User Manual BSP Linux Debian 5.0 641 kb
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1. Linux Swap type 82h for the swap partition Note If using parted you might face the error unrecognised disk label which points to a corrupt bootsector In such a case use fdisk to partition the compact flash If you insist on using parted for example due to its better scriptability use fdisk once for the partitioning backup the bootsector with dd see below and restore overwrite the bootsector on further un initialised compact flash cards before starting parted Backup bootsector host dd if dev sdb of bootsector_blank bin bs 512 count 1 Restore bootsector host dd if bootsector_blank bin of dev sdb bs 512 count 1 Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 7 19 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 14 3 2 Step 2 Create filesystem and initialise swap disk Initialise format the system partition and initialise swap partition if available host mkfs ext3 dev sdbl host mkswap dev sdb2 14 3 3 Step 3 Copy base image First mount the compact flash card host mount dev sdb1 mnt compactflash First mount the compact flash card And then unpack the base image using cfmaster host mount dev sdb1 mnt compactflash host scripts cfmaster sh restore base_image tar bz2 mnt compactflash Alternatively you could decompress and untar the archive to an empty folder and copy the files manually 14 3 4 S2. excluded M gt module lt gt Prompt for development and or incomplete code drivers sys81 Local version append to kernel release Automatically append version information to the version strin Support for paging of anonymous memory swap System V IPC POSIX Message Queues BSD Process Accounting BSD Process Accounting version 3 file format Export task process statistics through netlink EXPERIMENTAL Enable per task delay accounting EXPERIMENTAL lt Exit gt Figure 3 Kernel Configuration Window Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 25 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 17 2 3 Debian Kernel Package Building You can start to build the kernel with the following commands This might take 2 3 hours to complete depending on your kernel configuration host make kpkg clean host fakeroot make kpkg initrd kernel_image This builds a debian archive deb package that can be installed on the target system with dpkg package manager tool 17 2 4 Debian Kernel Package Installation In order to install the new kernel copy the package to the target machine for example by means of ssh host sep linux image 2 6 26_1 0_1386 deb root 192 168 1 37 linux image AO Om O cloniceb And install the package on the target PC netipe dokg i linux image 2 6 26_1 0_i386 deb In cas
3. described below will adhere to it Kernel sources are available under usr src linux source 2 6 26 Certain compilation scripts rather expect a path like usr src linux so that creating a symbolic link is recommended host da s usr src linux 2 6 26 usr src linux Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 24 35 User Guide Debian Linux ei Sys ogi C IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 17 2 Building your own kernel the Debian way Debian has its own tools for building a kernel image Syslogic recommends you to use this tools when making changes to the kernel configuration 17 2 1 Prerequisites The following packages might already be installed on your system host aptitude install build essential bzip2 fakeroot initramfs tools kernel package libncurses5 dev wget 17 2 2 Kernel Configuration host make menuconfig A kernel configuration dialog appears on screen It is important to give your kernel package a unique name like shown in the following figure Note the sys06 entry in the General Setup submenu of the kernel configuration program File Edit View Terminal Tabs Help General setup Arrow keys navigate the menu lt Enter gt selects submenus gt Highlighted letters are hotkeys Pressing lt Y gt includes lt N gt excludes lt M gt modularizes features Press lt Esc gt lt Esc gt to exit lt gt for Help lt gt for Search Legend built in
4. loopback auto eth0 ethl HERES FE TE PEERS REE HEE HERE FE AE FE TE FE FE HE FE AE FE TE HE FE E FE TE FE TE HE FE E FE E E E E EEE automatic network configuration DHCP uncomment to enable comment out to disable FEFE AE HE FE FE FE TE HE FE E FE FE FE TE EEE HEE HERRERA EEE EEE HEE FE TE HE FE E FE E E E E E E EH iface eth0 inet dhcp iface ethl inet dhcp HHPEEREEPHEERHEER HERRERA REE EE EERE RHEE SHEE H static network configuration uncomment to enable comment out to disable HERE REEREERER HERES EEE HEE RHR RHEE REE HEHE RHE REE HEE EH iface ethO inet static address 92 168 1 40 netmask DS 5 299 5 255 5 0 network O2 o ILS lO broadcast Oo ee lo A5 gateway C2 a LSE 5 iface ethl inet static address 92 168 2 41 netmask 2202 Doe 60 network 2 Ile 6 2 0 broadcast Cee oO gateway 02 168 24 Important note Unconnected ethernet ports assigned to DHCP will delay the boot process considerably due to the long timeout of the DHCP client daemon up to one minute It is recommended to either disable DHCP i e assigning static IP addresses on unused ports or to disable such an interface altogether to speed up boot time Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 10 35 aa User Guide Debian Linux Q IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 8 Window manager desktop environment 8 1 Default window manager fluxbox Due to performance and dis
5. ok u unpacked but unconfigured f failed configuration h half installed More package commands dpkg i packet deb Install packet deb dpkg r packet deb Remove packet deb keep configuration files dpkg P packet deb Remove packet deb also delete configuration files dpkg reconfigure packet deb Reconfigure packet deb dpkg S filename Search for package that contains filename dpkg s packet Show packet status dpkg L packet Show files of a packet 6 2 Advanced Paket Manager APTITUDE The packet manager Aptitude knows how to resolve package dependencies and is the preferred way of installing or removing single packages or package groups aptitude search keyword Search in all available packages for a keyword aptitude show package Show all package infos aptitude update Update the package list aptitude install package Install a package aptitude remove package Remove a package without config files aptitude purge package Remove a package with all config files aptitude clean Clears the package cache var cache apt archives aptitude autoclean Clears old packets from the package cache Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden D ttwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 8 35 User Guide Debian Linux ei L IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 6 3 Optional Software Packages 6 3 1 General remarks There is no intention to give an overview over the several thousand packages available for Debian Use internet search machin
6. the client and the server must have been configured to allow the client to access the volume 13 3 How to exchange files over the Network with SCP If you want to copy a file from one machine to another machine target machine has IP 192 168 1 228 user root netipc scp filename root 192 168 1 228 filename Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 17 35 IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 14 Linux System Deployment 14 1 Backup and Deploy a System Image If you need to store the contents of your Compact Flash for backup purposes it is recommended to compress the image Start the Virtual Debian host see section 5 insert the compact flash card into the reader assumed at dev sdb and compress the flash card into a file on the host Debian linux system You don t need to mount the flash card reader host dd if dev sdb gzip 9 gt myimage gz The 9 option is for maximum compression If you want to rewrite the image file to the compact flash then use the command host dd if myimage gz gunzip dd of dev sdb Tip If you have a lot of free CF disk space and want to improve compression ratios you can do a little trick before compression As the free disk space on the CF card may have randomly assigned bits the compression result is poor You can fill up the free disk space with zeros 0 this will lead to much better compression ratios netipc dd if dev zero of myzero
7. your own Startup Scripts into the Boot Process Debian provides the following mechanism for customisation Suppose a system needs to execute script foo on start up or on entry to a particular System V runlevel Then the system administrator should Enter the script foo into the directory etc init d Run the Debian command update rc d with appropriate arguments to set up links between the command line specified directories rc d and etc init d foo Here is a number from 0 through 6 that corresponds to one of the System V runlevels Reboot the system The command update re d will set up links between files in the directories rc d and the script in etc init d Each link will begin with an S or a K followed by a number followed by the name of the script Scripts beginning with S in etc rcN d are executed when runlevel N is entered Scripts beginning with a K are executed when leaving runlevel N One might for example cause the script foo to execute at boot up by putting it in etc init d and installing the links with update rc d foo defaults 19 The argument defaults refers to the default runlevels which are 2 through 5 The argument 19 ensures that foo is called before any scripts containing numbers 20 or larger 16 4 Making a Program running faster Priorities Of course If you have a program that normally takes quite a while to run and you really need it to complete faster you can boost its job pr
8. Debian Linux Document Order Code IPC DEBIAN 50A Tle mwera eracy System SS t C debian 3 0 Release 5 0 Lenny Revision Datum Autor Modifikation 1 0 22 03 2010 P Brunner First release 1 1 17 06 2010 P Brunner Note on display resolution settings added Content 1 Introduction 1 1 Abstract 1 2 Sources of Information 1 3 Supported Hardware 1 4 Conventions 2 Getting Started 2 1 System preparation 2 2 Booting Debian Linux 2 3 Kernel arguments 2 4 User and Password Configuration 3 Overview of Installed Software 4 Syslogic Drivers and Sample Programs 5 Virtual Host 5 1 General 5 2 Installation 6 Debian Software Management 6 1 Basic Paket Manager dpkg 6 2 Advanced Paket Manager APTITUDE 6 3 Optional Software Packages 6 3 1 General remarks 6 3 2 Sun Java 6 3 3 MySQL Server 6 4 Localization 7 Network setup 8 Window manager desktop environment 8 1 Default window manager fluxbox 8 2 Optional desktop environments GNOME and KDE 8 3 console mode only 9 Serial Port Configuration 9 1 Driver Configuration 9 2 Support for more than 4 Serial Ports 9 3 Console on Serial Port 9 4 Console Keyboard Configuration NN A ALUN nv VO O O O Oo OHO oo 11 11 11 11 10 CAN Port Configuration 10 1 Driver Configuration Hilscher cifX Cards 11 1 Driver Configuration 11 2 Firmware and configuration files 11 3 Using the driver 12 Audio Subsystem 12 1 D
9. IPC NETSBC6 are equipped with an audio option Audio support on those boards has to be explicitly enabled by either loading the module netipc modprobe snd cs5535audio Or by removing commenting out the entry in the modprobe blacklist netipc vim etc modprobe d blacklist This file lists modules which will not be loaded as the result of alias expansion with the purpose of preventing the hotplug subsystem to load them It does not affect autoloading of modules by the kernel This file is provided by the udev package do not load snd cs5535audio automatically when CS5535 is detected as it may yield lots of errors when no codec is mounted on the board instead comment out following line if you would like to enable the driver blacklist snd cs5535audio 12 2 Installing and using ALSA Further you will need to install basic ALSA tools with netipce apt get install alsa base alsa utils Now you may use tools like alsamixer netipc alsamixer Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 15 35 User Guide Debian Linux A Sys I ogi C IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 13 Network Filesystem 13 1 Mounting a Windows Shared Drive In case you need to copy a file from your Windows host system into the Debian Filesystem you can setup your host directory as a shared directory Right click on the folder you want to share and click on Properties then choose the Sharing tab DEVELOPMEN
10. T Properties 2x General Sharing Customize m Local sharing and security PE To share this folder with other users of this computer gagranecnveccongeraaorcanseconsceccsesesesey To make this folder and its subfolders private so that only you have access select the following check box F Make this folder private M Network sharing and security To share this folder with both network users and other users of this computer select the first check box below and type a share name IV Share this folder on the network Share name ja IV Allow network users to change my files Learn more about sharing and security Windows Firewall is configured to allow this folder to be shared with other computers on the network View pour Windows Firewall settings Cancel Apply Figure 2 Setting up a Windows Shared folder In your VMware Debian virtual machine you can access the shared drive from a shell and mount it into the Linux directory mnt winhost netipc mount t cifs 192 168 1 153 d mnt winhost o username Administrator password Note Please substitute the sample IP address from the command above with your Windows host IP address Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 16 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 13 2 NFS mounting a Linux Shared Drive 13 2 1 Installing NFS in Debian Making your computer an NFS ser
11. bleshooting 19 1 19 2 19 3 19 4 19 5 Introduction General bootproblems How to show all kernel messages during startup Console is partially visible only distorted Kernel hanged waiting for root file system 20 References 21 Contact Information Disclaimer 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 31 i 7 N User Guide Debian Linux W IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 1 1 introduction 1 1 Abstract This user guide describes how use the Debian GNU Linux Distribution Release 5 0 code name Lenny on the x86 industrial computer systems from Syslogic Debian is a free operating system Its primary form Debian GNU Linux is a popular and influential Linux distribution Debian is known for its adherence to the Unix and free software philosophies and for its abundance of options the current release includes over eighteen thousand software packages for eleven computer architectures ranging from the ARM architecture commonly found in embedded systems and the IBM eServer zSeries mainframe architecture to the more common Intel x86 architecture found in modern personal computers Debian GNU Linux is the basis for several other distributions including Knoppix Linspire MEPIS Xandros and the Ubuntu family Debian is also known for its package management system especially APT for its strict policies regarding its packages and the quality of its releases These practices afford easy upgrades between releases a
12. cerning some system peripherals that are missing This is dependent on your guest computer development PC You can just click ok to ignore the messages When the virtual machine presents the login window login with username root and password root Important to Know You must click into the virtual PC window in order to give the virtual PC the keyboard focus If you want to transfer the keyboard focus back to the guest PC press Alt Ctrl Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 7 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 6 Debian Software Management We just give a brief overview of the main commands The basic dumb packet manager under Debian is dpkg whereas aptitude works on top of dpkg and also resolves package dependencies 6 1 Basic Paket Manager dpkg Command for package listing dpkg 1 List installed packages dpkg 1 List all available and installed packages The resulting package list shows the version number and the installation status of the packages re hotplug 0 0 20040329 26 Linux Hotplug Scripts ii iamerican 3 1 2070 4 3 An American English dictionary for ispell In the first row you see the desired paket action u unknown i install r remove delete without config p purge delete with config In the second row you see the current paket status n not installed i installed c not installed anymore but configfiles
13. chnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 29 35 User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 20 References 1 Syslogic IPC NETIPC 6A User Documentation Document Order Code DOC IPC_NETIPC6 E available from Syslogic Datentechnik AG 2 Linux Device Drivers Third edition from http www oreilly com catalog linuxdrive3 3 Debian GNU Linux Anwenderhandbuch German only from http debiananwenderhandbuch de 4 Debian GNU Linux Heike Jurzik 2 Auflage 2007 ISBN 978 9 8362 1075 1 5 Syslogic IPC CRATER 10A User Documentation Document Order Code DOC IPC_CRATER 10A available from Syslogic Datentechnik AG Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch oN R 30 35 User Guide Debian Linux ei IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 21 Contact Information Disclaimer Our distributors and system integrators will gladly give you any information about our products and their use If you want to contact the manufacturer directly please send a fax or email message containing a short description of your application and your request to the following address or use one of the information or technical support request forms on our internet homepage Syslogic is grateful for any help referring to errors or suggestions for improvements The following registered trademarks licences are used GPL General Public Licence GNU GNU is Not Unix Free Software Foundat
14. disk space is sufficient Make room on the disk by removing unwanted packages if required In case there is still not enough space for the packages you would like to install contact the manufacturer for ordering a larger compact flash card 8 3 console mode only In case you would like to get rid of the window manager and X server altogether and wish to use the system in console mode remove the packages with netipc aptitude remove fluxbox netipc aptitude remove xserver xorg Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 11 35 aa User Guide Debian Linux Q IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 9 Serial Port Configuration 9 1 Driver Configuration The Syslogic CPU boards are equipped with a 16C550A compatible UART The driver of the serial ports is compiled into the kernel Note The standard Debian kernel only supports a maximum of 4 serial ports Syslogic has recompiled the standard debian kernel for you to enable a total of 10 serial ports e g to use the IPC SIC4 4 port serial cards The program setserial is used to set or retrieve configuration of the serial devices The configuration file etc serial conf hosts the current configuration settings for all serial ports Syslogic has written a Serial Driver Manual that details the serial driver setup and configuration 9 2 Support for more than 4 Serial Ports If more than 4 serial ports are available in the system the parame
15. dules In contrast to earlier releases of Debian for Syslogic products drivers for Syslogic modules and peripherals are integrated into the kernel tree In the linux kernel configuration dialog they can be enabled disabled under Device Drivers gt SYSLOGIC support Building and installing is done implicitly when compiling the kernel On the next reboot the modules will be loaded according to the modutils configuration file etc modules You need to edit that file if you want to load a new module Also the module parameters are stored in this file Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 28 35 User Guide Debian Linux ei L IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 19 Troubleshooting 19 1 Introduction This distribution was set up and tested with care however due to the complexity there is still a small chance that things do not work out as intended This guide will lead through some potential pitfalls For other troubles various internet resources provide advice and several useful books exist see references Otherwise contact our friendly support team to get help 19 2 General bootproblems GRUB the bootloader provides an inbuilt editor which lets you change the kernel boot parameters on the fly When the bootloader shows up the various options just move the selection up or down with the cursor keys and hit e to edit any option Move the cursor to the line starting with kernel and hi
16. e the package system will ask whether you would like to stop installation because there is a kernel with the same version installed already answer no The installer will now setup the kernel resolve the module dependencies build the initial ramdisk and finally update the entries in the GRUB bootloader configuration 17 3 Building your own kernel the rough method This section is here for documentation purposes only You should not use the raw procedure when building a new kernel for your system Instead Syslogic recommends you to skip this section and use the instructions from the previous section Building your own kernel the Debian method If you already have the kernel sources installed into usr src inux so the following subsection installing the kernel is not necessary to execute Installing the kernel netipc cd usr src netipc wget ftp ftp kernel org pub linux kernel v2 6 linux Dales 8S atecue D22 netioc tar ave Linus 2 6 7 tar b22 netipe In s usr sre linux 2 6 7 linux Patching the kernel optional netipc cd usr src linux netipc patch plil lt path_to_patchfile Configuring the kernel netipc make menuconfig Building the kernel Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 26 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux er IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 netipc make Installing the kernel modules drivers netipc make modu
17. el module manually netipc modprobe uio_netx Or append the module uio_netx to etc modules if it is not already available By default this line is commented out driver disabled 11 2 Firmware and configuration files CifX boards require a strictly defined folder structure where the bootloader firmware and warmstart parameters are stored Example folder structure netipc tree opt cifx opt cifx NXCIF50 RTE bin l cifX0 log deviceconfig 1270100 20028 l channelO cifxecm nxf device conf The top directory opt cifx contains the bootloader e g NXCIF50 RTE bin Below that the device configurations are stored each in a separate folder structure composed of the board function number e g 1270100 and the serial number e g 20028 In channelO the firmware for the protocol stack is kept The example shown above is contained on the target under opt cifx and must be individually adopted for your specific board 11 3 Using the driver A sample application cifxsample detects the presence of a card and performs initialisation For further information regarding programming and usage of Hilscher cards please contact our support netipc cifxsample Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 14 35 sa N User Guide Debian Linux Q IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 12 Audio Subsystem 12 1 Driver Configuration Certain variants of IPC NETIPC6 and
18. es or Aptitude to look for a specific piece of software Nevertheless for some popular optional packages the installation steps are provided below 6 3 2 Sun Java See the list of available packages for Sun Java netipc aptitude search sun Jjava Install e g Sun Java 6 Runtime Environment approx 120MB netipc aptitude install sun java6 jre 6 3 3 MySQL Server Install latest version of MySQL Server for Debian approx 120MB netipc aptitude install mysql server 6 4 Localization You might want to change the language of the Debian Software This can be easily done with the Debian Package reconfiguration tool netipc dpkg reconfigure locales Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 9 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 7 Network setup All ethernet interfaces are preconfigured automatically requesting an IP address from your router by means of DHCP Changes to this configuration for example using static IP addresses instead of DHCP have to be applied to the file etc network interfaces see example below To restart networking after configuration changes type netipc etc init d networking restart Example etc network interfaces This file describes the network interfaces available on your system and how to activate them For more information see interfaces 5 The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet
19. file bin It might be necessary to manually end this process with Ctrl C when the disk is full use df to check for disk space in another console Note This procedure will not work when trying to clone a system to a different compact flash card as the real sizes of the cards might be slightly different 14 2 Backup of the Master Boot Record Before doing some changes to the Compact Flash card e g updating the GRUB bootloader you might want to backup the master boot record MBR of the card The following command reads the first 446 bytes of a Compact Flash cards MBR attached to the USB card reader of the host system and writes them into a sample file called bootsector bin for backup purposes netipc dd if dev sdb of bootsector bin bs 1 count 446 If you need to reproduce the MBR again you can issue the following command Netipc dd if bootsector bin of dev sdb bs 1 count 446 Note that even if the MBR of the Compact Flash card is actually 512 bytes large we only take the first 446 bytes because the last bytes contain the partition table that may change between different Compact Flash cards Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch User Guide Debian Linux ei L 18 35 User Guide Debian Linux amp IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 14 3 Deploying a System Image in archive format Important Note The procedure described below relies on low level system tools which are
20. ilable for others restrict default nomodify nopeer reserict 127 00 oil The NTP daemon randomly selects a time server from the pool Synchronize time manually netipc ntpd q g Lookup NTP time from distant server netipc ntpdate 0 de pool ntp org 14 Nov 13 57 56 ntpdate 15558 the NTP socket is in use exiting Eventually you might want to also update the hardware clock else the system might have a completely wrong time after the next reboot and until it has synchronized over NTP netipc hwclock systohc 16 2 set_rtc_mmss Console Message It might be that you see the console message set_rtc_mmss can t update from 54 to 5 on your system What does that message mean The function set_rtc_mmss updates minutes and seconds of the CMOS clock from system time It does not update the hour or date to avoid problems with timezones The message shown was added to make users and implementers aware of the problem that not all time updates will succeed Imagine the system time is 17 56 23 while the CMOS clock is already at 18 03 45 Updating just minutes and seconds would set the hardware clock to 18 56 23 a wrong value The solution for this problem is to set the hardware clock with the command hwclock systohc to the right date time values Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 22 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 16 3 Linking
21. ion The content and presentation of this document has been carefully checked No responsibility is accepted for any errors or omissions in the documentation Note that this application note is constantly revised and improved The right to change this documentation at any time without notice is therefore reserved Syslogic Datentechnik AG Tafernstrasse 28 CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland Email support syslogic ch www _http www syslogic ch Tel 41 56 200 90 40 Fax 41 56 200 90 50 Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 31 35
22. iority level so that it uses more processor cycles This means that all other currently executing programs will run slower But if this is what you want the nice command will do the job for you Linux supports priority levels from 19 lowest to 20 highest with the default being 0 To change the priority to a negative number increasing the priority you must first log in as root Then to start a program called Myprog with a high priority level of 10 use the command netipce nice n 10 myprog If you wish to increase the priority of an already running program use the renice command identifying the program by its PID the n argument is not used netipc renice 10 506 Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 23 35 User Guide Debian Linux ei L IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 17 Linux kernel 17 1 Basics The pre installed kernel is derived from the standard Debian kernel 2 6 26 with following changes non conclusive list e compiled with kernel pre emption enabled e patched with Hilscher netX UIO driver e integration of Syslogic drivers While in theory the kernel can be built on the target itself too performance and or memory limits might become a bottleneck especially during development when re compilation has to performed often Therefore the recommended method is to use the virtual host in order to perform heavy load tasks As this is the preferred way the steps
23. ipc Root administrator account Table 5 Preconfigured user accounts Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 4 35 User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 3 Overview of Installed Software The Debian Linux image on the Compact Flash card contains a standard Debian software setup with base tools and utilities installed The following list details a few features of the image Linux kernel 2 6 26 inclusive sources and configuration files GRUB bootloader Binutils and GNU Compiler Tools Fluxbox window manager Iceweasel Firefox Web Browser with Sun Java6 Plugin installed FTP Telnet SSH Servers installed NTP client Drivers installed for Syslogic on board peripherals and add on boards Driver installed for Hilscher cifX add on boards 4 Syslogic Drivers and Sample Programs Sample program sources for the CPU boards and extension boards can be found in the directory usr src on your target s filesystem At the same place the Linux kernel source is stored The sources are available on the product DVD ROM as well Important Note For infos concerning the Syslogic drivers and sample programs please read the additional documentation which is contained in the folder DOCUMENTATION in the Virtual Host Please also read the chapter Building and Installing Syslogic Modules from the current document Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Swit
24. k capacity considerations the light weight window manager fluxbox is pre installed Start fluxbox with netipc startx Important Note To maintain maximum compatibility across the different display solutions the highest common resolution of 640x480 pixels is configured by default but other resolutions higher and lower are defined as well Cycle through the configured resolutions with lt CTRL gt lt ALTS gt lt NUMPAD_PLUS gt lt NUMPAD_MINUS gt Edit etc X11 xorg conf to change the order of the resolutions or to add remove settings Each bit depth has its own set of resolutions By default the X server will choose the first resolution defined in such a line but will create a virtual desktop which covers the maximum defined resolution Therefore only a part of the desktop might be visible Use the mouse to pan around the whole desktop area 8 2 Optional desktop environments GNOME and KDE In case you prefer to install a full desktop environment this can easily be accomplished by running the commands For GNOME desktop environment netipce aptitude install gnome And for KDE respectively netipc aptitude install kde In order to un install any of above listed desktop environments just re run aptitude with the option remove instead of install Important Note Dependencies for GNOME KDE will download and install a considerable amount of packages over GB of data Before confirming the download make sure
25. les_install The modules will be installed to lib modules kernelversion Make an initial ramdisk image netipc mkinitramfs o boot initrd img KVERSION KVERSION Where KVERSION is the kernel version string found and modified in usr src linux Makefile Copy kernel files to to boot directory installing kernel netipc cd usr src linux netipc cp arch i386 boot bzImage boot vmlinuz KVERSION netipc cp System map boot System map KVERSION Edit Bootloader GRUB to boot into the new kernel image netipc vi boot grup menu list Edit this file according to templates 17 3 1 Hint Mount Kernel Sources over NFS When compiling the kernel on the target it is a good practice to mount the kernel with NFS over TCP IP from a host PC into the target system PC because the sources need about 250MB disk space Doing so you have also the advantage of compiling the kernel on the fast host PC 17 3 2 Hint Log Build Output into a File Kernel compilation brings a lot of output to the screen You may want so save this output for debugging purposes and also see the duration of the build process maybe for benchmarking purposes Then you could use the following command to build the kernel netipc time make tee kernelbuild log Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 27 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 18 Building and Installing Syslogic Mo
26. nd easy automated installation and removal of packages Debian uses an open development and testing process It is developed by volunteers from around the world and supported by donations through Software in the Public Interest Inc a non profit umbrella organization for free software projects 1 2 Sources of Information We recommend to use this application note combined with the Debian Linux Anwenderhandbuch 3 only German version available This book is much more detailed and general than this user s guide while this user s guide focuses on the specific parts of our products 7 User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 1 3 Supported Hardware Following Syslogic CPU and extension boards are supported in this release Platform architecture Syslogic product s Vortex x86 based IPC NETIPC 4x AMD Geode based IPC NETIPC 6x IPC NETSBC 6x Intel Atom based IPC NETSBC 7x Table 1 Supported CPU boards Description Syslogic product s Relais board IPC REL12 1Ax Digital IO board IPC DIO32 1Ax CAN boards IPC COMPACGP 1Fx FBC CANCORE 2x Table 2 Supported expansion boards 1 4 Conventions In this document console input is shown with a leading prompt While both the development and the target system are based on the same the Linux distribution most of the commands will work the same way on either system To distinguish to which sy
27. netipce insmod lincan ko hw gensjal000i0 gensjal000io irq 6 6 io 0x7600 0x7700 or edit the file etc modules etc modules kernel modules to load at boot time This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded at boot time one per line Lines beginning with are ignored Parameters can be specified after the module name uncomment and adapt following line to enable CAN support lincan hw gensjal000io0 gensjal000io irq 6 6 io 0x7600 0x7700 The examples show the configuration for a board which is equipped with 2 IO mapped SJA1000 controllers Run modinfo to see a full list of options netipc modinfo lincan For the PeliCAN mode substitute the module gensjal000io with syslsjal000pio in the examples above For your convinience the kernel module comes precompiled and installed The lincan utilities like rxtx sendburst and others are stored under usr bin In case you would like to compile the driver yourself the source code is contained within the virtual host under user src lincan 0 3 4 syslogic along with some hints in the file README SYSLOGIC Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch User Guide Debian Linux ei L 13 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 11 Hilscher cifX Cards 11 1 Driver Configuration For cifX boards from Hilscher the uio_netx kernel module must be loaded Either load the kern
28. river Configuration 12 2 Installing and using ALSA 13 Network Filesystem 13 1 Mounting a Windows Shared Drive 13 2 NFS mounting a Linux Shared Drive 13 2 1 Installing NFS in Debian 13 2 2 NFS Server Configuration 13 2 3 NFS Client Configuration 13 3 How to exchange files over the Network with SCP 14 Linux System Deployment 14 1 Backup and Deploy a System Image 14 2 Backup of the Master Boot Record 14 3 Deploying a System Image in archive format 14 3 1 Step 1 Preparing the compact flash card 14 3 2 Step 2 Create filesystem and initialise swap disk 14 3 3 Step 3 Copy base image 14 3 4 Step 4 Install bootloader 14 3 5 Step 5 Copy specific image 14 3 6 Step 6 Finishing 15 Remote Shell 15 1 Remote Shell with SSH 16 Date and Time with NTP Network Time Protocol 16 1 NTP Setup and Configuration 16 2 set_rtc_mmss Console Message 16 3 Linking your own Startup Scripts into the Boot Process 16 4 Making a Program running faster Priorities 17 Linux kernel 17 1 Basics 17 2 Building your own kernel the Debian way 17 2 1 Prerequisites 17 2 2 Kernel Configuration 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 25 17 3 17 2 3 Debian Kernel Package Building 17 2 4 Debian Kernel Package Installation Building your own kernel the rough method 17 3 1 Hint Mount Kernel Sources over NFS 17 3 2 Hint Log Build Output into a File 18 Building and Installing Syslogic Modules 19 Trou
29. stem a specific command should be applied the shell prompt will be different and will not necessarily reflect the actual prompt you will see Prompt indicating input to the target system netipc Prompt indicating input to the host system development PC host Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 2 35 sa N User Guide Debian Linux Q IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 2 Getting Started This chapter will give you a quick start on how to get Debian Linux running on the IPC NETIPC or IPC NETSBC CPU boards 2 1 System preparation Open your industrial PC IPC and plug the Compact flash card into the corresponding socket of the CPU board Close the IPC and connect an USB keyboard USB mouse optional and a VGA monitor Power up the IPC and press and hold the Delete key on the keyboard to enter the system BIOS screen Select Basic CMOS Configuration where you have to enter the following settings Parameter Value Boot 1 Drive C IDE 0 3 AUTOCONFIG LBA Table 3 BIOS Settings Hit ESC to leave the configuration screen and select Write to CMOS and Exit confirm with Y or Z key Now the system should boot into the GRUB bootloader and eventually start Debian Linux You do not always have to change these CMOS settings when booting Linux as these CMOS settings are stored permanently if the battery is inserted and operational If yo
30. suitable for experienced linux users only Any typo or mistake might ruin your system It is highly recommended to backup your Linux host system virtual machine before proceeding Syslogic provides system images in archived format TAR compressed with bzip2 Such a system image consists of two files 1 base generic image main system image containing Debian base system and kernel 2 specific image contains customisation for a specific platform delta image with respect to the base image The installation guide below assumes that the compact flash card is available under the device node dev sdb Make sure you are substituting all occurrences with the actual device node for the compact flash card reader on your system dmesg might help you find out Further it is assumed that partition 1 dev sdb1 becomes your system disk while partition 2 dev sdb2 is your swap partition You will also need a mount point for the compact flash Any empty directory serves this purpose for example mnt compactflash 14 3 1 Step 1 Preparing the compact flash card Partition your compact flash card with the tool of your choice e g fdisk or parted according to your needs It is recommended to create a swap partition size depending on RAM available in your system host fdisk dev sdb or parted dev sdb Follow the on screen instructions Choose type Linux type 83h for the system partition do not forget to set the bootable flag and
31. t e again Edit the line according to your needs and if you are done hit b to boot the current selection Note those settings are temporarly only To make them permanent edit boot grub menu Ist 19 3 How to show all kernel messages during startup Enter the GRUB boot menu as described earlier and remove the entry quiet from the kernel parameters 19 4 Console is partially visible only distorted Framebuffer settings are fixed for a specific display resolution Enter the GRUB boot menu as described earlier and in the kernel parameters change the entry vga xxx to vga ask to get an overview of the possible display modes Or remove the entry vga xxx altogether to get the basic 80x25 console 19 5 Kernel hanged waiting for root file system Most probably this hang is caused by a wrong value for the kernel parameter root dev xxx Depending on which driver claims control over the IDE subsystem either the generic driver or the newer libata pata driver will be loaded Unfortunately latter is using the SCSI subsystem which is using the dev sdx naming scheme while the old generic IDE driver uses the dev hdx naming During the transition between those systems ongoing in kernel development it is difficult to predict which naming will be appropriate The rule of thumb is if e g root dev hdal does not work try root dev sdal Or vice versa For the default kernel installed GRUB is configured correctly Syslogic Datente
32. target NETIPC Host PC setup host ssh keygen t dsa In the dialog just agree with the default settings Copy the just created file id_dsa pub to the target system NETIPC Maybe this file is located in a subdirectory of root Target NETIPC setup netipce cat id_dsa pub gt gt root ssh authorized_keys2 Now you can do a hosts essin U92 eG e aie 2 28 from the host PC without being prompted for login and password You can even start graphical applications on the remote station with ssh To do this you simply type host ssh X 19271681 228 host tuxeyes The X stands for something like graphical session on remote host Tuxeyes is just an example of a program with graphical output running on the remote station Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 21 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 16 Date and Time with NTP Network Time Protocol 16 1 NTP Setup and Configuration NTP is a a means of transmitting time signals over a computer network It can keep your clock up to date even if there s no battery backing up the system clock etc ntp conf is the configuration file for the NTP daemon Here is a sample one netipc cat etc ntp conf driftfile var lib ntp ntp drift server 0 de pool ntp org server 1 de pool ntp org server 2 de pool ntp org server 3 de pool ntp org do not make NTP services ava
33. tep 4 Install bootloader Install the bootloader with grub install note the double dashes preluding the options host grub install recheck root directory mnt compactflash dev sdb The grub probe error can be ignored as long as the command shows a list of devices e g hd0 dev sda at the end The device map written to the compact flash is invalid but will be fixed in the next step 14 3 5 Step 5 Copy specific image The specific image will apply platform or device dependent customisation host scripts cfmaster sh restore specific_image tar bz2 mnt compactflash 14 3 6 Step 6 Finishing Unmount the compact flash host umount dev sdb1 Now the compact flash can be safely removed from the compact flash card reader Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 20 35 i er N User Guide Debian Linux IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 15 Remote Shell 15 1 Remote Shell with SSH Secure Shell or SSH is a network protocol that allows data to be exchanged over a secure channel between two computers Encryption provides confidentiality and integrity of data SSH is typically used to log into a remote machine and execute commands First install the ssh package with apt get if it s not already installed netipce apt get install ssh SSH Secure Shell is the preferred tool for login on your target NETIPC Do the following for a password free login from the host PC into the
34. ter 8250 nr_uarts x has to be appended to the kernel command line where x states the total number of UARTs to be supported Additionally in etc modules the line 8250_fourport needs to be added uncommented and finally in etc serial conf the ports have to be configured properly see examples 9 3 Console on Serial Port It might be useful to enable a console on the serial port to test if the driver has correctly initialized all ports This can be configured with the etc inittab file netipc cat etc inittab Example how to put a getty on a serial line for a terminal T0 23 respawn sbin getty L ttySO 57600 vt100 T0 23 respawn sbin getty L ttyS1 57600 vt100 With this setup you can connect to the Debian Linux system COM1 and COM2 with a terminal program from a remote host at 57600 baud 9 4 Console Keyboard Configuration If you want another keymap change directory to usr share keymaps i386 qwertz and install your favourite keymap with netipc install keymap keymapname kmap gz Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 12 35 IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 10 CAN Port Configuration 10 1 Driver Configuration Some Syslogic CPU boards are equipped with up to 2 Philips NXP SJA1000 CAN controller which are supported by the lincan project As of lincan version 0 3 4 the generic driver gensja1000io can be used for basic CAN mode Either load the kernel module manually
35. u change the battery you must redo the correct settings 2 2 Booting Debian Linux GRUB the bootloader will show a selection of different kernel versions configurations Choose the one corresponding to your hardware configuration Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden Dattwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 3 35 User Guide Debian Linux L IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 2 3 Kernel arguments Default kernel arguments which are passed from GRUB were chosen in a conservative manner Nevertheless some arguments might be useful Kernel argument Description single Boot in single user mode a k a maintenance mode quiet Suppress verbose kernel output only display error messages vga ask Present a table of display modes before booting the kernel Vga XXX Use framebuffer console e g vga 794 for 1280x1024 16 bit 8250 nr_uarts x Number of UARTs if more than 4 see 9 2 console x Put system console on serial port e g console ttyS0 57600 8 n 1 Table 4 Kernel arguments Important Note When booting into the linux kernel the kernel argument acpi off should be passed by the bootloader to the linux kernel The bootloader GRUB is already configured to boot with this argument 2 4 User and Password Configuration The Syslogic Linux release is configured with the following main accounts Username Password Description netipc netipc Standard normal user account root net
36. ver or client is very easy A Debian NFS client needs netipce aptitude install nfs common portmap while a Debian NFS server needs host aptitude install nfs kernel server nfs common portmap 13 2 2 NFS Server Configuration NFS exports from a server are controlled by the file etc exports Each line begins with the absolute path of a directory to be exported followed by a space separated list of allowed clients etc exports home 192 168 1 rw no_root_squash A client can be specified either by name or IP address Wildcards are allowed in names as are netmasks e g 24 following IP addresses but should usually be avoided for security reasons A client specification may be followed by a set of options in parenthesis It is important not to leave any space between the last client specification character and the opening parenthesis since spaces are interpreted as client separators For each options specified in etc exports file can be check export man pages If you make changes to etc exports on a running NFS server you can make these changes effective by issuing the command host exportfs a 13 2 3 NFS Client Configuration NFS volumes can be mounted by root directly from the command line For example netipce mount 192 168 1 43 home mnt nfs mounts the home directory from the machine 192 168 1 43 as the directory mnt nfs on the client Of course for this to work the directory mnt nfs must exist on
37. zerland http www syslogic ch oN R 5 35 User Guide Debian Linux A syslogi C IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 5 Virtual Host 5 1 General The IPC DEBIAN 50A is shipped as a self contained and complete development environment onto a Compact Flash card Nevertheless it might be useful to have a host PC also running Debian Linux e g for testing purposes or for compiling the kernel sources remotely This environment is shipped as a VMware virtual PC image 5 2 Installation In order to run the VMware virtual PC you need to download and install the freely available VMware Player from the www vmware com website 80MB Next copy all the files from the DEBIANHOST directory your development PC requires 9 GB of free HDD space into a directory called e g DEBIANHOST Unzip the files if necessary You also need to re enable write permission on all files Now start the VMware Player and choose the Debian5 vmx file from the DEBIANHOST directory on your host PC to boot into the virtual Debian distribution Applications Places System MPa Thu Mar 11 19 29 B DOCUMENTATION Figure 1 VMWare virtual Debian Linux Desktop Syslogic Datentechnik AG CH 5405 Baden D ttwil Switzerland http www syslogic ch 6 35 sa N User Guide Debian Linux QI IPC DEBIAN 50A V1 0 You might be asked to create a unique identifier when booting please choose yes here You might also get some warning messages con
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