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MICRO 6502 Journal, Volume 13, June 1979

1. A DOCUMENTED LISTING PROVIDES LINE CHANGES FOR ADAPTING THE SYSTEM TO PREFORM NUMEROUS OTHER APPLICATIONS THE BOOKLET IS WRITTEN IN A MANNER WHICH MAY BE USED BY THE NOVICE AS WELL AS THE EXPERIENCED PROGRAMMER DOZENS OF PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES ARE SHOWN AND FULLY DOCUMENTED ALSO INCLUDED SEPARATELY IS A PROGRAMMERS AID GIVING QUICK REFERENCE TO INTEGER APPLESOFT AND DOS COMMANDS WITH ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS DISK II amp APPLESOFT TAPE OR ROM CARD PRICE 19 95 PROCESSED amp SHIPPED WITHIN 4 DAYS SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO SOFTOUCH P O BOX 511 LEOMINSTER MASS 01453 T Pyemy PROGRAMMING APPLE SOFTWARE el BOX 3078 e SCOTTSDALE ARIZONA 85257 APPLE SCRIBE 2 disk or cassette 49 00 Word processor with any length line printing in any shape or form Requires 16k or larger system APPLE DMS 48k amp disk required 49 00 Universal data management system UNLISTABLE BASIC disk required 39 00 Make Integer BASIC listings unintel ligable BCOPY disk amp 16 32 or 48k 19 00 Single disk drive binary file copier DEFLECTIONS disk or cassette 10 00 Real time color graphics game Custom programs write for details APPLE I OWNERS West Side Electronics introduces the Real Time Clock for the Apple 11 The Appletime Model 1 is a single peripheral board which plugs directly i
2. PRINTER SENSORS TEMPERATURE CABLE VELOCITY PRESSURE gj PET INTERFACE MODULE 4 e pH RS 232 ACCELERATION HUMIDITY INTERFACE MODULE MN ET KIM INTERFACE FLUID LEVEL ETC 92 pr GPIB IEEE 488 INTERFACE MODULE TRS 80 INTERFACE ETC TRS 80 MOD MANUAL AND DISPLAY MODULE EXPANDER MODULE SYSTEMS CmC complete system of aodules Lo lei your computer listen DAM SYSTEMS comronents AIM161 Analos Inrut Module 16 amp bit analog inputs 100 microsecond conversion tine 3 state reguires one 8 bit computer port for control and me 9 01 computer input port for data AIM162 Analod Inrut Module As above plus wester accuracy sold plated contacts pilot light switch selectable starts enable and ready POWI Power Module Supplies power for one AIMI module ICON E Connector For connecting analog inputs to the 20 Pin card connector solder evelets OCON Qutrut Connector For connecting the 6 Lo a computer 20 pin card ede connector solder evelets 1 Manifold Module Use in place of ICON Screw Lerminal barrier strips for connecting Jowstickss potentionelerss voltase sources elc Eliminates the need for soldering Pluss into AINI6 1 Analog Manifold Module Use in Place of ICON Connects DAM SYSTEMS SENSORS Lo the
3. without soldering sensor cables Just plug in Pluss into the AIM1 ar the SENSORS Sensors for teseerstures Pressure flows husidils level action etc COMPUTER INTERFACES For the TRS 805 etc Use in Place of Elininales the need for soldering or special construction PETMOD PET Interface Module Gives two IEEE soris one user port and one DAM SYSTEMS interface Saves and tear on the PET s printed circuit board Also called the PETSAUR to the real world 179 00 249 00 14 95 9 95 9 95 THA THA TEA 49 95 DAM SYSTEMS LIST M M ce M ete KIM Interface Module 39 95 Gives one application connector port and one DAM SYSTEMS interface port CABLE A Interconnect Cables THA Connects computer interface to AINI MANDISI etc CABLE A24 Interconnect Cable 19 95 24 inch cable with interface connector on one end and an equivalent on the other MANDIS1 Manuel and Disrlaus Module THe Connects between the and the computer interface Allows manual or computer control of the AINI6 Displays channel nusber and dala GPIB MOD GFIB IEEE 488 Interface THA Allows the BAN SYSTEMS MODULES Lo be used mith the GPIB bus inslead of compuler s other 1 0 ports RS232 MOD RS232 Interface Module THA Allows the BA
4. 0224 FO 2D BEQ GTNOTE 0226 C9 00 CMPIM 00 FOR REST 0228 FO 20 BEQ GTREST 022A 5 20 LDA FSTFLG TEST FOR FIRST TIME 0220 C9 00 CMPIM 00 022E FO 12 BEQ NOPLAY 0230 C6 26 DEC SET UP FOR NEXT NOTE 0232 C6 25 DEC NOTPTR 0234 10 02 BPL DELYA 0236 30 DC BMI NUNOTE 0238 A6 30 DELYA LDXZ DELAYA DELAY 023A CA DEX 023B 86 30 STXZ DELAYA 023D DO DD BNE PLAYB 023F 4 65 02 JMP 5 0242 C6 26 NOPLAY DEC SET UP FOR NEXT NOTE 0244 C6 25 DEC 0246 10 04 BPL 0248 30 BMI NUNOTE 024A A9 01 GTREST LDAIM 01 LOAD REST 024C 85 2C STA FSTFLG 024 85 27 STA TNOTE 0250 4C 65 02 JMP SVNOTE June 1979 MICRO 13 48 E 02 02 02 0 02B2 02B5 0288 02 D2BC 028 02 0 D2C2 0200 5 9 8D 2C 10 C6 DO C6 DO 00 FF 00 20 21 FF 04 22 2 21 03 05 05 05 lF IF 1 1 1 1 02 02 01 17 17 June 1979 GTNOTE LDAIM STA LDXZ LDAIM STA STA LDAZX STA STXZ SVNOTE JSR JSR _ 958 JSR JSR JSR CMPIM BEQ JSR JSR CMPIM BEQ JSR JSR CMPIM BEQ BNE SAVE LDAIM STA JMP DOAGN LDAIM STA LDXIM TXS NOP JMP DNOTES LDXIM TXS NOP NOP JMP 01 FSTFLG NOTPTR 00 HIFLG SHPFLG NOTE TNOTE PNTPTR GETHI GETSRP GTLNTH PLATUN KE YIN GETKEY 03 SAVE KE YIN GETKEY 11 DOAGN KEYIN GETKEY 12 DNOTES PLAYB 01
5. 06 03 06 13 36 8 00 8 00 8C A6 89 SYM STATIC DISPLAY SYM REFERENCES ACCESS 8B86 SCAND 8906 SEGSM 8 29 DISBUF A63F COMPLETELY RELOCATABLE SYM Static Display This program is a utility for the SYM 1 that have found useful in adapting rou tines for the KIM It loads the DISBUF from three locations F5 to F7 corre sponding to the three display locations F9 and FB used in the KIM monitor It ends with a JMP SCAND and thus can be used to replace a JSR SCANDS com mand as used in a KIM routine It gives a static display STATIC JSR ACCESS ENTER HERE UNLESS ACCESS ALTNTR LDYIM 03 ALREADY SET SET UP FOR MOVE LDAY 00F4 3 NUMBERS GET NUMBER INTO LSRA SHIFT LSRA LEFT LSRA FOUR LSRA TIMES TAX PUT RESULT IN X TYA Y HAS NUMBER INDEX ASLA MULTIPLY BY 2 TAY PUT BACK INTO Y LDAX SEGSM GET CORRECT SEGMENT CODE STAY DISBUF 01 PUTINTO DISPLAY BUFFER TYA GET INDEX BACK LSRA DIVIDE BY 2 TAY PUT BACK LDAY 00F4 NUMBER INOT A ANDIM 0F MASK TAX RESULT INTO X TYA GET INDEX ASLA MULTIPLY BY 2 TAY PUT BACK LDAX SEGSM GET SEGMENT CODE STAY DISBUF PUT INTO DISPLAY BUFFER DEY DECREMENT INDEX DEY TWICE BEQ EXIT IF HAVE LOADED 6 DIGITS EXIT TYA NOT DONE GET INDEX LSRA DIVIDE INDEX BY 2 TAY PUT BACK CLC PREPARE TO GO TO MOVE BCC MOVE GO EXIT JMP SCAND LIGHT UP DISPLAY AND RETURN NOTES F7 CORRESPONDS TO KIM POINTH AT FB
6. 995 Financial 9 95 Star War 9 95 Financial Wizard ll 995 14 95 Financial Wizard Il 9 95 Wampus Hunt 9 95 Financial Wizard IV 9 95 Programs recorded on cassette SYSTEMS SO FTWARE tape Documentation included Memory 7 45 Program Unload 7 45 HARDWARE File Editor 24 95 LightPen Assembler GRECE YE 24 95 includes Demo Software File Editor required for use with Assembler Call or write for our free SOFTWARE amp ACCESSORIES CATALOG P DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED Master Charge and VISA orders accepted Include 1 00 for b ING shipping and handling e New Jersey residents add P O BOX 157 596 sales Tax Apple 1 is a registered PITMAN NEW JERSEY 08071 Prices subject to change trademark of Apple Computer Inc 609 589 5500 Harmonic Analysis For the Apple Fourier Analysis is a powerful tool in many fields but the number of calculation is requires makes it very laborious to perform by hand A program in Applesoft Floating Point BASIC lets the APPLE do the work One of the most important tools of modern technology is the oscillosc
7. 3502 Systems and Other a x ul lt 5 eo 43 JUno9 373 PERFECT AIM enclosures group ATTRACTIVE FUNCTIONAL PACKAGING FOR YOUR AIM 65 MICROCOMPUTER 9 Professional Appearance e Striking Grey and Black Color Combination e Protects Vital Components ENGINEERED SPECIFICALLY FOR MADE OF HIGH IMPACT STRENGTH THE ROCKWELL AIM 65 THERMOFORMED PLASTIC All Switches Accessible e Kydex 1003 Integral Reset Button e Durable Actuator 9 Molded In Color Easy Paper Tape Replacement 9 Non Conductive EASILY ASSEMBLED AVAILABLE FROM STOCK 9 Absolutely No Alteration Allow Three to Four Weeks of AIM 65 Required for Processing and Delivery All Fasteners Provided No COD s Please e Goes Together in Minutes Dealer Inquiries Invited TO ORDER 1 Fill in this Coupon Print or Type Please 2 Attach Check or Money Order and Mail to NAME z Pes e b e e SEL enclosures c group STATE ZIP 753 bush street san francisco california 94108 2 Please Ship Prepaid __ SAE 1 1 5 43 50 each California Residents Please Pay 46 33 Includes Sales Tax TM Rohm amp Haas Patent Applied For Junei979 Issue Number Thirteen Table Contents Y E PR NM Harmonic Analysis for the Apple by Charles B Putney of the Missing Tape Counter by William P
8. ACO5 COUNTER 24 05 00 00 00 00 STIME A41E 6532 TIMERS 283 07 A Db OD RTIME 404 294 05 oO 00 00 00 29D 0 77 0 EE DE 3000 ORG 0000 0 00 00 OD OO 247 bO BC 03 DA 0000 00 LOW 00 LOW POINTER aac 05 00 00 DD DD 0001 00 HIGH 00 HIGH POINTER 581 30 FC Du 09 0002 00 REPEAT 00 REPEAT COUNTER apu 05 00 00 00 00 2BB 07 ED 05 DA DB TUNE TABLE POINTERS 05 00 00 00 ec5 07 A Ob OD 0003 00 TUNES 00 OFFSET FOR FIRST TUNE 2cA 05 00 00 00 00 0004 70 FIRST 70 FIRST TUNE LOW D 7707 EE DE 0005 02 02 FIRST TUNE HIGH 0270 apu 0 Of DO 00 00 0006 70 SECOND 2F SECOND LOW 279 LD BC 03 DA 0007 03 03 SECOND HIGH 032F 05 0000 00 00 0008 END 5 FF OF TUNE TABLE 2 3 30 FC Du 09 05 00 00 00 00 PED 07 98 05 El 08 MAIN PROGRAM 222 05 00 00 OU oF D 05 07 0200 ORG 0200 05 00 00 00 00 301 07 98 05 08 0200 20 86 8B MAIN 258 ACCESS ALLOW WRITING TO SYSTEM gs 00 0203 A9 CO LDAIM C0 SET ACR6 7 1 0205 8D OB AO STA ACR FOR TIME 1 FREE RUNNING s D 0208 8D 0B AC STA ACRX WITH OUTPUT ENABLED 315 9 04 00 DD 0208 A9 LDAIM 7F DISABLE IRQ 31A DS 00 00 00 00 0200 8D OE AO STA IER WITH FC Du 00 00 324 05 00 00 OO DD 353 07 F 09 F OF JE FF June 1979 MICRO 13 18 0210 0212 0215 0217 0219 021B 021D 021F 0221 0222 0225 0225 0227 0229 022B 0
9. Addition amp Subtraction Operators in Expressions High Byte Selection Operator Low Byte Selection Operator Source statements of the form label opcode operand comment 56 valid machine instruction mnemonics All valid addressing modes Equate Directive BYTE Directive to initialize memory locations WORD Directive to initialize 16 bit words PAGE Directive to control source listing SKIP Directive to control source listing OPT Directive to set select options LINK Directive to chain multiple text files Comments Source listing with object code and source statements Sorted symbol table listing CONFIGURATION Apple II 48K Disk 69 95 DBLK Delete the current line as long 1 as it is blank PUSH Save current line in push buffer ARG n PUSH Save n lines in the push buffer POP the contents of the push buffer before the current line CINS Enable character insert mode CINS CINS Turn off character insert mode BS Backspace GOB Gobble delete the current charac ter and pull remainder of characters to right of cursor left one position EXIT Scroll all text off the screen and file for the next occurence of the string specified in the last search command ARG t SCH Search forward for string t APP Append move cursor to last character of line 1 INS Insert a blank line beforere the current line ARG n INS Insert blank lines before the current
10. Microspan Software 2213A Lanier Drive Austin TX 78758 Texas residents add 5 sales tax Streamlining the C2 4P Here are three modifications you can make to your OSI C2 4P to raise its speed increase the cassette throughput and add reverse video to the display am concerned by the paucity of articles on OSI computers in MICRO and hope that this will reverse the trend feel that the Challenger 2 4P running speed and ease of modification more than offset its shortcomings will describe three modi ficiations have made mainly raising the CPU clock rate raising the cassette data rate and reversing the video presentation Ralsing the CPU Clock Rate My computer is happily working with a clock frequency a little under 2 MHz 1 9648 actual 1 96608 nominal in place of half that which is the way it was de livered The CPU clock is taken from the video timing chain which uses a crystal oscillator near 12 MHz a divide by three and then a series of binary dividers to form 15 360 and 60 Hz sync pulses It was only necessary to move the CPU clock takeoff one stage higher in the timing chain To do this move the jumper wire coming from bus pin 18 off IC E4 pin 13 and onto pin 14 If you intend to make this change use a small low power preferably grounded solder ing iron as recommended for all IC work Another word of caution make a long thorough shakedown run of several operational progr
11. 2 REM ARRAY NEXT Z POKE 2 30 PRINT AS RETURN REM REM kkkk FIND VARIABLE S ADDRESS REM ADDR PEEK 74 PEEK 75 256 138K 6 PEEK 204 PEEK 205 k256 1 Lz0 IF AS K K H THEN 4020 KzK 13 Lz1 FOR TO IF ASC A I PEEK ADDREI THEN 4040 NEXT I IF PEEK ADDRrIFL gt 1 THEN 40450 ADDREADDReEKEG RETURN FOR TO 100 IF PEEK J ADDR gt 1 THEN NEXT Ji I2ADDR I 12ADDR PEEK 1 PEEK 111 25651 ADDR lt J THEN 4020 PRINT VARIABLE A NOT FOUND END Figure 2 REM kkkkkk SORT ROUTINE kkkkkk REM PRINT PRINT STARTING SORT AS A S GOSUB 4009 POKE 0 ADDR MOD 256 POKE 1 ADDR 256 REM STORE ARRAY ADDRESS POKE 2 LEN REM STORE RECORD LENGTH MUST BE lt 256 POKE MOD 256 POKE 5 NUM 256 POKE 6 MOD 256 POKE 7 NUM 256 REM STORE NUMBER OF RECORDS 1600 CALL 768 REM CALL SORT ROUTINE 1700 PRINT PRINT ENDING SORT June 1979 MICRO 13 23 Figure 3 1000 1010 SHELL METZNER SORT k 1020 BY GARY FOOTE k 1030 k COPYRIGHT 1979 k 1040 k COMMERCIAL RIGHTS RESERVED 1050 bil 1060 amp 1070 VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS 1080 1090 ALL VARIABLES ARE TWO BYTES 1100 THE LISTED NAME IS THE LOW ORDER BYTE 1110 THE IS THE HIGH ORDER BYTE 1120 LOW ORDER BYTE 1130 Itl HIGH ORDER BYTE
12. PTRL 0012 ADRI 0014 ADRL 0016 0558 13 65 85 13 88 DO SORT 0500 0508 SRT2 0520 03605 10 B5 14 12 85 16 SRT3 0328 SRT4 0505 SRT5 0372 0568 C8 10 85 15 12 85 SRT6 0381 SRT7 0343 SRT8 O3A9 0570 17 88 14 Di 16 90 51 SRT9 O3AF JMP1 03BD JMP2 05 0 0578 00 07 C8 02 DO F3 0580 28 0 00 5 14 91 12 5 0588 16 91 10 8 5 15 91 12 03902 A5 17 91 10 38 5 08 E5 0398 06 85 08 A5 09 5 07 85 05 0 09 90 06 00 85 5 08 DO 05 8 FA E6 OC DO 02 E6 OD 02580 C5 OD 90 08 DO 06 9388 OE C5 90 03 4C 20 oa ir c CHANGE MICRO 13 26 June 1979 ENHANCE THE FULL CAPABILITIES OF YOUR DISK 11 SOFTOUCH ANOUNCES THE DISC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EIGHT PROGRAMS ON DISK TO PROVIDE THE USER WITH COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISK DRIVE COMMANDS PLUS A UTILITY PACKAGE TO INDEX AND CATAGORIZE ALL PROGRAMS WRITTEN FOR THE APPLE II COMPUTER THE SYSTEM PROVIDES FULL SEARCH EDITING AND DATA TRANSFER CAPABILITIES A TWENTY SIX PAGE BOOKLET PROVIDES DETAILED EDUCATIONAL TECHNIQUES GIVING A THROUGH UNDERSTAND ING OF ALL DOS COMMANDS INCLUDED ARE SUCH TECHNIQUES AS INITIALIZATION OF TEXT FILES WRITING amp READING OF TEXT FILES CREATING TEXT FILES EDITING FILES TRANSFERRING DATA TO OTHER DISKETTES LISTING OF DATA FILES SEARCHING DATA BY VARIOUS OPTIONS
13. Chelmsford M 01824 Application to mail a second class postage rates is pending at Chelmsford MA 01824 Publication Number COTR 395770 Subscription in United States 15 00 per year 12 issues Entire contents pu 1979 by MICRO Ink Inc MICRO Advertisers index AB Computers 55 Microspait 27 Compas Microsystems 56 MICRO Technology Unlimited 17 Computer Components 20 Optimal Technology Inc 32 Computer Forum 1 P S Software House v 20 95 7 The Computerist Inc 47 49 51 Plainsman Micro Systems 60 Computershop I 16 Powersoft Inc net Connecticut microComputers 64 Programma International Creative Computing 59 Progressive Software Se Dr Daley 10 Pygmy Programming Eliam Associates 60 RNB Enterprises Enclosures Group IFC Softouch H Geller Computer Systems 61 Speakeasy Hudson Digital Electronics 2 SYBEX S MICRO West Side Electronics Microprodyets JU NE POWERSOFT INC products for the PITMAN 1 NEW JERSEY 08071 APPLE 609 589 5500 ADDRESS FILE GENERATOR 19 95 A professional piece of software which allows the user to create four different types of address files a Holiday File b Birthday File c Home Address File and d Commercial Address File The program contains a menu of seven major commands 1 Create a File 2 Add to File 3 Edit File 4 Display File 5 Search File 6 Sort File and 7 Reorgan
14. GOTO 222 PRINT PLOT IS OFF SCALE T RYING AGAIN 5 S 101 TICAL SCALE FOR 1 TO 1000 NEXT GOTO 1300 REM FAIRFIELI CONNECICUT UER 3 1 79 END HARMO HARMON 127 THEN 16368 0 16203 0 PEEK 16384 lt 127 THEN 16368 9 1630450 777 REM SHORTEN VER June 1979 SUPERKIM by MICROPRODUCTS Apple Expand Your ROM Software Add capability to your system monitor or BASIC for business or other applications Add commands to the operating system New operating systems can be put into EPROM memory with our EPROM programmer and plugged directly into your APPLE II board with our EPROM socket adaptor The MICROPRODUCTS EPROM Programmer wiit program INTEL 27165 2758s and other 5 volt replacements for 2716s Add to or replace existing APPLE II ROM software with operating systems of your own de sign Other software systems similar to PASCAL FORTH LISP APL FORTRAN COBOL ALGOL other BASIC s etc may be incorporated into your APPLE ROM space The EPROM Programmer looks just like memory to the computer and can be configured to program memory locations from 8000 to FFFF for a total of 32K bytes This means that the EPROMs can be used in computer applications other than the APPLE i e the MICRO PRODUCTS Superkim etc This turns your APPLE into a very Jow cost powerfui software M me gt pan m
15. count before implementing this sort in INTEGER BASIC Because of the limited string support in this BASIC it is easier to store records to be sorted in memory between the upper end of the data variables and the lower end of the pro gram area accessing them with PEEK s and POKE s At first as sorted these records exchanged the actual records memory when necessary This becomes very time consuming because for exchanging two 10 character records you must move 30 bytes 10 to a work area 10 from one record to the other and 10 from the work area back to the other record A much more elegant technique is to store the address of each record as a member of an array When an exchange is necessary you need only exchange the addresses in the array a total move of 6 bytes 2 2 2 for any size record When the sort is complete the addresses of the sorted records can be found sequentially in the array The first member of the array will point to the lowest sorted record and the last member to the highest sorted one The records can be read out in the proper order quite simply and can easily be Sorted in reverse order simply by reading the array backwards The beauty of this method is that the records have never ac tually moved and can be read in the original order as simply as the sorted order This reduction alone increases the speed of the sort by a factor of three for a 100 record sort and exponentially above that M
16. 0589 0368 038C June 1979 18 A5 65 B5 A5 65 85 A5 B5 85 5 85 85 0 18 65 85 A5 65 85 18 65 65 5 65 85 88 00 85 85 C8 85 B1 85 88 D1 90 DO Cu DO FO A0 A5 91 91 C8 A5 1520 SRT3 CLC 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1850 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1909 1910 1920 1950 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2050 2040 2050 2060 SRT5 SRT6 LDA ADC STA LDA ADC STA LDA STA STA LDA STA STA LDY CLC LDA I L 111 1 Lei ADRA PTRI PTRL ADRA 1 PTRI 1 PTRL 1 H2 PTRI ADC I STA LDA ADC STA CLC LDA ADC STA LDA ADC STA DEY BNE LDA STA LDA STA INY LDA STA LDA STA DEY LDA CMP BCC BNE INY CPY BNE BEQ LDY LDA STA LDA STA INY LDA PTRI PTRI 1 Iti PTRI 1 PTRL L PTRL PTRL 1 Lei PTRL 1 SRT4 PTRI Y ADRI PTRL Y ADRL PTRI Y ADRI 1 PTRL Y ADRL 1 ADRI Y ADRL Y SRT8 SRT6 LEN SRT5 SRTB RO ADRT PTRL Y ADRL PTRI Y ADRI INITIALIZE PTRS TO ARRAY A ADDRESS PTR TO A T ADDR ARRAY A 2 I PTR TO A L ADOR ARRAY 2 1 00 2 PTR DISP IS 2 BYTES II A T LL A L COMPARE ONE BYT
17. 2 COS 2 X X 2110 ACS SIN 3 k X EK 2200 3 COS 3 X AC4 k SIN 2220 4 X X 4 COS 4 X ACS SIN 5 X Bi 2230 5 COS 5 X X 2240 2270 IF ABS YO gt 79 GOTO 6000 HPLOT K 79 Y 2280 NEXT K 2290 HCOLOR 6 3300 PRINT t PRINT 1 FIRS 6000 T HARMONIC GOSUR 1600 PRINT PRINT PRINT SECO 6002 NI HARMONIC GOSUB 1600 PRINT PRINT t PRINT THIR 6004 D HARMONIC GOSUE 1600 6006 PRINT PRINT t PRINT FOUR 6008 TH HARMONIC GOSUB 1600 6010 PRINT PRINT PRINT H HARMONIC GOSUE 1600 GOTO 2000 6020 13 8 H 1 REM ROUTINE FOR PLOTTING HARMONICS FOR 0 TO 269 STEP 4 K 75 360 6 2831 X 85 Y ACH X SIN H X X KK H X COS H X X Y 1 T KY XS IF ABS Y gt 79 THEN 6000 HPLOT 79 Y NEXT K RETURN 1 REM SETTING U P COEFFICIENT TAELE 5 PRINT COEFFICIENT TABLE PRINT 2 PRINT 1 PRINT SINES COSINES PRINT 1 PRINT FIRST HARMON GOSUB 2100 PRINT 2 PRINT SECOND NIC GOSUB 2100 PRINT 2 PRINT THIRD IC GOSUB 2100 PRINT 2 FRINT FOURTH HARMO NIC GOSUB 2100 PRINT t PRINT FIFTH HARMON IC GOSUB 2100 PRINT 1 PRINT CONSTANT 0 Y AT 100 jT PRINT t PRINT HIT SPACE BA FOR REVIEW 0 GOTO 2200 PRINT A H rBCH H 1 RETURN REM REVIEW ROUTINE IF PEEK 16384 2220 PONE IF 2270 PONE
18. 202222 June 1979 REM MORSE KEYBOARD 1979 1000 L LEN A 2 PRINT MORSE CODE KEYBOARD 1005 FOR I 1 TOL 3 PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT 1010 R MID A I 1 5 J3O0OOOOXBOOCOXRE AD Y3999O Oe eex 1015 IF R THEN GOSUB 1200 10 X 63232 1020 IF R 3 THEN GOSUB 1200 15 GOSUB 1600 1025 NEXT I 20 POKE X 1 0 POKE X 3 0 POKEX 0 POKE 2 255 1030 GOTO 1320 30 POKE X 1 04 POKE X 3 04 1200 POKE G 2 H 100 G 63232 1205 FOR J 1 TO X NEXT J 102 1 1210 G 2 R 104 0 1215 FOR J 1 TO X NEXT J 106 X 25 1220 RETURN 108 100 1300 G 2 H 109 150 1305 FOR 2 1 TO X NEXT J 110 11 0 0 12 12 1310 2 122 X USR X 1315 FOR J 1 TO X NEXT J 125 3840 1320 RETURN 130 IF 65 THEN GOSUB 1500 1500 13 RETURN 131 IF A 66 THEN GOSUB 1501 1501 2111 RETURN 132 IF 67 THEN GOSUB 1502 1502 A 3131 RETURN 133 IF A 68 THEN GOSUB 1202 1503 311 RETURN 134 IF A 69 THEN GOSUB 1504 1504 1 RETURN 135 IF A 70 THEN GOSUB 1505 1505 1131 RETURN 136 IF A 71 THEN GOSUB 1506 1506 331 RETURN 137 IF A 72 THEN GOSUB 1507 1507 1111 RETURN 138 IF A 73 THEN GOSUB 1508 1508 11 RETURN 139 IF 74 THEN GOSUB 1509 1509 1333 RETURN 140 IF 75 THEN GOSUB 1510 1510 313 RETURN 141 IF A 76 THEN GOSUB 1511 1511 1311 RETURN 142 IF A 77 THEN GOSUB 1512 1512 33 RETURN 143
19. 86 20 E4 60 A2 E8 70 2C EB 50 8E 60 11 65 00 40 08 2 F3 F2 09 65 00 58 00 F5 F5 FF F3 65 00 F2 65 00 F2 00 00 0 00 0 01 0 l IF gt lt Z gt GBYTE LDYIM GBA JSR CPXIM BCS CPXIM BCS DEY BPL RTS GBB LDYIM STY JSR GBC JSR BCC INC GBD RORA DEY BNE ROLA EORIM LSR RTS SHORTS 11 GETTR 40 GBB 2C GBYTE GBA 09 TPAR GETTR GETBIT GBD TPAR GBC FF TPAR GET A DATA BIT RETURN C BIT O IF PARITY ERROR CLOBBERED Y 0 SHORTS COUNT GET TRANSITION TIME START BIT YES GO GET BYTE SHORTS NO START COUNTING AGAIN YES DECREMENT COUNT BIT COUNT INITIALIZE PARITY GET OTHER HALF OF START BIT GET A DATA BIT ADJUST PARITY PACK IT DONE NO YES ADJUST DATA PUT PARITY IN C X CLOBBERED A amp Y UNCHANGED GETBIT JSR STX JSR CPX RTS GETTR TCNT GETTR TCNT GET FIRST TRANSITION SAVE IT GET SECONT TRANSITION GENERATE BIT IN C GET A TRANSITION PERIOD RETURN X PERIOD A amp Y UNCHANGED GETTR LDXIM 00 GETA BIT TAPE INX BVS GETA GETB BIT TAPE INX BVC GETB SIX DIGANA RTS INIT COUNTER INCREMENT COUNTER LOOP WHILE HIGH LOOP WHILE LOW OUTPUT TO D A FOR TUNING MICRO 13 63 CONNECTICUT microCOMPUTER Inc 150 POCONO ROAD BROOKFIELD CONNECTICUT 06804 203 775 9659 QU
20. Here is a powerful microprocessor control system development tool and a complate microcomputer in one low cost package The Superkim singleboard computer has more features more intertace and expansion capability with a hlgher quality design and and now your KIM 1 is too small The Super kim is the economical next step for expansion into more RAM user EPROM and prototype area on one modern compact high density fully assembled and integrated board The Superkim has more software available than development system FEATURES Fully assembled Completely self contained Textool Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Onboard 25 volt power supply Double sided plated through holes on fiberglass PC board Gold plated edge connector Fully socketed Latest low power Schottky IC s 9 mask ADVANTAGES e Put memory in two empty ROM slots APPLE 1I s Replace memory in existing APPLE ROM slots Add new operating systems to APPLE Programs INTEL 2716 2K byte EPROM s 2758 1K byte EPROMs and other compatible 5 volt EPROMs Put peripheral drivers in permanent memory Use APPLE to program EPROMs for other computers any other singleboard computer since it is totally compatible with KIM 1 Have you got a thousand hours tied up in The Superkim has a wide range of appeal to software for your KIM 1 BASED control system engineers teachers and industry construction than
21. NWAIT RETURN RETRNB REPEAT GTLNTH PADD SAD KEYIN LOAD LENGTH POINTER 0015 0023 0028 002 0055 0057 003B 002 004 00A8 0119 016 0196 0181 0214 024A 0298 02B5 02E9 0522 0575 0383 03DA 1701 1740 1 40 June 1979 CATALOG IX Mike Rowe P O Box 64 S Chelmsford MA 01824 Name MASTER CATALOG System Apple Il with disk Memory 32K min Language Applesoft Il and machine language Hardware Apple Disk Description MASTER CATALOG creates a single alphabetized file and listing of each diskette catalog entry by program name volume number and program type MASTER CATALOG will help you locate your pro grams A machine language sort will speed the sort by program name or volume number Copies Just released Price 8 00 Includes Cassette and instructions Author Alan G Hill Available from Alan G Hill 12092 Deerhorn Dr Cincinnati Ohio 45240 Name BASIC OPTIMIZER System Apple Il Memory 24K min Cassette version 32K min Disk version Language Interger Basic Hardware STANDARD DOS for Disk Version Description Restructures your basic program by eliminating all remarks condensing code to long strings eliminating unneeded line numbers and renam ing numeric variables In affect the Optimizer creates a production program You will get a 1096 to 40 in crease in the speed of execution by running your pro gram through the Optimizer Now you can write y
22. SAVFLG NUNOTE 00 NOTCNT FF NUTUNE FF DISNTS DELAY SUBROUT INE DELAY LDA STA DELA LDAIM STA TEST BIT BPL DEC BNE DEC BNE RTS ORG DELTIM TIMED FF TIMER TTIMER TEST TIMEC DELA TIMED DELA 02DD TONE SUBROUTINE by Commodore K 0 4 The Original 6502 System 20 mA Current Loop TTY Interface LOAD FIRST NOTE FLAG LOAD CHOSEN NOTE Audio Cassette Inter ace 15 User I O lines 2 Interval Timers 1K RAM 2K KIM Monitor ROM GET HIGH NOTE GET SHARP NOTE GET LENGTH PLAY NOTE TEST TO SAVE NOTE Hex Keypad LED Display aMe gasuyaa The Ultimate Enclosure for the KIM 1 Protects Your KIM 1 TEST OFR START OVER DA DQ AGAIN Neat Attractive Professional Full Access to the Expansion and Application Connectors TEST FOR DIPSLAY NOTER Enhances the LED Display with a Red Lense Room for the KIM 1 and One Additional Board such as ENCLOSURE PLUS MEMORY PLUS or VIDEO PLUS Y M 3 5 by Rockwell international The Complete 6502 System 20 Column Thermal Printer RESET NOTE COUNTER 4 High Speed Audio Cassette 20 Character LED Display RESET STACK POINTER Up to 4K RAM on board PADDING Full size Typewriter style Keyboard Up to 12K additional ROM RESET STACK POINTER Versatile ROM Moaitor 65 437500
23. starts at 0200 and initialization goes on to 021A From 021C to 0228 we test the keypad and 022A to 022E we test for the first time through the program This step eliminates any noise in the speaker while choosing the first note 0230 to 0236 gets the program to step through all the notes and 0238 to 023D delays the pro gram not only to give you more time to choose a note but also to put a space between the beginning and ending of the tune 0242 to 0248 is for the beginning silence 024A thru 0263 loads the note you have chosen into a temporary loca tion 0265 to 026E will jump to all the subroutines which we ll explain in a minute 0271 thru 027B tests for the save key which you press if you want that particular note From 027B to 0283 we test for the DA key 0285 to 028F will cause the program to jump to the routine which will allow us to see what notes we have so that they can be written down and saved for the Top Ten 0295 to 02A9 sets the save flag resets the note counter and because the program goes deep into the stack territory resets the stack pointer to avoid trouble The Get High subroutine is the first one we come to From 0356 to 035E we test to see if we want a high note If we don t we return from the subroutine If yes we ll first test to see if it s to be a sharp note that is to go to the next octave If it is then from 0366 to 036A we ll load the high sharp note into the temporary loca tion otherwise fro
24. tape record playback routines in order to store the square wave on tape instead of using memory However in the high speed format could only store about 1500 bits per second 185 8 bit characters per second which is far too Jack Gieryic 2041 138th Ave N W Andover MN 55303 low a sampling rate to be useful Perhaps a floppy disk would have a high enough data transfer rate to be of some use This is food for thought If any of you are still seriously interested then would suggest an 8 bit analog to digital convertor to digitize the data The data could then be sent through an 8 bit digital to analog converter to reproduce the signal Much lower sampling rates on the order of 5 000 to 8 000 samples sec ond could be used for voice However even at 5 000 8 bit samples per second you would still consume 5K memory in one second The approach of recording ail char acteristics of speech for either recogni tion or future reproduction deserves a reassessment Perhaps there is some key remaining to be discovered which will enable the computer to use speech with a very limited amount of data Soft ware may need a greater hardware assist in order to accomplish what seems to be a difficult task The near future may pro vide the answer eue MICRO 13 57 0228 0228 0228 0278 0200 0200 0202 0204 0206 0209 020B 020E 0210 0215 0216 0218 021A 021D 021F 0221 0224 0227 022A 022 0
25. 1 amp S 160 165 168 180 ALLOW FOR THE CALCULATION OF FINAL VALUES OF A amp 1 SHILE 4170 ACCOUNTS FOR VALUES OF 1 lt 0 160 IF 1 lt 7 OR 5 1 7 7 lt 4 04 THEN AI 163 IF Ai gt l THEN PO PO 00001 0 XY 0 YY 0 SX 0 SY 0 GO TO 70 June 1979 MICRO 13 39 IF ABS R lt 9 OR 1 lt 05 AND 1 lt Z OR ABS 1 P Z Z 4 04 THEN PRINT PRINT DATA IS NOT ACCURATE ENOUGH END IF ABS R gt 9 AND 1 lt Z OR ABS 1 P Z Z 4E 04 THEN PRINT PRINT VALUES OF A amp I P 5 GOSUB 1000 PRINT AND Z AND CORRELATION COEFFF PRINT CC GOTO 190 IF 1 lt 0 THEN 180 P 4 00001 75 PRINT PRINT W X 0BSD TAB 20 W X CALCD DATA 7 45E 04 400 7 62E 04 600 7 3E 04 700 4 41E 04 1200 2 9E 04 1500 1 3E 04 2000 2 1E 05 3000 210 DATA 0 500 FOR I 1 TO J 510 Al A2 W I 2 1 P W I 2 P W I 2 1 1 P 2 520 PRINT TAB 4 W I 1 TAB 20 INT W JE06 5 1 06 END 1000 IF lt 0 AND A 05 THEN A 0 Al 0 1010 A INT A 100 5 100 Z INT Z 1EO6 5 1E06 INT R 1E04 1E04 1020 RETURN 165 168 170 180 SY 0 0 0 SX 190 200 Program Example COMMAND RUN gt STATEMENTS 5 6 and BREAK IN 6 COMMAND CONT Z VALUES TRIAL Z VALUES CALCD 2 54999986E 05 2 49794 92E 05 vs R data for the
26. 1 60 6 60 1 100 0 80 5 80 31 80 1 100 4 100 1 60 2 120 3 120 1 40 3 140 2 140 1 20 4 160 1 160 1 0 5 180 0 180 0 20 4 200 1 200 1 40 3 220 2 220 1 60 2 240 3 240 1 80 1 260 4 260 1 100 0 280 5 280 1 120 1 300 6 300 1 140 2 320 7 320 1 160 3 340 8 340 1 180 4 360 0 360 0 8 6 Figure 1 3 5 I T 2 6 4 MH S 3 5 2 3 5 7 1 3 2 gt 24 1 1 3 3 0 5 X June 1979 MICRO 13 7 1301 1310 1320 1321 1322 1323 1330 1335 1340 1600 PRINT TERM 10 3H 5 GOSUR 1200 T 1610 PRINT TERM 11 GOSUB 121 1620 0 GOTO 1250 1630 PRINT SACHOS X SING RETURN 1640 PRINT SBCHOs COSC 1645 RETURN 1650 REM OK GRAPHICS TO HER 1660 E ALSO CHANGE 1132 GOTO 1132 1670 2000 INPUT DO YOU WANT A FLOT Y OR N FAS 2010 IF N THEN 6010 7OtH 0t REM SETTING I 2020 NITIAL SCALE AND CALCULATION CONSTANT TO ZERO 2031 PRINT PRINT FRINT PLOT OF INPUT DATA CALCULATED TO 2032 FIFTH HARMONIC Y 100 2 T HGR 2033 HCOLOR 3 HPLOT 0 79 TO 279 79 2034 HPLOT 9 0 TO 05159 HPLOT 0 79 8 TO 5 79 5 2035 HPLOT 09 79 S TO 5 79 8 HPLOT 259 77 TO 269 81 2040 FOR 0 TO 2459 STEF 4 X K 75 300 k 6 2831 2045 8531 amp 0 SIN X B 2090 1 k COS X 2 SIN 2100 2 X X
27. 22 0 27 80 33 7F 4117 04 53 42 17 58 40 17 EE 35 33 E5 26 48 02 00 01 LOADHI RETRNB JSR CMPIM BNE LDA CMPIM BEQ LDXZ LDAZX STA JMP LDX LDAZX STA RTS ORG KEYIN TEST FOR HIGH NOTE 6 07 RETRNB SHPFLG 00 LOADHI PNTPTR HISHRP TNOTE RETRNB PNTPTR HINOTE TNOTE TEST SHARP NOTE NOT REQUIRED LOAD HIGH SHARP NOTE COULD HAVE BEEN RTS LOAD HIGH NOTE 0386 GET SHARP SUBROUTINE GETSRP RETRNC JSR JSR CMPIM BNE LDAIM STA LDXZ LDAZX STA RTS ORG DISPLAY SAVE DISPLY REPEAT LIGHT WAITY LDAIM STA LDAIM STA LDXIM LDYIM LDAZX STA LDAZX STA DEY BNE DEX BPL LDY DEY STY BNE LDA CMPIM BNE JMP KEYIN TEST FOR SHARP NOTE GETKEY 05 RETRNC 01 SHPFLG PNTPTR LOAD SHARP NDTE SHPNOT TNOTE LOAD SHARP FLAG 03AA SUBROUT INE LOAD DISPLAY LIGHT TIME SET DIRECTION REGISTER 80 DELAYC 7F SADD 04 LETNUM SBD LETTER SAD SET UP 4 LETTERS AND DELAY LIGHT LETTERS DELAY WAITY GET NEXT LETTER LIGHT DELAYC DELAY DELA YC REPEAT NOTCNT 48 INCNOT DISNTS TEST FOR 72 NOTES 48 HEX 72 DECIMAL POWER DLU g9gUD23A2 3 3223 All include the Following Features ALL METAL HEAVY DUTY CASE ON OFF SWITCH and PILOT LIGHT 115 60Hz or 230 50Hz INPUT GROUNDED THREE WiRE POWER CORD POWER PLUS 5 5V at 5A 12 at 1A 7500 POWER PLUS SUPER 5 5V at 10A 12V at 1A 95
28. 4 weeks or 1 50 per book for U P S Overseas odd 3 00 per book Tex in California add tax AVAILABLE AT BOOKSTORES COMPUTER AND ELECTRONIC SHOPS EVERYWHERE 2020 Street Berkeley CA 94704 Tel 415 848 8233 Telex 336311 POSITION COMPANY ADDRESS CITY my 1 202 00302 16402 STATE ZIP OVisa LJAmerican Express Number date Signoture MM Dsend Free Catalogue compas microsystems 224 S E 16th Street P O Box 687 Ames lowa 50010 Phone 515 232 8187 single board computers 6500 BASED SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR An industrial quality 6500 based single board computer produced by the company known for quality 6500 hardware and software CSB 1 includes a 6502 processor four ROM EPROM sockets 2K bytes RAM 2114 two PIA 6520 and one VIA 6522 chips All addresses are switch selectable and a single 5 volt power supply is needed Board size is 6 by 9 75 inches The gold plated edge connector adheres to the SYSTEM 65 bus standard Single quantity price is 595 with substantial quantity discounts available Other CSB board products are available or in design Call us today for further information on our CSB family or any of our other 6500 support products Sym 1 Speak Me you want you computer to carry on some snappy dialog you are a real dreamer But here are s
29. CURVE FIT Will take any number of data points in any fasion and give you the choice of having the computer choose the best curve fit or you may choose yourself what type of fit you desire The four given are log curve fit exponential curve fit least squares and power curve fit The results are then graphed Written by Dave Garson requires 16K memory CALENDAR This program will perform two functions days between dates any two dates or a perpetual calendar if the calendar is chosen it will automatically give the successive months by merely hitting the return key May be used with or without a printer Written by Ed Hanley requires 16K memory STARWARS The original and best starwars game written by Bob Bishop You fire upon the tie fighter after aligning the fighter in your crosshairs This a high resolution game in color that uses the paddies Requires 16K memory ROCKET PILOT This Is an exciting game where you are on a planet taking off with your rocket ship trying to fly over a mountain The simulation of the rocket blasters actually accelerates you up and if you are not careful you will run out of sky The contour of the land changes each time you play the game Written by Bob Bishop requ res 18K memory SPACE MAZE This game puts you a maze with a rockey ship and you try to steer out of it with your paddles or joystick It s a real challenge It is done in high resolution graphics in color done Bob Bish
30. DELAYC TTBPTR NTBPTR NOTCNT COUNT DF OUR DTHREE DTWO DONE LNTPTR CONSTANTS KEYLNT LNTH LNSHP NTSHP oH H Hm Hog H oH H H mn N H og qm d H o mw mm ogg nomm wo LETNUM 4C 01 3F 00 00 00 00 02 01 02 04 08 20 10 08 04 86 DB E6 FF 8D F7 FC 89 DE F 9 F1 00 D SHARP E FLAT NO NOTE F SHARP G FLAT UNUSED DELAY TIME SAVE FLAG TEMP LENGTH NOTE POINTER KEY POINTER TEMP NOTE HIGH FLAG SHARP FLAG NOTE NUMBER PERMANENT NOTE FIRST TIME FLAG PERM LENGTH TEMP NOTE NUMBER NEXT NOTE DELAY A DELAY B PERM NOTE POINTER DELAYC TUNETABLE POINTER NOTE TABLE POINTER NOTCNT NOTE COUNT DISPLAY NOTE COUNT TEMP NOTE TEMP LENGTH LENGTH POINTER 1 WHOLE NOTE 2 HALF NOTE 4 QUARTER NOTE 8 EIGHTH NOTE LENGTH 1 LENGTH SHAPE 2 4 8 G LETTER SHAPES A B C D E F LETTER NUMBER display lit If we hit the 3 key we jump to a delay which blanks the display This lets us know a new note has entered the circuits so that we can distinguish two or more same notes in a row Finally we reset the stack pointer again and display the next note If we want to start again at any time we hit the DA key and off we go to the beginning again By the way the delay subroutine we go to is a good delay to get very long times It uses the KIM 1 s internal timer
31. IF 78 THEN GOSUB 1513 1513 31 RETURN 144 IF 79 THEN GOSUB 1514 1514 333 RETURN 145 IF 80 THEN GOSUB 1515 1515 1331 RETURN 146 IF 81 THEN GOSUB 1516 1516 3313 RETURN 147 IF A 82 THEN GOSUB 1517 1517 131 RETURN 148 IF 83 THEN GOSUB 1518 1518 111 RETURN 149 IF 84 THEN GOSUB 1519 1519 3 RETURN 150 IF 85 THEN GOSUB 1520 1520 115 RETURN 151 IF A 86 THEN GOSUB 1521 1521 1113 RETURN 152 IF A 87 THEN GOSUB 1522 1522 133 RETURN 153 IF 88 THEN GOSUB 1523 1523 3113 RETURN 154 IF A 89 THEN GOSUB 1524 1524 3133 RETURN 155 IF 90 THEN GOSUB 1525 1525 A z 311 RETURN 156 IF A 48 THEN GOSUB 1526 1526 33333 RETURN 157 IF 49 THEN GOSUB 1527 1527 13333 RETURN 158 IF A 50 THEN GOSUB 1528 1528 11333 RETURN 159 IF A 51 THEN GOSUB 1529 1529 11133 RETURN 160 IF 52 THEN GOSUB 1520 1530 11113 RETURN 161 IF A 53 THEN GOSUB 1531 1531 11111 RETURN 162 IF 54 THEN GOSUB 1522 1532 A 31111 RETURN 163 IF 55 THEN GOSUB 1533 1533 33111 RETURN 164 IF 56 THEN GOSUB 1554 1534 33311 RETURN 165 IF 57 THEN GOSUB 1535 1535 33331 RETURN 166 IF A 46 THEN GDSUB 1556 1536 131313 RETURN 167 IF 63 THEN GOSUB 1537 1537 113211 RETURN 168 IF A 64 THEN GOSUB 1558 1538 31113 RETURN 169 IF 47 THEN GOSUB 1529 1539 3113
32. INCORPORATED KIM 1 Custom P S provides 5 VDC 1 2 Amps and 12 VDC 1 Amps KCP 1 Power Supply 41 50 SYM 1 Custom P S provides 5 1 4 Amps VCP 1 Power Supply 41 50 2967 W Fairmount Avenue Phoenix AZ 85017 602 265 7564 A Computer Determined Parameters for Free Radical Polymerization Don t let the title scare you If you are using your system for complex equation solving the general techniques presented will be useful even if the particular example is not your cup to tea During the formation of polymers by so called free radicals the following lengthy and sensitive equation is gen erally valid W R AZ RP 1 AJ2 Z R R 1 P 1 where W R weight fraction of poly mer possessing size R A and P are para meters and 2 1 P A or P cannot ex ceed unity Various methods have been previously attempted to solve eqn 1 for the parameters A and P which are of theoretical and practical importance Thus approximate graphical procedures have been employed Smith et J Polym Sci Pt 2 4 365 1966 J Phys 72 216 1968 Ibid 72 2933 1968 as well as more direct ap proaches Reich et al J Appl Polym Sci 17 3709 1973 The purpose of this article is to present a novel trial and er ror computer program whereby para meters A and P or Z can be readily ob tained from eqn 1 Although eqn 1 applies to polym
33. STOP EJECT AND LOAD AS USUAL At this point you simply load the selected program in the usual manner William F Pytlik 6828 Payne Edwards CA 93523 Similarly if you entered C to create a new file program the tape will advance to the selected portion of the tape stop and display HIT STOP EJECT TAPE IS NOW READY TO SAVE NEW PROGRAM FILE Now you can save any program If you wish to use descriptive names for your programs or files just reload this pro gram change the names in the appro priate data statement and resave the program as the first file on the cassette Since the length of a file allocation is determined by time in seconds the number 10 in line 300 of the program the user may change this number to accomodate any length file Also since each program occupies a unique well defined location and the length allocated is for a maximum length file there is no problem replacing one file program with another We use this method on all our tapes We also use the program as a subroutine in programs requiring access to other files i e a recipe program The use of the PET cassette drives becomes simple quick and enjoyable and presents a solution to the case of the missing tape counter mystery MICRO 13 11 10 REM THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS THE PET USER TO 20 REM ACCURATELY POSITION HIS CASSETTE FILES 30 REM BY USING THE FAST FORWARD FUNCTION OF 40 REM THE TAPE DRIVE 50 REM 60 REM 70 PRINT P
34. So that s it know it is a long program because of all the explanation but want as much understanding as possible because of the possibilities it holds The simple tone generation can be replaced with a D A converter an erase note mode can be implemented a larger scale with more lengths and other variables can be developed and so on There is no limit But for a beginning with a small com puter all you potential Bachs here it is go to it H Table Keypad Representations A note B B note C C note D D note E Enote F F note 9 G note 0 rest 1 whole note 2 1 2 note 4 1 4 note 8 1 8 note 5 sharp 7 upper octave 3 save or display next note DA Do Again 4 Display notes MICRO 13 45 MICRO 13 46 0054 0055 0056 0057 0058 0059 005A 005B 005 0050 0050 0100 0100 0102 0104 0106 0108 010A 010D 010 0111 0115 0115 0117 0119 011B 011D 011 0121 0125 0124 0127 0128 0129 0128 0120 012 0121 0155 0135 0127 015A 013B 013C 012 0140 0141 0145 0144 0146 0148 014A 014C 014 0150 01 57 26 02 01 60 28 59 58 01 61 00 04 19 01 07 OD 4C 0 3E 3C 8A 01 0 19 06 4C 3D F6 3E 0 8A 01 LETTER TUNTBL LNTTBL DISPLAY NOTE DISNTS NXTNOT BEGIN RPT SUB NXGRPA ORG LDAIM STA LDA CMP BNE JMP LDX LDAZX STA LDAZX STA LD
35. air Order and payment to Creative Computing attn Ellen P O Box 789 M Morristown NJ 07960 Visa or Master Charge acceptable by mail or phone call 800 631 8112 9 am to 5 pm EST in NJ call 201 540 0445 CREATIVE COMPUTING also publishes books games art prints and T shirts for the computer enthusiast The most popular book of computer games in the world Basic Computer Games is a Creative Computing book only 8 50 postpaid And now Creative Computing also produces and mar kets software for personal computers on tape cassette and floppy disk If your dealer does not carry the full line of Creative Computing products write catalog on your order and we d be happy to send you one free creative competing P Box 789 M Morristown NJ 07960 Writing For MICRO If you have information you wish to pass on to the 6502 community think of MICRO first Since MICRO is devoted solely to 6502 material your article will probably be read by more people than it would be in many of the general pur pose national magazines And MICRO pays for articles You ll never get rich but you can get enough from an article to buy that extra memory you want Also our policy is to give authors additional payments if the material is reprinted For example authors whose work ap peared in the original six issues of MICRO and were reprinted BEST of MICRO Volume 1 are receiving double payment soit can add up W
36. custom program EPROMs with your program on request 2107 ARTESIA BOULEVARD REDONDO BEACH CA 80278 213 374 1673 microproducts 2107 ARTESIA BOULEVARD REDONDO BEACH CALIFORNIA 90278 213 374 1673 MICROPRODUCTS APPLE II PARALLEL INTERFACE BROCHURE The MICROPRODUCTS Parallel Ouptput card allows your Apple II computer to communicate with the outside world Applications include Printer Interface Power controller Tone Music generator Plotter Driver LED LAMP Driver Apple II Superkim Communications interface Features 8 bits output 15 ma output current sink or source Can drive L E D s directly TTL or CMOS compatible Will go in any slot on the Apple II Data avallable strobe General Information Data can be transferred to an external device by a STA STY or STX from assembly language or a POKE from BASIC B bits output can drive 2 J segment L D displays relays SCRs Printer or anything which requires up to B bits of data Application notes and software to drive a Southwest Technical PR 40 printer is available for a nominal 5 00 extra Included with the Parallel Interface are instructions on how to interface to a Centronics 779 printer and wiring diagrams for use as a power controller Additional software and applications notes available APPLE II 18 a trademark of APPLE COMPUTER INC 44 95 DR DALEY S SOFTWARE FOR THE PET DR DALEY s soft
37. fast in fact LISA is faster than most other commercially available assemblers for the Apple Not only is LISA faster but also due to code compression techniques used LISA requires less memory space for the text file A full source listing containing the object and source code are produced by LISA in addition to the symbol table Apple I 32K Disk 34 95 PROGRAMMA INTERNATIONAL INC 3400 Wilshire Blvd Los Angeles 90010 213 384 0579 384 1116 384 1117 Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computers Inc These professional products are available at your local computer dealer VINIA tes tO tes eo sS22npo4g auem3ajos NEW HEALTH INTEREST PROGRAMS VitaFacts Speakeasy TRS 80 APPLE and others soon For Everyone amp YOUTH ADULTS PARENTS Speakeasy VitaFacts programs contain up to date factual medical information presented in lauman s terms about important aspects of vour life and health needs By participating vou qain improved knowledge of medical situations con tributing to an improved lifestyle better family communication and cooperation and better health awareness and appreciation of modern life s stressful situations and how to cope with them a better understanding of family or friends health problems a heightened sense of the jov of learning Heart Attacks Blood Pressure e Adolescence Teenage Drinking amp Drugs Birth Control Ta
38. instructions the gun will work perfectly the first time around Have fun H Yellow 2 Figure 1 MICRO 13 31 1 CALL 936 2 VTAB 10 HTAB 10 PRINT COLOR GUN BY NEIL D LIPSON 3 HTAB 15 PRINT COPYRIGHT 1979 4 HTAB 12 PRINT ALL RIGHTS RES ERVED FOR I 1 TO 2000 NEXT I 5 REM 0 RED 6 REM 1 BLUE 7 REM 2 YELLOW 10 CALL 936 15 REM YELLOW BLUE RED 20 PRINT PRINT PRINT PRINT 25 GOSUB 1000 30 CALL 936 PRINT 32 PDL 0 PRINT 35 REM 40 B PDL 1 45 REM 50 C PDL 2 55 REM 60 A A Al 61 B B B1 62 C C C1 70 B B 1 5 100 PRINT RED CELL A 110 PRINT BLUE CELL 3B 115 PRINT YELLOW CELL 116 PRINT PRINT 117 PRINT THE COLOR IS PRINT 118 PRINT WHE HH HHH 9 3 XXE 121 IF C B AND C A THEN PRINT YELLOW 123 IF A B AND A C THEN PRINT RED 124 IF A gt B AND gt THEN PRINT GREEN 125 IF B A AND B THEN PRINT ORANGE 126 IF C lt A AND gt B THEN PRINT PURPLE 129 IF B lt C AND B lt A THEN PRINT BLUE 130 PRINT HHH HEHEHE 131 FOR X 1 TO 2300 NEXT X 140 GOTO 50 200 END MICRO 13 32 100 CALL 936 PRINT 1010 PRINT POINT GUN AT A WHITE SHEET PAPER 1020 FOR I 1 TO 1500 NEXT I 1030 1 PDL 0 1035 REM 1040 PDL 1 1045 REM 1050 Cl PDL 2 1055 PRINT
39. ircu Interface C June 1979 42 MICRO 13 KIM The Tunesmith A number of programs have been offered which permit you to play music on your micro The program presented here also permits you to compose music on your KIM as well as save it and play it back Anthony T Scarpelli RR 1 Box 426 N Windham ME 04062 Have you ever wanted to compose music but knew nothing about how to go about doing it Do you lack a musical instrument and have a tune going through your head and don t know what should go after the first few notes Well here is a program for a basic KIM 1 that will help you compose a tune and you don t even have to know how to read or write music have really never learned how to play a musical instrument and never have time to practice Yet every once in a while want to try out a few notes going on in my head or just want to see how a couple of notes sound together to see if they have any effect on me So what did was to develop a program that uses a basic KIM 1 and the speaker circuit Shown on page 57 of the KIM 1 User Manual that plays a tune compose one note at a time use the keypad as data entry to place into the program notes of two octaves including sharp notes with four possible lengths and a rest or no note used the lettered keypads as well as the 9 which looks like a small G for all the notes which are seven in number basically ABCDEFandG Tunesmith Operat
40. line DEL Delete the current line saving it in the push buffer ARG n DEL Delete lines and save the first 20 in the push buffer exit the editor HOME Home Line scroll up to move current line to top APP APP of screen Left justify cursor on current line GOB Clear to end of line Apple PIE Cassette 16K 19 95 TRS 80PIE Cassette 16K 19 95 Apple PIE Disk 32K 24 95 LISA INTERACTIVE ASSEMBLER LISA is a totally new concept in assembly language programming Whereas all other assemblers use a separate or co resident text editor to enter the assembly language program and then an assembler to assemble the source code LISA is fully interactive and performs syntax addressing mode checks as the source code is entered in This is similar in operation to the Apple Il Integer BASIC Interpreter All error messages that are displayed are in plain easy to understand English and not simply an Error Code Commands in LISA are structured as close as possible to those in BASIC Commands that are included are LIST DELETE INSERT PR n IN n SAVE LOAD APPEND ASM and a special user defineable key envisioned for use with dumb per ipherals LISA is DISK based and will assemble programs with a textfile too long to fit into the Apple memory Likewise the code generated can also be stored on the Disk hence freeing up memory for even larger source programs Despite these Disk features LISA is very
41. line 4156 1 PO gt Z This ensures that prior to a series of iterative calcul ations to determine final parameter values the initial value of P is such that 1 PO gt Z Then values of P are gradu ally increased line 4180 until the follow ing conditions 3 hold line s 160 168 at which time A Z and the correlation coefficient from the least squares cal culation of A1 and A2 are displayed line 168 ABS gt 9 38 and 1 gt Zor ABS 1 P ZyZ 4 04 3b Since eqn 1 is sensitive to changes in data i e small changes in data can re sult in relatively large changes in A there is a requirement that correlation coefficient R be above 9 3a Thus even though 3b is satisifed if 3a is not then the screen will display the statement that the data is not accurate enough in order to afford reasonably significant values line 4165 In 3b the second term involving the absolute value may not apply sometimes but Z trial values will generally decrease faster than Z calculated values to that 1 P Z halts further iterations and final parameter values are displayed Further because of the sensitivity of eqn 1 when A values are between 05 and 0 then A is considered to possess a zero value line 3 165 1000 Insufficiently accurate data may also cause relatively large negative A1 values 165 and end less loops iterations to occur After 200 such iterations the screen
42. location 0200 or above am sure that there wil be SYM and AIM versions of Hypertape published soon perhaps in MICRO Maybe someone will even have the time to come up with a KIM LOAD program for the SYM and the AIM that can be tacked on the front of a tape to be exchanged in normal speed and which once loaded wil permit the load ing of KIM format programs and data into any address except for those occu pied by the loader itself which should be out of the way somewhere and at the higher speeds Until then keep the AIM and SYM loading problems in mind as you make plans to transfer your pro grams and data from one of the ASK family members to another H June 1979 SYM 2F BUG KILLER A Solution to the SYM 2 Bug The problem around SYM 1 with KIM e CODE IS COMPLETELY tape compatability solved at first by RELOCATABLE ACCESS 8B86 writing a small program that controls LOADT 8C 78 the DO 2 in the data str it 20 86 88 START ISR ACCESS CHKT ae inal will in a hecksum error too What the program En Us A BCS TWOF dees is simply store A onn that h babl t reenter t 60 wr tape reading as though there had not A9 2F TWOF LDAIM 2 been an error 20 78 8E JSR CHKT 00 LDYIM 00 9 FE STAIY 00FE E6 FE INC 00FE BUMP POINTERS 00 02 BNE OKAY Submitted by E6 FF INC 00FF BUMP HIGH A5 FC OKAY LDA CHAR Majvaenget 7 DK 6000 Koldin
43. n A en 55 rd The Netherlands 60 RTS Subscription One Year 12 Issues Please circle the correct category and write the amount in the space meng 2 Surface i United States 15 00 PO Box 6502 Other Countries 18 00 Chelmsford Mass 01824 Air Mail Central America 27 00 The BEST of MICRO Volume 1 contains all of the Europe So America 33 00 important material from the first six issues of MICRO All Other Countries 39 00 in book form JiP BEST of MICRO Volume 1 of MICRO Volume 2 is all six issues of Volume 2 Surface 57 09 numbers 7 to 12 at a special reduced price for a limited Mail 10 00 time only ALL of MICRO Volume 2 Surface 8 00 PACE PSUS Air Mail 12 00 No Surface 1 75 each _ Air Mail 2 75 each Surface 2 25 each _ Air Mail 3 25 each All Payments must be in US dollars Make checks payable to MICRO Foreign payments in International Money Order or cash only County If NOUS aa MT TD lots Please circle answers on questionnaire below to help us keep MICRO bringing you the type of information you want Microcomputers Owned Planning to Buy AIM SYM KIM PET APPLE OSI Other Peripherals Owned Planning to Buy Memory Disk Video Printer Terminal Other Languages Used Assembler BASIC FORTH PASCAL Other Your comments and suggestions on MICRO 86 05 F4 29 F4 OF 29
44. polymer poly styrene from gel permeation chroma tography techiques was entered in line 4200 and an arbitrary value of PO 99745 in line 65 Then run was carried out as follows MICRO 13 40 2 53999978E 5 2 5299997 E 05 2 51999965E 05 2 50999955E 05 2 49999948E 03 2 4899994 E 5 2 4799993 3E 03 2 49536302E 03 2 492 75496E 05 2 4901 2109E 03 2 48747276 03 2 48481487 03 2 48216115 03 2 47951866E 05 VALUES OF amp 1 65 AND 2 48 03 AND CORRELATION COEFF 2 9999 W X 0BSD W X CALCD 7 45 04 7 55E 04 7 62 04 7 6E 04 7 3E 04 7 24E 04 4 4 E 04 4 4E 04 2 9E 04 2 9 04 1 3E 04 1 3 04 2 1 05 2 E 05 1979 AIM 6522 Based Frequency Counter The AIM 65 obviously is going to find its way into the electronics laboratory Here it is used as a frequency counter The program listed performs as a six digit frequency counter It will count at least as fast as 450 kHz perhaps faster A simple interface circuit is shown in Figure 1 Although the signal to be measured could be connected directly to the PB6 pulse counting pin of the 6522 prefer not to connect strange and unknown signals directly to the com puter In any case the signal pulses to be counted should really be shaped into the form of a square wave before they ap pear at PB6 The counter uses timer T1 n a free run ning mode with 50 000 clock cycles be tween settings of it
45. schematic in Figure 1 shows the schematic for the tone and relay driver board and the com ponents that will be needed to construct the board Pref board and a wire wrap socket can be used for the construction of the board or you can etch a board if you feel that would be a more desirable method A printed circuit board layout was not included in this article because it was felt that the user could use any method that was thought best The con nections to the PIA port on the 500 CPU board can be any length of wire 1 used ribbon wire and etched a small board that would mate with a Molex male 12 MICRO 13 13 pin connector such as the connectors on the 480 backplane board This maie plug connects to the 500 CPU board at the B side port connector on the 500 CPU board The power for the Tone board is taken from the computer except the 12 volt DC for the relay This must be ob tained from another source Be sure that the external power source ground be connected to the tone board ground in order for the relay keying transistor to work correctiy A note of warning must be given at this point The memory size must be set to 3071 decimal when bringing up BASIC This will be for the protection of the machine code routine that is stored above 0000 Hex in conclusion the program as written does not have any buffer so typing ahead is not possible This leaves the program open for modifications such as install ing the buffer Also hav
46. table starting a 0300 must be loaded into memory for the HEX to BCD conversion to work The symbol table given may help you if you wish to modify the program or if you want to change it to run on a microcom puter other than the AIM 65 Also I would be interested in knowing an exact upper limit for the frequency at which it will operate and in any further im provements to the rate at which it will count Currently do not have enough time to do this experimentation myself Table ADDRESS TABLE FOR THE AIM 65 FREQUENCY COUNTER A000 PBD ORB A002 PBDD DDRB A004 T1L L Read 005 T1L H 006 T1L L Write 008 T2L L 009 2 IFR A404 IRQL A405 IRQH 0000 z Count to twenty register 0001 Display register low order byte 0002 Display register middle order byte 0003 Display register high order byte 0010 Low order byte of count from timer T2 0011 RS High order byte of count from timer T2 0340 z Starting address of display subroutine 0295 Starting address of IRQ routine MICRO 13 41 baat LAI Li ooo o3 Ln DM 15 COS EL rb 7404 PB 1 Li 7400 1 Figure it for the AIM 65 Frequency Counter Using the 6522 VIA
47. the black reversed characters have less apparent intensity variation that is they look evener The reversed video connection is indicated in the schematics but there is no pro vision made in the printed wiring so that it is necessary to cut a printed con ductor The junction of R 11 and R 23 is FROM U13 555 PIN 3 James L Cass 19559 Tulsa Street Northridge CA 91326 moved from Pin 8 to Pins 9 10 11 of the IC at 04 1 installed a switch near the keyboard with short direct small wires but find that could have left the wiring at reversed with no loss Conclusions Doubling the CPU clock rate and hence the speed of the C2 4P is quite easy to do The main risk is that some 2114 type RAM chips may be too slow The data rate in the cassette interface can be doubled to 600 baud but only with some effort and decrease in reliability 1200 baud does not work Reversing the video to display black characters on white is relatively simple and the re versed video format is preferred by everyone Cassette speed selection and normal reverse video are conveniently brought to switches installed near the keyboard 7476 U1 PIN 1 amp 6 TO 6850 7474 CIRCUIT June 1979 A 6502 INFORMATION RESOURCES UPDATED A list of regular publications which have material of interest to 6502 users Did you ever wonder just what magazines were the richest sources of information on the 6502 micro pr
48. this material Don t feel bad Because know of no SWEET 16 assembler writing this program was actually harder than the machine language version Machine Language for Speed The machine language implementation of SHELL METZNER was not difficult because was almost translating direct ly from each BASIC statement into equivalent functions in machine code you can see by the listing in Figure 2 made extensive use of PAGE ZERO addressing both to cut down on code and increase speed left in BASIC the I O routines and setup necessary to prepare the sort since this is quite easy in BASIC and already had the pro gram written from the first probl m The actual sort algorhythm is the only part programmed in machine code Thus we get the benefit of BASIC for printing etc in 196 of the execution and the machine code speed for the repeta tive looping in 99 of the execution Using this machine language sort is rel atively easy The BASIC routine in Figure 3 sets up the variables needed by the sort and calis the machine language routine It can be substituted for the sort routine in the BASIC version in Figure 1 lines 1000 1900 The sort routine itself in Figure 2 is loaded at address 300 302 This routine is easily relocatable to any other address say 800 if you are using 300 for another routine All you need to do is load it where desired and change the last two instructions 2 JMP commands to re
49. those pages You might want to examine this code sometime in the KIM monitor listings as it is quite instructive The AIM programmers were only smart about the KIM format not super smart They gave the multiple speeds but did not write the loader is such a way that it could load over the page one stack So the loader works fine until it hits the stack that is being used by the loader itself Then it SELF DESTRUCTS It over writes a return address in the stack and then returns to never never land Where it goes will depend on the byte of data that over writes the stack do not know of any simple solution to this problem You can of course div de your KIM program into two portions 0000 to 01 0 or there abouts think it bombs at about O1FB but have not done any detailed testing and 0200 and up This assumes that you have access to a KIM If not my friend am afraid you have a real problem Reading KIM Tapes with the SYM The SYM monitor bug which causes loading of KIM tapes to abort when it encounters a 2F has been document ed in previous columns is cured by Skov s program and is flxed in the new SYM SY1 1 version of the monitor It will not be discussed here With the 2F bug fixed the SYM still has problems with reading KIM format tapes The prob lem is the same as discussed with the AIM above It can NOT load over the end of the page one stack The SYM has an Robert M Tripp Ph D The Comput
50. will display a statement that the data may not be ac curate enough to achieve closed para meter values line 4155 However it is also possible that due to an unfortunate choice of a PO value in line 465 more than 200 iterations will be required prior Dr L S Reich 3 Wessman Drive W Orange NJ 07052 to the display of final values Hence the additional statement in line 155 that another value of PO should be entered in line 65 and another run attempted If another run is made and a similar situa tion arises then omitting W R R data at low values of R and or at very high values of R may afford closed parameter values the former W R R values general ly lie along the steepest part of a distribution curve and are subject to er rors in W R while the latter values lie along a relatively flat portion of the curve and are subject to errors in R From the preceding data in 200 must be derived from precise experimental techniques which are available e g gel permeation chromatography due to eqn 1 sensi tivity to relatively small inaccuracies in data which are prone to occur at the tail ends of a distribution curve Prior to the display of final results values of Z trial and Z calcd will be compared in tabular form on the screen line s 68 155 in order to apprise the viewer of the status of the iterative cal culations in progress After final para meter values have been displayed values of
51. 0 board The address for the PIA is 63232 decimal or F700 hex on the 500 CPU board The program was written to service the 6820 at this location The BASIC program uses the B side of the 6820 as the output and PBO is the specific port PBO of the PIA is con nected to a tone oscillator board to generate the sidetone and a relay driver on the board is used to drive a 12 volt relay that keys the transmitter The BASIC Morse Keyboard program is written in MicroSoft BASIC Assembly Language The Assembly por tion of the program is stored n DATA Statements and is entered into user memory with the READ and POKE func tions of BASIC On initialization the DATA at line 1620 is READ and POKED into memory with the FOR NEXT loop at line 1605 This machine code store subroutine is called at line 15 at the beginning of the program The machine code routine is stored at hex OCOO This June 1979 machine code routine calls up the system monitor to get the ASCI code from the system keyboard When a key is struck on the keyboard the ASCII equivalent of the letter or number is placed in the accumulator of the 6502 microprocessor The ASCII character is then stored at hex OFOO where it will be available for the BASIC program to cap ture it with a PEEK statement This PEEK statement is located at line 125 of the BASIC program The contents of hex OFOO will hold the present keyboard ASCII entry and after being read with the PEEK statem
52. 00 POWER PLUS 5 24 5V at 5A 24 at 2 5A 12V at 1A 9500 POWER A PLUS SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE AIM 65 Small Enough to Fit Inside the AIM Enclosure Enough Power for the AIM 65 Fully Loaded Plus an Additional Board Works on 115VI60H z or 230V 50Hz Provides Regulated at SA and 24 at 1A Grounded Three Wire Power Cord ON OFF Switch and Pilot Light POWER A PLUS 55000 POWER 24935 ALL THE POWER A KIM 1ISYM 1 NEEDS Neat Compact Economical Thousands in Use INPUT 115V 60H 2 OUTPUTS Regulated SV at 1 44 12V at 1 0 Unregulated up to 4 3A 16V up to 1 0A Will Power a KIM 1 YM 1 and one Additional Bcard Such as MEMORY PLUS or VIDEO PLUS SUPERSCOPE C 190 by Marantz A High Quality Cassette Recorder with aH the Features Required for Microcomputer Systems VU Meter Displays Recording Level 11 AC or 4 VDC or Battery Operation Tape Location Counter Three Recording Methods Variable Speed Control 2096 Remote Control Leaves Electronics ON SUPERSCOPE C 190 9900 617 256 3649 3 PO Box 3 S Chelmsford MA O1824 MICRO 13 51 19 52 0207 0209 03DA 03DC O3DE 1 4 03 6 03 8 O3EC O3F 1 03F 3 E6 60 SYMBOL NOTE DELTIM TLENTH HIFLG FSTFLG DELA YA TTBPTR TEMNOT DTHREE KEYLNT LETNUM DISNTS SUB DISZER DIS NEXT PLAYB GTNOTE DNOTES TONE TIMOUT S
53. 03 00 F4 F4 2F FB 04 FE F4 FO FO 02 2F ED 00 00 00 00 PET CASSETTE READ ROUTINE FOR SYM 1 BY DAVE KEMP JANUARY 1979 PETCAS READS A PET FORMAT CASSETTE RECORD AND STORES THE DATA IN A BUFFER STARTING AT 200 RUN IT TYPE G 0 CONTROL IS RETURNED TO SUPERMON AFTER THE FIRST COPY OF THE DATA HAS BEEN READ LOCATIONS ADH AND ADL POINT TO THE NEXT FREE BUFFER LOCATION LAST BYTE READ 1 ADL 00 0 BUFFER POINTER ADH 00F 1 00F2 GETBIT TEMPORARY 00F3 PARITY GENERATOR TEMPORARY PECNT 00 4 PARITY ERROR COUNT PAR 00FE PARITY ERROR MARKER VALUE ARBITRARY TAPE A000 CASSETTE INPUT PORT PB6 DIGANA A001 DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER OUTPUT ORG 0000 PETCAS LDAIM 02 SET BUFFER ADDRESS TO 0200 STA STA LDAIM 00 STA JSR GET A BYTE BMI JMP 5 LEADER NOT STABLE YET PETX PECNT BE SURE LEADER 15 VALID BNE PETCB JSR GBYTE GET BYTE BMI PETCB LOOP UNTIL END OF LEADER PETCC BCS PETCD DATA VALID LDAIM PAR NO PARITY ERROR INC INCREMENT ERROR COUNT PETCD 5 ADL SAVE IT IN BUFFER ADL ADVANCE BUFFER POINTER BNE INC ADH JSR GBYTE GET ANOTHER BYTE BPL CONTINUE IF DATA RTS EXIT IF SHORTS GET A BYTE OF PET DATA June 1979 RETURN June 1979 0058 005B 005D 0060 0062 20
54. 1 RETURN 170 IF 44 THEN GOSUB 1540 1540 331133 RETURN 172 GOSUB 1000 1600 FOR R 3072 TO 3078 175 FOR I 1 TOF NEXT I 1605 READ Q POKE R Q NEXT R 180 FOR 1 TO G9 NEXT 1610 RETURN 190 GOTO 122 1620 DATA 32 237 254 141 0 15 96 June 1979 MICRO 13 15 995 FOR A FLOPPY DISK BASED C1 P M F 995 First floppy disk based computer for under 1000 Adramatic breakthrough in price and per formance Features OSI s ultra fast BASIC in ROM full graphics display capability and large library of software on disk including entertainment programs personal finance small business and home applications It s a complete pro grammable computer system ready to go Just plug in a video monitor or TV through an RF converter and be up and running Canbe expanded to 32K static RAM anda second mini floppy It also supports a printer modem real time clock and AC remote interface as well as OS 65D MEAE UE m V3 0 development disk operating system CHARGE ORDERS BOTH ACCEPTED 288 Norfolk St Cor Hampshire St 590 Commonwealth Ave Route 16B Cambridge Mass 02139 Boston Mass 02215 Union N H 03887 617 661 2670 617 247 0700 603 473 2323 A SYM phony in Stereo All you Symmers who are frustrated because you can not play the music from Star Wars on your systems take heart Here is a program that not only plays music but plays it STEREO Excellent tune player programs f
55. 1140 k 1150 ADRA EQ 00 ARRAY A ADDRESS 1160 LEN EQ 02 RECORD LENGTH 1170 N EQ 04 NUM OF RECORDS 1180 M EQ 506 M 1190 I EG 508 I RECORD 1 1200 L EQ SOA L RECORD L 1210 J EQ 0C J 1220 K EQ 0 K 1230 0 10 PTR TO ADDR OF A I 1240 PTRL 0 12 PTR TO ADDR OF A L 1250 ADRI EG 14 ADDR OF REC A T 1260 ADRL 16 ADDR OF REC A L 1270 1280 SORT ROUTINE 1290 1300 300 0300 46 07 1310 SORT LSR M z M 2 0502 66 06 1320 ROR M 0504 00 05 1550 BNE SRT1 IF M 20 0306 A5 07 1540 LDA 0508 00 01 1550 BNE SRT1 050 60 1560 RTS DONE 030B 38 1570 SRT1 SEC 0306 5 0 1580 LDA N 030 E5 06 1390 SBC M 0210 85 1400 STA 0512 5 05 1410 LDA 051 5 07 1420 SBC 0316 85 1450 STA 1 0318 01 1440 LDA 1 J s 1 031A 85 OC 1450 STA J 031C A9 00 1460 LDA HO 031E 85 0D 1470 STA 0320 2 OC 1480 SRT2 LDA J 0322 85 08 1490 STA I 052 00 1509 LDA Jt 0526 85 09 1510 STA Irl MICRO 13 24 June 1979 03285 05295 03285 032D 052 03315 0533535 02355 055375 03396 03385 033D 033F 0341 0343 0344 0346 0348 03GA 034C 0550 053515 03555 9355 0357 0359 03585 035D 035 03602 0569 0364 0366 0368 03695 03685 036D 036F 03712 0372 037 03765 03785 037A 037Be 037De O37F 0381 03835 0385 0587
56. 1K RAM 42000 4K RAM JUMP TO DISPLAY NOTES ENCLOSURE WITH BUILT IN POWER SUPPLY GET DELAY VALUE LOAD TIMER SPECIFICATIONS INPUT 110 220 VAC 50 60 Hz TEST TIMER OUTPUT 5V 5A 24V 1 GROUNDED THREE WIRE LINE CORD ON OFF SWITCH WITH PILOT LIGHT Enclosure has room for the AIM and one additional board MEMORY PLUS or VIDEO PLUS AIM PLUS 10090 AIM and PLUS 47500 617 256 3649 f PO Box 3 S Chelmsford MA O1824 BRANCH IF NOT RUN OUT REDUCE TIME VALUE START AGAIN REDUCE DELAY VALUE BRANCH IF NOT DNOE MICRO 13 49 0200 9 01 TONE LDAIM 01 OPEN PORT 020 8D 01 17 STA PADD 02 2 A9 20 SOUND LDAIM 20 START TIMER e 02 4 8D OF 17 STA STIMER 02E7 A6 2B NOTEX LDXZ NOTE FREQUENCY 02 9 NWAIT DEX O2EA DO FD BNE O2EC EE 00 17 INC PAD TOGGLE OUTPUT 02 9 80 LDAIM 80 TEST COUNTER 02F1 2C 07 17 TTIMER 02 4 30 05 BMI TIMOUT 02 6 E7 02 JMP NOTEX O2F 9 C6 2D TIMOUT DEC NOTE LENGTH 02 8 DO E5 BNE SOUND 02 60 RTS PLAY TUNE SOBRCUT INE 0300 ORG 0300 0300 AS 2A PLATUN LDA NOTNUM SET UP FIRST NOTE 0302 85 2E STA 0304 A9 00 LDAIM 00 0306 85 2F STA 0308 A5 27 LDA TNOTE PLAY NOTE 030A 85 2B STA PRMNOT 030C A5 24 LDA TLENTH 030E 85 2D STA 0310 20 DD 02 JSR TONE 0313 A5 23 LDA SAVFLG TEST FOR SAVE 031
57. 220 0220 0255 0255 0256 0258 MICRO 13 68 023B A9 85 A9 8D A9 8D A9 8D AD 29 FO AD 29 45 8D 4c AD 29 EA A2 00 4 07 01 00 02 02 07 02 00 40 OD 02 F8 01 02 12 02 F8 02 13 ED FD 15 0 0 A4 A4 02 A4 A4 02 02 SYM SPEAK TO ME BY JOHN GIERYIC MAY 1979 PAGE ZERO EQUATE MASK 0001 SYM REGISTER EQUATES VORBX A000 VIA OUTPUT REGISTER B VDDRB A002 VIA DATA DIRECTION REGISTER B ORB A402 6532 OUTPUT REGISTER DDRB A403 6532 DATA DIRECTION REGISTER B ORG 0200 START LDAIM 07 SET UP MASK STA 5 LDAIM 00 SET DATA DIRECTION FOR INPUT STA VDDRB IN VIA LDAIM BF SET DATA DIRECTION FOR OUTPUT STA DDRB 6532 LDAIM 07 TURN BIT ON OUTPUT STA ORB 6532 LOOPA LDA VORBX SAMPLE VIA INPUT ANDIM 40 BEQ LOOPB IF ZERO GO CLEAR LDA ORB IF NOT ZERO SET BIT ANDIM F 8 EOR MASK STA OUTPUT JMP LOOPA CHANGE ABOVE TO JMP DELAY TO CHANGE THE SAMPLE RATE FROM 40 000 TO 10 000 CPS LOCATION 224 33 ALSO CHANGE LOCATION 231 LOOPB LDA ORB CLEAR 8 NOP FOR TIMING STA ORB OUTPUT JMP 100 CHANGE ABOVE TO JMP DELAY TO CHANGE THE SAMPLE RATE FROM 40 000 TO 10 000 CPS LOCATION 231 25 ALSO CHANGE LOCATION 224 DELAY LDXIM bED 96 MICROSECOND DELAY LOOPC INX BNE 100 JMP LOOPA June 1979 e E
58. 22D 022F 0251 0255 0255 0257 0259 0228 023 023F 0240 0242 0245 0248 0249 0248 024E 0251 0252 0254 0257 0258 025A 025D 025F 0262 0264 0267 026A 026 0260 026 0270 0272 0274 0276 80 9 85 A4 Bl 85 C9 00 00 C8 Bl 85 A9 85 0 1 FO DO C6 10 30 20 AA C8 Bl 20 8D C8 Bl 20 8D C8 8D C8 Bl 8D A9 8D A9 20 AD 10 CA DO C8 DO E6 4C June 1979 00 03 03 04 00 01 04 01 01 00 00 E6 06 02 F2 F2 FA 00 FA 06 00 FA 05 00 06 00 05 77 1 01 47 04 F6 EE BB 05 05 17 AC 82 82 0 82 0 A4 8A A 02 REST OKAY RESET DUR DUTB START REFR STA LDAIM STA LDY LDAIY STA CMPIM BNE BRK INY LDAIY STA LDAIM STA LDYIM LDAIY BEQ CMPIM BNE DEC BPL BMI JSR TAX INY LDAIY JSR STA INY LDAIY JSR STA INY LDAIY STA INY LDAIY STA LDA IM STA LDA IM JSR LDA BPL DE X BNE INY INC JMP IERX 00 TUNES TUNES FIRST LOW FF OKAY FIRST HIGH 01 REPEAT 00 LOW REST FF OUTB REPEAT RESET DUR OUTBYT LOW OUTBYT TOL LOW OUTBYT TOC LOW TOLX LOW TOC X 77 STIME 01 OUTCHR RTIME REFR START DUR TUNES TUNES REST IER 0 INIT TUNE TABLE POINTER GET TUNE TABLE POINTER GET LOW ADDRESS FROM TABLE END OF TABLE ELSE RETURN TO MONITOR BUMP POINTER GET HIGH INIT REPEAT INDE
59. 5 C9 01 CMPIM 01 0317 FO 1A BEQ SAVEX 0319 A5 2A LDA NOTNUM TEST FOR NOTE 031B C9 00 CMPIM 00 NOT REQUIRED 0510 FO 13 BEQ RETURN 031 2F PLAYC LDXZ LOAD NEXT NOTE 0321 B5 60 LDAZX TUNTBL 0323 85 2B STA 0325 B5 A8 LDAZX LNTTBL LOAD NEXT LENGTH 0327 85 2D STA 0329 20 DD 02 JSR TONE PLAY NOTE 032C 6 2F INC SET UP FOR 032E C6 2 DEC TNTNUM NEXT NOTE 0330 10 ED BPL 0332 60 RETURN RTS 0333 A9 00 SAVEX LDAIM 00 RESET SAVE FLAG 0335 85 23 STA SAVFLG 0337 A9 01 LDAIM 01 NO PLAY 0339 85 27 STA 033B E6 2A INC NOTNUM LOAD NOTE INTO 033D A6 2A LDXZ NOTNUM TUNETABLE 033F AS 2B LDA 0341 95 60 STAZX TUNTBL 0343 A5 24 LDA LOAD LENGTH 0345 95 A8 STAZX LNTTBL INTO LENGTH TABLE 0347 20 AA 03 JSR DISPLY 034A 4C 00 05 JMP PLATUN 0356 ORG 0356 e MICRO 13 50 June 1979 B 0559 035C 035E 0360 0262 0264 0366 0368 026 036C D36F 0571 0575 0375 0286 0586 0589 038C 038E 0390 0392 0394 0396 98 39A 03AA O3AC 02 0380 0385 0385 0287 0285 0286 028 0251 0202 0264 0265 0207 02659 05 03CC O3CE 0300 0502 0304 20 20 C9 00 5 C9 FO B5 B5 4C A6 B5 85 60 20 20 C9 00 9 85 B5 85 60 June 1979 GET HIGH SUBROUTINE 40 1F GETHI JSR 6A 1 07 15 29 00 09 32 15 75 05 40 1F 6A 05 DA 01 29
60. 580 DATA PROGRAM 8 590 DATA PROGRAM 9 600 DATA PROGRAM 10 1000 END MICRO 13 12 i June 1979 The Basic Morse Keyboard For the HAMs here is a way to use your system to make an ASCII keyboard perform as a Morse keyboard Im plemented on an OSI system the program is in BASIC and should be readily convertible to other systems A computer as with any appliance should be a useful tool to aid the owner with his daily tasks or to bring enjoy ment Being an amateur radio operator and a computer hobbyist felt that the com puter should aid the operator with his tasks either when operating the station or other activities From this desire to have the computer as an assistant felt that one of the best uses for my com puter was to aid me in sending and receiving of the Morse code With this in mind went to work developing a pro gram that would allow me to use the ASCII keyboard as a Morse Keyboard The program and the interface informa tion in this article will help other amateur radio operators who own the OSI Challengers with a Model 500 CPU with the PIA port populated get on the air with the Keyboard First an explanation of my system is in order My computer system consists of the system boards sold by Ohio Scien tific Instruments have the Model 500 CPU with BASIC in ROM The PIA port is populated with a 6820 PIA and is ad dressed at the standard location on the 50
61. 6 sales tax includes KIM 1 format cassette tape User Manual Assembly Source and Object Listings and 8080 Time Of Day Clock Demo Order Info Send check or money order Author Dann McCreary Available from Dann McCreary Box 16435 M San Diego California 92116 Name Light Pen No 4 System Apple Memory 16K and ROM Board and Light Pen Language Apple Soft Description Program allows user to plot points on the screen in Low Res than converts the data to Hi Res Plot can be in colors Price 34 95 1 00 postage amp handling PA res add 6 sales tax Includes Light Pen and 4 other support programs Copies 20 Author Neil D Lipson Available from Progressive Software P O Box 273 Ply Mtg PA 19462 Name Morse Code System Apple Memory 16K Language Integer Basic Description Program allows user to learn morse code by typing English into computer and having morse code dots and dashes appear on the screen and hearing the beeps audio at the same time Program has transmis sion speed control Copies 10 Price 9 95 1 00 postage amp handling PA residents add 6 sales tax Includes Cassette with instructions Author Ed Hanley Available from Progressive Software P O Box 273 Ply Mtg PA 19462 MICRO 13 54 Name GRAFAX System OSI Challenger Memory 4k 6k optional with buffer Language BASIC and machine language Hardware Required Challenger 50 cpu 540 video with gra
62. 80 column dot matrix printer with plain oF forms handling tractor feed Has full PET With parallel interface 1245 00 graphic JOIN THE APPLE COMMUNICATION NETWORK PET 2025 printer 80 column dot matrix printer Plain APPLE COM NET paper printer with full PET graphics ic initiati PET 2040 Duat Drive Mini Floppy Disk Dual drive intelligent Computer Components of Orange County is initiating a mini floppy system 345 net Ur storage Bent On dignis a OWNERS We capacity aid cae A 1 095 00 nee e po edicate pple users Become CHARTER MEMBER of this APPLE TEAM helping us set PAD DE Drive Floppy Disk single ee Contact Dave Smith or Dwain Graham PET External Cassette Cassette player recorder to use with COMPLETE COMMUNICATION HARDWARE ET User Manual 1 d FOR YOUR APPLE 5379 00 al facets of user Bor ana UG tot p computers See if you qualify for a of OC P F Card and get great discounts on selected purchases for your Apple and PET Retrofit kit required for operation with PET 2001 8 WHY SHOULD YOU BUY FROM US Because we can help you solve your problems and answer your questions We don t claim to know everything but we try to help our customers to the full extent of our resources Prices subject to change COMPUTER COMPONENTS OF ORANGE COUNTY 6791 Westminster Ave Westminster CA 92685 714 891 2584 Ho
63. 90 cassette allows approx imately 13 large programs or files to be stored and accessed via this method Ac cess time to the last file on a C 90 cassette is approximately two minutes The program shown is pretty self ex planatory and easy to enter Usage of this method requires that the program be saved as the first program on every cassette To use the program press SHIFT RUN After the program is loaded and run DO NOT press STOP EJECT on the cassette drive The pro gram will inquire which drive you are us ing by displaying ENTER CASSETTE 1 OR2 After you enter the number only the pro gram will present a catalog of all files or programs on that tape Dummy names June 1979 will be listed for unused file locations like PROGRAM 1 PROGRAM 2 Although a C 90 cassette will hold 13 programs we have chosen to use only ten Next the program will ask if you wish to read or save a program by displaying READ OR CREATE PROGRAMIFILE RORC The program wil then ask which file you wish to read or write by displaying WHICH PROGRAM FILE I E 1 2 If you have entered a number greater than 1 the machine will display PRESS F FWD and HIT RETURN WHEN READY The program will skip the previous step if you ask for program file number 1 because the tape is already in the cor rect position If you enter R to read a filelprogram the program will advance the tape to the correct position stop and display HIT
64. AVE X GE TSRP LIGHT KEYTST TIMER SADD GETKE Y 26 05 40 JF 6A 3F 40 3F FO 44 24 INCNOT INC RTS NOTCNT INCREASE NOTE COUNT GET LENGTH SUBROUTINE GTLNTH LDAIM 03 KEYTST LODLNT STA JSR JSR LDXZ CMPZX BEQ DEC BPL RTS LDAZX STA RTS TABLE 2000 228E 0000 0020 0024 0028 002C 0050 0054 0058 003C 0040 0053 0100 0127 0180 019A 0104 021 0255 02 4 0200 02 9 0555 0586 03B5 O3DE 1704 1741 1 6A HINOTE TIMED NOTPTR SHPFLG PLENTH DELAYB NTBPTR TEMLEN DTWO LNTH LETTER NXTNOT NXGRPA DISLEN RPTC DOAGNB DELYA SVNOTE DELAY SOUND PLATUN GETHI RE TRNC WAITY LODLNT TTIMER SBD 0007 0021 0025 0029 002D 0031 0035 0039 003D 0044 0058 0104 013A 018A 01A5 01 1 0238 0265 02AC 02E2 0500 0356 039A 03C1 1707 1742 LNTPTR KEYIN TEST KEYPAD FOR GETKEY LENGTH LNTPTR KEYLNT LODLNT LNTPTR KEYTST LNTH LOAD LENGTH TLENTH SHPNOT TIMEC KEYPTR NOTNUM TNTNUM PNTPTR NOTCNT COUNT DONE LNSHP TUNTBL BEGIN NXGRPB RPTB LITE NUTUNE NOPLAY SAVE DELA NOTEX PLAYC LOADHI DISPLY INCNOT PAD STIMER PBDD 000E 0022 0026 002A 002E 0032 0036 003A 003E 0048 0060 010D 0153 018C 01 5 0200 0242 0291 0280 02 7 031F O36F 0207 1700 170F 1745 HISHRP SAVFLG TNOTE PRMNOT NE XNOT DELAYC DNTCNT DF DUR LNTPTR NTSHP LNTTBL RPT NXGRPC GTSHP WAIT NUNOTE GTREST DOAGN TEST
65. Al A1 1056 PRINT 1 1 1057 PRINT 1 1 1060 01 Al 1070 Al D1 Al 1080 Bl 01 Bl 1090 61 01 1100 PRINT CORRECTION FACTOR FO R RED A1 1110 PRINT CORRECTION FACTOR FO R BLUE 1120 PRINT CORRECTION FACTOR FO R YELLOWs Cl 1125 FOR I 1 TO 2000 NEXT I 1130 RETURN 10000 END EPROM PROGRAMMER Seltware aveilable 8 8085 2 80 6502 KIM 1 1802 The EP 2A 79 will program the 2704 2708 TMS 2708 2758 2716 TMS 2516 TMS 2716 TMS 2532 and 2732 PROM type is selected by a personality module which plugs into the front of the programmer Power requirements are 115 VAC 50 60 HZ at 15 watts It is supplied with a 36 inch ribbon cable 14 pin plus for connecting to microcomputer Requires 1 1 O ports Assembled and tested 145 Plus 15 25 for each personality module Specify software OPTIMAL TECHNOLOGY INC Bine Weed 127 Enriysville Ve 22936 Phone 804 973 5482 80 June 1979 PROGRESSIVE SOFTWARE PRESENTS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE For Your APPLE Software SALES FORECAST This program will give you the best forecast using the four most popular forecasting techniques such as linear regression log trend power curve trend and exponential smoothing The program uses artificial intelligence to make the decision on the best fit and displays aii resuits for manual opeation If desired Written by Nell D Lipson requires 16K memory
66. E IN RECORDS L I lt L I gt L I zL END OF RECORD NO NEXT BYTE RECORDS EQUAL ACI lt e gt ACL MICRO 13 25 038 91 12 2070 STA PTRL Y 0390 17 2080 LDA ADRL 1 0392 91 10 2090 STA PTRI Y 0594 38 2100 SEC 0595 5 08 2110 LDA I I z I M 0397 E5 06 2120 SBC M 0399 85 08 2130 STA I 039B 5 09 2140 LDA Itl 0390 E5 07 2150 SBC Mtl 059 85 09 2160 STA 05 1 90 06 2170 SRT8 05 5 DO 83 2180 SRT7 BNE SRT3 IF 1 2 0 THEN STR3 03455 08 2190 LDA I 03 7 DO FA 2200 BNE SRT7 03 9 E6 OC 2210 SRT8 INC J Joutl 05 DO 02 2220 BNE SRT9 03AD E6 00 2230 INC Jt O3AF gt 5 OF 2240 SRTO LDA 0381 C5 0D 2250 Jt1 IF J gt K 0585 90 0B 2260 BCC JMP2 THEN SORT 0385 DO 06 2270 JMP1 ELSE SRTA 0587 A5 OE 2280 LDA K 0389 C5 0C 2290 CMP J 0588 90 93 2500 2 0580 20 05 2510 UMP SRT2 CHANGE IF RELOCATED 05 0 4C 09 2520 JMP2 JMP SORT CHANGE IF RELOCATED 2550 300 3C2 0500 46 07 66 06 DO 05 A5 07 03085 DO 01 60 38 5 04 5 06 0310 B5 05 5 07 85 0518 9 01 85 0 9 00 85 0520 A5 0C 85 08 A5 OD 85 09 0328 18 5 08 65 06 85 DA 5 SYMBOL TABLE 0339 09 65 07 85 OB 00 85 0338 10 85 12 01 85 11 85 ADRA 0000 LEN 0002 N 0004 9340 15 AO 02 18 A5 10 65 08 M 0906 1 0098 L 000A 0348 85 10 11 65 09 85 11 J 000C K 009E 0019 0550 18 A5 12 65 0A 85 12
67. F6 CORRESPONDS TO KIM POINTL AT FA F5 CORRESPONDS TO KIM INH AT F9 Y KEEPS TRACK OF LOCATION IN DISBUF WHEN MULTIPLIED BY 2 AND LOCATION IN F5 F7 WHEN NOT Submitted by Pau W Zitzewitz Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 June 1979 SYM 1 6502 BASED MICROCOMPUTER FULLY ASSEMBLED AND COMPLETELY INTEGRATED SYSTEM that s ready to use ALL LSI IC S ARE IN SOCKETS 28 DOUBLE FUNCTION KEYPAD INCLUDING UP TO 24 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS EASY TO VIEW 6 DIGIT HEX LED DISPLAY KIM 1 HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY The powerful 6502 8 Bit MICROPROCESSOR whose advanced architectural features have made it one of the largest selling micros on the market today THREE ON BOARD PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMERS available to the user expandable to five on board 4K BYTE ROM RESIDENT MONITOR and Operating Programs Single 5 Volt power supply is all that is required 1K BYTES OF 2114 STATIC RAM onboard with sockets provided for immediate expansion to 4K bytes onboard with total memory expan sion to 65 536 bytes USER PROM ROM The system is equipped with 3 PROM ROM ex pansion sockets for 2316 2332 ROMs or 2716 EPROMs ENHANCED SOFTWARE with simplified user interface STANDARD INTERFACES INCLUDE Audio Cassette Recorder Interface with Remote Control Two modes 135 Baud KIM 1 compatible Hi Speed 1500 Baud Full duplex 20mA Teletype Interface System Expans
68. HAT TO SUBMIT MICRO is only interested in things which pertain to the 6502 microprocessor Since MICRO takes the 6502 seriously it is less in terested in games than in useful material Such as utility programs tutorials re sources interfacing techniques and so forth Complete ready to load and go programs preferred to think pieces Look at what we have published in the past as a guide to what types of articles we prefer TEXT material should be typed double spaced on one side on white paper Your name and a page number should appear on each page Try to ad here as much as possible to the format that MICRO uses for publication it saves us a lot of work Paragraphs are not indented sub headings are center ed figures are referenced as Figure 1 2 3 and tables as Table H IV You should suggest a title and may write a brief summary although this is not necessary PROGRAM LISTINGS All listings should be printed directly from your computer if possible with a new black ribbon on plain white paper f your list ings are clean enough to print then we do not have to typeset them decreasing the chance for typos Since line numbers used by your editor may be removed please make al references to your list ings by address or PC counter DRAWINGS and SCHEMATICS A good drawing can add a lot of visual in terest as well as information to your ar ticle We do not hav
69. HP INX JMP X RPTB LDAZX LNSHP STA DFOUR LDAIM 80 STA DELAYC LDAIM 7F STA SADD LDXIM 04 LDYIM FF LDAZX LETNUM STA SBD LDAZX COUNT STA SAD DEY BNE WAIT DEX BPL LITE LDYZ DELAYC DEY STYZ DELAYC BNE JSR KEYIN 258 03 BEQ JSR KEYIN JSR CMPIM 11 TEST FOR THIRD GROUP STORE NOTE SHAPE STORE NOTE SHAPE STORE SHARP SHAPE STORE ZERO SHAPE TEST FOR LENGTH STORE LENGTH SHAPE LOAD DISPLAY LIGHT TIME SET DIRECTION REGISTER SET UP 4 LETTERS AND DISPLAY LIGHT LETTERS DELAY GET NEXT LETTER DELAY TEST FOR NEXT NOTE TEST FOR START AGAIN PLUS 8K STATIC RAM Low Sockets for 8K Eprom 6522 1 0 Port ap d ON BOARD REGULATORS EPROM PROGRAMMER JT 200 jm FULLY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED UPPERAower case ASCII 128 Additional User Programmable Characters GRAPHICS SYMBOLS FOREIGN CHARACTERS Programmable Screen Format up to 80 CHARACTERS 24 LINES KEYBOARD end LIGHT PEN Interfaces Up to 4K DISPLAY RAM Provision for 2K EPROM Provision to add 8502 tor STAND ALONE SYSTEM ASSEMBLED AND TESTED WITH 2K DISPLAY RAM VIDEO PLUS 24500 MOTHER PLYS ADD UP TO FIVE ADDITIONAL BOARDS AIMISYMIKIM AUDIOITTY CONNECTIONS E POWER TERMINALS APPLICATION CONNECTORS FULL
70. ION ELLIAM ASSOCIATES SHORTY VIMTM SYM TV KIMTM OWNERS and any other KIMTM bus users buy the best 8K board available anywhere GRAND OPENING SPECIAL HDE 8K RAN S169 for 465 IndustriaUcommercial grade quality 100 hour high temp burn in low power KIM bus compatible pn for pin super quality amp reliabitity at below S 100 prices COMMERICALLY rated S 100 boards cost 25 75 more you expand your system expand with the bus optimized for 8 bit CPU s the Commodore Mos Technology 22 44 pin KIM bus now supported by Synertek MTU Rockwell International Problem Solver Systems the Comput erist RNB and others KIM 1 computer 179 00 KIM 4 Motherboard 3119 power sup ply for KIM 1 alone 45 enclosure for KIM 1 alone 29 HDE pro totype board with regulator heatsink switch address amp decodin logic included 49 50 book First Book of 9 95 Programming a Microcomputer 6502 8 95 SPECIAL PACKAGE DEAL 1 power supply BOTH books listed above ALL for 5208 HDE FILE ORIENTED DISK SYSTEM FODS FOR KIM BUS COMPUTERS Make your KIM or reiative the best 6502 develop ment system available at any price Expand with HDE s full size floppy system with FOOS Editor Assembler 2 pass assembler powerful editor compatible with ARESCO files KIM bus interface card fast 6502 controller handies data transfer at maximum IBM single density speed for excellent reli
71. M SYSTEMS MODULES to be used with an 5 22 port or terainal XFANDR1 Exrander Module TEA Allows up to 128 8 bil analog inputs 8 6 Modules to be connected me SYSTEMS sets AIM161 Starter Set Includes one 1 1 one one ICON and one OCON 189 00 162 Starter Set 259 00 Includes one AIN142 one ICON and OCON Includes PETM0D one CABLE A24 one one POWI and one KIMSET1a Includes one ome CABLE A24 one 1 one and one MODI 295 00 285 00 APPLE 11 PROFESSIONAL PIE TEXT EDITOR PIE PROGRAMMA IMPROVED EDITOR is a two dimensional cursor based editor ad specifically for use with memory and cursor based CRT s It is totally verent from the usual line based editors which were originally designed for Teletypes The keys of the system input keyboard are assigned specific PIE Editor function commands Some of the features included in the PIE system are Blinking Cursor Cursor movement up down right left plus tabs Character insert and delete String search forwards and backwards Page scrolling GOTO line number plus top or bottom of file Line insert and delete anywhere on screen Move and copy single and multiple lines Append and clear to end of line Efficient memory usage The following commands are available in the PIE Text Editor and each is execu
72. NT IHFUT DATA S INPUT 1909 X VAL X 1Y VAL 138 REM CALCULATING SUMS OF COE FFICIENTS A0 Y IF THEN X X 360 k 6 28318 FOR I 1 TO ACI SIN I X X t ACT aid COS CI X X BI NEXT I N Nt 1 IF T ABS YO THEN T ARS Y GOTO 210 REM CALCULAT ING COEFFICIENT AVERAGES FOR I 1 TO 5 ACI ACI N 2 e BCI N k 2 NEXT I HOME PRINT TERMS THE FOURIER SERIES ARE PRINT PRINT TERM 1 i WIL L BE ZERO IF GRAPH IS PRINT SYMMETRICAL PRINT FA0 PRINT TERM 2 3H 1 GOSUR 1200 PRINT TERM 43 GOSUB 1210 PRINT TERM 44 iH 2 GOSUB 1200 2 PRINT TERM 5 GOSUB 1210 PRINT TERM 46 3 GOSUBE 1290 I PRINT TERM 47 GOSUR 1210 PRINT TERM 8 H 4 GOSUB 1290 PRINT TERM 49 GOSUR 1210 June 1979 Tables through IV list data points for various standard reference curves It is interesting to go through them to see the Table Three Point Triangular harmonic patterns for each For exam X Y ple the triangular wave is an all odd harmonic system The sawtooth wave 90 1 which is the basis for many electronic 180 0 music generators is the sum of all har 270 24 monics to infinity 360 0 Table 11 Table Table IV Triangular Sawtooth Square x Y 2 160 3 20 8 20 1 140 2 40 7 40 1 w120
73. PPLE SEED Bill Hyde The Computer Shop 6812 San Pedro San Antonio TX 78216 KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING 18 00 per year Kilobaud Magazine Peterborough NH 03458 BYTE 18 00 per year Byte Publications Inc 70 Main St Peterborough NH 03458 DR DOBB S JOURNAL 15 00 per year 10 issues People s Computer Co Box E 1263 Camino Real Menlo Park CA 94025 ON LINE 3 75 per year 18 issues D H Beetle 24695 Santa Cruz Hwy Los Gatos CA 95030 RECREATIONAL COMPUTING formerly PEORLE S COMPUTERS 10 00 per year 6 issues People s Computer Co 1263 El Camino Real Box E Menio Park CA 94025 MICRO 13 29 INTERFACE AGE 18 00 per year McPheters Wolfe amp Jones 16704 Marquardt Ave Cerritos CA 90701 POPULAR ELECTRONICS 12 00 per year Popular Electronics One Park Ave New York NY 10016 PERSONAL COMPUTING 14 00 per year Benwill Publishing Corp 1050 Commonwealth Ave Boston MA 02215 73 MAGAZINE 15 00 per year 73 Inc Peterborough NH CREATIVE COMPUTING 15 00 per year Creative Computing P O Box 789 M Morristown NJ 07960 SSSCINTERFACE Southern California Computer Soc 1702 Ashland Santa Monica CA 90405 EDN Electronic Design News 25 00 per year Cahners Publishing Co 270 St Paul St Denver CO 80206 RADIO ELECTRONICS 8 75 per year Gernsback Publications Inc 200 Park Ave South New York NY 10003 QST 12 00 per year American Radio Relay League 225 Ma
74. R K 1 TO 2 READ W 2 K 40 IF W 2 1 0 THEN 60 50 NEXT K J 60 J 2 1 64 REM 65 LISTS THE INITIAL VALUE OF P amp S 70 100 ALLOW FOR A LEAST SQUARES TREATMENT OF THE DATA 65 PO 99745 68 PRINT PRINT Z VALUES TRIAL TAB 21 Z VALUES CALCD PRINT s TAB 21 70 P PO 75 FOR I 1 TO 3 80 Y W I 1 W I 2 W I 2 1 1 P 2 X W I 2 1 P 90 XY XY X Y XX XX X X SX SX X E SY Y Y Y 100 NEXT 105 REM IN S 110 120 ARE GIVEN THE LEAST SQUARE SLOPE A2 INTERCEPT 1 amp THE CORRELATION COEFF 110 J XY SX SY J XX SX 2 SY J A2 SX J 120 R XY J SX J SY 3 SQR XX SX SX J SQR YY SY 5 2 150 REM 5 140 150 ALLOW THE CALCULATION OF Z AND THE ADJUSTMENT OF PO IF 7 lt 0 140 Z 2 A2 1 150 IF gt 1 OR Z 0 THEN PO PO 00001 0 SX 0 SY 0 0 GOTO 70 152 REM 155 INDICATES A POSSIBLE ENDLESS LOOP amp 156 LOWERS THE INITIAL VALUE OF PO IN LINE 65 IF 1 0 lt 7 155 PRINT 1 P TAB 21 7 PC PC 1 IF gt 200 THEN PRINT PRINT THE PROGRAM IS GOING THRU AN ENDLESS LOOP THE DATA MAY NOT BE ACCURATE ENOUGH TRY ANOTHER VALUE OF PO IN 65 amp SEE IF THERE IS ANY CH NGE END 156 IF 1 0 lt 7 OR 7 lt 0 THEN PO PO 00001 XX 0 XY 0 0 SX 0 SY 0 GOTO 70 158 REM 163 LOWERS PO VALUE IF 1 gt
75. ROGRAM FILE LOCATOR 80 PRINT 90 INPUT ENTER CASSETTE 1 OR 2 CA 100 READ X 110 DIM C X 120 FOR I 1 TO X 130 READC I 140 PRINTC I 150 NEXT I 160 PRINT INPUT READ OR CREATE PROGRAM FILE OR C R 170 INPUT WHICH PROGRAM FILE 1 2 WP 180 IF WP 1 THEN 240 190 REM STATEMENTS 200 AND 210 INITIALIZE THE MOTOR OFF 200 IF CA 1 THEN POKE 59411 61 210 IF CA 2 THEN POKE 59456 223 220 PRINT PRESS F FWD AND HIT RETURN WHEN READY 230 REM STATEMENT 240 WAITS FOR RETURN TO BE DEPRESSED 240 GET 1 1 THEN 240 250 REM STATEMENTS 260 AND 270 TURN ON SELECTED MOTOR 260 IF CA 1 THEN POKE 59411 53 270 IF CA 2 THEN POKE 59456 207 280 T TI 290 REM STATEMENT 300 WAITS FOR TAPE TO ADVANCE TO SELECTED FILE 300 IF TI lt T 10 60 WP 1 THEN 300 310 REM STATEMENTS 320 AND 330 TURN THE MOTOR OFF 320 IF CA 1 THEN POKE 59411 61 330 IF CA 2 THEN POKE 59456 223 340 PRINT 350 IF R R THEN PRINT HIT STOP EJECT AND LOAD AS USUAL 360 PRINT IF R R THEN 500 370 IF R C THEN PRINT HIT STOP EJECT 380 PRINT IS NOW READY TO SAVE NEW PROGRAM F ILE 390 REM CHANGE NUMBER IN STATEMENT 500 TO CHANGE THE MAX 400 REM NUMBER OF PROGRAMS PER CASSETTE 410 REM CHANGE NAMES IN STATEMENTS 510 THRU 600 420 REM TO YOUR PROGRAM NAMES 500 DATA 10 510 DATA PROGRAM 1 520 DATA PROGRAM 2 530 DATA PROGRAM 3 540 DATA PROGRAM 4 550 DATA PROGRAM 5 560 DATA PROGRAM 6 570 DATA PROGRAM 7
76. S 90 LMz PEEK 204 PEEK 205 k256 HMz PEEK 202 PEEK 205 256 95 REM 100 REM FILL MEMORY WITH DATA k kkkkk 105 REM PRINT PRINT CREATING RANDOM STRINGS IF LMFLEN amp NUMCHM THEN 140 130 PRINT TOO MUCH DATA POKE RND 26 1935 NEXT X 200 REM kkkkkk INITIALIZE MEMORY POINTER ARRAY kkkkkk 140 FOR X21 TO LENKNUM 150 REM 205 REM 210 ASz A GOSUB 4000 220 230 T A X GOSUB 3000 240 NEXT X 250 REM MICRO 13 22 FOR X21 TO 1 kLENFLMt June 1979 1000 1019 1100 1200 1300 1400 1590 1609 1700 1809 1909 1910 2000 2005 2010 2020 2050 20 0 2050 2060 5000 5005 5010 5020 5050 5040 5050 5069 4000 005 4019 4020 4050 4040 050 1090 1010 1100 1200 1309 1400 1500 REM kkkkk SORT ROUTINE kkkkkk REM PRINT PRINT STARTING SORT 2 IF 0 THEN 1900 KzN M Jz1 LZIFM IIZA I PSLLZA L FOR Xs0 TO 13 PEEK PEEK LLEFX IF THEN 1800 IF W 0 THEN 1700 NEXT X GOTO 1800 THACTI SACI SACL SA L 3T ICI M IF I gt 21 THEN 1500 JzJk1 IF J gt K THEN 1500 GOTO 1409 PRINT PRINT ENDING SORT REM REM PRINT RESULTS kkkkk REM A z A GOSUB 4000 FOR 1 TO NUM GOSUB 3000 NEXT X END REM REM STRING PRINT ROUTINE REM FOR Zz0 TO LEN 1 POKE ADDREZ PEEK
77. W R obsd and W R calcd are compared in tabular form line 3 190 500 520 Explanatory REM statements are to be found in line s 9 64 105 130 152 158 and ca 3 3 5K bytes are required depend ing upon the amount of data entered the data is limited to 19 W R R pairs Apple soft li Basic in ROM was employed and a run as given in the Program Example section required ca 1 min but this can vary considerably depending upon the accuracy of the data and the initial choice of the PO value more iterations are necessary when the PO value is fur ther away from the true P value Finally it may be noted that the parameter Values A and Z can be used to estimate various pertinent quantities e g the so called weignt average degree of poly merization of a polymer which is equal to 3 A Z June 1979 d 6 Program Listing 5 PRINT THIS PROGRAM ALLOWS THE PRECISE CALCULATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERS A amp 1 FOR FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION WEIGHT FRACTION VS DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION DP DATA IS ENTERED IN LINE 200 PRINT THE INITIAL VALUE OF P ARBITRARILY CHOSEN BETWEEN 995 999 IS ENTERED IN LINE 65 3 3 5 BYTES ARE REQUIRED AND EXPLANATORY STATEMENTS ARE IN LINE S 9 64 105 130 152 158 STOP 9 REM S 10 60 ALLOW THE FORMATION OF THE ARRAY W J K FOR WT FRACTION VS DP DATA IN LINE 200 10 DIM W 20 2 20 FOR J 1 TO 50 30 FO
78. X START THE TUNE READ THE DURATION IF ZERO RESTART THE TUNE IF DURATION FF CHECK TO SEE IF REPEAT HAS TEST SECOND TIME THROUGH REPEAT UNTIL MINUS CONTINUE DISPLAY DURATION PLACE DURATION IN X INCREMENT DATA INDEX READ THE LOWER PORTION OF FREQUENCY ONE DISPLAY IT AND STORE IT IN A LATCH INCREMENT THE DATA INDEX READ THE HIGHER PORTION OF FREQ ONE DISPLAY IT AND STORE IT IN A LATCH INCREMENT THE DATA INDEX READ THE LOWER PORTION OF FREQ 2 AND STORE IT INCREMENT THE DATA INDEX READ THE HIGHER PORTION OF FREQ 2 AND STORE IT START THE 6532 TIMER ON A 0 01 SECOND COUNT REFRESH THE DISPLAY READ THE 6532 TIMER AND WAIT FOR TIME OUT DECREMENT THE DURATION RESTART TIMER IF NOT ZERO INCR THE NOTE INDEX BUMP TUNES POINTER TWICE 2 MiCRO 13 19 We have the Most Complete Stock of APPLE and PET Software in Southern California Send for our Catalog 1 00 16K RAM CHIP SET FOR APPLE Il Reference Books For APPLE and PET owners Programming the 6502 ONLY Tested amp Burned PET User Manual New from Commodore 9 95 WORKSHOPS Call for details First Book OF KIM 8 95 e PET 3rd Saturday of the Month MOS Tech Programming Manual 6502 e APPLE 4th Saturday of the Month MOS Tech Hardware Manual CLASSES Apple Topics We offer a series of classes on Apple Il to aquaint owners with some of the unique features and capabilities of th
79. XIM LDA CMPIM BEQ CMPZX BEQ INX JMP SEC TXA SBCIM BCS LDAZX STA LDAIM STA STA JMP SEC TXA SBCIM BCS TXA SBCIM TAX LDAZX STA LDAIM STA LDAIM STA JMP 0F 0D 0B 09 00 F9 F 7 ED 0060 00A8 ROUTINE 0100 01 DNTCNT DNTCNT NOTCNT BEGIN DOAGNB DNTCNT TUNTBL TEMNOT LNTTBL TEMLEN 00 TEMNOT 01 DISZER NOTE SUB RPT 07 NXGRPA NTSHP DTWO CO DONE DTHREE DISLEN 0E NXGRPB 06 NTSHP DTWO F 6 DONE CO DTHRE DISLEN LETTER SHAPES TUNE TABLE LENGTH TABLE e RESET DISPLAY NOTE COUNT TEST FOR END STORE NOTE AND LENGTH TEST FOR TEST TEST FOR NOTE TEST FOR FIRST GROUP STORE NOTE SHAPE TEST FOR SECOND GROUP STORE NOTE SHAPE STORE HI SHAPE June 1979 3 9 0155 38 0182 DO FD 01B5 10 EE 01B7 A4 53 01BA 84 33 01 20 40 0151 20 6A 01C4 C9 05 01C6 d 0C 01C8 20 40 01 20 6A C9 11 01 01 01 17 17 17 IF NXGRPB NXGRPC DISZER DISLEN RPTB GTSHP DIS RPTC LITE WAIT SEC SBCIM 15 BCS TXA SBCIM 0D TAX LDAZX NTSHP STA DTWO LDAIM ED STA DTHREE LDAIM CO STA DONE JMP DISLEN SEC TXA SBCIM 15 TAX LDAZX NTSHP STA DTWO LDAIM ED STA DTHREE LDAIM F6 STA DONE JMP DISLEN LDAIM BF STA DIWDO LDAIM CO STA STA DTHREE LDXIM 00 CMPZX LNTH GTS
80. Y BUFFERED FULLY DECODED KIM 4 Bus Structure FOR MOTHER PLUS 8000 FULLY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED PROTO PLYS AIMISYMIKIM Same SIZE and SHAPE as 5 Professional Quality Double Sided Plated through Holes Two Sets of GOLD Plated Dual 22 Fingers Designed for WIRE WRAP or SOLDER Connections Provisions for 40 14 16 pin sockets 4 24 40 pin sockets 3 voltage regulators PROTO PLUS 4099 617 256 3649 COMPUTERIST PO Box 3 S Chelmsford MA O18724 MICRO 13 47 0100 FO OF BEQ DCAGNB 01D2 DO C6 BNE DIS 0104 20 AC 02 NEXT JSR DELAY 01D7 E6 37 INC INCREMENT DISPLAY NOTE 01D9 A2 FF LDXIM FF COUNT RESET STACK 010 9 TXS POINTER 010 EA NOP PADDING 0100 EA NOP 010 4C 04 01 JMP 01 1 A9 00 DOAGNB LDAIM 00 01 3 85 36 NOTCNT 01 5 4C 00 02 JMP NUTUNE 15 16 17 MAIN PROGRAM 0200 ORG 0200 0200 A9 00 NUTUNE LDAIM 00 INITIALIZE TUNE 0202 85 23 STA SAVFLC 0204 85 2A STA NOTNUM 0206 85 2C STA FSTFLG 0208 A9 01 LDAIM 01 020A 85 60 STA TUNTBL 020C 85 A8 STA LNTTBL 020E 85 27 STA TNOTE 0210 A9 10 LDAIM 10 0212 85 24 STA TLENTH 0214 A9 06 NUNOTE LDAIM 06 INITIALIZE NOTE 0216 85 25 STA 0218 A9 OF LDAIM 0F 021A 85 26 STA KEYPTR 021 20 40 JF PLAYB JSR KEYIN TEST KEYPAD FOR NOTE 021F 20 6A F JSR 0222 5 26
81. abitity power supply for 4 drives patches to Johnson Computer Microsoft BASIC 45 day delivery Singie drive 1995 dual drive 2750 Shipping extra uniess order prepaid with cashier s check ALL items assembled tested guaranteed at least 90 days PLAINSMAN MICRO SYSTEMS div 5C Corporation Box 1712 Auburn Al 38830 205 745 7735 24000 Bessemer Street Woodland Hills Ca 91367 1 0 CASSETTES Tarbell Quality SCOTCH brand high out put low noise POSI TRAK back treated tape 9 Spring loaded pressure pad 5 screw take apart shell 9 Exclusive label Stock No EAC 10 CASSETTE LABELS 5626 6 Blank Fanfold 5626 8 Blank Fanfoid CLB R Blank Sheet 5626 B Biank Pack EA EBEA Printed Pack CLP R Printed Sheet MAILING LABELS 4815 1 22x 15 16 Fanfold 4 40 1000 5615 1 15 16 Fantold 4 40 1000 VOLUME AND DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE STOCK NO QUANTITY 13 50 10 26 00 20 6 Lines inch 8Lines Inch 15 Sheet 5 90 100 5 90 100 6 20 90 4 00 100 5 50 100 7 50 90 EA Label 15 Sheet Name Cal Tax 696 Address 3803 Peppereli City 1 800 633 8724 Continental U S except Exp Date Dealers for OSI COMMODORE COMPUCOLOR Card No ALTOS Signature Ww PREPAID ORDERS SHIPPED POSTPAID MICRO 13 60 Reading Pet Cassettes Without a Pet if you have ever wanted to read a program from a cassette written for
82. al write protect switches VAK 2 16K RAM Board with only 239 00 8K of populated VAK 3 Complete set of chips to 175 00 expand above board to 16K VAK 4 Fully populated 16K RAM 379 00 VAK 5 2708 EPROM PROGRAMMER This board requires a 5 VDC and 12 VDC but has a DC to DC multiplyer so there is no need for an additional power supply All software is resident in on board ROM and has a zero insertion socket VAK 5 2708 EPROM Programmer 269 00 VAK 6 EPROM BOARD This board will hold 8K of 2708 or 2758 or 16K of 2716 or 2516 EPROMs EPROMs not included VAK 6 EPROM Board 129 00 VAK 7 COMPLETE FLOPPY DISK SYSTEM May 79 VAK 8 PROTYPING BOARD This board allows you to create your own interfaces to plug into the motherboard Etched circuitry is provided for regulators address and data bus drivers with a large area for either wire wrapped or soldered IC circuitry VAK 8 Protyping Board 49 00 POWER SUPPLIES ALL POWER SUPPLIES are totally enclosed with grounded enclosures for safety AC power cord and carry a full 2 year warranty FULL SYSTEM POWER SUPPLY This power supply will handle a microcomputer and up to 65K of our VAK 4 RAM ADDITIONAL FEATURES ARE Over voltage Protection on 5 volts fused AC on off switch Equivalent to units selling for 225 00 or more Provides 5 VDC 10 Amps amp 12 VDC 1 Amp VAK EPS Power Supply 125 00 KIM is a product of MOS Technology ENTERPRISES
83. ams looking for dropped bits from memory did this since have two RAM chips marked 550 presumably not fast enough to qualify as 450 nsec but there was abso lutely no hint of dropped bits Instead have very snappy video display opera tion slightly fast keyboard repeat and best of all running times cut in half A machine language LIFE program up dates a full screen of 1792 cells 14 times a second Doubling the Bit Rate successfully doubled the bit rate of my cassette interface from 300 to 600 baud after speeding up my CPU naturally tried 1200 baud while it seemed to read properly the load program seemed to choke up on very long 64 to 71 charac ter lines sometimes and miss the CR and next line The 555 IC oscillator fre quency is doubled from 4800 to 9600 Hz by substitutiong a 0 01 mfd capacitor for the 0 022 and then adjusting the trimpot MICRO 13 28 A frequency counter is a big help if not essential Since the tone frequencies should remain at 1200 and 2400 Hz an extra divider is needed The unused half of the 7474 already in the interface works nicely or you can install a 74163 in the convenient prototyping vacant space and get several baud rates for printers and the like Rate selection can be conveniently brought to a switch mounted to the left of the keyboard Figure 1 shows the circuit using the 7474 have found reversed video to be much easier to view for extended periods Also
84. an subtract 1 00 for each program which we place on the disk Order 5 pro grams and you get the disk free The above program has been modified for disk files Will MAIL LIST be placed on a disk by itself which you can then use for your mailing list 19 95 FLASH We have just acquired the rights to distribute a linking loader for BASIC programs This will allow you to link ex clusively numbered BASIC subroutines in memory No serious programmer should be without this useful pro gramming tool Bre M und 1 2 95 An ideal companion to the linking loader will be our library of useful subroutines which can be linked into your own program Currently over 25 useful routines are included These range from plotting utilities to a beautiful display of rolling dice Write or call for a list or order the setTor onlys sies Ls ve Ee Shwe a Pac EX ESAE PA C 49 95 Remember that we GUARANTEE that your order will be shipped within four business days from receipt or you will receive a coupon for a discount on a future purchase Charge your order to DR DALEY 425 Grove Avenue Berrien Springs Michigan 49103 Phone 616 471 5514 Sun to Thurs noon to 9 p m eastern time Case the Missing Tape Counter The lack of a tape counter on the PET cassette tape unit has led to hours of frustration The technique presented here provides a fairly automati
85. any other n its class KIM 1 is a product of MOS Technology 445 00 Add a Printer to Your Apple With our PC Board that interfaces with the highly popular Southwest Technical Products PR 40 Printer Both our Printer Interface and PR 40 Printer are available at computer stores Printer Interface Apple Il to PR 40 interface is completely assembled tested and guaranteed Including Interconnecting cable software stored on audio cassette PC Board which plugs directly into your APPLE 1 FEATURES Prints one line at a time when retum key is pressed ideal for writing programs as you have complete permanent record of all changes and deletions to your program While in Basic using the list mode printer SPECIFICATIONS will list the entire program without Interface hardware consists of Stopping as the screen scrolls up one line at an epoxy fiberglass PC Board a time double sided You can refer to an earller part your plated through holes program without the necessity of relisting it silk screen printed legends the screen e gold plated edge card connector Printer can be called from Basic to print microproducts entire contents of video screen When using assembly language mode one line I 2107 ARTESIA BOULEVARD aa the video screen REDONDO BEACH CA 90278 at a time will be printed in the same tormat 213 374 1673 49 95 99 95 MICROPRODUCTS will
86. apabilities u KIM SYM AIM ACCESSORIES BY MTU REAL GRAPHICS FROM OUR VISIBLE MEMORY Over the last year and a half we have delivered hundreds of our Visible Memory graphic display boards and customers are still finding novel uses for them The Visible Memory is an 8K byte memory board that is directly compatible with the KIM SYM AIM computers and functions just like an 8K memory expansion Its content however is also displayed on a standard video monitor as a 320 by 200 dot array with each dot corresponding to a bit in memory Since each dot is individually controllable any kind of image even text 22 lines 53 characters with subscripts superscripts is possible Our assembly language graphics text software package makes programming the Visible Memory easy Microsoft 9 digit BASIC users now have access to the graphics and text routines through our just released BASIC Patches Package In fact the images above were created entirely with SIMPLE BASIC programs K 1008A VISIBLE MEMORY 240 00 OTHER ITEMS KIM Power supply 35 00 AIM Power supply 80 00 Enclosed card file for 4 boards KIM 75 SYM 80 AIM 95 8 bit audio system DAC Filter Amp KIM SYM AIM 40 PET 50 PET to MTU style KIM SYM AIM bus adaptor 79 Prototyping board fits in card file 2 regulators 42 We have sophisticated music and graphics software too PLEASE REQUEST OUR NEW EXPANDED SPRING 1979 CATALOG MICRO TECHNOLOGY UNLIMITED 841 Galaxy Way Box 4596 Mancheste
87. be superimposed erased drawn as dashed rather than solid curves and transformed The trans formations available are reflection about an axis stretching or compressing change of scale and sliding translation The user can alternate between the graphic display and a text display which lists the available commands and the more recent interactions between user and program Expected users are engineers mathematicians and researchers in the natural and social sciences in addition teachers and students can use the program to approach topics in for example algebra trigonometry and analytic geometry in a visual intuitive and experimental way which complements the traditional primarily symbolic orientation REQUIREMENTS 16K of memory with Applesoft Rom Card or 32K of memory without Applesoft Rom Card 4 eee 2 000 900 000 2 0000 lt 0000 10 000 10 GAMES APPLICAT IONS Apple 9 95 Automotive Diagnosis 14 95 Apple Derby 9 95 Basic Statistics 399 9440944 9 95 Apple ll 19 95 Electrical Engineering 9 95 9 95 va d haz 14 95 Radar 9 95 Vector Analysis 9 95 Rocket Pilot 9 95 Saucer Invasion 9 95 FINANCIAL Space Maze
88. bove the fifth are slight and most curves can be defined to sufficient accuracy by a Fourier series with a cut off at this level One of my old text books describes a hydraulic penstock vibration problem involving the beat fre quency between the 17th and 18th har monics of the system The accompany ing program written in Applesoft Il Floating Point BASIC calculates a listing of coefficients of each term to the fifth harmonic and continues to show a calculated plot of the input data curve and all five harmonics within a couple of minutes Admittedly this does not match the speed of a fast Fourier transform system but it sure beats the oid way Harmonic analysis of the data listed for Figure 1 with this program yields the following information Charles B Putney 1085 Unguowa Road Fairfield CT 06430 1 The curve is defined by the equa tion Y 4 008 2 39 0 19 Cos X 0 49 Sin 2X 0 50 Cos 2X 0 13Sin 3X 0 12 Cos 3X 0 23 Sin 4X 0 08 Cos 4X 0 07 Sin 5X 0 07 Cos 5X 2 The average of the curve is offset from zero about Y 4 If this data and results had been developed with respect to say a vibration problem it could probably be safely assumed that if the second harmonic vibration component were taken care of the system would be satisfactory On the other hand it might be desired to pro vide for a flexible mounting to absorb a deflection amounting to the difference betw
89. c method of locating your files on the PET cassette The PET has an excellent file manage ment system Unfortunately since the PET does not have a tape counter ac cess to any file or program other than the first requires either an uncanny touch to find a file by using FAST FORWARD or an infinite amount of pa tience weiting for the file management system to find the program at 1 7 8 inches second The obvious solution is to use a large number of C 10 or 5 cassettes Of course this solution is costly and requires one to store a large number of tapes Fortunately the PET does have a real time clock and the ability to start and stop the cassette motor via BASIC POKE commands These two capabilities com bined with the use of constant length files allow ready access to any program or file on a user created tape The use of constant length files implies that every file or program on any cassette has the same space allocated to it regardless of how long the actual program is This means that some of the tape on the cassette will not actually be used but the method is much cheaper to use than using C 5 C 10 cassettes for each program data file After experimenting we found that a maximum FAST FORWARD time of ten seconds is adequate to store the largest program capable to be stored in the PET 8K memory Of course this is at the beginning of the tape As the tape ad vances more tape is actually wasted Still C
90. ced as we repeat this procedure every time the timer times out at O2EF and if we do MICRO 13 43 this for a length of time determined by TUNESMITH the note length at O2F9 we have just played a note in our tables or one we re testing out BY ANTHONY T SCARPELLI MAY 1979 Our Save subroutine starts at O3AA where we load a number for a particular MICRO NUMBER 13 time we want to keep the SAVE letters JUNE 1979 on Next at O3AE and 03BO we set the COPYRIGHT C MAY 1979 BY direction registers and since we want only 4 digits lit we load the number 4 into HE GOMPUTERIS Ta ING the X register When we store one of six KIM MONITOR REFERENCES numbers from 09 to 13 into the location SBD 1742 one of the six digits will be lit and then if we load a particular hex PAD 1700 DATA REGISTER number representing a letter number or PADD 1701 DATA DIRECTION REGISTER other shape into another location TIMER 1704 SET TIMER SAD 1740 then the seven segment TTIMER 1707 TEST TIMER display will light We also need some STIMER 170F START TIMER delay because if we did not the ere SAD 1740 SYSTEM DATA REGISTER PR Ow of us could 1741 SYSTEM DATA DIRECTION REG see All this is taken care of from 03 3 to SBD M 1742 SYSTEM DATA REGISTER B 0300 And finally we want to end the PBDD 1743 SYSTEM DATA DIRECTION REG B tune after 72 notes so we will 1F40 KEYPAD INPUT automatically go t
91. contains 16 games and 9 general programs Games include Space Wars Motorcycle Jump Saucer Attack Ping Pong Bomb Squad Crack the Safe Bombs Away Bite the Wall Auto Race Break Away and six others Other programs include Mortgage Loan Perpetual Calendar Elemen tary Math Savings Account Clock and more Most pro grams take full advantage of the graphics capability of the PET Copies Not Specified Price 24 95 includes Not Specified Author Not Specified Available from Local PET Dealers or ADP Systems 95 West 100 South Logan UT 84321 MICRO 13 53 Name An 8080 Simulator for the 6502 KIM 1 Version System KIM 1 Memory 1K Language Assembly language Hardware Unexpanded KIM 1 optionally 8 switches 1 resistor Description Executes the full 8080 instruction set as though KIM were an 8080 based computer Supports single step trace and run modes and allows monitoring and modification of all internal 8080 registers User definabie input and output ports breakpoints and cess to 6502 subroutines directly from 8080 programs Up to 224 bytes of 8080 programming space available an unexpanded 1 Also simulates 8080 inter rupts An excellent training aid for 8080 programming and useful for debugging 8080 code as well as for run ning non time dependent 8080 application software Can be relocated in ROM Copies 90 Price 18 00 1 50 Shipping amp Handling California residents must add
92. d video display You can have the Monitor program on cassette for only 9 95 extra SOFTWARE 6502 DISASSEMBLER 12 95 MAILING LIST For personal or business applications 9 95 MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR Write Machine Code Save ontape 9 95 BUDGET NEW Keep track of Bills and Checks Update as needed 14 95 STARTREK All time favorite written for the PET s special Graphics 7 95 Send for our free SOFTWARE BROCHURE Dealer inquiries welcome P S SOFTWARE HOUSE P O Box 966 Mishawaka IN 46544 QQ Tel 219 255 3408 ae L NEUEN 1808900000002303298000050099402222000008000002000 0000002008 2000000006008800800 08002205000800002000 00883 8000008888004004001080068044520004408109895884408 8808498288883088884880888288024088044488264 88998008524400 4408804995202860080080208095 0001004008 6 32 1295 1125 PET 8K 795 695 PET 2040 Dual Disk 1295 1125 2023 Printer pressure feed 849 9150 2022 Printer tractor feed 995 860 KIM 1 159 1 229 Memory Plus 199 SEA 16 New 16K Static RAM 325 Seawell Motherboard 4K RAM space AM 99 3M Scotch 8 disks SALE 10 31 00 Verbatim 5 diskettes 10 28 50 2114 L 450 ns 4K Static RAM 6 95 2716 EPROM 5 volt 45 Programming the 6502 Zaks 9 90 6502 Applications Book Zaks 11 90 6500 Programming Manual MOS 6 50 6500 Hardware Manual MOS 6 50 First Book of KIM 8 90 P
93. dents add applicable sales tax Basie Softwarel For SOL IIA and PET 8K All programs on high quality cassette tape P O Box 350 New York New York 10040 David P Kemp 1307 Beitram Court Odenton MD 21113 one feature of the program deserves some comment the tuning dispay If an oscilloscope and a D A converter are available the display simplifies setting up the program and the recorder con trols With the program running and PET cassette playing the scope trace should fall into three distinct levels cor responding to the three possible time periods between active transitions on the tape If the display is not well clustered or the routine will not work try exchanging the instructions at loca tions 6C and 66 PET cassettes polarity is significant and this modifica tion effectively reverses the audio signal polarity Despite its small size the program works quite well it was originally writ ten to read a third generation analog dubbing of an 8K program and it ac complished that task in pass without an error stamped envelope for Dept M MICRO 13 61 0072 0075 0000 0000 0002 0004 0006 0008 000A 000D 000 0012 0014 0016 0019 0018 0010 001 0021 0025 0025 0027 0029 002 002 MiCRO 13 62 9 85 85 9 85 20 20 4C C6 DO 20 20 0 A9 E6 91 E6 00 E6 20 10 60 02 Fl F4 00 FO 2F
94. e a version of the program that allows the operator to joad ASCII into a memory zone and use this ASCH as preloaded message text The program and the sidetone keyer works well on the OSI system used at my shack and have had many pleasurable hours using the Morse Keyboard on CW wish you the same Good luck H Figure 1 The author wishes to give particular recognition to the article entitled The Morse Master which appeared in the January 1979 issue of 13 Magazine written by William A Thornburg The article provided the concepts upon which this program is based and gave a program listing for the H8 microcomputer MICRO 13 14 Tone Oscillator and Driver Board Parts List 1N4001 Diode Pref board 100 by 100 hole centers 555 Timer IC 8 Pin wire wrap socket or 14 pin 1 MF Disc capacitor 50 MF Electrolytic capacitor 10K 1 2 Watt Resistors 2N2222 NPN Transistor 8 Ohm speaker 12 Volt DC relay Male Molex 12 Pin plug KK156 Wire wrap wire 32 Gauge if used Hand wire wrap tool if used Radio Shack 276 1394 Radio Shack 276 1723 Radio Shack 40 245 Radio Shack 275 003 Misc Wire for connection to computer and external 12 volt power supply Solder Note A 14 pin IC socket can be used for the 555 Only use 8 of the pins used a Sigma 62R23 2600 relay for RY1 RL 10K PBO 45V GND 12 IN 4001 QI
95. e any special talents in this area plus we may make mistakes when redrawing your work So please if at all possible submit drawings in ink ready for reproduction Since most draw ings will be reduced to fit into two columns approximately four inches keep this size in mind when planning your work PERSONAL INFORMATION Our read ers would like to know something about the authors If you submit a short note about yourself your computer experi ence talents interests plans we will publish this along with your article You have done the work why not enjoy the credit RETURN OF MANUSCRIPTS If you want your manuscript returned just tell us We will supply the stamp and enve lope its the least we can do PAYMENT MICRO pays for all articles which we publish You will be sent a Manuscript Release Form prior to your article being printed By signing this and returning it to us you certify that the work you have submitted is yours to sell and convey all rights to the work to MICRO Ink Inc You will receive six copies of your article LETTERS NOTES ANNOUNCEMENTS etc if you have short pieces of infor mation that do not fit into the article for mat MICRO has a number of ways of using them They may be submitted in almost any form even hand written and will be used as the Editor sees fit There is no payment for these submissions but full credit is given to the author BUS EXPANS
96. e to the note table and for DOE PS x A E s ae every wrong comparison increment a 0010 01 count We also have four groups of 7 E 01 NO NOTE notes and to determine what group 0011 BO B0 C SHARP D FLAT subtract a number until get a carry flag 0012 9C z 9C D SHARP E FLAT This then tells me the group and also the 0015 01 01 NO NOTE note The group indicates whether the 0014 85 2 83 F SHARP G FLAT note is high sharp or high sharp We load the correct shape for the display on HIGH SHARP NOTE TABLE this information it was just a rest at 0180 we load a zero shape At 018A to 0198 we test for the length and then pa HISHRP 74 G SHARP A FLAT store the length shape Up to 01BC we 0017 01 x 67 A SHARP B FLAT display the shapes as before only this 017 0 01 NO NOTE 0018 56 z 56 C SHARP D FLAT time as we go through a test for the next note and do again we keep the A MICRO 13 44 June 1979 0019 001A 001B colc 0010 0C1E COIF 0020 0021 0022 0023 0024 0025 0026 0027 0028 0029 002A 002B 002C 002D 002E O02F 0030 0031 0032 0033 0034 0035 0026 0057 0058 0059 003A 0038 003C 0050 003E 0053F 0040 0041 0042 0045 0044 0045 0046 0047 0048 0049 004A 0048 004C 0040 004 004F 0050 0051 0052 0055 June 1979 DELT IM TIMED TIMEC SAVFLG TLENTH NOTPTR KEYPTR TNOTE HIFLG SHPF LG NOTNUM PRMNOT FSTFLG PLENTH TNTNUM NEXNOT DELAYA DELAYB PNTPTR
97. eaker driven to distortion although it was understandable The recording level con troi was critical Remember the SYM sees either a 1 or a 0 The input signal must vary enough to trip the input line If the volume is too high then too many 1 s will be seen If the volume is too low then nothing will be heard as the input line will remain a zero Whistling across not into the microphone pro duced good results Playing some of my music tapes also was intere ing Only the foreground sounds were duced The background sounds didn t have enough volume to trip the logic b level June 1979 Primitive as this is it is good enough to use for computer to user communica tions However this will require enor mous amounts of memory which places a damper on things The sampling rate of my program would fiil 5K of memory in about 1 second An option would be to reduce the sampling rate did this but the results were very poor Remember this method is using a square wave At a 10 000 sampie second rate too little in formation remained and harmonics from the square waves interferred Change location 225 and 231 to hex 33 and see for yourself By changing location 234 you can vary the sampling rate Ed will result in 10 000 sample second Try and whistle into the microphone You ll hear the unwanted harmonics so abundant in a square wave had thought of plagerizing the system s
98. een the curve average and the max imum deflection of 7 3 A vertical expan sion of the plot of this curve can be ob tained by subtracting 4 from the Y com ponent of the input data This will yield a graph balanced about the X axis as il lustrated by the average line in the figure Directions for running the program are pretty well built into the listing After the initial instruction page the form of the X or angular component must be inputted 0 for degrees or R for Radians followed by a RETURN Then the data for each point of the curve being analyzed must be entered as X Y for example Figure 1 Point 1 would be entered as 30 4 3 RETURN until all points are in the com puter then enter Done Done RETURN If a mistake is made while entering any of the data points the program must be restarted Use a Control C to get out and start over with a RUN Note that zero degree X and the 360 X are the same from the definition of a periodic wave so one or the other of these points should be entered but not both of them It is not necessary to input the data points in order and any 360 span may be used for example 180 to 1803 However the plotted graph with this program will always come out starting at the zero position MICRO 13 5 For those who don t have an APPLE the program can be used as far as instruc tion 1225 without missing output of the real important results from the analysis the term coefficients Wh
99. eir system Topics covered are Apple Sounds Low Res Graphics Hi Res Graphics Disk Basics and How to Use Your Reference Material Sessions are held every Thursday Night at 7 00 p m HARDWARE APPLE lI HARDWARE PET HARDWARE Upper amp Lower Case Board Now you can display both upper and lower case characters on and Calculator type keyboard by wich integral cassette your video with the Apple II Includes assembled circuit board type key yt 2499 16N Computer PET with 16K bytes of memory Programmer Aide and large keyboard with separate numeric pad and PRINTER SPECIALS FOR APPLE AND PET keys External cassette optional ne TRENDCOM 100 with interface for Apple or PET 5 dia 2001 168 Computer As above but has standard writer keyboard No graphic keys 995 00 2001 32N Computer to 2001 16N with 32K LIMITED QUANTITY bytes of memory 51 745 1 195 00 2001 328 Computer denial to 2001 328 with 32K 3n 1 195 00 Selectric typewriters serially interfaced for plug APP 1000 00 NI vont iMt be prepald Delivery in 4 to 8 weeks ARO or full refund bytes of memory 31 74 PERIPHERALS Anadex DP 8000 with tracter 2021 Printer 80 column dot matrix electrostatic printer 8 paper width and Apple interface with full PET graphics capability 549 00 Centronics 779 2 for Apple Ii PET 2022 Printer
100. elations amp Regression Distribution Contingency Table Analysis Basketball Object Removal Bowling Darts it means that with suitable software users of any particular machine can read cassettes written for any other machine Apple PET OSI AIM or SYM This par ticular program runs on the SYM 1 and reads cassettes written by the PET It is quite unsophisticated and doesn t know the difference between various block types such as Beginning of File End of File Program and Data blocks and it does not strip off countdown bytes or verify checksums It does check byte parity and will flag any errors it has been my experience that if there are no parity errors then the data is OK Because the task of converting software from one machine to another is non trivial it is assumed that only exper ienced programmers will have occasion to use PETCAS thus no attempt will be made to explain the program s operation or PET cassette format in detail however Game Pack 2 children educational 12 95 10 95 Arithmetic God Addition Dice Distance Rate X Time 189 TapeData Query File Management System 50 00 1295 PCROS a Real Time Operating System in IK KIM RAM Assembly listing 24 95 12 95 Cassette tape with user s manual 14 95 Schematic for relay control board 9 95 18 95 Send self address complete software catalogue Send check or money order to H GELLER COMPUTER SYSTEMS 22 95 New York resi
101. ent the character will be stored in the A variable The contents of variable A is now com pared with the contents of a look up table to determine the offset to the Morse element table where the conver sion to Morse elements are formed The ASCII table starts at line 130 The Morse element table starts at line 1500 The Morse equivalent of the ASCII character is loaded into the string variable A and on return from the subroutine the program jumps to a Subroutine at line 1000 where the elements of are seperated into the dot dash elements of Morse code This seperation is done by loading each seperate element into D and if the ele ment is a 1 then a dot is generated in a subroutine at line 1200 through line 1220 If the element read into D is the numeral 3 then a jump to the subroutine at line 1300 through 1320 causes a dash to be generated After each character has been separated and sent to the PIA port the program returns to the input statement tine 122 At statement line 122 a jump to the machine code subroutine is executed with the USR function of BASIC The machine code subroutine causes a jump to the system monitor and the program will loop until a key is depressed on the keyboard The subroutine at line 1200 and 1300 generate the Morse elements dots and dashes This is done by turning on and off PBO for a duration of time For exam ple if a 1 was decoded in the routine at 1000 then PBO would be turned on high f
102. eries This caiculation is a repetitive number crunching exercise and was best done by two or more people armed with mechanical calculators The team ap proach was advisable because with the hundreds or even thousands of calcula tions required mistakes were inevitable At this point numbers were available for the design of counterbalance weights for your engine reshaping of poles of the synchronous motor etc June 1979 The mathematical proof of the fact that any single valued periodic function such as the one in Figure 1 can be defined by an infinite series and the method for calculation of the coefficients for the terms of the series was developed by Jean Fourier a French mathematician 1768 1837 The series which he in vestigated and which is given his name is a0 at SinX b1 Cos X a2 Sin 2X b2 Cos 2X a3 Sin 3X b3 Cos 3X a4 Sin 4X b4 Cos 4X a5 Sin 5X b5 Cos 5X etc It is easy to see that if it is desired to carry a calculation for a Fourier series out to say the tenth harmonic a lot of sines and cosines get into the action in fact ten of each for each point of the curve being investigated The sheer magnitude of the pencil pushing type calculation tasks that some of the mathematical geniuses of the past such as Fourier set before themseives stag gers the imagination Fortunately for most engineering prob lems the relative significance of har monics a
103. erist Inc Box 3 So Chelmsford MA 01824 additional related problem It can not read over the last two bytes in page one either These two bytes are used by the load routine as the indirect pointer to the next location to be loaded Once your KIM formatted tape hits them Good bye So we have here the same prob lem and the same solution To load KIM tapes into a SYM they must be loaded in three segments 0000 to OOFD 0100 to about and 0200 and up thought I had a great idea to get around this prob lem dumped my KIM tapes with every thing shifted up to start at 0200 with the intention of using a simple SYM Block move command to relocate them down to their proper addresses That is the KIM tape would be set to load from 0200 to 05 and then be moved down to 0000 to O3FF Good idea right Well it may be a good idea but it doesn t work Block move has the exact same probl ms as the tape load it uses the last two loca tions in page zero as well as subroutines which require access to the page one stack Tape Summary While there are obviously some prob lems in using the KIM format tapes on the SYM and AIM this format is the only one which is compatible between the three machines and should be used as a common medium of exchange for pro grams and data between them To be universal the tapes should be written at the normal KIM speed and should start at
104. ers the solution of eqn 1 involves mathematical procedures which are common to various scientific disciplines and the program presented should therefore be of general interest Prior to running this program W R R data is entered in line 200 An initial trial value of P PO is entered in line 65 Since P is generally close to unity an arbitrary initial value of P should be selected between 995 999 regardless of which value is chosen the computer will search for the correct value in order to obtain final values of A and P From eqn 1 it can be readily seen that a least squares treatment of the aata Y A1 A2X where Y W R 1 F and X R 1 p will afford best values of intercept A1 and slope A2 where A1 A and A2 1 A Z 2 the least squares procedure is given in line 75 120 Then cf line 140 Z 2 2 1 1 2 Under the conditions used more than one solution for Z is possible However there can only be one unique physically real solution for A and for Z or 1 P The physically unreal solution for Z affords MICRO 13 38 values of gt 1 which is theoretic ally impossible By using line 163 when A 2 1 PO is lowered in order to achieve conditions whereby a physically real value of A may be obtained Other limitations that must be met are P can not be greater than unity see line 150 A1 cannot be less than zero 4170 An other condition arbitrary to be met is
105. es Cassette with instructions Author T David Moteles Available from Progressive Software P O Box 273 Ply Mtg PA 19462 Name DISC COPY System Apple Language Applesoft Ii Hardware Apple Il Disc II Description For those Apple owners who have only one disc drive but would still like to copy discs that contain Integer Basic and Applesoft programs this two part program is a must It results in an automatic system that can a whole discs worth of programs Price 15 Copies sold Just released Author Jules H Glider Available from Softsell Associates 2022 79th Street Brooklyn NY 11214 e June 1978 MORE INNOVATIONS FROM P S SOFTWARE HOUSE FORMERLY PETSHACK PET INTERFACES NEW PET to CENTRONICS INTERFACE 98 00 PET to PARALLEL INTERFACE with 5V 8A power supply 74 95 PET to 2nd CASSETTE INTERFACE 49 95 PET SCHEMATICS FOR ONLY 24 95 YOU GET 24 X 30 schematic of the CPU board plus oversized schematics of the Video Monitor and Tape Recorder plus complete Parts layout all accurately and painstakingly drawn to the minutest detail PET ROM ROUTINES FOR ONLY 19 95 YOU GET Complete Disassembly listings of 7 ROMS plus identified subroutine entry points Video Monitor Keyboard routine Tape Record and Playback routine Real Time Clock etc To entice you we are also including our own Machine Language Monitor program for your PET using the keyboard an
106. flect your new location You must of course change the CALL in your BASIC program also Below is a comparison of my three dif ferent implementations of the Shell Metzner sort The maximum number of records you can sort is easily determined by taking the memory size between data high and program low and dividing it by the record size 2 the size of the array element needed to hold the pointer to the record find with a 32K machine running DOS have 18K free More memory is avail able if you want to lose DOS of course Machine language routines may be more trouble to implement but with an in crease in speed over BASIC by a factor of 200 you cannot ignore them In Part II will continue my investigation by ex ploring sorting APPLESOFT ter strings with muitiple keys Until then happy sorting Table Comparison of Three Methods SORTED WORDS X WORD LENGTH METHOD 500 X 10 BASIC 268 SWEET 16 46 MACHINE 1 1000 X 10 3600 X 3 746 4200 70 min 158 8 21 All sorting times in seconds Figure 1 10 REM 20 REM 30 SHELL METZNER SORT k BY GARY FOOTE k GO REM kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk 50 CALL 956 PRINT PRINT SHELL METZNER SORT PRINT 60 INPUT ENTER RECORD COUNT AND LENGTH LEN 70 DIM 255 A NUM IzJzKzL zMzXzT Z LL IIZzLMzHMZzADDRzW REM SAVE SPACE FOR VARIABLE
107. he the Display Notes GETKEY 1F6A GET KEYBOARD INPUT routine from to 0304 We want to keep count of how many notes we save PAGE ZERO LOCATIONS so at 03D7 we increment the note count 0000 ORG 0000 If we have a nice little tune running through our circuits and we say to LOW NOTE TABLE ourselves Hey that s a catchy tune that might make the top 40 then we ll _ need some way of finding out what notes d are in the tunetable so that we can write T them down The Display Notes routine 0002 C6 66 does just that What we want this sec 0005 BB BB C tion to do is to display a lettered note to 0004 A6 z A6 D show that it is a sharp and or a high note 0005 93 z 95 E and to show what its length is We want 0006 8A z 8A F it to stay on the display until we re ready for the next note and we need some in HICH NOTE TABLE dication that the note has changed when we do go to the next note Finally we want the option of starting again So RE HINOTE 78 6 here we go 0008 6D 6D A 0009 61 61 From 0100 to 010A we test the counters 000 5B 5B C to see if we ve reached the end of our 000B 51 z 51 D tune table then we take our note and 0000 48 48 E length and put them into a temporary 0000 43 z 43 F location from 010D to 0115 From 0117 to 011D we check for a rest if it isn t one LOW SHARP NOTE TABLE then at 011F on we determine what note it is What did was to compare the 2 unknown not
108. hich in turn may be used to define even more complex applications Reverse Polish Notation and LIFO stacks are used in the FORTH system to process arithmetic expressions Programs written in FORTH are compact and very fast SYSTEM FEATURES amp FACILITIES Standard Vocabulary with 200 words Incremental Assembler Structured Programming Constructs Text Editor Block 1 0 Buffers Cassette Based System User Defined Stacks Variable Length Stacks User Defined Dictionary Logical Dictionary Limit Error Detection Buffered Input CONFIGURATIONS AppleFORTH Cassette 16K 34 95 AppleFORTH Disk 32K 49 95 PetFORTH Cassette 16K 34 95 TRS 80FORTH Cassette 16K 34 95 SWTPCFORTH Cassette 16K 34 95 SOFTWARE ASM 65 EDITOR ASSEMBLER ASM 65 is a powerful 2 pass disk based assembler for the Apple Computer System It is a compatible subset of the FORTRAN cross assemblers which are available for the 6500 family of micro processors ASM 65 features many powerful capabilities which are under direct control of the user The PIE Text Editor co resides with the ASM 65 Assembler to form 8 comprehensive development tool for the assembler language programmer Following are some of the features available in the ASM 65 Editor Assembler PIE Text Editor Command Repetoire Disk Based System Decimal Hexadecimal Octal amp Binary Constants ASCII Literal Constants One to Six character long symbols Location counter addressing
109. hour clock display routine in the February 1979 June 1979 issue of MICRO It is a bit unfortunate that the 6522 designers did not allow the T2 timer to continue producing inter rupts without reloading it because in the time interval between the interrupt re quest and the reloading of the T2 timer starting at instruction 0296 in the inter rupt routine a few counts or pulses on PB6 might be missed This would only be of concern at large counting rates The HEX to BCD conversion routine starts at address 025D and ends at ad dress 028E The 16 bit number repre senting the number of counts in timer T2 is stored in locations 0010 and 0011 If PQRS represents this number then PQRS P 4096 0 256 R 164 5 1 If the calculation on the right hand side of the above equation is done in the decimal mode the PQRS will be con verted to BCD In other words 4096 is ad ded to itseif P times 256 is added to Marvin L De Jong Dept of Math Physics The School of the Ozarks Pt Lookout MO 65726 itself Q times 16 is added to itself R times and 1 is added to itself S times all in the decimal mode These results are added together giving a BCD number Better routines exist am sure but this one isn t too slow Note that P Q R and S are each one nibble of the 16 bit number obtained from timer T2 Has anyone yet suggested calling 16 bit numbers gobbles giving nibbles bytes and gobbles The
110. ile checking out this program recalculated ex amples from several old textbooks and without exception found at least one error in the answer listings in each one of them Needless to say this created big headaches for the students of that era u JLIST 10 HOME 5 13 PRINT HARMONIC ANALYSIS PRINT 20 30 40 50 60 70 100 110 THIS CALCULAT ES COEFFICIENTS OF FOURIER S ERIES TO THE FIFTH HARMONIC PRINT OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS FCYOSFOX D PRINT FUNCTIONS MUST MEET TH IS CRITERIA PRINT PRINT T INFINITE PRINT IS ONLY 0 NE VALUE Y FOR EVERY VALU E X FRINT NITE NUMBER OF MINIMA PRINT PRINT MAKE TABLE OF X Y V ALUES PICKED FROM THE GRAPH FOR EACH SECTION PRINT EVEN IF THE FIRST ANI LAST HALVES OF THEGRAPH ARE SYMETRICALs X Y VALUES FOR ONEFULL CYCLE MUST BE ENTERE PRINT START DATA AT POINT 4 1 NOT POINT 0 PRINT HIT ANY KEY AND ETURN TO CONTINUE INFUT Q IS HAS ONLY A FI MAXIMA OR HOME VTAB 2 PRINT INPUT XvY VALUES OF POINTS ON GRAF H UNTIL ALL INPUTTED FTER LAST ENTRY TYPE DON E DONE MICRO 13 6 305 310 320 330 240 350 360 350 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1100 1110 1129 PRINT PRINT ARE X LATA INTS EQUAL STEPS DEGREESCD OR RABIANSCROT INPUT D IF D IL THEN 1 PRINT PRI
111. in St Newington CT 06111 IEEE Computer IEEE 345 E 47th St New York NY 10017 POLYPHONY 4 00 per year PAIA Electronics Inc 1020 W Wilshire Blvd Oklahoma City OK 73116 MICRO 13 30 RAINBOW APPLE 15 00 per year Rick Simpson and Terry Landereau Editors P O Box 43 Audubon PA 19407 PET USER NOTES 5 00 per year 6 or more issues PET User Group P O Box 371 Montgomeryville PA 18936 CONTACT User Group Newsletter Gratis to Apple owners 10260 Bandley Drive Cupertino CA 95014 408 996 1010 SOUTHEASTERN SOFTWARE NEWSLETTER APPLE 10 issues 10 00 George McClelland Southeastern Software 7270 Culpepper Drive New Orleans LA 70126 COMPUTER MUSIC JOURNAL 14 00 per year 6 issues People s Computer Co Box E 1010 Doyle St Menlo Park CA 94025 POPULAR COMPUTING 18 00 per year Popular Computing Box 272 Calabasas CA 91302 MINI MICRO SYSTEMS 18 00 per year Modern Data Service 5 Kane Industrial Drive Hudson MA 01749 DIGITAL DESIGN 20 00 per year Benwill Publishing Corp 1050 Commonwealth Ave Boston MA 02215 ELECTRONIC DESIGN 26 issues per year Hayden Publishing Co nc 50 Essex St Rochelle Park NJ 07662 CALL A P P L E 10 00 per year includes dues Apple Puget Sound Program Library Exchange 6708 39th Ave SW Seattle WA 98136 June 1979 The Color Gun for the Apple Il With some quite inexpensive hardware you can turn your APPLE i
112. ion Once you start the program you press one of the note letters It will sound the appropriate note If you want the sharp for that note if it has one B and E do not press 5 To get the upper octave of the note you want you press 7 and if you want the upper octave sharp of the note press 5 first then 7 The keys 1 2 4 and 8 will give you a whole note 1 a half note 2 a quarter note 4 and an eighth note 8 After you choose your note you choose your length If you don t want the note start again only this time the length is not automatically a half note as it would be when you first start out you ll have to change it to what you want June 1979 Now that you have your nice note that sounds just right press 3 This will save the note and place it in a tune table To know that the note is indeed saved the display will flash a SAVE You have to hold the 3 key down until the SAVE is seen though Now the chosen note will be played and you can pick another note or arest which is 0 The procedure is the same for a possible 72 note tune If you like your tune and want to write it down press the 4 key The display will show you the first note of the tune and every time you hit the 3 key the next will be displayed you want to start again press the DA Do Again key The Tunesmith Program We go over the program now Table is a listing of the keypad numbers and what they represent The main program
113. ion Bus Interface TV Controller Board Interface CRT Compatible Interface RS 232 APPLICATION PORT 15 Bi directional TTL Lines for user applications with expansion capability for added lines EXPANSION PORT FOR ADD ON MODULES 51 1 O Lines included in the basic system SEPARATE POWER SUPPLY connector for easy disconnect of the d c power AUDIBLE RESPONSE KEYPAD Synertek has enhanced KIM 1 software as well as the hardware The software has simplified the user interface The basic SYM 1 system is programmed in machine language Monitor status is easily accessible and the monitor gives the keypad user the same full functional capabili ty of the TTY user The SYM 1 has everything the KIM 1 has to offer plus so much more that we cannot begin to tell you here So if you want to know more the SYM 1 User Manual is available separately SYM 1 Complete w manuals 269 00 SYM 1 User Manual Only 7 00 SYM 1 Expansion Kit 75 00 Expansion includes of 2114 RAM chips and 1 6522 O chip SYM 1 Manuals The well organized documentation package is com plete and easy to understand 1 CAN GROW AS YOU GROW Its the system to BUILD ON Ex pansion features that are soon to be offered BAS 8K Basic ROM Microsoft 159 00 KTM 2 TV interface Board 349 00 We do honor Synertek discount coupons QUALITY EXPANSION BOARDS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR KIM 1 SYM 1 amp AIM 65 These boards are set up for use with a regulated po
114. iscusses some problems that arise in trying to load KIM format cassette tapes on the AIM or SYM and with a little help from his friends presents a short routine to get by the SYM 2F loading bug and a sub routine which mimics the KIM SCANDS routine on the SYM Reading KIM Tapes with the AIM The AIM 65 has two speeds for reading the KIM format tapes The normal KIM tape records at about 8 1 3 characters per second Early in KIM history Jim But terfield published Hypertape a pro gram that permits KIM formats to be written at higher rates 2 times 3 times and even 6 times the normal KIM rate and stil be read by the regular KIM moni tor and hardware with no changes The AIM 65 people recognized the value of the higher speed KIM rates and made their monitor capable of loading either 1 time or 3 times KIM tapes The full 6 times would have been very nice but guess we can t have everything The AIM documentation is very vague about using these KIM formats To use the KIM loader you must first set a user alter able RAM location A408 as follows C7 for normal AIM format tapes 5A for normal KIM format tapes 5B for 3 times KIM format tapes On power up C7 is automatically set so that the AIM format is the default as one would expect The A408 location must be set by the user manually to the cor rect KIM speed value before calling on the tape load or dump routines This must be reset either manually or by a p
115. ize File Most of the major commands have subordinate commands which adds to the flexability of this powerful software system We doubt you could buy a better program for maintaining and printing address files REQUIREMENTS Disk Apple Printer Card 32K of memory with Applesoft Rom Card or 48K of memory without Applesoft Rom Card SUPER CHECKBOOK 19 95 A totally new checkbook program with a unique option Bar Graphs These bar graphs outputed to a printer or video screen provide trend analysis data on code expense income expenses or gain loss on a month by month basis The program contains a total of fourteen options 1 Check Deposit Entry amp Modification 2 Reconciliation of Checks or Deposits 3 Sort by Check Number 4 Sort by Code for Year 5 Sort by Code for Month 6 Output Year to Date 7 Output Month Activity 8 11 Printer Video Plot Trend Analysis Bar Graphs 12 Account Status 13 Reconciled Check Status and 14 Quit An excellent program for maintaining your checkbook or that of a small business REQUIREMENTS Disk 32K of memory with Applesoft Rom Card or 48K of memory without Applesoft Rom Card FUNCTION GRAPHS AND TRANSFORMATIONS 14 95 This program uses the Apple 1 high resolution graphics capabilities to draw detailed graphs of mathematical functions which the user defines in Basic syntax The graphs appear in a large rectangle whose edges are X and Y scales with values labeled by up to 6 digits Graphs can
116. lking About Sex Help yourself your family your friends to better health with the new Speakeasy VitaFacts Series learning programs These professionally prepared programs include an audio cassette a computer cassette and a booklet They are available through hundreds of computer stores worldwide at very reasonable prices Please check with vour dealer or contact Speakeasy VitaFacts DEALERS Please call us at the number below for the name of your distributor MICROCOMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION FOR HEALTHFUL LIVING VitofFoctr Jpeokeosu Box 909 Kemptville Ontario Canada 140 613 258 3291
117. m 036F to 0373 we ll load just the next octave note The Get Sharp subroutine is similar and the Get Length subroutine is simple enough The Play Tune subroutine is next From 0300 to 0306 we set up the first note then we play it This is the unsaved note we are trying out Then we ll test for a save flag from 0313 to 0317 and test for a note or notes in the tunetable up to 031D If there is one or more notes in the tunetable from 031F to 0330 we ll play them If we had a save for the temporary note we reset the save flag store a rest so we don t hear the saved note twice then load the note into the next position of the tuntable and we ll also put our chosen length into the length table all this from 0333 to 0345 Since we saved the note not only do we need some in dication that it was saved we also need to indicate that our finger is on the 3 keypad long enough for the program to catch the keypad entry so at 0347 we go to the subroutine that displays a big red SAVE At 034A we play all our notes again and then go back to the main pro gram to get another note then back here again so we always hear our tune In the Tone subroutine at O2DD and O2DF we set the ports to outputs and at 02 2 and 4 we start KIM s internal timer We load the note frequency and when it runs down we change the output to its other state whatever it was If you hook a speaker circuit on the port as in the KIM manual a note will be produ
118. nto a color detector a device which will automatically determine the colors of any object Shortly after developed my light pen for the Apple back in May 1978 began thinking about other devices that could be hooked up to the paddle inputs One idea was making a color gun which when pointed at an object would tell you the color The idea is similar to that of the operation of a television transmit ter Color is broken down into three main colors which are red blue and yellow Therefore by having three inputs into the Apple into paddle paddle 1 and paddle 2 we could in effect have a de vice that would see the three color breakdown ratios of any object By fur ther analysing this ratio we could see different shades of color and with high quality color filters we could make an extremely accurate device which could even give the exact color temperature of the object One of the interesting as pects of this device that sets it apart from any other color temperature meter is that you can calibrate it by pointing it at a piece of white paper to adjust for differences in the light source There fore the color gun will work in any type of artificial lighting within certain para meters you could not use it under a red light for example Building the Color Gun To start off with buy three sensitive cadium sulphide photo cells physically between 1 4 to 1 2 inch in diameter If the cells are not equal in sen
119. nto any 1 0 slot on the Apple Timing is done completely in hardware ie NOT an interrupt driven clock Thus the Appletime continues to operate even when the computer is turned oH Our exclusive Three Way Power System keeps the clock running via its own AC supply the computer s or battery backup in case of power failure Other features include 12 24 Hour selection AC or crystal timebase 50 60 Hz and BCD ASCII data format Fully assembled and tested with instructions and APT 1 Real Time Proto board for Apple Over 1300 holes 0 1 inch centers for designing your own circuits Prototyping Board 16 95 VERBATIM 5 DISKETTES 34 50 Soft sector in plastic file case Box of 10 m WEST SIDE ELECTRONICS P 0 Box 636 Gu CHATSWORTH CA 91311 We all shipping in Continental U S A Others odd 10 California residents odd 6 tax APPLE SOFTWARE Special Introductory Prices Tabular 4 Way Number Converter Integer BASIC 8K Apple Pi Life Agenda 16K HIRES Shape Encode 16K min Integer BASIC Floating Point Interface 2K Machine 6 50 Each program completely documented Prices include postage and handling Send SASE for Software List today Send check or money order to
120. ocessor 6502 based microcomputers accessory hardware and software For several years this writer has been assembling a bibliography 6502 references re lated to hobby computers and small business systems The accompanying list of magazines has been com MICRO 15 00 per year MICRO P O Box 3 S Chelmsford MA 01824 6502 USER NOTES 13 00 per6 issues Eric Rehnke P O Box 33093 Royalton OH 44133 OHIO SCIENTIFIC SMALL SYSTEMS JOURNAL 6 00 per year 6 issues Ohio Scientific 1333 S Chillicothe Rd Aurora OH 44202 PET GAZETTE Free bi monthly Contributions Accepted Microcomputer Resource Center 1929 Northport Drive Room 6 Madison WI 53704 Robert Purser s REFERENCE LIST OF COMPUTER CASSETTES Nov 1978 2 00 Feb 1979 4 00 Robert Purser P O Box 466 Dorado CA 95623 THE PAPER PET 15 00 per year 10 issues The PAPER P O Box 43 Audubon PA 19407 THE CIDER PRESS APPLE Scot Kamins Box 4816 San Francisco CA 94101 June 1979 William R Dial 438 Rosiyn Ave Akron OH 44320 piled from this bibliography At the top of the list are several publications which specializein 6502 related subjects An attempt has been made to give up to date addresses and subscription rates for the magazines cited Subscription rates are for U S Other countries normally are higher STEMS FROM APPLE Ken Hoggatt APPLE PORTLAND PROGRAM LIBRARY EXCHANGE 9195 SW Rose Court Tigard OR 97223 A
121. ome tech niques to get you started with limited speech for your micro In the February issue of KILOBAUD 1 came across an interesting article by Robert Bishop In this article the tape recorder input line was used to sample a voice signal and the tape recorder output line was set high or low depending on the sample Hopefully the resulting square wave pattern contained enough of the voice s original fundamental to reproduce an understandable signal primitive form of speech synthesis in deed buy this idea did start the wheels rollingin head Since we are dealing with square waves and not discrete samples at various amplitudes thought the sampling fre quency would need to be much higher than the theoretical two times the reproduceable frequency wrote the ac companying short program which re sults in slightly over 40 000 samples per second That s about the limit of the SYM 1 and figured that should do it for voice used my stereo receiver to fur ther help as it has reasonably good amplifiers 1 put my cassette deck on record pause and plugged in a micro phone The tape deck output went to the SYM for sampling the SYM s normal tape input line The SYM s tape output line was connected to one of the tape recorder inputs on the stereo receiver At this point began executing the pro gram and listened to the fruits of my labor sour as they were The resulting sound reminded me of a small sp
122. on is Inserted into the program It will plot on a numbered grid and then immediately after plotting flash in a table form the data needed to construct such a plot on paper The program takes 16K of memory and ROM board Written by Dave Moteles UTILITY PAK 1 This is a combination of 4 programs by Vince Corsetti Integer to Appiesoft Conversion this program will convert any integer basic program to an applesoft program After you finished you merely correct all of those syntax errors that occur with applesoft only Disk Append will append any two integer programs from a disk Into one program Integer Basic Copy aliows you to copy an Integer basic program from one disk to another by merely hitting return Useful when copying the same program many times Update Applesoft wili correct Applesoft on the disk to eliminate the heading that alwsys occurs when It Is initially run Binary this program copies a binary file from one disk to another by merely hitting return automatically finds the length and starting addrese of the program for your convenience BLOCKADE Two people try to block each other by buildings walls and blocking the other An exciting game written In integer basic for 16K Written by Vince Corsetti TABLE GENERATOR 1 a program which forms shape tables with ease Shape tabies are formed from directional vectors and the program also adds other information such as starting address length and position of each sha
123. one 6502 based microcomputer on another type here is an example which uses a SYM 1 to read a PET cassette The concepts can be generalized to work with almost any combination of micros One of the basic problems in obtaining microcomputer software is not that it doesn t exist but that it was written fora machine other than the one it is to be used on Small programs can be typed in by hand if a hex listing is available but larger programs are generally distributed on audio cassettes By virtue of their popularity the Apple 1 and PET have the largest pools of published software on cassette but that doesn t mean that owners of less well established microcomputers like the SYM 1 cannot take advantage existing programs written for these machines All 6502 based microcomputers except the KIM use very simple cassette inter face hardware and let the processor do all the work of formatting encoding and decoding cassette data This approach has the dual advantages of reducing parts count and increasing flexibility and General Pack 1 Conversion General Pack 2 Bandit Financial Pack 1 loans Depreciation Investments Financial Pack 2 Projections Risk Analysis Statistics Pack 1 Game Pack 1 Gopher June 1979 NOW AVAILABLE Checkbook Balancer Tic Tac Toe Metric Space Patrol Biorhythm Battlestar One Armed Mortgage amp Loan Amortization Future Mean amp Deviation Linear Corr
124. op Requires 18K memory SAUCER INVASION This program was written by Bob Bishop You are being invaded by a flying saucer and you can shoot at it with your missile and control the position with your paddle Requires 16K memory MISSILE ANTI MISSILE Misslle Antl Missile is a high resolution game The viewer will see a target appear on the screen followed by 3 dimensional digital drawing of the United States Then a small submarine appears The submarine controlled by hostile forces upon pressing the space bar which launches a pre emptive nuclear strike upon the United States controlled by paddle 1 At the time that the missile Is fired from the submarine the United States launches its own anti misstie the antl misslle controlied by paddle No 0 There are many levels of play depending upon the speed Written by Dave Moteles and Nell Lipson Requires 18K memory MORSE CODE This program allows the user to learn morse code by the user typing in letters words or sentences english Then the dots and dashes are plotted on the screen At the same time sounds are generated to match the screen s output Several transmission speed levels are available Written by Ed Handley Requires 16K memory POLAR COORDINATE PLOT A high resolution graphics program which provides the user with 5 primary classic polar coordinate plots and a method by which the user can insert his own equation When the user s equati
125. ope They can be found everywhere from your local auto repair shop to the hospital operating room and by the thousands in laboratories around the world The peo ple that use them know that the shape of the squiggly line which appears on the Scope screen can tell whether their pa tient is sick or well and if the former what to do about it Sometimes how ever simple visual study of a scope pic ture does not provide enough informa tion In this case the modern day scien tist or engineer can resort to quite sophisticated and expensive equip ment to automatically dissect the pic ture and to spew out all sorts of numerical data concerning same This effortless analysis of wave forms is a fairly recent technical development It was not always quite so easy Before the advent of modern electronic computer technology the analysis of a particular wave form was an all day or ali week affair First one started with a graph of the function which was scaled to cycle every revolution of 360 This was divided into equal angular steps and through careful measurements a table of coordinates for each step on the curve was developed The curve shown in Figure 1 illustrates a representative plot of data which could have been col lected from the vibrations of a gasoline engine torque variations of a syn chronous motor or some other physical phenomenon The next step was to calculate the coeffi cients of the terms of a Fourier s
126. or com puters abound but some features of the SYM 1 make it easy to generate stereo music and may be of interest to SYM 1 owners Such a program aiso illustrates some of the uses of the on board UART s a 5 6532 and two SY6522 s and some of the SUPERMON monitor routines The listing explains the procedures of the program but a few comments here may be helpful With no attempt at making use of the memory at the greatest effi ciency each stereo note consists of five bytes the duration is given by the first byte then two bytes give the frequency for each of the two stereo tones having that duration For the program given the duration is in multiples of about 0 01 second and is timed by counting down in the 6532 The frequency bytes are placed into the latches of the 6522 s for use in the timer 1 free running mode Tne 6522 s timers generate square wave out puts with a frequency based on the con tents of the latches The 6532 timer com putes when the next 5 bytes should be read and new values placed in the latches Two subroutines allow for repeating all or part of the tune A duration byte of FF causes a return to the beginning of the tune for a single repeat of the tune up to that point Upon reading the FF a second time the repeat is ignored and the rest of the tune played If the dura tion is 00 the tune is over but im mediately begun again as if for the first time The output port AA used by the 6522 3 is b
127. or the duration of time contained in the Willlam L Taylor 246 Flora Road Leavittsburg OH 44430 loop at line 1205 This loop FOR J 1 TO X NEXT J is the dot length The dot length time element is stored in variable X at line 106 When the loop has timed out then PBO will be brought low and a return executed The next Morse ele ment is identified and generated in either the subroutine at 1200 or 1300 depending if it is a dot or a dash The dot length dash length and the length be tween characters are contained variables at lines 102 through 109 The H variable at line 102 holds the information that identifies PBO and turns PBO on in the subroutines at 1200 and 1300 The R variable contents are used to turn PBO off The variable at line 106 is the dot length The variable at line 108 is the dash length The variable at line 109 is the length between characters This variable can be eliminated if desired The variables X and R can be adjusted for any desired dot dash length The routine at lines 10 20 and 30 initialize the PIA This initialization sets the B port as the out put port The value in variable G at 100 identifies the initial location of the PIA The object code subroutine for the pro gram is stored at Hex OCOO The object code contents are 0COO 20 0 01 ED 0002 FE 0CO3 80 0C04 00 0 05 0 06 60 The tone oscillator board is a straight forward construction project requiring few components The
128. ould not happen if the colors are absolutely pure but most colors are not so expect this situation more often Notice the correction al gorithm in statement 70 in the program to correct for the blue cell The cells that used were somewhat more sensitive to blue than the other colors which is com mon of cadium sulfide This was noticed when the color gun kept saying orange the compliment of blue The correction Red 5V pdi O Blue D Lipson 29 S New Ardmore Ave Broomall PA 19008 algorithm elimates most of this problem If the gun acts strangely run it again until it gests a good calibration It some times takes more than one run to get it working properly usually because it is confused by a bright color nearby By fine tuning the software and using more exact ratios you can determine many other colors Given enough ratios to choose from you can give the color temperature of the object with high quality cells and filters The typical photographic filters you can use are the yellow K2 the red 25 or 25A and the blue 47 These may be varied if desired to meet the spectral response of the particular cell you buy You couid even use different colors in the filters as long as you adjust the software accordingly Buy the smallest filter you can it only has to cover about 1 2 inch diameter but make sure there is no light leak from the sides of the cells If you follow these
129. our program with all the remarks you need give your variables meaningful names After the program is done let the Optimizer create a fast efficient production version Copies Just released Price 19 95 for Cassette Version 25 95 for Disk Ver sion Texas residents add 5 sales tax Includes Cassette Version Cassette and Instructions Disk Version Diskette with sample program and instructions Author Bruce H Barber Available from Bruce H Barber 11803 Rosewood Drive Houston TX 77070 June 1979 THE MICRO SOFTWARE Name PET PILOT System PET Memory 8K Language BASIC Hardware Student use no extra hardware Teacher use cassette 2 Description Full Pilot for PET with full BASIC in C statements amp programs to 80K characters No more memory limitation on program size you can write real courses in this PILOT Copies Release date 4 15 79 5 test sites Price 12 00 postpaid in US prepaid orders only Includes Teacher s Manual Cassette Reference Card Licence for 1 machine Order Info Must be prepaid and include PET serial number Author Dave Gomberg Martin Kamp Available from Dave Gomberg Martin Kamp 7 Gateview Court San Francisco CA 94116 Name Series One System PET Memory 8K Language Not Specified Hardware Basic 8K PET or 16 32K Full keyboard PET Description Series One is a collection of 25 programs for the Commodore PET personal computer For less than one collar each Series One
130. ower up reset to return to the AIM format If you do not have the correct value in A408 for what you are trying to do it will not work and in general will not give you any indicat on that it is not working The KIM Loader or Dumper is invoked by specifying as the I O de vice Now tha you finally understand how to use the AIM to load a KIM tape you set A408 to 5A for a regular KIM tape which has your favorite program and run the AIM Load specifying K for the input de vice the program identifier that you used when you recorded the tape as the file name and the correct tape unit You sit back and wait for the load to com plete But what s this The AIM is sud denly in some strange state It may be saying OUT z which does not make sense or even worse may be dumping MICRO 13 34 Teems of paper out of the printer What happened What happened was that your typical KIM program which uses all available memory on the KIM lo cations 0000 to O3FF has found a small problem with the AIM KIM format load program The problem is the STACK The programmers who develop ed the KIM monitor were super smart in realizing that given the very limited on board memory of the KIM users would often want to load ALL of the RAM from 0000 to O3FF right over page zero and page one stack all They made the KIM load and dump routines work with out using page zero or page one in any way that would not interfere with data in
131. pe The table generator sllows you to save the ehape table in any usable location In memory It is applesoft program Written by Summary Summers Price 9 95 Ali Programs 9 95 EACH Programs are 16K uniess specified HARDWARE LIGHT PEN includes 5 programs Light Meter which gives you reading of light every fraction of a second from 0 to 588 The light graph will graph the value of light hitting the pen on the screen The Jight pen will draw the screen points which you have drawn and then connect them it will also give the coordinates of the points if desired drawn lo res The fourth program will do the same except draw it hi res The fifth program Is a utility program that allows you to place any number of points on the screen for use menu selection or In games and when you touch this point it will choose It It is not confused by outside light and uses artificial Intelligence Only the hi res light pen requires 48K and ROM card Written by Nei D Lipson Light Pen supported by 5 programs 34 95 Send Check or M O to P O Box 273 Ply Mtg PA 19462 Programs Accepted for Pubiication Highest Royalty Paid Postage and Handling Add 1 00 for first Item then 50 for each PA Residents Add 6 Sales Tax ASK the Doctor Part V Reading KIM Tapes on the AIM and SYM EGRE CUM CK MADE The Doctor d
132. phics rom polled keyboard Description If you have OSI s rom graphics generator chip then you have been looking for GRAFAX GRAFAX is designed to give you finger tip control over the full OSI graphics capabilities You no longer will need laborious poke list BASIC string conversions or machine language kludges just to get something on the screen GRAFAX uses single key stroke commands for cursor movement character selection 32 64 format screen save restore optional requires at least 2k ram beyond the basic 4k machine and cassette save load GRAFAX is not an X Y plotter but rather a full screen imaging tool carefully devised to free your creative ability for drawing instead of programming Copies New just released Price 10 00 1 00 postage USA Includes 300 baud cassette BASIC machine language source sample screens and documentation Author Mark Bass Available from Mark Bass 269 Jamison Drive Frankfort Illinois 60423 Name Polar Coordinate Plot System Apple Memory 16K and ROM Board Language Apple l Soft Description A high resolution graphics program which gt gt plots polar coordinate equations 4 classic equations e and user s own equation After plot is completed data in cartisian and polar coordiante system will appear on the screen in a summary table form so that the plot can be easily duplicated Copies 50 Price 99 95 1 00 postage and handling PA residents add 6 sales tax Includ
133. r NH 03103 603 627 1464 June 1979 DNE 16K LOW POWER MEMORY Do you want more memory for your KIM SYMIAIM but don t have a 5 amp power supply or fan to cool it Our 16K low power dynamic RAM board is designed for these processors and draws a mere 200MA from 8 volts unregulated and 200MA max 75 MA typical from 16 volts unregulated Our little K 1000 power supply can in fact run 64K of these boards plus a KIM easily K 1016A 16K RAM 340 00 We now have available a multifunction system board for the KIM SYM AIM processors It has a PROM capacity of 12K using the industry standard 2708 PROM or 14K using the readily available 2716 Also included is 2708 2716 PROM programmer 4 para Nel ports and a bidirectional serial port Low power 8 at 350MA 16 250MA 1012 PROM 10 237 00 MICRO 13 17 SYM 1 STEREO TUNE PLAYER BY PHILLIP M RINARD MAY 1979 MODIFIED BY MIKE ROWE 1 SUPERMON REFERENCES R R ACCESS 8886 ACCESS SUBKOUTINE T E E OUTBYT 82FA OUTPUT BYTE SUBROUTINE I Q Q OUTCHR 8A47 OUTPUT CHARACTER TO DISPLAY 0 ACR ADOB AUXILIARY CONTROL REGISTER N ONE TWO ACRX ACOB ACR DIFFERENT VIA 270 05 00 00 IER INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 295 LD Ec 03 IERX ACOE IER DIFFERENT VIA 37A 05 0000 00 00 TOL A006 TIMER LATCH 33F 30 FC DU 09 TOC 005 COUNTER eau OS 00 00 000 TOLX 06 TIMER LATCH 244 0 ED 05 DA B
134. rogramming a Microcomputer 6502 Foster 8 90 Cass ttes tapes guaranteed Premium quality high output lownoise in 5 screw housing with labels C 10 10 5 95 50 25 00 100 48 00 C 30 10 7 00 50 30 00 100 57 00 WRITE FOR 6502 AND 5 100 PRODUCT LIST 115 E Stump Road B Computers Montgomeryville PA 18936 215 699 8386 LERDER IN COMPUTER EDUCATION INTRODUCES THE 6502 SERIES PROGRAMMING THE 6502 3By Rodnay Zaks 320 pp refC202 10 95 An introductory programming text for the 6502 Does not require any prior programming knowledge From arithmetic to interrupt driven input output techniques It has been de signed as a progressive step by step course with exercises in the text designed to test the reader at every step 6502 GAMES By Rodnay Zaks ref G402 13 95 From Piano to tic tac toe in cluding many popular games and how to program your own To be published SS 6502 APPLICATIONS BOOK 6502 APPLICATIONS BOOK by Rodnay Zaks 275 pp ref D302 12 95 Presents a series of practical hardware amp software applica tions for any 6502 board Applications can be used as experiments or implemented at minimal cost A few ex amples morse generator elec tronic piano digital clock home alarm systems traffic controller and more TO ORDER By phone 415 848 8233 Visa M C American Express By mall Include payment Shipping charges add 65 per book 4th class allow
135. s interrupt flag The timer T1 is not allowed to interrupt the 6502 rather its interrupt capability is disabled and the flag is watched by reading the interrupt flag register IFR With 14 20 intervals of 50 000 clock Cycles apiece one gets a total interval of one second 14 is located in 0000 The T1 timer is loaded with instructions starting at 0230 Note that the number used is less than 50 000 because my AIM 65 crystal s slow by 244 parts in one million cycles You may wish to make ad justments with this number also de pending on your system s clock frequen The frequency counter works as follows Timer T2 in its pulse counting mode is in itially loaded with FFFF 2 65535 Once it is loaded timer T1 is started and PBO is brought to logic O to allow the NAND gate to let pulses through At the end of the timing interval described in the preceding paragraph the gate is closed the timer T2 is read the result is sub tracted from FFFF this number is con verted from HEX to BCD and it is added to the display locations using the ADC instruction in the decimal mode If at any time the T2 timer counts through zero an interrupt request IRQ occurs and the display registers cremented by 65536 1 T2is reloaded with FFFF and counting con tinues At the end of one second the total number of counts is displayed by the display subroutine which by the way is identical to the 24
136. sitivity they can be equalized easily in software This is illustrated in the listing Merely point the gun at a white piece of paper or at the light source itself if its not too bright during the calibration procedure The construction of the gun is very simple Mount the three cells in a triangle about 2 for each side on a piece of wood or other material Then place three filters over the cells with red on paddle 0 cell blue on paddle 1 cell and yellow on paddle 2 cell The purer the filter the better Photographic filters are the best and will give the best results However red blue or yellow clear plastic will work satisfactorily in most situations Note the use of the REM statements in the program These are for slowing down the paddle readings just a hair in order to avoid having the readings overlap The wiring diagram is shown in Figure 1 June 1979 Mount the entire setup in some type of barrel or cylinder about 4 inches long with the inside of the barrel painted white and glue everything together and seal against light leaks Plug it into the game paddle after the wiring is complete and you ready to go For the pin numbers of the paddles consult your red manual The Color Gun Program Type the program into the Apple in Ap plesoft 2 and run The gun will only recognize 6 colors and when it isn t sure what the color is it will give you two colors one primary color and one sec ondary This sh
137. ted by depressing the systems argu ment key simulataneously with the command key desired LEFT Move cursor one position to the left RGHT Move cursor one position to the right UP Move cursor up one line DOWN Move cursor down one line BHOM Home cursor in lower left left hand corner HOME Home cursor in upper left hand corner PAG Move up toward top of file one page PAG Move down toward bottom of file one page LTAB Move cursor left one horizontal tab RTAB Move cursor right one horizontal tab TO Go to top of file line 1 3 n GOTO Go to line n Go to bottom of file last line 1 Search backwards up into file for the next occurence of the string specified in the last search command t SCH Search backwards for string t SCH SCH Search forwards down into the 6502FORTH Z 80FORTH 6800 FORTH FORTH is a unique threaded language that is ideally suited for systems and applications programming on a micro processor system The user may have the interactive FORTH Compiler Interpreter system running stand alone in 8K to 12K bytes of RAM The system also offers a built in incremental assembler and text editor Since the FORTH language is vocabulary based the user may tailor the system to resemble the needs and structure of any specific application Programming in FORTH consists of defining new words which draw upon the existing vocabulary and w
138. uffered and thus can drive a speaker after putting about a 200 Ohm resistor between two points of the rightmost buffer s PC holes As shown on page 4 12 of the SYM Reference Manual these are points 4 and the one between and below points C and 7 The port can be buffered by one of the three remaining on board buffers or one of your own off the board Place another 200 Ohm resistor in another set of PC board holes and place the nput signal from port A on the exposed wire of the Phillip M Rinard 2019 Park Ave Emporia KS 66801 on board resistor immediately above the transistor The outputs to both speakers are then available from port AA see page 4 11 of the SYM Reference Manual for ex act pin numbers As an illustration of the stereo player a listing of data for the Star Wars music is given The notes of zero frequency provide brief intervals of silence be tween notes to more realistically im mitate a musical instrument This pro gram and data fit into the 1K of on board memory provided from the factory Sockets for 3K more memory are pres ent as is a socket for a third 6522 If more of this memory is used for extend ed tunes then additional programming is necessary similar to that in locations 1B through 21 where starting ad dresses are changed so that as the Y register increments up to 255 the proper note is retrieved Obviously an en thusiast could expand on this type of program with the SYM 1 c
139. urs Tues Fri 11 00 AM to 8 00 PM Sat 10 00 AM to 6 00 PM Closed Sun Mon Master Charge Visa of A are accepted No COD Allow 2 weeks for personal check to clear Add 1 50 for handling and postage For computer systems please add 10 00 for shipping handling and insurance California residents add 622 Sales Tax Sorting with the APPLE Il Part The first of a series of articles which will deal with sort ing in general and on the APPLE in particular This in stallment presents some background material a com parison of three sorting techniques and a program for implementing the Shell Metzner sort Gary Foote 127 Mt Spring Road Tolland CT 06084 Table Sorting in BASIC Whether you are maintaining complex data bases compiling mailing lists or simply keeping track of your checkbook SORTED WORDS at some time you will need to sort records There are a multitude of sorts SORT 10 100 500 1000 available from the slow one in the APPLE CHECKBOOK pro gram through the relatively fast BASIC SHELL METZNER 1 34 268 647 Sort to my exceedingly fast by a factor BUTTERFLY HART 2 38 266 606 of 200 machine language sort What HEAPSORT 1 35 261 600 makes a sort fast and which sort is the fastest These are the questions will cover in my series on exploring sorting with the APPLE ll Background There have been many magazine articles written on sorting The ones based my initial in
140. vestigation on were those in the Nov Dec 1976 issue of CREATIVE COM PUTING covering the SHELL METZNER bubble delayed replacement and heap sorts and the JAN FEB 1978 issue of the same magazine on the Butterfly Hart sort The first article found the Shell Metzner and heapsorts to be a vast im provement over the bubble and delayed replacement sorts The second article found the Butterfly Hart to be even faster The Shell Metzner and heapsort are replacement type sorts that is the records are compared to one another and replace each other according to some unique aigorhythm They are rela tively small in size and don t rely on much extra storage for their processing The Butterfly Hart is a linked list sort A tree structure is built from the records and broken down into several smaller sorted lists These lists are then merged to form the final result This sort is much faster for large numbers of records but is quite complex and requires extra storage to hold the lists and tree struc ture For more details on how these sorts operate leave you to refer to the original articles programmed each of these sorts in INTEGER BASIC and compared them by sorting various numbers of random ten character strings Below were the results June 1979 Al sorting times in seconds For further exploration decided to use the Sheli Metzner sort because it was easiest to program and most compact Many things had to be taken into ac
141. ware continues to expand offerings Listed below are our most popular programs No PET owner should be without these Dealers you should stock them as well Like STARTREK but has several UNIQUE features For PET TREK 3 example the unpredictable EXPERIMENTAL RAY who knows what it willdo 7 95 It s you vs the PET with an exciting game of BACKGAM BACKGAMMON 7 95 MON Gah P Plays two simultaneous games one where you guess MASTER MIND 7 95 PET s secret code and another where PET guesses yours Will renumber your BASIC programs including all jump RENUMBER statements For a 6K source code requires less than 5 SBCOnDdS 1 2 95 PILOT A BASIC coded PILOT interpreter A second high level language for the PET Simple to use even a ten year old can learn to use PILOT quickly With sample PILOT pro grams and documentation 51 2 95 CHECKBOOK Will balance your checkbook and save totals in 16 categories on tape Will produce end of month and year to date summaries Categories can easily be changed to suit your OWN 1 2 95 Keeps a mailing list and will sort the list into sub groups MAIL LIST 12 95 using up to three search parameters All of our programs are available on tape or for the Compu Think disk We charge 5 00 for the disk and shipping but you c
142. wer supply such as the one below but provisions have been made so that you can add onboard regulators for use with an unregulated power supply But because of unreliability we do not recommend the use of onboard regulators All C s are socketed for ease of maintenance All boards carry full 90 day warranty All products that we manufacture are designed to meet or exceed industrial standards All components are first qualtiy and meet full manufacturer s specifications All this and an extended burn in is done to reduce the norma percentage of field failures by up to 7596 To yov this means the chance of inconvenience and lost time due to a failure is very rare but if it should happen we guarantee a turn around time of less than forty eight hours for repair Our money back guarantee If for any reason you wish to return any board that you have purchased directly from us within ten 10 days after receipt complete in original condition and in original shipping carton we will give you a complete credit or refund less a 10 00 restocking charge per board VAK 1 8 SLOT MOTHERBOARD This motherboard uses the KIM 4 bus structure It provides eight 8 expansion board sockets with rigid card cage Separate jacks for audio cassette TTY and power supply are provided Fully buffered bus VAK 1 Motherboard 129 00 VAK 2 4 16K STATIC RAM BOARD This board using 2114 RAMs is configured in two 2 separately addressable 8K blocks with individu
143. xidy Sorcerer 895 CREATIVE COMPUTING magazine is Num ber 1 in hardware software and system evaluations in depth thorough evaluations give you the facts before you buy Creative Computing was the first to review these now popular systems Radio Shack TRS 80 Exidy Sorcerer VideoBrain Heath H 8 Bally Basic OS Challenger and many others More important we also review peripherals and software from independents as well as manufacturers And what are you going Whichof these computers TL Z f 1S for you Bally Arcade 399 Radio Shack TRS 80 599 Ohio Scientific C2 4P 598 to do with it CREATIVE COMPUTING has long been Number 1 in applications and software for micros minis and time sharing systems for homes schools and small businesses Loads of applications every issue text editing graphics communications artificial intelligence simulations data base and file systems music synthesis analog control Complete programs with sampie runs Programming techniques sort algorithms file structures shuffling etc Coverage of electronic and video games and other related consumer electronics products too Just getting started Then turn to our technology tutorials learning activities short programs and problem solving pages No nonsense book reviews too Even some fiction and foolishness Subscriptions 1 year 15 3 years 40 Foreign add 9 year surface postage 26 year
144. y BASIC version is divided into several parts The first part generates random character strings in memory depending on the record size and count entered This is for benchmark tests and can be replaced with your own I O routine for your application Line 140 actually puts the random characters in memory so replacing this line with a REM after your first run allows you to test other sorting methods while using the same records The second part merely initializes the memory pointer array and prints the un sorted strings This can also be included in your VO routine The third part is the actual SHELL METZNER sort The routine can be easily changed if you wish to sort numbers in an array instead of strings in memory Finally there is a routine to print the results and a handy routine from CALL APPLE for finding the address of a variable in the data area SWEET 16 for Size Never being satisfied decided to con tinue another step and try to program the sort routine in SWEET 16 as all you APPLE people know a 16 bit interpreter implemented in ROM An excellent ar ticle in the NOV 1977 issue of BYTE or the BEST OF BYTE VOL 1 was my source for SWEET 16 information SWEET 16 was 4 to 9 times faster than the BASIC sort and very compact due MICRO 13 21 to the powerful instruction set But due to difficulty in implementing and be cause the machine language routine was several orders of magnitude faster am not including
145. ytlik The Basic Morse Keyboard by William L Taylor SYM phony i in Stereo or Circulation Manager by Phillip M Rinard 5 52 CoD Carol A Stark Sorting with the APPLE I Part 1 i gt by Gary Foote Streamlining the C2 4P byJamesL Cass 6502 Information Resources Updated by William R Dial Color Gun for the Apple by Neil D Lipson _ ASK the Doctor ParV j Reading KIM Tapes on the AIM and SYM OUS 24 7 byRobert M Tripp em m A Chief Goter Computer Determined Parameters lor ud 2 Fred Dave Free Radical AE E 3 by L S Reich A7 MICRO is published monthly by Editor Publisher Robert M Tripp Business Manager Maggie E Fisher Distribution EileenM Enos Janet Santaguida hd Micro Systems Lab James R Witt Jr Stephens L Allen CE Comptroller Donna M Fripp AIM 6522 Based Frequency Counter E MICRO IDE Kc by Marvin L DeJong KIM The Tunesmith by Anthony R Scarpelli MICROBES The MICRO Software Mike Rowe SYM 1 Speak to Me by Jack Gieryic Reading PET Cassettes Without PET By David P Kemp lt 34Cheimsford Street Chelmstord Massachusetts 617 256 5515 Mailing address for alt correspondence subscriptions i and address changesi is MICRO ST P O Box 6502

MICRO 6502 Journal, Volume 13, June 1979

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