BrightEye 90-FA Manual 2.4
Contents
1. Ct sindino oipny 8 4 4D Bug pe uejeg iN b oO ETT Eo ni 9 5 4D S A er Duisse oJq euoudpeaH oipny im v E YD BUBBLE lt nwx LL IWGH 4NO IWOH CIAD C sindu o oipny Bojeuy gt G Auo as peouejeg B m Jopoou3 xnuue MEN Oo ino eysoduio5 olpny ausodwo gt eo J9AI928H dass 2 1 q 4 ese UOISJ9AUO ino jJeondo Xn olpny ss015 uwoq dn Pun e esg oiny IAS ds aH Jepooeg Ul O2plA Dojeuy aysodwo d ids AS IAS GH o9 9 x JAN IAS 1nO IAS GS GH u JOY e e HL 10 a 1sodwo gt X BrightEye 90 FA PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGES OF THE BRIGHTEYE SERIES When images are converted between different formats color spaces and resolution geometries the need for accuracy and fidelity are extremely important Whether upconverting from standard definition to HD formats converting between different HD formats or downconverting to SD extra care must be paid to every aspect of the signal and the content of the images The BrightEye series of up down and cross converters were designed specifically with this in mind and provide the highest possible level of signal processing quality Key aspects of this design are 1 2 3 4 5 The Standard Definition analog inputs and outputs feature 12 bit quantization with 4 times oversampling and 4 4 4 internal processing This allows for better separation of real image conte2. indicates the presence of a valid optical signal on the HD SD SDI Optical Out BNC Laser OK Laser Fail videoin Mode Manual i Config Proc i Video Out ji Aud Config Aud Input i Mixer A Mixer B Audio Out Input Pres Captions In SD 525 Line 21 Ref Source Reference Video In Ref M Ref 525 Lock Laser Status Laser OK BrightEye 90 FA Page 14 X BrightEye 90 FA Mode Mode indicates the mode in which the unit is running Upconvert Downconvert Cross convert ARC Aspect Ratio Convert The mode is determined by the output selection made in the Format menu Format use this control to set the desired output format 10801 720p 1080p 1080sF SD Note that closed captions are not supported for 1080p and 1080sF outputs The unit automatically detects the input standard Up use this control to set the desired output aspect ratio when upconverting the input signal Anamorphic Pillar Box Crop Manual When Manual is selected use the Manual menu to set the aspect ratio Down use this control to set the desired output aspect ratio when downconverting the input signal Anamorphic Letter Box 16 9 Letter Box 14 9 Crop Manual When Manual is selected use the Manual menu to set the aspect ratio HD Cross use this control to set the desired output aspect ratio when crossconverting from one type of HD signal to another Anamorphic Manual When Manual is selected use the Manual menu
3. BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output User Guide ENSEMBLE This user guide provides detailed information for using the BrightEye 90 FA HD up down cross converter and aspect ratio converter ARC with analog audio and optical output The information is organized into the following sections e Product Overview e Functional Description e Applications e Rear Connectors e Operation Front Panel Controls and Indicators Using The BrightEye Control Application e Warranty and Factory Service e Specifications e Glossary BrightEye 90 FA Page 1 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output PRODUCT OVERVIEW BrightEye 90 FA upconverts standard definition SD signals into high definition HD downconverts HD signals into SD cross converts between a variety of HD standards and performs format and aspect ratio conversion ARC The built in frame synchronizer handles any asynchronous signals fed to the unit BrightEye 90 FA auto senses the input format and determines if it should up down or cross convert based on the user s selection of output format The user only needs to select the preferred output format BrightEye 90 FA will then accept any video input and perform the proper video conversion as needed As video is processed audio is processed too since the BrightEye 90 FA accommodates both embedded audio and analog audio st
4. X BrightEye 90 FA Mode Indicates the output aspect ratio when upconverting the input signal Choices are e Anamorphic original material is stretched as needed to 16 9 Box Letter Box or Pillar Box is applied to the original material Crop top and bottom edges or right and left edges are cropped off the original material Manual Illuminates green when the output aspect ratio has been set manually Bars Illuminates green when color bars are selected as the output signal Graticule Illuminates green when the on screen aspect ratio graticule is displayed Gain Illuminates green when video gain is set to unity or red when set to other than unity Pwr Power Illuminates green when power is applied to the unit and the internal voltage regulator is functioning correctly ADJUSTING PARAMETERS FROM THE FRONT PANEL NOTE Use the Mode Right Arrow and Left Arrow buttons to select and adjust parameters from the front panel Pressing the Mode button activates the front panel for editing and tabs between each section of editable parameters Pressing the Right Arrow or Left Arrow advances the selection within a given section of parameters or increases Right Arrow or decreases Left Arrow the value of a selected parameter The LED of an edited parameter will blink for 15 seconds after which time its value is stored in memory If power is interrupted before this 15 second timeout period has elapsed
5. implementations With the advent of High Definition television with even higher data rates and tighter jitter requirements problems with this legacy genlock signal surfaced Further a reference signal with a 50 or 60 Hz frame rate was useless with 24 Hz HD systems running at film rates Today we can think of composite black as a bi level sync signal it has two levels one at sync tip and one at blanking For HD systems Tri Level Sync which has the same blanking level at ground of bi level sync but the sync pulse now has both a negative and a positive element This keeps the signal symmetrically balanced so that its DC content is zero And it also means that the timing pickoff point is now at the point where the signal crosses blanking and is no longer subject to variation with amplitude This makes Tri Level Sync a much more robust signal and one which can be delivered with less jitter USB The Universal Serial Bus developed in the computer industry to replace the previously ubiquitous RS 232 serial interface now appears in many different forms and with many different uses It actually forms a small local area network allowing multiple devices to coexist on a single bus where they can be individually addressed and accessed VGA Video Graphics Array Traditional 15 pin analog interface between a PC and monitor Word Clock Use of Word Clock to genlock digital audio devices developed in the audio recording industry Early digi
6. 15 16 e Mon Volume sets the volume level sent to the headphone jack from 0 to 100 by moving the slider control using the up down arrows or entering a desired level directly in the field and pressing the Enter key on your computer Press the Default button to return to the default setting of 100 e HDMI Assign chooses the audio pair that is output on the HDMI Out port The HDMI port carries both audio and video signals Choices are Chan 1 2 Chan 3 4 Chan 5 6 Chan 7 8 Chan 9 10 Chan 11 12 Chan 13 14 Chan 15 16 Video In Mode Manual Config Proc Video Out se Aud Config Aud Input Mixer A Mixer B Audio Out Mon Assign Chan 1 2 H Mon Volume CC qemen 100 4 gt HDMI Assign Chan 1 2 H BrightEye 90 FA Page 26 X BrightEye 90 FA WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE Warranty Ensemble Designs Inc warrants this product to be free from defect in material and workmanship for a period of five years from the date of delivery During this five year warranty period Ensemble Designs Inc will repair any defective units at Ensemble s expense if the unit should be determined to be defective after consultation with a factory technician This warranty is not transferable Any implied warranties expire at the expiration date of this warranty This warranty does not cover a defect that has resulted from improper or unreasonable use or maintenance as determined by us This warranty is void
7. 50 or 60 Hz or that a line voltage switch if present is set correctly Interlace Human vision can be fooled to see motion by presenting a series of images each with a small change relative to the previous image In order to eliminate the flicker our eyes need to see more than 30 images per second This is accomplished in television systems by dividing the lines that make up each video frame which run at 25 or 30 frames per second into two fields All of the odd numbered lines are transmitted in the first field the even numbered lines are in the second field In this way the repetition rate is 50 or 60 Hz without using more bandwidth This trick has worked well for years but it introduces other temporal artifacts Motion pictures use a slightly different technique to raise the repetition rate from the original 24 frames that make up each second of film they just project each one twice IRE Video level is measured on the IRE scale where 0 IRE is black and 100 IRE is full white The actual voltages that these levels correspond to can vary between formats ITU R 601 This is the principal standard for standard definition component digital video It defines the luminance and color difference coding system that is also referred to as 4 2 2 The standard applies to both PAL and NTSC derived signals They both will result in an image that contains 720 pixels horizontally with 486 vertical pixels in NTSC and 576 vertically in PAL
8. Both systems use a sample clock rate of 27 Mhz and are serialized at 270 Mb s Jitter Serial digital signals either video or audio are subject to the effects of jitter This refers to the instantaneous error that can occur from one bit to the next in the exact position of each digital transition Although the signal may be at the correct frequency on average in the interim it varies Some bits come slightly early others come slightly late The measurement of this jitter is given either as the amount of time uncertainty or as the fraction of a bit width For 270 Mb s SD video the allowable jitter is 740 picoseconds or 0 2 UI Unit Interval one bit width For 1 485 Gb s HD the same 0 2UI spec corresponds to just 135 pico seconds Luminance The black amp white content of the image Human vision had more acuity in luminance so television systems generally devote more bandwidth to the luminance content In component systems the luminance is referred to as Y BrightEye 90 FA Page 36 X BrightEye 90 FA MPEG The Moving Picture Experts Group is an industry group that develops standards for the compression of moving pictures for television Their work is an on going effort The understanding of image processing and information theory is constantly expanding And the raw bandwidth of both the hardware and software used for this work is ever increasing Accordingly the compression methods available today are far superio
9. FA Page 17 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Proc e Gain adjusts the percentage of overall gain luminance and chrominance range is 0 to 150 default is 100 e Chroma adjusts the percentage of chroma amplitude range is 0 to 150 default is 100 e Pedestal adjusts the pedestal black level of the signal in IRE range is 30 to 30 IRE default is 0 IRE e Hue adjusts the hue of the signal in degrees range is 180 degrees default is 0 degrees Make adjustments by clicking and dragging the slider controls by using the up and down arrow buttons or by entering a value directly into the field Click the Default buttons to return settings to their default values Video In Mode Manual Config Proc Video Out Aud Config Aud Input Mixer A Mixer B Audio Out Gain Default 100 7 pent Chroma _ Default _ E A 97 8 pent Pedestal SET A faul Defauit tJ O ORE Hue Default E 1 3 degrees BrightEye 90 FA Page 18 X BrightEye 90 FA Video Out e Hor Timing use this control to adjust the horizontal timing of the output signal to place the leading edge of sync coincident with other sources range is 2000 to 2000 clocks default is 0 clocks e Vert Timing sets the vertical timing to a typical setting of 0 lines range is 1000 to 1000 lines default is 0 lines Test Pattern select On or Of
10. Mixer B Audio Out Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4 Peak VU Peak VU Peak VU Peak VU Input Ch 1 Input Ch 2 Input Ch 3 Input Ch 4 2 7 dB 2 7 d 0 dB o dB Output Bus Output Bus O Output Bus E Output Bus ChAssign Ch Assign Ch Assign Ch Assign 1 2 Bie LJL LJL 3 E LIE ag ag LJL aga 7 s E Tie Tie Tie Default Invert Default Invert Default Invert Default BrightEye 90 FA Page 24 Invert X BrightEye 90 FA Mixer B For Channels 5 8 use the Mixer B menu as follows Outputs 5 8 provides Peak VU status with the same methodology as the front panel VU indicators but on a per channel basis rather than per channel pair Peak VU indicators illuminate red when the audio level on that channel exceeds the headroom level set by the user with the Peak Indicator control in the Audio Config Menu Additionally the VU indicator illuminates orange when the output is above 0 VU illuminates green when the output is above 20 VU and doesn t illuminate when the output is below 20 VU Inputs Ch 5 8 these controls provide mixing and output level control for audio channels 5 to 8 of the selected audio group The text field at the top of the control indicates the amount of gain applied to the channel in dB The gain level can be adjusted from 70 dB to 12 dB by moving the vertical slider control using the up down arrows or entering a desired level directly in the field and pressi
11. Peak VU indicators illuminate red when the audio level on that channel exceeds the headroom level set by the user with the Peak Indicator control in the Audio Config Menu Additionally the VU indicator illuminates orange when the output is above 0 VU illuminates green when the output is above 20 VU and doesn t illuminate when the output is below 20 VU Inputs Ch 1 4 these controls provide mixing and output level control for audio channels 1 to 4 of the selected audio group The text field at the top of the control indicates the amount of gain applied to the channel in dB The gain level can be adjusted from 70 dB to 12 dB by moving the vertical slider control using the up down arrows or entering a desired level directly in the field and pressing the Enter key on your computer On the right hand side of the control are Output Bus Ch Assign buttons These buttons control which analog output channel the audio channels are mapped to The Tie function is used for stereo operation where gain of a pair of channels is usually desired to be the same Selecting the Tie button in Input Ch 1 or Input Ch 2 will tie the two control together Selecting the Tie button in Input Ch 3 or Input Ch 4 will tie the controls for these channels together Click the Default button to return to the default value Click the Invert button to invert the phase of the audio content Video In Mode Manual Config Proc Video Out Aud Config Aud Input MixerA
12. distances See also Single Mode NTSC The color television encoding system used in North America was originally defined by the National Television Standards Committee This American standard has also been adopted by Canada Mexico Japan Korea and Taiwan This standard is referred to disparagingly as Never Twice Same Color Optical An optical interface between two devices carries data by modulating a light source This light source is typically a laser or laser diode similar to an LED which is turned on and off at the bitrate of the datastream The light is carried from one device to another through a glass fiber The fiber s core acts as a waveguide or lightpipe to carry the light energy from one end to another Optical transmission has two very significant advantages over metallic copper cables Firstly it does not require that the two endpoint devices have any electrical connection to each other This can be very advantageous in large facilities where problems with ground loops appear And secondly and most importantly an optical interface can carry a signal for many kilometers or miles without any degradation or loss in the recovered signal Copper is barely useful at distances of just 1000 feet BrightEye 90 FA Page 37 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Oversampling A technique to perform digital sampling at a multiple of the required sample rate This has the advan
13. if there is any attempt to dissemble or adjust factory set presets without factory authorization Factory Service If you require service under warranty or not please contact Ensemble Designs and ask for Customer Service before you return the unit This will allow the service technician to provide any other suggestions for identifying the problem and recommend possible solutions You may also refer to the technical support section of the Ensemble web site for the latest information on your equipment at the URL below http www ensembledesigns com support If you return equipment for repair please get a Return Material Authorization Number RMA from the factory first Ship the product and a written description of the problem to Ensemble Designs Inc Attention Customer Service RMA 870 Gold Flat Rd Nevada City CA 95959 USA 530 478 1830 Fax 530 478 1832 service ensembledesigns com http www ensembledesigns com Be sure to put your RMA number on the outside of the box BrightEye 90 FA Page 27 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output SPECIFICATIONS Analog Video Input Number One Type Analog Composite PAL or NTSC Resolution Digitized at 12 bits Impedance 75 Return Loss gt 40 dB Input DC 1 volt DC Input Hum lt 100 mV Serial Digital Input Number One Type HD Serial Digital 1 485 Gb s SMPTE 274M 292M 296M or SD Serial Digital 270Mb s
14. the edited state will not be not saved BrightEye 90 FA Page 13 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output USING THE BRIGHTEYE CONTROL APPLICATION The BrightEye PC and BrightEye Mac applications included on CD ROM are designed to allow you to configure and control the BrightEye 90 FA from a personal computer Installation and instructions for using this software application are given in the PDF manual on disk If the BrightEye 90 FA is connected to a computer running this software the following menus are available for controlling and monitoring the unit Video In Input Pres indicates the status of the video input 720p 50 720p 59 94 720p 60 1080i 50 1080i 59 94 10801 60 1080p 25 1080p 23 98 1080p 24 1080sF 25 1080sF 23 98 1080sF 24 No Input or Unknown Captions In indicates the presence of closed captioned material on the input signal None Line 21 CEA 708 The BrightEye 90 FA translates between CEA 608 and CEA 708 standards for closed captioning as needed Ref Source use this control to set the reference input source Video In Ref indicates that the video output will be locked to the incoming video signal Ext Ref indicates that the video output will be locked to the external reference input Reference indicates the status of a reference video presence Ref Mismatch Ref Unlocked Ref TLS Lock No Reference Ref 525 Lock Ref 625 Lock Laser Status
15. 00 l Hor Position Ca em RM o 1 Ver Position BrightEye 90 FA Page 16 X BrightEye 90 FA Config Noise Reduce adjusts the amount of noise reduction on the output signal from Off Low Medium or High The typical setting for this parameter is Off or Low Detail adjusts the amount of picture detail enhancement on the output from Off Low Medium or High The typical setting for this parameter is Off or Low e 32Detect turns the control to detect video that has been converted from film On or Off Use this only for film applications The typical setting for this parameter is Off e Cpst Setup turns Setup on the composite output On or Off 525 only Set this to On if your material has Setup on it e Vert Blanking sets the blanking mode to Narrow lines 1 9 are blanked in NTSC lines 1 6 in PAL or Wide lines 1 20 in NTSC lines 1 22 in PAL e Output Muting set to either Mute On Noise or Off Mute On Noise means that the module will mute the video output output a black signal when the module detects that the video quality is unacceptable Off allows the video to pass through to the output regardless of video quality s Video In Mode Manual peGonfige Proc Video Out Aud Config Aud Input Mixer A Mixer B Audio Out Noise Reduce Detail Low n Off HA 3 2 Detect Off H Cpst Setup Vert Blanking On B Wide Output Muting Mute On Noise 4 BrightEye 90
16. AL composite system Since the U axis is very close to the B Y axis and the V axis is very close to the R Y axis YUV is often used as a sort of shorthand for the more long winded Y R Y B Y Y Cr Cb In digital component video the luminance component is Y and the two color difference signals are Cr R Y and Cb B Y Y Pr Pb In analog component video the image is carried in three components The luminance is Y the R Y color difference signal is Pr and the B Y color difference signal is Pb BrightEye 90 FA Page 41
17. Gain Audio These controls allow for quick adjustment of Gain level for the channel pairs Gain adjustment is done in conjunction with the VU indicators For independent channel adjustment and other controls use BrightEye PC or Mac The indicator illuminates green when the gain for a given audio channel pair is set to nominal or unity setting or red when set to other than unity VU VU output level and the status of the Gain adjustment for each of these channel pairs is indicated by the state the VU and Gain indicators for each of the channel pairs The VU indicator illuminates red when the audio level exceeds the headroom level set by the user using the Peak Indicator control in BrightEye PC or Mac The indicator illuminates green when the gain for a given audio channel pair is set to unity red when set to other than unity or yellow when gain exceeds 0 VU 20dBFS Mon Vol Monitor Volume Illuminates green when monitor volume is set to unity or red when set to other than unity Input Indicates the type of video signal detected on the HD SD SDI Cpst In video input BNC Choices are HD or SD Composite Ref Reference illuminates when a valid reference is detected on the Ref In BNC Output Indicates the type of video signal selected on the HD SD SDI Out BNC Choices are 1080i 720p 1080p 1080sF or SD Laser Illuminates green when an optical signal is detected on the HD SD SDI Optical Out BrightEye 90 FA Page 12
18. SMPTE 259M Impedance 75 Return Loss gt 15 dB Max Cable Length 300 meters for 270 Mb s SD 100 meters for 1 485Gb s HD Automatic Input Cable Equalization Reference Input Number One Type 1 V P P Composite Video PAL or NTSC or Tri Level Sync Impedance 75 Q Return Loss gt 40 dB Analog Video Output Number One Type Composite PAL or NTSC Delay Adjustable from 1 field to 1 frame Return Loss gt 40 dB Output DC 100mV Serial Digital Output Number One Type HD Serial Digital 1 485 Gb s SMPTE 274M 292M 296M or SD Serial Digital 270Mb s SMPTE 259M Delay Adjustable from 1 field to 1 frame Processing 12 and 16 bit Impedance 75 Return Loss gt 15 dB Max Cable Length 300 meters for 270 Mb s SD 100 meters for 1 485Gb s HD Belden 1694A BrightEye 90 FA Page 28 X BrightEye 90 FA HD Standards Supported Analog Audio Inputs Number Type Impedance Maximum Input Level CMRR Quantization Sample Rate Reference Level Frequency Response Crosstalk Dynamic Rang 1080i 50 59 94 or 60 Hz SMPTE 274M 4 5 6 720p 50 59 94 or 60 Hz SMPTE 296M 1 2 3 1080p 23 98 24 or 25 Hz SMPTE 274M 9 10 11 1080sF 23 98 24 or 25 Hz RP211 14 15 16 Eight selectable as inputs or outputs Balanced transformerless gt 15K Q 24 dBu gt 60 dB 20 Hz to 10 KHz 24 bits 128 x Oversampled 48 KHz 10 dBu or 4 dBu 0 1 dBu 20 Hz to 20 KHz 106 dB 2106 dB Analog Audio Outputs Number Type Impedance Maxi
19. ata packet in the vertical interval of the SDI signal and every line of the HD signal which contains a checksum of the entire video frame This checksum is formed by adding up the numerical values of all of the samples in the frame using a complex formula At the destination this same formula is applied to the incoming video and the resulting value is compared to the one included in the transmis sion If they match then the content has all arrived with no errors If they don t then an error has occurred Embedded Audio Digital Audio can be carried along in the same bitstream as an SDI or HD SDI signal by taking advantage of the gaps in the transmission which correspond to the horizontal and vertical intervals of the television waveform This technique BrightEye 90 FA Page 34 X BrightEye 90 FA can be very cost effective in transmission and routing but can also add complexi ty to signal handling issues because the audio content can no longer be treated independently of the video Eye Pattern To analyze a digital bitstream the signal can be displayed visually on an oscilloscope by triggering the horizontal timebase with a clock extracted from the stream Since the bit positions in the stream form a very regular cadence the resulting display will look like an eye an oval with slightly pointed left and right ends It is easy to see from this display if the eye is open with a large central area that is free of negative or pos
20. ay BrightEye 90 FA Page 7 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output SD Aspect Ratio Conversion The BrightEye 90 FA can perform standard definition aspect ratio conversion to convert the aspect ratio of the SD input signal to a different aspect ratio In the example below the input from an SD camera with 16 9 lenses can feed an anamorphic signal to the BrightEye 90 FA where the aspect ratio can be corrected for input to an SD switcher that requires 16 9 Letterbox 16 9 Lenses Letterbox 16 9 SD SDI SD SDI SD SD Camera BE 90 FA Production Aspect Switcher Ratio Conversion Outbound SD SDI Optical Feed 1 TST HD Cross Conversion The BrightEye 90 FA can perform cross conversion between two different types of HD signals As shown here the 1080i input from an HD network feed is sent to the BrightEye 90 FA where the format is converted to 720p as required for input to an HD router Network 1080i BE 90 FA 720p HD Feed Cross Router Conversion Outbound HD 720p Optical Feed ee O_o BrightEye 90 FA Page 8 X BrightEye 90 FA Remote Truck OB Van As shown below the BrightEye 90 FA accepts an SD SDI or HD SDI signal The user sets the unit to the desired output type The BrightEye 90 FA auto senses the input format and determines if it should up down or cross c
21. dB less than the original signal In analog circuits a 40 dB figure is expected RGB RGB systems carry the totality of the picture information as independent Red Green and Blue signals Television is an additive color system where all three components add to produce white Because the luminance or detail information is carried partially in each of the RGB channels all three must be carried at full bandwidth in order to faithfully reproduce an image ScH Phase Used in composite systems ScH Phase measures the relative phase between the leading edge of sync on line 1 of field 1 and a continuous subcarrier sinewave Due to the arithmetic details of both PAL and NTSC this relationship is not the same at the beginning of each frame In PAL the pattern repeats ever 4 frames 8 fields which is also known as the Bruch Blanking sequence In NTSC the repeat is every 2 frames 4 fields This creates enormous headaches in editing systems and the system timing of analog composite facilities SDI Serial Digital Interface This term refers to inputs and outputs of devices that support serial digital component BrightEye 90 FA Page 38 X BrightEye 90 FA video This could refer to standard definition at 270 Mb s HD SDI or High Definition Serial Digital video at 1 485 Gb s or to the newer 3G standard of High Definition video at 2 97 Gb s SMPTE The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a professional organization
22. en a TBC will also function as a Frame Synchronizer See also Frame Sync Time Base Error Time base error is present when there is excessive jitter or uncertainty in the line to line output timing of a video signal This is commonly associated with playback from video tape recorders and is particularly severe with consumer type heterodyne systems like VHS Time base error will render a signal unusable for broadcast or editing purposes Timecode Timecode a method to uniquely identify and label every frame in a video stream has become one of the most recognized standards ever developed by SMPTE It uses a 24 hour clock consisting of hours minutes seconds and television frames Originally recorded on a spare audio track this 2400 baud signal was a significant contributor to the development of video tape editing We now refer to this as LTC or Longitudinal Time Code because it was carried along the edge of the tape This allowed it to be recovered in rewind and fast forward when the picture itself could not Timecode continues to be useful today and is carried in the vertical interval as VITC and as a digital packet as DVITC Timecode is the true metadata BrightEye 90 FA Page 39 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Tri Level Sync For many many years television systems used composite black as a genlock reference source This was a natural evolution from analog systems to digital
23. erence level This pulldown lets you choose between 10 dBu or 4 dBu Audio Delay allows you to set the amount of audio delay from 0 to 1000 mSec Default is 0 mSec Video In Mode Manual Config Proc Video Out Aud Config Aud Input Mixer A Mixer B Audio Out Audio Mode Mux 4 H Dig Ref Level Peak Indicator Anlg Ref Level 20dBFS M4 G6 dBHeadroom 4 dBu H Audio Delay Defaut 4k 0 mSec 4 gt BrightEye 90 FA Page 21 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Aud Input The appearance of this menu will depend on the mode selected and the type of audio used Multiplexer Mode When the module is set for Mux 8 the Input menu provides the controls shown below Group A Status the status of the audio selected in Group A Select will be displayed as No Audio Present Group 1 OK Group 2 OK Group 3 OK or Group 4 OK e Group B Status the status of the audio selected in Group B Select will be displayed as Off No Audio Present Group 1 OK Group 2 OK Group 3 OK or Group 4 OK Group A Select select the audio group to multiplex from Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group B Select select the audio group to multiplex from Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 or Off When the module is set for Mux 4 the Input menu provides the controls shown below Group A Status the status of the audio selec
24. f On enables the test pattern to be sent to the video output Off disables the test pattern from being sent to the video output e HDMI Status reports the status of a monitor or a display connected to the HDMI output No Display DVI Display Unknown HDMI HDMI Non Compat HDMI Native HDMI Compatible Status information comes from the display itself Some displays may not work with the BrightEye 90 FA depending on the formats that the display supports For best results use a display that is HDMI Native e Captions Out use this control to enable or disable closed captioning if present on the input source material On enables closed captioning by continuously transmitting captions including any null or empty caption packets Off disables closed captioning by stripping captions from the source material The BrightEye 90 FA translates between CEA 608 and CEA 708 standards for closed captioning as needed Note that closed captions are not supported for 1080p and 1080sF outputs e Graticule use this control to display on screen graticule lines These alignment markers facilitate film transfer post production and quality control measurements relating to picture location for both the 4 3 and 16 9 aspect ratios Safe Title displays the safe title boxes SD Protect Only displays only the SD Protect area without displaying the safe title boxes Off disables graticules Target use this control to select the monitor on which graticu
25. ion onto a color subcarrier The instantaneous phase of the subcarrier is the color s hue and the amplitude is the color s saturation or intensity This subcarrier is then added onto the existing luminance video signal This trick works because the subcarrier is set at a high enough frequency to leave spectrum for the luminance information But it is not a seamless matter to pull the signal apart again at the destination in order to display it or process it The resultant artifacts of dot crawl also referred to as chroma crawl are only the most obvious result Composite television is the most BrightEye 90 FA Page 33 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output commonly used format throughout the world either as PAL or NTSC It is also referred to as Encoded video Color Difference Color Difference systems take advantage of the details of human vision We have more acuity in our black and white vision than we do in color This means that we need only the luminance information to be carried at full bandwidth we can scrimp on the color channels In order to do this RGB information is converted to carry all of the luminance Y is the black and white of the scene in a single channel The other two channels are used to carry the color difference Noted as B Y and R Y these two signals describe how a particular pixel differs from being purely black and white These channels typically have
26. itive transitions or closed where those transitions are encroaching toward the center In the first case the open eye indicates that recovery of data from the stream can be made reliably and with few errors But in the closed case data will be difficult to extract and bit errors will occur Generally it is jitter in the signal that is the enemy of the eye Frame Sync A Frame Synchronizer is used to synchronize the timing of a video signal to coincide with a timing reference usually a color black signal that is distributed throughout a facility The synchronizer accomplishes this by writing the incoming video into a frame buffer memory under the timing direction of the sync information contained in that video Simultaneously the memory is being read back by a timing system that is genlocked to a house reference As a result the timing or alignment of the video frame can be adjusted so that the scan of the upper left corner of the image is happening simultaneously on all sources This is a requirement for both analog and digital systems in order to perform video effects or switch glitch free in a router Frame synchronization can only be performed within a single television line standard A synchronizer will not convert an NTSC signal to a PAL signal it takes a standards converter to do that Frequency Response A measurement of the accuracy of a system to carry or reproduce a range of signal frequencies Similar to Bandwidth H 264 The
27. latest salvo in the compression wars is H 264 which is also known as MPEG 4 Part 10 MPEG 4 promises good results at just half the bit rate required by MPEG 2 HD High Definition This two letter acronym has certainly become very popular Here we thought it was all about the pictures and the radio industry stole it HDMI The High Definition Multimedia Interface comes to us from the consumer marketplace where it is becoming the de facto standard for the digital interconnect of display devices to audio and video sources It is an uncompressed all digital interface that transmits digital video and eight channels of digital audio HDMI is a bit serial interface that carries the video content in digital component form over multiple twisted pairs HDMI is closely related to the DVI interface for desktop computers and their displays BrightEye 90 FA Page 35 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission provides a wide range of worldwide standards They have provided standardization of the AC power connection to products by means of an IEC line cord The connection point uses three flat contact blades in a triangular arrangement set in a rectangular connector The IEC specification does not dictate line voltage or frequency Therefore the user must take care to verify that a device either has a universal input capable of 90 to 230 volts either
28. le lines are displayed Choices are All Outputs Main Only the unit s output BNCs or fiber outputs or HDMI Only e Hor Flip Horizontal Flip is a special Mirror Output Mode that is useful for flipping the image left to right for use with on screen talent or with prism lens cameras Select On to flip the output image left to right Select Off after Reset to turn Mirror Output Mode off Power down the module and turn it back on for the Off selection to take effect e Color use this control to set the color of the graticule lines Choices are White Gray Black Red Blue and Green Transparency use this control to adjust the transparency of the graticule lines from 0 completely transparent to 100 no transparency NOTE See Video Out diagram on next page BrightEye 90 FA Page 19 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output BrightEye 90 FA Page 20 X BrightEye 90 FA Aud Config Audio Mode selects the mode of the module as Mux 4 4 inputs and 4 outputs Mux 8 8 inputs or Demux 8 outputs Dig Ref Level selects the digital reference level This pulldown lets you choose between 20 dBFS or 18 dBFS Peak Indicator selects the amount of headroom to use in determining peak levels This pulldown lets you chose between Clipping 2 dB Headroom 4 dB Headroom 6 dB Headroom 8 dB Headroom or 10 dB Headroom Anlg Ref Level selects the analog ref
29. mum Output Level Resolution Reference Level Frequency Response Crosstalk Dynamic Range Eight selectable as inputs or outputs Balanced transformerless 30 Q 24 dBu 24 bits 128 x Oversampled 10 dBu or 4 dBu 0 1 dBu 20 Hz to 20 KHz 106 dB gt 106 dB Embedded Output In Serial Output Group Assign Channels Bit Depth Optical Output Number Type Wavelength Power Max Cable Length Fiber Type Connector Two of four groups Sixteen passed 24 Bit One HD Serial Digital 1 485 Gb s SMPTE 274M 292M 296M 297M or SD Serial Digital 270Mb s SMPTE 259M 297M 1310 nm non CWDM 1550 non CWDM by special order 7 dBm 20 km For greater distances or higher power and larger loss budgets please contact the factory Single Mode Multimode compatible with 8 dB attenuation at transmit end SC BrightEye 90 FA Page 29 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Monitor Output Number One Connector HDMI Type Follows SDI out Audio Monitoring Output Number One for monitoring a pair of audio channels Connector 3 5mm stereo mini jack General Specifications Size 5 625 W x 1 7 H x 5 5 D 143 mm x 40 mm x 140 mm including connectors Weight 1 lb 8 oz Power 12 volts 15 watts 100 230 VAC modular power supply not included Temperature Range 0 to 40 C ambient Relative Humidity 0 to 95 non condensing Due to ongoing product develo
30. ng the Enter key on your computer On the right hand side of the control are Output Bus Ch Assign buttons These buttons control which analog output channel the audio channels are mapped to The Tie function is used for stereo operation where gain of a pair of channels is usually desired to be the same Selecting the Tie button in Input Ch 5 or Input Ch 6 will tie the two controls together Selecting the Tie button in Input Ch 7 or Input Ch 8 will tie the controls for these channels together Click the Default button to return to the default value Click the Invert button to invert the phase of the audio content Video In Mode Manual Config Proc Video Out Aud Config Aud Input Mixer A MixerB Audio Out Output 5 Output 6 Output 7 Output 8 Peak VU Peak VU Peak VU Peak VU Input Ch 5 Input Ch 6 Input Ch 7 Input Ch 8 A A A A 3 7 dB 3 7 v dB 0 dB 0 v dB Output Bus Output Bus Output Bus Output Bus Ch Assign Ch Assign Ch Assign Ch Assign Bie EHI 3 4 Lil EE Lik s E B 5 Je Tie Tie Default Invert _ Default Invert Default Invert Default Invert BrightEye 90 FA Page 25 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Audio Out e Mon Assign choose the audio pair that you want to send to the Audio Monitor headphone jack Choices are Chan 1 2 Chan 3 4 Chan 5 6 Chan 7 8 Chan 9 10 Chan 11 12 Chan 13 14 Chan
31. nt from artifacts The RF aspects of the electrical performance of the SDI inputs and outputs have been carefully optimized for reliable and dependable SDI I O performance even under adverse conditions Input signals are upsampled to 4 4 4 spatial resolution in RGB colorspace and adaptively de interlaced This enables all of the geometrical conversions of the image to be performed in the Progressive domain This enhancement to the temporal resolution of the image is a key contributor to final image quality even if the final output is interlaced The colorspace and geometrical conversions of the signal are performed at up to 16 bits of resolution The final output signal is built from this intermediate progressive workspace which is the most uncompromised version of the image possible It provides the best possible starting point from which to create the final output signal BrightEye 90 FA Page 5 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output APPLICATIONS HD Upconversion 1 The BrightEye 90 FA can upconvert SD video from many different source types As shown in the example below the SD ingest signal from a satellite is fed to a BrightEye 90 FA where it is upconverted to feed an HD Master Control Switcher The optical output can be sent to the fiber backhaul HD Master SD SDI HD SDI MN Signal In NENNEN Control Switcher BE 90 FA Upconversion L Optical O
32. onfigured as Demux the four Phoenix connectors are outputs When configured as Mux 4 two Phoenix connectors are inputs and two Phoenix connectors are outputs Each Phoenix connector is fitted with a pluggable terminal block that accepts bare wire leads Wires can be inserted into the small round holes Depress the orange tab to release them OPERATION Control and operation of the BrightEye 90 FA is performed from the front panel or remotely from a networked PC with the BrightEye PC or BrightEye Mac Control application NOTE Some control settings are only available with BrightEye PC or Mac These parameters cannot be monitored or controlled from the front panel BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter with Analog Audio ENSEMBLE E d ae DESIGNS SS SS jo Soo BrightEye 90 FA Front Panel Front Panel Controls and Indicators The front panel of the BrightEye 90 FA shown above provides status and control indicators for the unit BrightEye 90 FA Page 11 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Status Indicators The following status indicators are provided on the front panel Embed In Illuminates green when an embedded audio stream is detected on the HD SD SDI Cpst In video input BNC This applies only to SDI signals Audio Mode Indicates the currently selected audio I O mode Choices are Mux 4 4 inputs and 4 outputs Mux 8 8 inputs or Demux 8 outputs
33. only half the bandwidth of the luminance Decibel dB The decibel is a unit of measure used to express the ratio in the amplitude or power of two signals A difference of 20 dB corresponds to a 10 1 ratio between two signals 6 dB is approximately a 2 1 ration Decibels add while the ratios multiply so 26 dB is a 20 1 ratio and 14 dB is a 5 1 ratio There are several special cases of the dB scale where the reference is implied Thus dBm refers to power relative to 1 milliwatt and dBu refers to voltage relative to 775V RMS The original unit of measure was the Bel 10 times bigger named after Alexander Graham Bell dBFS In Digital Audio systems the largest numerical value that can be represented is referred to as Full Scale No values or audio levels greater than FS can be reproduced because they would be clipped The nominal operating point roughly corresponding to 0 VU must be set below FS in order to have headroom for audio peaks This operating point is described relative to FS so a digital reference level of 20 dBFS has 20 dB of headroom before hitting the FS clipping point DVI Digital Visual Interface DVI I integrated provides both digital and analog con nectivity The larger group of pins on the connector are digital while the four pins on the right are analog EDH Error Detection and Handling is a method to verify proper reception of an SDI or HD SDI signal at the destination The originating device inserts a d
34. onvert the signal based on the user s output format selection In this example the BrightEye 90 FA is set to output HD 720p If the incoming signal is 720p the signal simply passes to the output If the incoming signal is 1080i the unit cross converts the signal and outputs 720p If the incoming signal is SD SDI the unit upconverts the signal and outputs HD 720p HD SDI Remote Truck 720p electrical on BNC BE 90 FA OB Van HD SDI 720p optical Any Format HD or SD SDI BrightEye 90 FA Page 9 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output REAR CONNECTORS All connections to the BrightEye 90 FA are made on the rear of the unit Refer to the photo below BrightEye 90 FA Rear Connectors Power Connection Connect a modular power supply to the 12 volt DC power input connection on the far left of the unit Use the locking ring to secure it USB Connector Connect a PC to the USB connector to enable more comprehensive control diagnostics and upgrades to the BrightEye 90 FA Use the BrightEye PC or BrightEye Mac application included on CD ROM to make adjustments as described in the OPERATION section of this user guide HDMI Out Connect an LCD monitor to this port for confidence monitoring of a video feed HD SD SDI Optical Out This output is an HD or SD SDI signal with embedded audio It is the same signal that is on the electrical HD SD SDI O
35. pment all specifications subject to change BrightEye 90 FA Page 30 X BrightEye 90 FA BRIGHTEYE POWER SUPPLY INFORMATION Below is a list of power supplies and optional items that may have come with your BrightEye BEPS BrightEye Individual Power Supply BEPS6 Spider Power Supply This powers 6 single high BrightEyes or 3 double high BrightEyes BEPS6 RP Redundant Power Supply for Spider BERKMT BrightEye Rack Mount This holds 6 single high BrightEyes or 3 double high BrightEyes or a combination BEBP BrightEye Blank Panel Single high for empty slots in Rack Mount BEAC Analog Audio Breakout Cable BrightEye 90 FA Page 31 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output GLOSSARY AES EBU The digital audio standard defined as a joint effort of the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcast Union AES EBU or AESS describes a serial bitstream that carries two audio channels thus an AES stream is a stereo pair The AES EBU standard covers a wide range of sample rates and quantizations bit depths In television systems these will generally be 48 KHz and either 20 or 24 bits AFD Active Format Description is a method to carry information regarding the aspect ratio of the video content The specification of AFD was standardized by SMPTE in 2007 and is now beginning to appear in the marketplace AFD can be included in both SD and HD SDI transport system
36. r to the algorithms that originally made the real time compression and decompression of television possible Today there are many variations of these techniques and the term MPEG has to some extent become a broad generic label Metadata This word comes from the Greek meta means beyond or after When used as a prefix to data it can be thought of as data about the data In other words the metadata in a data stream tells you about that data but it is not the data itself In the television industry this word is sometimes used correctly when for example we label as metadata the timecode which accompanies a video signal That timecode tells you something about the video i e when it was shot but the timecode in and of itself is of no interest But in our industry s usual slovenly way in matters linguistic the term metadata has also come to be used to describe data that is associated with the primary video in a datastream So embedded audio will incorrectly be called metadata when it tells us nothing at all about the pictures Oh well Multi mode Multi mode fibers have a larger diameter core than single mode fibers either 50 or 62 5 microns compared to 9 microns and a correspondingly larger aperture It is much easier to couple light energy into a multi mode fiber but internal reflections will cause multiple modes of the signal to propagate down the fiber This will degrade the ability of the fiber to be used over long
37. reams Up to sixteen channels of embedded audio are supported Audio mixing is available for two of the four embedded audio groups The analog audio ports can be configured for eight channels of audio input eight channels of audio output or four in four out The rear panel HDMI output connector is compatible with many LCD monitors and allows confidence monitoring of signal feeds Basic controls are accessed on the front panel BrightEye PC and BrightEye Mac Control applications provide access to video processing functions input and output and audio mixer controls that are not available from the front panel FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION As shown in the diagram that follows when a high definition or standard definition serial digital video input is fed to the BrightEye 90 FA the signal enters the serial digital receiver and is frame synchronized to the reference input Audio is disembedded and passed around the video processing Alternately when analog composite video is fed to BrightEye 90 FA the analog video is converted at 14 bits of resolution to digital YCrCb components 601 The signal is frame synchronized to the reference input then fed to the upconverter Processing for upconversion downconversion dross conversion and aspect ratio conversion is done at 12 and 16 bits Aspect ratio of the video output is selectable between Anamorphic Pillar Box Letter Box or Crop It can also be set manually if desired External audio can be in
38. s There is no legacy analog implemen tation See WSS ASI A commonly used transport method for MPEG video streams ASI or Asynchronous Serial Interface operates at the same 270 Mb s data rate as SD SDI This makes it easy to carry an ASI stream through existing digital television infrastructure Known more formally as DVB ASI this transport mechanism can be used to carry multiple program channels Aspect Ratio The ratio of the vertical and horizontal measurements of an image 4 3 is the aspect ratio for standard definition video formats and television and 16 9 for high definition Converting formats of unequal ratios is done by letterboxing horizontal bars or pillar boxing vertical pillars in order to keep the original format s aspect ratio Bandwidth Strictly speaking this refers to the range of frequencies i e the width of the band of frequency used by a signal or carried by a transmission channel Generally wider bandwidth will carry and reproduce a signal with greater fidelity and accuracy Beta Sony Beta SP video tape machines use an analog component format that is similar to SMPTE but differs in the amplitude of the color difference signals It may also carry setup on the luminance channel Bit A binary digit or bit is the smallest amount of information that can be stored or transmitted digitally by electrical optical magnetic or other means A single bit can take on one of two states On Off Low High A
39. sed to mean ONLY color difference component formats SMPTE or Beta and other times to include RGB format In any case a CAV signal will always require 3 connectors either Y R Y B Y or R G B Checkfield A Checkfield signal is a special test signal that stresses particular aspects of serial digital transmission The performance of the Phase Locked Loops PLLs in an SDI receiver must be able to tolerate long runs of 0 s and 1 s Under normal conditions only very short runs of these are produced due to a scrambling algorithm that is used The Checkfield also referred to as the Pathological test signal will undo the scrambling and cause extremely long runs to occur This test signal is very useful for testing transmission paths Chroma The color or chroma content of a signal consisting of the hue and saturation of the image See also Color Difference Component In a component video system the totality of the image is carried by three separate but related components This method provides the best image fidelity with the fewest artifacts but it requires three independent transmission paths cables The commonly used component formats are Luminance and Color Difference Y Pr Pb and RGB It was far too unwieldy in the early days of color television to even consider component transmission Composite Composite television dates back to the early days of color transmission This scheme encodes the color difference informat
40. serted into the SDI stream or replace existing embedded audio There are four analog audio Phoenix connectors that can be used for input or output There are 3 ways to configure the audio ports Mux 8 where all connectors are configured as 8 input channels Mux 4 where there are 4 input channels and 4 outputs channels and Demux 8 where the all connectors are configured as 8 output channels Audio level adjustment and channel mixing is provided All 16 channels of audio are passed through Audio is passed around the video processing in order to preserve lip sync Audio is embedded into the video stream prior to output Of the sixteen channels of audio you can select one pair to monitor through the Audio Monitor headphone jack by making a selection from the Mon Assign control on the Audio Out menu The HDMI output provides confidence monitoring of the same signal that is on the two SDI outputs When SD SDI is present on the SDI outputs composite video will be present on the composite output BNC BrightEye 90 FA Page 2 X BrightEye 90 FA BrightEye 90 FA is powered by a 12 volt DC universal power supply This power supply can accept an input voltage between 100 and 230 volts at 50 or 60 Hertz It uses a standard IEC line cord and can be used anywhere in the world It is normal for the converter to be quite warm to the touch when operating For your reference see the functional block diagram of the BrightEye 90 FA on this page and the nex
41. sserted Deasserted etc It is represented numerically by the numerals 1 one and 0 zero A byte containing 8 bits can represent 256 different states The binary number 11010111 for example has the value of 215 in our base 10 numbering system When a value is carried digitally each additional bit of resolution will double the number of different states that can be represented Systems that operate with a greater BrightEye 90 FA Page 32 X BrightEye 90 FA number of bits of resolution or quantization will be able to capture a signal with more detail or fidelity Thus a video digitizer with 12 bits of resolution will capture 4 times as much detail as one with 10 bits Blanking The Horizontal and Vertical blanking intervals of a television signal refer to the time periods between lines and between fields No picture information is transmitted during these times which are required in CRT displays to allow the electron beam to be repositioned for the start of the next line or field They are also used to carry synchronizing pulses which are used in transmission and recovery of the image Although some of these needs are disappearing the intervals themselves are retained for compatibility purposes They have turned out to be very useful for the transmission of additional content such as teletext and embedded audio CAV Component Analog Video This is a convenient shorthand form but it is subject to confusion It is sometimes u
42. t page The diagram appears twice first in a portrait view then larger as a landscape view Composite or Tri Level Ref In HD SD SDI Out SDI Driver I __ 6 HD SDI SD SDI Composite Video In HD SD SDI 9 Up Down Cross Audio Mux Optical Out Conversion Laser Fiber Driver Composite Out Composite Balanced ird 6 Analog Audio Inputs HDMI Out Xmtr IIR enm Headphone Processing Jack SS Monitor mmm Balanced onggo Audio Outputs Ch 1 2 Ch 3 4 Audio I O selectable as Mux 8 8 inputs or Mux 4 4 in 4 out or Demux 8 outputs Ch 5 6 Ch 7 8 Provides embedded pass through of all 16 audio channels BrightEye 90 FA Functional Block Diagram portrait view BrightEye 90 FA Page 3 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output M9IA edeospue weibeig x20 g jeuonoung v4 06 eAaiuDug sjeuueup oipne 9 e Jo u6noJu ssed pappaquua sepi o4d M C00 SIUS s nd no g xnwaq JO NO Y U p y XNW DIEI 10 Sjndui g g XNW 9 S 4D se 9 qe329 s5s O OlPNY BUD mmm s ES EE E es T L YD
43. tage of raising the Nyquist Rate the maximum frequency which can be reproduced by a given sample rate much higher than the desired passband This allows more easily realized anti aliasing filters PAL During the early days of color television in North America European broadcasters developed a competing system called Phase Alternation by Line This slightly more complex system is better able to withstand the differential gain and phase errors that appear in amplifiers and transmission systems Engineers at the BBC claim that it stands for Perfection At Last Pathological Test Pattern see Checkfield Progressive An image scanning technique which progresses through all of the lines in a frame in a single pass Computer monitors all use progressive displays This contrasts to the interlace technique common to television systems Return Loss An idealized input or output circuit will exactly match its desired impedance generally 75 ohms as a purely resistive element with no reactive capacitive or inductive elements In the real world we can only approach the ideal So our real inputs and outputs will have some capacitance and inductance This will create impedance matching errors especially at higher frequencies The Return Loss of an input or output measures how much energy is returned reflected back due to the impedance mismatch For digital circuits a return loss of 15 dB is typical This means that the energy returned is 15
44. tal audio products were interconnected with a massive parallel connector carrying a twisted pair for every bit in the digital audio word A clock signal which is a square wave at the audio sampling frequency is carried on a 75 ohm coaxial cable Early systems would daisychain this 44 1 or 48 kilohertz clock from one device to another with coax cable and Tee connectors On the rising edge of this Work Clock these twisted pairs would carry the left channel while on the falling edge they would carry the right channel In most television systems using digital audio the audio sample clock frequency and hence the genlock between the audio and video worlds is derived from the video genlock signal But products that are purely audio with no video reference capability may still require Word Clock WSS Wide Screen Signaling is used in the PAL 625 video standards both in analog and digital form to convey information about the aspect ratio and format of the transmitted signal Carried in the vertical interval much like closed captioning it can be used to signal a television receiver to adjust its vertical or horizontal sizing to reflect incoming material Although an NTSC specification for WSS exists it never achieved any traction in the marketplace BrightEye 90 FA Page 40 X BrightEye 90 FA YUV Strictly speaking YUV does not apply to component video The letters refer to the Luminance Y and the U and V encoding axes using in the P
45. ted in Group A Select will be displayed as No Audio Present Group 1 OK Group 2 OK Group 3 OK or Group 4 OK Group A Select select the audio group to multiplex from Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Demultiplexer Mode When the module is set for Demux the Input menu provides the controls shown below e Group A Status the status of the audio selected in Group A Select will be displayed as No Audio Present Group 1 OK Group 2 OK Group 3 OK or Group 4 OK e Group B Status the status of the audio selected in Group B Select will be displayed as Off No Audio Present Group 1 OK Group 2 OK Group 3 OK or Group 4 OK e Group A Select select the audio group to demultiplex from Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group B Select select the audio group to demultiplex from Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 or Off NOTE See Audio Input diagram on next page BrightEye 90 FA Page 22 X BrightEye 90 FA BrightEye 90 FA Page 23 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Mixer A Use the Mixer A and Mixer B menus to control the audio mixing and shuffling of the module Each output bus assignment will be indicated by a green box For Channels 1 4 use the Mixer A menu as follows Outputs 1 4 provides Peak VU status with the same methodology as the front panel VU indicators but on a per channel basis rather than per channel pair
46. to set the aspect ratio SD ARC use this control to set the desired output aspect ratio when aspect ratio converting between 4 3 and 16 9 Anamorphic Letter 16 9 Letter 14 9 Letter 13 9 Pillar Crop Sides 75 Crop Sides 84 Crop Top Bot Manual When Manual is selected use the Manual menu to set the aspect ratio VideoIn Mede Manual i Config Proc i Video Out i Aud Config Aud input Mixer A i Mixer B Audio Out Mode Format Upconvert HD 1080i FA Up Down Pillar Box HH Letter Box 16 9 HD Cross SD ARC Anamorphic Anamorphic BrightEye 90 FA Page 15 BrightEye 90 FA HD Up Down Cross Converter and ARC with Analog Audio and Optical Output Manual e Width sets the aspect ratio width in percent range is 30 to 145 default is 100 Height sets the aspect ratio height in percent range is 30 to 140 default is 100 e Hor Position sets the horizontal position of the output range is 100 to 100 default is 0 e Ver Position sets the vertical position of the output range is 100 to 100 default is 0 Make adjustments by clicking and dragging the slider controls by using the up and down arrow buttons or by entering a value directly into the field Click the Default buttons to return settings to their default values Video In Mode Manual Config Proc Video Out Aud Config Aud input Mixer A Mixer B Audio Out Width Defaut 100 l Height Defaut a 1
47. ut to Fiber Backhaul House Reference HD Upconversion 2 Standard definition cameras and other SD gear can be used with an upconverter such as BrightEye 90 FA Leverage existing SD equipment by upconverting for HD production As shown below a standard definition camera is fed to a BrightEye 90 FA The HD output of the BrightEye is fed to a production switcher and on to a projector The HDMI out provides confidence monitoring of the camera SD SDI c it BE 90 FA HD SDI HD SD Camera 2 Pose Upconversion Production Projector HDMI Switcher LCD Display BrightEye 90 FA Page 6 X BrightEye 90 FA HD Downconversion 1 As shown in the example below the HD ingest signal from a satellite is fed to a BrightEye 90 FA where it is downconverted to feed an SD Master Control Switcher The optical output can be sent to the fiber backhaul SD SDI SD Master MA Signal In mooo Control Switcher BE 90 FA Downconversion CL Optical Out to Fiber Backhaul House Reference HD Downconversion 2 As shown in the example below the BrightEye 90 FA can be used to downconvert material originated in HD The BrightEye 90 FA can output signals to feed a server video monitor and HDMI display simultaneously HD SDI BE 90 FA E Server HD Camera Dowiconversi n Composite Monitor LCD Displ
48. ut BNC Audio Monitor Connect a headset to this 3 5 mm mini jack to monitor the pair of audio channels selected from the Mon Assign control on the Audio Out menu Input Output BNCs There are four rear BNC connectors used as inputs and outputs as follows HD SD SDI Out This BNC outputs a timed HD or SD SDI video signal with embedded audio Cpst Out This BNC outputs a timed analog composite NTSC or PAL video signal Composite Output is only present when an SD SDI signal is present on the HD SD SDI Out BNC BrightEye 90 FA Page 10 X BrightEye 90 FA HD SD SDUCpst In This BNC input accepts an analog composite video signal an HD SDI serial digital video signal or an SD SDI serial digital video signal with or without embedded audio External analog audio can be inserted into the SDI input stream or replace existing embedded audio Ref In This BNC accepts an analog composite video signal or Tri Level Sync signal which is used as the genlock and timing reference for the internal Frame Synchronizer Typically the reference signal is Color Black or Color Bars fed from a master sync generator such as the BrightEye 55 Analog Audio Connectors The four Phoenix connectors are either analog audio inputs or outputs depending on how the unit is configured Mux 8 Mux 4 or Demux Each connector inputs or outputs 2 channels of audio 1 pair When the unit is configured as Mux 8 the four Phoenix connectors are inputs When c
49. which has done tremendous work in setting standards for both the film and television industries The term SMPTE is also shorthand for one particular component video format luminance and color difference Single Mode A Single mode or mono mode optical fiber carries an optical signal on a very small diameter 9 micron core surrounded with cladding The small diameter means that no internally reflected lightwaves will be propagated Thus only the original mode of the signal passes down the fiber A single mode fiber used in an optical SDI system can carry a signal for up to 20 kilometers Single mode fibers require particular care in their installation due to the extremely small optical aperture that they present at splice and connection points See also Multi mode TBC A Time Base Corrector is a system to reduce the Time Base Error in a signal to acceptable levels It accomplishes this by using a FIFO First In First Out memory The incoming video is written into the memory using its own jittery timing This operation is closely associated with the actual digitization of the analog signal because the varying position of the sync timing must be mimicked by the sampling function of the analog to digital converter A second timing system genlocked to a stable reference is used to read the video back out of the memory The memory acts as a dynamically adjusting delay to smooth out the imperfections in the original signal s timing Very oft
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