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1. j Answer This is dangerous because I have not personally used the tile drainage routine in SWAT But at least one colleague has told me that with tile drainage the lateral flow component was large and not really controllable In the end he concluded that the sum of tile Q lateral Q was the effective flow due to tile drainage He didn t say that the groundwater and base flow component was consequently limited but perhaps it was small in his watershed to begin with in contrast to yours I wonder if you removed tile drainage from your watershed would your model then be responsive to changing the groundwater parameters I realize this may not solve your problem but it might help us better understand what the model is doing Tile drainage is VERY important and we d better be getting it about right I do know there are studies that have concluded that tile drainage has increased base flow so I presume there should be ways in the model to slow the delivery of water via tiles to the river such that it becomes part of the base flow A subsurface tile that receives groundwater discharge is functioning like a new stream channel and additional tile lines simply increase the channel network density They should contribute to base flow like any channel but the increased density should increase the base flow recession rate i e the alpha_bf At least that would be my working hypothesis 52 Uncheck limit HRU output Qu
2. Current number of outlets subbasins 2 Help Minimize Close Answer a I think the your DEM is not complete If you enter the line of the rivers and the lake in the burn in option maybe resolve this problem Answer b I am curious as to where you are locating your outlet s Are those all watershed outlets located around the lake or are they sub basin outlets If they are watershed outlets the model is going to stop modeling at those watershed outlets thus leaving the lake downstream as not modeled If that is the case make sure to have one watershed outlet for your entire watershed including the lake and make sure it is downstream of the lake You should be able to locate sub basin outlets at those locations I do believe 242 Application in CRP fields Question Can swat be used to estimate sediment load from a watershed of nearly 50 acre size Another confusion I have is I want to simulate erosion from CRP Conservation Reserve Program fields but I can t see this land use type in SWAT land use database Is it possible to estimate soil loss from this land use type Answer To run SWAT on a specific area I would create a Mask over that area which would be done during watershed delineation I m not sure how well SWAT would do on an area that small but that is how I would go about it Perhaps you should look into APEX which is a tool that the SWAT creators 169 are finishing up that is designed to si
3. 234 Error occurred in MAKEPCP Question Some users and I have had a big problem in importing weather daily data in Arc SWAT One of users stated it is related to regional settings in control panel in windows But I checked different settings and error still exists In excel 2003 my date format is as below image is attached Also In control panel I have a setting like this Error JPG Please someone help and solve this problem Format Cells Number Alignment Patkerns Protection Category Sample General 01 06 1985 Number Currency Type Accounting Date Wednesday March 14 2001 Time 314 Percentage Si14i01 Fraction pe o3 14 01 Scientific 14 Mar IEE 14 Mar 01 Special Custom Locale location English United States Date Formats display date and time serial numbers as date values Except For items that have an asterisk 3 applied Formats do nok switch date orders with the operating system Customize Regional Options 2 Regional and Language Options RE Customize Regional Options Numbers Currency Time Date Regional Options Languages Advanced Numbers Curency Time Date Sample Language for non Unicode programs Calendar sis Sn This system setting enables non Unicode programs to display menus When a two digit year is entered interpret it as a year be Postive 123 456 788 00 Negative 123 456 769 00 and dialogs in their native language It does not affect Unicode
4. 264 Field Scale Modeling by a Large Scale Model Question SWAT is a large scale hydrological watershed scale model In most countries these are no as accurate land use maps to assess a watershed in field scale So How can we expect SWAT to assess field scale issues such as the effect of crop rotation or management practices on for example water quality If we can not define exact watershed situation specially in terms of land cover and crop rotation and field areas How can we expect such a thing from SWAT Answer Forgive me if my answer seems over simplistic Like any model your results are only as good as the data you provide I suppose for a field scale model you will need input data that are at the field scale as opposed to if your system were at the watershed scale then you will be looking at input data that are at the watershed scale Supposing that you do have field scale data then my feeling is that SWAT should apply just as well since its equations theory seem general enough that they apply whether at the field or watershed scale can someone confirm or disprove this 265 2 years of crop rotation Question If I have a crop grown between 6th month in Ist year until 3rd month in 2nd year Is it necessary to define 2 years in MGT file Is it correct if I define the first crop since 6th month until 3rd month without defining 2 years in MGT file Can SWAT realize that these crops have to be grown after eac
5. Answer b http groups google com group swatuser browse_thread thread 517cclf a Maybe it will help you 233 Shape file soil map preparing Question I used to adopt the fao soil map for my SWAT model Unfortunately some part of my watershed is not covered by the soil map as its resolution is too low I get a 1 1 Million soil map now Originally it is in coverage format I converted the format into shape file and clipped the area for my watershed The attribute table include three columns the area the parameter and the soil code When I load the shape file soil map for my hru analysis the system says that there are no valid field in layer 1 I changed the original field name from soil code into MUID which is shown in the swat example database But the problem is still there Is this related to my user soil database Or is it because of my shape file soil map format Answer The problem has been solved by converting the shape file polygon into GRID raster The soil database has also been organized in a proper way Some soil items in my soil table were set in a wrong way the Soil depth in different layers should be cumulative value For instance one kind of soil has three layers the first layer is 100mm the second layer is 100mm and the third layer is also 100mm But the Sol _Z values in the soil table should be 100 200 and 300 respectively Thank you very much for all who helped me with this mistake Have a nice weekend
6. Building a viable parallel version might be a fun project for us to do while having some beers at a future meeting 203 User soil and land use table for global grids from waterbase org Question I am new to Arc SWAT and I am trying to develop a model for a watershed in west Africa I was able to download land use and soils grids from waterbase org Can someone help me to relate the values in these grids to SWAT soil and land use codes Answer Generally you could find the instructions in the manual which can be download from the Arc SWAT website and you could also find instructions in the Arc SWAT Help file Setup a new project and put the DEM into it 1 Before treating with the soil and land use maps input the soil type land use and the parameters accordingly into the soil land use database in the Arc SWAT menu Edit SWAT Input gt databases gt User soils land cover plant growth first 2 Run the Land use soil slop definition in the menu HRU analysis fill each type with the mouse or load from the relation table files The Arc SWAT Help file has given a good description on it 204 Error with harvest only operation swat 2 3 3 beta version Question I was unable to run SWAT successfully because of some error relating to all my Alfalfa HRU in particular the Harvest only operation which gave me an error message when I tried to edit it So I removed all the harvest only operations and SWAT ran successfully
7. Then I go to database and there I tried to see parameter of septic database In my work I don t need these parameter Even I uncheck soil chem output but still it is coming I think these kind of error Il come later also how i can deal with such problem every time Please help me out of this error Answer Seems like a mismatch between SWAT executable and Arc SWAT version The executable is looking for the newly introduced septic tank module files sep while the input files in Txt In Out were created using a previous version of Arc SWAT which did not automatically produce these files Check Write Input files drop down in Arc SWAT to see if you can write sep files If this option is not available then you either may have to install an updated version of Arc SWAT or use a previous version of SWAT algorithm 117 Auto calibration NOT successful Question I am so sad that auto calibration failed after 7 days running I chose all the flow parameters for 32 sub basins 610 HRUs at one time I think possibly the reason is that too many parameters and too many HRUs Could someone give me some suggestions on how to do manual calibration I did sensitivities analysis use observed flow data and got the rank of parameters Is it necessary to choose the parameters according to the rank Is it necessary to re divide the 300 km2 watershed into less HRUs than 610 Answer I m sorry you re having trouble I know it can be very frustrating
8. crop dat that the model partitions new growth between leaf 20 and woody 80 growth Can you please point me to the equation sub routine this is done Also when stating initial biomass in the management files is this total biomass or leaf biomass If the initial biomass represents total biomass how can the model differentiate between leaf and woody biomass in this initial total estimate The reason I ask is because of my earlier question regarding P and N up take and needs for plant growth At the moment I am finding that all trees in my model are P stressed even though I have put maximum amounts of continuous fertilizer I suspect that because N and P needs are calculated on the proportion of biomass these nutrient needs are too high This is because the model is assuming that all the biomass requires the same amount of N and P but in reality only the leaves and new growth have these high levels Does anyone have any suggestions Just to explain that I consider daily increases in biomass and LAI which is located in the hru output for each hru These daily biomass amounts are in kg ha and not t ha as the header file suggests My final question for those struggling with tree growth in SWAT is regarding PHU to maturity Should I calculate the PHU required for a tree to grow from seed to maturity even if this takes 100 years for example Or are my PHU in the General Management file the sum of heat units for the year of tree growth and the fraction
9. the feasibility of that will depend on the scale and purpose of the model you re developing I m not sure what you mean when you say it has no releases I assume that floodwater does leave the system via drainage after the peak is attenuated If that s the case and you want to simulate the storage and eventual release of water back to the stream system proceed with the reservoir or pond option as you prefer If there are truly no releases i e it s 100 volume retention then just eliminate the drainage area from your model 47 Tributary channel Question How to view the tributary channels in Arc Swat is it the Longest path I think the Reaches are main channels Is this right Answer I think there is no real geo referenced tributary channels in Arc SWAT Tributaries are defined by some physical parameters but you cannot really locate it 48 About water transfer Question In my basin there are currently two existing reservoir name song and nam ngum Water is transferred from Nam Song to Nam N gum I went through the SWAT user manual it says we have to include this information in Watershed configuration file I could not get it can anybody please explain me how to incorporate this water transfer issue Answer I had a look at it SWAT 2009 doc I think there are two possible ways to do this is either using WURESN and WURTMNF in the reservoir file but I think that only helps with the extraction as I don t know
10. 388 MCM and I want to know is there any limit about the reservoir storage capacity in SWAT which variable in res file denote reservoir storage capacity Answer You can set adjust the limits in the swat2009 database s restring table 18 What should I do after auto calibration Question I have run auto calibration Arc SWAT interface successfully with the help from the user s group I reran the calibrated model and was trying to compare the result from output std with the one without calibration however they are the same results If it s wrong what should I next Answer After running auto calibration did you modify the parameters in a subsequent run and save that run as a separate one Also after modifying the parameters did you write swat input files Otherwise the changes don t take effect If not try doing that and see what happens 19 Swat cup error Question I guess there is a bug in Swat cup No matter how I changed the parameters it told me Index was outside the bounds of the array The most weird thing is even I tdeleted all the parameters it still shows the error message Answer I advise checking the ranges of the parameters to be calibrated in swat cup against those in the absolute_swat_values txt file That error usually means that your range exceeds the required ranges in the text file in or more parameters e g if you allow gwqmin to be altered in your calibration by adding 1000 and you already have
11. CH K1 CH N1 Anybody can help me I am using SWAT 2005 Answer To edit input parameter during manual calibration I generally write update queries in Access to alter the tables in the project data base To not clutter up the project data base with my own queries I make a new Access database with links to the input tables in the project data base After modifying the input tables in the project database then they need to be re written to the text files in the TxtInOut folder before running SWAT I do a similar thing for analyzing output data I create my own Access data base with links to the output tables and write queries to extract and manipulate the data I need Note that you must have Arc SWAT read the output text files into the output database first after your model run The capability for Access to manipulate input and output data is tremendously useful I think it s a great improvement in Arc SWAT from previous versions You just have to remember that SWAT itself reads and writes text files in the TxtInOut folder Anytime you modify the input tables in the database you need to write those results as text files to TxtInout And after running the model you need to read the output text files from TxtInout into the output database There you can use the power of Access SQL to extract the specific data you need 17 Reervoir storage capacity Question I have one reservoir within the watershed having gross storage capacity
12. I am a new user of Arc swat I want to delineate watershed from DEM I have downloaded SRTM data but the arc swat wants the data in grid format I have tried converting the data in Arc GIs using save as grid but it is not working Answer I think SWAT directly use SRTM DEM i did my work using SRTM data directly without any editing U may change the selection of DIM format option while u work in SWAT directly 163 Initial conditions Question Anyone has idea how swat determines the initial conditions of stream stages I know we can specify the soil water content and groundwater levels Can we specify the initial stream stages too Answer One thing you can do is when you go to run SWAT in your Printout Settings set your NYSKIP to 0 and if you have it set to daily you can get an idea of how low your flows start When I did this it does look like the streams start dry As CJ said this is why you need to have a warm up period of at least 2 years although I usually do 4 164 Change of projection Question I develop my DEM in geographic coordinate system and later wanted to change it to projected coordinate system Asia Everest India Nepal prj Lambart Conformal Conic But I failed as it is showing that map is already defined projection My question if projection once defined can we change it to some other projection system It should be However I am not able to do it Answer Are you using Arc GIS Try p
13. I would use the Arc GIS interface if you can afford it Otherwise there is an open source GIS software version available and I also like to see open source software used and supported 195 Or perhaps you re just interested in manipulating some of the input files for other purposes The structure of these files should be given in the SWAT Input Output manual Or if you know someone with SWAT already installed and running just get them to send you their TXTINOUT folder so you can look at the input files directly Running one of the tutorial examples should give you everything you d need Answer b Here is the link to MWSWAT http www waterbase org THE END
14. If you leave Qual2E off this chlorophyll passes downstream unaltered If you turn Qual2E on if I remember the chlorophyll levels drop rapidly and phosphorus levels increase beyond what was delivered from the sub basin I personally think this extra phosphorus is extraneous it s an extra amount that comes from SWAT thinking that the added chlorophyll was from algae which have a phosphorus content that is released upon decomposition It s a useful exercise to run SWAT without Qual2E and then run it with Qual2E turned on and see how much your phosphorus loads increase I m not sure how chlorophyll is handled in reservoirs I think it just looks at the P concentration mineral organic or both and produces a chlorophyll content from a simple regression equation I presume it passes this chlorophyll downstream 28 Scripting swat i o files hru in sub vs hru modeled Question I am working on a tool to automate the lup dat file generation and respectively modefing the swat input There I found the following trouble I setup a SWAT project with Arc SWAT In the sub files of the sub basins is HRUTOT a number and a list of HRU files checking this files in the folder I find for some sub basins more hru files and their relatives then listed in the sub file Is there anybody who could explain this What is the impact of that onto my simulation Answer Ann van Griensven figured the problem out Those HRUs which were not considered liste
15. Question Is it possible that some grid in the sub basin is not defined as one of the listed HRU in HruLandUseSoilRepSwat txt For example in sub basin 1 in my case there is one grid with soil type A5 and land use type Rice However there is no HRU defined by the combination them in sub basin 1 It seems that both the area for soil and land use exceed the threshold I setup for HRU distribution Answer Is it possible that you re looking at a txt file that includes all land uses before you filtered them during HRU definition There may be a very small area with that land use in Sub basin 1 but if you applied a land use filter it would be removed and would not show up in the final HRU table 129 Short wave radiation and long wave radiation Question Did you use the solar radiation data provided by NCEP NARR for US Why the long wave radiation is larger than short wave radiation in this dataset To my understanding the shortwave radiation almost take up all the solar radiation because the Sun generate most energy in the short wave region what data do you usually use for the solar radiation in SWAT simulation Answer SWAT input is short wave solar radiation However you d better not use radiation data from NARR It is about 30 overestimation or even worse for some regions 130 Editing reach file after watershed delineation CLARIFICATION Question I ve delineated my watershed have entered land use soils slope weat
16. d Canim Ch_Cov Ch Erd MAXN NGS ISTAT IGOC 20000 10 1 0 KSTOP ISEED IPROB NINTVAL 5 1667 3 10 PERCENTO NSPL Observed data file name Po 5 C AUsers Reza Uni Tasks a Calibration Method PARASOL sim5 Slope mm0 5 5 10 10 15 W 15 20 E 20 9999 E amp SwatSoilClass LandSoils4 Classes E sange azarin konglomera Bi sange ahak silt sange mast W loam sandy loam W khake kamomghe sangrizei E tappe sheni Parameter LoBound UpBound iMet b Aipha 0 1 1 n2 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 C Users Reza Uni Tasks Graduate Thesis sis9 sis9 mdb File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Tools Window Help OSHS exo celma J v gory ae SWAT Project Setup Watershed Delineator HRU Analysis Write Input Tables Edit SWAT Input SWAT Simulation Auto Ca AttoCalibration Input Auto Calibretion Output Calibration Output Evaluations objmet dat Choose Parameter Objective Function Fow Sed M MonitoringPoint lt all other values gt Type OF Weight x fo Linking stream added Outle Precipitation Gage a Temperature Gage oA Outlet lt all other values gt Type Linking stream added Outle aM Reach amp M Watershed LongestPath 8 Slope m0 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 E 20 9999 B M SwatSoilClass LandSoils4 Classes W sange azarin konglomera E sange a
17. it is not giving effectively results for daily basis While I am putting land use data Soil map define soil hydrological group rainfall min max temp wind speed amp RH respectively I want to know which factors is more responsible for sediment yield simulation in SWAT Model Answer You can control via the landscape HRUs Ponds amp Wetlands and the channel Hopefully you can obtain a conceptual estimate of how much sediment loss occurs from your fields By examining your HRU sediment yield you can tell if your landscape parameters are correct If not you will need to adjust the landscape parameters Then you can adjust SPCON SPEXP which controls the balance between deposition and degradation in the channel If you have lots of channel erosion you can use the CH_COV and CH_EROD Please note if your hydrologic calibration is poor your sediment calibration will likely be the same Ensure that the water budget is properly simulated before tackling the sediment calibration 92 Error code 13 Question I am facing an error in running the SWAT model The error window is Error calling unlink for file c avs2000 new I scenarios default text in out basins bsb returned error code 13 Answer If it would be possible for you to use our latest version I think it would benefit you The version that you are using is very old 74 and not supported anymore Please review your options for Arc SWAT from the following link
18. the auto calibration on snowmelt increased N S to 0 77 and my PBIAS to 2 2 My N for seasonal flow is 14 for winters and 15 for spring it s lower for winter defined as winter as Dec Jan Feb because I m beginning my simulation in January I see similar patterns on monthly flow I have two questions A Has anyone seen a PBIAS for seasonal flow that is 30 or more This seems a bit high to me but Moriasi et al 2007 indicates that PBIAS up to 25 on monthly flow is acceptable B Even more important would I be correct in assuming that my primary goal should be maximization of N S and then to just use PBIAS if the values fall within an acceptable range and not work actively to calibrate based on N S Answer Yes you should really try to balance good NSE and PBIAS statistics If you must compromise one vs the other consider what you ll be doing with the model output How would a poorer PBIAS affect the application vs a poorer NSE If you re concerned primarily with runoff vs low flow periods which statistic is more important to optimize Is there a range of flows that you re model is performing worse for than others and how does this affect each statistic You might want to run the NSE and PBIAS calculations for certain flow regime high medium low etc or for a certain time frame spring summer fall etc depending on how you ll use the predicted flows Try to obtain the best statistics for the range of data that ma
19. I am currently working a simulation that is requiring me to change the land use file and then run SWAT Thus far I have been able to change the TIF file Here is the method for that 1 Convert the original land use TIF file to ASC 2 Open the ASC file in Excel 3 Use Matlab or manually change numbers 4 Save the spreadsheet with headers and footers as txt delimited 5 Change the file extension to ASC 6 Reformat using Map Window the ASC to TIF 7 Load the new TIF land use in Step 2 of the SWAT for land use data The problem is at step 7 I add the new TIF file but get the general error message Does anyone have any insight into this Basically how to change a current TIF file so that I can use it for another run Answer a Why so difficult why don t you just change the text input files from SWAT rather than using ARCGIS You can easily write a script in Matlab to change all the text files 134 Answer b You don t need to rewrite the files in Matlab if you don t want to Change the information in the master database using the interface tools for update mgt files and then re write the mgt files BTW gt once the overlay and HRU selection is completed the GIS portion is over in SWAT The model does not reference back to GIS layers and relies only on the text input files so changing the text files is sufficient in running different land use scenarios 189 Conversion to Grassland Land use BMP Questi
20. I use calibration parameters different than sensitivity parameters Can I use some additional parameters in auto calibration Answer I think that normally you would do the sensitivity analysis before calibration so that you could find out which parameters to included in the calibration The sensitivity analysis will likely show that making large changes in some of the parameters will not change your output much These parameters would fall at the bottom of the ranking list if your doing the sensitivity analysis using Arc SWAT This allows you to reduce the number of parameters in the auto calibration so that the auto calibration will find the optimal set of parameter values found will more likely be the GLOBAL optimum and will be found more quickly In general the more parameters the longer to find the global optimum especially if parameters are included that don t have much impact on the output Whatever algorithm you use for auto calibration for example Parasol which includes SCE UA it will likely waste time trying to make sense out of parameters that don t really impact the output much Now if you want to include parameters in the auto calibration that weren t included in the sensitivity analysis I would re do the sensitivity analysis first with them included I think it ll save you a lot of time in the long run If for some reason you cannot include them in the sensitivity analysis then I would first exclude any that you fee
21. I ve noticed in my watersheds when rainfalls exceed 100 mm then SWAT seems to significantly overestimate flows and consequent erosion This would lower your largest model peaks and maybe allow you to shift the other parameters a bit to match some of the smaller peaks The N S coefficient is sensitive to the peaks so this should improve your fit 73 Trend analysis in historical climate data Question This question might be a bit off the track but I am still curious I have precipitation maximum and minimum temperature data on a daily basis for my study watershed for a period of 59 years My question is what is the procedure to analyze study the seasonal variation and the trend of the data for precipitation and temperature in my watershed for these many years Answer a The seasonal Kendall test or Mann Kendall would work but be sure to remove any autocorrelation beforehand b c the literature has concluded that autocorrelation could greatly improve the odds of getting a statistically significant result when one really doesn t exist I would download the Makesens program which is an MS Excel macro and which computes the test for you and the user manual for it is really good Google makesens and the spreadsheet and program is the second link that comes up Answer b I think aggregating the data to the seasonal level is a good idea and then analyze your seasonally aggregated time series for example Winter 1960 Winter 1961 Wint
22. Maurer Long range experimental hydrologic forecasting for the eastern United States JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH VOL 107 NO D20 4429 doi 10 1029 2001JD000659 2002 42 Calibration Versus Validation model efficiency Question I have few absurd in calibration and validation phase of SWAT model The calibration step come out with suitably sufficient model efficiency while the validation phase is characterized with significantly low model efficiency values I am tracing the root cause but could not able to figure them out rightly Is it due to the fact that the calibration phase which brings sufficiently good model result is not representative of the catchments property or there is an inherent problem in the model to generate the validation phase output Please kindly clear such vague in due course and suggest the appropriate step I am supposed to follow Answer Two possible reasons are as follows 1 Over parameterization This happens when you adjust too many parameters for the amount of observed data you have during the calibration period As an extreme example suppose you calibrate at the monthly time step and your calibration period is only two years but you have 12 parameters in auto calibration Well then you could probably get a very high model efficiency for the calibration period because so many parameters with so few data points means that some of the parameters are likely adjusted to account for random effec
23. W loam sandy loam Mi khake kamomghe sangrizei E tappe sheni al i Display Source aiO Aw amp Drawing A Auto Calibration and Uncertainty fe e ss Asto Calibration Input Auto Calibration Output Calibration Output Evaluations objmet dat Choose Parameter Objective Function Row Sed Org Concentration Load Sensitivity Org No3 2 OF Weight fro Parameter Objective Fun Conc Load AutoCalNum Weight Flow 1 1 1 1 Delete Selected From List Model Output Evaluations responsmet dat Choose Parameter Average Threshold Criteria Flow Sed OrgN Org Threshold Concentration Load Sensitivity Add To List Parameter Flow 1 1 1 0 Delete Selected From List Write Input Files Run Auto Calibration Cancel 5693734996 30401053 975 Meters Ci Users Reza Uni Tasks Graduate The Eile Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Tools Window D eag x 11 14939 SWAT Project Setup Watershed Delineator HRU Analysis Name Date taken M ME Tags MonitoringPoint lt all other values Type e Linking stream Precipitation C 2 Temperature C Outlet lt all other valu Type Linking strearr Reach Watershed EI LongestPath Slope mo 5 m 5 10 m1015 W 15 20 20 9999 Classes Soil amp Water PC Ue executing ecuting ut ing ecut ing ution suc
24. You can use the command 4 to transfer water from one subbasin where your first reservoir is to another subbasin where your second reservoir is While this is not physically moving it from reservoir to reservoir it will do the same thing If your subbasin is relatively small compared to your reservoir you would have the same effect page 33 35 in the io doc 89 SWAT 2009 user s manual Question Please can someone tell me where I can find the SWAT 2009 user s manual The Arc SWAT user s manual makes reference to it but I can t find a copy to download Answer The SWAT 2009 user s manual has not been released yet You can check back periodically at http swatmodel tamu edu documentation I am sure the folks at Texas will also post an update on this user group site announcing the release on the input output and the theoretical documentation 90 Long lat of each HRU Question Does anybody know how to obtain the long lat for each HRU I need that for spatial mapping Answer I tried to create HRU feature class by checking it when overlaying the land cover soil and slope Then I exported the FULL HRU and opened the attribute table then I added a field then I went to calculate Geometry then I got X coordinate of the centurion and Y coordinate of the centurion of each HRU 91 Simulation for sediment yield Question This is Visual Singh from NIH Rookie India When I am simulating SWAT for Sediment yield
25. add point sources also to flow in and sedin Flow out and setout also includes any losses or gain such as channel seepage evaporation sediment deposition or scouring 256 Hourly rainfall data Question If anyone of you have ever used HOURLY rainfall data My question is after giving the Weather Station ID Name XPR YPR location file Dbase file and giving the NAME as the name of the file containing GAUGE location data ID name XPR YPR ELEVATION dbase file I am not able to figure out where does SWAT asks for the file containing the values of rainfall Where should I give the file containing hourly rainfall data Answer Keep the hourly rainfall data file in the folder where you have placed GAUGE location data file SWAT should automatically pick it up if the NAME matches with filename of the hourly data 257 Defining the reservoir in the model Question I want to define a reservoir at the outlet of watershed it needs a dbf file for monthly outflow data namely resmono dbf There is no example referring the format of this file and the explanations in the user manual is not clear as I followed the instruction but by entering the dbf file to reservoir module but an error message appears attempt to edit read only field Mores I have attached dbf file input to the model and the snapshot of error Answer I have not created such a file so I do not have an example file to share with you I do have a couple consideration
26. calibration routine T Guidelines for using the sensitivity analysis and auto calibration tools for multi gage or multi step calibration in SWAT PDF 1309K Download 32 SWAT RUN NOT Successful Question My SWAT Model is not run successful it showing the following error the file I am attaching with this mail acc to my knowing the error in File CIO Soil amp Water Assessment Tool Program reading from file cio executing Ima kerne 132 d11 DEX forrtl severe 24 end of file during read unit 1 file D file cio PC i C Version Rout ine Line Source 06A47F9 Unknown Unknown Unknown 046A4657 Unknown Unknown Unknown 68693834 Unknown Unknown Unknown 86A3C692 Unknown Unknown Unknown 00698545 Unknown Unknown Unknown G488CE GETALLO 124 getallo 004DC995 MAIN 71 main f 06E 719 Unknown Unknown Unknown G6C5SBB9 Unknown Unknown Unknown 2081706 Unknown Unknown Unknown Answer Comparing your file CIO with mine The only difference I see is that you do not have the SLRFILE RHFILE and WNDFILE file names set on yours file CIO Yours SLRFILE name of solar radiation file RHFILE name of relative humidity file WNDFILE name of wind speed file cst cst FCSTFILE name of forecast data file Watershed Modeling Options basins bsn BSNFILE name of basin input file Database Files crop dat PLANTDB name of plant growth database file till dat TILLDB name of tillage database file pes
27. database I found that the dbf files do not work very well if created in excel 2003 I exported all of my weather data to Access and saved them as dbf 5 V files and then did not modify them from that point on It worked fine when I did this 102 Auto calibration error Question However I ve got a successful run and sensitivity analysis from SWAT but I have problems with auto calibration Attached please find the rar file I ve prepared it includes my flow observation file auto calibration input and out put windows and the error which appeared for less than a second on screen I ll be grateful if you tell me my mistakes that caused this error and resulted in the window SWAT run NOT successful a C Users Reza Uni Tasks Graduate Thesis sis9 sis9 mdb File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Tools Window Help X a om gb i1938 MERA SWAT Project Setup Watershed Delineator Y HRU Analysis Write Input Tables Edit SWAT Input SWAT Simulation Y t snd Uncert Auto Calibration Input Auto Calbration Output Analysis Location SWAT Simulation sm1 sim2 sim3 T Input Setti B MY MonitoringPoint Input Settings lt all other values gt Type Linking stream added Outle Precipitation Gage e Temperature Gage E M Outlet lt all other values gt Type Linking stream added Outle a M Reach Calibration Parameters a W Watershed Ghoceo RA Biomix LongestPath Blai
28. ex inputs directory under arc swat databases directory 259 Is this an error in SWAT source code Question Is there anyone notice that the description of phosphorus cycling in HRU in the SWAT2005 Theoretical Documentation is different to the equation in the source Fortran code In SWAT2005 Theoretical Documentation page 204 the movement of phosphorus between the solution and active mineral pools is defined in equation 3 2 3 2 P sol act ly P Solution ly minP act ly pai 1 pai And When P sol act ly is positive phosphorus is being transferred from solution to the active mineral pool When P sol act ly is negative 0 1 P sol actly is being transferred from the active mineral pool to solution However in SWAT2005 source code see below I found that in when P sol act ly is positive 0 1 P sol act ly is being transferred from solution to the active mineral pools I can not find that original Phosphorus cycling paper But I feel that maybe the correct code is if rmn1 lt 0 rmn1 rmn1 In pminrl f sol_actp Ikg P ha lamount of phosphorus stored in the active mineral phosphorus pool sol_solp Ikg P ha lamount of phosphorus stored in solution rmn1 sol_solp 1 j sol_actp 1 j rto if rmn1 gt 0 rmnl rmn1 1 rmnl Min rmn1 sol_solpd j sol_solp 1 j sol_solp j rmn1 sol_actp 1 j sol_actp j roc rmn1 Answer linye8 SWAT2000 code is con
29. fresh version of Statwgn dbf and try again after making a copy somewhere for reference 123 Water Transfer issues in SWAT Question Does anyone has experience on water transferring issues in SWAT I am dealing a catchments where water is transferred from one sub basin to another subbasin using pipe for reservoir hydro power production How to deal this issues in SWAT In MIKE or HEC there are options for water transfer but I don t know how to do in SWAT Does anybody has experience Answer There may be multiple ways of simulating this but here is one idea You could designate a suitable HRU within a receiving subbasin as a pothole Potholes are depression areas within a sub watershed in which water can be stored for some time A pothole can receive water from the main stream of any other subbasin using the irrigation operation If you have the necessary measured data then this may be a viable option Note that potholes also receive water from runoff Depending on your study area you could control this by adjusting amount of area that drains into the pothole HRU 124 Weather generator stations Question I m having three stations in my watershed each one for precipitation all weather parameters except solar radiation and solar radiation I ll be using custom database and data collected at these stations will be used for calculating statistics Since the stations are separate should my custom database location file not individ
30. gives error 2 I choose outlets in watershed delineation process But I don t know how I can use them in sensitivity analysis Do I have to use their ID when selecting sub basin numbers for sensitivity analysis Answer a use the excel option of formatted text space delimited option prn to save the file and rename the extension to txt if you want it set the column width to 5 5 14 for year Julian day and flow not sure what you are asking about watershed outlets and sensitivity analysis You need at least one location either sub basin outlet or watershed outlet to perform sensitivity analysis for all the sub basins above that point of selection Answer b 1 You can save in Excel as a prn file and type observed txt with the quotes as the file name That will save the file as a space delimited You still have to add a single space before the years column 2 Figure out which sub basin outlet you have data for That is the sub basin you use My outlet is on sub basin 1 so I use sub basin 1 for sensitivity and calibration Answer C to make the observed txt file in excel first you have to assign the correct column with and then save it as prn file after this you can change the extension of the file to txt The outlets will form sub basins to assign the outlets in the sensitivity analysis you have to use the number of the sub basin that correspond to this outlet 196 Changed to address of the project Question I ha
31. gt default gt tables out and then choose the sub basin in which you are interested out of the access table 58 Error Question Surjido me a problem is that when I type in the location definition weather data from my station for all the variables I get the following error error in file occurred in Make Temp at 98 Answer You should check again file tmp about format data 59 How can we get sub basin wise shallow and deep aquifer recharge Question Is it possible to get subbsain wise shallow and deep aquifer recharge Is it fine to sum up the values obtained for shallow and deep aquifer recharge in hru output file subbsain wise to get the results Answer I think this should work I forget how the data are reported for each HRU but if it s in millimeters mm you ll need to multiply the mm of recharge by the HRU area to get volumes then add up those volumes to get the total for a subbsain 60 Updating a parameter in Arc SWAT Question I am just wondering about the best way to change update a parameter in Arc SWAT Suppose I want to increase my CN by 5 percent for selected HRU s should I go back to the Edit Input section and make the necessary changes for the respective HRU s or there is a more convenient way to deal with this Answer I recommend you use SWAT CUP to do it You can also update the values in mgt using MATLAB or equivalents and then simply run swat exe 61 Subbsain surface adapted
32. if you can have negative extraction I haven t tried this but maybe you can adjust the code 49 The other option is the fig file You can use the command 4 to transfer water from one sub basin where your first reservoir is to another sub basin where your second reservoir is While this is not physically moving it from reservoir to reservoir it will do the same thing If your sub basin is relatively small compared to your reservoir you would have the same effect page 33 35 in the io doc 49 SEDIMENT YIELD RESULTS Question How does one relate sediment simulation results obtained at HRU level with expected results at farm level considering that the entire HRU may not be implemented with BMP in practice Answer I am not sure if I understand your question correctly But BMP implemented in a HRU affect the loading from entire HRU The HRU framework does not allow direct transfer of HRU results to farm results due to its fragmented topology When transferring HRU scale BMP effectiveness at the farm scale there is always going to be some level of error because of spatial aggregation desegregation 50 Land use code Question We are facing immense difficulty while loading the land use land cover data as per the SWAT land use code as because in Indian scenario a substantial portion of hilly region lies under wasteland snow rocky or similar type of barren area But in SWAT 2009 there is no such parameter code for reclassif
33. in the absolute_swat_values txt file e g if gwqmin is maxed out at 5000 in absolute_swat_values txt and increasing it by 10 within your sufi2 project gives a gwqmin of 5002 the error will be generated 24 Initial conditions Question I m using MW Swat I wish know which is the initial condition of soil moisture that uses SWAT for default Is the average moisture I have to calibrate my basin Which is the appropriate criterion to initialized the model for soil moisture and others important parameters Answer You can set initial soil moisture for all the soils using the variable FFCB in the bsn input file 25 SWAT calibration for nitrogen nitrate Question I was wondering if somebody could help me out in calibrating my model for nitrogen nitrate I tried everything but nothing works I really don t know where I am committing the mistake Somehow I am not able to reduce the amount of NO3 leached and therefore getting very low amount of NO3 in surface runoff I have changed NPERCO value to maximum i e 1 but still NO3 is very low in surface runoff I have used following values for various nitrogen variable in the model RCN 1 0 CMN 0 0015 CDN 0 0 SDNCO 1 0 NPERCO 1 0 N_UPDIS 5 0 ERORGN 0 SOL_ORGN 100 for all soil types SOL_NO3 0 0 for all soil types Here is the model output summary for nutrients which clearly indicate low NO3 in surface runoff and high leached NO3 NUTRIENTS ORGANIC N 0 276
34. me to find this variable or any link between sub basin and route blocks of the model Answer I haven t seen a response to your question so I ll try from memory The three forms of phosphorus delivered from the land HRUs and subbasins 106 are basically 1 soluble P 2 particulate mineral P and 3 particulate organic P here I ll call them sol_P min_P and org_P The particulate forms include I think both active easily desorbed and stable forms of P In addition groundwater can deliver P to the channel I ll call that gw_P When these 3 forms of phosphorus are delivered to the reach they are converted into the two categories which is what I presume Qual 2e requires called mineral and organic P Here I ll call them reach_min_P and reach_org_ P The output from the subbasin sol_P min_P org_P gw_P equals the input to the reach reach_min_P reach_org_P This conversion is confusing but I believe it s close to the following reach_min_P sol_P gw_P active_min_P active_org P reach_org_P stable_min_P stable_org_P You really should double check that this is what the code is doing I m operating from memory This conversion results in the convention that reach_min_P fraction essentially equals the dissolved P content in the reach and the reach_org_P fraction essentially equals the particulate P content in the reach including P adsorbed to mineral particles I ve always been somewhat uncomfo
35. of this forum In our case we are using an hourly time step but I don t think this is the problem and there is a change of platform Windows gt Linux between configuration AVSWAT and production compiler for Linux executable either Fort or GFORTRAN If I can find a solution to this very particular problem before the project Iam working on is finished I ll post it on this forum 252 Consistency between executables and sources 2003 2005 Question I found several clues of the following problem on this forum but no definitive answer unless I missed something big Due to operational constraints process automation we are interested in running SWAT on a Linux platform The configuration is done under Windows using the latest SIG interface AVSWAT but all the ASCII input files are then copied onto the Linux box via an archive of the Txt In Out directory taking care of end of line coding issues The SWAT Fortran sources were downloaded from the SWAT website to the Linux box and compiled using either Ifort or Gfortran The executable is then run under Linux with the configuration developed under Windows This process was okay with older versions of SWAT and or its Arc View interface but seems to be broken now Switching back to windows executables I discovered the following the Windows executable that can be downloaded from the SWAT website is a swat2003 exe running this one gets me into trouble 2003_2005 png actual
36. on the water surface calculated in SWAT2005 From the subroutine subbsain we know that if the HRU is WATR only evaporation from the HRU is calculated and no land surface hydrological process is needed So I am wondering where is this part of rainfall going Your any suggestion would be appreciated Answer From looking at my output tables it appears SWAT handles the WATR land use type in the following way 1 in output table hru a The HRUs with WATR land use type do not contribute to flows SURQ LATQ GWQ etc It s unclear to me if the net atmospheric exchange P ET is stored anywhere in the model my guess is that itis ignored b The effective water yield WYLD for the subbsain is calculated as follows i as the area weighted WYLD of the other HRUs i e EXCLUDING those with WATR as land use or 1i if all HRUs in the subbsain are of WATR land use then WYLD 0 2 in output table sub a the WYLD of the ENTIRE subbsain is taken to be the area weighted WYLD as describe above I e the WATR HRUs are assumed to generate flow at the same rate as the area weighted WYLD determined from the other HRUs Flow generated by the subbsain is calculated as subbsain area WYLD To summarize at the subbsain level the areas of WATR are now not ignored but presumed to generate flows at the same WYLD that was determined from the other HRUs 3 in the output table rch a You should be able to confirm that subbsain a
37. problem got When I used my laptop this problem happened to me again I tried to rewrite the mgt file But it didn t work Then somebody suggested to rewrite the crop data It worked again 240 Dealing with wetlands Question I am modeling an agricultural watershed in which 10 of the area is covered by wetlands and approx 90 of the watershed contributes flow to these wetlands spread evenly all over the area I have 51 sub basins and for each of these sub basins I have calculated the WET_FR WET_NSA and WET_NVOL My preliminary assumption is that WET_NSA WET_MXSA and WET_NVOL WET_MXVOL and I have set WET_K as 0 5mm hr Flow generally occurs from April October months so I have set IFLODI as 4 April and IFLOD2 as 10 October My trouble is that I am not seeing any difference between having and not having wetlands in my model For both cases there is no difference in aggregate monthly flow values for entire study area as well as for individual sub basins I tried changing WET_FR from 0 6 to 0 06 and WET_NSA from 400 ha to 4 ha along with WET_VOL from 380 10 4 m3 to 3 8 1044 m3 and there was only a 10 reduction in flow Can anybody share their experiences dealing with wetlands in the new version of SWAT I am using the Arc SWAT ver 2 0 Answer 1 I expect that if you start with NVOL MXVOL then the wetlands will spill all runoff they receive immediately rather than letting the outflow to follow a target number of days NDTARG t
38. program 203 User soil and land use table for global grids from waterbase org 204 Error with harvest only operation swat 2 3 3 beta version 205 Tutorial 206 Potential Heat Units 207 Outxx out file save conc 208 What is the system requirements of Arc SWAT 2 1 4a 209 Rainfall Data format in SWAT 210 Minimum area of watershed to run swat 211 Reservoir 212 Batch run 213 Flow out problem without put rch 214 HRU Threshold Failure 215 Zero flow 216 no subject 217 How many times will auto calibration run 218 SWAT Source Code 219 About out put hru with arc swat 2 1 4a 220 Create weather generator 221 PCP falling on the water surface 222 Modeling Phosphorus 223 HRU Definition error 224 Overlaying to land use and soil map 225 SWAT Calibration help needed 226 Regarding rivers 227 Runoff and Eva transpiration on SWAT Part I 228 SWAT based on grid cells 229 Error in SWAT2005 230 Help needed 231 How SWAT understand the sub basin 232 Urgent Help Needed 233 Shape file soil map preparing 234 Error occurred in MAKEPCP 235 Source Code Compilation 236 Interpret error message of unsuccessful run 237 ArcSWAT2 1 4 Water Yield 238 APEX Model Download 239 SWAT run NOT successful 240 Dealing with wetlands 241 Lake Representation in AVSWATX 242 Application in CRP fields 243 Question on auto calibration not stoppin 244 SWAT 2005 input amp out
39. questions are stupid but I start to study this model only recently and have a few questions to ask you The first question that assault me is how the SWAT model see the sub basin I don t think that SWAT calculates the path of water on the sub basin until it reach the channel but instead uses some type of simplification like transform the sub basin in a single hill slope based on the mean declivity of the sub basin for example Is it true How the SWAT see the sub basin for the different calculations like runoff infiltration lateral flow Answer a The SWAT theory manual does a good job of explaining most of the basic concepts and many of the details you have a lot of reading ahead of you But briefly SWAT uses the HRU concept In each sub basin SWAT lumps all areas of the same land use soil type and slope into a single aggregate unit called a hydrologic response unit HRU I envision an HRU as a very large field bordered on its downstream edge by the stream channel SWAT does all its calculations of infiltration runoff sediment transport nutrient transport plant growth etc for each HRU A sub basin may have any number of HRUs it depends on how many unique combinations of land use soil and slope there are in the sub basin and how much detail you allow SWAT to see you may tell SWAT to ignore combinations that are very small for example So if your sub basin has 5 HRUs I would envision it as
40. right thing to do But for what water you do have contributing to recharge in SWAT the GW_DELAY parameter can have great influence on the seasonality of base flow contributions A long 300 days GW_DELAY will give a nearly flat base flow over the course of a year whereas a short 5 10 days GW_DELAY will give pronounced seasonal swings in base flow 180 Missing value 99 Question I have three question about weather input data The first question is it right 99 is the missing value used for all weather variables no matter it is precipitation or temperature wind etc The second question sometimes the whole month or year s data could be missing if we replace them all with 99 how the SWAT will run the input situations and get reliable outputs for us Is there a limit requirement that if the missing values are so frequent that the data are not applicable The third one among the five input weather variables ppt temperature wind speed radiation and relative humidity which ones are more important so that we have to use measured data instead of weather generator data to get better results Answer 1 Yes 99 is the correct entry for any missing values 2 This is a complicated question that depends on the size of your study area how many weather stations you have your time period what 128 you want to study how many sub basins the simulated weather affects etc The simulated weather is based on historical averages
41. scenarios of MONRE 2009 Answer b You can download the GCM runs from the website https esg Inl gov 8443 home publicHomePage do which is the WCRP CMIP3 multi model database You need register as user first 84 Maximum number of outlets Question Is there a maximum number of outlet points that can be used in the model Answer It will be 99999 outlets 85 In SWAT modeling Question I have been trying to compare SWAT simulation result for discharge against observed data on monthly basis However I come to learn that there are two options for simulated discharge one is from reach as FLOWOUT in m3 s and the other one is from Sub basin as WATER YIELD in mm I expect both simulation results should be the same But working out some sub basins with u s draining watershed do not have the same values So which outflow water yield do I use for comparison purposes The second question is Observed discharge data format Is there any automatic option to convert EXCEL format discharge data into txt format maintaining all the spaces suggested by the user manual Answer a Use the FLOWOUT from the reach to compare to observed flow records This includes the water yield from the local subbasin plus input from the next upstream reach if any minus any transmission loss seepage out of the channel if your K gt 0 I frankly don t know if the model calculates atmospheric exchange precipitation additions and evaporative losses over
42. some HRU with gwqmin values of 4967 you will get that error because according to absolute_swat_values txt the maximum value for gwqmin is 5000 20 Sub basin output and observation Question I am wondering how can I get the output for each sub basin I checked the rch and sub and couldn t find it Another question is how to get the observation file for each sub basin I can only find the one in the outlet which is from USGS gages Answer After you run SWAT be sure to do SWAT simulation gt read SWAT output and then make a check mark next to output rch output sub etc and then save the simulation I d open up Microsoft access go to your scenarios folder choose the scenario which would be default if you didn t save a particular run gt tables out and then on the right hand side of the screen double click on rch If you don t follow the steps in the Ist paragraph though nothing will appear in Microsoft access 21 Using SWAT to forecasting flash flood Question I wonder if the SWAT model can predict flash flood in real time or not and there have been any studies on this issue yet Answer SWAT was not developed for simulating the flood event But You can try to calibrate the model with historic floods in the sub daily mode 22 LAI reached during simulation is too low Question I am modeling poplar and wheat for a river catchments in central Germany The aim of the work is to compare the water bal
43. soon as a iteration is finished or 65 we are supposed to change them manually Also what exactly is meant by the behavioral simulation In my case I had a simulation of 500 and in the summary stat table I found that the behavioral solution are 404 I did not change the default behavioral threshold of 0 5 Answer Ihave encountered the same problems questions Page 50 of the SWAT CUP User Manual describes how to save the txt in out files for the best simulation However I have not been able to obtain SWAT output that matches CUP output by manually entering the best parameters to SWAT from SUFI2 This is concerning as it draws the SWAT CUP SUFI2 simulations and or statistics into question and makes it difficult to understand precisely what parameter values result in the best simulation 77 Error in running SWAT Question I run the SWAT interface but I have some issues in running SWAT I compiled the source code and then build the exe file with Visual Fortran When I try to execute the exe file I get following error File name missing or blank please enter the file name UNIT 108 SWAT2009 Reu 488 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool PC Version Program reading from file cio executing File name missing or blank please enter file name UNIT 108 Answer Unit 108 can be one of at least a couple of files urban dat or hru files 78 Negative values for precipitation I m working a series of precipitat
44. the area of the reach but these are commonly small compared to other components I think though this must depend on climate Answer b Here s a response to your second question In Excel set the column widths to the number of columns stated in the manual I think it s 5 5 and 14 Then from Excel save it as a prn file e g as observed_discharge prn Then close Excel not sure you really have to and go to the folder you saved observed_discharge prn in and rename it observed_discharge txt That should do it 86 DEM download Question Do you know which are the potential web site to get the good DEM data The data I got from alabamaview org contains error I am looking for other site as well If you know other site where I can get DEM Answer You can download DEM data from two sources 1 http srtm csi cgiar org for DEM 90 m 2 http www gdem aster ersdac or jp search jsp for DEM 30m 87 Strange SWAT2005 Running Results Question It s so strange that I cannot get the same results using the same data through SWAT2005 I first run the project with 35 sub basins Then I divided fewer sub basins and found the simulated flows were far less than the previous results But when I tried to run the project with 35 sub basins again I was shocked that I couldn t get the same results as before The modeling results were also far less than before I am so curious about it Are there any bugs Do I have to install th
45. the code in a 64 bit machine Answer I have found a way to solve the problem it consists basically in forcing the SWAT editor 2005 to run as a 32 Bit application In order to do this I have used a program found in the OS named corflags exe I copied into the folder with the swatEditor exe and ran the following line corflags swatEditor exe 32BIT Since then the swat Editor run as a 32 Bit and have no problem with the OLEDB 4 0 thing Hope this helps you and the rest of the swat editor users 144 Initializing Arc SWAT with grid weather data Question I am trying to initialize the SWAT model with grid weather data from a Weather Forecast Model temperature precipitation relative humidity and winds Since the SWAT model requires meteorological input from individual weather stations I was wondering if there is a procedure of directly ingesting meteorological girded data into the Weather Data Definition Can I assume that each individual model grid point is a separate station Answer Each grid point will be considered a station SWAT will assign the closest grid point to individual sub basins 145 SWAT CUP Question I m done with sensitivity analysis in Arc SWAT Now I d like to go for auto calibration using SWAT CUP I prefer SUFI 2 I created project by locating Txt In Out folder and the program copied all desired files But when I see file Observed sf2 I m not able to find my data Rather I could see data for y
46. the discussion of N balance in the manuals If you have the need for very detailed modeling of nutrient dynamics in a reservoir you may want to consider interfacing the WASP model with SWAT for your application as I know some have had success doing this There are a few things you might try to get around this limitation of SWAT however You mentioned that the reservoir is uncontrolled which I assume means that inflow is typically equal to outflow If this is the case there should not be a large fluctuation in volume contrary to what you described in your simulation If you can dampen this fluctuation then your unrealistic high NO3 should be fixed as well I think using the Targeted Volume outflow estimation approach is best for this Along with this be sure to make the NDTARG number of days to get back to target outflow is only a day or two and adjust the emergency spillway volume and surface area to only 5 higher the principle measurements This will force the volume to stay relatively constant If the extreme volume fluctuation you describe is realistic then you might want to try altering the N settling rates at different times of the year You can set the 2 settling periods according to the volume change For example if the reservoir volume is typically very low during the summer months and thus the model simulates very high NO3 then make those months one of the settling periods and increase the settling rate for that time period 186
47. to run auto calibration so many days and then get no result But what do you mean when you say it failed Were you auto calibrating in Arc SWAT Or were you using SWAT CUP2 What auto calibration option were you using Also howmany parameter were in you auto calibration I would tend to choose parameters according to rank You don t have to but if you choose some parameter that the model is very insensitive to and you have the convergence of that parameter to a stable value as part of the convergence 1 e stopping criteria that could be a problem I can help with manual calibration if you are willing to use R which is free software Otherwise I don t have much to offer and another thing Before I launch an auto calibration I break my connection to the Internet and turn the computer off and then back on again or else make sure somehow that no update will be automatically downloaded and installed that would cause computer to shut down and restart And I make sure there s no automatic routine maintenance scheduled which could lead to the computer shutting down and restarting As for having 600 HRU s that doesn t seem like that much I wouldn t think it would be a problem unless you have well below the recommended hardware requirements recommended for Arc SWAT 118 Average monthly basin rain is not the same as the first run result Question I have many SWAT projects in different areas I got back to my first project today and reru
48. trapped by reservoirs see rsv output table You could also subtract sed_out from sed_in for each reach and sum those to get net channel deposition Finally it s always good to calculate things in several different ways to check that your calculations make sense and to check that SWAT is internally consistent 65 Regarding ET methods and possible omission of WIND and RELATIVE HUMIDITY weather variables Question I have gone over quite a bit of literature and it is my understanding that the Hargreaves method produces acceptable PET estimations I want to omit wind speed and relative humidity from my exercise is this possible From what I have gleaned from the SWAT literature it appears that the only function of the WIND variable is for use in the Penman Monteith equation I see that the relative humidity variable is used in the Penman Monteith and Priestley Taylor methods but there is also a passing mention of relative humidity being used for a water stress calculation In brief can I run SWAT without using the relative humidity variable Answer I wish I knew the answer If I recall open water evaporation is based on either PT or PM methods implying that even if you choose Hargreaves SWAT is somehow generating humidity and wind If this is in fact true I presume SWAT is using its weather generator with data from the nearest stations in its USA database unless there is an algorithm within the Hargreaves routine to estimat
49. tried in many ways and could not get determine how to represent the lake in the AVSWATX Attached are my trials and the actual lake watershed boundary that i should get at the end of my watershed delineation Please suggest help me about how to represent lake in AVSWATX a Watershed Delineation DEM Set Up Dem grid h bhp_m1549 modeling gisdata raster dem Properties V _Focusing watershed area option h bhp_m1549 new watershed grids Mask Mask grid Burm in option Preprocessing of the Dem to remove sinks Apply Stream detinitiorr Threshold Area 5000 ha gt Number of cells 145455 Mil 486 53 Suggested aroun 9700 M _ 194612 dd by table f Inlet Uutlet Main watershed outlet s selection and definitiorr Whole Watershed outlet s Calculation of subbasin parameters Apply j Current number of outlets subbasins 98 Help Minimize Close A Watershed Delineation DEM Set Up Dem grid h bhp_m1549 modeling gisdata raster der Properties Focusing watershed area option h bhp_m1549 new watershed grids Mas Mask grid I Bumn in option Preprocessing of the Dem to remove sinks Apply Stream definitiorr Threshold Area 100000 ha gt Number of cells 2 9091e 0 Min 486 53 9700 Apply M dd by table Inlet Uutlet Main watershed outlet s selection and definition Whole Watershed tfs Calculation of subbasin parameters Apply
50. you re quite right you don t really need a warm up period I tend to think in terms of long term average results under pseudo steady state conditions but in many if not most cases the soil chemistry may not really be in equilibrium with nutrient applications and removal Soils may still be accumulating phosphorus for example A warm up period could in theory alter your conclusions i e where your soil ends up with regard to nutrient content might depend on the length of warm up period you choose This is a problem in theory it would be interesting to see how big an effect this could have 274 Using R to write SWAT input Question It actually is much simpler than I thought Attached is a little script that rewrites the HRU files let me know if this causes any problems The pseudo code is set directory read in file names from directory that end in hru cycle through loop open each file and read the text rewrite the lines you want write the file back out close file I think this can be done more elegantly using apply than with a for loop and that will make it faster I will rewrite and post that too Answer here is another version and a file to rewrite the hru files using supply I did not notice any change in speed directly but have not tested that thoroughly Note that I read in from the txtinout dir and read out to the Pest dir That way I don t overwrite my original files I had to create the Pest dir f
51. 1 Finally in the current version of SWAT we re pretty sure that the seepage from Ponds Wetlands and Reservoirs gets lost from the system whereas in our watershed such seepage nearly always ends up contributing to base flow somewhere down gradient We re working on revising the code to address this issue It may be partially functional in SWAT2009 I haven t checked it entirely yet And we think it would be useful to do the Wetland and Pond calculations in parallel to simplify model output interpretations which would mean that WET_FR PND_ER should be constrained to be lt 1 27 Chlorophyll a modeling Question Has anyone been doing daily chl a modeling as part of their analysis this would mean having the QUAL2E function turned on TWQ 1 We are using this to assist in nutrient calibration but so far have not had much luck keeping chl a levels consistent in the water column They appear to be extremely variable from day to day and need to be manually seeded to partially stabilize I guess my question would be has anyone actually looked at their chl a output and does it look reasonable relatively consistent on a daily basis fluctuating seasonally as one would expect Answer I ve only tinkered a bit with chlorophyll but I think Qual2e requires an initial chlorophyll level which SWAT estimates based on nutrient loads from the sub basin This seed amount of chlorophyll can be quite high even in headwater reaches
52. 1069 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 00670EC7 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 006700A4 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 006704D9 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 006678F5 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 004A81E5 HRUALLO 251 hruallo f swat2005 exe 0047B648 GETALLO 321 getallo f swat2005 exe 004C70B5 MAIN 70 main f swat2005 exe 006AC679 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 006919E9 Unknown Unknown Unknown kernel32 dll 7C816FD7 Unknown Unknown Unknown Answer b for my case I just started again isolating the problem one by one to see where the problem could have been Finally I found the problem was in the HRU S I had used multiple HRU s and I think the threshold I had set for land use and soil was the problem Or so I guess I used the dominant land use with fewer sub basins equals to hru s for dominant land use and it worked Your case may be different but you can check the hru s your soil and land use maps also 246 Code Issues Question Please check this out in madule IrrSub f cnv Inone Iconversion factor mm ha gt m 3 Inone IHRU number ok Inone lcounter I vmm Imm H20 Imaximum amount of water to be applied vmma Imm H20 lamount of water in source I vmmd Im 3 H20 lamount of water in deep aquifer vmms Im 3 H20 lamount of water in shallow aquifer I vmxi Imm H20 lamount of water specified in irrigation operation vol Im 3 H2O lvolume of water to be applied in irrigation vol
53. 143 I would like to know if this is a bug related to my beta version downloaded in April 2009 Can I do anything to fix it If I install the latest June version will this compromise my current project i e would I need to re create it Answer Well for anybody who might encounter this problem here is what I found the problem with the harvest only operation occurs only when you save your rotation including harvest only operation as a schedule then upload the saved schedule to another HRU If you manually enter each harvest only operation for every relevant HRU then SWAT runs successfully 205 Tutorial Question I wonder if anybody there could respond As a beginner I am trying the tutorial When I try to process the weather data definition I get this message Not found hopOpcp Station data file I am reasonably certain that I followed the manual Answer a you must copy the file in the folder new o whatever then you solve the problem Answer b Did you used the name hopOpcp in the precipitation station DBF file The name used in the precipitation station file should be the same to the precipitation data file 206 Potential Heat Units Question Does anyone know of a program or a way to calculate potential heat units outside of SWAT The auxiliary program on the SWAT website works but is missing a lot of other crops For example I would like to calculated the RHUs for tomatoes in a certain part of California Does anyo
54. 2009 I tried calibrating stream flow and sediment parameters simultaneously and separately When calibrating separately I input calibrated stream flow parameters to ensure that the simulated hydrology matched closely the measured hydrology I tried calibrating sediment concentrations sediment loads monthly time step and daily time step I tried both simple and complex delineated projects I have checked and rechecked object parasol in fig file CIO change par and observed data files and everything seems to match up with the instruction materials I tend to get wonderful results in calibrating the stream flow but the sediment output is always at least one if not two orders of magnitude too low Although the sediment auto calibration may come to a completion I never am able to see an answer that shows that the procedure is converging on a solution I would also mention that I actually tried working backwards by creating an observed data file for sediment and setting the upper and lower limits on SPCON SPEXP CH_COV and CH_K2 to force the auto calibration to arrive at a set of parameter values that would more or less match the observed data file I performed this a few different ways and just calibrated for sediment full weighting having already input appropriate parameters governing stream flow Is there someone who has successfully used the auto calibration tool to calibrate sediment and can show conclusively that the optimization s
55. 21st if your watershed is north of the equator or June 21st if it is south of the equator Then plants will go dormant which of course they shouldn t since you are in tropical climate and stop using water which will give you an unrealistic water balance You can solve that problem by either slightly modifying the source code in read wgn f line 190 or by manually changing the latitude of your weather stations in the wgn files Thank you for your assistance I checked and found that i had clicked on Set up SWAT run The file CIO was created and i opened it in excel and it had all the parameters I tried changing the forecast period in excel and then run the model again but it still collapsed I also tried to copy another file CIO from another project and still didn t work I must say that I am a new user learning the model and I am not so good at source code or interpretation of the error messages Is there another way out that I can try Thank you for the advice on the modeling of plant growth and water use on SWAT in Kenya I am using SWAT2003 with Arc View interface and have not interacted much with the Arc GIS interface of SWAT 2005 but I am planning to do that once I am through with SWAT2003 263 SWAT reservoir modeling nitrate routing Question I m using SWAT to model a watershed with a reservoir at its outlet The reservoir is uncontrolled with water withdrawal for consumptive use One of the output variables I m lookin
56. 3 Years worth of management operations and your overall model run is for 9 years then SWAT will repeat the rotation after Year 3 In other words in the 4th year of the model run it will use Year 1 again for your management operations You can refer to the SWAT Input documentation and look under the MGT chapter for more of this information For your example if you want 50 years worth of increasing fertilizer use I believe you re going to have to continue to add Years to match your data I m not sure if there s an easier method but I m sure someone else will answer this post as well if that is the case 182 Unable to get seepage contribution to shallow aquifer Question I am modeling a watershed having wetlands covering a significant portion of each sub basin and with on average about 20 of each sub basin draining into the wetlands I carefully entered the wetland parameter values into the pnd file for each sub basin using Arc SWAT I did leave WET_MXSA and WET_MXVOL at 0 as these are indicated as optional but did fill in values for WET_FR WET_NSA and WET_NVOL However even when I set the parameter WET_K the effective hydraulic conductivity a the bottom of the wetlands near its maximum value of 1 mm hr I seem to get no contribution of the wetlands to the shallow groundwater table on any of the days According to my calculations by hand I should be getting at least a few mm on some days Is there anyone out there who has obtaine
57. 3CB9 Unknown swat2003 exe 00656B69 Unknown kernel32 dll 7C816D4F Unknown C Documents and Settings Workstation gt swat2003 exe swat2003 exe swat2003 exe 124 getallo f 73 main f Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Answer In getallo f on line 124 SWAT is trying to read the first line in file CIO If it encounters end of file this means that file CIO was empty or not even existing in your working directory in the first place on line 123 it says open 1 file file CIO if this file had not been existing in your working directory an empty file with that name will be created by the program Most probably you didn t click Set up SWAT run on the Run SWAT dialog this is the command that causes Arc SWAT to write the contents of file CIO So you have to click that command or copy file CIO from another SWAT TxtInOut directory and edit it with a text editor if necessary By the way if you are modeling a watershed in Kenya you have to pay careful attention to the way SWAT models plant growth and water use of plants In SWAT2005 plants go dormant if a threshold day length is not exceeded The threshold day length for tropical areas is equal to the minimum day length at the latitude of your weather stations So if any sub basin latitude in your sub files is greater than the latitude of the weather station it is associated with in the wgn files the threshold day length will be reached shortly before Dec
58. 5 large fields each sloping uniformly down to a stream channel which receives runoff sediment and nutrients from each HRU These components are then fully mixed in the channel and passed to the next downstream sub basin The HRU concept allows SWAT to use fairly mechanistic equations to calculate runoff and transport of sediment and nutrients But of course the real world does not usually consist of uniformly sloping fields leading directly to stream channels So models should be calibrated to real monitoring data to scale or fudge as some would say the model output to match the measured data to try and account for all factors not explicitly modeled I tend to think that understanding the HRU concept is key to understanding how to interpret results from SWAT and should serve as a constant reminder to not over interpret results Answer b This is the exact information that I was in need to start to understand how SWAT works I ve already read about the HRU but couldn t until now understand how the model work with it 232 Urgent Help Needed Can anyone please help me out of the problem shown in attached file herewith Error in Swat3_WriteFig at 30729 STOP n Nil object does not recognize request Error in Swat3_FigoptionsDialog Call at 239 Str Afni Nil object does not recognize request clone Help amp Error in Swati_WriteAllInputs at 2609 xj SToF Aln Nil object does not recognize request Not
59. 92 article by Duan I don t have Arc SWAT handy right now but if you are unsure of those blanks and you name them for me I can make some recommendations on the values to provide 184 Calibration parameters different than sensitivity parameters Question I selected the parameters in the following for the sensitivity analysis CH_COV Channel cover factor CH_EROD Channel erodibility factor CH_K2 Effective hydraulic conductivity in main channel alluvium mm hr CH_N2 Manning s n value for the main channel CN2 Integer Initial SCS runoff curve number for moisture condition II NPERCO Nitrogen percolation coefficient PHOSKD Phosphorus soil partitioning coefficient PPERCO Phosphorus percolation coefficient SOL_AWC1 Available water capacity of the first soil layer mm H2O mm soil SOL_K1 Saturated hydraulic conductivity of first soil layer mm hr SOL_LABPI Initial soluble P conc in Ist soil layer mg kg SOL_NO31 Initial nitrate conc in first soil layer mg kg SOL_ORGN Initial org N conc in Ist soil layer mg kg SOL_ORGPI Initial org P conc in Ist soil layer mg kg SOL_Z 1 Depth to bottom of first soil layer mm SURLAG Surface runoff lag time days USLE_C Minimum value of USLE C factor for land cover plant USLE_P USLE equation support practice factor and for auto calibration step I am planning to add more flow parameters is this action affects the reliability of model results Can
60. ARG will be ineffectual So set your flood months to be essentially the entire year and set your emergency much higher than your normal volume to allow significant storage so your NDTARG will have something to operate on Wetlands function more simply I don t think there s a choice of flood vs non flood months I think volume decreases from maximum to normal with a hard coded NDTARG of 10 days i e you don t have the option of changing this value You should ve seen an effect from them I m guessing also that your PND_FR and or WET_FR may be quite large like 0 5 or so could be 1 0 for some sub basins Be aware also that in the current code seepage from ponds and wetlands is lost from the system and doesn t contribute to base flow I don t know a lot about the groundwater flow system in that area though I know the local USGS office has done some modeling I am somewhat familiar with the conceptual model of recharge on the beach ridges and discharge at the toes of their slopes I ve visited the calcareous fens in those areas But as a general concept of recharge through the clays of the Agassiz basin with subsequent discharge that is less clear to me I would think a significant portion of your base flow would actually be release from large wetland systems if your model includes parts of the Red Lake peat lands or at least some marshlands to their west So I think getting Ponds and Wetlands to work in SWAT is probably the
61. Answer Did you do write swat input files specifically choosing mgt sol bsn and hru if you distributed esco across HRUs or sub basins following your changing of the parameter values 10 Loading land use Question I am working with SWAT 2009 7b When I want to load my land use raster file the error will come like this the raster layer land use doesn t have attribute table how can I achieve the attribute table beside this I have the vector file but it doesn t work too Answer I had a similar issue last night it was because I inadvertently deleted some of the raster files using my computer instead of managing all my raster files within arc catalog I d recreate your raster file and you should be fine 11 Nash Sutcliffe or PBIAS Question I am currently calibrating my model and am getting excellent monthly Nash Sutcliffe N S values 0 88 and decent good seasonal N S on flow 0 6 0 9 I have yet to run daily However after initial parameter modifications based on sensitivity analysis and auto calibration I m getting even higher N S values but poorer PBIAS ones It seems that N S and PBIAS are inversely proportional on monthly and seasonal flow in my research For instance my initial N S for winter flow was 0 64 with a PBIAS of 29 26 After running auto calibration on the snowmelt parameters my N S shot up to 0 9 but my PBIAS also increased to 30 48 My initial N S for spring was 0 76 with a PBIAS of 1 6
62. Arc Map 9 3 When setting land use soil and slope threshold levels to 5 5 and 5 respectively I get an unexpected program error number 457 The perplexing thing is if I set the threshold levels to anything above 30 30 and 30 the HRU definition step runs perfectly but I get very few HRUs Even more frustrating is a coworker in a different office is able to create HRUs using the same watershed data with threshold levels set to 5 5 and 5 Could there be any settings either on our network or my local machine that would cause this error Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated Answer A couple of questions thoughts first is your coworker using Arc Map 9 3 as well Second question are you both using the same lookup tables for your soils and land use If your answer is no to either question I d consider matching what your coworker is doing I had a similar error on the HRU Definition step and the error was in the soil lookup table You need to make sure every soil type listed in your lookup table is also in the user soil database table SWAT2005 mdb as well as making sure every number representing a soil is listed in your lookup table 215 Zero flow Question I just encounter the big problem zero flow there are 89 subbsain in my project my study area is in New York State 292mi2 I checked about my input files and I cannot find anything wrong land use is NCLD2001 the soil is Stats go in Swat The weather data i
63. Basisn no longer exists Question I m starting to work with SWAT and after the installation when I open the interface an error come out The global variable_dicBasisn no longer exists Have anyone idea about that please if someone know how to fix it would be very helpful Answer I ve too faced this problem and banged again and again mouse clicks to just shut off this dialog box later on I ve installed the setup again but this time I ve chosen my administrator account to install and let the user be only myself i e administrator now this dialog box is not coming 251 3 Years of Working on SWAT 3 Years of Changing Input Files Question I have been working on SWAT model for 3 years Most of my time has been spent on changing SWAT input files and getting SWAT run not Successful I think this model is in a format which needs a completely free time user to change its files in a random way to maybe eventually run it No one of SWAT developers responds to the users about many problems it has I already used my data files and could run it Now I cannot run it by the same data files No one can suggest any reason I cannot find any error in files Many of my friends which are working on this Model have many problems although they are completely follow the manuals and instructions A model is beneficial when most of user time can be spent on Principles and Concepts Not Procedures Not input files Not Interface Problems We use m
64. Best of 1 1250 Messages CONTENTS 1 Problem in run SWAT 2 Question about SWAT 3 Swat input 4 Daily data 5 Calibration in SWAT 6 Arc SWAT model on a tropical watershed 7 Lack of precipitation data 8 Error in volume reservoir 9 SWAT Model Calibration 10 Loading land use 11 Nash Sutcliffe or PBIAS 12 Integration of Irrigation data into SWAT 13 Pound evaporation 14 Is calibration possible on these observed peaks 15 Evaporation from reservoir too low 16 Manual Calibration 17 Reservoir storage capacity 18 What should I do after auto calibration 19 SWAT cup error 20 Sub basin output and observation 21 Using SWAT to forecasting flash flood 22 LAI reached during simulation is too low 23 Sufi2 error 24 Initial conditions 25 SWAT calibration for nitrogen nitrate 26 Lake and wetland within a sub basin 27 Chlorophyll a modeling 28 Scripting swat i o files HRU in sub vs HRU modeled 29 Sensitivity analysis output 30 Calibration 31 How to multi site calibration in SWAT 32 SWAT run not Successful 33 Daily precipitation generated by WXGEN 34 Soil data error 35 Weather station 36 SWAT CUP daily observed data 37 Weather sources in MWSWAT 38 MWSWAT watershed delineation 39 Running SWAT with monthly data 40 Default Manning s N and Range Grasses 41 Bias correction of GCM data for SWAT 42 Calibration Versus Validation model effic
65. KG HA ORGANIC P 0 054 KG HA NO3 YIELD SQ 1 778 KG HA NO3 YIELD SSQ 0 071 KG HA SOL P YIELD 0 360 KG HA NO3 LEACHED 28 076 KG HA P LEACHED 2 500 KG HA N UPTAKE 125 735 KG HA P UPTAKE 18 093 KG HA NO3 YIELD GWQ 7 877 KG HA ACTIVE TO SOLUTION P FLOW 19 753 KG HA ACTIVE TO STABLE P FLOW 15 548 KG HA N FERTILIZER APPLIED 175 626 KG HA P FERTILIZER APPLIED 41 934 KG HA N FIXATION 36 335 KG HA DENITRIFICATION 0 000 KG HA HUMUS MIN ON ACTIVE ORG N 26 618 KG HA ACTIVE TO STABLE ORGN 15 856 KG HA 33 HUMUS MIN ON ACTIVE ORG P 8 187 KG HA MIN FROM FRESH ORG N 85 695 KG HA MIN FROM FRESH ORG P 19 992 KG HA NO3 IN RAINFALL 1 895 KG HA INITIAL NO3 INSOIL 54 125 KG HA FINAL NO3 IN SOIL 52 238 KG HA INITIAL ORG N IN SOIL 1750 469 KG HA FINAL ORG NIN SOIL 2583 207 KG HA INITIAL MIN PIN SOIL 331 169 KG HA FINAL MIN P IN SOIL 1265 305 KG HA INITIAL ORG P IN SOIL 214 432 KG HA FINAL ORG P IN SOIL 455 040 KG HA NO3 IN FERT 1 591 KG HA AMMONIA IN FERT 114 828 KG HA ORG N IN FERT 59 207 KG HA MINERAL P IN FERT 21 096 KG HA ORG PIN FERT 20 838 KG HA N REMOVED IN YIELD 65 931 KG HA P REMOVED IN YIELD 7 634 KG HA AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION 0 910 KG HA AMMONIA NITRIFICATION 23 189 KG HA NO3 EVAP LAYER 2 TO 1 12 084 Answer From the output it appears that there is no deNitrification being s
66. RU So the information of the GIS Land Use Map is not been considered I think that only the information introduced in the met files the Initial Land Cover and the different operations are considered in de model in other case there is no crop Is this correct Answer No Swat will make some assumptions about vegetation cover for each entered land use type without the need to explicitly add that crop or other vegetation by editing the management operations While it may start with no crop growing at the start of each year it generally will plant something early in the year and harvest kill it later in the year based on heat units While this may see odd for perennial vegetation forests and some rangelands it seems to be the default way Swat operates 177 Fertilizer application inputs Question I am trying to input fertilization application into SWAT And set Elemental Phosphorous application as 80 Frt_kg but the values P_App from output Hru were still zero and phosphorus outputs from sub basins didn t change Did I miss sth when I modified the management Answer Did you rewrite the Mgt file after you made the fertilizer application change You should also check the fertilizer application rate in the output std file after you make the change and run the model to confirm a change has really been made in the model 178 Running Parasol of swat2005 exe from dos command Question I have run swat2005 exe from the DOS com
67. There are other ways to make a mask with Map Window eg using the Shape file Editor plugin You could try running without a mask do you really need one Its main effect is to speed up watershed delineation a little It can be dangerous in cutting off part of the watershed Conversely it can be used to force watershed delineation to stay within a boundary when that is known precisely 39 Running SWAT with monthly data Question Could you help me to show how to run the SWAT model with monthly data such us monthly temperature monthly precipitation monthly humidity Answer u can use weather generator to generate daily data from monthly data see http www eawag ch forschung siam software modawec index 40 Default Manning s N and Range Grasses Question Does anyone know the reasoning behind why the default values for Ch_N1 and Ch_N2 in SWAT are 0 014 Also does anyone know which grasses are represented by the range grasses land use class My watershed contains mostly native C4 grasses little bluestem blue grama buffalo grass which were identified by both the Crop Dataset Layer CLD and the NLCD as range grasses but I just wish to confirm that Swat s definition of range grasses coincide with that in the CLD and the NLCD I see by looking at the SWAT crop database for instance that the parameters for Little Bluestem are similar to those of the Range Grasses category with some exceptions in OV_N and CN2 but am just lo
68. ance effects of the two species I got the simulation set up and the water balance adds up just fine The problem is my LAI time series do not look good I don t know why but for some reason I just never reach my BLAI maximum LAI specified in my crop at Both wheat and poplar reach a maximum LAI of around 2 in my simulation even tough BLAI 4 is for wheat and BLAI 5 5 is for poplar I played with PHU potential heat units do maturity and the other LAI effecting parameters in the crop at but just cannot achieve the desired effect Does anyone know what could be the reason for my low LAIs Answer Low LAI values may be due to stresses nutrients or water check nutrient stress numbers 23 Sufi2 error Question I am using Sufi2 for calibration When I ran Sufi2_run Bat the error showed up Index was outside the bounds of the array I am not a hydrologist so please help me out Number_of_Parameters Number_of_LH_sims 20 r__CN2 megt v__ALPHA_BF gw v__GW_DELAY gw v__CH_N72 rte v__CH_K2 rte v__ALPHA_BNK rte r_SOL_AWC 1 sol r__SOL_K 1 sol r__SOL_BD 1 sol v__SFTMP bsn v__ESCO bsn v__CANMX bsn r__SOL _z sol v__GW_REVAP gw v GGWQMN gsw 0 l 2 Another error is from Sufi2_post Bat it says can t open input file q_l out I was thinking that is output file extracted from SWAT rch Answer When I ve had the problem it usually meant that my values once adjusted exceed those for one or more parameters
69. and lakes in a sub basin Flow surface runoff lateral flow and groundwater from a sub basin gets directed first to the Pond and Wetland in that sub basin BEFORE going to the channel If the fractional area of a sub basin drainage ascribed to its Pond is 0 17 then 17 of all flow and transported sediment and nutrients goes directly to the Pond Then sediment and phosphorus settle out according to parameters you set NSED and PSETLRP if they re still called that some water may evaporate or infiltrate The remainder if pond volume is greater than the principal volume spills into the channel according to the Pond outflow parameters you ve set In channel lakes all considered as reservoirs in SWAT are the opposite water goes into the channel reach first and then into the reservoir considered to be at the bottom end of the reach 267 Tree growth Question I have a number of linking queries regarding tree growth in SWAT I have attempted this a number of times but are finding trees are not growing and biomass and LAI are declining annually in a step pattern Feb this year Willem Vervoort asked Nancy and or the SWAT team to put the sequence of code needed for plant growth ie which sub routines are called and in what order is this somewhere on the users site Please let me know where this is and how I can get this Also I have just re read the SWAT manual for the umpteenth time and it says once the IDC of 7 is chosen
70. art up of project Before I had the same problem with SWATX Now I am facing it with SWAT 2000 As soon as I open a project it will terminate after the show up of main interface I uninstalled and reinstalled both Arc GIS 3 2 and the SWAT interface Its still the same Is it a problem with windows or SWAT program Answer Please check that you are installing the SWAT2005 version from the link below http swatmodel tamu edu software arcswat 158 i SWAT Question I am looking for i SWAT that allows system analysis programs to access SWAT parameters that are distributed over many input I will be happy if someone help me to download it Answera You should look at SWAT CUP http www eawag ch organisation abteilungen siam software swat inde x EN Answer b You can download 1_SWAT here http www card iastate edu environment interactive_programs aspx 159 Calibration Question Could please help me to create a observed flow data file which will be asked during auto calibration in AVSWATX There is an example file provided with the interface accordingly I have prepared it for my catchment area I have 29 sub basins in my working area and I have gauged data only for one sub basin so for all the missing data I have given a value of 99 When I load this file It will run for one simulation and later throws an error message as auto calibration process not completed I am not understanding what the problem is Please help me to fi
71. at databases installation location 269 SWAT2005 exe vs SWAT2003 exe Question What are the differences between the swat2005 exe and the swat2003 exe executables Why is swat2003 exe distributed under SWAT2005 Model downloads swat2003 exe 6 15 2006 time stamp 3089 kb file size in Windows Explorer available at http www brc tamus edu swat soft_model_2005soft html through either the HTTP or FTP executable swat2005 exe 6 4 2008 time stamp 3221 kb file size in Windows Explorer available at http www brc tamus edu swat arcswat html through the Arc SWAT 2 1 1 Beta release Arc GIS 9 2 Install 65 MB released 8 18 2008 AnsweI The arc swat 2 1 release notes say the following parameter range tables in the SWAT2005 mdb database have been updated to include new SWAT 2005 model parameters Bsnrng eHrurng eMgtoprng e Rterng I guess those don t exist in SWAT2003 But Srini says they are the same http groups google com au group swatuser browse_thread thread acc2f So the differences are mainly between 2000 and 2005 http www brc tamus edu swat downloads doc swat2005 differences2000t 270 Error handling in SWAT Question Please refer the section Stream definition and then Pre defined Streams andWatersheds I have watershed sub watershed delineated by some other software and I wanted to use them in the SWAT simulation in place of watershed delineated by SWAT itself When I imported the shape files its says
72. ated runoff for those specific events but my other simulated runoff events that were predicted well before got reduced My daily nash sutcliffe coeff increased to 0 63 if I remove those overestimated runoff events Is there any way to reduce the runoff peaks only for specific rainfall events One more question I have rainfall data from 1 1 1996 to 12 31 2008 and I am using rainfall data from 1 1 2002 to 12 31 2008 for calibration and 1 1 1996 to 12 31 2001 data for validation Can we do it in this way Answer a Are your crops vegetation Transpiration working all right That is a major factor Otherwise you are just shifting water from one part of the water balance to another Is there a physical process in the watershed that you are missing What could happen different during the big runoff events Maybe SURLAG to allow more evap during smaller events Mmmm tricky one Clearly it is some non linear response in the rainfall runoff relationship that is not captured by SWAT Maybe intensity Answer b How large are your daily precip values I ve had difficulty with SWAT vastly overestimating flows and sediment and phosphorus 121 loads when daily precip values exceed about 60 mm or so You could censor your precip data i e allow a maximum value of 50 or 60 mm day which will reduce the few large peaks you have assuming they were caused by very large precip events and not snowmelt or some other source It is unsatisfying to alter
73. ated tool like AVSWAT and them compare the file created with the tool with your file One time I got an error because of the format of a file I think it was a SOIL file Answer b From the error message that you posted it appears as if SWAT is crashing when trying to read the NTTOT variable located in file CIO I don t know why exactly it is crashing there but NTTOT appears to be the source of your error Answer c You ve to check all your soil input parameters it is an error there that probably you ve not entered those soil conductivity parameters 230 Help needed Question My SWAT model was ok when there was 2 rainfall station As I increased no of station for precipitation it is creating problem it is not working for simulation period from 1997 to 2000 However it works perfectly from 2000 to 2008 It does not run even for few days below 2000 I checked all the data Input are perfect It does not show any error It says model set is successful but as I run it neither gives error nor it says swat run not successful The black screen just displays and does not end What could be the reason Answer After adding precip data did you ensure that the simulation period was changed Open file CIO and check the beginning day of simulation Perhaps it is still set for year 2000 231 How SWAT understand the sub basin Question I think that this is the first time that I send a message to the group I apologize if my
74. bles 126 Water temperature 127 About snow 128 HRU distribution problem 129 Short wave radiation and long wave radiation 130 Editing reach file after watershed delineation CLARIFICATION 131 Pond budget in the output file out put std 132 Map Window SWAT 133 Weather Stations 134 Swat cup 135 Error in SWAT CUP 136 Bare Soil 137 PSO in SWAT CUP 138 Possible to use calculated water flow as input to SWAT nutrient calculations 139 SWAT_CUP glue_obs dat file 140 ESCO in bsn and hru 141 Array bounds exceeded 142 How to plot SWAT outputs in Arc GIS 143 The Microsoft Jet OLEDB 4 0 provider is not registered on the local machine 144 Initializing Arc SWAT with grid weather data 145 SWAT CUP 146 Phosphorus sub basin reach 147 No More Percolation 148 Question about sufi2 in swat cup and modeling BMPs after calibration 149 SWAT CUP error finishes its run soon and the result is the same for any number of iteration 150 Do I need to have Arc GIS to install SWAT2009 151 Auto calibration of sediment 152 Computational capacity of SWAT2005 153 Arc SWAT in Windows 7 154 Sensitivity analysis Calibration and Uncertainty INPUT DATA 155 Nutrient transport calibration 156 Calculation of surface runoff 157 SWAT project problem 158 I SWAT 159 Calibration 160 precipitation and writing the table 161 Alfalfa reference ET in SWAT2009 162 How to use SRTM da
75. call swat I have done that using R 213 Flow out problem with output rch Question I have a problem about the output rch results the flow in and flow out is much lower than the observe value Version is 2 1 4a I just compared the results run by AVSWAT2005 and this one It seems that the parameters in output sub are ok such as the PRECIP PET ET SW PERC SURQ GW_Q and WYLD But in output rch file the flow_in amp out were much different with each other the flow out of the outlets in AVSWAT is more than 300 but in arc swat is only 1 so there must be something wrong dose anyone think that something wrong with 148 the default value when writing the files in arc swat I tried to run another 2 watersheds also the same problem So anyone can help me In addition the pollutants loads seems Ok so it is weird Very low flow but with so much pollutants Answer Have you ever noticed what are the values of these parameters they are mm day which accounts the area and probably you are trying to match the results with m3 sec or m3 day so lookout for values again well this is also a issue that has been discussed some 1 and half month before on this discussion board over the values that has been estimated nearly 40 up or down so please try to check that discussion hopefully you ll get your answer there 214 HRU Threshold Failure Question I m getting a series of errors when creating HRUs in the HRU Definition step of Arc SWAT 2 3 1 for
76. can extrapolate monthly loads from the annual information Reference the SWAT user manual in regards to the specifics for setting up a point source input file In SWAT 2009 the type of input file you setup is dependent on the time step of the point source rechour recday recmon recyear Basically the SWAT input file will include the station coordinates and load information 68 Record is deleted Question When entering precipitation and temperature files into SWAT I get the following error Error 2147217071 record is deleted DAO Table Defs At this point the only option was to hit OK which I did Now it seems that the daily precipitation data dbf is properly created from the original text file Then I got another error Error in precipitation gage data Monitoring point features for not coincide sic with precipitation station table I am doing this on a backup copy of my project otherwise all looks great I m pretty sure the formatting of the precipitation and temperature dbf files attached is correct based on my past experience with SWAT and my review of the documentation The text files containing the daily values are definitely formatted correctly I have ensured that the files are in the appropriate folders and that the names of the station files are identical to those in the listed in the table Yes there should only be one precipitation station which is the same location for the temperature station for the exercise I m
77. ce rting Pi written by Ann at U READING R ENTER THE unit 9001 fil nOut AutoCals Re ine Line Unknown Unknown Forrt1 input conve 9 Scenar Image PC svat 2005 exe ag6n47F9 Unknown Auto Calibration input jpg hdd To List observation dat From List SwatSoilClass LandSoils4 BB DVD RW Drive E amp CD Drive F 4 a 09155021875 H d Dehkhoda MM sange azarin konglomera E sange ahak silt sange mast loam sandy loam I khake kamomghe sangrizei J Thesis na g6n71076 my Delete Selected From List HE tappe sheni 4 ii Display Source Selection zo Oy Av Z fojaiat Write Input Files Run Auto Calibration Cancel Drawing amp 5693734996 30401053 975 Meters Answer I heard that ArcSWAT2009 had some problems in auto calibration that the code needed to be fixed Dr Srinivasan suggested that if we want to run the auto calibration we change the name of the swat2009 exe file to swat2005 exe Did you try that already 103 How to compile SWAT2005 on Linux esp Ubuntu 10 04 Question I need to compile swat2005 source code to run on a Linux system Ubuntu 10 04 to be exact I m brand new to Linux And as I review the documentation for gfortran I feel swamped with questions such as Is the source code written in Fortran 95 Fortran 2003 or does it even matter and Should I use gfortran that is always updated t
78. clude all zero values in PCPSTD calculation or not Also I don t have any measured values for Solar radiation How can U calculate Monthly Solar Radiation in SWAT database Is it required by the model Answer Well solar radiation can be calculated using Arc GIS 9 3 extensions by any DEM but it gives some values which I could not rely so please check it again if you ll use it 254 SWAT2005 manual Question In the Arc SWAT interface user s guide I found many places advices to refer to the Sensitivity Auto Calibration uncertainty and model evaluation in SWAT2005 manual I have seen in the SWAT website only SWAT2005 Theoretical Documentation and SWAT2005 Input Output File Documentation In these documents I couldn t find any thing about the mentioned issues Do you have any information about SWAT2005 manual Answer Check the files in swat user Google group It is posted there 255 Flow In vs Flow Out and Sed_In vs Sed_Out Question I have a small question about Flow In vs Flow Out Sed_In vs Sed_Out in the out put rch file My understanding is 1 Flow In vs Flow Out Flow In for a particular reach is the sum of water yield from the local sub basin water stored in this reach and Flow Out from upper reach yesterday 2 Sed_In vs Sed_Out Sed_In for a particular reach is the sum of sediment yield from the local sub basin sediment stored in this reach and Sed_Out from upper reach yesterday Answer However you need to
79. code associated with Arc SWAT Version 2 1 3 171 SWAT use for irrigation command Question I am facing the difficulties while creating the stream network I am giving the details of difficulties felt while using SWAT 1 Whether it is necessary to take a mask of larger size than the command area When I take a big mask very large area than actual command area the stream network is continuous 2 I want the actual canal network in the command to be formed by SWAT then only I can proceed for further analysis For this I have digitized main distributor and field channels separately in the same shape file and burnt this in SWAT The SWAT forms main canal correctly but not the secondary and tertiary canals However this formation is also intermittent and thus I can not get the total command as a whole This command has the canal network of LBC and RBC on both sides of the dam The SWAT forms this network by considering the DEM Here might be the problem because these are artificial streams which may not follow actual elevation all the way Answer 1 It is not necessary to take a mask it just reduces ur area to be processed its a separate issue that when u take such area how it processes that depending on the threshold values 2 Detection of canal and drainage network depends on the mesh size of DEM and threshold value decided by the user so check out for your DEM s resolution In this case only digitized network can hel
80. conducting Answer To follow up I also goggled the error and found some information at http edndoc esri com arcobjects 8 3 ComponentHelp esriCore fdoErro r All it says though is Data Source could not be locked Hopefully this helps although please note I m using Arc GIS 9 3 not 8 3 69 REVAP Question Does the total ET also includes REVAP values in it If not what is the role of REVAP in whole water balance Answer I don t know for sure but my guess is that REVAP is already a part of the total ET However you should check this by setting REVAP to zero noting the ET and then compare the results against runs where REVAP is positive 70 Error run swat2009 Question I m using SWAT2009 version 488 I set up SWAT successfully But when I run SWAT appears the error in attached file Is the same error that in 6 Dec 2011 you have discussed with Mr Ammar Rafiei I have tried to change the user soil and to use swat2009rev and db but the result is the same Can you help me to understand the reason of this error SWAT2669 Rev 488 Soil amp Water fs ssment Tool PC Version Program reading from File cio executing forrtl severe 4 8 gt fort 2 gt Subscript 81 of the array SOL_BD has value 7 wh ich is greater than the upper bound of 6 Image PC Routine Line Source 2089 exe B DBF67A Unknown Unknown Unknown swat28689 exe BDBCDC8 Unknown Unknown Unknown Swat 2689 2 6D11A3A Unknown Unknown U
81. cted may be depending on the scenario e g A2a 867 ppm 2071 2100 199 How to determine runoff of whole watershed Question I am working on watersheds having area of 100km 2 I run the model by discrediting the whole watershed in to 8 sub watershed and obtained the result the sub watershed number 8 is the last watersheds I want to know that runoff obtained from last sub watersheds that is 8 is the runoff of whole watersheds or only the 8 sub watersheds if so please tell me how can I calculated the runoff of whole watersheds Answer Assuming sub watershed 8 is your most downstream sub watershed it will represent the discharge leaving the entire watershed However be careful where you pull your information from If you get your discharge from the RCH file then the flow from sub watershed 8 consists of average daily stream flow base flow overland runoff from the entire watershed If you are looking for surface runoff output the SURQ within the SUB files contains that that sub watershed only not the entire watershed Refer to the output section of the SWAT2000 2005 manual 200 NCDC data Question Does anyone have any tips for getting NCDC weather data formatted correctly for use in SWAT Answer a To answer my own question I found a program on tamu edu called extract exe that appears to do the job Answer b I wrote some VBA routines within Excel to convert NCDC data into Arc SWAT format The scripts deal only with precipi
82. ctivity Specifically is there a way to quickly find out which sub basins feed a particular downstream sub basin Answer If you look in your project database in the Reach table it lists each sub basin Subbsain and it s receiving sub basin SubbsainR 4 Daily data Question I would like to know if weather allows me to enter data generation in a month and translates them to daily data I have read in the manual there is a way to do it Answer Please let us know the purpose for getting daily data from monthly estimates Is there a lack of climate data in your study area or are you trying to disaggregate GCM monthly estimates The weather generator in the SWAT model can simulate daily precipitation but it is based on statistical information derived from historical daily climate data Please see the wgn chapter in SWAT I O manual for definition of the required statistics 5 Calibration in swat Question The first calibration time are 3 years such as the year of 2004 05 06 and the second calibration time are 2 year 2005 2006 Finally the results of the flow data are different in the year of 2005 and 2006 and often get a big different I do not know how it happened Could you tell me why and give me any advices Answer How long is your warm up period A warm period that s too short that could definitely significantly alter one s flow regime 21 6 Arc SWAT model on a tropical watershed Quest
83. d groundwater flow from wetlands and who can tell me how they did it Answer Your observation is correct After a careful examination of the SWAT2000 SWAT2005 code Dr Jim Almendinger St Croix Research Station Minnesota and the folks he works with determined that there was a glitch in how the water is routed from the ponds and wetlands through the shallow aquifer system The way the code currently exists the water is lost similar to what happens to the deep aquifer fraction This poses a problem to systems that are heavy in wetlands ponds and rely on return flow from those systems such as those in Minnesota From what I understand Jim and company are working on a fix and will pass this onto the folks at Texas when they have all of the bugs worked out Currently it seems as if folks have been bypassing this issues by not allowing too much water to disappear wetland K 0 183 PARASOL and SUNGLASSES Question There are two optimization methods to use for auto calibration PARASOL and SUNGLASSES which one is better which is better to and mostly used Answer Of the two I would go with Parasol because it includes the SCE UA algorithm which seems to be very widely used and respected It 130 sounds like you are using Arc SWAT If you are and you are like me you might find some of the blanks to fill in for Parasol unclear and not documented I sorted these all out at least to my own satisfaction by referring to a 19
84. d in the sub file are older once which were generated during another setup and left in the memory So they are not of that scenario 29 Sensitivity analysis output Question I have a doubt in differentiating between the sensitivity results for with Discharge and without discharge case in the sensitivity output file sensout txt There are two Ranked categories if I am not mistaken one is with Q and the other is without Q provided that the flow data is used in the sensitivity analysis test Answer With Q This analysis shows how sensitive the closeness of fit between simulated flow and observed flow is to changes in parameter values Without Q This analysis show how sensitive simulated flow values are to changes in parameter values The Without Q option can be interesting in that it shows what parameters may be most influential in changing simulated flow But when it comes time to decide on which parameters to focus on for actual calibration I personally prefer to rely more on the With Q option 30 Calibration Question I m using arc Swat and I want to calibrate the model but I m not sure of the format of the table that contains the observed data flow m s Answer Willem Vervoort was kind enough to help me with this just a few weeks ago If you are using the auto calibration in Arc SWAT here s what Willem said re formatting notes in brackets are mine isn t it supposed to be strictly space delimited and with
85. d my next error box tells me an error occurred in the application with the following Error Call Stack Sequence cmdOK LU Soils functions Line 475 Error Number 457 Description This key is already associated with an element of this collection There is not much winter wheat WWHT located in the watershed so I tried just eliminating that land use When I did this I still received the error except it is now referencing SWHT WETL in place of SWHT WWHT I ve run a project before with basically the same data sources in a different watershed and I had not run across this problem before I have tried using both Arc SWAT 2 0 and the latest Arc SWAT 2 1 4a starting new projects in both versions and neither version has yielded a different result I ve also checked my Arc GIS version and Microsoft NET versions I don t notice anything out of the ordinary in my datasets and lookup tables but I m not sure about what small details I might need to look for Any guidance would be greatly appreciated Answer in my case the problem was that the look at table of land use some symbols were written in lowercase by changing all upper case both look at table that database is not presented the problem 224 Overlaying to land use and soil map Question I am working on AVSWAT 2000 I have created a DEM of the basin then the DEM has been added to AVSWAT when the land use data is to be added an error message comes as the selected shape theme do n
86. d to you could also consider running a sensitivity analysis if you haven t already done so On the SWAT website under Software there is also a Base flow Filter program that can help with a couple of parameters as well 226 Regarding rivers Question It is really urgent This question is bugging me that what should we do for rivers which are flowing in the study area As rivers are common part of soil map as well as lulc so LULC should we classify them as WATR SOIL Should we give all the parameters 0 as given in example3 for water Answer You can use any soil parameters for water land use swat will ignore the soils and will compute only Evaporation But putting zero is not advisable 227 Runoff and Eva transpiration on SWAT Part I Question I have some questions regarding Runoff and Evap transpiration on SWAT By what I saw on the Theoretical Documentation when the method for estimate runoff is the SCS on the Ia initial abstractions term is included the precipitation intercepted by the plant canopy and so it wasn t calculated I m wrong But if I use others methods than the Penman Monteith for calculate the potential evap transpiration I need to calculate the transpiration And this is done with the equation Et E o LAD 3 0 0 lt LAI lt 3 0 Et E o LAI gt 3 0 Where E o is the remain evaporative water demand given by the equation E o Eo Ecan Where Eo is the potential evap transpira
87. data with SWAT Answer Is it possible that in opening the original Statwgn dbf to look at it you altered it in some way If it doesn t work then copies based on it won t either of course There are some issues with using Excel and dbf files where you may not always get back what you see Maybe the simplest thing is to obtain a fresh version of Statwgn dbf and try again after making a copy somewhere for reference 126 Water temperature Question Does anybody know whether SWAT has output for stream water temperature at gage locations If having experience to work on this that is better I really need some information on this aspect Answer Yes SWAT has output for water temperature in the file of watout dat default file name Please check the saveconc command in the fig fig input file 127 About snow Question I find that part of the precipitation is treated as snow in many HRU of my SWAT model during winter time However in my country Taiwan there is nearly no snow especially in my study area where the topography is almost plain I ve checked the temperature data that I gave the model as input The minimum temperature is about 5 Celsius Where could I go wrong Or what can I do to modify the model if I don t want snow in my model Answer Have you checked your snowfall temperature parameter SFTMP It is located in your BSN file That would be the first spot I would check 128 HRU distribution problem
88. database Answer Check the master path in the project database within Microsoft access and check the location of the SWAT database to see if it matches up with your project If not you might wish to revise the path to reflect to the correct SWAT database storing the soil info relevant to your project This once happened to me and it worked after I revised the path 113 Swat run NOT successful Question I have got a problem when I try to run SWAT2005 I was successful up to the end of set up swat run but when I proceed with run swat it displays swat run NOT successful When I run the Dos Command the following error detail is displayed Would any one explain how to solve this problem SWAT2005 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool PC Version Program reading from file CIO executing forrtl error 73 floating divide by zero Image PC Routine Line Source swat2005 exe 0045001F ASCRV 57 ascrv f Answer This solution may or may not work I was looking through the source code particularly tracking the variables on line 57 in ascrv f It seems like this function is called for calculating some parameters related to snow So the divide by zero error could occur when you set the sno50cov variable in bsn to 0 95 If that is the case you might want to vary this parameter and try again 114 SWAT 2009 installation problem with 64bit windows 7 Question I have read that others have had the same issues but I have not read any soluti
89. dded to the rest of the sub basin s water yield the 75 that wasn t included in WET_FR producing an updated total water yield from the sub basin If you ve got a Pond as well i e PND_FR gt 0 then SWAT directs that fraction let s say it s 15 of the newly updated water yield to the Pond Once again a water balance is calculated considering inflow seepage and evaporation and any excess is spilled to the channel and added to the water yield from the rest of the sub basin the other 85 that by passed the Pond So there s some double processing since some of the water that entered the Wetland also ended up in the Pond This isn t necessarily right or wrong it certainly could be this way in nature SWAT had to choose some way to do it and this was reasonable This double processing may however make interpretation of model results a little more complicated I may have it backwards perhaps Ponds are processed before Wetlands but I m pretty sure the calculations are sequential serial rather than in parallel Note also that SWAT also does a sediment and nutrient budget calculation in the Wetland and Pond at each time step as well in addition to the water budget Given this configuration I don t think there s a limitation on how WET_FR and PND_FR interact If you think 100 of the sub basin first drains to wetlands and then all of that subsequently drains to a pond you could in theory set WET_FR 1 and PND_FR
90. e error The Upgrade patch cannot be installed while installing Service Pack 2 or 4 but if your Arc GIS installation folder doesn t have a Dot Net subfolder you should probably uninstall Arc GIS first then install the Net Framework 2 0 from Microsoft website and then re install Arc GIS before you can successfully install Arc Swat That s what I did 262 Debugging Question I am in the process of learning swat and i am using it to model a watershed in Kenya When I was running the simulation it crushed and gave me a simulation NOT completed error message I have tried to use the debugging method explained in the tutorial and run the swat2003 exe in DOS command window I got the following message but I cannot understand Microsoft Windows XP Version 5 1 2600 C Copyright 1985 2001 Microsoft Corp C Documents and Settings Workstation gt C A VS WAT X hosea2 scenarios default txt into ut swat2003 SWAT2003 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool UNIX Version Program reading from file CIO executing forrtl severe 24 end of file during read unit 1 file C Documents and Set ings Work station file CIO Image PC Routine Line Source swat2003 exe swat2003 exe swat2003 exe swat2003 exe swat2003 exe 00636839 Unknown 00636697 Unknown 00635874 Unknown 00635CA9 Unknown 0062E069 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 00460148 GETALLO 004A935B MAIN 0067
91. e errors shows The table does not have correct fields Due to this errors and what should I do now What is the correct format of input data in SWAT At this moment the format was OID DATE PCP I really do appreciate on your comments Answer a I ran into a similar problem with any dbf or text file input Never figured it out I had to use the data installed with SWAT I am using Arc 9 3 on a 64bit Vista System I am using the SWAT beta version that is still being developed for Arc 9 3 Any ideas on fixes would be appreciated Answer b The pcp data is actually not uploaded the table containing the name of the pcp file is uploaded the correct format is ID Name string max 8 characters XPR YPR and elevation the name field must contain the exact name of the table where pcp data is located this format is same for temperature solar radiation humidity and wind speed as well for pcp file the format is date and pcp f5 1 210 Minimum area of watershed to run swat Question My watershed area is 950 ha Is the model is having some limit of minimum area to run calibrate and validate the model Answer I don t know that there is a lower limit on the size of your watershed However I do think you need at least two subbsain 211 Reservoir Question I want to know how can I increased the sediment inflow in reservoir the sediment occurring in the watersheds is not going in reservoir I am working on area of 11153km 2 the reservo
92. e high event periods it is likely a result of your precipitation inputs 15 Evaporation from reservoir too low Question I am modeling a river basin in the Southern High Plains USA where evaporation rates can be quite high open pan Evaporation 100 inches or 2500 mm annually The local lake managers are estimating evaporation from their reservoirs at similar rates as above I currently have the reservoir evaporation set at max 1 and the model is pulling weather data from what are appropriate stations However the model is reporting evaporation antes that are about 1 10th that of the lake managers are estimating Any thoughts Answer What output are you looking at If you re looking at the rate given near the bottom of the output std file I believe the mm of evaporation reported for reservoirs is a watershed wide number as a component of the annual water budget Le the total volume of water evaporated from reservoirs annually divided by the total watershed area not just the reservoir area and expresses as mm So if your reservoir is about a tenth of the area of the watershed then the actual rate over the reservoir would be about 10x larger 16 Manual Calibration Question I do not how to manual calibrate after running SWAT Actually I tried to edit manually some parameters including AlphaBf CN2 CH N2 CH K2 1n the simulation folder Sim1 but cannot Run model after editing Now I want to manual calibrate OV N
93. e model again Answer a Here is my theory If you have less and thus larger subbasins than this means there is more opportunity for the water to evaporate of move to other parts of the water balance than with smaller subbasins strictly because the travel time for the water to get to the main trunk of the stream is going to be larger I might be wrong maybe someone else can comment However overall I would not be surprised if the results are different Maybe you can have a detailed look at the individual water balance components to see where the water actually went Answer b Another issue is the HRU definition Using a different number of subbasins may result in a different number of HRUs which may result in more or less runoff depending on the land use 88 about water transfer Question In my basin there are currently two existing reservoir nam song and nam ngum Water is transferred from Nam Song to Nam Ngum I went through the SWAT user manual it says we have to include this information in Watershed configuration file I could not get it can anybody please explain me how to incorporate this water transfer issue Answer I think there are two possible ways to do this is either using WURESN and WURTNF in the reservoir file but I think that only helps with the extraction as I don t know if you can have negative extraction I haven t tried this but maybe you can adjust the code The other option is the fig file
94. e these things from T alone Those working outside the USA may have better insight here 66 Water balance Question I know from another user that a program that from the results of swat makes a general balance indicating the errors Answer SWAT CHECK http swatmodel tamu edu software swat check 67 Point and Non point source data Question I have some point sources such as wastewater treatment plants in my watershed which I am planning to include in my project I am just wondering that how can I obtain the data for those sources and what is the best way to include those sources in my SWAT model expected format of the data etc Also I am looking for the specific non point sources data including the tillage operation fertilizer application and the management 58 practices occurring in the region to use in my SWAT project Is there a specific website online source to find information about these data Answer If you want to incorporate WWTP information within SWAT you will need to obtain the monitoring data collected at the WWTP outfall I am not sure how it works in North Carolina but in Wisconsin the Dept of Natural Resources has each permittee s monitoring data average daily flow and concentration data collected during a given interval From the monitoring data we can calculate a monthly or annual load and incorporate it as a point source within SWAT Obtaining monthly loads is best but if the information is course you
95. ear 1977 1978 I think they are of example files given with SWAT CUP But file cio is correct my data Do I need to edit each and every data in all Calibration files Or where do I need to put my observed data of discharge sediment etc I went through the user guide also but could not get the answer And one more thing is the no of simulations user defined Answer What you have in your Observed sf2 now is example data You need to input your own observed data into SWAT CUP I usually do this by editing the example Observed sf2 file found in the SUFI2 IN folder with Microsoft Excel other tools might be better The dates of your observed data are represented by numbers going from 1 and upwards As an example if you are running two years in a daily time step your data need to go from 1 to 730 In a monthly time step it will be from 1 to 24 Missing data are not inputted if you have a missing value on day 300 skip it your data would go like this 299 301 etc You also have to edit the files Par_inf sf2 Var_file rch def and SUFI2_swEdit def Yes the number of simulations is user defined 146 Phosphorus sub basin reach Question I haven t found an appropriate answer among posts My question is following When I study SWAT code in detail I can t found any variable that is transferring phosphorus from sub basin to the reach to be used in QUAL 2 E as concentration I cannot see any link between them Could you help
96. earch provided a parameter set that produced simulated results that are similar to the measured input file 110 Answer I haven t explored auto calibration much so my comments are more directed at mechanism within SWAT and not how parameters may be adjusted automatically 1 First I don t see CH_EROD in your list of parameters The channel will not erode anything unless CH_EROD gt 0 I see you do have CH_K2 which is channel permeability NOT erodibility which could mislead those familiar with USLE parameters since K is the erodibility factor in the USLE by convention For channel erosion to occur both CH_EROD and CH_COV must be gt 0 if this fixes your problem count yourself lucky that the fix was so simple 2 But in a broader sense I think it is important to get a feel for where the sources and sinks are In contrast to your findings I ve generally found that my subbasin sediment yields are too high which to me is not surprising for a USLE based erosion estimate without an applied sediment delivery ratio SDR I m aware that the MUSLE is not supposed to require an SDR but I haven t found that to be true at least not yet In contrast you say your sediment yields are much too small Is this because a your subbasin HRUs are yielding too little sediment or b your channel is trapping too much Check how much sediment is being trapped in the reaches is it a reasonable amount Is it reasonable that t
97. ed adding the user defined boundaries as a restriction within the PSO algorithm implemented in SWAT CUP 138 Possible to use calculated water flow as input to SWAT nutrient calculations Question This is to ask if it is possible to use prior calculated water flow to continue modeling nutrient dynamics with SWAT If one assumes that there exist prior modeled distributed 3 D water flow including river flow for the physical domain but the model that was used for water flow does not have a nutrient module then it could be interesting to know if its possible to use SWAT to continue doing the nutrient dynamics calculations It should bed mentioned here that the modeled distributed water flow gives water flow for all the sub watersheds in the domain and that the modeled water flow is distributed in several vertical layers surface water including river flow surface flow drainage groundwater Answer That is an interesting question I think currently it is not really possible but someone correct me if I am wrong But it should be possible to tweak the source code to make it happen Just makes your problem a bit bigger What you want is that SWAT reads in the flow data in the nutrient module You can probably let it do its own water balance calculations but before it steps into the nutrient dynamics you feed it the other data That would be interesting as that would also open the possibility of using observed flow data to do nutrie
98. er 2009 for a trend using Mann Kendall And yes check for autocorrelation after aggregating and before doing the Mann Kendall test If you re lucky you ll find no statistically significant autocorrelation and then you can proceed with Mann Kendall at least that s the way I understand it You might also be interested in aggregating at the annual level You should also check that your data doesn t contain inconsistencies like changes in the location of measurement stations etc Answer c I think I just got my names mixed up Kendall Tau deals with correlation rather than trends apologies According to Helsel amp Hirsch Statistical Methods in Water Resources the Seasonal Kendall Test is the same thing as the Mann Kendall test applied to each season and then combined 74 Right sitting of dam Question I have been trying to examine the impact of dams on flow regime downstream Ideally siting the dam at a gauging station location enables you to check for changes in flow However i do not see any changes at the gauging station where the dam is sited in SWAT Answer I think we need more information to figure out your problem Make sure that the output you are looking at is the outflow from the reservoir and not the reach or subbsain the reservoir is in The Reach output is input to the Reservoir not the other way around 75 Weather Generator used together with measured data Question another question about the weathe
99. es generated namely bsb sbs and rch When considering the surface runoff which file should I refer to and in that which column Actually I referred to bsb file and in that WYLD is it correct I am getting a huge error when compared with observed flow I feel its because of ET value Evapotranspiration loss is very less could it be altered Answer a I don t have the output files or user documentation in front of me but I believe the SURQ parameter is found in both the sub subbasin and std standard output files If you want runoff at the subbasin level refer to the sub SURQ is not equivalent to WYLD water yield WYLD is your net flow out flow inputs minus outputs WYLD calculations should consider ET You canvary the ET calculation method from Penman Monteith Priestly Taylor or Hargreaves You may want to try all three and see what looks best with your observed data Answer b You can find surface runoff results in the following output files 1 sbs file renamed to hru in SWAT2005 column of SURO hru based surface runoff 2 bsb file renamed to sub column of SURO summarized on sub basin basis rch is for results of in stream variables e g stream flow sediment nutrients loadings WYLD is total water yield from landscape usually surface runoff sub surface runoffs for Evapotranspiration SWAT accepts reference ET as weather input 157 SWAT project problem Question I am facing problem at st
100. es into SWAT using the dbf listing the stations and using text files Afterwards when reviewing the contents of the precipitation and temperature folders I notice that most of the stations now have a dbf file and a txt file but some only contain a txt file Is it safe to assume that for those stations simply containing a txt file that SWAT did not use such stations and for those that have a txt and a dbf file that those are the stations used by SWAT because they represent the closest stations to the individual sub watersheds Answer I don t know if it is safe to assume that To find out which weather stations each sub basin is using go into your project s database mdb using Access You ll have all of your different tables i e bsn sol rte sub etc Find SubPcp and SubTmp These two files will list each sub basin you have tell you what the distance is to the precipitation or temperature station as well as that station s name which should match what you called those dbf or txt files 134 Swat cup Question I was running swat cup sufi2 I saw the default observed file 1977 and 1978 I guess ql is for inflow and q2 is for outflow Similarly sl is sediment in and s2 is sediment out But we have only flow out and sediment out monthly data I am editing the observed file in following manner q_2 weight 1 var_Threshold 1 wt_below_threshold wt_above_threshold pent_Error 10 NO_Data 24 g_2_1991 1
101. estion I am interested in the details of SWAT output at HRU level when I unchecked the limit HRU button and run swat model at a daily step I got the error message Not enough space on temporary disk Answer You can reduce the HRU output by asking SWAT to print fewer output variables Look at the SWAT2009 Input Output manual chapter for file cio Look for the IPDVAS variable in this chapter 53 The file is already open Question could someone help me when I click on set up swat run I get a window that tells me that the file is already open do not understand what that means and also will not let me run it Answer I ve received this error a few times when there was another error that caused the setup SWAT run to fail In my case it was because the date range of my reservoir daily outflow files did not match the date range of my weather data When I tried to re setup I got the error message saying the file is already open The only way around it was to close Arc GIS and re open the project After I fixed the error in my daily outflow file the run was set up correctly and I did not receive the message 54 Outside the domain of the matrix I need to do simulations with SWAT for my final project with some urgency because the deadline is over When I going to run Write All in Write input tables I get the error Outside the domain of the matrix Answer In my experience this usually means that the date range of your input f
102. eter tables point source reservoirs Met etc and then rewriting all input tables This may fix some issues with previous versions 238 APEX Model Download Question Please someone guide me from where I can download APEX Model if it is a free software I cannot find it on the web or in USDA website Answer Last I had heard APEX isn t available on the website yet They were still testing the product although it had been available by request for others to try out as well Contact R Srinivasan his email is listed on this user group and perhaps he will provide it for you or he will let you know when it will be available 239 SWAT run NOT successful Question I had the problem with SWAT run This problem happened to me even with the example data from Arc SWAT installation Please help me have a look at the attachment I used my own system to set up SWAT run it was completed very well But when I was doing the SWAT run the SWAT2005 exe just flashed with the familiar black screen then a pop up displayed SWAT run NOT successful Is there anybody who know the reason of this problem and how I can solve it Thank you very much My thesis deadline is also due soon I 165 am very anxious to conquer the error Any help and suggestion will be highly appreciated Answer Please try to rewrite your input file from the edit database menu For my case I rewrote the management file first Then set up the run and do the swat run No
103. exact space counts Fortran formatting I would have to look it up in Ann s van Griensven s manual Page 31 suggests year 1X51 day 2x 31 3x measured values 1X11F 3 Let me see if I can interpret this again year 5 spaces all integer then 2 blank spaces 2x and 3 spaces with possible integer values for day make sure your units match the SWAT outputs i e flow is in m3 then 3 blank spaces and then measured values in 11 spaces with a maximum of 3 digits after the decimal point I would use R to do this using format and write table but I think there is also a way to do this in Excel I used a concatenate function in Excel to get the exact number of spaces between columns then copied and pasted into Notepad and saved it as a txt file and it worked I was using it for sensitivity analysis but I m assuming it would work the same for auto calibration 31 How to multi site calibration in SWAT Question I can calibrate SWAT model at an monitoring station But I have observed data at 2 stations so I want to calibrate at both stations How do I do in Arc SWAT Because as I see in the auto calibration in Arc SWAT it only allows to select a sub basin and a monitoring station on the sub basins but does not allow to select more than one sub basin Answer Are you only doing auto calibration If so please see the attached document It will give you instructions on how to calibrate for multiple sub basins with the SWAT auto
104. f the peaks I can take care of the non observed peaks without any problem through adjusting nutrients base flow etc but I have found it nearly impossible to match the observed peaks without greatly hindering my overall Nash Sutcliffe value currently 0 07 Even by setting gwqmn to 0 revapmn to 1 alpha_bf to 0 99 rchrg_dp to 1 etc and changing eT and ICN I only produce a little flow for the peak observed times while greatly over simulating the non peak periods Increasing cn2 by 10 also hinders my overall nash sutcliffe although it would help me approach the observed peaks I m not asking for assistance in calibration all that I d like to ascertain is if SWAT can match these observed peaks without having to adjust precipitation values e g through realistic fertilization values etc or if I should go in another direction with this research I would rather not have to adjust precipitation since there are no realistic sources of the exact precipitation quantities outside of the xmrg NEXRAD radar products which I am already using Flow cms simulated cms observed cms The short answer to your question is no In my opinion I would not try to force model parameters to correct something that does not appear to be linked to them If you eliminate the three high event periods your calibration looks okay and minor parameter adjustments will take care of some of the imperfections In the case of the thre
105. f each cell is treated as a sub basin you windup with too many sub basins for a manageable model Either the spatial extent or the cell size must give The current version of SWAT does not allow sediment and runoff from once cell HRU or sub basin to enter the next cell in overland flow so you may not get the results you are looking for we are working on that If you use relatively large cells as sub basins I have seen the approach work There are some scenarios that may be well suited for grid simulation If you are concerned strictly with upland loads you may choose to simulate only unique combinations of soils land use management and slope in your watershed and ignore the routing all together This decreased the computation time by a couple of orders of magnitude I have used this approach for the identification of critical source areas I do have a report I can share with you about this 229 Error in SWAT2005 Question Swat2005 run and I get the following error Program reading from file CIO executing forrtl severe 59 list directed I O syntax error unit l file Neka file CIO Routine Line Source GETALLO 144 getallo f MAIN 70 main f I have reviewed the file and cannot find any errors Answer a I think that the problem may be in the format of the file You edited this file file CIO In the Input Output manual you can see the format But you can make this file from a GIS like Arc View or Arc GIS with the appropri
106. f it was just the amount of change that was insignificant but there was still no change I am looking at the flows in the watout dat file is this because I am looking at the wrong flow should I be looking at the output rch files or is this because by lup dat isn t working Answer there was a bug in arcswat2009 93 5 version please upgrade to latest version to fix this issue 82 Calibration Versus Validation model efficiency Question I have few absurd in calibration and validation phase of SWAT model The calibration step come out with suitably sufficient model efficiency while the validation phase is characterized with significantly low model efficiency values I am tracing the root cause but could not able to figure them out rightly Is it due to the fact that the calibration phase which brings sufficiently good model result is not representative of the catchments property or there is an inherent problem in the model to generate the validation phase output Pls kindly clear such vague in due course and suggest the appropriate step I am supposed to follow Answer Two possible reasons are as follows 1 Over parameterization This happens when you adjust too many parameters for the amount of observed data you have during the calibration 69 period As an extreme example suppose you calibrate at the monthly time step and your calibration period is only two years but you have 12 parameters in auto calibration Well then yo
107. from the nearest station you have data for SWAT does not do this automatically Otherwise you can pre process the precipitation data with PCP_SWAT which takes the available data for each day and kriges it to estimate precipitation in each of your subbasins This takes care of missing values and smooth precipitation over the entire watershed 75 95 exaggerated simulated discharge Question In my SWAT run the simulation results are much exaggerated when I compare them with the observed data I tried to decrease the curve number soil available water threshold depth of water in shallow aquifer for revamp to occur and increase deep percolation loss and groundwater revamp coefficient But the change is not satisfactory even it is not changing that much Is there any mechanism to lower the simulated discharge Answer In that case I would verify precipitation input data Make sure they are within reasonable range of rainfall in your study area 96 To reduce the lateral flow Question I am getting a very high lateral flow Could anyone help how to reduce the flow Which factor does affect the lateral flow more Answer You can try to decrease it by changing the lateral flow lag time or hydraulic conductivities of soil layers 97 Climate change analysis through Swat model Question I am working on climate change analysis I want to apply swat model for this how can I do this Answer Are you have Globale Model Climate C
108. g at is the NO3 concentration in the reservoir I m finding that the NO3 concentration tends to shoot up to an unreasonable level whenever the volume in the reservoir goes down I ve compared the SWAT NO3 concentration against my own estimates that I found from discrediting the NO3 mass balance using a backward difference scheme and found the SWAT results to be generally higher than my results Further my results don t show the above mentioned shooting up tendency Following that I checked the SWAT source code and am now hypothesizing that there is a bug there More specifically if I m reading the source code right SWAT is failing to account for the NO3 leaving the reservoir in the consumptive water withdrawal stream thus causing an accumulation of NO3 in the system where there shouldn t be that becomes especially obvious when the reservoir volume is on a downtrend I m wondering if anyone has had a similar experience Or if anyone can confirm my hypothesis of the bug in the SWAT NO3 reservoir mass balance Answer I have used SWAT with impoundments as well I attached my related paper under Files on this site as Bosch 2008 so I have similarly looked into SWAT nutrient processing in reservoirs and ponds with some detail I have not had to deal with consumptive water use so I have not specifically looked into the code concerning this But I think your assessment of no N loss through this water withdrawal seems likely given
109. g else principally particulate P whether organic or inorganic I m skeptical because I don t didn t find whether Qual2E explicitly modeled adsorption desorption of P from mineral particles which one would think ought to be an important form of P in rivers In addition to MINERAL_P and ORGANIC_P Qual2E also keeps track of chlorophyll which is from algae and Qual2E assigns a P content to that algal load So technically this is another part of the P load However when a reach delivers its load to a reservoir the reservoir receives the MINERAL _P and ORGANIC P load but I don t think it keeps track of the Chlorophyll load I could be wrong here but in general I would carefully track your output to test whether the model is correctly passing P between reaches and reservoirs Currently I just do not use the stream water quality routines Qual2E In this configuration the model keeps good track of P coming off the landscape and what gets routed downstream both through the reaches and through the reservoirs and what may be deposited in reservoir sediments 223 HRU Definition error Question I am running across an error during the HRU Definition step I m defining my threshold values in percent for land use soil slope and when I go to click on Create HRUs I get an error The first box that pops up is SWAT_HRUs SWHT WWHT which is obviously referencing two of my land uses spring and winter wheat So I click OK on that an
110. h other Answer I would try both ideas and see the std file Ideally speaking if a plant has not started growing then it cannot be harvested for the first year of simulation unless if you had initial plant growth Please let the group know of your results 266 Questions on water balance and routing in SWAT Question As shown in the documentations SWAT calculates flows using total sub basin area and precipitation On other hand When calculating the water volumes in impoundment wetlands ponds and lakes SWAT again uses impoundment areas to add the volume of precipitation falling on the water body into its water balance Because impoundment areas have already been 187 included in HUR sub basin areas I am wonder if SWAT double accounts the precipitations falling on the water bodies thus over estimates the flows In addition I know SWAT routes flows from HURs to channels first and then lakes before flowing to next sub basins but how it routes flow if there are wetlands ponds and lakes in a sub basin Answer Good question you could get an idea by vastly increasing the areas of your reservoirs and seeing how this affects your water yields But it would be good to get a definitive answer If you get it figured out please post your findings gt In addition I know SWAT routes flows from HURs to channels first and gt then lakes before flowing to next sub basins but how it routes flow if gt there are wetlands ponds
111. hak silt sange mase HB loam sandy loam W khake kamomghe sangrizei E tappe sheni Drawing k orar e foo 0 Arial AM z B z ulAy amp v br sv an 4 Org a OrgP No3 Concentration Load Sensitivity id y AddTolist Porameier Objective Funi ConcLoed AaCalNum Weight gt Flow 1 1 1 1 Delete Selected From List Model Output Evaluations responsmet dat Choose Parameter Average Threshold Criteria Threshold Flow v i h OrgN Concentration Load Sensitivity OrgP No3 Parameter Avg Thresh Conciload AutoCalNum Threshold gt Flow 1 1 1 0 Delete Selected From List Write Input Files Run Auto Calibration Cancel 5603734 996 30401053975 Meters C Users Reza Uni Tasks Graduate Thesis sis9 sis9 mdb File Edit View Bookmarks Insert Selection Tools Window Help Deke Q gt 38 LAIDH lelez SWAT Project Setup Watershed Delineator HRU Analysis Write Input Tables Edit SWAT Input SWAT Simulation x MonitoringPoint lt all other values gt Type Linking stream added Outle Precipitation Gage e Temperature Gage Outlet lt all other values Type E Linking stream added Outle Reach Watershed o LongestPath Slope mos m50 m10 15 m15 2 EE 20 0909 SwatSoilClass LandSoils4 Classes Ml sange azarin konglomera Bi sange ahak silt sange mast
112. hange when you are run finish on GMCC you can selected the parameters as Tem or Rainfall then you can take those permanent input into the SWAT model as What you want to modeling on climate change RFINC TMPINC if you can try on Edit Input then go to Subbasin Data and on the Select input file you select on sub you can see many parameters as RFINC 98 Sensitivity analysis and calibration Question When I want to do sensitivity analysis and calibration SWAT wants me to choose a subbasin Is the sensitivity analysis and calibration done just for the chosen subbasin and I should do that for all subbasins one by one Answer In the simplest situation you have a stream gage measuring flow and you make that the outlet for your entire basin And then when you want to calibrate and you need to choose a subbasin pick the one that has the stream gauge Don t pick the other ones The other ones drain into that one subbasin and thus in a sense are already included 99 PET file Question Someone has an example of how to build an file of PET Answer I have attached the chapter from our documentation on this file along with an example input file pet pet ch11_input_pet doc 100 Error with SUFI2 Question I am trying to calibrate with SWAT CUP SUFI2 the SFI run finishes ok but on running SUFI_post the program terminates with a message ERROR simulation number 1 in variable file 1 is missing or has a proble
113. he reaches trap any sediment especially since many of our agricultural rivers seem to be widening and or incising and are sites of net erosion not deposition My concerns are that in a model such as SWAT with no limits on the amounts of channel erosion or deposition it is entirely feasible for field erosion to be overestimated with a counterbalancing over trapping of sediment in the channel allowing a model calibrated for the wrong reasons It would make it look like we re loading our channels with sediment and that they are net sinks of sediment This may well be true in some parts of the country and perhaps in earlier times of the 20th century But in the agricultural parts of Minnesota and Iowa it appears that streams are currently more likely to be net sources of sediment rather than sinks This may be related to tile drainage or increase in soybean acreage see papers by Keith Schilling et al at U of IA So Nebraska may well be different 152 Computational capacity of SWAT2005 Question One of the lakes modeled as unregulated reservoir in my swat model has a capacity of 1 8e13 cubic meters The model consistently gives an output value off by a factor 100 The output file shows that lake volumes are reduced by a factor of 100 and the outflows are high approximately by factor of 100 There are other ponds in the system for which the values are acceptable Any remedies to overcome this One solution is to split the la
114. hem spatial variation in rainfall measurement methods and timing etc so the manual fill in method might be your best route You could use NEXRAD data however many studies have shown that you are often better off using precip stations instead Typically I will load my precip into the model run it and evaluate things from that point If I have periods with large simulated peaks but no measured data I will go back and take a look at the station as well as any others in the greater radius to look for discrepancies 3 am using the arc swat for watershed modeling in the window of the watershed delineation the stream definition based on the threshold area the range of the area is showing as 0 0 Whether you have converted your DEM from lat long to UTM coordinate It once happened for me b cos I had converted them to UTM equivalent meters unit 198 Climate change Question I am working on SWAT I want to apply SWAT model for the Climate change is it possible Answer You need to define separate weather files for both present or baseline and projected scenario and use them as you do normally from SWAT weather input save a backup While doing so change the weather generator files as well in the projected scenario analyze the data to enter the parameters for projected scenario as well If you are modeling CO2 change also change the parameter CO2HI in crop database as well like present scenario 380 ppm proje
115. her groundwater information ponds water use etc However upon further review I notice that I missed something in the watershed delineation everything looks fine in my sub basin delineation but I want the main stem of the river in the first sub basin furthest upstream to extend further preferably out to the dam that is upstream of the delineated watershed see attachment I have tried editing the reach file created during the watershed delineation process using GIS to no avail Does this mean I need to start the entire project from scratch or is there a method to get around doing so I know it was stupid of me to miss it but there s no use dwelling on that In the attached file the NHD plus stream network which I burned in is shown in blue and the SWAT delineated reach is in red I would like to get the reach to extend upstream to the watershed boundary black which is just downstream of the dam square If it matters I had previously checked the NHD file for continuity before burning it in e g no lakes and it checked out just fine VvVatershed NHD blue SVVAT Delineated Reach red dam outside watershed green square Answer I think you re doomed to have to re delineate I don t know a way to adjust reach lengths and sub basin areas and other characteristics after initial delineation It s unclear to me how the upstream reservoir was excluded from the delineation in the first place did you man
116. her data for SWAT 84 Maximum number of outlets 85 In SWAT modeling 86 DEM download 87 Strange SWAT2005 Running Results 88 About water transfer 89 SWAT 2009 user s manual 90 Long lat of each HRU 91 Simulation for sediment yield 92 Error code 13 93 HRU output is empty 94 PCP file 95 Exaggerated simulated discharge 96 To reduce the lateral flow 97 Climate change analysis through Swat model 98 Sensitivity analysis and calibration 99 PET file 100 Error with SUFI2 101 Weather data definition error 102 Auto calibration error 103 How to compile SWAT2005 on Linux esp Ubuntu 10 04 104 Error in running SWAT 105 Nutrient transport calibration 106 Calculation of surface runoff 107 SWAT project problem 108 SWAT 109 Irrigation water 110 NOAA forecasted NCEP data 111 Help for climate change use in SWAT 112 Error in connecting with soil database 113 Swat run NOT successful 114 SWAT 2009 installation problem with 64bit windows 7 115 SWAT run not successful 116 How to deal with error comes during model run 117 Auto calibration NOT successful 118 Average monthly basin rain is not the same as the first run result 119 PCP_SWAT 120 Water Transfer issues in SWAT 121 Weather generator stations 122 Weather Data Definition Locations Tables 123 Water Transfer issues in SWAT 124 Weather generator stations 125 Weather Data Definition Locations Ta
117. hich I need to look into Answer Try this http swatmodel tamu edu media 1315 swat calibration techniques _slides pdf 191 US weather data Question I found that SWAT has built in WGN parameters for over 1000 stations in US see Statwgn dbf in the SWAT2005 mdb But I did not find the daily weather data in the database From these parameters we know that these stations could provide all the weather elements precipitation temperature wind speed relative humidity and solar radiation SWAT needed So can anyone let me know where I can download the daily weather data for these stations Answer The National Climatic Data Center NCDC in Asheville North Carolina is the fundamental repository of weather data in the USA If you re operating from a computer in the USA within an edu domain I believe you can 136 download data for free Otherwise your access is limited and you can purchase CDs or perhaps DVDs now of daily weather data from their cooperative network of stations There are thousands of stations in the co op network far more than the few hundred in the SWAT database The stations in SWAT are just those with well characterized weather statistics so that the weather generator in SWAT can make reasonable estimates of missing weather data Most of the co op stations have only precipitation and maybe temperature but at least these are the most important for SWAT The NCDC data sets are well done but a li
118. hrough Ubuntu repositories or should I try to manually install an Intel Fortran Linux compiler I would much appreciate it if someone could give me guidance on compiling in Linux especially Ubuntu 10 04 but any Linux compiling advice would be much appreciated Answer I think you should try with the Intel Fortran Linux compiler but you need Ubuntu 9 04 due some library troubles Before building the code you should use the tool dos2unix to clean the source from escaping char and something like that 104 Error in running SWAT Question I received an error message as seen on the attached figure SWAT run is not successful What could be the possible reason and solution for this error Answer If you added a crop to the database you might want to check your new inputs If you are not able to figure this out please send me your crop database file 105 Nutrient transport calibration Question I am using SWAT to simulate Nitrate and Phosphorus transport in a snowmelt driven catchments in Canada I first calibrated daily catchments runoff which was reasonable But monthly calibration of nutrient transport always seem to produce to lots of nutrients especially after snowmelt season in April and May For example simulated nitrate N concentration during these months are about 30 mg l while observed values are less than 5mg l I am using the following parameters and ranges for the model calibrat
119. hs when some storage is advisable to help reduce the possibility of catastrophic floods Consequently a during non flood months Reservoirs and Ponds the target volume is the emergency volume thereby holding as much water as possible for water supply The Reservoir either spills nothing when volume lt emergency volume or it spills everything above that volume immediately that same day The result is very spiky outflow NDTARG has no effect b during flood months the target volume is allowed to drop below emergency to being somewhere between the normal and emergency volumes depending on soil moisture If the soil is really wet and a large runoff event could occur you want as much storage as possible to reduce flooding so the target volume will be down at the normal volume If the soil is dry then you don t need to guard as much against flooding so the target volume is set higher up to halfway between normal and emergency because the underlying goal remains to keep as much water in the Reservoir as possible The Ponds and Wetlands of most sites including NW Minnesota are not so managed i e they re not managed at all The idea that water levels would be low in Ponds when the soil is wet is fairly backwards of what would normally happen And during all non flood months which most of us would interpret as being normal or typical months the target volume will be set to the emergency volume and your NDT
120. http swatmodel tamu edu software arcswat 93 HRU output is empty Question In my SWAT runs the HRU output is empty and there is no BIOMASS output I am wondering if anybody can help me how to solve this problem Answer How big is your study area and where is it Did you use the interface to set up and run SWAT Make sure you unchecked the limit HRU output in the run SWAT model simulation window check the input HRU files to see if these are written right check output std to see if the biomass output is available there 94 PCP file Question I have 3 ran gauge stations in my watershed In some of the stations data are missing for some period Does it take precipitation from another station for that period How SWAT deals with the missing data in any station does it take from another nearest station or simply it takes zero O for missing data of that station Answer At most SWAT will fill in missing values which must be designated as 99 via its weather generator if you ve got the statistics for nearby stations included in Swat s weather generator database these values are automatically included for the USA But for precipitation you usually should not let SWAT generate estimated values unless you really are looking only at long term average flows for climate change studies If you are trying to match monitored flow records or other monitored values you really should fill in the missing values yourself with those
121. ibility is actually high because of the decades of being loaded with soil erosion and it is now being mobilized with any increase in flow I m a little surprised though that with perennial ET from the grassland your overall water yields and thus overall flows are not actually lower than with the cropland I 135 would ve thought cropland would cause both more runoff and surface erosion and also more overall flow and consequent channel erosion 2 We at least know that the end member of your scenario when the entire landscape was native prairie grassland certainly did NOT have larger sediment yields from bank erosion than today 3 Probably this really just demonstrates that the channel erosion algorithm in SWAT is not very appropriate for modeling the real source of non field sediment which may be ravines and bank failures I can t think of a current tool in SWAT to handle this type of erosion Perhaps there needs to be a new module at the base of each sub basin like a Pond or Wetland called a Ravine that receives a certain fraction of flow from the sub basin and erodes proportionally but only during runoff events 190 Overestimation of runoff peaks in AVSWATX Question I am working on AVSWATX model for calibration of runoff from small watershed of 960 ha 9 6 km2 In runoff calibration temporal pattern is matching with observed runoff But peaks of runoff are overestimated Can anybody help me in this about parameter w
122. ication Answer I believe the main model functionality for the land use slope and soil section of SWAT is to provide a consistent basis for the delineation of HRUs If you understand the concept of HRUs then this should be a straight forward modification to your particular problem What I would suggest is that you select the SWAT land use code that is the closest in land use description to your wasteland snow rocky Keeping this in mind perform modification in the assigned CN or any other parameter that might depend on the land use classification in the Edit SWAT Input section so as to more closely replicate your particular scenario 50 51 Infiltration too low and runoff too high Please see attached plots of modeled and observed flows for the reach I am trying to calibrate my model and I am getting far to little base flow and too much runoff So far I have tried the following 1 ReducingCN2 CNOP 2 Changing CNOP PET Method CNCOEF 3 IncreasingSOL_Kvalues 4 Adjusting ALL the GW parameters I ve tested all these parameters to extremes with little or no effect I simply can t find a way to increase infiltration and I can t see what is limiting it I think there is something not right with SW as it doesn t seem to fluctuate properly Modelled Observed 02 i t f K Ai Ja A ah renl LAAN Th ING k MN Ga Bo wt og ONDE GOH pagoh Yio Yb fosnuned b b Sousa dou ssuee gad
123. ice In general each group has a primary focus on their own region in which they provide text forecasts for though most have a global product often times in a gridded GRIB1 GRIB2 or NetCDF format that you have to interpolate to your points I have worked with most if not all of the above so if you let us know what area and specifically a lat lon I might be able to help guide you to a product that would be easily incorporated into real time SWAT runs 111 Help for climate change use in SWAT Question I have average monthly data for the periods 1961 1990 and 2071 to 2100 My problem is how do I complete the missing data is from 1991 to 2070 easily I thought of using interpolation to fill missing data temporarily as the SPLINE I do not know if it is correct Any idea will help me a lot Answer Do you need the monthly data just to fill in the gaps In that case you can use the monthly climatology average over those months Otherwise if you are looking for a specific scenario you could use IPCC data from ipcc data org They also have a 20th century scenario that could work as a base 112 Error in connecting with soil database 86 Question when I am trying load soil user table then error come like particular soil does not exist in your database but I have checked it is there and at other computer it is working I have administrator rights I don t know why it is happening I think it is not connecting with soil
124. iddling with CN USGS Regression or Build Up Wash Off and some of the parameters in the urban database to crank up NO3 levels in these HRU s without any luck Even assigning them the same 61 classification in the mgt file as the medium density HRU produces NaN I find the behavior strange and I m considering reclassifying the area to medium density as a solution as there are 2 HRU that are medium density working fine But I m not confident this will address the issue I just think it might be convenient because these rural town areas are not part of the analysis Before I go down that route has anyone seen this behavior or have experience setting up urban areas Answer The soil for those H R Us did not have realistic values for SOL_AWC SOL_K That solved the problem 72 Manual calibration when sens analysis says nothing s sensitive Question In attempting to calibrate my model I conducted a sensitivity analysis using observed data The most sensitive parameter was CN2 but the sensitivity index for it was only 0 435E 00 which I wouldn t even use if this was the calibration stage I tried manually calibrating with all three T methods the best in terms of Nash Sutcliffe was Penman Montieth and Hargreaves However I can t break the 0 4 N S threshold My small 1060 km2 watershed only contains one stream gage active for the calibration period and the calibration period is from 1980 1992 so that s before radar in case precipitatio
125. iency 43 Maximum number of outlets 44 Aster GDEM 45 DEM download 46 Reservoir vs pond 47 Tributary channel 48 About water transfer 49 Sediment Yield Results 50 Land use code 51 Infiltration too low and runoff too high 52 Uncheck limit HRU output 53 The file is already open 54 Outside the domain of the matrix 55 Precipitation in outputs 56 Sensitivity analysis problem 57 Extract daily flow from daily output table 58 Error 59 How can we get sub basin wise shallow and deep aquifer recharge 60 Updating a parameter in Arc SWAT 61 Subbsain surface adapted to reservoir surface 62 Missing precipitation 63 Weather generator 64 How to turn off the In stream function in SWAT 65 Regarding ET methods and possible omission of wind and relative humidity weather variables 66 Water balance 67 Point and Non point source data 68 Record is deleted 69 REVAP 70 Error run swat2009 71 NO3kgh and ORGNkgh NaN in Urban HRUs 72 Manual calibration when sens analysis says nothing s sensitive 73 Trend analysis in historical climate data 74 Right sitting of dam 75 Weather Generator used together with measured data 76 Calibration using SUFI 2 77 Error in running SWAT 78 Negative values for precipitation 79 SUFI2 80 Different calibration time will get different flow 81 Land use update 82 Calibration Versus Validation model efficiency 83 Simulated weat
126. iles weather reservoir outflow etc may not match each other Or the date range you specify to run the model is not within the date range of you input files 55 Precipitation in outputs Question I m a little bit confused as to how the annual summary for the watershed in each year specifically the precipitation is generated for the outputs I ran a climate change scenario generated using a single precipitation temperature station right near the basin centroid My daily precipitation time series indicated average precipitation of 400 500 mm year but according to my outputs I m getting fewer than 20 mm for each year According to the outputs my average annual precipitation is now a meager 17 mm which doesn t seem to jive with the input data True for the most part I m getting 1 mm of precipitation per day but even still my outputs file seems to severely underestimate precipitation relative to the input file I ve attached the dbf for the precipitation time series as well as the output std file My warm up period is the first three years of the precip dbf Answer The out put std file you attached does not contain any data Looks like it only has the headings for your warm up period 56 Sensitivity analysis problem Question I am looking for helps with my sensitivity analysis My SWAT was able to run sensitivity analysis without observed flow data but after I tried to plug in observed data SWAT never ran successfull
127. imulated which explains the high nitrate volume Try to reduce SDNCO to about 0 6 0 7 and see if it helps 26 Lake and wetland within a sub basin Question If there is a lake pond and a wetland located within a sub basin how does swat simulate such a situation The WET_FR and PND_FR as well as min max areas of lake and wetland need to be specified so that there won t be any overlap Are the outflows from lake and wetland routed to the stream outlet separately And there is no interaction between the lake and the wetland Answer First keep in mind that Swats Ponds and Wetlands are somewhat conceptual entities that are useful for providing a reasonable approximation of how these surface detention features actually function Because they can t be placed spatially in a sub basin exactly as in the real landscape there is a loss of realism But they provide an essential tool in SWAT to account for the effective aggregate impact of these features on watershed hydrology and on sediment and nutrient transport I believe the code starts with WET_FR and directs that fraction say it s 25 of the sub basin area of the total water yield from each HRU to the Wetland This includes all components of flow surface lateral groundwater A water balance for the Wetland is calculated for that day inflow minus ET minus seepage losses but see notes below and any remaining water yield from the Wetland principally surface outflow here then gets a
128. in swat cup and modeling BMPs after calibration Question I have made a calibration with swat cup sufi2 and now I want to make some scenario runs with some BMPs How could I do this Should I import the txtinout files to a new default simulation though the SWAT interface if so how or could I run scenarios through SWATCUP Answer If you are just wanting to make individual runs now I think you can do it this way Leave the SWAT CUP2 environment behind and go to the project folder that you created when you were in SWAT CUP2 In it you should find a file named model in Open it and I think you ll see the parameters listed that you were auto calibrating and some values with them You can add more parameters your mgt parameters and values you want to try Then close the file Double click on the swat_edit exe and you ll see all the parameters changed accordingly in the files Then click on swat2005 exe and you ll have a new set of output files The parameters that you want to change need to be listed in another file in that same project folder and called Absolute_SWAT_Values txt Chances are they will be If they aren t you can try adding them under the first section the gw section of that file 149 SWAT CUP error finishes its run soon and the result is the same for any number of iteration Question I have used SWAT CUP to calibrate my projects over large areas But now over an other region it is not working for me It fin
129. in the 26 or 27 year of your observed data 186 About calibration and sensitivity analysis Question I have 10 sub watersheds Can I use observed data of only 1 sub watershed for calibration sensitivity analysis And also can I use 99 for the missing data as we do for weather data Answer It depends on the location of the sub watershed If it is at the outlet of the entire watershed then yes It s best to calibrate for multiple 133 sub watersheds so that you re capturing the spatial intricacies of the watershed Are you using the automatic calibration program within SWAT As for your other question I don t remember off hand but I think 99 00 is what you use as an input when you have missing data 187 SWAT CALIBRATION Question I m working on Rainfall Runoff modeling using Arc SWAT 2005 I have to calibrate the model for runoff At the time of default run model simulated runoff is very high as compared to observed runoff Now i m calibrating model using curve number CN2 available soil capacity SOL_AWC channel manning s n CH_N alpha bf factor ALPHA_BFP surface lag SURLAG soil evaporation compensation factor ESCO But after calibration runoff is not reduces as much as required So which parameter shall I use to reduce surface runoff other that these parameters Answer You also should work withbase flow parameters GW_DELAY GW_REVAP REVAP_MN GWQMN 188 Changing the Land Use File in SWAT Question
130. in the user manual Then save as dbase 217 How many times will auto calibration run Question I am doing the auto calibration now selecting 12 parameters So how many times will auto calibration run There is no display in Dos For my sensitivity analysis took 65 hours so I wondering how long is the auto calibration step Answer Another user asked the same question so here is what I had mentioned to that person before I recently ran auto calibration for 4 337 runs it took a few weeks and that was for 13 parameters SWAT is trying to find the best combination of your 12 parameters so it is going through and changing each parameter to find your best combination It is not like sensitivity where you can count your parameters and figure on X number of runs SWAT will keep calibrating until it is not improving your results Patience is definitely a key and you need to make sure you leave yourself enough time for a project If you absolutely need to stop the model I believe hitting Control C will terminate the program although you won t have any results One thing that helped is to not use the computer when you are running auto calibration It will process faster if you don t have other applications running Also perhaps you will want to shut off auto updates if they are enabled until your model is done 218 SWAT Source Code Question Is anyone having the source code of SWAT it will be great help to me if you share this A
131. ing of 07 adjusting the necessary files to calibrate to high and low flow files I set up I executed the auto calibration routine last Monday and it is still running So I am wondering why it is not stopping From my estimates it should have run 60 trials for 5 parameters Then I hypothesized that it would run double that for calibrating to high and low flows when the routine was running past 60 trial runs I checked it this morning after the weekend and it is still executing and is currently at 255 trial runs Could anyone offer some advice in regards to this I am wondering what my options are can I manually stop the program without any problems or should I let it keep running which I don t know when it will stop Any advice would be greatly appreciated Answer The time the Auto calibration takes depends on the number of parameters you set for calibration simulation period and the number of HRUs So currently you can wait until it ends then you will have some basic concept of its operation 244 SWAT 2005 input amp output documentation Question In SWAT 2005 input amp output documentation there is a long account from P497 to P529 the end related to Sub watershed discretization what s main purpose and function of this part in the document What do we do with it Answer I got your email on the question in regards to the documentation I was using for calibration and wanted to get back to you on that here If you g
132. iomass that is P and N you can set this The problem is this is all extra P and N that are not related to the actual loads of P and N transported by the overland runoff or any other flow in SWAT Le this extra P and N are not real Depending on your watershed the added amount may be significant In my last project turning on QUAL2E resulted in a 20 increase of the P load I felt this was unacceptable and since then I just haven t used QUALZ2E at all The error can be reduced by reducing the P and N content of algae to negligible levels like from 0 015 to 0 001 or something like that if I remember the values more or less for P However then your QUAL2E calculations of algal 83 growth and decay per unit nutrient level will be pretty screwed up That s the current state as I see it now the code has not been corrected to my knowledge The fix would be to simply check to see if QUAL2E is turned on and if it is then the portion of the P load from the HRU corresponding to the amount of added algae chlorophyll should be subtracted from the other P load components ORG_P SED_P and SOL_P before being delivered to the reach Reducing the size of the seed load of chlorophyll might also be appropriate 106 Calculation of surface runoff Question I am little confused about the output of the interface There would be three output files generated namely bsb sbs and rch When considering the surface runoff which file sho
133. ion I am using the Arc SWAT model on a tropical watershed in Malaysia After setting all configurations and building the databases I encountered with a critical problem There is surface runoff on the overland plane but we cannot see a high outflow in the reach The outflow is around 1 cm while the observed outflow is about 20 cm I changed land use and soil maps and tested all changes in parameters e g surlag Ch_n OV_n ch_k but the result is the same Also I changed SWAT 2009 to SWAT 2005 but no changes in outflow I think the model is blocked and does not response to any changes I change the routing algorithm from Variable Storage to Muskingum also but no response Could this error caused by using a projection system rather than UTM Because our data projection system is in the category of National Grid RSO Kertau Malaysia Meters Answer As long as your projection uses meters it shouldn t matter whether it is UTM or an alternate regional system Double check your precipitation units they should be in mm not cm for example In general make sure you believe your precipitation inputs are some stations giving un representative values Bad precipitation data can lead you astray Make sure you have no water losses to deep aquifer recharge or seepage through ponds wetlands or reservoirs or transmission losses through channels I e set their K values to zero You may add them back in as needed but for n
134. ion and keeping everything else as default CMN bsn 0 0001 0 003 PSP bsn 0 1 0 4 ERORGP hru 0 5 ERORGN hru 0 5 BC4 swq 0 1 0 7 BC2 swq 0 2 2 RS5 swq 0 05 0 1 RCN bsn N_UPDIS bsn P_UPDIS bsn NPERCO bsn PPERCO bsn SOL_NO3 chm SOL_ORGN chm SOL_SOLP chm SOL_ORGP chm I have not used any fertilizer inputs Does anybody have an idea why SWAT is simulating excess nutrients Answer a I think the de nitrification levels are low in your model Check this in your output std Try varying the CDN and SDNCO variables in bsn to set higher de nitrification Be careful that SDNCO even when set to O in the interface is set as 1 10 and CDN when set to O is reset as 1 4 within SWAT code A value SDNCO 1 10 implies that de nitrification starts when moisture levels are at 110 of field capacity Try setting SDNCO to 0 6 0 9 and see if that helps Answer b My understanding is that QUAL2E requires some amount of chlorophyll a in the stream to start with or else its calculations somehow fail So SWAT always adds some starting chlorophyll a to each stream reach in case QUAL2E is turned on If QUAL2E is turned off this chlorophyll just passes downstream without impacting nutrient loads However if QUAL2E is turned on then it interprets this chlorophyll as algae When that algae decomposes it further presumes that the nutrients in that algae are released to the stream according to the P and N content parameters the fraction of algal b
135. ion values with a great number of anomalies I corrected the precipitation values accordingly but after the corrections I have some negative values for precipitation Maybe I could put these negative values equal to zero but how SWAT would work with some negative values for precipitation SWAT will consider these negative values as NO DATA and then it will interpolate to have new data for those NO DATA values Or it will put the negative values to zero Answer The only negative values for precipitation P should be 99 which indicates a missing value to SWAT SWAT would then I believe revert to estimating precipitation based on its weather generator program Unless I m missing something obvious I don t see how any other negative values for P would be sensible Assuming that you are in control of the time series of P that you are inputting to SWAT whether an actual record or a simulated record that you generated then I would advise removing all 99 values If you have more than one station then fill in missing P values with those from the next nearest station or use an average of existing stations SWAT does not do this interpolation among existing stations for you not that I know of 79 SUFI2 Question I am currently calibrating my SWAT model with the SUFI2 algorithm in SWAT CUP 4 I had a few queries in this regard 1 I have ran the SUFI2 algorithm for the 13 default parameters that are already in par inf_text for 500 number
136. ir is in lower part the sediment coursing in the catchments is not going to reservoir it is settling in the upper part Answer If sediment is settling out in the Reaches and you do not what this then set the channel sediment parameters to stop this I believe the two 147 relevant parameters are SPCON and SPEXP Read the theory manual to understand how they work If I recall increasing SPCON reduces sedimentation In any case change SPCON and or SPEXP to stop channel deposition Then the sediment should be routed all the way downstream to your reservoir There reduce NSED to what is needed to trap the amount of sediment you want in the reservoir 212 Batch run Question We have different climate scenarios as inputs for SWAT and we were wondering if there was any way to set SWAT to run all of the scenarios one after the other automatically so that it will run them all within a few nights Answer You can write a dos batch file if you have the different scenarios in different sub directories For example in a text editor notepad write cd path to first scenario path to exe swat2003 exe cd path to second scenario path to exe swat2003 exe cd path to third scenario path to exe swat2003 exe cd path to fourth scenario path to exe swat2003 exe etc pause Save this as batchrun bat in the main directory and double click or run from a dos window Alternatively you can use another program to post process and
137. irst manually Only the dir not the files I have about 488 hru s so this works quite rapidly I use tinn R for scripting but you can use others http www sciviews org Tinn R and http sourceforge net projects tinn r Attached is also a file to plot observed vs predicted from the output of the autocalibration which you can also run from DOS you can write a similar file to process the Pest output 275 Running SWAT without its interface Question Have anyone of you ever tried to run SWAT without its interface As the SWAT fortran code is available on this website is it possible to run the SWAT without its interface I included all the SWAT files in one new project and compiled It compiled with no errors but at the time of execution there were some 80 errors If anyone has ever run SWAT without its interface please inform me what could be a probable problem Answer running SWAT without the interface works fine I have used R www r project org for pre and post processing of data files for running different scenarios but you could use any other math command line structure I have only used the AVSWAT interface to set up the watershed as I haven t yet bothered working out how to write the fig file but I am sure that can be done as well You can run SWAT2005 exe 194 just from the dos command prompt or via another command structure That way you can also link SWAT to PEST if that is what you want to do The main
138. ishes its run soon and the summary results are the same for any number of iterations simulations The SWAT run was completed successfully with out any error but the Swat Cup error is attached Anyone who can help me please GG sufi2_Run Bat e e SWAT2005 Soil Water Assessment Tool ersion Program reading from file cio executing Forrtl severe 24 gt end of file during read unit 111 file F fish Research cu IP f inal paara Suf i2 Sunt Cup eeeet 6661 ops mage PC outine Line Source wat2005 exe 686A8539 un known Unknown Unknown f ish Research Cur inal paara Suf i2 SwatCup gt SuFI2_extract_rch exe ee ees BE s 7 SE G 32 O G0GGE 8G G AG8GE 288 O A 0 0 9 80897E 05 Q90GE 88 A N GGQGE 66 G6 GGGGE 66 G6 G66GE 60 G GG6GE O6 G GEGGGE G6 G GH6GE S6 G6 G00GE G0 4 66 BGE O9 amp G90GE S0 G2 890GE S8 G6 S99GE 99 amp S9090GE 80 amp 2 G0GGE S8 G GG6GE 98 amp S00GE Finished Total Time 00 01 26 Answer It seems the setup in your extracting file has problems to make sure the reach numbers correct and extracted variables in a right arrangement SWAT Cup help manual has a example you can compare and see if problems are there 150 Do I need to have Arc GIS to install SWAT2009 Question I download SWAT2009 but after click the exe file nothing happen Is that because I don t have Arc GIS 9 3 SWAT2009 is different from Arc SWAT right Answer The file swat2009 exe is the executable pr
139. ke but I prefer to keep a single lake Answer I forget Swat s default maximum size for reservoirs but I think it was unrealistically small for many lakes You could enter a new maximum in the resrng table if you want to enter the volume in the Arc SWAT interface dialog box Or if you change the value directly in the res table itself I think SWAT will accept it To slow outflow increase NDTARGR if that s the option you mean by being unregulated And just to check you re aware that reservoir volume in SWAT is measured in ha m which are different from cubic meters by a factor of 10 000 153 Arc SWAT in Windows 7 Question I am struggling to work with Arc Swat 2005 and my system is 64bit and windows 7 operating system its giving me so many problems is any one successfully install and run Arc SWAT in similar type of machine Answer I am using SWAT2009 in windows 7 It is better to use SWAT 2009 and u will be ok 154 Sensitivity analysis Calibration and Uncertainty INPUT DATA Question I have problems with the Sensitivity analysis Calibration and Uncertainty processes The simulation period is between 1991 2005 thus I downloaded data with mean daily values of USGS gages but just data from 1996 2005 is available Then I saved it in a txt file Next I input this data following this path SWAT Simulation Sensitivity Analysis Input tab then I checked the 112 Use observed data and input the USGS value
140. l would not impact the output much If you don t know of any then I guess you have no choice but to throw all of them in Depending on the algorithm you use you might doing the auto calibration once with one seed then again with another seed to see if you get the same results By the way at the Arc SWAT workshop I attended it was recommended that the modeler first calibrate the model based on hydrology only because stream flow is usually know with much more certainty than 132 nitrogen sediment or other constituents This allows you to keep the number of parameters for the auto calibration small Then once you get a good water flow calibration keep the water parameters fixed or allow them to change very little as you add the constituent related parameters 185 Sensitivity error Question During sensitivity analysis after 1st of 440 simulation I received an error as ee What could the reason for this Css e 10 mean Qa SUC Erlina eee B uae a aOR ae a layers BH MontorngPsint lt a other vatues gt ype Unking stream adde eM ided Pi Tame Elesped 542 50 sec Ouder lt all other values gt Dimenson 1280 1024 E LongestPeth Ban Press the Stop Button to stop recerding LandstopekLandsiopes Siope fortes re So eT d _ vane amp F O Aw Z aru A Answer There looks like there is something wrong format odd character
141. lage 8 Harvest only operation Harvest only 9 Kill end of growing season Kill only 10 Grazing operation Grazing 11 Auto irrigation initialization Auto irrigation 12 Auto fertilization initialization Auto fertilizati 13 Street sweeping operation Street sweepir 14 Release impound Release impot 15 Continuous Fertilizaton Cont Fert New O N Dw amp WHY F amp F O e p e e WN Fe Oo Answer You better have another read of the FORTRAN file I haven t looked at it but I very much doubt the case numbers are equal to the management operations More likely the case numbers are somewhere linked to the management operation number Even though SWAP is an open source program I would not straight away assume that the code is wrong You need to check the code very carefully and try and find out what it exactly is doing 248 Soil Moisture Prediction Problem Question I am using Arc SWAT at semiarid mountain basin of Idaho Here precipitation is mainly snow and during winter Dec Mar with Hot dry summers I am getting good results in simulation of stream flow but the when I check the model predicted soil moisture I realized following issues 1 Model predicted soil moisture content was going to zero at the end of the dry summer In this environment soil water storage reaches at its minimum wilting point towards the end of the summer and ET virtually ceases as no water remain available for plants but the soil moisture measurements show
142. ll I do not know really what to do so if you have any advice do not hesitate I have to finish my project in one month E See attach a screenshot of the error message Coy OF3 SWAT2669 Rev 488 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool C Version Program reading from file cio executing orrtl severe 24 gt end of file during read unit 163 file C Documents and Se tings arcvuiew Bureau Projet ArcSWAT_MQ Projet_avec INLET Scenarios Default TxtI Out 66661 6668 wgn mage PC Routine Line Source wat 266 exe GGDBF67A Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 266 exe GDBCDC8 Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 2669 exe 6D11A3A Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 2669 exe 6D16C3B Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 266 exe 66D6D291 Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 2669 exe 661A1B2 _READWGN 146 readwgn f wat200 exe OOC65674 _READSUB 482 readsub f wat200 exe 596E5 _READFIG 163 readfig f wat 2669 exe 004599EF _MAIN__ 84 main f wat 266 exe 6DC46E3 Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 266 exe 66D68767 Unknown Unknown Unknown wat 266 exe 66D6863F Unknown Unknown Unknown erne132 d11 7C817677 Unknown Unknown Unknown BWAT run failed Hit Enter to exit Answer There is a problem with my wgn The run swat is working with the US one I had a problem with a station Lets watch the attached file screenshot of the error message in my inputs writing 3 Swat input Question Does anyone know if SWAT or Arc SWAT outputs information on subbasin conne
143. ly with the same kind of problem that occurs with my local Linux compilation I was able to get rid of this particular one but then the output is not satisfactorily either flow rate is 0 the executable that is distributed with AVSWAT is a swat2005 exe with this one I get successful termination of the computation and physically sound results which is not surprising indeed since the configuration I am using was developed using AVSWAT itself by some one else I am no SWAT specialist just in charge of process automation It really looks like the current swat2005 exe is ahead of the sources that can be downloaded from the website Am I wrong If not can we get the sources that correspond to the swant2005 exe release that s distributed along with AVSWAT If yes is there a simple way around this problem Has somebody succeeded in running an AVSWAT gt swat2005 configuration on Linux Answer There a big mistake in my post the issue is raised when using Arc SWAT and not AVSWAT the configurations of which I was able to run on Linux provided a few adjustments in the Fortran sources regarding I O formats Please replace AVSWAT by Arc SWAT everywhere in my proceeding post 253 PCPSTD Question I calculated PCPSTD program in user wgn dbf by using 2 different programs written for SWAT Both results are different that those from PCPSTATE program releases in SWAT website So My question is that Do I have to in
144. m I have checked the observation data by running the program systematically from observation 1 to the 44th observation with a successful run including SUFI_post From the 45th observation I get the error message Anybody with an idea what is going on Answer Are you using daily data or monthly data for calibration In other words is your time step 1d 2m 3y 1 or 2 in SUFI2_extract_rch def file I have similar problems with the test example is SUFI if I use daily data But monthly data seems to run fine It seems that there might be some bug in SUFI2 code for running calibration with daily data 101 Weather data definition error Question While inputting the weather data it gives me Error in file occurred in Make pcp and a column was specified that does not exist I can see that the temp precipitation and weather generator stations are in the same folder What can be the cause of the error Answer a I didn t get the situation very well But are the files in witch format If in dbf you got to have the column DATE and the other PCP Answer b I was getting the first part of your error Error in file occured in Make pcp although not the second part It sounds like you might have a column heading mislabeled or an extraneous column Make sure you follow the correct setup of your input files the user s guide explains this pretty well Also are you using txt files or dbf files to create your weather
145. mand But I would like to take it a step further and run the Parasol auto calibration the files of which are compiled within swat2005 exe from the DOS command rather than from within Arc SWAT or other GIS software Would I need to modify one or more of the files within the TxtInOut folder first and then simply run swat2005 exe from the DOS command as usual and it would then automatically exercise the Parasol option Any help would be much appreciated Answer Running PARASOL on a different computer than the one I am actively using for SWAT work is a common practice for me since the PARASOL run can take a week or two to run What I do is set up the PARASOL run through the Arc SWAT interface in Arc GIS as usual I start the PARASOL run and hit ctrl c to stop the run I then go into the TxtInOut folder and copy and paste the newly created Autocal folder onto the other computer You also need to get the SWAT2005 exe file from the Arc SWAT program folder and copy paste that into the Autocal folder as well on the other computer Then you just double click on the SWAT2005 exe file on the other computer and the PARASOL program will run just fine 179 Long peak flows Question I am trying to calibrate a watershed in northwestern Minnesota adjacent to the Canadian border in the Red River Valley The watershed is extremely flat large portions less than 0 5 slope almost all less than 1 and the watershed has large areas defined as wetla
146. message I know it should be something about the temperature file but I didn t find anything wrong does anyone has a clue SWAT2009 Rev 481 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool PC Version Program reading from file CIO executing Program reading from file CIO executing forrtl severe 24 end of file during read unit 119 file C SWAT SWATEditor SWATEditor_Example_Students_HSE Scenarios Default TxtInOut tmp1 tmp Image PC Routine Line Source swat2009 exe OODCOOSA Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2009 exe 00D0351A Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2009 exe 00D0271B Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2009 exe 00D10111 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2009 exe 008120C7 _OPENWTH 85 openwth f swat2009 exe 00459A0D _MAIN __ 90 main f swat2009 exe OODC50C3 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2009 exe 00D69147 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2009 exe OOD6901F Unknown Unknown Unknown kernel32 dll 76CC3823 Unknown Unknown Unknown ntdll dll 77D3A9BD Unknown Unknown Unknown SWAT run failed Hit Enter to exit Answer Ensure that you have the same days of temperature as the number of years of simulation that you are running 19 2 Question about swat Question I have some issues in running SWAT The software launch the consol window but fail very quickly I am wondering if it could be a problem with my inputs that would not be read It could be during the precipitations and temperatures writing Could it be a problem with excel I cannot use Access We
147. mulate areas at the field farm scale I would get a hold of Srini to see if you can get APEX last I heard it is being tested at this point In order to simulate erosion from CRP land you need to know what exactly is planted on that CRP field CRP could simply be land that is planted to grasses or it could have several tree rows in which case you could call it a small forest depending on tree type in other words is it deciduous or coniferous You won t find a land use of CRP because CRP does vary from land owner to land owner You will need to identify more precisely what is planted on those CRP fields then assign those plant types for that specific field You could contact the local NRCS FSA field office for the area you are modeling and perhaps they could guide you as to what the most popular plantings are for CRP in that particular watershed or if you have the time and energy you could maybe get them to provide a more detailed distribution but some of that information is protected so there would be some hurdles you would have to navigate to get more precise data You d have to decide if that is worth your time and effort 243 Question on auto calibration not stopping Question I have a question in regards to the auto calibration routine with SWAT I m running an auto calibration with SWAT for my model on 5 parameters I set up the auto calibration following the procedures outlined in the Advanced SWAT training I attended in the spr
148. n it says array bounds exceeded and fails Answer Check the SWAT input files of wind speed solar radiation relative humidity that are created for Arc SWAT Could be that you have an extra decimal in your original data for example and when Arc SWAT builds the input files for SWAT the values do not fit in the spaces that they should be being out of the array You can see the format of this input files in the Input and Output manual 142 How to plot SWAT outputs in Arc GIS Question I am studying the response of hydrology to climate change I want to plot the hydrologic parameters under different climate scenarios like runoff water yield and ET sub basin wise May any one tell me how to plot the SWAT outputs in Arc GIS sub basin wise Answer a VIZSWAT is a great tool for making these types of graphs Answer b You might also want to try SWAT Plot a free open source tool from http www waterbase org 143 The Microsoft Jet OLEDB 4 0 provider is not registered on the local machine Question I m trying to perform some runs modifying some of the SWAT files in Map Window Then in SWAT editor I choose Edit SWAT Input gt Sub basin Data and it crashes with the following code The Microsoft Jet OLEDB 4 0 provider is not registered on the local machine I ve goggled a bit to find the reason but seems confusing and related to 64 bits machines do you have any idea to solve this problem I m running the 32 bit version of
149. n is really a problem The precipitation and temperature gage is a QA QC USHCN amp GHCN site and I double checked the QA flags for the largest reported precipitation events Nevertheless it s looking to me that precipitation is the problem especially since sensitivity analysis wasn t that helpful but am just wondering if someone has another idea in mind I can confirm that the crop yields are correct and that the stream gage data were approved for publication My base flow direct runoff ratio is also in the ballpark The upstream portion of the watershed is a metropolitan city but the rest is entirely rural The upstream portion also contains an aquifer but that s only a small portion of the watershed FLOW_OUTcms obs cms simulated cms obs cms Answer a I think you should employ multiple statistics to evaluate model performance as recommended in Dr Moriasi s paper The N S statistics in your data set is strongly influenced by a single peak in November 1996 Several publications indicate the influence of outliers on N S see McCuen et al 2006 J Hydrol Eng 11 6 597 602 for instance In addition you may want to discuss your statistics with and without this month Answer b The only thing I can think of offhand is to maybe censor your precipitation data so that your maximum daily rainfall amount allowed is something like 75 mm or even 50 mm
150. n it to make sensitivity analysis But when I ran it without changing any input parameter the average monthly basin rain is not the same as the first run result I have not changed the input meteorological data What can be the reason Answer It could be possible because you have 99 9 in your precipitation data for one or more days For these days SWAT uses a weather generator which has some stochastic components associated randomness about it 119 PCP_SWAT Question I have problems with the customization for PCP_SWAT procedures 1 I gota PCPSWAT dII file from Texax A amp M swat workshop 2 I need to customize my toolbars to add a dll command 3 The path that I follow od Tools gt Customize Add from file gt selection of the PCPSWAT DLL FILE 2 I tried it many times and just received a box with a message No object were added during the workshop we did not have any problem with this tools customization Answer First you need to check whether you have administer permission Second get the latest pcp_SWAT at _ http xzhang pbworks com Then you repeat the procedures you have before Please note that pcp_SWAT only work with Arc GIS 9 x on 32 bit system 120 Water Transfer issues in SWAT Question Does anyone have experience on water transferring issues in SWAT I am dealing a catchments where water is transferred from one sub basin to another subbasin using pipe for reservoir hydro power production H
151. nds with rangeland and forest being the other primary land uses My problem lies primarily in my peak flows The USGS gaging station shows peak flows taking about 1 month to return back to base flow levels with snow melt peaks taking 2 months or even longer to return to base flow levels I ve verified through local officials that this is indeed the case My SWAT model has peak flows that return to base flow levels in a week or two I ve tried adding ponds and wetlands to the sub basins hoping to hold the water even going overboard in some cases I have SURLAG and LAT_TIME adjusted trying to extend those peaks I ve tried playing with the groundwater variables but this just results in base flows that are too high Am I maybe missing something in adding my ponds and wetlands I ve changed some of the parameters such as NDTARG but to no avail I m hoping someone has some suggestions experience in working on watershed similar to this I ve worked through other watersheds in this area but none of them were quite as extreme on the duration of peak flows Answer From my reading of the theory and from digging through the code Ponds were coded to be managed in the same way that Reservoirs are managed And Reservoirs with the target release option in SWAT are managed for water supply i e their primary purpose is to hold as much water as possible at all times to assure a water supply for as long as possible The exception are flood mont
152. ne know a way of doing this Answer Check swat website under software there is a phu or potential heat units program 207 Out xx out file save conc Question a small question about the output files created by the option save conc Are the results suppose to be the same than the corresponding subbsain in the output rch For example for the same subbsain Sed_out of the output rch shouldn t be the same than Send of the ouxx out file I compare this two columns with unit conversion that this comparison requires but find some slight differences or even big ones which can go up to 5 Tons Any clue why Which file should I use to study water quality and sediments and nutrients loss in my Watershed Do you know a documents explaining this file a little bit more than the Input Output manual file Answer a Iam modeling a small 500 ha mixed land use watershed in Minnesota and am having a problem where about 100 kg per year of phosphorus that has been transported from the landscape settles in the stream Calculated from the rch file as ORGP_Inkg OrgP_Outkg MinP_Inkg MinP_Outkg This is nearly half of the phosphorus exported from the landscape in low flow years I have the stream water quality inactive and the Algae CBOD Dissolved Oxygen simulation inactive I experimented with the SPCON and SPEXP parameters and they did not alter the settling Has anyone else noticed this and does anyone have any idea which paramete
153. negative 99 0 99 0 should be used for both precipitation and max min temperatures for the model to generate 63 Weather generator Question I would like to ask you if anyone of you has got weather generator that I can use in the Czech republic I am not sure if I can make my own so it would be nice to use some that is already working Is it possible to use one from the Germany Poland or Austria Answer http swatmodel tamu edu check out WGN macro file on the website it helps u to generate the weather data in a SWAT input form 64 How to turn off the In stream function in SWAT I want to compare the subbsain sediment loading with channel deposition so I would like to turn off the In stream function But I do not know how There must be a document or manual talking about this anyone give me a direction Answer To stop all channel erosion set the erodibility factor to zero or the cover factor To stop channel deposition is not quite so easy You can come close by setting the SPCON parameter to as large a value as possible I think To get subbsain loads use the sub or hru output tables Net channel deposition in the watershed would be the difference between the sum of the subbsain loads and the SED_OUT from the reach at the watershed outlet Reservoirs in the system would be included as part of the sediment depositional feathers here If you wanted channels separately from the reservoirs you d have to subtract out the amounts
154. nknown swat 2089 e 6D1226E Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2689 e BB4EA44B READSOL 117 readsol swat 2689 z BA C617EE READSUB 415 readsub swat 2069 8S96ES6 READFIG 163 readf ig swat 2689 B4599EP MAIN 84 main f swat2689 e BDC46E3 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2889 exe 66D68767 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2089 exe 6D6863P Unknown Unknown Unknown kerne132 dll 7C817677 Unknown Unknown Unknown SWAT wun Failed Hit Enter to exit Answer I had same error the solution is that just go to your user soil table surely there are sth wrong with soil table 71 NO3kKgh and ORGNkgh NaN in Urban HRUs Question I have a 374 sq km watershed in East Central Illinois that is 90 row cropped The rest is low density 2 HRUs and medium density 2 HRUs urban areas I have my flows calibrated and validated and I ve moved onto nitrate For the low density HRU s the amount average annual value of N03 kg produces Not a Number in the output std In the reach file there isn t anything displayed for those HRU s and any downstream HRU All other reaches have Nitrate even matching some of my observed data for an unconnected branch Surprisingly the NO3 kg in the reach file displays for the first year of any simulation I run but for the second year there isn t anything displayed The average annual value in the output std would indicate that there s a calculation somewhere that produces NaN in day 1 of year 2 Again the flows look fine I ve tried f
155. nput file in which you define the ranges for each parameter that you want to include in the auto calibration I m guessing that might be where the error is For example if you are including CN2 in the calibration it should probably look something like this r_ CN2 mgt 0 25 0 25 Also make sure your upper and lower limits are within the allowable ranges listed in I think the file is called AbsoluteSWATvalues txt or something like that I m away from my files now so can t easily check this name Also make sure your parameter is actually listed in that file more than likely it is 136 Bare Soil Question I intend to do a simulation in a scenario with no land use with the soil exposed Does anyone have an idea of what parameters should I use Answer Go to edit sub basin inputs then select management then finally check model as Bare Soil 137 PSO in SWAT CUP Question I am using PSO in SWAT CUP but it seems that it does not take into account the boundaries of the parameters Any similar experience Answer I got negative values for some parameters even if the boundaries were all positive using an absolute type of change for all the parameters I guess this is due to the fact that sometimes the computed velocity becomes a relative large negative value and then when the new position is computed by using the equation b in page 96 of the SWAT CUP user manual it becomes negative So I think this may only be solv
156. ns 1 Either prepare your database in txt format and check whether that is running or not 2 Prepare database in Open office org s excel or In visual fox pro hope this will work for you else you can prepare these files in separate system and workout them there Let s see whether it will work or not 235 Source Code Compilation Question I cannot compile SWAT source code and I receive many errors see the file attached for errors The source code I use is the one from SWAT website I d like to ask whether there is any other source code newer and capable of being compiled on the web Or is there anyone how can share his her source code which he she has been able to compile Answer When I tried to compile the source code of SWAT 2005 downloaded from the website 2005 dev_code ZIP I got several compilation errors I overcame these problems in the following way 1 commenting the first line of main 2 creating a new workspace with all the files 3 building swat2005 Then I did some test modifications to the source code and they were reflected in the executable 236 Interpret error message of unsuccessful run Question Trying to figure out what s not working SWAT2005 in a rather simple application DOS error message includes forrtl severe 161 Program exception array bounds exceeded Routine READSOL Line 108 Source readsol f Routine READSUB Line 307 Source readsub f Routine READFIG Line 155 Sou
157. nswer On the SWAT website http www brc tamus edu swat soft_model_2005soft html Not too hard to find 219 About out put hru with arc swat 2 1 4a Question I use arc swat 2 1 4a and everything is ok except the out put hru file It cannot be written correctly only a few items and no results for most of the parameters But in the release note it said that this bug was fixed in 2 1 4a so anyone has the same problem and how to fix that Answer a I have come across this same problem I see that several people have submitted postings regarding this issue but no solutions have ever been offered I am wondering how you were able to fix this My results show only one hru and the data is blank for most fields I would appreciate any suggestions Answer b When you go to Run SWAT and the window Setup and Run SWAT Model Simulation is up look under the Printout Settings part of the window Is Limit HRU Output checked selected Normally I believe it is The HRU file generally speaking is a very large file If you want to see this data you need to uncheck that box Answer c Even if that box isn t checked the out put hru still does not write out properly from 2 1 4a I have a very simple FORTRAN program attached that formats my output hru so I can manually create a database file from it but it would be much better if this bug was fixed 220 Create weather generator Question I am new using SWAT and I have some problem
158. nt and other water quality parameters 139 SWAT_CUP glue_obs dat file Question I m running SWAT CUP using the GLUE approach and am editing the GLUE_OBS dat file prior to initial calibration My watershed contains fifteen sub basins and I m running a monthly analysis and am solely interested in discharge Would I be correct in assuming that the initial data in the Glue_obs dat file is not based on any results from the SWAT simulation and therefore I would replace the file in its entirety I am asking this because the default looks something like this Number gt data 0 5913 1 6 So the value in the number field cannot refer to months or to reaches Additionally I could not locate the values in the data field in the output rch file This leads me to assume that just random data is included in this file However I m asking just to ascertain if others also receive the default Glue_obs dat input I have read the help file in depth but I was unable to locate the answer to my question there All the examples of the obs dat files in the help file have numbers 1 12 which I assume refer to months but include no number exceeding 12 Answer Your assumption is correct to replace all the numbers in the obs dat files The value in the number field refers to days months or years In the examples they go from 1 24 because the data is monthly and the simulation length is 2 years You can copy and paste your data from excel or s
159. o reach normal volume With Reservoirs and Ponds you can set the NDTARG with Wetlands I think it is just set to 10 So without any storage function to the wetlands you wouldn t see any modulation of storm peaks Try making MXVOL much larger than NVOL and see if that changes anything 2 If you need the extra control of setting an NDTARG then use Ponds rather than Wetlands as your modeling tool they are functionally very similar 3 In the standard release of SWAT any infiltration from surface water bodies Ponds Wetland Reservoirs Channels gets trapped in shallow aquifer storage There is a beta version of SWAT that addresses this issue but I don t know how widely available it currently or if it s revised algorithms have been incorporated into the standard version of SWAT In any case if WET_K gt zero you will be losing water from your system when one would think this water should contribute to base flow So beware of such losses as they can significantly alter your water balance I presume this is where your 10 reduction in flow went to Otherwise why would you expect a reduction in flow 241 Lake Representation in AVSWATX Question I seek some help regarding SWAT model I am working on surface water quality and quantity modeling of a long lake approximately 233 km2 which is in the middle of a watershed I would like to request you for a suggestion about how to represent the lake in AVSWATX model I have
160. o to the Files part of this user group and go in there you should find this PDF document swat2005 unc sens calib pdf This is the background documentation that I have been using 245 Mdel crushing Question I am using the model to model a watershed in Kenya and when was running the simulation the model crushed and gave the following error from the file CIO C AVSWATX nyando_test1 scenarios default txtinout gt swat2003 SWAT2003 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool UNIX Version Program reading from file CIO executing forrtl severe 161 Program Exception array bounds exceeded Image PC Routine Line Source swat2003 exe OOSOCE6C READFILE 497 read file f swat2003 exe 004A9365 MAIN 75 main f swat2003 exe 00673CB9 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2003 exe 00656B69 Unknown Unknown Unknown kernel32 d11 7C816D4F Unknown Unknown Unknown C AVSWATX nyando_test1 scenarios default txtinout gt I would appreciate any assist ace give please Answer a I have the similar problem now Microsoft Windows XP Version 5 1 2600 C Copyright 1985 2001 Microsoft Corp C Documents and Settings yu gt cd d d ex scenarios default txtinout D ex Scenarios Default TxtInOut gt swat2005 SWAT2005 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool PC Version Program reading from file cio executing forrtl severe 24 end of file during read unit 10 file D ex Scenarios Defa ult TxtInOut 000140002 met Image PC Routine Line Source swat2005 exe 0067
161. odels to improve our time efficiency Not to spend more time to ONLY make input files without any time remained for result analysis 177 Answer a Unfortunately I do agree with you on this one Indeed we cannot ask too much from a freely available and open source model but the risk is also that spending too much time on silly input format issues the user base will shrink i in privately owned businesses and or ii in developing countries where one cannot spend too much time on Interface Problems as you rightly said because sooner or later time is money This is pity because I do like the Swat approach and general architecture Answer b If you are unfamiliar with Arc SWAT or AVSWAT I suggest you check those out They are programs with easy to follow graphical user interfaces to help you write your input text files These programs takes in your input GIS elevation hydrographic land use etc climate and management data and writes out all your input text files You can then proceed to run SWAT within the Arc SWAT AVSWAT graphical interface or just use swat2003 exe separately with just your text files I am using AVSWAT and it s worked very well for me Answer C What you describe in the last part of your message is exactly what I intended but failed to do as described in the other thread I wished to initialize consistency between executables and sources 2003 2005 see also the snapshot 2003_2005 PNG in the file section
162. of nutrient transport always seem to produce to lots of nutrients especially after snowmelt season in April and May For example simulated nitrate N concentration during these months are about 30 mg l while observed values are less than 5mg l I am using the following parameters and ranges for the model calibration and keeping everything 113 else default CMN bsn 0 0001 0 003 PSP bsn 0 4 ERORGP hru ERORGN hru BC4 swq BC2 swq RS5 swq RCN bsn N_UPDIS bsn P_UPDIS bsn NPERCO bsn PPERCO bsn SOL_NO3 chm SOL_ORGN chm SOL_SOLP chm SOL_ORGP chm I have not used any fertilizer inputs Does anybody have an idea why SWAT is simulating excess nutrients Answer a Are you simulating stream water quality processes 1 e do you have Qual2E turned on If so try turning it off and see if your nutrient values don t drop Answer b I think the denitrification levels are low in your model Check this in your output std Try varying the CDN and SDNCO variables in bsn to set higher Denitrification Be careful that SDNCO even when set to O in the interface is set as 1 10 and CDN when set to O is reset as 1 4 within SWAT code A value SDNCO 1 10 implies that denitrification starts when moisture levels are at 110 of field capacity Try setting SDNCO to 0 6 0 9 and see if that helps 156 Calculation of surface runoff Question I am little confused about the output of the interface There would be three output fil
163. of current tree age to mature tree age take this into account Any insight into biomass accumulation and growth of almost mature trees would help me Answer I am not sure if this helps But apparently I did receive a flowchart of SWAT at some point I will also load this onto the SWAT user site 268 Use to Sub watersheds and streams extracted by some other software Question I have just started to use SWAT and have some difficulties I want to use to Sub watersheds and streams extracted by some other software Initially I used the same DEM for DEM set up and in place of allowing the SWAT to delineate the sub watershed and streams I want to use user defined option for the streams and sub watersheds I have shape files of the streams and sub watersheds developed by some other software If I add them in Arc GIS they match well over the DEM which was used in SWAT But when I used user defined option in SWAT and browsed to the same shape files there is error in SWAT saying the GRIDCODE should be integer type If I add these shape files in Arc GIS and open their attribute table then all the values in the column GRIDCODE are integers What can be the problem and its probable solution Answer The data format for user defined watershed and streams are very strict Please read the documentation and posting on the Arc SWAT user group by others Also there is an example user defined watersheds and streams under exinputs directory of the arc sw
164. of simulations in the Ist iteration It almost took 4 days to complete the iteration My question is that is it this long time that the program is supposed to take to complete 500 simulations I am calibrating only for one USGS station at the upstream part of my watershed so I suspect when I go for multisided calibration with the datas from all the sites being provided in the observed txt it is going to take a long time Is there anyway I can use the Parallel processing feature to reduce the operating time 2 After my Ist iteration the summary stat is like this P_factor 0 82 r_factor 1 02 R square 0 77 NS 0 67 I believe according to the manual p factor should be close to 1 and r factor should be less than 1 How many more iterations should I perform in order to get the calibration done 3 With the new parameter range specified in the last iteration should I update the parameter values for the next iteration in SUFI2 or is there any need to run SWAT again Answer First of all the time it takes to run one simulation depends a lot on the number of HRU s you have Have you tried running one simulation yourself and timed it One easy way to do this is to open your SUFI2 project folder look for swat2009 exe and double click on it 4 days sounds very long for 500 simulations but if your computer takes 2 hours to run 1 simulation because you have many HRU s then it makes sense Also you might want to check file cio to make sure you a
165. of water in shallow aquifer after irrigation Please double check 247 Inequality in Source Code and ARCSWAT Access File Question This is a part of HRUALLO Module which counts number of agricultural operations case 1 plant operation plt plt 1 case 2 irrigation operation ap_i ap_i 1l case 3 fertilizer operation ap_f ap_f 1 case 4 pesticide operation ap_p ap_p 1 if mgtli gt 0 pstflg megtli 1 case 5 harvest kill operation hkll hkll 1 case 6 tillage operation ap_t ap_t 1l case 7 harvest only operation cut cut 1 case 8 kill operation kll kll 1 case 9 grazing operation grz grz 1 case 10 autoirr operation ap_ai ap_ai 1 case 11 autofert operation ap_af ap_af 1 case 12 sweep operation ap_s ap_s 1 case 13 impound release operation ap r apr 1 case 14 continuous fertilization ap_cf ap_cf 1 case 15 continuous cutting ap_cc ap_cc 1 case 16 continuous irrigation ap_ci ap_ci 1 end select and Attached image is mgt type table in ARCSWAT access file as you can see we don t have operation number 16 and also Other numbers are not similar with source code m nm pA Giaccone Records 1 End of year rotation flag 2 Plant begin growing season Plant 3 Irrigation operation Irrigation 4 Fertilizer application Fertilizer 6 Harvest and kill operation Harvest amp Kill 7 Tillage operation Til
166. ogram that actually does all the watershed process calculations The SWAT program really is the same as the swat2009 exe file or the swat2005 exe file depending on which version you re running For it to run it requires a very detailed set of text files giving all the input data subbasin areas HRU areas and characteristics climate data etc This set of input files is very complicated to put together that s what Arc SWAT helps the user do Arc SWAT is an extension to Arc GIS that allows the user to easily enter the spatial data needed by SWAT Arc SWAT will also call up the SWAT program swat2009 exe run the program and help the user extract output from the model Hence Arc SWAT is the interface between the user and SWAT that allows the user to input data run the program and process output Once the input files are created you can run SWAT without using Arc SWAT copy the swat2009 exe file to the TXTINOUT folder and double click and there are good reasons to do this at times But most model runs will still more easily run in Arc SWAT or MWSWAT and in any case you ll need to use one of these interfaces to get started with your data input 151 Auto calibration of sediment Question During the past month I made many attempts at using the auto calibration tool in SWAT to calibrate sediment I performed all of my runs in a project directory outside of the Arc SWAT interface I used SWAT versions ranging from 2003 to
167. oking to confirm that that the range grasses category in SWAT was designed as a generic category for the different grasses in the SWAT crop database Answer For the Manning s N SWAT just assigns almost a lower bound to this as it does with most parameters I would definitely change it based on the type of stream you have I found that this helped my calibration a lot and also it is a more realistic representation of the basin flows Here is a good reference http www fsl orst edu geowater FX3 help 8_Hydraulic_Reference Man ni 41 Bias correction of GCM data for SWAT Question I want to use the GCM MIROC 3_2_hires data to asses impacts of climate change on flow The GCM resolution is at about 1 125 lat lon I want to use the data from the GCM with the available resolution without spatially downscaling it When I compare the 20th century precipitation from MIROC with station observation in my study area MIROC has over estimated the precipitation and I want to make bias correction for the future precipitation from the GCM depending on the 20th century precipitation statistics May any one give me a good reference on bias correction of GCM data Answer There are two related papers one for monthly data The other for daily data hopes helpful V M Ines James W Hansen 2006 correction of daily GCM rainfall for crop simulation studies Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 138 2006 44 53 Andrew W Wood and Edwin P
168. omething else into the SWAT CUP interface So if you have monthly data for 3 years your number field will go from 1 to 36 assuming you have data for january of year 1 and december of year 3 Skip the numbers for which you have no data for example if jan and feb and june are missing from your observations it would and on for the number field with corresponding measurements of course If your restart the number field SWAT CUP interprets that as data for another output see the examples that have maybe 5 variables and the numbers go 1 24 and then 1 24 again for next variable And be sure IPRINT is 0 for monthly output 14 0 ESCO in bsn and hru Question May I ask you a question about the parameter ESCO I found it existing both files of bsn and hru but with different default values 0 95 in bsn and O in hru which value is used when SWAT running in default situation Answer In this case the model will use the value in the bsn and apply it for all HRU s if you want a specific value for each HRU then enter a non zero ESCO value in the HRU files 141 Array bounds exceeded Question In one of my SWAT projects I included wind speed relative humidity and solar radiation data to see their effect as compared to the generated wind speed relative humidity and solar radiation data The run completes successfully without wind speed and solar radiation but when I include wind speed relative humidity and solar radiatio
169. on I have a calibrated a SWAT2005 model for flow and sediment and now I am running some BMPs One of the BMPs is to convert 80 of the agricultural land to grassland Alamo Switch grass All parameters are the same except the crop properties and the CN which is much lower for the grassland Conceptually I would expect to see a decrease in flow and sediment from the watershed outlet with this BMP When I make the grassland conversion I note that their is a decrease in the HRU contributions of flow and sediment which is what I would expect The problem is that in the main reach their is an increased groundwater contribution due to the additional base flow This increase in flow in the main channel albeit small is impacting my sediment load since nearly 60 of my sediment comes from the channel High channel Erodibility so any increases in flow impact increase the sediment load Has anyone else come across this problem or know how to solve it I tried changing some of the Gw parameters for the grassland HRUs as well as changing from Alamo grass to another type of grass While I did see changes in flow they were relative to the original calibration Answer 1 SWAT appears to be functioning correctly i e as designed from your description greater infiltration with switch grass therefore greater recharge and consequent base flow in turn causing greater channel erosion Perhaps this is actually true in the modern system that channel erod
170. on 113 of 270 I choose flow parameters only and I tried the runs with and without observed data but both gives the same error That was for 119 13years simulation period Initially I thought it could be lower and upper bounds or the methods 1 2 3 But it is interesting to notice that when I change my simulation period to 2years with the same settings as above then sensitivity runs will finish successfully One would conclude from this simple experiment that SWAT built in algorithm for sensitivity analysis cannot handle long term simulations This make if difficult for me to figure out what s going wrong simulation 113 changing parameters Executing year Executing year 2 Executing year 3 Executing year 4 Executing year 5 forrtl error 72 floating overflow Image PC Routine Line Source swat2005 exe 0064441A WATQUAL 436 watqual f swat2005 exe 0059A74E ROUTE 156 route f swat2005 exe 0046B2F3 COMMAND 130 command f swat2005 exe OOSDBBOC SIMULATE 191 simulate f swat2005 exe 0057C8E4 RERUN 110 rerun f swat2005 exe 005D4FCE SENSMAIN 58 sensmain f swat2005 exe 00458713 AUTOMET 25 automet f swat2005 exe 004DA2CB MAIN 128 main f swat2005 exe 006DC459 Unknown Unknown Unknown swat2005 exe 006C18F9 Unknown Unknown Unknown kernel32 dll 7C816FE7 Unknown Unknown Unknown Answer My guess would also be upper and lower bounds If it runs into trouble in a specific year for a specific simulation I haven t run the sensitivity analysi
171. on for all the statistics required in this table can be found in Input Output manual Also there is a software on SWAT website called pcpStat that can calculate some of the statistics automatically It is under a link titled SWAT Input preprocessors on the following webpage http swatmodel tamu edu software links to related software 122 Weather Data Definition Locations Tables Question I am attempting to use observed meteorological data in SWAT with a handful of gauges around my basin and I d like to use a custom table to pick those gauges I am having formatting issues however and loading any custom table is not working Even when I select the default SWAT weather generator table Statwgn dbf the error is The table Statwgn does not have correct fields I used this table as the basis for my own custom gauges and it will not load at all I have been following the SWAT input output documentation swat io 2009 but those guidelines are not helping I was wondering if anyone had a 92 workaround or a tried and true method for getting custom gauges to work in SWAT or general help for using observed data with SWAT Answer Is it possible that in opening the original Statwgn dbf to look at it you altered it in some way If it doesn t work then copies based on it won t either of course There are some issues with using Excel and dbf files where you may not always get back what you see Maybe the simplest thing is to obtain a
172. ons I have a new CPU with Windows 7 and it is 64 bit I attempted to install Arc SWAT 2009 but received an error Microsoft Net framework 2 0 could not be installed in a 64 bit operating system Has anyone found a way to fix this Answer right click on the exe file and install as administrator 115 SWAT RUN NOT SUCCESSFUL Question I have got a problem when I try to run SWAT2005 I was successful up to the end of set up swat run but when I proceed with run swat it displays swat run NOT successful When I run the Dos Command the following error detail is displayed Would any one explain how to solve this problem Microsoft Windows Version 6 1 7600 Copyright c 2009 Microsoft Corporation All _ rights reserved C Users vaio gt cd C gt d D gt TxtInOut Txt In Out is not recognized as an internal or external command operable program or batch file D gt cd Txt Out D TxtInOut gt swat2005 SWAT2005 Soil amp Water Assessment Tool PC Version Program reading from file CIO executing forrtl error 73 floating divide by Image PC Routine Line 88 swat2005 exe 0045001F ASCRV 57 ascrv f D TxtInOut gt Answer Did you add a new crop parameter to the database This error is often due to one of the inputs in the plant database is not correct 116 How to deal with error comes during model run Question when I am trying to run swat it shows some error in Txt in out folder 00010001 sep file
173. opographic map create contour map vector From contour map create TIN Convert TIN to raster DEM 45 DEM download Question Do you know which are the potential web site to get the good DEM data The data I got from alabamaview org contains error I am looking for other site as well If you know other site where I can get DEM please let me know I am ready to pay if there are any commercial site Answer You can download DEM data from two sources 1 http srtm csi cgiar org for DEM 90 m 2 http www gdem aster ersdac or jp search jsp for DEM 30m 46 Reservoir vs pond Question I have a dam on the main stem of the main river in my watershed The sole purpose of the dam is to control flooding no irrigation or municipal water is taken from it and there are no organized releases I have attached a picture of it I understand from the SWAT help PDF that main stem structures should be inserted as reservoirs however since there are no releases I am wondering if I should instead call it a pond What are your thoughts If there are sub basins upstream of the dam 1 e if it receives flow from more than just the sub basin it s located in you ll have to model it as a reservoir Reservoirs receive flow from the surrounding sub basin and all upstream sub basins Ponds receive runoff only from the surrounding sub basin You could alter your sub basin configuration delineation so that there are no upstream sub basins
174. ose No I m using the Arc GIS 9 2 with Arc SWAT interface the same version as Nancy sent you the link and I haven t had this problem anymore 108 SWAT Question I am looking for 1SWAT that allows system analysis programs to access SWAT parameters that are distributed over many input I will be happy if someone help me to download it Answer a You should look at SWAT CUP http www eawag ch organisation abteilungen siam software swat inde x EN Answer b You can download 1_SWAT here http www card iastate edu environment interactive_programs aspx 109 Irrigation water Question Does any know that in SWAT 2005 if the irrigation water is allowed to percolate to shallow aquifer Answer yes because the irrigation water is just added to the field water balance 110 NOAA forecasted NCEP data Question Are you aware of the Temperature and precipitation data forecasted by NOAA Can you please let me know how to download those data Answer I can be of some help if you give me just a little more information What area are you looking for possibly a lat lon as well There are a wide variety of products from regional US stochastic forecasts known as the MOS products as well as the National Digital Forecast Database MOS http www weather gov mdl synop products php NDFD http www nws noaa gov ndfd And then there are the global products that many groups provide including NOAA NCEP ECMWF UK Met Off
175. ot overlay the watershed zone the DEM was created in arc info GRID format with geographic co ordinates as same as the land use and soil maps so what could be the reason Answer Check to make sure your spatial data sets are all in the same map projection just using the same datum GCS84 for example isn t enough And just because the images may appear to overlay in Arc View also isn t enough because I think Arc View will display a data set in the same projection as other the other features in your data frame even when a data set has no projection specified 225 SWAT Calibration help needed Question I am a PhD student in Louisiana State University doing research on SOC stock and sequestration potential in Louisiana Identifying Critical Non Point Source Areas of Pollution to Bayou Courtableau I simulated the discharge and compared to the measurements from USGS gauge station as attachments The red lines are the simulation results in attachments The trends of simulation results are very close to the measurements however they are much lower than the measurements especially in those low values Any body can give me some suggestions to this situation Which parameters of SWAT could work for the calibrations Answer a Look at the SWAT website at the SWAT Calibration Techniques file for some pertinent information http www brc tamus edu swat pubs_calibration html Answer b To add on to the document that Nate referre
176. ow make sure you do not have some uncontrolled losses My guess is that something is not quite right with your inputs If your weather inputs and land area inputs are anywhere close to reality SWAT will almost certainly give an uncelebrated water yield within a factor of 2 your factor of 20 indicates something else is wrong besides the model Also just in case when you make a change in an input table when you edit SWAT inputs you must re write those changes into the txtinout folder for them to have any effect 7 Lack of precipitation data Question I want to know How I can minimize the effect caused by the lack of precipitation stations The problem I have is that it considers the rainfall in one day for a very large surface therefore generates very high flows Anyone know of any work that addressed this problem Answer Depends on your study area Is your area in the US and if so have you checked out the National Climatic Data Center s website to locate rainfall stations If that doesn t work or the precipitation data are lacking e g very localized storms that occur in between precipitation stations there is an extension to SWAT called NEXRAD SWAT in which you feed in NEXRAD precipitation data estimates which are interpolated into each subbasin you d have to contact your local river forecast center to obtain the radar estimate files though More information about this product including the technical specifications nece
177. ow to deal this issues in SWAT In MIKE or HEC there are options for water transfer but I don t know how to do in SWAT Does anybody has experience Answer There may be multiple ways of simulating this but here is one idea You could designate a suitable HRU within a receiving subbasin as a pothole Potholes are depress ional areas within a sub watershed in which water can be stored for some time A pothole can receive water from the main stream of any other subbasin using the irrigation operation If you have the necessary measured data then this may be a viable option Note that potholes also receive water from runoff Depending on your study area you could control this by adjusting amount of area that drains into the pothole HRU 121 Weather generator stations Question I m having three stations in my watershed each one for precipitation all weather parameters except solar radiation and solar radiation I ll be using custom database and data collected at these stations will be used for _ calculating statistics Since the stations are separate should my custom database location file not individual location files contain all 3 stations If so for example what values statistical need to be given in the database for a precipitation station which is not recording weather parameters Answer You would need to update the user wgn table in SWAT master database swat2005 mdb or swat2009 mdb in the install folder Descripti
178. p which DEM you are using try to get ASTER DEM its free for 30 m resolution 172 ERROR WRITE ALL Question I am trying to run AVSWAT X in Arc view 3 2 When I came at the stage of WRITE ALL i get stuck with following errors 1 Error in SWAT3_WriteFig at 30729 A n Nil Object does not recognize request 2 Error in SWAT3_Figoptions Dialog call at 239 A n Nil Object does not recognize request clone 3 Error in SWAT1_Write All Input at 2609 A n Nil Object does not recognize request not Answer It often has to do with a wrong edit in one of the databases Did you change any of the entries in the databases Or it might be related to errors in your weather data 173 Monthly data calibration in SWATCUP Question I met a problem when calibrate my swat model with monthly data the simulated result totally different from the observed data But I can 123 do the daily calibration with good results Is there anyone telling why I can not get the monthly calibration by the Swat I am wondering maybe the monthly run need a lot of years data to warm up but not sure any one can help me with this problem Answer I got it the initial run is daily I should use the monthly run for calibration Sorry for the trouble to you guys 174 How to change land use Question I am the beginner using SWAT2000 I m doing my P G I learnt how to run the model My topic is on critical watershed analysis In my area there are eight land use pa
179. programs but it does apply to all users of this computer ad 2029 j Select a language to match the language version of the non Unicode R programs you want to use Decimal symbol No of digits after decimal Short date Digit grouping symbol Code page conversion tables Short date sample 01 20 2009 zj K E E 10000 Mat C 10001 MAC Japanese L 1 10002 MAC Traditional Chinese Big5 Sret oat ai MM Zd Negative number format 4 C 10003 MAC Korean a v 10004 MAC Arabic 10005 MAC Hebrew Long date Long date sample Tuesday 20 January 2009 Digit grouping 123 456 789 Negative sign symbol Date separator v Display leading zeros List separator Measurement system us Default user account settings C Apply all settings to the current user account and to the default user profile Standard digits 0123456789 Long date format dddd dd MMMM yyyy Digit substitution Context E E E E E Answer a There is small difference between my and yours in Regional settings Check here is link to picture http swatuser DOAAAD3aKmJ GayRFLB3cDI4luAOQ7I0wcltlahiHjpwBUYvONZzCkrr SJ4EKfLOkEbYRrGXINv OykrTYJH31VGu2Z5 amp gsc L C3 QtxYAAAAyGs5zS4V1Afug145Q7rUi g kXUSInE09W200GCSVgCQO Answer b If the problem is due to regional settings then this will also persist in Excel too so to solve this problem there are two optio
180. put documentation 245 Model crushing 246 Code Issues 247 Inequality in Source Code and ARCSWAT Access File 248 Soil Moisture Prediction Problem 249 Format observed data file auto calibration 250 The global variable_dic Basisn no longer exists 251 3 Years of Working on SWAT 3 Years of Changing Input Files 252 Consistency between executables and sources 2003 2005 253 PCPSTD 254 SWAT2005 manual 255 Flow In vs Flow Out and Sed_In vs Sed_Out 256 Hourly rainfall data 257 Defining the reservoir in the model 258 Hourly Rainfall Data format in SWAT input file 259 Is this an error in SWAT source code 260 What are FLOWOUT and FLOWIN parameters 261 ARCGIS 9 2 doesn t have NET support while installation 262 Debugging 263 SWAT reservoir modeling nitrate routing 264 Field Scale Modeling by a Large Scale Model 265 2 years of crop rotation 266 Questions on water balance and routing in SWAT 267 Tree growth 268 Use to Sub watersheds and streams extracted by some other software 269 SWAT2005 exe vs SWAT2003 exe 270 Error handling in SWAT 271 Error Number 2147467261 272 Short term simulation 273 Warming up SWAT 274 Using R to write SWAT input 275 Running SWAT without its interface 276 HRUs Map 277 Data structure of SWAT 1 Problem in run swat Question I ve run SWAT successfully a few weeks ago but when I run it today it failed with the following
181. q_2_1991 2 q_2_1991 3 q_2_1991 4 2_1991 5 2_1991 6 2_1991 7 2_1991 8 2_1991 9 q q q q q 1991 10 1991 11 1991 12 q_2_ q_2_ q_2_ q_2_1992 1 q_2_1992 2 q_2_1992 3 q_2_1992 4 q_2_1992 5 q_2_1992 6 q_2_1992 7 q_2_1992 8 q_2_1992 9 q2 q_2_ q2_ 1992 10 1992 11 1992 12 0 096 0 0795 0 302 0 5595 1 209 0 2272 0 279 0 1025 0 4498 2 495 0 2158 0 5395 0 6757 0 7327 0 6976 1 269 3 83 0 8387 0 1601 0 0011 0 6769 0 2186 0 254 0 2531 Should I delete q1 and s1 and only edit q2 and s2 q_l is one outlet q_2 can be another outlet Same with sediment The developers recommend that you calibrate one at a time In other words get your hydrology right before you start calibrating sediment 135 Error in SWAT CUP I am trying to calibrate my simulation with swat cup but at the first of calibration it gives me the error that can not parse the parameter number 1 in the model input file can anyone please help me with this Sufi2_Run Bat NDaTaNMaster Degree Thesis SWAT calibrat ion 6th 12 26 2616 Tamer 12 26 2616 Su fi2 SwatCup gt osufi2_ execute Swat _FEdit Swat Parameters Editor 260 69 gt Version 2 1 2 18496 Can not parse the parameter number 1 properties n the Model Input File gt Can not parse the parameter number 1 properties in the Model Input Toe P File Running Total Time 00 02 05 I haven t used SUFI in a while but I believe that it requires you to write an i
182. r generator if we use our own measured precipitation and temperature series will the weather generator use them to generate the other missing parameters relative humidity solar radiation to maintain some sort of climate coherency or will it only use statistics from the weather generator database If it doesn t then should we used our measured data to generate statistics to replace the statistics in the WG we are looking at a watershed close to Vermont so we used US statistics from the WG Answer The weather generator does not interact with the daily weather files you input other than to kick in when there is a 99 value The weather generator uses average monthly values from selected weather stations to generate missing climate data You can read all about it in the SWAT Theoretical Documentation manual You can look at the stations and the data in Arc SWAT Databases Weather or in the SWAT2009 mdb The first thing the weather generator does is decide if it is raining or not It does so without referencing the PCP files you have provided Creating your own WGN files won t help that The Arc SWAT Documentation has information about creating your own WGN stations The SWAT I O Manual has details on the required data for WGN stations 76 Calibration using SUFI 2 Question Can anyone suggest me about how to rewrite and modify the new parameters in SWAT project as given by the SUFI 2 algorithm Are the parameters automatically updated as
183. ram Error Error Call Stack Sequence CreateOutputFilesDbase LUGridShp vb Line 3158 Error Number 91 Description Object reference not set to an instance of an object Answer I think you should check the soil look up table and user soil in SWAT database Maybe SWAT database lacks some soil types On the other hand I do not know the SWAT version you used SWAT 2005 and SWAT 2009 have some difference 35 Weather station Question during my weather input there are 6 weather station but after writing all weather data rainfall temperature its showing only five station in swat Answer As per my experience SWAT get most closes stations to it sub basins centroids So I guess one of you station should be far from the other stations 36 SWAT CUP daily observed data Question I want to do the calibration on a daily basis calibration period is from 1989 to 1998 so 1 have 3652 observed data the data are prepared as follows no_obs_vars 1 Obj_Fn_Type 1 mult 2 sum 3 r2 4 chi2 5 NS 6 br2 7 Ssqr behavioral_threshold 45 q_l4 var_weight 1 var_Threshold 1 wt_below_threshold wt_above_threshold pent_Error 10 NO_Data 3652 q_14_1989 1 5 660 q_14_1989 2 q_14_1989 3 q_14_1989 4 3645 q_14_1998 358 3 310 3646 q_14_1998 359 5 230 3647 q_14_1998 360 4 750 3648 q_14_1998 361 4 750 3649 q_14_1998 362 4 750 3650 q_14_1998 363 4 590 3651 q_14_1998 364 4 270 3652 q _14_1998 365 4 270 is it wrong format
184. rce readfig f Routine MAIN Line 106 Source main f Can someone interpret the above and point me towards the source of the error Answer a Start with checking your soil files or your soil input The program indicates that for one of the inputs in the soil files the format is wrong or you are missing a value or the soil files have not been Answer b it indicates about soil file probably you ve not inputted the parameters correctly or exceeding them so check your parameters and if you don t have proper parameters then use Soil Water Characteristics Tool By Saxton USDA Agr Research Services 237 ArcSWAT2 1 4 Water Yield Question I just updated from Arc SWAT 2 0 0 to Arc SWAT 2 1 4 Without changing any parameters the water yield for my watershed increased by nearly 30 There don t seem to be any changes mentioned in the release notes that would affect water yield Has anyone else noticed this difference Answer I have noticed small changes in hydrology when making some switches between versions but never 30 I think the changes might be due to parameter naming changes or even min and max values for particular parameters being adjusted Did you alter any of the database tables in SWAT2005 mdb when you were using the previous version Those changes would have been overwritten with the newer version installation Another precaution I have been taking when updating to newer versions is opening and closing all input param
185. rea WYLD equals the flow into the reach from the subbsain If you ve got upstream reaches you ll have to subtract their inputs to see what the subbsain is contributing I m not entirely happy with the way SWAT deals with WATR If you ve got small areas of WATR and just want to ignore them then what SWAT does is reasonable However I ve got large areas of WATR many of my subbsain are 50 or more WATR I will be explicitly adding many of these areas back into the model as reservoirs or ponds which will help generate flow from these areas and as effectively impermeable areas they certainly contribute to flows However it also means that the areas will be contributing flows in two ways once as a reservoir or pond and ALSO at the same area weighted WYLD determined by other HRUs in the subbsain So there s some double counting going on 222 Modeling Phosphorus Question I am modeling P transport into a reservoir located at the outlet of a watershed I have a question regarding the output of SWAT for P Is the parameter Mineral P in the output files refers to soluble or active mineral P I would really appreciate your help Answer SWAT uses the module Qual2E or a newer variant to model nutrient processing by streams My understanding is that traditionally in this model MINERAL PP is interpreted to be the inorganic soluble P SRP or ortho P considered to be the same here And ORGANIC _P is considered be everythin
186. real data which includes your precipitation record You might question whether the precipitation data are representative there are errors in reading from time to time and what s measured at the gauge may not really apply to the rest of the watershed It would be better of course to identify if there is a physically based mechanism that you re missing in your model and or if SWAT has some instability in flow calculations under such conditions Answer C I would check your precipitation dataset I had a situation where I was overestimated some of my storm events however I had the luxury of having 5 precipitation stations within my 250 square mile watershed What I found was that even though a sub watershed used the closest station to it s center the event may not be representative of the whole sub watershed As a result I often had to replace some daily precipitation values from one station with another due to the isolated nature of the storm event While I don t recommend doing this without sufficient evidence to suggest replacing the data it would explain why your model is able to be calibrated with the exception of certain peaks If all your peaks are overestimated and your water budget components match what you conceptualized then possibly look at your ET method may help Several of us have noticed that the newer versions of SWAT2005 produce higher water yields I decided to go back and use an older version of SWAT2005 the October 2008
187. ren t unnecessarily writing output files that you might not really need like soilst out or even columns in the output rch file that you don t really need All this writing takes a good chunk of time and should be avoided unless you really need the information To me an NS value of 0 67 is very good if you are doing this at the daily time step not bad even at the monthly If you ve only run 500 simulations chances are you can still improve it pretty much especially if you are calibrating 13 parameters 80 Different calibration time will get different flow Question The first calibration time are 3 years such as the year of 2004 05 06 and the second calibration time are 2 years 2005 2006 Finally the results of the flow data are different in the year of 2005 and 2006 and often get a big difference I do not know how it happened Answer How long is your warm up period A warm period that s too short that could definitely significantly alter one s flow regime 81 Land use update Question I am trying to use land use update lup dat to urbanize my watershed I make the lup dat file using the Arc SWAT interface and then rewrite the file and then run it SWAT runs successfully but then when I look at my previous runs with no land use update and the run with the land use update the flows are exactly the same and there are no changes at all To test it I urbanized all my forest and agricultural areas in the basin to see i
188. roject raster not define projection 165 Weather stations Question When we input more than 1 rainfall stations in the SWAT weather generator by what process does it calculate the overall rainfall of the watershed I read the manual but couldn t find it Answer The weather generator in SWAT is not for calculating overall rainfall from multiple stations It s used to replace missing weather data Only one station is required for each sub basin and the algorithm for estimating missing data is shown in the SWAT manual 166 How to best compile swat source code files Question The uniqueness of the watershed I am working on led me to make a minor modification to the SWAT source code The modification doesn t add any calculations but when I compile it with the new Intel Visual Fortran Compiler 11 1 it actually takes slightly longer to run on my computer using Win32 architecture 60 seconds instead of 56 seconds I can live with that but I m thinking the new compiler should actually be able to shave off some time Worse still when I compile with the new Fortran 11 1 compiler on a 64 bit desktop it runs MUCH slower on that desktop over 2 minutes though there should be a way 118 I think for it to run faster Run times are important to me because I m doing extensive uncertainty analysis Anyone have any ideas I tried to follow a handout from a SWAT workshop on compiling using Fortran 6 6C but the software has changed
189. roundwater recharge If it is how do I possibly do it What are the data needed Answer Try the gw_rchgm variable in output hru 193 Runoff calibration in AVSWATX Question I am calibrating runoff from watershed of size 900 ha 9 km2 using AVSWATX I am getting values closer to observed values for daily runoff But they are in one day advance of actual runoff can anybody tell me how to delay the runoff by one day in calibration Kindly reply with parameters to be changed and their ranges Answer try the surface runoff lag SURLAG variable in bsn file Also you could vary the manning s coefficient for overland flow OV_N 194 SWAT 2005 input amp output P497 Question In SWAT 2005 input amp output documentation there is a long account from P497 to P529 the end related to Sub watershed Discrimination what s main purpose and function of this part in the document What do we do with it Answer I got your email on the question in regards to the documentation I was using for calibration and wanted to get back to you on that here If you go to the Files part of this user group and go in there you should find this PDF document swat2005 unc sens calib pdf This is the background documentation that I have been using 195 Some Questions Question I have some questions 1 How Can I make an observed txt file in excel Excel only can make Tab Delimited file and when I use this kind of file Sensitivity Analysis
190. rs control this channel phosphorus deposition Answer b I m pretty certain that you re right that SPCON and SPEXP control sediment deposition only which is entirely separate from phosphorus deposition in SWAT they are of course coupled in reality If I recall P deposition in channels in SWAT is controlled principally by a settling or deposition parameter within Qual2e and if Qual2e is turned off then P isn t lost to the channel In the old AVSWAT interface to swat2000 I noticed that the radio buttons to turn on off the stream and lake water quality routines appeared to be reversed but you probably know this and in any case this should ve been fixed in the new Arc SWAT interface It d be worth checking your txt in out input files to make sure Qual2e really is inactivated there s a parameter that serves as a flag in one of the control files Again I suspect you checked this I suppose excessive transmission losses could result in P losses in the channel Seems unlikely I suppose I d check the subbsain output of P to see if it matches the total input to the channels in the Reach file you d have to be careful not to double count what is being passed down channel Simplest would be to look at a few headwater subbsain separately to see how subbsain outputs matched reach inputs and then reach outputs But unless Qual2e is accidentally turned on I don t have an answer The channel should not be depositing phosphorus unless
191. rtable with a model such as Qual 2e that doesn t explicitly include a mineral adsorbed particulate P fraction since this fraction is commonly large in rivers in agricultural regions In addition to other landscape sources of P the subbasin adds chlorophyll to its reach If you don t turn on Qual 2e this chlorophyll remains simply as chlorophyll and doesn t impact the P budget of your model If you turn on Qual 2e it commonly assumes this chlorophyll is from algae and when it decomposes this presumed algae it adds extra phosphorus to the reach based on the assumed P content of algae This is all in addition to the sol_P min_P org _P and gw_P delivered from the subbasin to the reach 147 No More Percolation Question I have already done some successful simulations with Arc Swat 2 1 6 version swat 2005 But a few days ago when I tried to re do some simulations the surface run off just get three times bigger When I got to read the output percolation was not happen anymore So the amount that precipitate or was evaporated or was turned into surface run off I have not done any changes in the parameters It was just one weekend and the results got this way Answer I ve never had exactly that happen but when I tried to subdivide my soil layers so that there was 9 or 10 and kept all parameters otherwise the same percolation became nearly 0 I found I needed to keep the soil layers to no more than 8 148 Question about sufi2
192. s txt in the Observed data file name Finally after follow the instructions I clicked Run Sensitivity Analysis button and I got the following message Unhanded exception has occurred in a component in your application If you click Continue the application will ignore this error and attempt to continue The system cannot find the file specified This are the format of the file mean gage data that I input USGS agency_cd site_no date time 04_00060_00003 04_00060_00003_cd 5s 15s 16d 14n 10s USGS 02492360 1996 08 27 85 USGS 02492360 1996 08 28 55 USGS 02492360 1996 08 29 60 USGS 02492360 1996 08 30 58 USGS 02492360 1996 08 31 56 USGS 02492360 1996 09 01 45 USGS 02492360 1996 09 02 43 USGS T U U U a a g USGS 02492360 2005 12 29 69 USGS 02492360 2005 12 30 63 USGS 02492360 2005 12 31 58 Answer I don t think your observed data input file is in the right format If you are doing daily readings for flow copy the format in the file observations9394 txt located in the files section of this Google group More information about the format of the input file can be found on pg 31 of the document swat2005 unc sens calib pdf also located in the files section of this group 155 Nutrient transport calibration Question I am using SWAT to simulate Nitrate and Phosphorus transport in a snowmelt driven catchments in Canada I first calibrated daily catchments runoff which was reasonable But monthly calibration
193. s for a while is there any output to tell you what the value was that it chose for your parameters What is happening in year 5 Is that a different year to the other years Rainfall ET wise Or water quality wise You can run 2 years can you run 5 years Try adjusting the upper and lower bounds to a narrow range and see if it runs for 13 years 169 Writing input files Question I am modeling out side US I tried to correct my data bases and input files but still I can t escape from _ those errors is there any limitation on number of years I should consider since I have about 21 years of meteorological records tmp pcp wnd hmd with many missing values Answer I think that swat do not accept missing values Maybe you can use your data to generate monthly means I think missing data must be set to 99 9 In manual you can find how to set up your input data files 170 Overestimating runoff for some rainfall events Question I m using Arc SWAT to simulate stream flow in Cheney Lake Watershed located in South Central Kansas I m trying to calibrate SWAT model for stream flow using USGS stream flow gagging station I ve adjusted runoff and base flow parameters and my daily Nash Sutcliffe coeff is 0 34 monthly is 0 56 and yearly is 0 80 For some rainfall events SWAT overestimated runoff peaks by a factor of 4 or 5 and even more for some events I ve decreased CN2 and SOL_AWC and ESCO parameters to decrease the simul
194. s that there is always a minimum moisture level in soil logical also at wilting point So my question is that why model is predicting zero soil water storage at the end of the season 2 I have also compared the absolute change in observed and predicted soil water storage since the beginning of water year by comparing the point measurements at multiple depths with the HRUs in which these points are located and again results are OK and model was simulating seasonal pattern in soil water storage reasonably well So can someone tell me why soil moisture content is reaching zero and how I can fix it so that it wont go below a certain level wilting point Answer Wilting point soil moisture is concern to the plant uptake Plant will not be able to extract water beyond that limit But Soil moisture content will keep going down by the end of hot dry summer as evaporation continue from the soil surface soil becomes more dry and dry Soil evaporation compensation factor ESCO responsible for extracting water from lower soil layers for satisfying evaporating demand for plant uptake 249 Format observed data file auto calibration Question I urgently need to see an example of how to format observed data file to enable me use the auto calibration process of Arc SWAT How can I go about preparing this file I have only just run the SWAT model Answer Look at swat unc sens file available in arc swat group 250 The global variable_dic
195. s daily PCP and TMP from 4 stations and I just write the default files and then run the model Is there any parameter important and must be revised in writing file step after run the model without calibration more than 50 of subbsain flow in and flow out in output rch are zero the average month data is about13 cms but the simulating data is only Icms Is it normal I used AVSWAT before in al arge basin before and I also did the same thing but the result is normal no zero data maybe because the daily flow is about 700 cms anyone knows is there something wrong with my project or it is normal just did the calibration thing If something wrong any clues about how to deal with it Answer What unit is your precipitation in You should be in millimeters If you are in inches that could be giving you too little rainfall I guess checking the precipitation file is where I would start checking first Even without calibration I would think you d get more flow than that 216 no subject Question I am a post graduate student and I am using AVSWAT 2000 model for my thesis work I have reached upto simulation stage without errors During model run I obtained an error message which is Can t convert string to number Number Null 0101 If anybody knows the solution for this problem please help me Answer Formats of some of your dbase files may be faulty You can prepare the files first in excel Format the cells as per the instructions
196. s to keep in mind however First since you are putting the reservoir near the outflow be sure you use the reservoir outflow when determining the outflow of the watershed rather than the reach outflow for the sub basin nearest the watershed outlet SWAT models the reservoirs after the sub basin in which they are located such that outflow of the upstream sub basin where reservoir is located drains into the reservoir which in turn drains into inflow of downstream sub basin or out of the watershed Second if the reservoir is managed with inflow similar to outflow such that there is not much water level fluctuation I would suggest using target release option rather than monthly outflow data because you are forcing the model to use a nonrealistic average condition for each month Then you don t have to worry about the format of the input file 258 Hourly Rainfall Data format in SWAT input file Question I have followed the example case very well and was able to simulate that one successfully But my requirement is that I have to use HOURLY precipitation data Would anyone of you please tell me what is the format of the HOURLY precipitation rainfall data I searched the I O user document as well but could not find this format Any help will be highly appreciated I want to look into the hourly discharge in the streams in my watershed Also is it possible to use other weather parameters as SIMULATED one as given by the interface Answer Check
197. sistent with the theoretical document if rmn 1 lt 0 rmn1 rmn1 1 From SWAT2005 code it seems that you are right Let s wait for others with deeper understanding on this point to clarify it 260 What are FLOWOUT and FLOWIN parameters Question In order to calculate flow values in downstream stations we must add and route upstream sources all together But in SWAT we have 2 parameters in output rch named FLOWIN and FLOWOUT These parameters are unknown for me Again in the file fig fig we can add different sources reservoir reaches point sources toward the watershed outlet In SWAT we have to specify a column for calibration which is the column of FLOWOUT in output rch So My question is this Do I have to subtract upstream water flows generated from upstream sources from flow values of my monitoring stations measured flow values to calibrate flow in SWAT or I should use only measured values without any change or subtraction I don t think FLOWOUT is equal to measured flow values Answer FLOWOUT is the simulated flow at the outlet of each sub basin And it should be equal to the measured flow values 261 My ARCGIS 9 2 doesn t have NET support while installation Question Why my arc GIS 9 2 doesn t have NET support when I want to install it Is it the reason I get the error The Upgrade patch cannot be installed while installing Service Pack 2 or 4 Answer I don t know if it is the reason I get th
198. skip the output Then it would be sufficient as a warm up It might mean the model does not need much of a warm up Answer a Right NSKIP refers to the warm up period at the beginning of the run The model is running for the full time you specify in the model set up dialog box but the output is summarized only for the years after NSKIP A few years maybe 1 2 is safer I tend to use 5 is probably sufficient to get the system hydrology to warm up I don t know how the scale of your watershed and climate affect this perhaps larger and drier watersheds need longer warm up periods My experience is with a 700 km2 watershed with annual rainfall about 800mm For water quality be aware that some model parameters I m thinking of soil phosphorus for example could take considerably longer to equilibrate perhaps decades In this case a few years of model warm up are technically not sufficient not at least for your model to reach a quasi steady state condition a stationary condition without directional change However you may never notice the effect if the parameter changes so slowly that the changes in output are small over the time period of the model run I d think this would be a publishable idea and not too time consuming to explore if any of you out there want to tackle it OK a small publication for a limited audience but I d like to see it done Answer b Well this is a good question and makes me realize that I
199. so it can not represent actual storm events But if you are studying annualized data simulated weather might be OK Simulated data in the dry season has less impact that in the wet season 3 Most people say that the most important inputs are precipitation and temperature Also be aware that the weather generator data built into SWAT will only work in the United States If you are outside of that area you must create your own database of weather generator locations and data as detailed in the SWAT2005 i o documentation The quality of the generated weather depends on the quality of the monthly averages used by the weather generator 181 Fertilizer application Question I have some questions about fertilizer application inputs Hope someone could give me some suggestions The simulation period is 52years and I am trying to model lake water quality change for the past 50yrs So I want to input fertilizer application which was increasing from 1951 to 2002 I noticed the Edit Management Parameters gt Operations but what does the Year 1 mean The start year Should I set it as Year 1989 or sth elso like it Answer In the Operations Year 1 refers to the first year of the SWAT run You can add additional years as you wish Say you want to rotate 3 years worth of crops You would add Year 2 and Year 3 and then for each of those years you would have to put in planting tillage fertilizer and harvest or harvest kill If you have
200. so much since then Answer From my limited understanding attempts at compiling with the Intel compiler with lots of trial and error here are a few of my conclusions 1 the release set of compiler options results in very fast code and hydrology seemed OK but sediment and maybe other water quality variables were corrupted in some of the output files floating point overflow errors The Reach output was corrupt but I think the HRU and Sub output might be OK 2 the full debug set of compiler options produced very big and slow code 3 the run time option to check array and string bounds seems to be the critical factor that makes the code big and slow Try turning this off 4 the library option for debug multithreaded seems to be the critical factor in avoiding the overflow errors I noted above So if I m just running for hydrology I use an executable created with the release compiler options If I m looking at sediment and nutrients I recompile starting with the release version but then add step 4 above 167 Simulation forecast period Question I m going to simulate forecast period Would you please guide me to create cst file 1 Please send an example cst file 2 How can inter this file to the model Answer You can find an example of CST CST file in the group attached files 168 SWAT sensitivity bug error Question Following the user MANUAL my sensitivity run gives an error see below at simulati
201. ssary to run it and how you can download it http xzhang pbworks com w page 27189956 FrontPage can be located at don t know about areas outside the US though there is a global historical climatology network ht How long is your warm up period A warm period that s too short that could definitely significantly alter one s flow regime tp www ncdc noaa gov ghcnm 8 Error in volume reservoir Question I have a problem in the reservoir The volume are less than the Volume of principal spillway 1000000m3 and is always 141400 m3 The Flow In is similar to Flow Out I have an error when start run error 74 floating underflow I don t find the problem Answer Reservoir volumes are given in ha m in SWAT if I recall You are giving values in m 3 if that makes a difference If you re getting an underflow error you probably can t trust the results of the run You ll need to figure out what is causing the problem Find out which module the first f file in the output in the DOS window the error is occurring in and then you might be able to figure out if some of your input data are incorrect 9 SWAT MODEL CALIBRATION Question I have done sensitivity analysis and found the most sensitive parameters as cn2 curve number Sol_awc and esco in that order However after changing several times the cn2 the simulated flow remain constant or did not change in order to raise the flow to match the observed flow Can somebody advise
202. t dat PESTDB name of pesticide database file fert dat FERTDB name of fertilizer database file urban dat URBANDB name of urban database file Mine slr slr SLRFILE name of solar radiation file hmd hmd RHFILE name of relative humidity file wnd wnd WNDFILE name of wind speed file cst cst FCSTFILE name of forecast data file Watershed Modeling Options basins bsn BSNFILE name of basin input file Database Files crop dat PLANTDB name of plant growth database file till dat TILLDB name of tillage database file pest dat PESTDB name of pesticide database file fert dat FERTDB name of fertilizer database file urban dat URBANDB name of urban database file 33 Daily precipitation generated by WXGEN Question I have a question concerning the replacement of daily missing data by the weather generator included in SWAT I would like to evaluate the performance of the weather generator to fill the daily missing data in precipitation times series Is it possible to have access to daily precipitation generated in SWAT in files output for each station by sub basin Which is the name of the file exactly Answer Run the model on daily basis and look at the output sub file There is a output variable column titled PRECIPmm 34 Soil data error Question I want to add soil data into the model I selected the Name radio button But when load a look up table there is an error dialog box as follows Unexpected Prog
203. t to edit the management parameters mgt On the operations tab you can schedule multiple plantings and harvests within one year 202 SWAT2005 as multi core program Question My computer is quard core processor One of weakness of SWAT for auto calibration is to take long time I found out just 25 of my cpu was occupied by SWAT running because SWAT is single core program I want to save my time to auto calibrate SWAT model by using 100 of my quad core CPU To this SWAT should be multi core program Is there anyone who compile SWAT supporting mult core processor Answer atit is not as easy as compiling on a multi core machine someone has to write a MPI version of SWAT for it Answer b Oddly enough It would not be too hard to make parallel within the subbsain routine which loops over all the HRUs There is some accounting that takes place at the end that would need to be performed after the loop which means some of the local variables would need to be made global and made into hur based arrays On a humorous note I have thrown in the parallel option and performed a benchmark between the parallel version and non parallel for the intel compilers on OSX and Linux The parallel version now burns all the systems resources and takes a few more seconds real time to run than the non parallel version e Parallel Version real 0m35 406s user 0m56 901s sys 0m3 933s Non parallel version real 0m32 558s user 0m28 122s sys O0m2 951s
204. ta in Arc swat 163 Initial conditions 164 Change of projection 165 Weather stations 166 How to best compile swat source code files 167 Simulation forecast period 168 SWAT sensitivity bug error 169 Writing input files 170 Overestimating runoff for some rainfall events 171 SWAT use for irrigation command 172 ERROR WRITE ALL 173 Monthly data calibration in SWATCUP 174 How to change land use 175 Future simulation via SWAT 176 Land Cover 177 Fertilizer application inputs 178 Running Parasol of swat2005 exe from dos command 179 Long peak flows 180 Missing value 99 181 Fertilizer application 182 Unable to get seepage contribution to shallow aquifer 183 PARASOL and SUNGLASSES 184 Calibration parameters different than sensitivity parameters 185 Sensitivity error 186 About calibration and sensitivity analysis 187 SWAT CALIBRATION 188 Changing the Land Use File in SWAT 189 Conversion to Grassland Land use BMP 190 Overestimation of runoff peaks in AVSWATX 191 US weather data 192 SWAT for Groundwater recharge quantification 193 Runoff calibration in AVSWATX 194 SWAT 2005 input amp output P497 195 Some Questions 196 Changed to address of the project 197 Using multiple rainfall gages 198 Climate change 199 How to determine runoff of whole watershed 200 NCDC data 201 Implementing multiple growing seasons into SWAT 202 SWAT2005 as multi core
205. tation and temperature You can download these from my SWAT related website www smm org scwrs tapwaters Go down to the SWAT Tips section and click on the Climate data processor link to download the Excel files example data and instructions The code itself has lots of comments which might be valuable should you want to see how it works and if you need to fix something I won t say the scripts are elegant or easy to use I don t know much about VBA programming The scripts do attempt to identify and fill time gaps in the data with missing values SWAT will choke unless all the temporal gaps are filled And you can have it fill in missing data with values from another selected nearby station though it does this one station at a time and depends on you to pick the station I also had it point out values that were potentially anomalous but you have to decide what to do with these manually 201 Implementing multiple growing seasons into SWAT Question I m using SWAT to model Jamaica and I m wondering if anyone knows of a way to incorporate multiple growing seasons into one year It s warm all year round and so we are always growing something however the default SWAT settings only allow for one growing season per year Any insight at all into this would be highly appreciated Answer I m using Arc Swat so the particulars of my instructions may be somewhat different in Swat Editor Under edit subbsain inputs you wan
206. the following error Invalid dataset User watershed data field GRIDCODE must be of interger type Would anyone please explain why this error is there and what can be the probable solution Answer Refer to page 14 15 on Arc SWAT User Guide It explains the required attributes for user defined watersheds and streams You have to prepare the watershed attribute tables exactly the same way 271 Error Number 2147467261 Question At the end of watershed delineation the below messages be appear Would you please give me to sole this error Error Number 2147467251 Error message Attempted to read or write protected memory That other memory is corrupt Answer Check whether the access databases created by Arc SWAT did not exceed 2GB if it did compress em using Arc Catalog 272 Short term simulation Question Has anyone used SWAT for short term simulation such as close to event based simulation just a few days Answer I haven t tried exactly that but have looked at things like that For a very short simulation you can probably adjust Swat s many parameters to get an almost perfect fit But then if you leave the parameters at those same values for some other event the result will probably not be nearly as good 273 Warming up SWAT Question I am not sure I probably should have a look at SWAT again been busy with other research for the last year or so Check what NSKIP exactly does do you just
207. tion and Ecan is the evaporation of the free water on the canopy To calculate the sublimation and evaporation of the soil the equations depend on E o value too So here is my question If using the SCS method for calculating Runoff the amount of water intercepted by the canopy is already present implicitly what value will be used for the Ecan so that the SWAT can get the value for the E o Or the value for the Ecan will be calculated regardless of the Runoff calculation method chosen Answer Here s what I think in the CN method canopy interception is implicitly included in the Ia term but is not explicitly specified Regardless of the runoff calc method chosen The Ecan is a function of the parameter CANMX daily precipitation LAI and PET Ea is calculated at HRU level The final watershed or sub basin Ea is the weighted sum of HRU Ea where the weight is fraction of watershed or sub basin area in HRU 228 SWAT based on grid cells Question I am interested in using SWAT with remote sensed data Although SWAT was not designed for running with a discrimination scheme based on grid cells I would like to ask the SWAT user community if anyone has personally had experience with setting SWAT up in this fashion or has specific references or publications on this topic Answer SWAT has been used with raster data as you describe The there are a couple of issues with this approach including computational efficiency I
208. to reservoir surface Question I am currently modeling a very large watershed with huge reservoirs whose volume varies considerably through the year My problem is that I need that the subbsain surface changes according to the reservoir surface to avoid double counting of the precipitation and evaporation I looked at the source code but it is still unclear if SWAT does it already or not Can you help me in this matter Answer Since this is a large reservoir I assume in your land use this area would be explicitly identified as a water HRU If it is a water HRU SWAT assumes a water HRU always contains water and does only PET calculation and does not even account for rainfall runoff or other hydrologic processes Only the active water spread area based on the actual volume and shape factors is used to catch the rainfall extent and used for water balance calculation So double accounting does not happen in the calculation within the model In fact because of change in surface area the model would slightly under predict the surface runoff generated from the local catchments because the water HRU does not contribute to any runoff 62 Missing precipitation Question I have a question about the precipitation input data if I have missing data I have to put 99 or is the same if I put 999 Because when I m implementing temperature data with missing data 999 swat changes data temperature with 99 but not for precipitation Answer A
209. trick is to pay very good attention to the manual in terms of whether the input files are FORTRAN formatted or just FREE 276 HRUs Map Question I am trying to get a map of the HRUs Does any of the SWAT version have this tool Answer Yes In arc swat you can get hru maps 277 Data structure of SWAT Question Would anyone please let me know if the data structure used in SWAT is a part of interface or the code which is available on the website I am particularly interested in the data structure pertaining to the connection of sub basins and the river streams I mean which number sub basin is connected to which number stream node How to display those files which show the connection between the sub basins and the stream nodes Answer a The heart of any SWAT model is the swat2005 engine which is the Fortran program that reads text files as input and writes text files as output These files are all in the TXTINOUT folder if you ve got a working example to look at Technically you don t need the interface to create the input text files but getting these text files in just the correct format can be difficult without the GIS interface I strongly recommend the use of the interface it has had years of usage and revision to iron out most of the wrinkles Furthermore it has moved beyond just a way to get the input data files written which is a critical function and it is now a very important analysis tool So if at all possible
210. ts instead of actual hydrologic dynamics during the calibration period Then when you try the validation period your model efficiency will probably drop dramatically I don t know what the rule of thumb would be to prevent over parameterization At the daily time scale would it be 20 days for each parameter to me that doesn t seem strict enough especially for arid or semi arid basins How about 5 peaks in the observed discharge for each parameter That seems more reasonable to me but I can t claim to have tested this I don t know of any rule of thumb 2 Change in precipitation If the precipitation record for the calibration period is a lot different from that of the validation period then your model efficiency might also drop I think the model developers recommend at least three years of calibration data but more years include both wet years and dry years There are other possibilities such as changes in Management practices 43 Maximum number of outlets Question Is there a maximum number of outlet points that can be used in the model Answer It will be 99999 outlets 44 Aster GDEM Question I downloaded Aster GDEM data 30m from http www gdem aster ersdac or jp search jsp already but I do not know how to create DEM map in ArcGIS 9 3 Could you tell me the way to do that as soon as possible Answer In ArcGIS 9 3 you can create DEM map by using 3D analyst tool The process includes 3 steps From t
211. tterns Now I want to change some of the land use from forest to wasteland How can I change it I read the manual but I didn t get it Answer a Well I m not sure this is the right way but in case you get no other response One way might be to go into the TxtInOut folder For each hru for which you want to change the land use open the hru file and manually change it You might also have to change it in the sol and mgt files but I m not sure You might have to experiment a bit If you have a lot of hru s to do this to it can be a pain but I don t have any other ideas Answer b SWAT2009 the latest version lets you do land use change The new version can be downloaded from the SWAT website 175 Future simulation via SWAT Question I want to do the future simulation on SWAT I have made the CST cst file as per the details given in the SWAT manual But after executing the SWAT model at the SWAT output my output for the future section is showing 0 1 e rainfall GW SW etc all are showing 0 value Why is this happening Answer Do u mean the data in STD file if so yah you are right but u can get the data from other files like wout sub rch 176 Land Cover Question I have a dub about the land cover Before defining the HRU we introduce a land cover information by means a GIS map But is this information used in the modeling process If you do not modify the management files the program consider No Crop Growing in all he H
212. ttle messy from a SWAT user point of view Data earlier than about 1948 are not included not a problem for most of you but those of us interested in century long impacts of climate and land use change will need to dig a little deeper The data also tend to be in a compressed UNIX format Z which can be uncompressed with a free utility like 7zip but not the standard Windows XP un zipping tool Each month s data is given on a single line with daily values occupying 28 31 columns to the right and you ll need to transpose the data for SWAT to be able to use it Also there are missing values and gaps in time that you ll need to identify and fill All in all processing NCDC data for SWAT takes some effort For a few stations you can do it all by hand in Excel Otherwise Srini and Zhang have some tools available I m not sure if they re posted on the SWAT site or whether you need to take their advanced data processing workshop I ve written some VBA scripts for Excel that worked fine for me but I wrote them so I could de bug them as necessary along the way These scripts are available on my web site http www smm org scwrs tapwaters Scroll down to the SWAT Tips Tricks etc section and click on the Climate data processor link I ve included instructions and example data sets for using the scripts 192 SWAT for Groundwater recharge quantification Question I m on a quest to finding if it is possible for SWAT to quantify g
213. u could probably get a very high model efficiency for the calibration period because so many parameters with so few data points means that some of the parameters are likely adjusted to account for random effects instead of actual hydrologic dynamics during the calibration period Then when you try the validation period your model efficiency will probably drop dramatically I don t know what the rule of thumb would be to prevent over parameterization At the daily time scale would it be 20 days for each parameter to me that doesn t seem strict enough especially for arid or semi arid basins How about 5 peaks in the observed discharge for each parameter That seems more reasonable to me but I can t claim to have tested this I don t know of any rule of thumb 2 Change in precipitation If the precipitation record for the calibration period is a lot different from that of the validation period then your model efficiency might also drop I think the model developers recommend at least three years of calibration data but more years include both wet years and dry years There are other possibilities such as changes in management practices 83 Simulated weather data for SWAT Question I want to model SWAT for future time So simulated weather data in the future which I can use for this simulation I can download from where Answer a you can use the climate change scenarios from GCMs published by IPCC 2007 or the
214. ual location files contain all 3 stations If so for example what values statistical need to be given in the 93 database for a precipitation station which is not recording weather parameters Answer You would need to update the user wgn table in SWAT master database swat2005 mdb or swat2009 mdb in the install folder Description for all the statistics required in this table can be found in Input Output manual Also there is a software on SWAT website called pcpStat that can calculate some of the statistics automatically It is under a link titled SWAT Input preprocessors on the following webpage http swatmodel tamu edu software links to related software 125 Weather Data Definition Locations Tables Question I am attempting to use observed meteorological data in SWAT with a handful of gauges around my basin and I d like to use a custom table to pick those gauges I am having formatting issues however and loading any custom table is not working Even when I select the default SWAT weather generator table Statwgn dbf the error is The table Statwgn does not have correct fields I used this table as the basis for my own custom gauges and it will not load at all I have been following the SWAT input output documentation swat io 2009 but those guidelines are not helping I was wondering if anyone had a workaround or a tried and true method for getting custom gauges to work in SWAT or general help for using observed
215. ually delete those outlets Anyway I d re delineate with enough resolution to get Arc SWAT to create channels as far upstream as you need add an outlet at the dam and delete the outlets above that point that you don t want 131 Pond budget in the output file out put std Question The out put std file gives the overall water balance at the basin level in mm I would like to know the pond reservoir water budgets are averages over the whole basin area or just for the pond area For example the basin area is 7000 km2 pond area is 2000 km2 and the pond evaporation as given in the output file is 300 mm If the water balance is at the basin level then evaporation over the pond will be 7000 2000 300 1050 mm or is it just 300 mm Answer I believe the value in the output std is the total value So your 300mm represents the total evaporation from all ponds within your simulated watershed If anyone has discovered something different 132 Map Window SWAT Question Is there any person who knows how we can enter WND HMD and SLR files in MWSWAT Because I found that it just read PCP and TMP files and i couldn t find any way to enter these files Answer Using files for weather including wnd hmd and slr files is described in section 8 3 1 2 of the MWSWAT setup document that you can download from http www waterbase org 133 Weather Stations Question I have successfully imported daily precipitation and max min temperatur
216. uges wgn_US is only suitable if your area is in the USA When you get the message SWAT run failed there will have been a command window showing what happened Getting to step 3 without any errors being displayed means just that no errors were detected If for example global_landuse was not suitable for your land use map but happens to contain all the values just integers found in it no error will be reported but your input data will be useless 38 MWSWAT watershed delineation Question I am recreating my SWAT model in MWSWAT and have stumbled on the first step For some reason I cannot draw a new mask If I use the current view extents than I can do the delineation but I cannot draw my own mask It would be silly if I have to get back to ARCGIS to create a mask shape file to use in MWSWAT Any clues Iam running windows XP MWSWAT 4 8 and have watershed delineation plunging and the MWSWAT plug in installed Is there a plug in that I am missing Answer I don t understand what you mean by cannot draw a new mask I just tried it with the latest version of Map Window and I could do it this is a version due for release soon If you are using version 4 8 1 the current release candidate then you should go back to 4 7 5 the last stable release in the Map Window website select Downloads gt Plugins amp Tools and look for previous release candidates Watershed delineation in 4 8 1 1s known to have some problems
217. uld I refer to and in that which column Actually I referred to bsb file and in that WYLD is it correct I am getting a huge error when compared with observed flow I feel its because of ET value Evapotranspiration loss is very less could it be altered Answer You can find surface runoff results in the following output files 1 sbs file renamed to hru in SWAT2005 column of SURO hru based surface runoff 2 bsb file renamed to sub column of SURO summarized on sub basin basis rch is for results of in stream variables e g stream flow sediment nutrients loadings WYLD is total water yield from landscape usually surface runoff sub surface runoffs for Evapotranspiration SWAT accepts reference ET as weather input 107 SWAT project problem Question I am facing problem at startup of project Before I had the same problem with SWATX Now I am facing it with SWAT 2000 As soon as I open a project it will terminate after the show up of main interface I uninstalled and reinstalled both arc GIS 3 2 and the SWAT interface It s still the same Is it a problem with windows or SWAT program Answer Are you using the Arc View 3 2 with AVSWAT2000 interface I had the same problem when I used this version I could solved doing this as soon as you open your Project save it and before you close the Project change the Window for Watershed View and save it the program will ask you if you want to save it again cho
218. ve built a project in SWAT2000 on the following address C avs2000 aharchay I have copied database and the project files and I want to execute the model on another computer on the this address D avs2000 aharchay Which files should be changed to address the new path for the all files of the project Answer I ve been using SWAT2005 but I m guessing it s probably the same process You ll need to go into your project s mdb file and open your Master Progress table When you have this table open you ll need to update the Work Dir and Swat GDB columns with the correct address 197 Using multiple rainfall gages Question I would like to use three precipitation gauges for my SWAT precip file however there is not 100 overlap between the files My main rainfall file covers 1940 present but one starts in 1962 If I fill in the earlier values with 99 my assumption is that the values will be generated randomly and will not be correlated to rainfall elsewhere in the watershed is this true Or is SWAT smart enough to use the existing data in lieu of modeled data Of course I could duplicate the period in question manually but I m not sure what s the most appropriate way to proceed Answer From what I understand you are correct regarding your assumption about the missing data being generated randomly It you be wise to manually fill in the data with the nearest station Precipitation inputs have a large uncertainty associated with t
219. ve just made some assumptions that I haven t fully checked out 1 For hydrology I think it depends on where SWAT initializes the various hydrologic pools Do soil moisture and shallow aquifer storage start out at zero or some estimated value I ve never really looked As a user I haven t explicitly set such values though perhaps there s an option I ve missed But unless you can set all these values to known amounts or SWAT does a very good job of estimating initial values based on soil properties for example then I d think a warm up period would be useful if not necessary In any case hydrologic warm up doesn t take much time a year or two may be plenty Again this may vary with watershed size land cover and annual precipitation And if you ve only got a few years of monitoring data couldn t you still run the data for a few years in advance of the monitoring period Even if you don t have climate data for that warm up period you could just duplicate a few years of climate data as representative values and apply it to the warm up period you re not going to use the output from that period anyway It d be useful to pick a single year of climate data and duplicate it for 10 20 years then run the model and see when how many years is takes annual runoff reached a pseudo steady state 2 Soil chemistry is perhaps a slightly different animal If you know your soil chemistry and nutrient application rates then I think
220. vmm cnv irrigation water volume subtract irrigation from shallow or deep aquifer If ipotG lt gt j Then vol aird j cnv End If Select Case irrsc j Case 3 shallow aquifer source For k 1 To nhru If hru_sub k irrno j Then cnv 0 vmma 0 cnv hru_ha k 10 If vmms gt 0 01 Then vmma vol shallst k cnv vmms vmma vmma cnv shallst k shallst k vmma If shallst k lt 0 Then vmma vmma shallst k shallst k 0 End If shallirr k shallirr k vmma End If Next Case 4 deep aquifer source For k 1 To nhru If hru_sub k irrno j Then cnv 0 vmma 0 cnv hru_ha k 10 If vmmd gt 0 01 Then vmma vol deepst k cnv vmmd vmma vmma cnv deepst k deepst k vmma If deepst k lt 0 Then vmma vmma deepst k deepst k 0 End If deepirr k deepirr k vmma End If Next End Select As you can see in the line vmma is the amount of water which is held in the source here shallow aquifer after irrigation But shallst k cnv vmms 1 vmms is source water storage before irrigation and vmma is storage after irrigation So We miss have such a code vmma shallst k vol cnv Am I right Answer From my view there is no problem with the code The variable VMMA in the line you marked is the irrigation water applied instead of what you mention above And SHALLST k is the amount
221. what is daily observed data format Answer For me it looks about right Although 10 years are a bit much for daily calibration I figured out that Swat Cup does not care about what you have inside the second column q_14_1989 1 Just about th number of the observed day column 1 and the value itself column 3 Keep in mind not to put in observed data for your warm up period NYSkip 37 Weather sources in MWSWAT Question I have run the Arc SWAT 2000 for my watershed and find out runoff Now I want to use MWSWAT for the same watershed and want to compare the results in Arc swat and MWSWAT In MWSWAT i gave my dem mask land use and soil map which I used in Arc swat In mwswat I cleared step 1 In step 2 I gave my own land use map and soil map which I used in Arc swat with UTM Projection and in land use table and soil table I give global_landuse and global_ soil It created 7 HRUs In step 3 I give in database weather sources and in table I give wgn_US and run the model then the message appears swat run failed If I am able to go to step 3 does it mean that there is no mistake in input files upto step 2 Answer Your message raises a number of questions Are you sure the global_landuse and global soil mappings are correct for your land use and soil maps Do you not have any weather data Just using weather sources which the documentation advises you not to use will give an empty collection of weather ga
222. with the weather generation Maybe seem very simple for some but I have a data of 20 year and I do not how to integrate to the model I created the dbf tables as it is mention in the user manual but I do not know where to put all my information Answer a You should import the dbf file into the swat2005 mdb database file Use it to replace the user wgn table in the database The swat2005 mdb file is in your swat installation file You can go to the database file then you will find it Answer c I have attached a complete set of weather data input files Bosch_weather_example zip for your reference As you can see you need to have both station location files for each parameter temp wind precip etc and a series of station data files for each parameter Follow the formatting I have very closely and be sure file names are similar to what I have used as well The reason the solar radiation station data files are dbf files rather than txt is that the data came from a different source and it was easier to do it that way You can see thus that the station data files can be in either txt or dbf formats I think these example files as well as a reading of the 3 pertinent manuals Arc SWAT interface Input Output and Theoretical doc should answer all of your questions 221 PCP falling on the water surface Question If an HRU e g channel is defined as water surface WATR would you please let me know how the precipitation falling
223. x this issue I am attaching the file with this mail observ txt Answer There is an excel file on this forum It can generate the observation file automatically 160 precipitation and writing the table Question I have 10 rainfall stations in my watershed I want to change the precipitation value at each station and run many times for different value of precipitation Is it possible to change the precipitation and run the model without writing all tables Can we simply change the precipitation file and run the simulation Answer From my experience I believe that if you change values only in the pcpl pcp file and you execute from DOS you ll be OK I m not sure what happens if you try from within Arc SWAT or other interface 161 Alfalfa reference ET in SWAT2009 Question We have found that the calculated alfalfa reference ET in SWAT 2009 is 18 less than that calculated by SWAT 2005 Does anyone know the reason for this Answer I cannot speak specifically about alfalfa but I did find that the annual ET between SWAT2005 and SWAT2009 decreased by nearly 10 Until the source code is released as well as the theoretical documentation for SWAT2009 it will be difficult to identify the reasoning behind it could be changes in subsurface water routing allowing for more infiltration as that is where I saw the biggest jump in the annual water budget between the two versions 162 How to use SRTM data in Arc swat Question
224. y So I suspect that there are some problems with my observed data files I know there were a lot of discussions on observed data format before I actually used those discussion as my guide to create observed data files but they just didn t work I attached the files that I used here would someone please have a look my files and help me with them As you can see I tried bother dat and prn format but neither worked About the format I followed 1X5i 3x 21 3x 1X11F 3 For the parameters chosen for output I selected average load for all of them I chose flow as the only parameter for comparison between observed and simulated values Answer Try doing 5 col 1 5 col 2 14 3 col 3 In col 1 you enter the year in col 2 the month and in col 3 the observed data 57 Extract daily flow from daily output table Question I am spending too much time on the extraction of daily flow from the daily output table First I have to open output std in excel then delete all the information but the daily water yield mm by hand It is such a pain Answer Yes there is a far easier way to doit SWAT Simulation gt Read SWAT output then check the checkboxes click on import files to database 54 then on open swat output mdb If you are using an earlier version of SWAT just go to my computer or computer or windows explorer or whatever it s called on your system navigate to your project directory0 gt scenarios
225. y be used to draw conclusions or recommend watershed management practices 12 Integration of Irrigation data into SWAT Question could any help me with any documentation about how to integrate irrigation data into SWAT modeling Answer Irrigation is applied to soil as infiltration You may want to refer to Chapter MGT in the input output document 13 Pond evaporation Question I want to simulate the hydrologic cycle between several ponds Could anyone tell me the evaporation method swat used on pond Answer Pond Wetland and Reservoir evaporation rates are all set at 0 6 PET PET depends on which method you choose Penman Montieth Priestly Taylor or Hargreaves You can alter the 0 6 coefficient pndevcoeff and wetevcoeff in the pnd table evrsv in res table if you want If you look at the tables and the values are zero that really means default and the code will use 0 6 14 Is calibration possible on these observed peaks Question After performing some manual calibration I am experiencing great difficulty matching the observed peaks in the attached image My watershed is in a semiarid region that experiences convective flash floods After the NCDC rainfall stations proved unusable because of the convection I used nexrad radar data for precipitation Yet a portion of my watershed is situated in a radar dead zone which is leading me to conclude that the radar may have underestimated precipitation for some o
226. you activate Qual2e and have a positive settling rate and a non negligible phosphorus content per algal body Please if others spot something I ve missed let us know 208 What is the system requirements of Arc SWAT 2 1 4a Question I have read the web of SWAT model it tell me that the system requirements of Software Arc SWAT 1 0 for Arc GIS 9 1 version is Microsoft Windows XP or Windows 2000 operating system with most recent kernel patch but I want to know the system requirements of Arc SWAT 2 1 4a with Arc GIs 9 2 Does it support windows2003 server or other Could you tell me the system requirements of the future edition of Arc SWAT Answer I ll paste this directly from the Readme file from Arc SWAT 2 1 4a In order to install Arc SWAT for Arc GIS 9 2 you MUST have 1 Microsoft Windows XP or Windows 2000 2 Arc GIS 9 2 with SP6 build 1500 3 Arc GIS Spatial Analyst 9 2 4 Arc GIS Dot Net support usually found in C ProgramFiles ArcGIS Dot Net 5 Microsoft Net Framework 2 0 6 Adobe Acrobat Reader Version 8 or higher Acrobat Reader may be downloaded for free from http www adobe com products acrobat readstep2 html 209 Rainfall Data format in SWAT Question I had a problem during the Weather Data Definition input data into SWAT software For instance I cant upload those data rainfall data temperature data relative humidity data solar radiation data and wind speed data into SWAT software Th

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