Electronic publishing system
Contents
1. 4 When a newspaper embarks on a re design this is costly and lengthy process where an entirely new design is invented and then brought into practice The nature of this typically requires the change to be all or nothing There are extreme difficulties in re training existing staff in preparation for this The present invention removes the hassle since the design team can simply set up a new alternative database During the design stage this also allows them to carry out considerable real life testing experimentation Then when it is ready for use the newspaper simply switches over night to the new data base All that is required is a brief under 1 hour familiarisation briefing for the layout editors or perhaps a short written overview of the changes 5 Provides consistency of style and flavour of publication to readers 6 In many cases more efficient filling of newsholes I claim 1 A method for preparing a publication comprising the steps of storing in a database a plurality of layout families each representing a different format for elements of a newshole each layout family including a plurality of layout children which pertain to newsholes of respec tively different sizes storing resizing expressions that are respectively associ ated with said layout children and which specify geo metric relationships between elements of a newshole for an associated layout child US 6 589 292 B1 13 desi2. centre or right point for horizontal positions Secondly this may be specified as being relative to the top middle bottom or left centre right as the case may be position of the nomi nated reference element or layout Thus the vertical position of the picture described above would be specified not just as being relative to the position of the headline It would additionally be defined as the top middle or bottom point of the picture is relative to the top middle or bottom of the headline Using these Resizing Expressions the inventors have found that virtually any desired relationship can be easily and quickly defined and that as a result virtually any resizing effect can be achieved As an example a layout may contain a headline at the top over three columns say with three individual columns of body text underneath At the top of the second column of body text but still underneath the headline may sit a small picture see FIG 2 Using these Resizing Expressions it would be possible to specify that The headline will continue to stretch the full width of the layout its vertical size and vertical and horizontal posi tion do not need to change but its width could be specified as either proportional to the layout s width or a fixed difference from the layout s width since in this case both expressions would have the same result Thus if the layout was made wider the headline would continue to stretch acro
3. mathematical and or logical expression which will be used to calculate a new value when the layout is resized For example the user might specify a picture s depth to be 50 of the newshole depth plus 2 cm Each of these expressions may be applied completely independently to an element s width depth horizontal US 6 589 292 B1 7 position or vertical position In each case with the exception of the manually entered expressions the specific values used for proportional or fixed difference calculation are deduced from those values present in the layout as currently drawn In each case the relationship may be specified as being relative to any other element in the layout or to the dimensions of the layout itself For example the publication may define the vertical position of a picture in a certain Child as being a fixed difference relative to the position of a headline The width or depth of an element may be specified relative to any other element s or the layout s width or depth using proportional or fixed difference calculations or using a specified expression or none A Maximum limit may also be placed on an element s width or depth which will not be exceeded The horizontal or vertical position value of an element has additional options First the reference point of the position may be specified as being the element s top middle or bottom point for vertical positions or its left
4. of Family for purposes described later Description of Resizing Expressions The Resizing Expressions allow relationships to be defined between the various elements of a layout Child or Cousin such as the headline subheading pictures captions bylines body text and so on These relationships are defined using a dialog box within the application a small on screen window opened via a menu bar or other command that presents various options to the user The options available allow the publication to define for any element one of four different types of relationship A proportional relationship In this case the proportion is deduced from that which currently exists For example a picture may already occupy 60 of the depth of the total layout specifying its depth to remain proportional would maintain the picture at 60 of the total layout depth even if the layout is subsequently resized A fixed difference relationship In this case the software measures the actual difference between two values and maintains that For example a picture may be 5 cm 2 inches shorter than the total layout specifying its depth to remain a fixed difference from the layout s depth would maintain the picture at 5 cm less than the layout s depth even if the layout is resized No relationship The specified value does not change Aspecified expression or algorithm which the user enters In this case the user may enter a
5. the existing arrangements for the design and style of a newspaper to change over a period of time due to changing interpretation of how it should be applied and or a build up of a series of minor styles inaccuracies Although this change may be subtle and may occur over a period of a number of years any change is often noticed by readers of the newspaper with possible negative effects on the readership of the newspaper 3 A layout although it may be creatively faithful to the design guidelines may be inefficient in its usage of space resulting in expensive wastage of space and or less news being put in the paper 4 Computer systems are available with electronic tools that facilitate the building of layouts However these sys 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 tems will require the layout to be constructed manually using those tools which is labour intensive and time consuming In addition these systems provide little or no guidance on the paper s style and do not assist the layout operator in determining how layouts should be designed They merely permit the layout operator to build the layout once the operator has personally determined what should be built USS Pat No 5 390 354 and GB 2 246 102 disclose how newsholes can be arranged to fill a given area such as a page However they could not be used to generate the newsholes themselves U S Pat No 4 829 470 U S Pat
6. No 5 287 443 U S Pat No 5 113 488 U S Pat No 4 755 955 and U S Pat No 5 079 724 all relate to different aspects of manipulating type and or images to fit a given shape These disclosures do not reach the concept of publication design rules and they would not assist in any way in actually helping to build or determine the newshole design These inventions address mechanical problems that may arise once it becomes nec essary to pour text and or images into those shapes to fill them up TERMINOLOGY The publishing industry suffers from a lack of standard terms to describe common features of the trade jargon varies widely not just from country to country but even between publishing houses To clarify the present disclosure this brief glossary notes what we have used certain key terms to mean Page This term is standard but may sometimes be con fused with newshole described next A page refers to the physical printed page or some representation of it such as a paper or electronic dummy page which is used for planning and preparing the printed version Design Refers to the graphical rules or guidelines that govern how elements such as headlines pictures and text should be used to construct newsholes including the number and type of elements which may or may not be used in certain circumstances the size and position of those ele ments in each case direction on suitable typography and usage of other graphic d
7. US006589292B1 a United States Patent 10 Patent No US 6 589 292 B1 Langford Wilson 45 Date of Patent Jul 8 2003 54 ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING SYSTEM 5 214 755 A 5 1993 Mason w seeecssesseeeeenees 707 520 5 241 624 A 8 1993 Torres 75 Inventor Alistair Langford Wilson Abbotsford 5 287 443 A 2 1994 Mameda et al AU 5 323 312 A 6 1994 Saito et al 5 390 354 A 2 1995 de Heus et al 5 425 138 A 6 1995 Kumakawa 707 510 73 Assignee Cybergraphic Systems Ltd AU 5 434 961 A 7 1995 Horiuchi et al A 5 475 805 A 12 1995 Murat Notice Subject to any disclaimer the term of this 5 517 621 A 5 1996 maa al patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5 555 362 A 9 1996 Yamashita et al U S C 154 b by 0 days 5 633 996 A 5 1997 Hayashi et al ec 707 513 5 649 216 A 7 1997 Sieber wee eee 707 506 This patent is subject to a terminal dis 5 678 039 A 10 1997 Hinks et al claimer 5 742 837 A 4 1998 Fukui et al 5 953 733 A 9 1999 Langford Wilson 707 517 21 Appl No 09 277 736 cited by examiner 22 Filed Mar 29 1999 Primary Examiner Stephen S Hong 74 Alt Agent Firm B D Swecker amp Related U S Application Data None TER A RTE some EEN 62 Division of application No 08 667 699 filed on Jun 21 57 ABSTRACT 1996 now Pat No 5 953 733 30 Foreign Application Priority Data The present invention has application in electronic and gn APP y printed media such as n
8. e layout application the present invention may work with many different layout applications but typically this would involve graphically drawing a box to indicate the desired width and depth of the total layout The specified size of the layout is known as the target size The layout editor may then invoke the present invention as it is embodied in a computer application using a menu bar or other computer command This will open a separate computer window If the layout application system being used in conjunction with the present invention is able to tell the present invention which Section the current page belongs to the present invention will by default select that Section If not or if the current Section s layouts are not actually desired the user may select a Section manually With the desired Section specified the user selects a Layout Style The possibilities as defined in the database are listed in the present invention s window When this is done the present invention reads the size of the target layout notes the Section and the Layout Style requested and searches for Families within the Section Style which contain Children whose minimum size is smaller than or equal to the target s and whose maximum size is equal to or greater than the target s Because of the restriction that each Child within a Family must have a unique size width depth combination only one Child can be selected from within each Fa
9. e of a newspaper is often considered critical for a number of reasons For example it has great bearing on the newspaper s appeal to different readers such as large heavy headlines in a tabloid or smaller dignified headlines in a quality broadsheet The readers are attracted to buy the paper and this obviously helps to determine that paper s market Designs also serve the pur pose of giving the newspaper a unique or distinct look so that they are distinguished from their competitors For these reasons very often newspapers spend considerable time effort and money on determining their design style Currently in many publishing environments the design of a newspaper is controlled by only a few people and is communicated often verbally from one person to another These people may or may not also be responsible for laying out the newspaper that is implementing their own design but typically layout is performed by people who did not determine the design style but who must learn it and implement it as faithfully as possible As a result a number of problems and issues may and do arise with newspaper layout 1 It is possible for the design to be implemented incor rectly in some cases due to a misunderstanding or ignorance of its requirements or pressure of workload or lack of skill by the layout operator This may result in a glaring and undesirable deviation from style 2 It is possible under
10. ermore its database of stored layouts provides a con venient means of translating layouts between one appli cation and another so that a database of layouts designed for use with one layout application can easily be con verted to work with any other layout application A function is provided whereby a particular Section Layout Style Family can be assigned or mapped to a hot key a key on a keyboard designated to carry out a particular computer command This functions as a sort of computer shorthand It allows a certain style or type of layout to be assigned and then employed by a single command In this case it might not be necessary for the user to open the present invention s window and make any selections the user could simply define a target and 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 10 press the key assigned to a Section Style Family the present invention would then automatically search that Family for the correct Child and fill in the layout effec tively with a one shot command or of no target was defined it would place the Head of Family Child for that Section Style Family onto the page A function is provided whereby a user may select on the page a layout which was already created using the present invention and then cycle through alternative layouts In this case the alternative layouts are selected from with the Section Style as the current layou
11. evices such as borders and colour Newshole We have used this term to describe a compo nent of a page such as a story or advertisement typically we use it to mean story as in editorial reference but conceptually advertisement also fits A newshole refers to a portion of a page which portion has been used for a common purpose or means such a presenting a story A page may contain one or many newsholes which are usually discrete from each other A newshole may itself be com prised of several elements a story may contain headlines pictures and text which together make up the newshole for that story Layout Refers to the way these design guidelines are implemented and actually put into practice in any particular instance Layout or newshole Element This refers to the indi vidual elements within a newshole such as headlines pictures graphics text captions and so on Thus pages contain newsholes newsholes contain elements and Design is the rules and Layout is the imple mentation of the design SUMMARY OF INVENTION The present invention seeks to alleviate at least one problem associated with the prior art US 6 589 292 B1 3 The present invention provides a system apparatus and or method of preparing or editing text for publishing in which a newshole is filled in accordance with a design and resizing of the newshole takes place if the fit is not in accordance with predetermined criteria Adva
12. ewspapers magazines and computer Jun 22 1995 AU neesessesessesesesssreesesssserresesesesess PN3742 text systems The present invention relates to a mechanism by which text and images for publishing can be prepared s r a Petey erg eee Ty oe and or edited The invention has particular application in the 58 Field of Search cece 707 500 501 1 707 513 517 530 56 References Cited U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 4 755 955 A 7 1988 Kimura et al 4 829 470 A 5 1989 Wang 5 079 724 A 1 1992 Shiraki et al 5 113 488 A 5 181 162 A 5 1992 1 1993 Bischel et al Smith et al layout of newsholes The present application discloses an electronic media pub lishing system comprising a data base in which there is stored inter alia a layout style a layout family layout children and layout cousins There is also disclosed a method of preparing a layout of information in which a newshole is selected and resized if necessary in accordance with user definable rules 4 Claims 5 Drawing Sheets The head goes up the top PICTURE CAPTION over two complete lines U S Patent Jul 8 2003 Sheet 1 of 5 US 6 589 292 B1 Head goes at the top aver three lines Head goes at the very top over two full lines PICTURE Fig 2 U S Patent Jul 8 2003 Sheet 2 of 5 US 6 589 292 B1 PICTURE U S Patent Jul 8 2003 Sheet 3 of 5 US 6 589 292 B1 Head goes at the top over three full lines but itis very diffic
13. gnating a target size for a newshole searching said database and selecting layout children whose associated sizes correspond to said target size resizing each of the selected layout children in accordance with the stored expressions to fit the target size displaying the formats for the selected layout children designating one of the displayed formats and generating a newshole in accordance with the designated format 2 The method of claim 1 wherein the children within a family respectively pertain to mutually exclusive ranges of sizes in at least one geometric dimension 3 An electronic publishing system for preparation of one or more publications including a database storing a plurality of layout families each layout family representing a different format for ele ments of a newshole and including a plurality of layout children which pertain to newsholes of respectively different sizes the database further storing resizing expressions that are respectively associated with said 10 15 20 14 layout children and which specify geometric relation ships between elements of a newshole for an associated layout child means for designating a target size for a newshole means for searching said database and selecting layout children whose associated sizes correspond to said target size means for resizing each of the selected layouts in accor dance with the stored expressions to fit said target size a display w
14. he default Section was not correct the layout editor would select the correct one from a list The application would then display layouts appropriate to the size of the drawn target one layout Child from each Family within the selected Layout Style excepting any Families that do not have suitably sized Children The layout editor would expect to see a series of graphical thumbnails each showing a layout If the layouts in FIGS 1 3 had been stored as Children in a Family within the News stories with small pictures style and the target was of sufficient size the layout in FIG 3 would be shown in one of the thumbnails The layout editor would then simply select that layout and the present invention would instruct or direct the underlying application to draw the completed layout into the target on the page This would complete the layout operation Notice the layout was completed in only a few simple steps that 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 12 throughout the process the layout editor was guided as to what the suitable layouts might be and that the final construction was fully automated Example Benefits 1 Much faster to produce layouts Initial tests on existing newspapers show the present invention would be useable for about 80 or more of newsholes on average and that in each of these the use of the present invention would eliminate or alleviate between 70 and 95 of the e
15. hich displays the formats for the selected layout children means for designating one of the displayed formats and means for generating a newshole in accordance with the designated format 4 The system of claim 3 wherein the children within a family respectively pertain to mutually exclusively ranges of sizes in at least one geometric dimension UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO 6 589 292 B1 Page 1 of 1 DATED July 8 2003 INVENTOR S Alistair Langford Wilson It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby corrected as shown below Title page Item 54 should read ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING SYSTEM WITH PLURAL SELECTABLE LAYOUTS FOR NEWSHOLES Signed and Sealed this Twenty third Day of September 2003 JAMES E ROGAN Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office
16. in a Section is not limited Typically Styles are set up to reflect generic layout uses indicative of the Section s needs for example lead stories picture stories fillers secondary leads and so on The Layout Families exist within each Layout Style and are defined by the publication Each Family represents a layout variation or option within that Style for example a US 6 589 292 B1 5 Style called Picture stories might contain options which feature both horizontally and vertically oriented pictures and options such as placing the picture at certain positions within the story layout There is no restriction on what these variations or options can be The Layout Children are contained with each Family and again are defined by the publication Each child within a Family must have a unique size width and depth and the size of no two Children can overlap within one Family two or more Children may have the same width or depth but no two can have the same width and depth Typically the Children in a Family will together form a contiguous range of sizes so that the maximum limit of one Child will be defined by the minimum size of the next Child Although the software will by default enforce this it is preferred as it is not mandatory The publication may specify a different maximum size width or depth or both for any Child if only one dimension has a specified maximum the software will use the default for the other dime
17. individual columns of body text would continue to each occupy roughly one third of the layout s width we say roughly because there is a space between each column of text so each column is slightly less than 33 of the total layout width the second and third columns of body text would move to the right so that they continue to be correctly offset from the first column and from each other evenly spaced across the width of the newshole and the picture would continue to be the same width as the second column of body text would continue to be positioned in line with that column and would continue to sit under the headline and on top of the second column of body text We note also that in the above example that the width and the horizontal position of the picture could have been specified using different variations of the Resizing Expres sions to achieve the same result Description of Using the Present Invention to Automatically Build Layouts The layout editor uses the present invention once the database has been set up containing layouts Children that have Resizing Expressions defined for them The present embodiment of the present invention permits different methods of usage Only one is described here The layout editor may define on the electronic version of the page to be laid out an overall size for the particular story layout The method for achieving this may vary depending on which application is being used as the bas
18. le may be arranged sized and positioned and formatted styled using devices such as typography colour and borders in a manner that I Suits or matches the particular design presentation of a publication and or II Uses resizing to allow the particular size and area of the newshole to be automatically fitted or filled up con sistent with those design rules NAILS achieves these aims by providing any number of the following facilities HI It allows the publication s design style to be defined by providing means whereby the publication can A Predefine suitable layouts and store these into a database and or B Determine and predefine the conditions or circum stances in which each of these layouts may be considered suitable for use and or C Define for each of these layouts rules governing the behaviour of each element of layout as to its size position and typographic style and so on This facil ity allows the publication to predefine relationships between the various components of the newshole which relationships determine each component s size and position relative to the others IV It facilitates the selection and usage of layouts from a database in accordance with the predefined design style To achieve this it A Allows the user of the database to specify the general type and style of the layout desired for the current newshole in a quick easy and intuitive manner and or B Determines which layo
19. ll of these cases separate alternative Families could be set up to supply layouts with different Byline configurations including no Bylines but this would hardly seem worth the effort It may also cause some confusion by presenting to the layout editor too many choices for selection especially since the distinguishing features between the different Families would be so minor In these cases the publication would set up Layout Cousins which would mirror the layout in the primary Child but would offer the different Byline configurations The layout editor can then select the particular layout that is desired but modify using it a simple command to include various Byline styles The Byline could of course be added manually but automating its inclusion again simplifies the operation and allows the publication to ensure that when it is included into the layout it too follows the desired design style FIGS 5 7 illustrate the same layouts as FIGS 1 3 but after Bylines have been added using Layout Cousins related or assigned to those Children Another example of Layout Cousins might be to allow easy implementation of changes that do not affect the layout at all only its typography The layouts in FIGS 1 3 all have bold face headlines and although it is not illustrated might have roman face body text An alternative presentation could be roman face headlines with bold face text and this too could be achieved neatly through the use of Lay
20. ller the Child will be drawn at its smallest intended size The publication would then define for each Child or Cousin relationships between its various elements such as headlines pictures captions body text and so on This is done using the Resizing Expressions noted below When a Child or Cousin is stored into the database the publication nominates which Section Style Family it belongs to and can create new Sections Styles Families as needed The present invention then checks for any existing Children within that Family that may have a conflicting size range and automatically resolves that conflict by resetting the existing Child s maximum size width depth or both as the case may be to the minimum dimension s of the new Child It is also expected that all the Children within a Family will exhibit what may be called genetic consistency in that they should all appear similar That is if one Child features a Picture above the main Heading they all should This is because a Family represents a particular variation or 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 6 type of layout within a Layout Style its Children then represent embodiments of that layout at various distinctive sizes For example the configuration of the Headline may and usually will change as the layout s size increases a small story of one column wide by 10 cm deep 4 inches might feature two lines of headline at a p
21. mily It is possible that some Families may have no Children suitable for the target s size Once the possible Children are known the present inven tion displays them within its window as a series of US 6 589 292 B1 9 thumbnails small representative pictures of what each layout would look like At the same time it resizes each Child to fit the target using the Resizing Expressions defined for and embedded within each Child Thus the layout editor is shown a number of layouts each of which fits the target size and each of which also suits the publication s particular design style for that Section since the database is set up and subsequently searched in such a manner as to preclude unsuitable layouts being displayed To complete the operation the layout editor simply selects the layout which appears most desirable The present inven tion then instructs or directs the underlying layout application to build the selected layout according to the rules defined for it Thus instead of having to build the layout manually in each case the layout editor is simply able to work by selecting from a set of possibilities and the computer is able to do all of the leg work required to actually build the layout This offers tremendous gains in the following areas speed faithful consistent and accurate implementation of design style avoidance of design style errors and simplicity of operatio
22. n It should be noted that the same series of actions are used to build any layout regardless of its complexity whereas when using manual layout applications the amount of labour increases with the com plexity of the layout Description of Additional Functions and Points The present invention provides a number of additional features functions and methods of usage including but not limited to The invention is not limited or restricted to requiring a target layout size to be defined prior to requesting a selection of possible layouts In this case the procedure is the same except that a target is not specified and the present invention does not search for a specific size of layout within the nominated Section Layout Style Instead it retrieves those Children within the Families of the selection Section Layout Style which have been marked as being Head of Family The layout editor may select one of these and it will be placed on the page at its default size It can subsequently be resized If a layout which has been selected and placed on the page is resized so that either or both of its maximum dimen sions are exceeded the present invention monitors this and offers the layout editor a number of choices one of which the default is to replace the Child with the Child which has been specified for use at the new size The present invention may operate with any known layout application available commercially Furth
23. nsion so long as the resulting combination of width and depth is smaller than the next Child s minimum size The Layout Cousins represent alternative Children Although they are not part of the primary selection process they are used to provide greater options to layout operators Their use is described later A Layout Cousin is related to a Layout Child they both have the same size A Layout Child may have more than one Cousin It should be pointed out that while many newspapers would be familiar with the concept of Sections the concepts of Layout Styles as used here Layout Families Layout Children and Layout Cousins are unique to the present invention To our knowledge newspapers do not currently use such devices or concepts to organise their design style Description of Populating the Database The present invention in one form provides tools for configuring managing and populating the database These tools are preferably but not essentially provided through menu bars and other computer functions within the appli cation They allow the publication to store remove Sections Styles Families Children and Cousins to from the database The publication may draw graphically each Child in the base layout application being used with the present inven tion Since one form of the present invention depends on the theory that layouts will always be selected and sized upwards made larger than their original size not sma
24. ntageously if the newshole is resized any number of the layout element s may also be resized In another form the present invention enables the various elements of a newshole to be arranged sized and positioned and formatted styles using devices such as typography colour and borders in a manner that I suits or matches the particular newshole design presentation rules of a publication and or II allows the particular size and area of the newshole to be automatically fitted or filled up consistent with those design rules by A allowing the user to predefine relationships between the various components of the newshole which relationships determine each component s size and position relative to the others and or B permits automatic recalculation of each compo nent s size and position so that the newshole can be filled The present invention determines the shapes that com prise a newshole and or what those shapes are what they represent and or how big each one is and or where each is placed within the newshole For simplification purposes the present invention is called NAILS an acronym which stands for Newspaper Automated Intelligent Layout System However the present invention is not limited in application to newspapers but can be used for any electronic or printed media where material is laid out or presented according to a certain style NAILS refers to the way the various elements of a newsho
25. ointsize of 14 pt with the only other element being one column of body text but this headline configuration would not be used if the same layout were required to be used at six columns wide by 30 cm 12 inches deep instead the publication might choose to use one line of headline at a pointsize of 42 pt and might also change the body text from one column to six separate columns Although the specifics of the headline and body text are different in each case the layout can still be said to be genetically consistent in that both represent the same approach of headline over body text FIGS 1 3 show how a certain style of layout presentation may be implemented differently at various sizes according to the general sort of design rules that newspapers typically follow This illustrates the concept of Families and Children It would be thoroughly confusing if in the case described above one Child contained a Subheading Picture and Caption which were not present in other Children within the Family Instead of implementing these entirely different layouts as different Children within the same Family the concept underlying the present invention would suggest that the publication should set up two different Families one featuring head over body the other featuring the use of Headline Subheading Picture Caption and Body Additionally when Children are stored into the database one Child within each Family will be identified as the Head
26. out Cousins In FIGS 1 2 and 3 it can be seen that the three layouts have different overall sizes and shapes and that the detailed particulars of each layout also vary to a certain extent US 6 589 292 B1 11 The specific headline configuration is different in each layout FIG 1 has three lines of headline FIGS 2 and 3 each have two lines Furthermore the pointsize of each of the headlines is different in each layout Each layout contains a small picture and caption but the 5 specific position and relative position of this varies In FIG 1 its relative position is in column 1 In FIGS 2 and 3 its relative position is column two however its specific position is different since the columns in FIG 3 are wider than those in FIG 2 The number of body text columns varies between the layouts and the columns in FIG 3 are wider However it may also be seen from these illustrations that from a design perspective the publication might actually consider all of these layouts to be variations of single style or type of layout This is because the general look and feel of the layouts is consistent with each other the only reason the specifics vary between them is because they are different sizes For example if this layout were indeed required to be four columns wide it would not usually be considered satisfac tory simply to enlarge the layout in FIGS 1 to fit producing a layout that looks like FIG 4 Even if the la
27. ss its full width The first column of body text might be defined as width proportional to the width of the layout depth a fixed difference from the layout s depth h position none v position top of body a fixed difference from the bottom of the headline The second column of body text might be defined as width proportional to the width of the layout depth a fixed difference from the layout s depth h position left point is a fixed difference from the right point of the first leg of the first leg of body text v position top of body a fixed difference from the bottom of the picture The third column of body text might be defined as width proportional to the width of the layout depth a fixed difference from the layout s depth h position left point is a fixed difference from the right point of the second leg of body text v position top of body a fixed difference from the bottom of the headline The picture might be defined as width proportional to the width of the second column of body text depth a 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8 fixed difference from the layout s depth h position left point is a fixed difference from the left point of the second leg of body text v position top of picture is a fixed difference from the bottom of the headline In this case as the layout was made wider the headline would continue to stretch the full width of the layout the
28. t Each of the alternative layouts is chosen form the other Families within that Section Style This presents a convenient means of revis ing or changing a layout which has already been drawn in light of further developments concerning the page s overall design When the completed layout has been drawn into the target on the page the layout is built as a series or set of objects which are in the native format used by the underlying application That means the nature of the objects may vary depending on the needs of the underlying application but that in any case the objects will be editable within that application The Layout Cousins referred to throughout this document allow the layout editor to select variations on a particular Child where the variation may not be substantial enough to warrant inclusion of the Cousin as a Child within its own right in a separate Family For example the layouts in FIGS 1 3 could conceivably also include Bylines for the reporter or contributing agency Although some pub lications have a policy of always or mostly including Bylines others allow the Bylines to be included or excluded according to certain criteria even sometimes the whim of the layout editor And even on those publications that do regularly include Bylines there may need to be alternative Byline styles to accommodate for example the differences between a credit for a staff reporter and a credit for an agency reporter In a
29. ult to fill this amount of space with a heading and the result i is s ugly anyway PICTURE U S Patent Jul 8 2003 Sheet 4 of 5 US 6 589 292 B1 Head goes at the top over three fines Head goes at the very top over PICTURE ae Fig 5 Fig 6 U S Patent Jul 8 2003 Sheet 5 of 5 US 6 589 292 B1 PICTURE CAPTION US 6 589 292 B1 1 ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING SYSTEM This is a division of application Ser No 08 667 699 filed Jun 21 1996 now U S Pat No 5 953 733 FIELD The present invention relates to electronic and printed publishing and provides a mechanism by which text and images for publishing can be prepared and or edited Particularly but not exclusively the present invention is directed at the layout of newsholes The present invention has application in electronic and printed media for example newspapers magazines and computer text systems BACKGROUND The design of a newspaper provides a particular style and flavour discernible by the reader As used in this context design refers to the graphical rules or guidelines that govern how elements such as headlines pictures and text should be used to construct newsholes including the number and type of elements which may or may not be used in certain circumstances the size and position of those elements in each case direction on suitable typography and usage of other graphic devices such as borders and colour The design styl
30. uts are or are not suitable or correct for usage in the current newshole in accor 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 dance with the predefined rules and taking into account the specified desires of the database user and or C Graphically displays for the user the correct or suitable layouts and allows selection of one of them and or D Prevents the user of the database from selecting unsuitable or incorrect layouts and or E Automatically builds the final layout including transparently resizing the selected layout and its elements to suit the new size specified by the user in accordance with the rules that have been defined for that layout and or F Automatically monitors any further edits that the user may make to the layout after it is drawn and measures these against the predefined design rules Depending on the nature and circumstances of those changes and the dictates of the predefined design rules the present invention may further assist the user by automatically adjusting the layout or its elements to accommodate or suit the user s manual edits and or suggesting that an entirely different layout would be more appropriate according to the predefined design style and or allowing the user to accept that suggestion at which point the software may automatically build the new layout and or use it to replace the previous one A preferred embodiment of the present invention will no
31. w be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which FIGS 1 2 and 3 illustrate examples of layout presentation FIG 4 illustrated a resized FIG 1 FIGS 5 7 illustrate FIGS 1 2 and 3 with by lines added The NAILS system provides a separate working area for each publication published by a newspaper such as separate daily and Sunday newspapers The present inven tion utilises a database for each of those publications Within each publication the database is programmed preferably in a hierarchical structure which is Publication Section Layout Style Layout Family Layout child Layout cousins Section refers to the various sections of the publication such as News Sport Business and so on The publication defines these according to its needs Section was chosen as decisive division in the database because it is between different Sections that a newspaper s design style is most likely to vary In other words the design style layout and typography is likely to be more consistent within a Section but different Sections may have slightly different styles or design needs The present invention facilitates this although the newspaper may also decide that each Section will be the same Layout Styles exist within each Section and are defined by the publication Each Section has its own set of Layout Styles though these can be copied into multiple Sections if they have common usage The number of Styles with
32. xisting manual work necessary with existing software programs This provides newspapers with the potential to make significant productivity gains in an area layout that currently requires a large number of specialist and highly paid staff 2 System training is a major overhead for newspapers On average we find that a layout editor requires two weeks of full time computer training before they can start pro ducing pages most of this 7 out of 10 days is devoted to learning how to produce typical layouts on the layout software We estimate that with the present invention the average layout editor would be fully conversant practised and able to start real work in under four hours and that several days of additional training which might not be required in many cases could then be carried out on the job 3 Layout training A layout editor new to layout requires substantial training purely in terms of layout design ability This time is typically measured in months some times years Even an experienced layout sub editor on joining a new and unfamiliar newspaper or even a new section within his current newspaper may have to spend weeks learning the house style before he can run without any hand holding Since the present invention knows the house style can illustrate this graphically to the layout editor and manages and controls the imple mentation of that style this time would virtually be eliminated
33. yout were adjusted so that it had three columns of text instead of one extremely wide column it can be seen that headline configuration is all wrong Instead it would be understandable that the newspaper might prefer a layout similar to the one shown in FIG 3 This is what the present invention allows Using conventional methods of drawing layouts manually using a computer application the layout editor would need to be familiar with this style as it is used by the publication and would further need to understand how the style is to be implemented at these various size Finally the layout editor would need to build the desired layout manually ensuring also that the style is adapted accurately to the particular size required This would require the layout editor to manually draw each box for each element of the layout to size and position each box correctly and then apply correct typo graphical styling to each box According to the present invention these three layouts and probably other also similar layouts would be stored as different Children within the same Family The layout editor would then define the target size requiring the simple drawing of a single box on the page and would invoke the present invention s window If the default Section for the current page was suitable and it nearly always will be the layout editor would proceed by selecting a Layout Style for example News stories with small pictures If t
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