Water Quality Model Version 1.00
Contents
1. TP and SO is required input for the WASP model Users may find the recent compilation and analysis of deposition data by Guoqing He 2007 helpful in estimating aerial deposition parameters Precip_load worksheet The time series of loads in kg day of CL TP and SO from precipitation for canal and marsh cells are estimated from the product of concentrations of CL TP and SO in precipitation precipitation amount and the areas of all four cells This worksheet updates automatically when the precipitation data is inputted into the PT worksheet Dry_dep worksheet The loads in kg day of CL TP and SO from dry deposition for canal and marsh cells are estimated from the dry deposition rates of CL TP and the areas of all four cells Loads from dry deposition are assumed to be constant over time This worksheet updates automatically 2 5 KC load for TP RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual TP_KC_ load worksheet Another source of TP load kg day is defined for canal and marsh This is the product of K settling coefficient and C concentration in background in Kadlec s model Kadlec and Knight 1996 Arceneaux et al 2007 It is assumed to be constant for canal and marsh cells over time This worksheet updates automatically TP and SO are modeled here as carbonaceous biological oxygen demand 1 CBOD1 and CBOD 2 respectively using the first order concentration model the k c model from Kadl2. 007 In order to assure an overall conservation of water volume it 1s essential that these time series are consistent as they will be if copied from the Mass Balance Model One may not for example adjust the precipitation component here without re running the mass balance model and replacing all of the hydrological process time series Hydrological process sheets specify flow groundwater seepage precipitation evaporation and transpiration are given in four Excel worksheets Flow worksheet The user is asked to identify the modeling time series for three flows identified and derived from the Water Mass Balance Model inflow pumped into canal QE exchange flow between canal and marsh gt 0 for flow from canal to marsh lt 0 for flow from marsh to canal QMI2 and outflow from canal QRO GW worksheet This worksheet determines the time series of total amounts of groundwater seepage in canal and marsh m day from groundwater seepage rates m day from the Water Budget Model RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual PT worksheet This worksheet gives the time series of precipitation in m day and converts them to m day and finally to m sec ET worksheet This worksheet derives time series of evaporation in m sec and transpiration in m day from ET m day results from Water Budget Model based on the percentages of evaporation and transpiration EvapTranPct also from Water Budget Model resu
3. Another major advantage of using WASP 1s that it has a data preprocessor that allows for quick development of input datasets and a postprocessor that enables efficient reviewing of model results 1 3 User s manual objectives This manual will help users to set up and run the WASP model to simulate the dynamics of chloride CL total phosphorus TP and sulfate SO in canal and marsh in the Refuge The user can generate in Excel an input file that imports time series data for water flow and water quality The user can set up the model by inputting model parameters and importing time series data through each WASP toolbar icon 1 4 Caveats 1 Before working with the RWQM the user should be familiar with the EPA WASP model USEPA 2006a b including its intended uses and limitations This manual does not cover how to use WASP 2 Users should not adjust fixed parameters in the RWQM that were determined through model calibration This manual identifies what parameters that can be changed for a particular simulation time period and water quality constituents 3 This manual presents an example of modeling CL TP and SO from 1995 2004 for the Refuge The user s assumes responsibility including limitations of obtaining organizing and running this WASP model if the period of record POR 1s different from 1995 2004 RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual 2 DATA PREPARATION In this section the user can prepare the necessary hydrolo
4. Boca Raton FL Meselhe E Arceneaux J and Waldon M 2007 Simplified Refuge Stage Model User s Manual Version 1 00 Report No LOXA07 002 RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual USEPA 2006a WASP 6 0 User s Manual Available online http www epa gov athens wwatsc html wasp html US EPA 2006b WASP 7 1 User s Manual USFWS 2007 A R M Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge Enhanced Monitoring and Modeling Program 2nd Annual Report February 2007 Report No LOXA06 008 U S Fish and Wildlife Service Boynton Beach FL 183 pp Wang H Waldon M Meselhe E Arceneaux J Chen C and Harwell M 2007 A simple model of surface water sulfate disappearance rates in the Northern Florida Everglades Journal of Environmental Quality xx xxx xxx in preparation Wang P F Martin J and Morrison G 1999 Water quality and eutrophication in Tampa Bay Florida Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 49 1 20 7 For more information contact Dr Ehab Meselhe meselhe louisiana edu Dr Mike Waldon mike mwaldon com Ms Jeanne Arceneaux jeanne fenstermaker com Dr Hongging Wang hxw7894 louisiana edu 10 RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual Appendix A1 Interpolation using SAS Proc EXPAND EEE Fe TT oe EERSTE IRD ee ee ET Ne eRe Oe ie Ne a SE ey SOO eo re X This SAS program is to use Proc EXPAND to ii 1 Convert time series data with different frequency a 2 Convert irregular observation
5. Water Quality Model Version 1 00 by Ehab Meselhe Jeanne Arceneaux Mike Waldon and Hongqing Wang Prepared for the US Fish and Wildlife Service Department of Interior by Center for Water Studies University of Louisiana Lafayette Report LOXA 07 003 June 2007 A R M Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge Water Quality Model Version 1 00 User s Manual Ehab Meselhe Jeanne Arceneaux Mike Waldon and Hongging Wang 1 INTRODUCTION Water quality modeling based on long term ecosystem monitoring can provide important information for resource managers Water quality modeling 1s needed to insure effective management of ecosystems including the A R M Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge Refuge This user s manual provides the detail description of the implementation of a simple water quality model for the Refuge or Refuge Water Quality Model RWQM The goal is to allow Refuge managers to explore the dynamics of important water quality constituents chloride total phosphorus and sulfate in this model influenced by water management that may cause canal water of high nutrient concentrations to intrude into the soft water oligotrophic marsh of the Refuge interior USFWS 2007 1 1 General description of model structure In the RWQM the Refuge was classified into four cells compartments based on the analysis of the distribution of surface water chloride and phosphorus as a function of distance away from the
6. arsh cell and also are assumed constant throughout the modeling period The data will be used in the Solid 2 in the Flows in WASP model This worksheet updates automatically so user does not need to do anything Settling is entered modeled in WASP analogous to a flow with units of m day 3 MODEL SETUP AND DATA INPUT RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual In this section you will be guided through each sequential toolbar to set up the model and input the time series of data in the WASP model Please refer to WASP6 and WASP71 Manuals for details USEPA 2006a b Note be sure to save after you finish each toolbar setup We recommend saving the model with a different file name from the original model to protect the original integrity of RWQM v 1 00 as released 3 1 Dataset Parameters you need to adjust Description and Time Range Fixed parameters therefore should not be changed Model Type Eutrophication Restart Option No Restart File Hydrodynamics Gross Flows Bed Volumes Static Time Step User Defined ran 3 2 Time step Define your simulation start and end date time and value use 0 1 day in the simulations 3 3 Print interval Define your output print start and end date time and value can be day 3 4 Segments Segments Give the initial volumes for all your segments canal and three marsh cells This was done by assuming an initial water depth
7. ata periods in the input data are not consistent for all parameters Check all the time series data to see if they match the same simulation period especially for all the time series of water flows in Flow screen 2 Initial volume check A possible limitation with this modeling program is that WASP does not allow the cells to go completely dry US EPA 2006a Model crashes related to this can be checked by examining the initial volume settings for the segments 5 POST PROCESSING Simulation results can be displayed using the Visual Graphics in the post processor US EPA 2006b or open the result CSV file s in Excel to analyze the water budget and water quality dynamics as well as the assessment of model performance and sensitivity uncertainty analysis 6 Literature Cited Arceneaux J C Meselhe E and Waldon M 2007 The Arthur R Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge Water Budget and Water Quality Models U S Fish and Wildlife Service Boynton Beach FL Report No LOXA07 004 He G 2007 Efficiency of Stormwater Treatment Areas in Removing Contaminants Everglades National Park and University of Miami RSMAS MGG Homestead FL Jin K James R T Lung W Loucks D Park R Tisdale T 1998 Assessing Lake Okeechobee eutrophication with water quality models Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 124 22 30 Kadlec R H Knight R L 1996 Treatment Wetlands CRC Press Inc
8. canal Arceneaux et al 2007 These cells consist of the canal 996 acres and three inner marsh cells The first marsh cell Cell 1 encompasses the outer fringe of the Refuge marsh from the canal to 1 km into the interior 22 072 acres The second marsh cell Cell 2 encompasses the marsh between km and 4 km from the canal 55 353 acres The third marsh cell Cell 3 encompasses the remaining interior marsh area greater than 4 km from the canal 60 901 acres The RWQM is based on a simple constituent mass balance equation and a water budget model the Simplified Refuge Stage Model SRSM which projects canal and marsh stage hence the dynamics of volumes and water exchange from inflow outflow precipitation and evapotranspiration Meselhe et al 2007 The mass balance equation for a 1 dimensional stream used by WASP is shown below Arceneaux et al 2007 CAG 2 u ac BAL Als Sp AS x Ot Ox Ox where A is the cross sectional area m C is the concentration of the water quality constituent mg L t is time in days U is the longitudinal advective velocities in Center for Water Studies University of Louisiana Lafayette Meselhe louisiana edu z Currently C H Fenstermaker and Associates Inc Lafayette Louisiana U S Fish and Wildlife Service mike waldon fws gov RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual m day E is the longitudinal diffusion coefficients m day S 1s the total of direct loading rates in g m per
9. ction Do not change the fractions Time Volume pairs import the time series of hydrological processes from the input Excel file Define the apparent settling amounts of TP and SO under Solid 1 and Solid 2 also from the input Excel file 3 12 Boundaries Boundaries scroll the pull down menu to add canal for CBOD1 for TP CBOD2 for SO and Salinity for CL Then import the time series of inflow concentrations mg L for CL TP and SO from the CL boundary TP boundary and SO4 boundary worksheets in the input Excel file respectively Scale and Conversion Factors No change for the default 3 13 Output control Check both Output and CSV for Salinity as CL CBOD1 ultimate as TP and CBOD2 ultimate as SO4 You may also want to model export results for other model calculated items such as volume depth etc After this step the user is ready to execute the Refuge Water Quality Model Be sure the model is saved RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual Click the Execute Model button to run simulations Pay close attention to the result display window to see if your simulated parameters show error calculations Your simulations may have errors or even have crashed during the execution Below are common things to check to resolve runtime errors or crashes 4 MODEL EXECUTION and TROUBLE SHOOTING 1 Data period match check One of the reasons for a model crash is that the d
10. day S g 1s the boundary loading rates in g m per day and S K is the total kinetic transformation rate in g m per day 1 2 Model platform WASP The platform of the Refuge s simple water quality modeling is the U S Environmental Protection Agency s EPA Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program Version 7 2 WASP 7 2 hereafter referred to as simply WASP WASP is a dynamic compartmental model that allows users the ability to interpret and predict water quality responses due to natural and anthropogenic pollution US EPA 2006a The model includes the following data requirements water body hydrogeometry advective and dispersive flows settling and resuspension rates boundary concentrations pollutant loadings and initial conditions Arceneaux et al 2007 The area being modeled can be separated into multiple segments or compartments The segment volumes connectivity and type such as surface water must be known Each segment or compartment 1s modeled independently with the water quality constituents modeled as spatially constant within each segment Some benefits of selecting WASP include it is free to the public user friendly no computer programming experience required and it has been widely applied for both simple and complex water quality simulations For example WASP has been successfully used to examine phosphorus loading to Lake Okeechobee and eutrophication of Tampa Bay in Florida Jin et al 1998 Wang et al 1999
11. ec and Knight 1996 TC k C C kC ICH t where h is depth in m C is the concentration in g m k 1s the removal rate constant in m yr and C is the background pollutant concentration in g m For TP the c value for the canal was calibrated to be 80 ug L and the interior cells were calibrated to have a value of 8 ug L Arceneaux et al 2007 2 6 Total loading Total_loading worksheet The time series of total loads of CL TP and SO kg day for the four cells are calculated by summing wet and dry deposition loads Note for TP the KC load component is added as input into the loads module of the WASP model This worksheet updates automatically so user does not need to do anything 2 7 Apparent settling coefficient for SQ For SO modeling the C background concentration of sulfate in canal and marsh is assumed to be zero Therefore the loss of SO from the marsh water column is assumed to be estimated by a constant apparent settling coefficient K for each marsh cell to represent all the mechanisms of loss of SO by biological processes such as sulfate reduction Wang et al 2007 The settling coefficient for the canal is set to zero based on the assumption that SO is not settled or lost by biological processes such as SO reduction or plant uptake in the canal S settling worksheet The losses of SO for marsh cells are estimated from the product of the settling coefficient and areas of each m
12. for CBOD1 for TP CBOD2 for SO and Salinity for CL Then import the time series of loads for TP SO and CL from the Total Loading worksheet in the input Excel file Scale and Conversion Factors No change for the default Paddle 3 9 Time functions Not used for this model Skip this step s 3 10 Exchanges Define the dispersion coefficients for the exchanges between each segment pair The cross sectional areas were calculated using the perimeter of each cell and an estimated typical depth of 0 5 m for the interior cells and a depth of 2 m for the canal The lengths are calculated using the center point of adjoining segments cells Longitudinal RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual dispersion was calibrated to be equal to 22 m hr 6 1E 3 m sec Arceneaux et al 2007 The set values should not be changed however the user needs to change the start and ending dates to reflect the time period being simulated 3 11 Flows Flow Fields check for surface water Solid 1 for TP Solid 2 for SOs Evaporation Precipitation All flows should be in m sec conversion factor 1 If flows are in m day then conversion factor 0 00001 16 Functions Define the hydrological processes including transpiration outflow from canal inflow to canal canal seepage marsh seepage exchange flow between canal and marsh QMI2 Segment Pair define the fraction of flow for each segment pair under each fun
13. gical and water quality data for importing data into WASP through the use of an Excel file The name of the file is WASP _input_file xls There are a total of 13 worksheets in this file The hydrological data the user needs for the input file are obtained from the Water Budget Model SRSM Meselhe et al 2007 Arceneax et al 2007 Water quality data can be obtained from DBHYDRO database http www sfwmd gov org ema dbhydro or other sources for water quality constituents Details for file structure are described according to each worksheet in the Excel input file 2 1 Basic parameters the Constants worksheet In the Constants worksheet the user can find basic constants including total area of Refuge areas of canal and marsh areas of each individual cells in marsh m initial volumes of canal and marsh cells m initial depth in canal and marsh m percentage of evaporation and transpiration concentrations of CL TP and SO in rainfall mg L dry deposition rates of CL g m yr TP and SO mg m yr mass loading rates for TP in canal and marsh mg m 7 day and apparent settling coefficients of SO in three marsh cells in m yr Note these constants should NOT be changed because they are derived from the calibrated Water Budget Model SRSM and calibrated RWQM 2 2 Hydrological processes Time series of hydrological processes are typically copied from the water Mass Balance Model Arceneaux et al 2
14. in the canal of 2 m and a depth in the interior cells of 0 61 m The water depth in the interior cells was calculated by taking the observed water level in the marsh on January 1 1995 of 5 23 m and subtracting the average marsh elevation of 4 62 m The assigned volumes are 8 066 971 54 509 080 136 701 113 and 150 402 747 m for canal cell 1 cell 2 and cell 3 respectively Note that you need to change the initial volumes if modeling period not starting January 1 1995 Values consistent with the water balance model should be used 14 Segment type Surface Parameters No Change Initial Concentrations Give initial concentrations for all segments under Salinity for CL CBOD1 for TP and CBOD2 for SO All the initial concentrations are estimated from field observations RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual Fraction dissolved 1 for CL and TP 0 for SOx 3 5 Systems Check under Mass Balance to confirm the following CBOD1 for TP CBOD2 for SOs and Salinity for CL Not used for this model Skip this step 3 6 Parameters 3 7 Constants The constants used for the Refuge Water Quality Modeling are defined in the input Excel file and are used in calculating loads for data inputs Therefore the user needs to do nothing with this toolbar Skip this step 3 8 Loads S Loads scroll the pull down menu to add the 4 segments canal cell 1 cell 2 and cell 3
15. lts 2 3 Boundary concentrations In the WASP model the time series of boundary concentrations in mg l for CL TP and SO are required as inputs into canal These boundary concentrations are estimated from daily total CL TP and SO loads divided by total daily inflow volume into the canal this is equivalent to the flow weighted mean concentration Total daily inflow volume is the sum of all the inflows into the canal from all the hydraulic structures along the canal Total daily loads of CL TP and SO are estimated by summing all the loads from each hydraulic structure along the canal The daily load from each structure is estimated by multiplying daily inflow volume by the observed or interpolated concentrations of CL TP and SO of the inflow at the structure using data from DBHYDRO It should be noted that unlike the time series of inflows from each structure time series of concentrations of CL TP and SO of the inflows are usually not available measurements of these concentrations can be bi weekly monthly or even quarterly TP at major inflows is typically monitored using composite sampling In order to calculate daily time series of constituent loads it is necessary to interpolate the incomplete concentration data into complete daily time series Simple SAS and Excel programs for data interpolation are provided in the Appendix A and B 2 4 Wet and dry deposition loads Atmospheric loading from wet and dry deposition of CL
16. s to periodic estimates and 3 Interpolate linearly missing values in time series si a Ss Sgn sank ata ts Bet a bes ces eyes cha hapten ce tae Sheek Etta nese ak ih AS a X Read in data and variables _ i data samples infile g94c txt input date mmddyy10 measure format date mmddyy10 run Interpolate missing data ai proc expand data samples out daily to day id date Using Linear interpolation method join sj convert measure interpol method join run Merge interpolated data and observed data 7 data daily merge daily samples by date run Write out complete timeseries in a file g data null set daily file g94c dat put date yymmdd10 interpol 13 23 3 run quit 11 RWOQM Version 1 00 User s Manual Appendix A2 Interpolation using Excel VLOOKUP An example of interpolation using the Excel function VLOOKUP 1s available from Dr Mike Waldon 12
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