"user manual"
Contents
1. Name DSCP Binary Value AF11 001010 10 AF12 001100 12 AF13 001110 14 AF21 010010 18 AF22 010100 20 AF23 010110 22 AF31 011010 26 AF32 011100 28 AF33 011110 30 AF41 100010 34 AF42 100100 36 AF43 100110 38 CS1 001000 8 CS2 010000 16 CS3 011000 24 CS4 100000 32 CS5 101000 40 CS6 110000 48 CS7 111000 56 Default 000000 0 EF 101110 46 Table A 5 Frame Loss Possibility According to AF Classification for DSCP Field 3 Category 1 Category 2 Category Category 4 low AF11 AF21 AF31 AF41 medium AF12 AF22 AF32 AF42 high AF13 AF23 AF33 AF43 49 Table A 6 Throughput re calculation as to Layer 2 T Of a pure channel for different frame length Connection Speed M Mbps Frame Length 10 100 1000 64 7 6190 76 190 761 90 128 8 6486 86 486 864 86 256 9 2754 92 754 927 54 512 9 6241 96 241 962 41 1024 9 8084 98 084 980 84 1280 9 8462 98 462 984 62 1518 9 8700 98 700 987 00 Table A 7 Conformance of MDI and MDI X signals to contacts Contact MDI MDI X 1 BI DA BI DB 2 BI DA BI DB 3 BI DB BI DA 4 BI DC BI DD 5 BI DC BI DD 6 BI DB BI DA Bl_DD 8 BI DD BI DC2. LED status Description L1 is on First physical layer loopback is activated L2 is on Second data link layer loopback is activated L3 is on Third networking layer loopback is activated L4 is on Fourth transport layer loopback is activated L1 is flashing First physical layer loopback is selected L2 is flashing Second data link layer loopback is selected L3 is flashing Third networking layer loopback is selected L4 is flashing Fourth transport layer loopback is selected LEDs 10 100 1000 indicate current or selected rate of connection speed Description of modes is set out in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 Modes of Connection Speed LEDs s and thair Description eaning 10 is on Synchronized at the speed of 10 MBps 100 is on Synchronized at the speed of 100 MBps 1000 is on Synchronized at the speed of 1000 MBps Connection speed of 10 MBps selected not synchronized yet 10 and 100 are Connection speed of 10 MBps or 100 MBps flashing selected not synchronized yet 10 100 and 1000 Connection speed of 10 MBps or 100 MBps or are flashing 1000 MBps selected not synchronized yet LINK LED indicates connection status It is on when synchronization and connection at physical layer are OK FDX LED indicates connection mode Description of modes is set out in Table 3 3 NI Table 3 3 Modes of Connection Status LEDs LEDs and their Meaning Descri
3. LOS amount of seconds without line synchronization LSS ratio of time with no test pattern synchronization to elapsed time LOS ratio of time with no line synchronization to elapsed time 9 3 12 OAM OAM protocol functions allow MAKS EMB Tool display information on remote point supported modes and also activate loopback mode at a remote point Test Settings area contains the following fields OAM mode OAM mode selection for this port may be as follows Active port can respond OAM commands of remote devices it regularly sends OAM discovery commands and it can activate Layer 1 loopback mode at a remote device Passive port can only respond remote devices OAM commands Disabled function is disabled Result area displays remote point operation modes and settings and it contains the following fields MAC address MAC address of the discovered remote device Vendor remote device unique identifier Remote LB activation of loopback mode by a remote device OAM mode remote device OAM mode See description above Unidirectional remote device unidirectional connection Linkev notifications of remote device connection errors 35 If the remote device supports loopback activation function the user will be able to activate or deactivate loopback by means of On and Off keys Note It is important to deactivate OAM function at test traffic generation port or switch it to Passive mode befo
4. Packet Network Loopback Tool amp Traffic Analyzer MAKS EMB User Manual Combined with Data Sheet Contents List of Abbreviations Purpose Scope of Supply Tool Structure Marking Packaging General Operation Safety Precautions Preparation for Work Operation Procedure 9 1 Connection Variants 9 2 Manual Operation 9 3 Remote Control 9 3 1 Serial Connection 9 3 2 Ethernet Connection 9 3 3 Working with Remote Control Software 9 3 4 RFC 2544 Test Tab 9 3 5 Multistream Test Tab 9 3 6 Cable Test Tab 9 3 7 Loopback Tab 9 3 8 TCP IP Tab 9 3 10 Jitter test Tab 9 3 11 BERT Tab 9 3 12 OAM 9 3 13 Interface settings Tab 9 3 14 Statistics Tab 9 3 15 File Transfer Tab 9 4 Tool Options 9 5 Software Upgrade 10 Maintenance 11 Transportation and Storage 12 Product Details Manufacturer s Warranty Acceptance Certificate Packing Certificate Reclamation Appendix A OONODORAOND Packet Network Loopback Tool amp Traffic Analyzer MAKS EMB User Manual is meant to make the user familiar with the tool characteristics and service instructions to operate it correctly and effectively In the present Manual the following abbreviations and designations are used Table 1 1 ARP Address Resolution Protocol Back to back Limit Load test CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checksum DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS Domain Name System DUT Device Under Test Frame Loss Rate Frame Loss Rate te
5. 468212 005 TY with serial number was manufactured and accepted in accordance with state standards exclusive requirements and operative technical documentation and itis recognized ready for service Chief Quality Inspector personal signature print full name dd mm yyyy Chief Engineer personal signature print full name Stamp here SS ees dd mm yyyy 45 Packing Certificate MAKS EMBK analyzer MBCE 468212 005 TY with serial number was packed according to the requirements stipulated by the operative technical documentation function of undersigned personal signature print full name dd mm yyyy 46 Reclamation Companies or institutions operating the tester claim reclamation for the equipment according to the established rules Reclamation data should be tabulated see the table below Defect Operation detection time before defect the Tool after detection reclamation 47 Appendix A Table A 1 ToS Byte Bit Name P2 P1 PO T3 T2 T1 TO CUO Table A 2 Precedence Field Value Precedence Name 0 Routine Precedence Immediate Flash Flash Override CRITIC ECP Internet Work Control nm Network Control Table A 3 DSCP byte Bit Names DS5 DS4 DS3 DS2 DS1 DSO ECN ECN 48 Table A 4 Values of DSCP Field DSCP Decimal Value
6. MAKS EMB is a portable tool designed for operation within the following conditions environment temperature 5 C 40 C relative air humidity up to 90 at the temperature of 25 C atmospheric pressure 450 Mmhg 60 kPa min and 795 Mmhg 106 kPa max The Tool is powered from AC mains 220 44 if a power unit is used MAKS EMB is meant for continuous operation during 24 hours 2 Scope of Supply Table 2 1 Name Quantity Note MAKS EMB Tool Power unit 2 USB cable ii Duplex patch cord Duplex optic patch cord Fiber optic SFP module Carrier bag Software CD 2 User Manual combined with Data Sheet It is possible to use items of other types providing the same characteristics of the tool Are supplied at customer s request 3 Tool Structure 3 1 Figure 3 1 shows front panel of the Tool where LED indicators and keypad are located MAKC EMB Figure 3 1 Front Panel 3 1 1 LED Indicators LED indicators hereinafter called LEDs indicate certain settings of the Tool and provide visual control of activated functions and data transmission reception processes MAKS EMB Tool has nine LEDs LEDs Description L1 L2 L3 and L4 LEDs show Loopback mode layer one to four accordingly Description of modes is set out in Table 3 1 Table 3 1 Description of LEDs in Loopback Mode
7. and saving test results USB and LAN ports are designed for remote control of the Tool 9 3 1 Serial Connection USB port see Figure 3 2 is used for remote control of the MAKS EMB Tool To organize an interface between the Tool and PC you should install the driver package for virtual CP210x VCP Win2K XP S2K3 exe COM port emulation When the driver is installed connect the Tool to PC my means of a USB cable New COM port will appear on Device Manager 9 3 2 Ethernet Connection Remote control via Ethernet Ethernet connection is one of the Tool s options 05 RC To manage the Tool connect its LAN connector to the network using a patch cord see Figure 3 2 Configure the second Ethernet interface used for remote management by means of Remote Control Software Interface Settings and then select the required port Note When the Tool is remotely controlled via Ethernet Screenshot function is disabled 9 3 3 Working with Remote Control Software Start EMKRemote exe program Dialogue box of the program is illustrated in Figure 9 3 The program is common for MAKS EMK and MAKS EMB but it can manage only one Tester Tool at a time 19 D MACEM Remote Settings About Serial Connection Ethernet Connection Port A zal Port COM3 Disconnect 2 168 000 202 Connect Device MAKC EMB Serial 00012 CPU 0 3 9
8. are looped back inversely It is possible to activate algorithm of source and destination IP address swapping at loopback When network layer loopback is activated settings of the above mentioned swapping and shifting algorithms for data link layer are also effective To activate physical data link networking or transport layer loopback press loopback layer selection key L of the L1 L2 L3 and L4 group Select the required loopback layer or deactivate loopback by pressing L key LED indicating the selected mode will flash for three seconds to show the current choice Refer to Table 3 1 When loopback is activated the number of the flashing LED will correspond to the selected loopback layer If loopback is deactivated all LEDs will be off When second layer loopback is activated frame fields of source and destination MAC address will swap automatically When third layer loopback is activated not only source and destination 18 MAC address but also source and destination IP address frame fields will swap automatically When fourth layer loopback is activated not only source and destination MAC and IP addresses but also source and destination TCP UDP ports will swap automatically Additional parameters of different layer loopback can be configured via Remote Control Software Refer to Paragraph 9 3 3 9 3 Remote Control Remote control of MAKS EMBK allows configuring Tool parameters setting and launching tests as well as viewing
9. functions of MAKS EMB Tool will be available after purchase of the corresponding options MAKS EMB Tool can operate in either its basic Loopback modification or in its extended optional Analyzer modification To activate Analyzer option you should get activation key which is unique for each existing MAKS EMB Tool Enter Settings menu and then Activate Options in Remote Control software and a dialog box shown in Figure 9 4 will pop up Enter your activation key and press OK 38 Enter Key Figure 9 4 Options activation via Remote Control software If the activation was successful buttons responsible for test modes in Remote Management Software will be unblocked List of the existent Tool options is presented in Table 9 4 Table 9 4 Option Name Description 05 A The Tool includes the following tests and functions RFC2544 Test Cable Diagnostics TCP IP Tests Traffic Test BER Test File Transmission 05 RC Remote Management via Ethernet 05 PDV Packet Jitter Measurement 05 MPLS Settings of MPLS packet fields 05 MS Multistream 9 5 Software Upgrade It is necessary to install a driver package for virtual CP210x VCP Win2K XP S2K3 exe COM port emulation before the first software upgrade When the driver is installed connect the Tool to PC via USB cable New COM port will appear on Device Manager For correct operation port number should be less than 10 In contrary case set the port num
10. to fault measurement and cable plugs fault type definition Cable quality test is run without in line synchronization and that is why Link LED extinguishes during this test Each twisted pair TP of RJ 45 connector 1 2 3 6 4 5 and 7 8 is tested separately Cable quality test results displayed in Status field may be as follows good the cable is OK and is connected to the line fault test not passed open twisted pair is open short short circuit of the pair fair fair satisfactory 28 Length m distance to SC or breakage or to impulse reflection point when Status field displays fair If SC or line breakdown happens distance to failure will be determined by means of reflectometric technique with the accuracy of 1 m In other cases cable length is measured with the accuracy of up to 10 m Channel MDI or MDI X channel see Table A 7 Appendix A Polarity TP polarity It can take on the following values positive or negative Latency ns selected TP skew delay due to length difference of separate pairs It shows differential delay of the specified TP with reference to the shortest TP Measuring inaccuracy is 8 ns Note if during remote point test burst mode of the line was enabled 100 Mbps with no self matching and the line was not automatically desynchronized Note the TP is not short circuited or broken but the reflected signal ampl
11. FPGA 2 0 93 Tx 0 000 bps Release 1 4 Rx 0 000 bps Tests Loopback Port A Loopbacklevel Level 2 settings B b off Replace MAC Source 00 00 00 00 00 00 Level 1 c Destination 00 00 00 00 00 00 Level 2 i Replace VLAN ID 1 Level 3 __ Replace priority 0 Level 4 i Level 3 settings Replace IP Source 000 000 000 000 E Destination 000 000 000 000 Traffic test Replace ToS E Replace DSCP Jitter test ToS 0000 default 000000 Precedence 0 v i BERT Cpo Ain M E gt VJ Interface settings Statistics i E 88 ueve t Qrevel2 Queveis Otevers EL Figure 9 3 Serial Connection Select number of the virtual COM port connected to Tool interface in Port drop out list and press Connect button To manage the Tool via Ethernet port enter IP address of the second MAKS EMB Ethernet interface into the IP input field of Ethernet Connection section and press Connect button Management of the Tool via Ethernet is analogous to its management via USB If connection is successful the connected device info indicating its type will appear in the status bar Also CPU and FPGA firmware versions values and Tool serial number will be displayed Press Disconnect button if disconnection is required for example to upgrade the Tool software or connect another device 20
12. Measuring port status is displayed in Port A upper status group Status messages update automatically one time per second The group comprises four LEDs Test Rx Tx and Link from left to right LEDs show different status information depending on Tool s operation mode Each LED has a caption Test LEDs show port engagement in test fulfillment Test LED captions may be as follows BERT port is busy with BER test traffic reception or transmission port is busy with cable test signals transmission and reception DNS port is busy with DNS test packets transmission and reception JIT port is busy with Packet Jitter test traffic transmission or reception LB1 Layer 1 Loopback mode is on LB2 Layer 2 Loopback mode is LB3 Layer 3 Loopback mode is on LB4 Layer 4 Loopback mode is on MS port is busy with Multistream test traffic transmission and reception OAM OAM mode is activated PING port is busy with Ping test traffic transmission and reception port is busy RFC 2544 test traffic reception or transmission TRT port is busy with Traceroute test packets transmission and reception TRAF port is busy with traffic test data transmission or reception Rx LED indicates data reception status Green Rx LED reports that the port is busy with traffic reception Tx LED indicates data transmission process Yellow highlighti
13. Note Packets that arrived out of turn do not come into account So if it happens total distribution value may be less than 100 9 3 11 BERT Tab The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 BER test represents Layer 1 test allowing checking the channel for bit errors Bit Error Rate BER is equal to a ratio of received erroneous bits to the total bits received BER test is not suitable for testing of network sections containing Layer 2 and Layer 3 network equipment because it may cause packet loss When a looped up network section is tested it is necessary to activate Layer 1 loopback at the remote point 34 The following fields are displayed in Test Settings area Pattern type pattern type selection user pattern specified in User Pattern field PRBS 2 1 25 1 2 1 27 1 27 1 2 1 User Pattern 32 bits of user pattern Frame size frame size in bytes Rate units selection of units in which traffic generation rate will be displayed Rate traffic generation rate Duration test duration The following fields are displayed in Measuring area Elapsed time time from the beginning of BER test Estimate time time until the end of BER test Rx bits amount of received bits Rx ebits amount of received erroneous bits BER ratio of received erroneous bits to total bits received LSS amount of seconds without pattern synchronization
14. SFP modules supplied with the Tool and other modules can be used Please make sure that the receiver transmitter and the connector support the same physical interfaces before inserting the SFP module Do not forget to lock the SFP module latch When inserting the SFP module make sure that its label is facing the Tool s front panel When the module is installed it will be securely fixed in the connector using the module s locking latch If the module has been installed properly you will hear a click Caution If it is not easy to install the SFP module for the first time please do not exert extra force on it to avoid connector damage Before an SFP module is securely fixed the corresponding LED already indicates its availability Please make sure that the module has been installed correctly Please use a rubber cap to protect a temporarily unused SFP module from contamination Before removing an SFP module from the connector disconnect fiber optical plugs by pressing their latches and carefully take the cable out of the receiver transmitter After that unlock the SFP module latch and pull it to remove the module from the connector Correct storage of SFP modules you should use antistatic boxes or packages and protect fiber optical connectors with rubber caps 10 3 2 Component Specifications 3 2 1 Power Unit Power unit serves to supply the MAKS EMB Tool from AC mains It represents a static power supply unit with built in short cir
15. Status current test status IP received host IP address Status field during DNS test may be as follows OK test was OK and DNS request was responded n progress DNS request was made test is awaiting response Timeout error at test launching wrong domain name etc test has not been launched 9 3 9 Traffic Test Tab The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 A 9 3 9 1 Traffic Test Description Traffic test is the simplest of all MAKS EMB tests It is used to check transmitting capability of a channel Traffic is generated and frame loss is analyzed within the set time according to the selected load and frame size The following fields are displayed on test status menu Elapsed time time from the beginning of traffic test Estimate time time until the end of traffic test Load load value of the generated stream Tx frames transmitted frames amount Rx frames received frames amount Tx bytes received bytes amount Loss frames amount of lost bytes equal to the difference between the amount of transmitted frames and the amount of received frames lt is displayed in Amount column Frame loss ratio is displayed in Ratio column Note even if frame loss is not detected loss rate may be equal to a non 32 zero value It can be explained by channel latency and sender receiver buffer latency Runt amount of received fram
16. Tx amount of received test frames exceeds the amount of transmitted test frames If critical errors occur the current test will be discontinued and the following test will be launched Frame length b this field indicates test packet size at each test Load 96 the field shows measured throughput rate in percentage of maximum channel rate if the test has been successful During test run the field shows current load Throughput bps this field if the test has been successful displays throughput value in Mbps or Kbps equal to information rate During the test the field shows current load value Maximum throughput value is calculated by the following formula V V where X J T S P SFD IFG V information rate 1 V connection speed 1000 Mbps 100 Mbps 10 Mbps 5 frame size P preamble 7 bits SFD start frame delimiter 1 bit IFG interframe gap 12 bits Measuring Latency Load 9e the field displays tested load value expressed as a percentage 26 Latency ns the field shows measured average latency value if the test was successful During the test current measured latency value is displayed in this field Measuring Frame loss Load this field displays tested load values in 9e To view the required column you should press Load field keys then select the needed column containing load data Frame loss value for the selec
17. ame loss is not detected at any stage load will not decrease to the level of final load value Test settings Back to back Enabled marking of this field allows running Back to back test Iteration amount of trials of each specified frame size in Back to back test Min interval s minimum time interval of one trial in seconds from the selection determined by the Amount parameter for which Back to back test was successful It is calculated for each frame size Max interval s maximum time interval of one trial in seconds from the 25 selection determined by the Amount parameter for which Back to back test was successful It is calculated for each frame size Measuring Throughput During test fulfillment table fields are filled automatically in accordance with measurement results The table contains the following fields Status the field displays current test status It may take the following forms passed Wait test has not started yet Runnin test is running at the moment Stop test was discontinued Off test for this frame size is disabled Error Throughput test failed because of frame loss at minimum load Back to back test failed because of the losses during the minimum time slot NS noline synchronization during the test No Tx no test traffic transmission No Rx no test traffic reception Rx
18. asured parameters are displayed sent frames amount received frames amount lost frames amount average latency in ms minimum latency in ms maximum latency in ms 9 3 8 2 Traceroute Tab The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 Traceroute test determines frame route in TCP IP networks Information on all intermediate routers a frame passes through on its way to the end node is shown in the table formed during test run Test result is presented in tabular form The table shows intermediate node data The first table column indicates intermediate node number The second column indicates intermediate node IP address If wait time is over the line will display timeout message The third column indicates node response delay The table is navigated using the turn page keys below it Note Many network nodes block ability to respond to ICMP frames In such cases timeout message is displayed Traceroute Test Settings IP destination IP address of end node Wait time intermediate network node response time 31 9 3 8 3 DNS Tab The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 DNS Domain Name System stands for a distributed system providing information on domains This function allows getting host IP address by its domain name DNS Test Settings Host name according to this host name DNS request will be made
19. ber manually To upgrade Tool Software you should 1 Switch the Tool on by pressing L key of L1 L2 L3 and L4 group all LEDs but FDX will light up 2 Start emup exe program from the software CD 3 Select the required COM port in Port area 4 Press Connect button Port Open message and current software versions will appear in Status window 5 press Overview button and select the emup formatted file for downloading 39 6 Press Record button 7 You will be informed of successful software upgrade by Software Upgrade Finished message Switch the Tool on Caution Erroneous actions during embedded software upgrade may result in partial unserviceability of the Tool The damaged MAKS EMB Tool can be repaired in authorized service centre only 40 10 Maintenance 10 1 Maintenance of the Tool comes down to periodic visual inspection of its power unit and cables and is aimed at keeping them clean and operable 41 11 Transportation and Storage 11 1 Tool packed in its standard container can be transported by road in house railroad cars in leak proof aircraft and ship holds at air temperature of 25 55 C and relative air humidity of 95 96 Please observe shipping and load fastening rules during transportation on the corresponding mode of transport 11 2 It is possible to transport the Tool by road class roads to distances up to 1 000 km at a speed of 60 kmh max class 11 t
20. cuit and overload protection Input AC voltage 100 240 V 50 60 Hz Output DC voltage 12 V current up to 1 5 A constant Power unit soldered connections are arranged according to Figure 3 3 C ee General Figure 3 3 Soldered connections of power unit jack plug 11 4 Marking 4 1 The Tool has the following marks name of the manufacturer equipment conditional name month and year of manufacture equipment serial number as per manufacturer s numbering system 4 2 Marking of consumer packaging includes trademark of manufacturing plant name and plant denomination of the equipment packing date transportation and storage temperature information 4 3 Shipping data must include consigner and consignee names cargo package gross and net weight Fragile freight Keep dry and This side up handling instructions 12 5 Packaging 5 1 MAKS EMB tester its accessories kit and in line documentation are placed into a bag and then packed into a cardboard box according to the corresponding construction documentation Necessity of packing the Tool into an additional box is specified in the delivery contract Pack the equipment in a room with relative humidity of 80 max and at a temperature of 15 C 35 C 13 6 General Operation 6 1 Before starting MAKS EMB operation it is highly recommended to familiarize with the present User Manual purpose
21. ding to the pre saved settings To switch the Tool off press On Off key and hold it for 3 seconds The Tool saves current settings each time it is switched off correctly The Tool will load all saved settings and enable the set functions when it is switched on next time 16 9 Operation Procedure 9 1 Connection Variants Tests with traffic generation are the following Traffic test RFC 2544 test Packet jitter test BERT Multistream test To run these tests you should connect MAKS EMK Tester or MAKS EMB Tool to a network section or DUT in accordance with the connection diagram illustrated in Figure 9 1 Either MAKS EMK or MAKS EMB in Analyzer modification can act as network tester Either MAKS EMK or MAKS EMB in both Analyzer and Loopback modifications can act as a loopback tool H MAKC EMB Loopback Tester s ss F OM o MAKC EM A B FN 100 LINK 10 1000 FDX O wA J Figure 9 1 Tester and Tool Connection in Test Mode Network sections with distant loopback point are usually tested in accordance with the above mentioned diagram At that loopback Layer from 1 to 3 is selected depending on the network equipment used within this network section For example if a network section involves only network commutators switches you will have to activate Layer 2 Loopback function but if this section invol
22. e is disregarded MAC Destination destination MAC address If network section under test does not contain routers destination MAC address will be the address of 23 frame receiving loopbacking device Alternatively destination MAC address will be defined by MAC address of the nearest router MAC Source address of traffic generating interface is set as source MAC address This field indicates the value specified on Interface Settings menu Header layer 3 IP destination destination IP address IP Source address of traffic generating interface is set as source IP address This field indicates the value specified on Interface Settings menu Replace ToS activation deactivation of QoS settings Marking of this field blocks DSCP and its value is disregarded For detailed description of fields refer to RFC 791 ToS field bit names are presented in Table A 1 Appendix A ToS TO T3 bits in ToS byte displayed in binary form May assume the following values 0000 0001 0010 0100 and 1000 Precedence frame precedence specifies PO P2 bits in ToS byte It assumes values from 0 to 7 Correspondence of precedence values and names are presented in Table A 2 Appendix A Replace DSCP activation deactivation of QoS settings Marking blocks ToS Precedence and its value is disregarded DSCP byte bit names are presented in Table A 3 Appendix A The field may assume values from 0 to 64 and it displays 6 uppermost DSO DS5 bits fro
23. ed bytes Layers Port A L2 Port A amount of received Rx and transmitted Tx frames at data link layer L3 Port A amount of received Rx and transmitted Tx frames at networking layer Frame types Port A Broadcast Port A amount of broadcast frames Multicast Port A amount of multicast frames Unicast Port A amount of unicast frames Pause Port A amount of pause frames amount of received frames 1 1 1 1 37 Tx amount of transmitted frames Frame Size Port A Size frame size in bytes Rx amount of received frames Tx amount of transmitted frames Rx frame errors Port A CRC amount of received frames with checksum error Runt amount of received frames of less than 64 bytes in length with correct checksum Jabber amount of received frames of more than 1518 bytes in length with checksum error 9 3 15 File Transfer Tab The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 A To save test reports to a PC enter File Transfer tab of Remote Control software press Refresh select pre saved files or current test results and download the file s using Create report button The selected report with all its settings and fulfilled tests will be saved to Remote Control software directory as a pdf file To delete files kept in the Tool memory from Remote Control software use Delete Settings button 9 4 Tool Options Extra
24. ement is Tool option 05 PDV 9 3 10 1 Jitter Test Settings Header Tab The tab contains setting fields similar for all tests with traffic generation see Paragraph 9 3 2 2 33 Adjustment Tab Rate units selection of units in which traffic generation rate will be displayed Rate traffic generation rate Pack length b length of the generated frames expressed in bytes Duration s test duration expressed in seconds Threshold ms jitter value expressed in microseconds ps used as the upper limit for jitter distribution 9 3 10 2 Packet Jitter Test Statistics Measuring field displays general test results Elapsed time time to the end of test Estimate time time since test launch Rx Frames All amount of received frames In order amount of frames sent and received in the same order expressed numerically and as a percentage of general frames amount Not in order amount of frames received in an inversed order as against the order they were sent expressed numerically and as a percentage of general frames amount Distribution Jitter ms this column shows ranges of the ten intervals jitter values of the received packets fall within These intervals are formed by division of the Threshold value into ten equal parts this column shows amount of frames with jitter whose value has fallen within this range expressed in a percentage of the total amount of sent frames
25. es are shown in Appendix A Tables A 4 and A 5 9 3 8 TCP IP Tab 9 3 8 1 Ping Test The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 A Ping test is used to check achievability of a certain network node Frame receiving device if able to responds to the ping request sent according to ICMP so that the user could count round trip delay Frame loss percentage is also determined Test result is presented in tabular form The table shows data on the six latest ping requests as well as statistics on the latest test time slot The first table column indicates ping request number The second one shows ping request status that can take the following forms Request ping request was made but the response message has not been received yet OK ping request was responded correctly 30 Timeout wait time is over Interrupted wait time for the latest ping request was interrupted by the user The third column displays sent frame payload value in bytes The fourth column shows round trip propagation delay Ping Settings IP destination address of the device ICMP packets are sent to in order to check its achievability Frame size b frame size in bytes for networks not supporting jumbo frames maximum ICMP packet payload length is equal to 1472 bytes Pause time between two sequential ping requests in ms Ping Statistics In accordance with ping test results the following me
26. es less than 64 bytes of size with correct checksum is displayed in Amount column Ratio of such erroneous frames is displayed in Ratio column CRC amount of received frames with erroneous checksum displayed in Amount column Erroneous frames ratio is displayed in Ratio column Jabber amount of received frames more than 1518 bytes of size with erroneous checksum is displayed in Amount column Erroneous frames ratio is displayed in Ratio column Err frames total amount of received erroneous frames Runt Jabber CRC is displayed in Amount column Error ratio is displayed in Ratio column Pause frames total amount of pause frames 9 3 9 2 Traffic Test Settings Settings of test packet headers are similar for all tests with traffic generation refer to Paragraph 9 3 2 2 Advanced Loading type this parameter is not used since it is a constant load test Rate units selection of units in which traffic generation rate will be displayed Rate traffic generation rate Packet length b length of generated frames in bytes Duration test duration expressed in seconds If this value is equal to 0 the test will run endlessly 9 3 10 Jitter test Tab HFC 3393 defines packet jitter as a throughput delay difference between transmission of two packets The Tool allows measuring packet jitter distribution within the range from zero to the upper user set limit Note Packet jitter measur
27. est duration in hh mm ss format If the value equals zero the test will run endlessly 9 3 5 2 Multistream Test Statistics The following fields are displayed in Measuring field Stream X the selected stream Elapsed time time elapsed since Multistream test launch Estimate time time to the end of Multistream test Load value of generated stream load Tx frames amount of transmitted frames in the selected stream Rx frames amount of received frames in the selected stream Tx bytes amount of transmitted bytes in the selected stream Loss frames amount of lost bytes in the selected stream equal to the difference between the amount of transmitted and received bytes lt is displayed in Count column Frame loss ratio is displayed in Coef column Note during the test Loss field may display a nonzero value even if no frames have been lost This can be explained by channel latency and sender receiver buffer latency Latency the measured average latency value of the selected stream if test was successful During test run the field displays current measured latency value 9 3 6 Cable Test Tab The function is available in the extended Analyzer modification option 05 A Cable diagnostics is performed in two stages quality test and determination of twisted pair parameters Cable quality test is based on breakage diagnostics reflectometric technique that includes distance
28. ftware Conventions Conventions listed in the table below are used in the present User Manual Table 1 2 Description Example Text in bold indicates user s action on the display press On Names of menu items and input amp display fields are represented in bold on the Statistics menu Text to be entered into menu fields or the PC is displayed in the following font http 192 168 0 111 Paragraphs marked with Caution warn the user against a hazardous situation that may damage the equipment or cause bodily injuries Caution 1 Purpose Packet Network Loopback Tool amp Traffic Analyzer MAKS EMB is designed for use during Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet networks service and repair MAKS EMB tool hereinafter the Tool can function either in its basic Loopback modification or in extended Analyzer modification optional In Loopback modification the Tool provides loopback at physical data link networking and transport layers of OIS model and collects Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet statistics The Tool in Analyzer modification provides loopback of different layers It is destined for network equipment diagnostic testing in accordance with RFC 2544 and M 2301 Recommendations It allows using MAKS EMB tool during IP networks repair and commissioning The Tool is also suitable for computer assisted operation 1 1 Utmost Permissible Operation Conditions
29. ghput test If zero value is set the test will continue until an irreducible load value stated in paragraph 10 9 1 is achieved Ending load percentage load value at the beginning of Throughput test for each frame size Sample s time period of continuous test fulfillment with specified frame sizes and parameter values Test settings Latency Enabled field marking allows running Latency test Iterations amount of trials of each specified frame size in Latency test Interval time period of continuous test fulfillment with specified frame sizes and parameter values User loading if the field is marked Latency test will run with the load specified in below settings Otherwise the test will run with the load being the result of Throughput test Load percentage load value at the beginning of Latency test It is possible to set specific load value for each frame size Test settings Frame loss Enabled marking allows running Frame Loss Rate test Sample time period of continuous test fulfillment with specified frame sizes and parameter values Loading step percentage load value by which the load of each successive test stage will decrease in case of frame loss Starting load percentage loading value at the beginning of Frame Loss test Ending load 96 percentage loading value to which level Frame Loss load decreases If fr
30. gure 10 8 This value is called round trip delay When data is transmitted from one port to another according to test pattern presented in Figure 10 6 2 only one way delay is measured Default setting suggests fulfillment of 30 tests regarding whose results average delay is calculated The lowest measurable latency value is equal to 8 ns Frame loss rate Testing a network section or a network device capability of supporting real time applications retransmission is not possible This test allows calculating percentage of frames not transmitted by network element at constant load because of hardware resource deficiency Please note that high percentage of frame loss is a cause of QoS degradation Back to back Time slot needed to manage maximum load is determined 9 3 4 2 RFC 2544 Test Settings Frame settings Header settings This tab contains settings fields similar for all tests with traffic generation i e Traffic test RFC 2544 and Packet Jitter Individual settings for each test are stored in the Tool s memory Connection speed source MAC address source IP address VLAN and MPLS measurement interface parameters are specified on Interface Settings menu Refer to Paragraph 9 3 11 for description Header Layer 2 Auto MAC Destination automatic option of destination MAC address resolution by means of ARP request performed before running the test When this option is marked Received MAC field disappears and its valu
31. itude is low because of plugs sockets contact fault as an example Note straight through cable is self matched according to MDI MDIX pattern crossover cable according to MDI MDI or MDIX MDIX pattern TP parameters are determined when line is synchronized 9 3 7 Loopback Tab Loopback tab displays settings and status of Loopback function To activate physical data link networking or transport layer loopback press the corresponding layer selection key L1 L2 L3 or L4 Loopback layer Layer 2 settings If Replace MAC field is not marked Layer 2 loopback activation will lead to automatic swapping of source and destination fields of MAC address frame Replace MAC marking of Source and Destination fields results in swapping of source and destination MAC addresses of the received frames for source and destination MAC addresses specified in the corresponding fields Source specifies new source MAC address Destination specifies new destination MAC address Replace VLAN ID marking activates VLAN ID swapping Received packet VLAN ID field is swapped for the value from the corresponding field Replace priority swapping of transmitted traffic priority IEEE 802 1p standard Received packet PCP field is swapped for the value from the corresponding field 29 Layer 3 settings If Replace IP field is not marked Layer 3 loopback activation will result in automatic swapping of source and de
32. m the corresponding frame header byte in binary form Lettered abbreviation is also displayed see RFC 2474 and RFC 2597 for more details Correspondence of precedence values and names are presented in Tables A 4 and A 5 Appendix A Header layer 4 UDP source source port number UDP destination destination port number Source MAC address source IP address and VLAN and MPLS fields are set by means of Interface Settings menu refer to Paragraph 9 3 10 Frames settings Frame size b RFC 2544 method recommends using the following seven preset frame sizes 64 128 256 512 1024 1280 and 1518 bytes at Ethernet testing These values are set by default It is possible to set other frame sizes and apply extended RFC 2544 pattern that allows using frames of random sizes including Jumbo frames from 1519 to 9600 bytes of length You can also set an additional test frame from 64 to 9600 bytes of length Frame sizes in bytes should be specified in lines Marking of this field allows the corresponding configuration of the frame Note Some routers either do not support Jumbo frames or have to be 24 preconfigured to support them Please familiarize with the specific router documents to estimate the possibility of Jumbo frames support Test settings Throughput Enabled field marking allows running Throughput test Starting load load value expressed as a percentage Achievement of this value stops Throu
33. ng of Tx LED caption reports that the port is busy with traffic transmission Link LED indicates connection status Link LED captions indicate values of data transmission speed and duplex mode 1000 for 1000BASE T and 1000BASE X 100 for 100BASE T 10 for 10BASE T NS no synchronization H stands for Half duplex mode F stands for Full duplex mode Under the LEDs instantaneous values of reception and transmission information rates in bps without notice of preamble interframe gap and start frame delimiter are displayed Thus maximum rate at interfaces is calculated by the following formula V V 2 where T S P SFD IFG information rate V connection speed 1000 Mbps 100 Mbps 10 Mbps 5 frame size P preamble 7 bits 21 SFD start frame delimiter 1 bit IFG interframe gap 12 bits The following functional tabs can be found on the lateral panel 2544 Multistream Cable Test Loopback TCP IP Traffic test Jitter test BERT OAM Interface settings Statistics File Transfer Note these functions are available in the extended Analyzer modification In the basic Loopback modification only three tabs with coloured icons are available Other tabs with grey icons are blocked Note these functions will be available after activation of the corres
34. o Ill roads and earth roads to distances up to 250 km at a speed of 40 kmh 11 3 Please observe handling instructions and warning label information when handling loading and unloading 11 4 Tool packed in its standard container should be stored in heated warehouse rooms at air temperature of 0 40 C and at relative air humidity of 80 96 at temperature of 35 C Storage time should not exceed 6 months 11 5 Warehouse rooms where the Tool is stored must be free from acid and alkali fumes as well as other aggressive agents that may cause metal corrosion 11 6 Please observe general regulations of fire safety when transporting and storing the Tool 42 12 Product Details Name Packet Network Loopback Tool amp Traffic Analyzer MAKS EMB Designation MBCE 468212 005 Release date Manufacturer CJSC SPE KOMETEH P O Box 140 Saint Petersburg 190103 Russia Ph 7 812 333 06 61 Ph Fax 7 812 333 08 09 e mail mail kometeh ru www kometeh ru 43 Manufacturer s Warranty Manufacturer warrants compliance of MAKS EMBK to MBCE 468212 005 TY technical requirements on the understanding that transportation storage and operating rules are observed by customer Warranty period is equal to 24 months from the date the customer took delivery of the tester The stated period may be changed by mutual agreement of the parties in the delivery contract 44 Acceptance Certificate MAKS EMBK analyzer MBCE
35. o be inserted into frame If the value is equal to zero traffic will be generated without VLAN TPID tag protocol identifier PCP transmitted traffic Precedence for IEEE 802 1p standard VID 4 bytes long VLAN identifier values can be set within the range of Note When VLAN is on minimal lengths will be equal to 68 bytes for one VLAN tag 72 bytes for two VLAN tags and 76 bytes for three VLAN tags because of lengthening of frame tag fields At lesser frame sizes an error report will be displayed RFC 2544 test with default frame size values i e 64 bytes and more will not run MPLS settings MPLS counts MPLS parameters activation deactivation Assumes values equal to the count of MPLS tags from 0 to 3 If the value is equal to zero traffic will be generated without MPLS tags Value tag value QoS class of packet service TTL packet lifetime Note Management of MPLS settings is Tool option 05 MPLS 9 3 14 Statistics Tab The Tool collects statistics on the received and transmitted frames Statistics information is sorted as to layers frame types frame sizes and erroneous frames Commons Port A The fields display received and transmitted data for port A expressed in bytes and frames Rx frames Port A amount of received frames Tx frames Port A amount of transmitted frames Rx bytes Port A amount of received bytes Tx bytes Port A amount of transmitt
36. of keys external connectors and components of the Tool 6 2 The Tool should be operated in the conditions not exceeding its operation conditions The supply mains must be free from voltage spikes There must not be strong electrical and or magnetic field sources next to the working place 6 3 Protect the Tool and its power unit from hits moisture dust and continuous exposure to direct sunlight 6 4 If you put the Tool into operation after its stay in cold weather conditions you will have to place it in standard environment for at least 2 hours and only then start its operation 6 5 If service interruptions last for more than two hours it will be recommended to disconnect power unit from the mains 6 6 The Tool can be powered from mains 220 22 50 60 Hz by means of a power unit PoEvia TPs connected to the Tool s LAN port 14 7 Safety Precautions Caution External power unit carries fatal voltage Do not operate damaged power unit 15 8 Preparation for Work 8 1 Unpack the Tool and examine it visually Check set completeness according to Table 2 1 8 2 Keep the Tool in normal conditions for at least 2 hours 8 3 Plug in the power unit if Tool is going to be mains powered 8 4 To switch the Tool on press On Off key and hold it for 3 seconds When the Tool is powered and it starts make sure that PWR LED lights up and keeps on and 10 100 and 1000 LEDs light up accor
37. ponding options To activate any changed settings press Apply button If you need to return to the settings saved in Tool memory press Reset button Tests are launched by Start and Start A gt A buttons depending on possible and required test topologies 9 3 4 RFC 2544 Test Tab This function is available in extended Analyzer modification of the Tool option 05 A 9 3 4 1 RFC 2544 Test Description RFC 2544 method is a standard of diversified Ethernet testing It describes the script of an automated Ethernet channel test procedure with deficient operating traffic The script contains key parameters for throughput latency frame loss and back to back testing Each test allows checking certain parameters described in SLA Test methodology defines frame sizes test duration and amount of test repeats 22 The Tool allows running four basic RFC 2544 tests Throughput Evaluation of maximum bit rate At this rate amount of test frames transmitted through DUT or network section is equal to the amount of frames sent from testing equipment This test is used for recording maximum switching speed of transport Ethernet elements Minimum determinable throughput value expressed in 96 is calculated by L the following formula 25 where L is packet length in bytes Latency Evaluation of time slot during which a frame is transmitted from source to destination and back in accordance with the diagram illustrated in Fi
38. ption LINK is off No synchronization LINK is on FDX is off Half duplex synchronization LINK is on TNT FDX is on Full duplex synchronization The LED above On Off key shows internal power supply voltage The LED is on when the Tool is powered up and switched on 3 1 2 Keypad Keys E L key of the L1 L2 L3 L4 group is used for activating and switching in Loopback mode layers M S key of the 10 100 1000 group is used for manual selection of connection speed On Off key 3 1 3 External Connectors Location of external connectors on the upper lower and lateral sides of the Tool is shown in Figure 3 2 The list of connectors and add on devices is set out in Table 3 3 Connectors on the Tool case are marked as shown in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Purpose of Tool Connectors Marking Purpose A an RJ 45 for connection to DUT or network SFPA connection to DUT or network via SFP modules 12V connection to a power unit LAN an HJ 45 for remote management USB a USB port for remote management tl grounding 12B MAKC EMB O O 1000 FDX LINK 10 USB AN L Figure 3 2 Connectors Location Connection of SFP Receiver transmitter SFP A connector is used for connection SFP optical modules or SFP copper modules with external RJ 45 to the Tool
39. re running tests with traffic generation 9 3 13 Interface settings Tab Interface Settings Tab displays measuring port settings Common settings field Link speed selection of data transmission speed When 10 100 and 1000 options are marked connection will be configured automatically at the highest possible speed If only one option is marked connection will be forcedly configured for the selected speed Duplex half duplex HDX or full duplex FDX mode selection Mark one or both fields MAC address MAC address of the configured port DHCP as soon as this function is activated port IP address subnet mask and other parameters will be received automatically from DHCP server IP address subnet IP address Subnet mask subnet mask Gateway subnet gateway Note When the Tool is connected optically via SFP modules transmission speed is always selected automatically and is equal to 1 000 Mbps regardless of any marked options Note New MAC address of the port will be valid only after Tool reloading Note If Loopback function is activated at the actual interface DHCP will not run In order to activate it you will first have to deactivate Loopback and receive DHCP settings VLAN settings VLAN counts VLAN parameters activation deactivation according to IEEE 802 1q and IEEE 802 1p standards Assumes values equal to the count of VLAN tags t
40. st VLAN ID VLAN Identifier IFG Inter Frame Gap IP Internet Protocol Unique identifier address of a device connected to the ous integrated network on TCP IP basis LAN Local Area Network Latency Frame Latency test MAC Media Access Control address Unique identifier address used for network devices addressing at the physical layer OAM Operations Administration Maintenance Channel status monitoring protocol OSI Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model Ping Utility used for connection test in TCP IP based networks Power over Ethernet technology allowing data and PoE electric power transmission via a standard twisted pair to a remote device Precedence Traffic Precedence RJ 45 One of Registered Jack standard connectors used for connection of twisted pairs SFD Start of Frame Delimiter Small Form factor Pluggable A transmitter receiver used di for data transmission in telecommunications Service Level Agreement An agreement on the service SLA level between an operator rendering communication services and a client Throughput Throughput test ToS Type of Service TPID Tag Protocol Identifier VID VLAN Identifier 2 VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VLAN tag The corresponding field of an Ethernet frame Twisted Pair SC Short Circuit PC Personal Computer SW so
41. stination fields of IP address frame Replace IP marking of Source and Destination fields results in swapping of source and destination IP addresses of the received frames for source and destination IP addresses specified in the corresponding fields Source specifies new source IP address Destination specifies new destination IP address Replace ToS Precedence marking activates swapping of ToS field with QoS parameters Marking of this field blocks DSCP installation and its value is disregarded Refer to RFC 791 for detailed field description ToS byte bit names are listed in Appendix A Table A 1 ToS this field specifies new value of ToS byte TO T3 bits It is displayed in binary form and may assume the following values 0000 0001 0010 0100 1000 Precedence specifies new value of ToS byte PO P2 bits It can assume values from 0 to 7 Correspondence of precedence names and their values are shown in Appendix A Table A 2 Replace DSCP mark to activate swapping of DSCP byte with QoS parameters Marking of this field blocks ToS Precedence installation and its value is disregarded DSCP byte bit names are listed in Appendix A Table A 3 The field may assume values from 0 to 64 it displays 6 uppermost DSO DS5 bits of the corresponding frame header byte in binary form Alphabetic abbreviation refer to RFC 2474 and RFC 2597 for more detailed information is also displayed Correspondence of DSCP names with their valu
42. ted load will be displayed in Loss column Measurements are performed before the trial which will detect no frame loss That is why only values of loads that participated in tests are displayed in the table Frame loss 96 the field displays frame loss value in 96 for the selected load Measuring Back to back Min T s this field shows minimum time interval during which the Tool managed maximum load T s this field shows maximum time interval during which the Tool managed maximum load 9 3 5 Multistream Test Tab Multistream test is used for simultaneous generation of traffic containing frames with different characteristics Note Multistream test is Tool option 05 MS 9 3 5 1 Multistream Test Settings Header Tab Settings of test packet headers are similar for all tests with traffic generation refer to Paragraph 9 3 2 2 To set frame header for a stream select the required stream in Stream X field To change stream number use Enter or Up and Down keys Advanced Tab Active stream activation and deactivation Loading type this parameter is not used The test generates constant load Rate units 96 selection of units in which Rate field value for the selected stream will be entered Rate load value for the selected stream Packet length b packet length in bytes generated for the selected stream during the test 27 Duration s t
43. ves routers you will have to switch on Layer 3 Loopback function For more on Loopback function see paragraphs 9 2 2 and 9 3 3 17 9 2 Manual Operation 9 2 1 Connection Speed To set the required connection speed press speed selection key S in the group 10 100 and 1000 and select one of the three variants 10 MBps 100r 100 MBps 10 100 or 1000 MBps After pressing the key LED indicating the selected mode will flash for three seconds Refer to Table 3 2 After this procedure speed self matching and setting will be performed automatically at the highest of the available selected speeds Connection status LINK LED will light up if synchronized If there is no synchronization at any of the selected speeds the LEDs will continue flashing 9 2 2 Loopback Mode Loopback function allows testing a network without changing its settings Such a test can be run at different OSI layers at physical layer all incoming frames are looped back inversely At that their structure does not undergo any changes at data link layer incoming frames are looped back inversely It is possible to activate algorithm of source and destination MAC address swapping and algorithm of MAC address shifting at loopback Frames containing identical source and destination MAC field data OAM frames ARP requests and multicast frames are hard filtered at reception and are not looped back inversely at networking layer incoming frames
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