Design of a Microcontroller-based Circuit for Software
Contents
1. HEX file downloader and a microcontroller emulator WinAVR which is for a GCC based compiler for AVR It appears in AVR Studio as a plug in 2 WinAVR also includes a program called Programmer s Notepad that can be used to edit and compile C programs independently of AVR Studio To load the program in the microcontroller go through four major stages e creating an AVR Studio project e compiling C code to HEX file e debugging C program using the simulator e downloading HEX file to the Atm16L development board and running it C Experimental Results The design of a microcontroller based circuit for software protection hard key and its implementation enabled us to access the protected software in a full version which all system function activated when a valid hard key used and with invalid hard key the protected software stays in a limited version 52 IRACST International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology amp Security IJCSITS ISSN 2249 9555 which is some menu and some sub menu disabled and other enabled When we use invalid hard key the protected software send a message shown in figure 5 Athontian fread heard ky dye ure ine lerke Laer peirin ate Figure 5 The message display with invalid hard key Figure 5 shows the message displayed when the protected program runs with invalid hard key Thus protected program open in limited user permission area that shown in f2. Crystal oscillator that 1s an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time as in quartz wristwatches to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers and MAX232 that converts signals from an RS 232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits it s a dual driver receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply EIA 232 voltage levels from a single 5 V supply Each receiver converts EIA 232 inputs to 5 V TTL CMOS levels into EIA 232 levels 12 The input to the max232IC will be of Transistor Transistor Logic TTL and its voltage range will be of 5 volt The output of the max 232 ic will be of Recommended Standard 232 Logic RS232 logic and its voltage range will be of 12 volt The max 232 1c which is operating on 5 volt supply has to step up the 5 volt input to 12 volt Hence a capacitor is used for pumping the voltage and called as pumping capacitor B software implementation The microcontroller work under software control which is written in C language To program the microcontroller using the C programming language needs two tools 1 AVR Studio which is an integrated development environment that includes an editor the assembler
3. Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology amp Security IJCSITS ISSN 2249 9555 for a limited number of runs Cryp Key Instant is a software based solution that embeds its licensing protection directly into your application executable It protects applications by wrapping and encrypting your executable EXE or dynamic link library DLL files with Cryp Key s proven protection technologies 6 HardKey License Manager allows to generate cryptographically strong serial numbers based on asymmetric crypto algorithm 7 Design of a microcontroller based circuit for software protection hard key is an extension to that tools and it is protects software from piracy and unauthorized usage by exchange encrypted key with protected software Il SYSTEM DESIGN Reverse engineering modification and break once run everywhere BORE attacks copy and illegal usage are some problems faced the software development and distribution Design of a microcontroller based circuit for software protection hard key protects software from all above Hard key still costive and not more available For these reasons there should be a method of designing of a microcontroller based circuit for software protection hard key that is far less cheap The following sections describe the design steps of the proposed system ci 1e sub D 9 F c TOE RS232 LEVEL 13 14 Vol 3 No 1 February 2013 A Hardware Design The syst
4. and then sends a key k to the hard key 2 A hard key receives that key and make three things First find the key k k 37 3 Second multiplex the key by three then add 17 to it k2 3k 17 Third send the key k2 to protected program 3 The protected program receives that key and make three things First find k from the receive key k k 20 Second find k using k k 37 3 Third make comparison between two keys k k 4 Protected program run in a full version when the tow keys are equivalent kO K or run in a limited version if they are not k0 K III IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULT A Hardware Implementation An electronic circuit is composed of individual electronic components such as resistors transistors capacitors inductors and diodes connected by conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow The components used for the circuit design shown in the followingtable TABLE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS Crystal 16 9344MHz Capacitor 2 7PR a Switches o 1 Normal diode N11 4 EE Max 232 Lm78L05817 The microcontroller Reset RS Vcc Gnd SCL XTALland XTAL2 pins are connected to 16 9344MHz Crystal which is used to generating clock signal for the microcontroller transmit Tx and receive Rx pins of microcontroller are connected to receive Rx and transmit Tx respectively in TTL MAX level Transmit Tx and 151 IRACST Int
5. IRACST International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology amp Security IJCSITS ISSN 2249 9555 Vol 3 No 1 February 2013 Design of a Microcontroller based Circuit for Software Protection Eshtiag Jah Alrasool Alsideg Mohammed Ahmed Faculty of Science And Art King AbdAlaziz University KAU Jeddah Saudi Arabia Abstract In light of technological development exploit the potential of computer and benefit from its services has become very important so the computer software has played a major role in various fields in our life Facing the use of these software and their manufacturing many of risks such as piracy and unauthorized usage The object of this research is to contribute in getting rid of those problems by develop a microcontroller based circuit for software protection In which a key is completely encrypted in the hardware and that is an easy to use license manager that creates professional and secure license keys to protect your software against piracy and unauthorized usage The designed circuit has been successfully tested It shows a reliable software protection Keywords hard key software protection serial port microcontroller based circuit piracy encryption algorithm I INTRODUCTION computer programs have become more important and with the number of personal computers and Internet users grow the incidence of software piracy reverse engineering modification break once run everywher
6. e BORE attacks copy and illegal usage are some problem faced the software development and distribution that denies software companies and vendors their rightful return on investment Due to the large loss revenues of software companies the software vendors have to pay more attention to develop new protection technique against unauthorized and illegal usage Although legal protection tools like trade secrets copyright patents and trademarks have been put into use they are not adequate for the software protection Other methods such as using serial numbers or user name password offer only weak protection since programs are digital products they can be copied bit by bit entirely Without any help from hardware side protected software eventually can be cracked by professional crackers 1 Authors of computer software always feel aggrieved that their works are copied and stalling by unauthorized pirates Consequently program vendors have been researching extensively to invent a foolproof device to prevent their software and then they could sell their protected programs at a low price to achieve a large market 2 For that they develop some techniques for software copy and license protection that prevents the applications from being run on different machines Volume ID This method restricts the user to run the application only on the specified drive volume MAC Address The MAC Address Media Access Control is the hardware addressof anet
7. em is composed of three main parts namely serial port max 232 and microcontroller The serial port is a computer port which is opens by the protected software that sends its key to the max232 which converts signals from an RS 232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits The microcontroller which receive that key and sends it encrypted to the protected software via max232 works under software control AT16L Max 232 Computer serial Microcontroller Figure 1 System Block Diagram Figure 1 System Circuit Diagram explain the need of MAX232 which is compatible with RS 232 standard and consists of dual transceiver Each receiver converts TIA EIA 232 E levels into 5V TTL CMOS levels Each driver converts TTL COMS levels into TIA EIA 232 E levels 5V cS T p By l Microcontroller TOA BY 127 11 TTL LEVEL MAX2I32 Figure 2 System Circuit Diagram 150 IRACST International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology amp Security IJCSITS ISSN 2249 9555 Figure 2 the circuit diagram of the system consist of ATI16L microcontroller max 232 and serial port It shows the max 232 circuit and it s connection with of ATI6L microcontroller rand the serial port B Software Development The functionality of the system describes a simple technique to exchange a key between the circuit and protected software which is waiting for specific response to run i
8. ernational Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology amp Security IJCSITS ISSN 2249 9555 receive Rx in serial port are connected to input and output in MAX232 level as shown in figure 4 Vol 3 No 1 February 2013 aie i ele fe he yl HH TN ee Ls o a a PANARD POST a FARAJI POSTIS Sl PANAIT u i e PANAR E PAA i FOS r TET PASADOS reta PAGARKS FENET H PANAR PEET i E rowem e Cd T PEO KTO Pomoc wm F PANTI PEEP J PESETANO PRTC PENOCCANI tenant LEPOREEE FaGT ra ms SEAS PENEK E TREBOA 15 Rea TE T Figure 4 Proposed Circuit Figure 4 explain Proposed Circuit In circuit design the researcher use A microcontroller that is a small computer on a single integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple CPU combined with support functions such as a crystal oscillator timers and watchdog Neither program memory in the form of NOR flash or One Time Programmable Read Only Memory OTPROM is also often included on a chip as well as a typically small read write memory Microcontrollers are designed for dedicated applications Thus in contrast to the microprocessors used in the personal computers and other high performance applications simplicity is emphasized Microcontrollers are used to automatically control products and devices such as automobile machine control systems remote controls office machines appliances power tools and toys
9. hammed Ali has been working as a Lecturer at a Lecturer at Faculty of Science And Art King Abd Alaziz University Gezira Collage of Technology medani Sudan Jeddah Saudi Arabia 154
10. igure 6 B ii pepe ety ol pall Gl geo Sahel Gy pL Aola OLA wold geldiu c3 TETE A Sey S A AT Aya BkaTion cnawee Figure 6 a limited user permission area Figure 6 shows the protected program when it runs in a limited user permission area where some menu jobs and salary and some menu options employee qualification etc in employee effort menu disabled When we use availed hard key the protected software send a message shown in figure 7 tw 7a pa fey ATION CHAM gt P L wal hard hey system runs in a fil user permission area Figure 7 The message display with a valid hard key Figure 7 shows the message display when the protected program runs with valid hard key Vol 3 No 1 February 2013 Thus protected program open in limited user permission area that shown in figure 8 TOPPER Figure 8 a full user permission area Figure 8 shows the protected program when it runs in a full user permission area where all menu and all menu option are enabled See the menu jobs and salary and menu option employee qualification etc in employee effort menu which are disabled in a limit version here in a full version are enabled CONCLUSION This design was implemented by using Microcontroller ATI6L Crystal Oscillator 16 93MHz max232 Switch and Capacitors The system makes them easy to store the key inside hard key and cannot be read from it receive data encrypt and send
11. n a full user permission or run in a limit user permission area Method of key exchange The protected software checking specific port serial port searching for its hard key when any user run it then make decision in a fallowing 1 If it s not find the hard key then run in a limit user permission area 2 If it finds the hard key then sends a key to it after that still waiting for response to make decision With availed key run in full user permission With invalid hard key run in a limit user permission 5 If it runs in a limit user permission or in a full user permission area The protected software still checking the hard key ar START Run in a limit No Find Hard KEY user permission Yes we No A NAID Hard Key A Yes Run in a full user permission Vol 3 No 1 February 2013 Figure 3 Method of key checking Figure 3 represents the steps of exchanging key B 2 Encryption Algorithm Encryption is the act of encoding text so that others not privy to the decryption mechanism the key cannot understand the content of the text Algorithm is any set of detailed instructions which results in a predictable end state from a known beginning Here is an algorithm that the researcher use to exchange an encrypted key between the hard key and the protected program algorithm Instructions go through the following 1 The protected program chose k0 is a number randomly calculate k 3 k 37
12. s available 3 and tools which creates professional and secure license keys to protect software against piracy Quick License Manager QLM QLM is an easy to use license manager that creates professional and secure license keys to protect your software against piracy You can create permanent or evaluation trial license keys in a snap Integrate QLM with your application 4 Smart Dongle The primary function of Smart dongle is to protect software from piracy This robust unit can be used to carry passwords signatures executable code or other sensitive data making it as difficult as possible to steal your software The affordable price makes it a valuable asset for developers who are looking for an easy cost effective security solution for their software while providing portability and convenience to end users Matrix Dongle Matrix is a reliable safety system for the protection of your software from unauthorized usage and reproduction Whole purpose is to protect software licenses against software piracy 5 Cryp Key DAL Distributor Authorizing License Cryp Key DAL is gives vendors the ability to grant others permission to authorize software With Cryp Key DAL the vendor achieves control over the number of licenses a distributor can issue by providing a distributor with a pre configured copy of Cryp Key s SKG Site Key Generator The vendor uses its Master SKG to authorize the distributor s SKG 149 IRACST International
13. the encrypted key The design of a microcontroller based circuit for software protection hard key and its implementation show us very strong tool for software protection Thus we say that we have developed a method and an excellent tool to protect software from piracy and unauthorized usage REFERENCES 1 Qiang Liu Techniques using exterior component against software piracy Department of Computer Science University of Auckland 2 Qiang Liu Techniques using exterior component against software piracy Department of Computer Science University of Auckland 3 Software copy protection http www miragesystems de products licence protector overview home software copy protection print html Retrieved on February 2013 4 Interactive solution http www interactivestudios net Products QuickLicense Manager aspx Retrieved on February 2013 5 Software copy protection http www matrixlock de english e_allgem htm Retrieved on February 2013 6 CrypKey Instant User Manual www crypkey com support manual_request php Retrieved on February 2013 7 Strong bit technology http www strongbit com hardkey_inside asp Retrieved 2013 on February AUTHORS PROFILE 153 IRACST International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology amp Security IJCSITS ISSN 2249 9555 Vol 3 No 1 February 2013 Ms Eshtiag Jah Alrasool Alsideg Mohammed Ahmed has been working as Mr EI nzeer El ameen Mo
14. work adapter Hostname The windows PC name is unique El nzeer El ameen Mohammed Ali Gezira Collage of Technology GCT medani Sudan within a network and can be used for copy protection NetBIOS Computer Name The NetBIOS computer name is available on every PC It can be used for software copy protection only on a single user installation available only with the Professional Edition Volume ID UNC Pathname This Installation Code combines the Volume ID with the absolute path of the license file Assume a situation where an application is installed several times on the same machine but in different directories The Volume ID is identical on all installations and therefore the installation may be used by many users 3 installations with 20 licenses allow 60 users to work with your software but you only sold 20 licenses With this installation code type the problem of several installations is eliminated MAC Address UNC Pathname This Installation Code combines the MAC address with the absolute path of the license file for details why using the pathname see Volume ID UNC pathname Combination Volume ID MAC Address Hostname UNC Pathname This Installation Code offers the most restrictive protection as all criteria have to match Combination Volume ID MAC Address Hostname Restrictive protection for single user applications IP Address Uses the IP address of the licensed hardware Only possible if a static IP address i
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