Evaluation Kit for CMX998 IC
Contents
1. 14 6 1 2 Power Amplifiers sene 14 6 1 3 Local Oscillator LO 14 6 1 4 IQ Baseband Inputs sssseeene 15 6 1 5 CMX981 Interface 15 6 1 6 Manual DC Nulling eeeeeeeeene 15 6 1 7 Power Supply 15 6 2 Adjustments and Controls sees eee 15 6 2 1 800MHz Operation sese 15 6 3 Software Description 16 6 3 1 The CMX998 01 06 Tab sss 16 6 3 2 The CMX998 07 08 F2 F8 Tab 17 6 3 3 The Script Handler Tab sss 18 6 4 Application Information essen 19 6 4 1 Error Coniguraion sss sese 19 6 4 2 Typical Performance of Closed Loop Configuration 20 6 4 3 Testing the CMX998 with the CMX981 25 6 5 Troubleshooting TTT 29 6 5 1 Closed Loop Operation sse eee eee eee 29 6 5 2 Open Loop Operation sese 30 Performance Specification ccccccceseesseenceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeseanes 31 7 1 Electrical Performance ccccccsceceeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeeees 31 7 1 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings sese eee eee eee eee 31 7 1 2 Operating Limits eee eee 31 7 1 3 Operating Characteristics sese eee ee eee 32 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 2 EV9980 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 Table Page Table 1 Signal Lists iuit ie teet n ri p Pee da A W2. EV9980 Figure 11 CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop with 18ksymbols s n 4DQPSK modulation 400MHz 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 21 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 e Ref Lvl 35 dBm 35 RBW VBW SWT 5 kHz RF Att 30 dB 5 kHz 100 ms Unit dBm 30 5 dB Offs 30 et 20 2VIEW 30 50 60 65 Center 400 MHz Date 10 MAR 2006 100 kHz 09 40 39 Span 1 MHz EV9980 Figure 12 Broadband 1MHz plot of CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop with 18ksymbols s n 4DQPSK modulation 400MHz Marker 1 T1 RBW 500 Hz RF Att 30 dB Marker 1 T1 REN 500 Hz RE Att 9 dE Ref Lvl 27 84 dBm VBW 500 Hz Ref Lvl 27 44 dBm VBW 500 Hz 35 dBm 799 99328657 MHz SWT 2 un dBm 35 dBm 799 99328657 MHz SWI 2s unit dBm 35 30 5 BB Offskt v1 cri 27 84 dB 30 5 BB Offspt M 27 44 D 1 Eu o 1 tr1 27 44 bn Ew I 799 99324657 MH M 7
3. lt dB 20 z dB LTIL Ur 75474 dB 30l LT l Low 75 14 iB 1VIEW 1SA 2SA 40 50 g 70 U 80 u co CO 8 u 10 Center 390 MHz 11 8 kHz Span 118 kHz Date 15 MAR 2006 09 56 29 Figure 20 Open and closed loop performance comparison CF 390 MHz Meas Signal Raf Te SR 18 kHz Trellis 5 dBm Standard TETRA 450 PHASE M PM YA BURST NOT FOUND 450 0 SYMBOLS 4 Date 15 MAR 2006 10 01 36 Figure 21 Trellis Diagram 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 27 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 CF 390 MHz Meas Signal Ref Lvl SR 18 kHz Constellation 5 dBm Standard TETRA Lo IMAG TA BURST NOT FOUND a R par D Se REAL TS Date 15 MAR 2006 10 37 30 Figure 22 Constellation Diagram CE 390 MHz Ref Lvl SR 18 kHz Symbol Errors 5 dBm Standard TETRA Symbol Table 0 11111001 10010011 00000100 01110100 10111011 EJ 40 01110010 10010101 01011011 11010111 01011010 80 00111001 10000111 10111110 01000110 01110100 120 11010011 10110010 00000111 11110110 11000110 160 11100110 11101000 10111110 10101110 01001011 200 00100010 11001111 11110111 01100101 11101011 240 11110010 00000100 01100000 11010111 01010011 280 10001111 10010011 10011011 00101001 10101001 320 11100110 00000000 10000001 01011111 00110110 360 11010010 01011100 11011010 01110001 00000111 400 00101100 01111101 01111000 01111010 00001111 440 11100011 11011111 11011001 00111101 10101101 480 00000111 1000 Error Summary BURST
4. Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Spare pin Leave unconnected Table 2 PE0001 Interface 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 9 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 TEST LOOPS Test Loop Default DaseHpHon Ref Measurement p Q Input Amplifier Output Instability Detector Output Q Image Filter Amplifier Output Q Error Amplifier Output BVREF Buffered Vref Error Amplifier Output Image Filter Amplifier Output Demodulator Output Q channel Demodulator Output I channel Input Amplifier Output Connection point for AVdd on CMX981 evaluation board 800MHz power amplifier control voltage 400MHz power amplifier control voltage DCMEAS Output Spare connection on J12 J13 C BUS Data Output IRQN not used GND probe point GND probe point Table 3 Test Loops 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 10 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 TEST POINTS Test Point Default Description Ref Measuremen P t 3 3V regulator output for digital circuits 3 3V regulator output for analogue circuits 5 0V regulator output for RF circuits Digital Ground Digital Ground Analogue Ground Analogue Ground Table 4 Test Points Notes I P Input O P Output Bl Bidirectional TL Test Loop TP Test Point 2006 CML Microsyste
5. gt MODIN amp MODIN lt DCMEAS Write Aux Ctrl Reg Write Freq Ctrl Reg Read Regs F2 F8 General Cmd F2 FeedbackPath F 6 Ox 00 Read F2 O 00 Read F6 Phase Ctrl Rea F3 Aus Ctrl F Oxf00 Read F3 Ox joo Read F Gain Ctrl Reg F4 Freq Ctrl F 8 Ox 0000 Read F4 Ox 00 Read F Fwd Path Gain F5 ox D0 Read F5 T Auto Write Close Figure 6 The CMX998 07 08 F2 F8 Tab 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 17 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 6 3 3 The Script Handler Tab EV9980 The Script Handler tab allows the execution of script files consisting of register write and read delay commands see Figure 7 E 9980 Evaluation Kit Software l x CMx398 Regs 01 06 CMX398 Regs 07 08 F2 F8 Script Functions Run Script Clear Results Hir Script Handler m Script Repetitions Run Script Once C Run Script Continuously C Run Script Spec d times Save Results z Reg Value Oxf2 0x60 Oxf2 0x60 Oxf2 0x60 Oxf2 0x00 Figure 7 The Script Handler Tab The script files should be ASCII text files with each line containing one of following commands Register write Register read 8 bit RD8_AA nnan 8 bit WR8 AA DD e e e Register write 16 bit W16 AA DDDD e Register read 16 bit R16 AA e Delay DELAY_X X e Comment line IIC C Where AA is
6. Datasheets page of the CML website www cmlmicro com 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 3 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 LP Filter de External IQ Inputs CMX981 Interface Differential I Attenuator VQ A DCMEAS Instability Detector QI STAM TX OUT 800MHz CMX998 3 CFBL L IC RF2173 Sw s TX OUT 400MHz PA Coupler awe RF2175 Interface Interface Connector LO IN Coax Connector Figure 1 Block Diagram 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 4 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 Preliminary Information The EV9980 provides a platform for the evaluation of the CMX998 To use the EV9980 a separate micro controller or PC for example is required to program the CMX998 via its C BUS interface This controlling device is not included on the EV9980 but there is a CML product available to provide the controlling functionality the PE0001 with EV9980 PC software ES9980xx exe Laboratory Equipment The following laboratory equipment is needed to use this evaluation kit Dual Power Supply Spectrum Analyzer 100MHz to 1GHz RF Attenuator RF Signal Generator 100MHz to 2GHz I Q Signal Source For more detailed design or investigation work the customer may require other RF test equipment Power Supply The supply input voltage to the PCB for all circuits except the
7. appears to be happening Loop switch in wrong position forward reverse attenuator incorrectly set Check state of loop switch and adjust attenuator to see if spectrum improves No linearization of PA appears to be happening Error amp gain reduction mode has been selected Discrete spurious present on transmission at 18kHz offset from carrier causing degrading adjacent channel power when using EV9810 to generate modulation Insufficient issoluation between EV9980 and EV9810 power supplies Ensure sufficient de coupling between power supplies or use separate bench power supplies for EV9810 and EV9980 RF output from 400MHz PA is low e g 27dBm mean Voltage drop in wires to PA results in a low supply voltage Measure the PA supply voltage at the PA pin Increase supply voltage so that at least 3 6V is seen at the pin NB Do not exceed manufactures absolute maximum value when the PA is not transmitting Table 6 Closed Loop possible errors 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 29 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 6 5 2 Open Loop Operation Error Observed Possible Cause No RF Output Relevant circuitry not enable or IQ signals not applied Try re enabling circuitry in CMX998 or measure IQ signal at TL1 Table 7 Open Loop possible errors 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 30 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 7 Performance Specificat
8. made as follows EV9980 J11 EV9810 J9 Label Pin No Label Pin No 981 Q 1 QTXP 10 981 Q 3 QTXN 8 GNDA 5 GNDANALOG 6 981 l 7 ITXN 4 981 l 9 ITXP 2 Table 5 EV9980 and EV9810 interconnection details Note See also Figure 18 The TX output of the CMX981 is differential and Q with a single ended signal level of 1Vp p 1 28VDC The CMX998 input amplifiers need to convert this differential signal into a single ended 1Vp p 1 6VDC signal A typical configuration for the input amplifiers on the 998 is shown in Figure 17 3 3V 1Vp p 1 28VDC 1Vp p 1Vp p 1 6VDC 1 28VDC Figure 17 CMX998 Input Amplifier Configuration The results shown in this section were taken with the CMX998 configured as Figure 18 The component changes to the EV9980 to allow this configuration to work are Move C55 to C54 Move C27 to C30 Make C35 a OR 0603 resistor To get OdBm after the splitter splitter loss assumed to be 3dB the attenuator in the forward path OdB the attenuator in the feedback path 23 24dB The optimal phase setting will vary between setups as it is determined by the length of leads used to complete the RF loop On a 1MHz span on the spectrum analyser check for noise humping to ensure correct phase has been set The plots in Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 and Figure 23 show the ACP performance an open and closed loop comparison trellis diagram constellation diagr
9. the 2 digit register address in hexadecimal _ is a single space character DD is the 2 digit register value in hexadecimal X X is a time to delay by in 10ms units and C C is an ASCII string The delay command stops any following script commands from being executed until the delay period has passed 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 18 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 6 4 6 4 1 FW_I Q FB_I Q Each line must contain only one command and no other characters An example script file is Example Script File for EV9980 A WR8 01 00 send RESET WR8 02 3F ENABLE VBIAS Filter Pwr Input Amp Pwr Error Amp PWR Open Loop Mode Error Amp Gain reduction RD8 F2 Read General Control Register wl6 04 0012 R16 F4 Set Forward gain 0dB Feedback gain 20dB Read back Gain Control Register The results window will display the value returned by register read commands These results can be saved to an ASCII text file or discarded by clicking on the Save Results or Clear Results buttons respectively The ES9980 application will update the displayed register values to reflect those of any register read or write commands contained in an executed script file When script file is being executed the other tabs cannot be selected A script file can be executed once repeatedly until the Stop button is pressed or a specified number of times The ex
10. 0MHz PA Output Input impedance 50 Q Frequency range 390 400 410 MHz Output Level PEP 3 32 dBm Adjacent Channel Power 4 60 dBc 800MHz PA Output Input impedance 50 z Q Frequency range 800 MHz Output Level PEP 33 dBm C BUS Interface See CMX998 Datasheet Notes 2 PCB current consumption not current consumption of the CMX998 3 32dBm is generally achieved with continious operation 33dBm can be achieved using burst transmission typical in TDMA systems 4 Using TETRA n 4 DQPSK modulation at 18ks s 18kHz measurement bandwidth for adjacent channel power 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 32 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 7 1 3 Operating Characteristics Timing Diagrams Please refer to CMX998 Datasheet for details CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described No IPR or circuit patent licences are implied CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry and any part of this product specification Evaluation kits and demonstration boards are supplied for the sole purpose of demonstrating the operation of CML products and are supplied without warranty They are intended for use in a laboratory environment only and are not for re sale end use or incorporation into other equipments Operation of these kits and boards outside a laboratory environment is not permitted within the European Community All software firmware is supplied as is and is without w
11. 7 2N GND i Power Amp RF Signal 3 6V Generator Figure 2 Typical Evaluation Connections for EV9980 Input Conditions LO Input J1 should be at 800MHz at 10dBm No baseband I and Q signals J5 and J3 should be applied at this time only a OVDC bias input is required For reference the nominal and Q input is an AC input signal level of 500mVp p at OVDC bias 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 6 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 3 3 Operation It is recommended that the user familiarise themselves with the IC datasheet and the EV9980 user manual prior to attempting to use the EV9980 To use the EV9980 the user will need a mechanism to control the CMX998 via its C BUS interface which is brought out on connector J13 J15 can also be used on the EV9980 The CMX998 datasheet gives details of the registers and commands To operate the CMX998 a typical general register setup is given below Initially no IQ signals should be applied The general control register should be configured such that the bias circuits filter amplifiers input amplifiers error amplifiers forward path and feedback path are all enabled Bits 0 and 1 of the general control register should be in their normal operation state i e b0 b1 0 A typical setting for the phase control register would be 22 5degs Typical setting for the forward and feedback path attenuator would be OdB and 13dB respectively this configuration gives full output power at 400
12. 99 99328657 MHz all YL 39 49 dB A1 T1 32 20 dB 20 0040d802 ku 20 sat A2 YL 40 64 dB A2 T1 31 24 aB 7 01404806 kH 01402B06 kHz 10 10 a3 TL 5 87 dB A3 T1 27 61 aB 16 03204413 kH 4 1 03206413 kHz 3 al priy 1 qe 15A o Ft L 7 37 42 06414826 kH T 4 32 06412B26 kHz T 10 A 2 4 20 20 3 4 c f zo ad T i i amp d 4 i so 4 i 6a H H sa i s z Center 800 MHz Date 10 MAR 2006 15 06 24 Span 100 kHz Center 800 MHz Date 10 MAR 2006 15 08 04 10 kHz Span 100 kHz Figure 13 CMX998 and RF2173 performance closed loop left and open loop right at approximately the same PEP output level 800MHz 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 22 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 R Marker 1 T1 RBW 500 Hz RF Att 30 dB by Ref Lvl 26 45 dBm VBW 500 Hz 35 dBm 799 99328657 MHz SWT 208 Unit dBm 35 2058 HB OORfssE v1 T1 24 45 onl 30 ES 799 99328 657 MHz A1 T1 39 63 dB 20 276646086 dH A2 TL 49 63 dB 7 01402 806 kHz 10 A3 T1 69 19 dB 116 03206413 kHz 1SA 0 C R 8 amp 8 dsB 32 06412826 kHz 10 T 20 30 3 4 40 50 60 65 Center 800 MHz 10 kHz Span 100 kHz Date 10 MAR 2006 15 07 21 Figure 14 CMX998 and RF2173 performance closed loop 18dB feedback path attenuation e Ref Lvl RBW 5 kHz RF Att 30 dB ET R
13. A laa 9 Table 2 PEO001 Interface 2 5 dne deii teli cere dte d eee ii b dd cert d eee do bela ce ead 9 Table S Test Eeee iue ee ee A eme trea e e RR RS 10 Table 4 Test PONS secessu i Eee ek A na Laon ee ka aeu ae ka Mane POR Deu EE a Mone e eR PO hacia ane 11 Table 5 EV9980 and EV9810 interconnection details sese eee 25 Table 6 Closed Loop possible errors 29 Table 7 Open Loop possible errors essere eee eee eee eee eee 30 Figure Page Figure 1 Block DIagram aai Rte e t ur n e WT dee b ede 4 Figure 2 Typical Evaluation Connections for EV9980 sees eee eee eee eee 6 Fig re 3 POB Layout Te eio ido a ee de rade e de eade c ee 12 Figure 4 PCB Layout Doom sees sees sees eee eee eee 12 Figure 5 The CMX998 01 06 Tab 16 Figure 6 The CMX998 07 08 F2 F8 Tab 17 Figure 7 The Script Handler Tab sees eee eee eee 18 Figure 8 Error Amplifier Configuration sse ee ee eee eee 19 Figure 9 CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop left and open loop right at approximately the same PEP output level 4OOMHZ eee eee 20 Figure 10 CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop lower and open loop upper same PEP output level with 18ksymbols s n 4DQPSK modulation 400MHZz eee 20 Figure 11 CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop with 18ksymbols s n 4DQPSK modulation 400MEHBS eciam PY O Pa ua ea mac a nae aa side aaa 21 Figure 12 Bro
14. A2 T1 29 48 dB 16 03206813 kHz delis Ai io avr isa 1b oszochi3 ns oa o 10 10 20l a so 3 2 ad H U a HH LL L 50 4 Center 400 MHz 10 kHz par kH Center 400 MHz 10 kHz Span 100 kH Date 10 MAR 2006 09 30 Date 10 MAR 2006 09 30 53 Figure 9 CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop left and open loop right at approximately the same PEP output level 400MHz RBW 500 Hz RF Att 30 dB Ref Lvl VBW 500 Hz 35 dBm SWT 2s Unit dBm 35 30 5 AB Offset 30 EJ 20 10 0 1VIEW 1SA 2VIEW 2SA 10 20 30 40 50 60 65 Center 400 MHz 10 kHz Span 100 kH Date 10 MAR 2006 09 38 51 Figure 10 CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop lower and open loop upper same PEP output level with 18ksymbols s xn 4DQPSK modulation 400MHz 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 20 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 Marker 1 T1 RBW 500 Hz RF Att 30 dB Ref Lvl 19 44 dBm VBW 500 Hz 35 dBm 400 00330661 MHz SWT 2 s Unit dBm 35 30 5 HB Offset Val pray 19 44 dB 30 400 00330 661 MHz CH PWR 28 73 dB 20 Bp 4B ACH Low 64 87 dB n A1 T1 00 dB 0 00000 000 Hz o 1VIEW 10 20 30 40 cd 50 LO s 60 uc 65 Center 400 MHz Date 10 MAR 2006 09 35 15 10 kHz Span 100 kHz
15. EV9980 CML Microcircuits Evaluation Kit COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS User Manual UM9980 2 August 2006 Provisional Issue Features e Allows full evaluation and investigation of the e Support and interfacing for CMX998 Cartesian Feedback Transmitter IC customer PAs e Operational range 100MHz to 1GHz by use of e Interfaces to CMX981 EvKit on board matching components e Access to RF control and baseband signals e Differential or single ended I and via connectors and test points Q inputs e Complete demonstration of the CFBL e Can utilise PE0001 EvKit interface functionality default is 400MHz and card for PC interface or work with configurable for 800MHz custom interface equipment 1 Brief Description The EV9980 Evkit allows rapid and full evaluation of the CMX998 Cartesian Feedback Transmitter IC In the form of a populated PCB this flexible platform enables users using a control interface to configure and evaluate the CMX998 to various applications and frequency bands Access is provided to all CMX998 RF baseband and control signals by either connector or test points Test access points are available to accept common test equipments such as RF and baseband signal generators and spectrum analysers All signal paths are matched by suitable components and the EvKit provides on board two power amplifier devices one at 400MHz default and one at 800MHz support is also available for the connection and operation of a custom PA T
16. LO input up converter output and the down converter input are all matched with broadband balun transformer to allow wideband operation from 100MHz to 1GHz The RESET pin active low is pulled high with 100k ohms The user can pull this pin low to reset the device or the software reset can be used Power Amplifiers The card includes power amplifiers to demonstrate the CFBL IC at 400MHz or 800MHz The 400MHz amplifier default connection is capable of producing 29 30dBm mean with pulsed 7 4 DQPSK modulation An option of using a 800MHz power amplifier is included in the design and this is also capable of 30dBm mean output with x 4 DQPSK modulation Component changes are required to make use of this option see section 6 2 1 Gain control has been included which allows the power amplifiers to be connected to the CMX981 Ramping DAC or to an external variable voltage source Local Oscillator LO The local oscillator has not been provided on the EV9980 A connector is provided to allow an external oscillator source to be injected at twice or four times the RF output frequency depending on the oscillator mode selected 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 14 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 6 1 7 6 2 6 2 1 IQ Baseband Inputs The board allows the IQ inputs to come from the CMX981 or from an alternative external source The input can be differential or single ended Adjusting the values around the CMX998 input amplifi
17. MHz The frequency control register should be set for divide by 2 mode this means that a LO input has to be applied at twice the operating frequency To achieve the nominal output power from the PA a control voltage of 1 1 VDC needs to be applied to pin 15 of J12 The output should be analysed to ensure loop phase is set correctly The level of the carrier signal needs to be adjusted for a minimum by use of VR1 and VR2 Baseband IQ signals can now be applied to achieve the nominal output power level of 29dBm average power 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 7 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 4 Signal Lists CONNECTOR PINOUT EV9980 Connector Connector Signal Signal Description Ref Pin No Name Type i TXQ TXQ RFIN TXI TXI RFOUT TX OUT 800MHz TX OUT 400MHz 7 2V 3 6V GND TXQ TXQ TXI TXI GNDA INSTAB DCMEAS FW_Q FB_Q FB FW PA_CNTRL 2006 CML Microsystems Plc Baseband Baseband RF Baseband Baseband RF RF RF DG DG DG Baseband Baseband Baseband Baseband Baseband Baseband Baseband Baseband DG LO input can be applied at 2 x RF output frequency or 4 x RF output frequency Nominal input level is 10dBm Q input signal non inverting input of input amplifier Q input signal inverting input of input amplifier RF input to feedback path I input signal inverting input of input amplifier I input signal non inverting inp
18. NOT FOUND Error Vector Mag Magnitude Error Phase Error Freq Error Amplitude Droop IQ Offset 2 64 1 42 0 79 3 48 Date 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 15 MAR 2006 10 36 58 rms 6 81 Pk rms 6 02 Pk deg rms 2 97 deg Pk Hz 3 50 Hz Pk dB sym Rho Factor t IO Imbalance at sym 8 at sym 6 at sym 205 0 9977 0 54 Figure 23 Symbol Error Table 28 EV9980 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 6 5 Troubleshooting EV9980 The CMX998 is a complex RF system If incorrectly programmed or modified results will be at variance from datasheet performance Please study the IC datasheet this manual and the associated schematics and layout drawings carefully when troubleshooting This section provides some suggestions to help users resolve application issues they might encounter 6 5 1 Closed Loop Operation Error Observed Possible Cause Remedy Instability poor adjacent channel performance Loop Phase is incorrect Try adjusting the phase control register while analysing the RF output to see if spectrum improves PA supply draws more 1 5A Loop Phase incorrect See above remedy above No RF Output PA control volts are low relevant circuitry not enable or IQ signals not applied Check control volts at TL13 or TL12 to see if voltage is close to 2 8VDC try re enabling circuitry in CMX998 or measure IQ signal at TL1 No linearization of PA
19. PA is 7 2V 5 25V to 8V acceptable On board regulators are provided to generate all voltage rails used on the PCB 3 3V and 5V rails are used The supply to the PA is directly connected to the PA a voltage of 3 6V at the PA is recommended See also section 6 5 1 The 7 2V supply should be rated at 1A and the 3 6V supply rated at 2A NOTE Care should be exercised with the supplies as they are not protected for reverse polarity For optimum RF performance the PA supply is connected directly to the RF2173 and RF2175 device so care is required to ensure the RF2173 and RF2175 manufacturer s ratings are not exceeded Handling Precautions Like most evaluation kits this product is designed for use in office and laboratory environments The following practices will help ensure its proper operation Static Protection This product uses low power CMOS circuits that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge Partially damaged circuits can function erroneously leading to misleading results Observe ESD precautions at all times when handling this product Contents Unpacking Please ensure that you have received all of the items on the separate information sheet EK9980 and notify CML within 7 working days if the delivery is incomplete Approvals This product is not approved to any EMC or other regulatory standard Users are advised to observe local statutory requirements which may apply to this product and the radio frequency sign
20. adband 1MHz plot of CMX998 and RF2175 performance closed loop with 18ksymbols s t A4DQPSK modulation 400MHZ essen enne nnns 22 Figure 13 CMX998 and RF2173 performance closed loop left and open loop right at approximately the same PEP output level 800MHZ ccccccesceceeseneeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeesensaeeeseeeaees 22 Figure 14 CMX998 and RF2173 performance closed loop 18dB feedback path attenuation 23 Figure 15 CMX998 and RF2173 performance closed loop with phase control at extremes of stability 11 25deg left and 135deg right showing classic peaking of noise when feedback phase is INCOreCty su c deed ta do dg desl d bee eg awe es ide ede eO ee de end dt deeds 23 Figure 16 CMX998 and RF2173 performance correctly adjusted closed loop with phase control of 67 50 deg resulting in a clean Spectrum eee eee eee aaa eee 24 Figure 17 CMX998 Input Amplifier Configuration sse ee eee e e e e ee 25 Figure 18 CMX998 Configuration for testing with CMX981 sse 26 Figure T9 1 and 2 ACP Performance 26 Figure 20 Open and closed loop performance comparison sese ee ee ee ee e ee ee ee ee 27 Figure 21 Trelis Magram T 27 Figure 22 Constellation Diagram sse eee eee ee eee 28 Figure 23 Symbol Error Table eee eee oaza entente trennen nnns sn nnne en 28 It is always recommended that you check for the latest product datasheet version from the
21. al control register gain control register phase control register and general reset command see Figure 5 In the case of the gain and phase control register slide bars have been used to allow easy control during operation EV9980 Evaluation kit Software CMX998 Regs 01 06 CMX998 Regs 07 08 F2 F8 Script Handler Reset Functions General Ctrl Reg 02 Forward Path En Input Amp En Feedback Path En Error Amp En Bias Circuit En T Open Loop Mode Filter Amp En Error Amp Gain H w Reset Write Gen Ctl Reg Phase Ctrl Reg 03 Gain Ctrl Regs 04 06 Phase Forward Path Atten Ag ee ded Jaco degrees B VEO A EOM ao dB Feedback Path Atten Write Gain Ctrl Reg Link Attenuators Write Phase Ctrl Reg Write FB Path Ctrl Reg Write Fwd Path Ctrl Reg Auto Write Write All Close Figure 5 The CMX998 01 06 Tab 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 16 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 6 3 2 The CMX998 07 08 F2 F8 Tab The CMX998 07 08 F2 F8 tab gives access to the aux control and frequency control registers see Figure 6 This tab also allows the registers F2 to F8 to be read individually 9980 Evaluation Kit Software CMX398 Regs 01 06 CMX338 Regs 07 08 F2 F 8 Script Handler Aux Ctrl Reg 07 Freq Ctrl Reg 08 Instability Det Gain DIV Bit BdB Instability Det En Operating Freq Band DCMEAS I P Select Biers S lt 500MHz
22. als that may emanate from it 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 5 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 3 1 3 2 Baseband IQ Generator Quick Start This section provides instructions for users who wish to experiment immediately with the evaluation kit A more complete description of the kit and its use appears later in this document The EV9980 includes a CMX998 device that is described in its own separate datasheet Accordingly the user should read the current CMX998 datasheet before using the EV9980 Setting Up The following procedure is recommended 1 Connect test leads as shown below in Figure 2 Connect a host uController to C BUS interface J13 or J15 alternatively the CML PE0001 card and ES9980xx exe software can be used see section 6 3 3 The power amplifier output J9 should be connected to a suitable 50Q load The default frequency of operation for the EV9980 is 400MHz The use of an external 50O Load is essential to prevent possible damage to the PA stage 4 Power should be applied to the main supply 7 2V nominal 5 Aconnection should be made to J12 pin 15 to allow the PA control volts to be adjusted 6 Power should be applied to the power amplifier supply connector 3 6V The board is now ready for operation J13 J15 AD sg Pin15 PA Control 30dB RF J10 J9 Voltage m Attenuator RF Spectrum Analyzer 4
23. am and symbol error table respectively 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 25 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 EV9810 CMX998 Splitter RF Spectrum Analyzer 7 2V E Do Not Connect RF Signal a supply to Generator V_PA Figure 18 CMX998 Configuration for testing with CMX981 Marker 1 T1 RBW 500 Hz RF Att 30 dB 19 84 dBm Ref Lvl VBW 2 kHz 389 99780261 MHz 0 dBm SWT 2 4 s Unit dBm a T 19 5 ado ob78d261 mn EM 10 T CH PWR 14 dB ACP Up 64 05 dB N ACP Low 70 33 dB 20 ALT1 Up 74 52 dB ALT1 Low 74 71 dB 30 1SA 40 50 60 70 1 c12 cu2 cu2 80 e co 90 H cul 100 Center 390 MHz 11 8 kHz Span 118 kHz Date 15 MAR 2006 09 54 45 Figure 19 151 and 2 ACP Performance 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 26 EV9980 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 RBW 500 Hz RF Att 30 dB Marker 1 T1 Ref Lvl VBW 2 kHz 21 56 dBm 0 dBm SWT 2 4 s Unit dBm 389 99780261 MHz 0 Sa T1 2 se asd S 1 78 MHz CH WE dBm
24. arranty It forms part of the product supplied and is licensed for use only with this product for the purpose of demonstrating the operation of CML products Whilst all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that software firmware contained in this product is virus free CML accepts no resonsibility whatsoever for any contamination which results from using this product and the onus for checking that the software firmware is virus free is placed on the purchaser of this evaluation kit or development board www cmlmicro com For FAQs see www cmlmicro com products faqs For a full datasheet listing see www cmlmicro com products datasheets download htm For detailed application notes www cmlmicro com products applications CML Microcircuits CML Microcircuits CML Microcircuits UK Ltd USA Inc Singapore PteLtd COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS Oval Park Langford 4800 Bethania Station Road No 2 Kallang Pudding Road No 218 Tian Mu Road Maldon Essex Winston Salem 09 05 06 Mactech West Tower 1 Unit 1008 CM9 6WG England NC 27105 USA Industrial Building Shanghai Kerry Everbright Singapore 349307 City Zhabei Shanghai 200070 China Tel 44 0 1621 875500 Tel 1 336 744 5050 Tel 65 6745 0426 Tel 86 21 6317 4107 800 638 5577 86 21 6317 8916 Fax 44 0 1621 875600 Fax 1 336 744 5054 Fax 65 6745 2917 Fax 86 21 6317 0243 Sales Sales Sales Sal
25. ecution of a script file can be stopped or paused at any time by clicking the appropriate button Application Information Error Configuration The error amplifier configuration used on the EV9980 is shown in Figure 8 The following conditions apply to the values fitted on the EV9980 the 19 Pole is at 16kHz the 2 Pole is at 32kHz and the Zero is at 320kHz These can be changed for any user requirement C21 C41 R18 R38 R25 R32 MODIP R20 R36 1 MODQP C26 C36 R21 R37 R24 R40 C24 C37 Figure 8 Error Amplifier Configuration 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 19 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 6 4 2 Typical Performance of Closed Loop Configuration EV9980 The following plots show typical performance of the EV9980 with two tone and 18ksymbols s mt 4DQPSK modulation 500 Hz E Sei ma ME E NIE AE B iioi VBW _ 500 Hz d n 32 06412826 kHz SWT 253 Unit dnm m 30 5 Be offspt 40 WF i x Laa E 0p 00911524 MH zo a tit a3 T11 E E 1 3b 06412826 kHz Y al tl 1 al UT11 32 37 dB zo A42 01 e
26. ef Lvl RBW VBW SWT 5 kHz 5 kHz 100 ms RF Att 30 dB Unit dBm VBW 5 kHz s 35 dBm 35 dBm SWT 100 ms Unit dBm 30 5 HB Offskt 2SA U y 601 Center 800 MHz 100 kHz Span 1 MHz center 800 MHz Date 10 MAR 2006 15 11 11 Date 10 MAR 2006 15 10 46 100 kHz Span 1 MHz Figure 15 CMX998 and RF2173 performance closed loop with phase control at extremes of stability 11 25deg left and 135deg right showing classic peaking of noise when feedback phase is incorrect 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 23 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 RBW 5 kHz RF Att 30 dB Ref Lvl VBW 5 kHz 35 dBm SWT 100 ms Unit dBm 35 30 5 HB Offset 30 ES 20 10 2SA 10 20 30 40 60 65 Center 800 MHz 100 kHz Span 1 MHz Date 10 MAR 2006 ASS OST Figure 16 CMX998 and RF2173 performance correctly adjusted closed loop with phase control of 67 50 deg resulting in a clean spectrum 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 24 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 6 4 3 Testing the CMX998 with the CMX981 The EV9980 has an IQ interface to the EV9810 through the use of a 10 way header The connections should be
27. ers creates the required input configuration The default setup is for single ended inputs which are applied to TXI and TXQ A typical input signal would be 500mVp p at OVDC bias CMX981 Interface The EV9980 has an interface to allow connection to the CMX981 Evaluation card There are two connectors J11 and J12 that include the following signals I Q Input signals from CMX981 DCMEAS pin from CMX998 to CMX981 AUX ADC Ramping DAC signal from CMX981 to EV9980 power amplifiers Instability detector output DC Nulling signal input optional Manual DC Nulling The DC nulling can be done manually through the use of VR1 and VR2 variable resistors They affect the DC level of at the input to the modulator so that the carrier can be nulled to a minimum manually Automatic control has been implemented through the CMX981 interface Power Supply The input to the PCB for CMX998 and interface circuits is nominally 7 2V 5 25V to 8V is acceptable On board regulators are provided to generate voltage rails used on the EV9980 3 3V used for CFBL IC The power supply to the PA is directly from a separate 3 6V input Adjustments and Controls The user has the ability to configure the EV9980 for a number of different operational scenarios 800MHz Operation The default operating frequency is 400MHz so the following components need to be changed to enable the EV9980 to work at 800MHz C98 C99 R86 become not fitted NF C76 C78 should be 1
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29. he overall operating evaluation frequency range of the EvKit is for RF frequencies between 100MHz and 1GHz The EV9980 can be configured to work with the CMX981 Digital Radio Baseband processor IC or with a custom baseband system No software is required for use of the EvKit the on board CMX998 is controlled via its C BUS serial interface and control system An evaluation interface is supplied separately that uses the CML PEO0001 EvKit Interface Card and is controlled via the EV9980 PC software Also a custom C BUS interface and control system can be used 2006 CML Microsystems Plc Evaluation Kit for CMX998 Section 1 2 CONTENTS Page Brief Description ree er Renner iis 1 Preliminary Information nennen nnns 5 2 1 Laboratory Equipment seen 5 24 1 Power SUppIyca cene eei A a 5 2 2 Handling Precautions eee enne 5 2 2 1 Static Protection 5 2 2 2 Contents Unpacking sss sss 5 2 3 Approvals inte mt ue gei tenis 5 Quick Start tec ein da rase utc ede anaes 6 3 1 SettingslJp ideni ient rade et E hai TA d reads 6 3 2 Input Conditio Sa cnet e re te tac pietas 6 3 3 Operation ea EE hpa 7 Signal B O i PA EO a EEE LA 8 Circuit Schematics and Board Layouts sees 12 Detailed Description ssssssc ees ssssssse eee sssssree reenn enen 14 6 1 Hardware Description sese eee eee esse 14 6 1 1 Cartesian Feedback Loop CFBL
30. ion 7 1 Electrical Performance 7 1 1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Exceeding these maximum ratings can result in damage to the Evaluation Kit EV9980 Min Max Units Supply Voltage Vin Vss 0 8 0 V Supply Voltage Vp Vss 0 4 0 V Current into or out of Vin VpA and Vgs pins 0 2 0 A Current into or out of any other connector pin 20 20 mA 7 1 2 Operating Limits Correct operation of the Evaluation Kit outside these limits is not implied Notes Min Max Units Supply Voltage Vin Vss 5 25 8 0 V Supply Voltage Vpa Vss 1 3 0 3 6 V Notes 1 PA supply voltage should be measured at the Power Amplifier U2 or U5 power supply pin 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 31 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 7 1 3 Operating Characteristics For the following conditions unless otherwise specified VIN Vss 7 2V Vp Vss 3 6V Tamb 25 C Notes Min Typ Max Units DC Parameters Excluding PA Supply Ipp CMX998 powersaved 2 4 mA Ipp All CMX998 Circuitry Enabled 2 135 mA AC Parameters Up Converter Output Output power 0 dBm Attenuator Range 0 30 dB Atenuator Step Size 2 5 dB Down Converter Input Input impedance 50 Q Input Level 22 7 7 dBm Attenuator Range 0 29 dB Attenuator Step Size 1 0 dB IQ Input Signal Amplitude 0 5 Vp p DC Level 0 VDC LO Input Input impedance 50 Q Frequency range 200 2000 MHz Input Level 10 5 dBm 40
31. ms Plc 11 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 5 Circuit Schematics and Board Layouts For clarity circuit schematics are available as separate high resolution files These can be obtained via the CML website The following changes apply to the EV9980 PCB PCB555B Mod State 2 when referring to schematic DWG9980B04 pdf These changes have already been made to the Evaluation Kit Circuit Area and ne Component Reference Comment Change 1 V power line Cure coupling between Cut V track on the top layer of C109 C133 J10 400MHz PA and power the board close to C109 supply which caused Place a wire link on bottom degraded adjacent layer between J10 pin 3 and channel power C133 The layout on each side of the pcb is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 below EV9980 J3 Ex PEBBB1 CONNECTOR G B ni LL 2 514 D a AN LN ZA POWER Figure 3 PCB Layout top 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 12 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 CHE sos Ji Us Ex m ae bo LJ T G gt Z DF 32 gt E Figure 4 PCB Layout bottom 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 13 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 6 1 6 1 3 Detailed Description The CMX998 datasheet not included but available at www cmlmicro com should be referred to for a detailed description of the CMX998 device The EV9980 functionality includes e Demonstration of the CFBL RF functio
32. nF R74 should be OR L10 should be OR C121 C122 should be not fitted NF Typical values for CMX998 registers at 800MHz are e phase control register 67 50 degrees e forward path attenuation 0dB e feedback path attenuation 18dB Note for 400MHz typical values see section 3 3 2006 CML Microsystems Plc 15 UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 6 3 6 3 1 Software Description The EV9980 does not require any embedded firmware The CML product PE0001 available separately can be used with the EV9980 and the related PC software ES9980xx exe The ES9980 application allows the user to interact with the EV9980 via an easy to use graphical interface It consists of three tabs each one representing a particular set of registers or a particular function of the CMX998 To select a tab simply click on the corresponding name in the row at the top of the program window Setting or clearing the check box associated with a bit of a register will cause that bit to be set or cleared when the register is next written to If the Auto Write check box is set a register will be written whenever a check box or list box associated with it is modified This removes the need to click the Write button associated with that register The program can be closed at any time by clicking the Close button or by pressing Alt and C keys simultaneously The CMX998 01 06 Tab The CMX998 01 06 tab gives access to the gener
33. nality PA devices have been included to allow operation at 400MHz and 800MHz to be evaluated in detail e Operation at 100MHz to 1000MHz e Support for customer power amplifiers at different powers and frequencies over the full operating range of the CFBL IC e C BUS Interface that allows the card to be connected to a host uController Interface to a PC for initial test and customer evaluation is available separately with suitable PC software that allows control of all device functions e Interface directly to CMX981 evaluation card allows demonstration of o 1 4 DQPSK modulation o burst and continuous transmission In summary the EV9980 allows the user to create experiments to investigate all aspects of the CMX998 device The EV9980 is designed to allow user modification to support detailed invesiigation of each user s specific and different applications Hardware Description Cartesian Feedback Loop CFBL The card is configured to allow the CFBL to operate in normal operation with single ended external inputs The gains are set in the baseband amplifier sections to suit the input drive levels in section 6 1 4 The error amplifier is configured with a loop filter optimised for operation with the on board power amplifiers but can be configured with user values for any other requirements It is possible to access the up converter output and the down converter input so that customers can connect their own power amplifiers into the loop The
34. ut of input amplifier Upconverter RF output 800MHz PA output 400MHz PA output 7 2V power supply input 3 6V power supply for RF power amplifier Power supply ground Differential I Q input from the CMX981 evaluation board Connection to Analogue Ground Instability detector output to CMX981 connector DCMEAS output to CMX981 connector Forward path baseband Q signal to CMX981 connector Feedback path baseband Q signal to CMX981 connector Feedback path baseband I signal to CMX981 connector Forward path baseband I signal to CMX981 connector PA control voltage external or from CMX981 evaluation board UM9980 2 Evaluation Kit for CMX998 EV9980 CONNECTOR PINOUT Connector Connector Signal Signal Description Ref Pin No Name Type P J13 C BUS Logic C BUS interface from PE0001 or host Interface controller PC See schematics and CMX998 datasheet for details J15 Alternative C BUS Logic Alternative header for C BUS interface Interface Table 1 Signal List CONNECTOR PINOUT for J13 Pin No Name Type RESET General RESET RESET active low CSN C BUS Enable Spare pin Leave unconnected S_DATA_IN C BUS Data Input s Spare pin Leave unconnected S_CLOCK C BUS Clock R Spare pin Leave unconnected S DATA OUT C BUS Data Output oOo N Oo O R N x Spare pin Leave unconnected IRQN Interrupt request if required Not used GNDD Connection to Digital Ground GNDD Connection to Digital Ground
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