Smart Medicine Box
Contents
1. break case 11 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p11 0 0 lock 1 break case 12 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p12 0 0 lock 1 break case 13 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p13 0 0 lock 1 break case 14 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p14 0 0 lock 1 break case 15 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p15 0 0 lock 1 29 break case 16 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p16 0 0 lock 1 break case 17 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p17 0 0 lock 1 break case 18 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p18 0 0 lock 1 break case 19 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p19 0 0 lock 1 break case 20 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p20 0 0 lock 1 break case 21 if lock 0 30 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p21 0 0 lock 1 break case 22 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p22 0 0 lock 1 break case 23 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p23 0 0 lock 1 break case 24 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p24 0 0 lock 1 break case 25 if hitflag 0 showtime 0 else if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p25 0 0 lock 1 br2. Code Listing all headfiles include lt stdio h gt include lt inttypes h gt include lt avr io h gt include lt avr interrupt h gt include lt avr pgmspace h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt string h gt include lt util delay h gt needed for Icd_lib zinclude Icd lib h include lt math h gt define F CPU 16000000UL define begin define end define t1 20 statemachine repeattime define t2 100 define t3 1000 1s base for the RTC define t4 1 4ms for led define t5 1000 1 min for CompareF 15 Link Amazon http www amazon com Ezy Dose Travel Pill Container dp BOO1THDDFC ref sr_1_3 ie UTF8 amp qid 1413412251 amp sr 8 3 amp keywords pillbox Digikey http www digikey com product detail en CDM 10008 102 2493 ND 2791823 Amazon link link ECE digital lab Jie Zhang Overall Software Design Prototype Construction Assembly Website Prototype Testing for audio define TableSize 2920 refers to the following incl file IContains the packed 2 bit codes for syntehsis Generated by the program Make2code476 m include DPCMAIIDigits h Ireconstruction differentials PCMvalue 4 78 16 16 78 volatile signed char PCMvalue 4 20 4 4 20 volatile unsigned int outl tablel indexes volatile unsigned char cycle decode phase counter volatile signed char out lastout output values volatile unsigned char p1 p2 p3 p4 hol
3. lastout PCMvalue p4 lastout gt gt 3 update outputs OCROA out 128 lastout out outl at end turn off TCCRO if tablel TableSize TCCROB 0 end ISR E 588 etse Ke kk ioo ees ERE EE EERE Kok koe ojsetotekkoekokootesetetek Kok ER ESLER SEEN ER EEE LE LERNER ER EEER ERE ERE E EELS I LCD setup void init Icd void begin LCDinit linitialize the display 21 LCDcursorOFF LCDelr clear the display LCDGotoXY 0 0 CopyStringtoLCD LCD initialize 0 0 display initialize to test the function of LCD Set it all up void initialize void begin init Icd for audio DDRB 1 lt lt PORTB3 turn on pwm with period 256 cycles 62 500 samples sec in fast PWM mode BUT OCROA update is done using timer2 at 7800 sec timer O runs at full rate set in MAIN loop TCCROB 1 turn on fast PWM and OCOA output 11 16 microsec per PWM cycle sample time TCCROA 1 COMO0AO 1 lt lt COMDA1 1 lt lt WGMO0 1 lt lt WGMDO1 OCROA 128 set PWM to half full scale turn on timer2 set to overflow at 7812 Hz II prescaler set to divide by 8 TCCR2B 2 turn on overflow interrupt TIMSK2 1 lt lt TOIE2 DDRA Oxff set A as the output of LED number DDRB 0x0F B 0 B2 as output for choosing LED set up timer 1 for 1 mSec timebase for fast pwm mode and full speed TIMSK1 2 turn on timer 1 cmp match I
4. 4 milliseconds when the system running at triggered state 2 6 Sound generation For the sound generation we use the method called differential pulse code modulation DPCM that is linked in the ECE 4760 homepage For the generation process we have timer O to working at PWM mode and timer 2 working at compare match status in order to simulate the human speaking sound We used the Matlab code to generate the sound data table of the sound we need that is Time to take medicine lll Hardware Design 3 1 Microcontroller The microcontroller used for the smart medicine box is the ATmega1284 mounted on a custom PCB We used port A for outputting numbers on led displays port B for controlling the switches and speaker module port C for the LCD module and Port D for keypad 3 2 LCD module The LCD module used in our project is a 16 characters 2 lines Microtivity IM161 with back light Considering its small size ease of use and its yellow back we think it is the best candidate for our project We found the yellow back light make it easier for the user to see the characters displayed on it even in the dark environment Currently we didn t have the back light adjustment feature in our circuit In the future we will add this feature to our device so that the user can dim the backlight during certain circumstances Pin 1 of the LCD module is connected to the ground Pin2 is connected to the power supply of the MCU Pin 3 connects to the wiper
5. else if timeCompareF 0 CompareF if hitflag 1 init the output indexes if responseb 0 switch firstenter 39 case 1 outl 0 tablel 0 init the ouptut value lastout 0 turn on PWM TCCROB 1 firstenter 2 break case 2 wait until the speech is done then time delay the next utterance if TCCROB 0 _delay_ms 1000 firstenter 1 break V switch if else if timedisplay 0 led scanfkeypad if butnum 1 1 responseb 1 end end 40 41
6. integrated software system running in the MCU The programming platform is AVRStudio4 0 and programming language is standard C and WINAVR GCC compiler Generally our software system can be divided into four parts including real time clock user interface LED control and sound generation We could get information for each medicine boxes from the user input and store the information in structure variables The real time clock would keep running once user finishes initialization After all the information has been entered The system would enter comparison status The comparison function would detect if there were medicine should be taken at that time When it finds medicine should be taken the audio will broadcast After the user response to the system by pushing certain button LEDs would indicate the amount of medicines for each box Our system flow chart is as follow Initialization Set up real time clock t key is pressed No Yes Set up box7 Set up box2 Set up box1 information information information H is not match pressed Output synthesized Seven segment led display turned on Compare each box s is match time information voice with real time clock Software design flowchart 2 2 Data structure The information of boxes will be stored in structs For each box we have a struct to store their information The struct contains four variables that indicate which day this medicine s
7. of the 10k trimpot Pin 4 is the register select which is connected to the C O Pin 5 is the data read write which is connected to C 1 Pin 6 is the enable signal which is connected to C 2 Pin 11 to pin 14 are the data bus which are connected to C 3 C 7 Pin15 and pin16 are the LED power and ground for the backlight The optimal power and current for the led backlight is 4 2V and 20mA lcd module used in our project 3 8 Keypad The keypad we used for our device is a 3x4 12 button keypad which is purchased from all electronics In the software design we will explain the key scan algorithm in detail 3 4 Seven segment led displays We used Kingbright SC56 11EWA seven segment led displays for displaying the number of pills the user need to take from each of the sub box SC56 11EWA is a common cathode led display which has seven pins corresponding to seven different segments on the display and two pins as the ground We designed circuits that allow us to use only 10 pins of the microcontroller to control all seven units of these led displays See figure below The concept behind this circuitry design is to use transistors as switches to turn the led displays on and off sequentially Such method can be realized with the use of a 3 to 8 decoder which uses 3 pins from the microcontroller to send 7 bits output to control the transistors And the rest seven pins from the microcontroller are used to send binary outputs to control the seven segments l
8. second2 second1 0 if second2 6 minute1 second2 0 if minute1 gt 9 minute2 minute1 0 if minute2 6 hour minute2 0 if hour 24 hour 0 weekdays if weekdays 8 weekdays 1 ISR TIMER1 COMPA vect begin if timeofstatemachine gt 0 timeofstatemachine statemachine start every 25 ms if timeofbuttonRes gt 0 timeofbuttonRes screen responds function excute every 100ms if trtc gt O trtc if timesound gt 0 timesound if timedisplay gt 0 timedisplay if timeCompareF gt 0 timeCompareF 20 end generate waveform at 7812 scamples sec ISR TIMER2 OVF vect begin compute next sample cycle outl amp 3 outl modulo 4 if cycle 0 do we need to unpack more data begin if tablel TableSize end of stored wave begin unpack a table entry into 2 bit indexs I pgm read byte address short packed pgm read byte amp DPCMAIIDigits tablel Ipacked DPCMAIIDigits tablel p1 packed gt gt 6 amp 3 p2 packed gt gt 4 amp 3 p3 packed gt gt 2 amp 3 p4 packed amp 3 tablel end end unpack table entry compute the output and send to PWM out lastout PCMvalue p1 lastout gt gt 3 end else if cycle 1 don t need to unpack yet just ouput out lastout PCMvalue p2 lastout gt gt 3 else if cycle 2 out lastout PCMvalue p3 lastout gt gt 3 else if cycle 3 out
9. t LCD p19 PROGMEM BOX6 Date const int8 t LCD p20 PROGMEM BOX6 Time const int8 t LCD p21 PROGMEM BOX6 Amount const int8 t LCD p22 PROGMEM BOX7 Date const int8 t LCD p23 PROGMEM BOX7 Time const int8 t LCD p24 PROGMEM BOX7 Amount const int8 t LCD p25 PROGMEM Time to eat const int8 t LCD space PROGMEM const int8 t Monday PROGMEM MON const int8 t Tuesday PROGMEM TUS 18 const int8 t Wednesday PROGMEM WED const int8 t Thursday PROGMEM THU const int8 t Friday PROGMEM FRI const int8 t Saturday PROGMEM SAT const int8 t Sunday PROGMEM SUN unsigned int paranum 0 For parameter input and LCD showing staff unsigned int lock 0 keypad scanf function void scanfkeypad begin get lower nibble PORTDIR OxOf PORTDATA Oxf0 _delay_us 5 key PORTIN get upper nibble PORTDIR Oxf0 PORTDATA 0x0f _delay_us 5 key key PORTIN butnum 0 find matching keycode in keytbl if key Oxff begin for butnum 0 butnum lt maxkeys butnum begin if keytbl butnum key break break when keyscan finds the pressed key end if butnum maxkeys butnum 0 detect more than one key is pushed else butnum adjust to 1 16 end end the search else butnum 0 end end keyscan void rtc trtc t3 reset t3 second1 19 if second1 gt 9
10. unsigned char lastbutnum key pad scan table unsigned char keytbl 16 0xee Oxde Oxbe Oxed 1234 Oxdd Oxbd Oxeb Oxdb 5678 Oxbb Oxe7 Oxd7 Oxb7 O y LED display library unsigned char number 10 061111110 17 0b1001000 0b0111101 0b1101101 0b1001011 0b1100111 0b1110111 0b1001100 0b1111111 0b1101111 LCD display int8_t Icd_buffer 17 int Pointer 0 int OldPointer 8 for the position of the pointer when setting the days of the week at the starting of the system const int8 t LCD initialize PROGMEM LCD Initialized 0 const int8 t LCD p1 PROGMEM mtwtfs s const int8 t LCD p2 PROGMEM Set minutes const int8 t LCD p3 PROGMEM Set Hours const int8 t LCD p4 PROGMEM BOX1 Date const int8 t LCD p5 PROGMEM BOX1 Time const int8 t LCD p6 PROGMEM BOX1 Amount const int8 t LCD p7 PROGMEM BOX2 Date const int8 t LCD p8 PROGMEM BOX2 Time const int8 t LCD p9 PROGMEM BOX2 Amount const int8 t LCD p10 PROGMEM BOX3 Date const int8 t LCD p11 PROGMEM BOX3 Time const int8 t LCD p12 PROGMEM BOX3 Amount const int8 t LCD p13 PROGMEM BOX4 Date const int8 t LCD p14 PROGMEM BOX4 Time const int8 t LCD p15 PROGMEM BOX4 Amount const int8 t LCD p16 PROGMEM BOX5 Date const int8 t LCD p17 PROGMEM BOX5 Time const int8 t LCD p18 PROGMEM BOX5 Amount const int8
11. 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 15 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 16 33 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 17 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 18 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 19 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 20 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 21 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 22 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 23 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 24 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break 34 void statemachine void begin timeofstatemachine t1 reset the task timer switch PushState begin case NoPush scanfkeypad keypad scan if butnum 0 begin PushState MaybePush goes to maybepush when butnum not 0 lastbutnum butnum end else PushState NoPush break case MaybePush scanfkeypad if butnum lastbutnum begin PushState Detect when button is still pushed go to detect whether enter key is being pressed end else PushState NoPush break case Detect if butnum 12 enter key PushState StillT
12. English They also complained to me that they sometimes forget to take to pills and some medicines were expired due to this reason Therefore the idea to make a smart pillbox that would help people like my grandparents came to my mind After talked with my partner Jie we broadened the targeted users of our pillbox from just the older to people who regularly take pills We also thought nurses who take care of patients could also benefit from since they also regularly prepare pills for patients After the targeted user being defined we then defined the specifications of our device based on the user needs The device should be able to generate loud sound so that even people with impaired hearing were able to hear it The device should demonstrate ease of use Therefore we decided to use a lcd and a keypad as the user interface In order to help user remember the number of pills they need to take we also used several seven segment LED displays to indicate the number of pills the user need to take Based on theses specifications we designed a high level block diagram figure below to demonstrate the overall design of our device 3X4 keypad 16x2 LCD with AT d backlight 7 seven speaker segment module LED displays Figure 1 High level block diagram There are five major components for our device including a pillbox containing seven separate small boxes a speaker module a 3x4 keypad an Atmel 1284p microcontroller seven segme
13. O 0 lt lt PINB1 0 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 1 amount2eat if countdisplay 2 amp amp box 2 flag 1 PORTB 0 lt lt PINBO 1 lt lt PINB1 0 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 2 amount2eat if countdisplay 3 amp amp box 3 flag 1 PORTB 1 lt lt PINBO 1 lt lt PINB1 0 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 3 amount2eat if countdisplay 4 amp amp box 4 flag 1 PORTB 0 lt lt PINBO 0 lt lt PINB1 1 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 4 amount2eat if countdisplay 5 amp amp box 5 flag 1 PORTB 1 lt lt PINBO 0 lt lt PINB1 1 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 5 amount2eat if countdisplay 6 amp amp box 6 flag 1 24 PORTB 0 lt lt PINBO 1 lt lt PINB1 1 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 6 amount2eat countdisplay if countdisplay gt 6 countdisplay 0 void CompareF begin timeCompareF t5 int i int j for i 0 i lt 7 it for j 0 j lt 7 j if box i dayofweek j weekdays amp amp minute 1 0 amp amp minute2 0 amp amp second1 0 amp amp second2 0 LCDGotoXY 12 1 location for the pointer sprintf lcd buffer Yod box 0 dayofweek 0 LCDstring lcd buffer strlen Icd buffer Switch hour case 8 if box i times2eat 2 box i times2eat 3 box i flag 1 hitflag 1 lock 0 send messge to turn on led break case 12 if box i times2eat 1 box i times2eat 3 box il flag 1 hit
14. SR OCR1A 249 set the compare reg to 250 time ticks TCCR1A 0b00000010 turn on clear on match TCCR1B 0600001011 clock prescalar to 64 and turn on CTC linitialize time variables timeofstatemachine t1 timeofbuttonRes t2 trtc t3 timedisplay t4 timeCompareF t5 set flag runflag 0 hitflag 0 22 responseb 0 int i for int i 0 i lt 7 i box i flag 0 init the state machine PushState NoPush position 0 the count for the input number to the string buffer multi 1 used for converting char to integer value 0 paranum 1 crank up the ISRs sei show the time void showtime int pos LCDGotoXY 0 pos sprintf lcd buffer d d d d d hour minute2 minute1 second2 second1 LCDstring lcd buffer strlen Icd buffer Switch weekdays case 1 CopyStringtoLCD Monday 11 pos break case 2 CopyStringtoLCD Tuesday 11 pos break case 3 CopyStringtoLCD Wednesday 11 pos break case 4 CopyStringtoLCD Thursday 11 pos break case 5 CopyStringtoLCD Friday 11 pos 23 break case 6 CopyStringtoLCD Saturday 11 pos break case 7 CopyStringtoLCD Sunday 11 pos break void led begin timedisplay t4 if countdisplay 0 amp amp box 0 flag 1 PORTB 0 lt lt PINBO 0 lt lt PINB1 0 lt lt PINB2 PORTA number box 0 amount2eat if countdisplay 1 amp amp box 1 flag 1 PORTB 1 lt lt PINB
15. Smart Medicine Box Final Report ECE 4760 Digital Sys Design Microcontroller Mingyuan Huang mh2239 Jie Zhang jz652 Introduction Our ECE 4760 final project is to build a microcontroller based smart medicine box Our medicine box is targeted on users who regularly take drugs or vitamin supplements or nurses who take care of the older or patients The medicine box is programmable that allows nurses or users to specify the pill quantity to take and the serve time for each day The smart medicine box contains seven separate sub boxes Therefore nurses or users can set information for seven different pills When the pill quantity and serve time has been set the medicine box will remind users or patients to take pills using sound and light The specific number of pills needs to be taken will be displayed by a seven segment led display placed on the corresponding box Compared with the traditional pillbox that requires users or nurses to load the box every day or every week Our smart medicine box would significantly release nurses or users burden on frequently preloading pills for patients or users J The finished product I High Level Design 1 1 Rationale and Inspiration am a international student and during holidays always bring some USA made medicines to my grandparents back in China found they always have trouble remember the number of pills they need to take from each of the medicine bottle because they couldn t read
16. d 4 differentials volatile unsigned char packed a byte containing 4 2 bit values int firstenter 1 for the sound int countdisplay 0 Box information struct box int dayofweek 7 int times2eat int amount2eat int flag ji struct box box 7 int boxnum 0 RTC PARAMETERS int second1 second2 minute1 minute2 hour weekdays second1 0 second2 0 minute1 9 minute2 5 hour 7 weekdays 1 1 represents Monday and so on fake time second11 0 second22 0 minute11 0 minute22 0 hour1 0 16 volatile int runflag flag for running volatile int hitflag volatile int responseb State machine state names define NoPush 1 define MaybePush 2 define Detect 3 define StillType 4 define Release 5 define StillTerm 6 define DebounceTerm 7 define Done 8 define RunState 9 int8_t InputString 17 The string of numbers we entered unsigned char PushState state machine volatile unsigned char timeofstatemachine timeofbuttonRes timedisplay volatile int timeCompareF for ComparaF volatile int timesound volatile int trtc for real time clock for keypad scan define maxkeys 12 define PORTDIR DDRD define PORTDATA PORTD define PORTIN PIND II The raw keyscan unsigned char key The decoded button number unsigned int butnum position i value multi the last key pushed
17. eak end switch end 31 void buttonResponse refresh lcd every 100ms and begin timeofbuttonRes t2 switch paranum case 0 showtime 0 break case 1 CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p1 0 0 print out m tw LCDGotoXY Pointer 1 II location for the pointer sprintf lcd buffer c 94 LCDstring lcd buffer strlen Icd_buffer display the new pointer LCDGotoXY OldPointer 1 sprintf lcd buffer s LCDstring lcd buffer strlen Icd buffer erase the old pointer break case 2 showtime 1 break case 3 showtime 1 break case 4 box1 date LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 5 box1 time LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 6 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 7 LCDGotoXY 0 1 32 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 8 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 9 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 10 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 11 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 12 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 13 LCDGotoXY 0 1 LCDstring InputString strlen InputString break case 14 LCDGotoXY 0
18. ed display one at a time In our first prototype circuits we used pnp transistors as switches since the 3 to 8 decoder can only generate one low output each time We tested the circuits on a breadboard with three led displays and they all worked properly However after we soldered the first prototype circuits with all seven led displays on it we found the last three led displays were always much dimmer than the rest led displays After we talked with Bruce about our circuit problem he suggested us to redesign the circuits using npn transistors and inverters instead We then built our second prototype circuits on the breadboards due to the time limitation The second prototype worked properly after we tested it 48 8 7 le 5 4 36 37 28 3 RESET fg PB SCK PBE MISO 3 2 12 hr w hi ADCS 35 AR AR AN we ADCL ADCO AREF xTAL2 XTALI RESET ND GND ATMEGA 644 32 HE OC1 B INT1 INTO osce OSC 1 SNS SE NNN NU NS N NS NON N S PD PDE PDS PDa PD3 PD2 PD1 PDA PC PCE PCS PC4 PC3 PCe PC1 PCB er Fa 75 58 17 Te TS Ta es Be 37 el Bs 2a al 88 ECE4768 Cornell University Smart Medicine Box Schematic Rev 1 1 Dec 2014 Ming
19. ents While writing codes for our device we didn t copy anyone s previous work We marked the license for the lcd lib h and Icd lib c which were provided by GNU to drive our Icd module In terms of the fifth item listed in the IEEE Code of Ethics we believed we improved our understanding of designing and building medical related device And we believed our device would help user to improve their life quality We also open for any criticism of our device in term of its possible technical problems We acknowledge all the helps and suggestions provided by Bruce our instructor and our TAs We are honest in collecting data from our testers and we didn t falsify our verification and validation process 5 5 Legal Considerations We searched on the webpage of US patent and trademark office for similar devices We found several patents related to the pillbox or pill dispenser but none of them was similar to ours in 13 terms of design Reference Therefore we think our device does not involve any legal and patent issues 14 Appendices A Cost Details Unit Price Component Pill box 1 5 19 seven segment led display 14 ECE digital lab Microcontroller 1 ECE digital lab Atmel 1284p Speaker module 1 ECE digital lab 16 2 LCD module 1 5 79 3x4 keypad 1 4 95 2 pin flat jumper cables 14 14 Total 29 93 B Distribution of Work Mingyuan Huang Overall Hardware Design Prototype Construction Assembly Website Prototype Testing C
20. erm if PushState StillTerm break set the system weekdays if paranum 1 OldPointer Pointer if butnum 8 Pointer Pointer 2 if butnum 9 Pointer Pointer 2 if Pointer lt 0 Pointer 12 if Pointer gt 12 Pointer 0 35 PushState StillType set the system time if paranum gt 1 amp amp paranum lt 4 PushState NoPush switch paranum case 2 if butnum 5 first up minute2 if minute2 gt 5 minute2 0 if butnum 8 first down minute2 if minute2 lt 0 minute2 9 if butnum 6 second up minute1 if minute1 gt 9 minute1 0 if butnum 9 second down minute1 if minute1 lt O minute1 5 break case 3 if butnum 5 first up hour if hour gt 24 hour 0 if butnum 8 first down hour if hour O hour 24 break Box information if paranum gt 4 PushState StillType if butnum 10 amp amp butnum 1 2 36 InputString position butnum 0 position if butnum 10 position InputString position break case StillType scanfkeypad if butnum lastbutnum begin PushState StillType the button is still pressed end else PushState Release the button does released break case Release scanfkeypad if butnum lastbutnum PushState StillType to remove debounce else PushState NoPush go to the first state and press a new character break case StillTerm scanfkeypad if butnum lastbu
21. flag 1 lock 0 break case 18 25 if box i times2eat 2 box i times2eat 3 box i flag 1 hitflag 1 lock 0 break switch yit YIfor scanfkeypad if butnum 10 PushState NoPush paranum 4 lock 0 runflag 0 boxnum 0 if butnum 12 hitflag 0 LCDelr responseb 0 PORTA 0b00000000 for i 0 i lt 7 i box i flag 0 end void StaticString begin switch paranum begin 26 case 0 if lock 0 LCDelr showtime 0 lock 1 break case 1 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p1 0 0 print out m t w lock 1 break case 2 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p2 0 0 lock 1 break case 3 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p3 0 0 lock 1 break case 4 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p4 0 0 lock 1 27 break case 5 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p5 0 0 lock 1 break case 6 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p6 0 0 lock 1 break case 7 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p7 0 0 lock 1 break case 8 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p8 0 0 lock 1 break case 9 if lock 0 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD_p9 0 0 lock 1 break case 10 if lock 0 28 LCDelr CopyStringtoLCD LCD p10 0 0 lock 1
22. hipping time for the solenoids is also too long Therefore we decided to replace the solenoids with the seven segment led displays to achieve the same functionality which is to improve ease of use of the device Since we want to use one microcontroller to achieve all the functionality tradeoffs need to be made between saving pins and complicating the circuits The 1284p microcontroller has 4 ports 28 pins total The LCD module needs 8 pins and the keypad needs 7 pins The speaker module needs a specific pin that is able to send PWM wave Currently we used a seven sub boxes system If we directly use microcontroller to control all seven segment LED displays the rest 2 ports would just be enough However if we need to add more features or add more sub boxes this control mechanism of led displays is definitely inefficient Therefore we decided to use the 74LS138 3 to 8 decoder to control the switches in this case are 2N3904 npn transistors for those LED displays Using 3 to 8 decoder could save us 4 additional pins for future add on features or sub box However using 74LS138 would complicate the circuitry design Current we built the external circuitry on breadboard due to the limitation of time In the future customized PCB board can be used to simplify the circuitry as well as miniaturize the device size 1 4 Software Tradeoffs When we displayed instructions on the LCD screen during initialization process we previously used the scheme deve
23. hould be taken how many times per day it should be taken the amount it should be taken each time and a variable that using later by function that control the LEDs to indicate whether the LED of this box should be light up 2 3 Real time clock The real time clock running in our system is implemented by using MCU 16 bits timer to generate 1 second base Firstly we will open the compare match interrupt service routine and set the compare value to 249 Also we scale the running frequency of timer1 to 1 64 Then the interval time between each interrupt routine is 0 001 second We have a volatile variable to run the clock function every 1000 interrupt routines Then in the clock function it will run like a clock We have separated variable for two digits of seconds minutes and one variable for hours We also have a variable for the weekdays We do not store the year information because we think it is unnecessary 2 4 User interface The user interface is made up of two main components user input and system output User input method is keypad typing System output methods are LCD display and LED digits display as well as audio broadcast LCD Control The LCD library Icd lib c and Icd lib h are from Scienceprog com The functions in the library already finish the fundamental tasks such as showing characters on the screen clean screen etc We use these functions in the library to implement our own system Keypad control For the aim of obta
24. igation and control strategies Verify mitigation and control strategies Risks resulting from use related hazards acceptable es Y Yes O New use related hazards introduced N In the identification of use related hazard scenario stage we identified the potential hazards based on device use description We found several potential hazards that would occur during the use of the device see table below Hazard Description Priority 10 is highes 1 is lowerest electrical shock 10 fire hazard 10 break loose wire 6 short circuit 8 Among all the hazards we thought electrical shock and fire hazards should have the highest priority since these two hazards would not only cause malfunction of the device but also have high risks of causing danger to the user In order to mitigate the risks we decided to cover the 12 entire circuits in an insulated box We also planned to use high burning point material such as metal or plastic for our box in order to lower the fire risk However due to the time limitation we had to choose a paper box for our current device and we didn t cover the entire circuitry Therefore we were still in the strategies implementation stage However for our future work we would still stick to the analysis structure to carefully manage the risks for our device V Conclusions 5 1 Future Work There are several aspects we need to work on our device in the future to meet the user needs Firstly we should deve
25. ining the button that is pushed we have a function for scanning the keypad Firstly set high 4 bits of port to input and low 4 bits to output and get the value of the high 4 bits then inversely do the same task and get the whole value of port Then using this value we get to look up the button table to find out which button we pushed The state machine will execute every 25 milliseconds In state detect we will judge which kind of button is pushed and do different things corresponding to the button such as run flag setting input string updating and changing to next parameter input In the done state we will update each variable in each box s structure and also we will initialize some variable for the next round parameter input Other states in the machine do not have specific function but debounce MaybePush Stilltype DebounceTerm Keypad state machine flowchart 2 5 LED control We use port A of microcontroller to transfer the data for seven segments LED and first three bits of port B to transfer the control signal for the multiplexer Hence Our function related to LED control is mainly controlling all this bits mentions above Depends on the principle of persistence of vision we will show the data of each LED for a short time and then switch to the next one and doing this again and again to keep the LED lighting up In our system the function called led will execute this task according to the scheme mentions above It will run every
26. keypad debounce functionality We use the 16MHz external oscillator to build a real time clock for the device Since the accuracy for the external crystal oscillator has a very high accuracy and based on our calculation our RTC should only delay about several minutes in a week Such error is tolerable since we not particularly used the RTC as an alarm clock The device s logic structure contains three major stages 1 User initialization stage 2 Comparison stage 3 Reminder stage In the user initialization stage the user enters the current time date and pill information including amount and serve time for each type of pill After the user finishing entering all the information the device will enter the comparison stage unless the initialization button is pressed During the comparison stage the system compares the pill information for each of the sub box with the time counted by RTC Once the information entered by the user matches the RTC time the system will jump out of comparison stage and enter the reminder stage In the reminder stage the device will continuously play synthesized voice and the seven segments LED display will show the number of pills needs to be taken on each of the sub box 1 3 Hardware Tradeoffs Initially we planned to use electrical magnetic solenoids to control the open and close of the lids for each of the sub boxes However the size of the solenoids available is not desirable to be attached to the box and s
27. ll during the initialization stage The seven units of seven segment led displays were placed inside the box since they were embedded on the breadboard We filled some hard sponge under the breadboard so that the led displays were close to the surface of 10 the paper box The light intensity of led displays was satisfied that the number displayed can be easily recognized even when lab s fluorescent lamps were all on During the test we found that the light intensity for some led displays was a little different than the others but this would not affect the users to recognize the numbers displayed The speaker was able to produce clear and loud synthesized sound when the comparison stage was triggered When the key was pressed the sound stopped and we were able to see led displays show corresponding numbers without any flicker 4 2 User Evaluation Usability Since our smart pillbox is intended to be used by the user who does not have any electrical engineering background or is not able to operate a complicate system Therefore the user evaluation is crucial for our project in terms of future improvements We planned to do two rounds of user evaluation first round is focused on collecting feedbacks from people who have strong learning ability and set the pill information by themselves Second round of evaluation is focused on collecting feedbacks from users who does not have strong learning ability and need others help to set the pill infor
28. lop strategies and modify the device based on the user evaluation results This includes creating a user manual choosing a larger lcd display using a metal or plastic box to cover the entire circuitry placing the switch and led displays on the surface of the box and using larger pill boxes We should also follow the risk analysis structure to analyze the potential risks and hazards as well as develop strategies to mitigate the risks 5 2 Standards There is a standard in Code of Federal Regulation CFD that concentrates on devices design related to food and drug Title 21 Food and Drugs According to the standard we choose the material for medicine container and other components used in the box such as led and electromagnets We will also design built and code our device based on ANSI standard and IEEE standard 5 8 Intellectual Property Considerations In this project we wrote codes modified from the previous labs we did through the semester Most of the codes were written by us except the lcd lib c and lcd lib h licensed by GNU We designed our device from scratch and did not reverse engineer any past designs for similar products 5 4 Ethical Considerations During the process of designing and building our device we strictly adhered to the IEEE Code of Ethics Our device does not harm one s health or safety and it won t endanger the environment While building the device we used all the lab equipment according to the safety requirem
29. loped in lab 2 that we showed the static texts and dynamic input at the same time However due to the large amount of parameters in our system we cannot use this scheme anymore because that made the response of keypad extremely slow Hence we developed a new scheme for the instruction texts display that will only show the static characters once at the beginning of each status and this method achieved much better result for the response speed of keypad 1 5 Existing Products We found several different pillbox products available in the market The cheapest one was the traditional pillbox which contained seven boxes for seven different days of a week Such pillbox normally cost below 10 However user had to load the pills to the boxes every week Mixing different pills in the same box would increase the risk of making mistakes We also found another type of pillbox which had the sound reminder and was able to remind the user to take medicine at user specified time However the users still have to put different kinds of pills in the same box and reload the boxes every week Additionally It could only remind the user to take pills once a day The average costs of this type of pillbox were about 50 which was still expensive than ours Therefore we think it was necessary to build a cheap and functional smart pillbox that could bring more convenience for the user Il Software Design 2 1 Overall Software design We built a medicine box with an
30. mation We invited some of our friends as our first round users to try our device and give us some feedbacks Due to the limitation space for displaying characters on LCD we were not able to display the instructions on the lcd screen Therefore users needed to have some quick learning on how to use the device After around five minutes of learning tester were able to set the real time clock and pill information for each of the medicine box with out any difficulty In the future we would improve the user interface so that it can be more self explanatory for the user to use It would also be helpful to create a user manual to help the user to use the device Besides that our testers also thought the size of the paper box was a little big when compared with the actual pill boxes mounted on the top Our testers also concerned that the boxes were hard to open and close They also suggested that we should replace the pillboxes with larger ones They also thought it would be better to place the seven segments led displays on the surface of the paper box so that they could read the numbers displayed more easily They also suggested that the switch of the microcontroller should also be placed outside the box and marked since the real users might be have any knowledge about the circuitry We created a table see below in order to list all the suggestions and comments from our testers Problem Solution Priority words displayed on LCD are hard to create a use
31. nts LED display 7 units and a 2x16 characters LCD screen See figure 1 for the schematic layout of our device Functionality of each component Keypad Keypad is used for the user or nurse to enter the specific time when the smart box send reminder displaying numbers and playing synthesized voice It is also used for the user to enter a number to command a specific pillbox to open on a specific day Say open No 1 pillbox on Monday The keypad is also used for stopping the music and led display when the user has taken the pill LCD The 2 line 16 characters LCD screen is used to display the instruction information the number of pills need to be taken and the current time and date Speaker Module The speaker module is used to play the synthesized sound to remind the user to take pill Pill boxes Currently we decide to use a pillbox system containing 7 separate small pillboxes Each box has a seven segment led display placed on the box For our pill system the user can store up to seven different types of pills which can be stored in those seven small separate boxes He or she can also specify the different combinations of pillboxes to be open for each day Microcontroller One Atmel 1284p is used to execute all the commands mentioned above 1 2 Logical Structure Our device uses the state machine and real time clock RTC to provide real time functionality This state machine determines which key has been pressed and provides
32. r manual and use a LCD that is high understand able to display more words on it size of the device is too big find a smaller plastic box medium pill boxes are hard to open purchase a beter one medium place the seven segment led displays on the surface of the box medium led numbers are not easy to read build an additional switch on the surface of the box and mark it pill boxes are too small find bigger boxes low Things we need to improve in the future the switch is hard to find high The priority level is rated based on how severe the problems would affect user to use the pillbox Since our second round testers are mainly the older we decided to conduct the evaluation during the winter break 11 4 3 Safety Our device is used to contain drugs and it is defined as a class device based on the definition of the medical device by FDA Link Therefore safety is one of the most important factor need to be considered We should identify all the possible risks and hazards before we build the device Validation of all the safety factors is also essential after we finish build the device We used the analysis structure see figure below described in Medical Device Use Safety Incorporating Human Factors Engineering into Risk Managementoublished Link by FDA to analyze the risks and hazards in our device Identify and understand use related hazard scenarios Prioritize and assess risks of use related hazards Develop and implement mit
33. tnum PushState StillTerm it s the debounce step so if the button is still pressetd it goes to itself else PushState DebounceTerm break case DebounceTerm scanfkeypad if butnum lastbutnum PushState StillTerm if it s still pressed go to the last state to scan again else PushState Done break 37 case Done lock 0 reset lock if paranum 1 weekdays Pointer 2 1 if paranum gt 4 for int k 0 k lt position 1 k just translate the input string into numberial value begin multi multi 10 end for i 0 i lt position i begin value value int InputString i 0 multi multi multi 10 end int sw paranum 3 boxnum 3 switch sw case 1 for i 0 i lt position i box boxnum dayofweek i InputString i O break case 2 box boxnum times2eat value break case 3 box boxnum amount2eat value boxnum break for int i 0 i lt position i clear the buffer for the input string InputString i position 0 clear variables for the next parameter input multi 1 value 0 38 paranum if paranum gt 25 runflag 1 LCDelr else PushState NoPush break end end int main void begin initialize LCDelr while 1 begin if trtc 0 rtc StaticString if runflag 0 if timeofbuttonRes 0 buttonResponse excute buttonResonse every 100 ms if timeofstatemachine 0 statemachine
34. yuan Huang Page 1 Seven Segment Led Display Control Circuitry 3 5 Speaker Modules and Audio Amplification Circuitry We used a speaker module acquired from ECE digital lab but the output from the microcontroller was not large enough to drive it Therefore we used a sound amplification circuitry based on a LM386 N 1 audio amplifier to amplify the sound from the microcontroller see figure below After we implemented the audio amplification circuitry we were able to generate a much louder sound from the speaker module and we were also able t adjust the sound amplitude ViN 10k DS006976 3 Schematic of the Audio Amplification Circuitry IV Results 4 1 Over Performance The overall performance of our device was satisfied The device was packaged in a paper box which was a little bit large for the device However it was able to cover all the messy wires and electrical components so that the user would not be distracted Moreover the paper box also provided certain isolation ability to lower the electrical shock risks The lcd module and keypad were mounted on the surface of the paper box When the power is on the Icd would display characters with the gentle yellow backlight which allows the user to recognize the characters on the screen even in dark environment With the implementation of statemachine the keypad responded promptly and accurately when we pressed the buttons The long press and backspace features went we
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