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1. VERMIER TATION ENY soREWsN ASE BOARD gy TRACKS FOR SLIDING OR RB INDER N4 TROUT CHANGING _ TATION Figure 98 The Osborne Firefinder c Then place the level on the graduated rim at approxi mately 135 next at 225 and last at 315 If not level adjust level screw at each setting Six Rivers National Forest Smith River National Recreation Area TOP VIEW PLAGE LEVEL IN GRADUATED RIM THIS POSITION AON ki BUBBLE CENTERS WHEN LEVEL LEVELING FIRE FINDER Paes pA NA nage uve TO eae ADJUST TO LEVEL ADJUST screws RAND 4 SCREWS AND PA lt THIS on emer SIDE PLAY BE one fune U6 Figure 99 Leveling the Firefinder d Keep guide lugs on the base of the firefinder below the center of track to prefent side play WHY To prevent errors in horizontal readings The slightest side play will make horizontal angle readings incorrect See Fig 99 e If you have trouble leveling the finder in more than one position contact your Ranger for proper instructions The firefinder must be level before any further adjust ments can be made 2 Checking Sights and Vertical Hair for Plumb a Firefinder has been leveled b Check vertical hair in front sight by following steps 1 Hang weighted thread or string from nail inside window frame 2 If vertical hair does not coincide with string hair is not straight c Adjustment 1 Loosen screw on sight fastening the horsehair 22. Vertical angle reading will not be taken if origin of Smoke cannot be seen Item 5 Location by Local Landmarks Describe location of smoke by generally known landmarks Use accepted local names Example On small flat east side of Bear Creek 1 2 mile below Red Bridge Report items I to 5 to Dispatcher and stop This will clear telephone or radio circuit to start action if he desires to do so Dispatcher will request additional information as needed Item 6 What Is Burning Put check mark after the term best describing what You see or believe is burning Write in your own terms after Other if not described above Item 7 Appearance of Smoke Check one best descriptive term under each heading of Volume P Color Character See page 133 for How to Identify Smoke Form No 265 R5 i i LOOKOUT REPORT OF Plean laev Name of Fire 2 amw 2 go7 3 BASE OF SOKE SIGHTED Yes 1 Wo 1 STATION REPORTING 2 Always Report Items 3 4 VERTICAL ANGLE Jo voceriox wr tavmunns aak sahara Report 6 WHAT IS BURNING Check best descriptive term Grass Reproduce tion Vehicie Items Brush Slash Unknown Timber Building Other to 6 Gauari La ko aingie anad thru 11 7 APPEARANCE OF SNOKE Cheok best descriptive term VOLUME COLOR CHARACTER as Small White Thin Modi 7 Heavy Largo Oooo Bioy Drift Smoke Blanket Smoke Other eactigacag ce Suoh as puffs No 1
3. Pull the horsehair tight 3 Tighten the screw again 4 Hair is then tight and straight If it does not coincide with string notify Ranger d Replacing Vertical Hair 1 Have on hand extra supply of dark horsehair In emergency black thread or fine wire may be used temporarily 2 Loosen both top and bottom screws holding hair 3 Thread new hair through bottom holes in sight standard 4 Wrap hair around bottom screw and tighten screw 5 Thread hair through top hole 6 Pull tight 7 Wrap around top screw and tighten screw c Checking Rear Sight Slot to See If Vertical 1 Finder has been leveled 2 Hair on front sight is plumb 3 Look through rear sight at small dot or point on the wall 4 Raise eye slowly from bottom to top of slot 5 If dot is visible from bottom to top rear sight is vertical 6 Report to Ranger if slot is not vertical 3 Orienting Firefinder This should be done daily Firefinder has been leveled cross hairs arc plumb A designated orientation point has been selected by the Ranger and the bearing recorded and posted in the lookout house If this point does not check the firefinder Must be oriented in the following manner a Loosen orientation adjustment screws below the upper plate of firefinder See N Fig 98 b Set vernier at correct reading of orientation point c Revolve not the sights but the entire plate of the instru ment until sights arc trained on orie
4. Requested colum increasing or decreasing 8 DIRECTION FROM WHICH SMOKE IS DRIPTING_ Zar 9 DISTANCE TO FIRE milos 10 SIZE Estimated j 11 LOCATION OF FIRE T gs R See sS DAM Tie Always 22 ORIGIN L s 740 2 Knom_ Guess record 13 SIGHTED By A aest 14 REPORTED ae bee To Ae j A 7 4 L Over INSTRUCTIONS TO OBSERVER 1 Reoord in item 13 time sighted 2 Reoord and report items 1 through 5 to your Dispatoher 3e Upon completion of initial report to Dispatcher record report time in item 14 4 Reoord items 6 through 10 but do not report them unless requested by Dispatcher 5 Later Dispatcher will furnish name of fire and time of origin item 12 end actual location item 11 6 Keep diary of subsequent aotion on this side of form below or in Daily Log and Diary as instructed Te Completed form should be carefully stored at your station SUBSEQUENT ACTION LOG Figure 105 Lookout Report Item 8 Direction From Which Smoke Is Drifting Enter one of the eight main points of the compass from which the wind is blowing at the fire Examples NE E SE S Wind direction is always recorded as the direction from which the wind is blowing or from which the smoke is drifting Item 9 Distance to Fire Report to nearest 1 2 mile the distance from your lookout to the fire Use metal tape scale See above for Flow to Use the Metal Tape Item 10
5. Osborne Firefinder the basic lookout tool Smith River National Recreation Area Six Rivers National Forest he Osborne Firefinder is the basic tool of your job It is used to accurately locate fires or smokes which you will discover The accuracy of your reports of fires will depend to a large extent on how well you keep the instrument adjusted and oriented Knowledge of the various parts of your firefinder see Fig 98 will enable you to keep it in adjustment How to Adjust and Orient the Firefinder 1 Leveling Your Firefinder Each morning check to see that your firefinder is level in the following manner a Place a level tube on machined surface of graduate rim Fig 99 at about 45 degrees 45 azimuth b If the bubble in the level tube is not level turn leveling screws until bubble in level tube is exactly centered See Fig 99 United States USD a Department of el Agriculture orm a gt Forest Service UAS Pacific Southwest Region From the Firemans Guide California Region by Grace Asplund Ely Intorf and Droege U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service 1955 THE OSBORNE FIRE FINDER G PE FOR DELINEATING _ 7 LINE OF SIGHT AYLPONT SIGHT HEAR SIGHT __ Garsus USED IN SIGHTING E PEED HOLE ay GE OASE MAP a enous Fon TURNING IRNING J ROTATING SISHT RING IGHT RING D EER ALATE with D E zimuTH be enanvareo ne pone I GRADUATIONS A ING i y O APS ABLUSTENT D
6. Size estimated a Report in acres if more than one acre b Report to nearest 1 4 acre if less than one acre See above for How to Measure Size of Fire with Firefinder Item 11 Location of Fire Township Range Section This is the map location by legal subdivisions Enter your estimated location Time Blocks Time Should be recorded in 24 hour clock time The above information on using the Osborne Firefinder is taken from Chapter 3 Lookout Duties in Fireman s Guide California Region by Harry Grace Rupert Asplund Joe Ely Phil Intorf and R F Droege It was published by the U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service in 1955 7 98 For More Infomation please visit call or write one of the Forest Service offices below Office hours at Smith River National Recreation Area are Monday Friday 8 00 a m 4 30 p m All ForestServiceoffices are wheelchair accessible Smith River National Recreation Area 10600 Highway 199 P O Box 288 Gasquet CA 95543 707 457 3131 also TTY Six Rivers National Forest 1330 Bayshore Way Eureka CA 95501 707 442 1721 anso TTY The United States Department of Agriculture USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race color national origin gender religion age disability political beliefs sexual orientation and marital or familial status Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs Persons with disabil
7. der is not intended to be a table Don t use it as a place to set cups ashtrays binoculars clothing or books Use the shelves of your firefinder stand for storing the items you need to do your job such as binoculars instruction booklets pencils diary and log book records and first aid kit Keep the items on the shelves arranged neatly 3 Keep a thin coat of light oil or graphite on tracks and sight ring to prevent wear and rust 4 Map should be kept clean and in good condition If a new map is needed notify your Ranger Before you close your station protect the Finder as follows a Clean thoroughly b Coat all metal parts with mineral oil c Release tension on cross hairs and distance tape d Remove map and store in dry place or send it to head quarters as directed Figure 101 Ready for Use Figure 100 Improper Use How to Use the Osborne Firefinder The Osborne Firefinder measures angles similar to compass readings to smokes These angles are known as horizontal angles and vertical angles The horizontal angle is called file Azimuth and is measured from the north in a clockwise direction The azimuth circle is graduated into 360 degrees with true north indicated by 0 The horizontal angle or azimuth is more important than the vertical angle in cases where two or more lookouts see the fire Vertical angle readings are helpful wher
8. e only one lookout can see the fire Azimuths are read from the graduated azimuth rim around file firefinder and vertical angles arc read from the scale on the rear sight You will notice that the azimuth circle or the rim around the outside of the Finder Plate is marked with degrees and fractions of degrees 0 zero on this rim when the firefinder is property oriented is on the south side of the rim This has been done for convenience in reading the azimuth If the figures were placed in their true position you would have to go around the finder to the opposite side in order to take the reading thereby consuming valuable time Figure 98 pictures the Osborne Firefinder illustrating the different parts referred to in the following paragraphs The Proper Procedure in Using the Firefinder Is As Follows When a fire is spotted turn the sighting ring D by use of handle J Your eye should be within two 2 inches of rear sight H Line up the vertical hair of front sight A and the slot in back sight H so that vertical hair appears in the center of the fire Readings can now be made Slide firefinder on tracks or move to other set of tracks to clear line of sight around obstructions such as corners of buildings stove pipe or window frame How to Read a Horizontal Angle Or Azimuth To see how to make the proper azimuth readings refer Figure 102 The vernier plate is attached to the movable sighting ring and is
9. his phase of the job so that oii ve ee eee ee omzon_ center of the tape should be directly over the pin in the ma Ti rae AER Pata center of the map The scale on the tape is in inches cea 2 fF eT ER thus on a 1 2 inch scale map a fire estimated to be 3 inches fe tt i from the tower on the map would be 6 miles from the EN Bie beat tower on the ground Sometimes it is very necessary that a ae k N HE i oai the distance to a fire be given to the Dis patcher as in the pe e oe a i leer RING case where only one man can see the fire In the study of ae b 3 H A j HAIR l ea EROS ball lt 7 gt WES TAPE 2th PEEP HOLE y KF Uff a e Figure 103 How to Read Virtical Angle How to Obtain a Vertical Angle Reading The vertical angle is measured by the sliding metal piece on the rear sight Figure 103 shows a close up of the rear sight mechanism There are two sets of figures marked on this sight one reads Plus angle read from top hair and the other reads Minus angle read from bottom hair you can become proficient in this operation How to Determine the Size of A Fire by Use of Firefinder You can determine the approximate size of a large fire if you can see both sides of it 1 Take accurate azimuth reading to each edge of fire Use vernier to give reading in minutes 2 Subtract to find the azimuth difference between read ings and then convert the difference to minutes 1 degree 60 min
10. ities who require alternative means for communication of program information Braille large print audiotape etc should contact USDA s TARGET Center at 202 720 2600 voice and TDD To file a complaint of discrimination write USDA Director Off ice of Civil Rights Room 326 W Whitten Building 14th and Independence Avenue SW Washington DC 20250 9410 or call 202 720 5964 voice or TDD USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
11. ntation point d Tighten screws below plate of finder c Finder is then oriented 4 Orienting Map Disk This should be done daily Finder has been leveled and oriented a Set vernier at correct reading or designated orientation point selected by the Ranger Locate this orientation point on your firefinder map If the steel tape does not pass directly over the orientation point on your map the disk is not oriented Then follow these steps b Loosen flat head screws around outer edge of map c Revolve the map disk until the orientation point shown on the map lies directly under the steel tape d Clamp disk in place by gently tightening the fiat head screws being careful that the position of the disk is not disturbed in the process c Repeat operation using a second and third orientation point to recheck Your work Notify your Ranger if your map cannot be oriented within 15 minutes on at least three orientation points 5 Adjusting Distance Tape a Distance tape is suspended between front and rear sights by adjusting screws b Adjust screws at either end of tape so that 0 point on the tape will be directly over the center pin See Tape G Fig 98 Be careful too much tension on the tape will spring the sight ring and cause it to turn hard Care of the Firefinder Keep your firefinder clean Use solvent if sticky or rusty and a powdered cleanser for general cleaning Polish all brass parts 2 The firefin
12. orms with this item filled in should be kept ready for immediate use on your firefinder stand These forms should be carefully stored at your station when completed Ttem 2 Azimuth Record angle to nearest 1 2 degree The azimuth or horizontal angle is the reading given by your firefinder See above for How to Obtain Horizontal Angle Reading Item 3 Origin of Smoke Sighted Check YES if a You can see actual starting point of fire b Or you can see the smoke rising through the timber cover at origin of the fire Check NO if neither of above is true Item 4 Vertical Angle Record to nearest 10 ten minutes which is the small gradua tion on vertical scale See above How to Obtain Vertical Angle LOOKOUT waz 2 22 142 AZIMUTH 87 34 8 MILES Seatin Figure 104 How to Determine Size of Fire How to Determine Size of Fire A Lookout Station AC Azimath reading right edge of fire 87 34 AB Azimath reading left edge of fire 85 12 Difference between azimath readings 2 22 2 22 converted to minutes 2 x 60 22 142 AC 8 miles scaled by metal tape on map Apply rule Number of minutes x 1 1 2 x no of miles Insert value 142 x 1 1 2 x 8 1 704 feet whihc is width of fire Distance DE estimated to be 800 feet 1 700 x 800 Area of fire 43 560 31 acres Note 43 560 is the number of square feet in an acre Reading
13. t in the use of the firefinder ABOVE HORIZON LINE FIRE TOP GROSS HAIR PLUS ANGLES Adjust the sliding peep hole so that it rests on 0 at the bottom of the right hand or minus scale and look through the peep hole The bottom cross hair should appear in the center of the peep hole All objects sighted with the sight in this position are on the same level as the lookout point subsequently as you raise the peep hole other objects seen using bottom cross hair are below the elevation of the lookout To sight objects above the level of the lookout the left hand or Plus scale and top cross hair are used Sighting the peep hole with the marker at the upper 0 one can see that objects seen through the top cross hair are also on a level with the lookout but as the peep hole slides downward objects seen are above the lookout level The vertical reading pictured in Figure 103 using bottom hair scale is 3 Each mark between numerals is 10 minutes The minus figure indicates that the origin of the fire is below the lookout level Most of the readings will be a minus figure as fires generally start at the lower more heavily used elevations below the lookout point How to Use the Metal Tape The metal tape stretched across the center of the map on the Osborne Firefinder is used for estimating the distance of a fire from the lookout point The First mark near the your country you should stress t
14. used to read the azimuth not only in degrees but in fractions of degrees A degree is into smaller divisions known as minutes There are 60 minutes in a degree The symbol for degree is 21 degrees and 30 minutes is abbreviated 21 and 30 Looking at the Azi muth Graduation in Figure 102 you will find 0 rests between 21 30 and 22 In order to find how many minutes past 21 30 the marker lies run the eyes toward the left until you see a line on the Vernier with a line on the Azimuth Graduation You will find that the line on the Vernier that does coincide with a line on Azimuth Graduation is 15 The vernier is graduated in minutes so add 15 minutes to 21 30 and you will get 21 45 With the present string maps used by the Dispatcher on a fire reading to the nearest 1 2 degree is close enough for him to start action You will want to use a finer reading for AZIMUTH GRADUATIONS Take AZIMUTH READING 21 PLUS 30 21 30 FIND MATCHING LINES ON VERNIER amp AZIMUTH 15 MARK ON VERNIER MATGHES GRADUATION LINE ON AZIMUTH ADD IS To 2i 30 21 45 Figure 102 Vernier Plate on Osborne Firefinder orienting your firefinder studying the surrounding coun try and measuring the size of fires You should try for accuracy and speed in taking your shots as time is precious where fire is concerned By studying your country and using the orientation charts you should become fairly proficien
15. utes 3 Multiply the number of minutes by 1 1 2 and the result by the number of miles from the lookout to the fire 4 The final result will be the distance in feet between the two edges of the fire at right angles to your line of sight 5 Estimate the other dimension of the fire and size can be computed Another lookout may see the other dimension and be able to compute its width for you See Figure for sample problem How to Report a Fire When you see what appears to be a smoke you must decide whether it is a false or real smoke If it is a real smoke is it a legitimate or illegitimate fire These decisions must be made quickly and accurately and an immediate report made if a fire is starting If you have any doubts about your decisions or what you have observed port to your Dispatcher immediately giving him all the facts Don t take any chances We would rather answer some false alarms than miss prompt attack on a potential big fire Lookout Report The time when you decide to report the fire should be entered as time sighted on the Lookout Report Form 265 R5 Record the data for items I to 5 on Lookout Report Report immediately to your Dispatcher the data for items 1 to 5 See Figure 105 Instructions for completing Form The Dispatcher will request other data as needed Record items 6 to 11 after the first report Item 1 Station Reporting The name of your lookout station A supply of report f
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