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Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers User`s Manual

1. 4 2 Enabling the Telnet FTP Server iiec ere ertet eot ee ea hn ae na en ta bn b n on dia da 4 2 Disabling thie Telnet FIP Server 1 LL ees 4 2 DNS i iu Nu RE RM MEN UR MARE RR MAR M RM E RM ERN MPO de 4 2 Web Service ApaGhe vise nonsese etat nt t datas o Dd ed ERO CR eas CERRAR ER T e e RT tas TOR d Tans RR ER La da 4 2 Installing PHP for Apache Web Server cccccccc ccc e erent nee ertai aAa messes esses esses se etes rennen 4 3 BE aN E E icc conega i 4 5 Observe and Erase Chain Rules cece heme nemen hee he ee se eene eese nennen 4 8 Define Policy for Chain Rules abeam ape ade nano dh dfe a d d ama mama 4 8 Append or De lete Rul ss irren nl ne e o man mama sana mana C GC GC LG DET E EET RE UR d 4 9 NAT dsl atat ama name aa ia ahaa aaa rada 4 10 NAT S epe oliet 4 10 Enabling NAT at Bootup sssssssssssssssssee e eene memes meses esses esse ese esee ese se esses sesso 4 10 Dialup Service PPP euie ti tee ree E AA lee ed eed pa eee CE Cue Leu ed eue bee EESE CEEE tese EE ERA FLY T 4 11 PARO er Mm T I I M TE 4 14 PPP Over Collar CREA d tat domi namtals 4 15 Mail bii easi etate oM adds A pea M Manda Menon acta Meade AA TA Da aan saaedanananancananaanns ar 4 17 COPS nud 4 17 Tool Chains for Application DevelopMe
2. ccecececec eee eee eee eene messes ese esse esses ssa 2 14 ComplilingHellO Ei rs id widen desl atenci ii drid da aida ida added iaia id s 2 14 Uploading and Running the Hello Program cccccecececee eee ee eee mmm emm memes sess nnn nas 2 15 3 Managing the RTU Controllers c ccceceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeesaeeusesaeeueusaeaususaeaususauaususaueususaeeusesananes 3 1 System Version Information citri rre o CR TR TEN TER 3 2 Firmware Upgrade and Default Settilgs ioco cete ocet A masia AAA ada d 3 2 Upgrading the FIFImWaFEe z a e cacctctoeeenteee ee ene eta cas Ce Pi o italia diana 3 2 Loading Factory Defaults car serere uta ee e e e e tada nia ete ete CL eah a Ga ede et ee eq nta 3 3 Enabling and Disablirig Daetrionss renes aa ese na Rp RR RO DOR RON PS 3 3 Setting the R nsLevel ux isa RARE e ne t d dcn Fc e d saa do edd Saas ERE CR REGN D RR ER Te TR maia 3 5 Adjusting the System TINE vacas tarada de totu aa eaa OTEA TAEAE ARA AAA AA A 10090002 a ats 1 a a 9d 0a da adn 3 6 Setting the Time Man ally 2 aaa 3 6 Updating the Time with NTP Cli nt 0 Im Imm mem mem messes hene ese esses een 3 6 Updating the Time Automatically pee e ue ee e mas dac cn dd dc b da Rs 3 7 Executing Scheduled Commands with Cron Daemon sss sese ese sre 3 7 4 Managing Communications 4 eeeseseeeeeee esee nene nu nuni nu hu nmn hm RRE ranma 4 1 IK luui
3. local net LANI 192 168 2 173 OpenVPNA LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LANI 192 168 8 174 LANI 192 168 4 172 2 The configuration procedure is almost the same as for the previous example The only difference is that you will need to comment out the parameter up in etc openvpn A tapO br conf and Jetc openvpn B tapO br conf LAN2 192 168 4 174 OpenVPN B local net 4 22 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Setup 3 Routed IP 1 Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram LANI 192 168 2 171 local net OpenVPNA LANI 192 168 2 173 LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LANI 192 168 8 174 LANI 192 168 4 172 2 Create a configuration file named A tun conf and an executable script file named A tun sh LAN2 192 168 4 174 OpenVPN B local net point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 2 173 192 168 4 174 up etc openvpn A tun sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 Create a configuration file named B tun conf and an executable script file named B tun sh on OpenVPN B remote 192 168 8 173 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun m
4. DD Date hhmm hour and minute YYYY Year Use the following command to set the RTC time hwclock w Write current system time to RTC The following figure illustrates how to update the system time and set the RTC time root Moxa date Eri Jun 23 23 30 31 CST 2000 root Moxa hwclock Fri Jun 23 23 30 35 2000 0 557748 seconds root Moxa date 120910002010 Thu Dec 9 10 00 00 CST 2010 root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock Thu Dec 9 10 01 07 CST 2010 Thu Dec 9 10 01 08 2010 0 933547 seconds root Moxa Updating the Time with NTP Client The Moxa C programming RTU controller has a built in NTP Network Time Protocol client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote NTP server Use ntpdate lt Time Server gt to update the system time and save it to the RTC ntpdate time stdtime gov tw hwclock vv Visit http www ntp org for more information about NTP and NTP server addresses 3 6 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers NOTE 104120758 100 PUTTY root Moxa date hwclock Sat Jan 1 00 00 36 CST 2000 Sat Jan 1 00 00 37 2000 0 772941 seconds root Moxa ntpdate time stdtion gov tw 9 Dec 10 58 53 ntpdate 207 step time server 220 130 158 52 offset 155905087 984256 sec root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock Thu Dec 9 10 59 11 CST 2010 Thu Dec 9 10 59 12 2010 0 844076 seconds rootGMoxa i Before using
5. modprobe ip tables 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack 25 dev null modprobe ip conntrack ftp 2 gt dev null modprobe ip conntrack irc 2 dev null modprobe iptable nat 2 gt dev null modprobe ip nat ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip nat irc 25 dev null Step 2 Define variables enable routing and erase default rules PATH bin sbin usr bin usr sbin usr local bin usr local sbin export PATH echo 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip forward bin iptables F bin iptables X bin iptables Z bin iptables F t nat bin iptables X t nat bin iptables Z t nat bin iptables P INPUT ACCEPT bin iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT bin iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT bin iptables t nat P PREROUTI NG ACCEPT bin iptables t nat P POSTROUTI NG ACCEPT bin iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT Step 3 Enable I P masquerade Dial up Service PPP NOTE PPP Point to Point Protocol is used to run IP Internet Protocol and other network protocols over serial connection PPP can be used for direct serial connections using a null modem cable over a Telnet link and for links established using a modem over a telephone line Modem and PPP access is almost identical through the RTU controller s Ethernet port Since PPP is a peer to peer system the RTU controller can also use PPP to link two networks or a local network to the Internet to create a Wide Area Network WAN Cli
6. 268 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp seq 1 ttl 225 time 247 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 2 ttl 225 time 266 ms C 129 67 1 165 ping statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 096 packet loss round trip min avg max 247 260 268 ms waddington 4 13 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Try typing netstat nr It should show three routes similar as the following Kernel routing table Destination iface Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use 129 67 1 165 pppO 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 6 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo 0 0 0 0 pppO 129 67 1 165 0 0 0 0 UG 0 0 6298 If your output looks similar but doesn t have the destination 0 0 0 0 line which refers to the default route used for connections you may have run pppd without the defaultroute option At this point you can try using Telnet ftp or finger bearing in mind that you ll have to use numeric IP addresses unless you ve set up etc resolv conf correctly Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections This first example applies to using a modem and requiring authorization with a username and password pppd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 login auth You should also add the following line to the file etc ppp pap secrets utt The first star lets everyone login The second star lets every host connect The pair of doubl
7. COM port that is connecting the RTU controller and configure the settings to 115 200 8 none and 1 Cs Communication Parameter Terminal File Transfer Capturing Protocol Serial s m Serial Parameters User defined Data bits e Parity None y Sos T Flow control RTSICTS DTR DSR XON XOFF RTS state ON C OFF DIR state ON C OFF Baud rate STEP 6 Click on the Terminal tab and configure the Terminal Type to VT100 Click OK to proceed I x Communication Parameter Terminal File Transfer Capturing Terminal type T100 y r Window Size E Size E0 Dumb Terminal History depth 25 unit row r Transmit Local echo Send Enter key as JCR F zi m Receive CR translation No Changed y LF translation No Changed v IV Enable auto line wrap STEP 7 Serial console will be displayed on the terminal screen E COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 n rootfAMoxa Telnet Console It will be easy to use the system embedded command telnet to connect the RTU controller via network connection The default IP address and Netmask are given below Default I P Address Netmask LAN 1 192 168 127 254 255 255 255 0 Use a cross over Ethernet cable to connect directly from the host PC to the RTU controller User must first modify the host PC s IP address and netmask to be in the same subnet as the target R
8. Hello subdirectory and issue the following commands cd example hello make Users should see the following response root localhost hello make usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc o hello release hello c usr local arm linux bin arm linux strip s hello release usr local arm linux bin arm linux gcc ggdb o hello debug hello c root localhost hello The hello release and hello debug are described as below hello release An ARM platform executable file created specifically to run on the Moxa RTU Controllers 2 14 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started hello debug An ARM platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details NOTE Since the Moxa s tool chain places a specially designed Makefile in the directory tmp example hello be sure to type the make command from within that directory If users type the make command from any other directory the host Linux PC may use other system compilers for example cc or gcc and resulting errors Uploading and Running the Hello Program 1 Use the following commands to upload hello release to the RTU controller by FTP From the PC type ftp 192 168 127 254 2 Use the bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary mode and then use the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp gt bin ftp cd home ftp put hello release 3 From the Moxa RTU type chmod x hello release hello release The w
9. TCP packets from Class C network 192 168 1 0 24 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 1 0 24 j ACCEPT Example 4 Drop TCP packets from 192 168 1 25 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 1 25 j DROP Example 5 Drop TCP packets addressed for port 21 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp dport 21 j DROP Example 6 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 24 to Moxa RTU s port 137 138 139 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 0 24 dport 137 139 j ACCEPT Example 7 Drop all packets from MAC address 01 02 03 04 05 06 4 9 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications iptables A INPUT i ethO p all m mac mac source 01 02 03 04 05 06 j DROP NOTE In Example 7 remember to issue the command modprobe ipt mac first to load module ipt mac NAT NAT Network Address Translation protocol translates IP addresses used on one network to different IP addresses used on another network One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside network Typically the RTU controller connects several devices on a network maps local inside network addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and un maps the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses NOTE Click on the following links for more information about iptables and NAT http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO NAT HOWTO html NAT Example The IP address of LAN1 is changed
10. The DNS server s IP address is specified with the nameserver command For example add the following line to etc resolv conf if the DNS server s IP address is 168 95 1 1 nameserver 168 95 1 1 120 53 100 PUuLITY root Moxa etc cat resolv conf resolv conf This file is the resolver configuration file See resolver 5 nameserver 192 168 1 16 nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 140 115 1 31 nameserver 140 115 236 10 root Moxa etc etc nsswitch conf This file defines the sequence to resolve the IP address by using etc hosts file or etc resolv conf Web Service Apache The Apache web server s main configuration file is etc apache conf httpd conf with the default homepage located at home httpd htdocs index html Save the customized homepage to the following directory 4 2 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications home httpd htdocs Save the customized CGI page to the following directory home httpd cgi bin Before modifying the homepage use a browser from the host PC to perform a test to see if the Apache Web Server is working Type the LAN IP address of the target RTU controller in the browser s address box to open the homepage E g http 192 168 127 254 192 168 127 254 C 192 168 127 254 Moxa RTU controller To open the default CGI page type http 192 168 127 254 cgi bin test cgi in the browser s address box 192 168 127 2
11. connection alarms and Modbus communication Software Architecture The operating system that is pre installed in the Moxa C programmable RTU controller follows a standard Linux based architecture the program porting can be done with the Tool Chain provided by Moxa AP API r Protocol Stacks Device Driver OS Kernel Micro Memory Control Schedule Process Kernel Hardware The built in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader Kernel Root File System and User directory partitions In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System the Moxa C programmable RTU controller uses a unique Root File System with Protected Configuration for emergency use This RootFile System comes with serial and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the Factory Default I mage file User settings and applications are saved in the user directory To improve system reliability the Moxa C programmable RTU controller has a built in mechanism that prevents the system from crashing When the kernel boots up the RTU will mount the root file system in read only mode and then enable services and daemons At the same time the kernel will start searching for system configuration parameters via rc or inittab Normally the kernel uses the Root File System to boot up the system The Root File System is protected and cannot be changed by users which creates a safe zone for users For more information
12. d e e e ed Ava aple e Oo ed o de dblo 6 0 6 9 4 de amO 499 0 0 4 0 4 a de dblo 0 896 0 D de dblo 0 896 0 ome de dblo 0 896 0 e p 0 4 0 0 4 0 de oot Moxa le Checking the dev mtdblock3 to see if the available space is over 3 MB Step 2 Perfrom upramdisk command to create a temporary RAM disk to download and save the package elo oxa b pramd elo oxa b d e e e ed Ava aple e e ed Oo de clone 6 0 6 9 4 de amO 499 0 8 0 456 0 4 a de dblo 0 896 0 p de clone 0 896 0 ome de dbLo 0 896 0 e 9 0 4 0 0 4 0 de de a 9 0 0 0 a amd ele oxa b Step 3 Download the PHP package Users can locate the package in Software and Document CD Software php php tgz root Moxa bin cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk ftp 192 168 127 130 Connected to 192 168 127 130 220 vsFTPd 2 0 1 Name 192 168 127 130 root root 331 Please specify the password Password 230 Login successful Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp bin 200 Switching to Binary mode ftp get php tgz local php tgz remote php tgz 200 PORT command successful Consider using PASV 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for php tgz 1789032 bytes 226 File send OK 1789032 bytes received in 0 66 secs 2 6e 03 Kbytes sec ftp 4 4 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Step 4 Unzip the package Perform the command tar xvzf php tar gz Step 5 Ch
13. memory space advanced processing power integration with physical 1 O channels and other peripherals The following topics are covered in this chapter O Overview O Software Architecture gt Journaling Flash File System J FFS2 gt Software Package O Available Products gt ioPAC 8020 C Series gt ioLogik W5348 C Series O Product Specifications Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers I ntroduction Overview The Moxa C programmable RTU controller uses the Moxa ART RISC CPU The RISC architecture and advanced semiconductor technology provide the RTU controller with a powerful computing engine and communication functions without generating a lot of heat A 32 MB NOR Flash ROM 64 MB on board SDRAM and an SD socket provide enough memory for you to install application software and store data directly on the RTU controller In addition the cellular modem the Ethernet switch ports and 3 in 1 serial interfaces create the best flexibility to communicate with field devices and with the central host making the Moxa C programmable RTU controller ideal for remote data acquisition and industrial control applications The pre installed operating system OS provides an open operating system for your software program development Software that runs on desktop PCs can be easily exported to the RTU controller with a cross compiler The software development package also provides versatile API functions such as I Os and communication control SCADA
14. to 192 168 127 254 you will need to load the module ipt MASQUERADE IP Netmask 192 168 3 100 24 Gateway 192 168 3 127 PC1 Linux or Windows LANI 192 168 3 127 24 Embedded Computer LAN2 192 168 4 127 24 PC2 Linux or Windows IP Netmask 192 168 4 100 24 Gateway 192 168 4 127 NAT Area Private IP echo 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip forward modprobe ip tables modprobe iptable filter modprobe ip conntrack modprobe iptable nat modprobe ipt MASQUERADE iptables t nat A POSTROUTING o ethO j SNAT to source 192 168 127 254 iptables t nat A POSTROUTING o ethO s 192 168 127 0 24 j MASQUERADE oN OU KR WN Hd Enabling NAT at Bootup In most of the situations you will want to use a simple shell script to enable NAT when the RTU controller boots up The following script is an example bin bash If you put this shell script in the home nat sh Remember to chmod 744 home nat sh 4 10 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Edit the rc local file to make this shell startup automatically vi etc rc d rc local 3 Add a line in the end of rc local home nat sh EXI F eth0 This is an external interface for setting up a valid I P address EXNET 192 168 4 0 24 This is an internal network address Step 1 Insert modules Here 2 dev null means the standard error messages will be dump to null device
15. 00 4 11 DIPS IEC 61000 6 2 ESD Level 2 3 IEC 61000 6 4 EFT Level 2 Shock EC 60068 2 27 Freefall IEC 60068 2 32 Vibration EC 60068 2 6 Rail Traffic EN 50155 EN 50121 3 2 EN 50121 4 for ioPAC 8020 C Note Please check Moxa s website for the most up to date certification status IEC 61000 4 4 Warranty Warranty Period ioPAC 8020 C T series 5 years ioLogik W5348 C series 2 years Details See www moxa com warranty 1 6 2 Getting Started In this chapter it explains how to connect the Moxa RTU C Programmable controller and how to get started on the programming The following topics are covered in this chapter O Installing the RTU Controller on a DI N Rail gt ioPAC 8020 C Series gt ioLogik W5348 C Series O Grouding the RTU Controller gt ioPAC 8020 C Series ioLogik W5348 Series O Powering on the RTU Controller O LED Indicators gt ioPAC 8020 C Series gt ioLogik W5348 C Series O Connecting the RTU Controller to a PC gt Serial Console gt Telnet Console gt SSH Console O RTUAdmin Utility Installing RTUAdmin Broadcast Search Main Screen Overview O Configuring the Ethernet Interface Modifying Network Settings via Serial Console Adding a Default Gateway Adding DNS Settings O Developing Procedures Installing the Tool Chain Linux Checking the Flash Memory Space Compiling Hello c Uploading and Running the Hello Program Moxa C
16. 2 2000 The command produces a line of output on the target system console similar to the following Remote debugging using 192 168 4 99 2000 192 168 4 99 is the host PC s IP address and 2000 is the port number You can now begin debugging in the host environment using the interface provided by dad Set a break point in the main function by double clicking or entering b main on the command line Click the cont button 5 3 6 Programmer s Guide This chapter includes important information for programmers The following topics are covered in this chapter O Flash Memory O CLibrary APIs Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Programmer s Guide Flash Memory Partition sizes are hard coded into the kernel binary The flash memory map is shown in the following table Total Size Contents Location Access System Space 20 MB Boot Loader 0x80000000 to Read Only 0x80080000 Linux Kernel 0x80080000 to 0x80400000 Root File System JFFS2 0x80400000 to 0x81400000 User Space 12 MB User directory J FFS2 0x81400000 to Read Write 0x82000000 If the user file system is incorrect the kernel will change the root file system to the kernel and use the default Moxa file system To finish the boot process run the init program NOTE 1 The user file system is a complete file system Users can create and delete directories and files including source code and executable files as needed 2 Users can create the
17. 54 cgi bin test C 192 168 127 254 cgi bin test ce CGI 1 0 test script report argc is 0 argv is SERVER SOFTWARE Apache 2 2 8 Unix mod ssl 2 2 8 OpenSSL 0 9 8i SERVER NAME 192 168 127 254 GATEUAY INTERFACE CGI 1 1 SERVER PROTOCOL HTTP 1 1 SERVER PORT 80 REQUEST METHOD GET HTTP ACCEPT text html application xhtml xml application xml q 0 9 q 0 8 PATH_INFO PATH_TRANSLATED SCRIPT_NAME cgi bin test cgi QUERY_STRING REMOTE HOST REMOTE_ADDR 192 168 127 201 REMOTE_USER AUTH_TYPE CONTENT_TYPE CONTENT_LENGTH NOTE The CGI function is enabled by default Modify the file etc apache conf httpd conf t to disable it While developing the customized CGI application make sure the CGI file is executable 192 168 127 254 PuTTY root M home httpd cgi bin ls al drwxr x 2 root root 0 Aug 24 1999 drwxr x 5 xogt root 0 Nov 5 16 16 rWXI Xr x 1 root root 757 Aug 24 1999 rootGMoxa home httpd cgi bind I nstalling PHP for Apache Web Server The Moxa C programming RTU controller supports the PHP option However since the PHP file is 3 MB it is not installed by default To install it first make sure there is enough free space at least 3 MB on the target RTU controller s flash ROM 4 3 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Step 1 Check if the system contains enough free space by performing the df h command elo oxa b
18. 92 End iP Address 192 168 1 254 255 255 255 0 C Network Mask do Search all support models ws348 fw ioPAC 020 3 140 server s were found t ServerName 1 Model_ IP Adress 1 ioPACBD20 ioPAC 8020 5 M12 C 192 168 127 254 00 90 E8 32 43 14 2 ioPAC8020 ioPAC 8020 5 RJ45 C T 192 168 127 254 00 90 E8 AB AB AB 3 ioPACB020 ioPAC 8020 9 RJ45 C T 192 168 127 254 00 90 8 11 57 43 Search for RTU Servers Main Screen Overview The main screen displays all the results of broadcast search 1 HT aixi P1 8 2 2 E File System Sot Help a E Host 192 168 19 201 cc DEM EE E BRAC MM Server Name Model IP Address MAC Address Subnet Mask cl cin 8020 5 RJ45 C T II ioPACSO20 ioP 192 168 127 254 00 90 E8 32 43 14 255 255 255 0 E icPAC 802099145 2 ioPACB020 ioP 192 168 127 254 00 90 ES AB AB AB 255 255 255 0 3 ioPacsoz0 ioP 192 168 127 254 00 90 E8 11 57 A3 255 255 255 0 0 00 22 16 1 Title 2 Menu Bar 3 Quick Link 4 Navigation Panel 5 Main Window 6 Sync Rate Status 7 Status Bar Title It displays the program that is running In this case it is Moxa RTUAdmin Menu Bar The Menu bar has four items File System Sort and Help File Use the File Exit to close the RTUAdmin 2 10 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Gettin
19. Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers User s Manual First Edition August 2011 www moxa com product 2011 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice Trademarks 2011 Moxa Inc All rights reserved The MOXA logo is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the publication Technic
20. O e FUEL ERE TUE OX UTR E EE UE EAE AR ETE EET CR OI C ER a 2 4 Poweririg on the RTIU Gontroller ioo 0 122020919000 20 0491803130204 04 9394 9A AAA ARA AA dida RARA RARA ATA ATA TAA OA ds 2 4 LED SACO Sita 2 5 IoPAC 8020 C Serles ANA 2 5 ioLogik W5348 C alada IR 2 5 Connecting the RTU Controller toa PE atera 2 5 A PE 2 6 Telnet Consoli eo A ac abia 2 7 SSH CO Ot UEM 2 8 RTUAI in UY aa did 2 9 lmstalling RTUAd Mi a asi ais lada abone 2 9 A some i ep ban Renan c en Ran bc d da ER e RR Ras Ra GRON Rada eR RO RR d 2 10 Main Screen Overview vere tese sete ee ee tete tees eet eee tree erba Erbe e Pe FE tret mes VETE TR EE DE ER ER ER ERE ER CEU EE TR COH TIER TE 2 10 Contiguring the Ethernet bnterface u ioo da iod oec o otro trot eo a duoc CS ae otro ocu odd od oda ee eda 2 12 Modifying Network Settings via Serial Console sssssssssssessseeee nnnm memes nas 2 12 Addirig a Default Gateway sioe rete ete teret et ete ead wie ese ba ete ete EOL epe eb enar eda e eed eee 2 13 Adding DNS Settiligs o mm a t d be em e S sn a ea sm f a a aa a 2 13 Developing Proced res emer eC n e de e TARATARA t evans Vana ce TARA CUNE do ed OH CHE Seas RR Re 2 13 installing the Tool Ghai GONUX a ma tia maca totae oe ToO te tated a gata eu Dada Coo Te ou aa T te Paga Os a tetera eu isa dide 2 13 Checking the Flash Memory Space
21. Output I mpedance 120m ohms typical tatus Off state Resistance 500K ohms typical 4 mmi Response Time 100 ms Over Current Protection 200 mA per channel pi Isolation O to logic photocoupler isolation Lm Er Channel to Channel Isolation 2 5K VDC nos Operating Temperature 40 to 75 C m Dot ma o Power Consumption 24 mA 24 VDC typical a 1 O Cable Wire AWG 14 2 0 mm x mm max m von m mE co m vo mz oo m m ml o0u m o 8 channel Analog Input Module 16 bit Resolution coming soon D M 3802 T 8 analog inputs 4 to 20 mA 16 bits f Inputs per Module 8 channels differential RM 3802 T Input Current Range 4 to 20 mA pe 2 Current input E x 4 20mA Input I mpendence 120 ohms ES me Resolution Range 16 bits 0 24 uA bit wr j aw Accuracy z mm y me aw 0 1 FSR 25 C we awl 0 3 FSR 40 C 75 C wr aep Response Time 100 ms for all channels zm Over Current Protection 200 mA per channel me T mo Ub Isolation O to logic photocoupler isolation a mi 1 Channel to Channel I solation 2 5K VDC m Mas Operating Temperature 40 to 75 C IP O P a Tempe PE le sl i Power Consumption 30 mA 24 VDC typical s D JM 1 O Cable Wire AWG 14 2 0 mm x mm max BI i 909 B 2 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Module Specifications and Wiring 8 channel Analog Input Module 16 bit R
22. Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started I nstalling the RTU Controller on a DI N Rail ioPAC 8020 C Series The aluminum DIN rail attachment plate should already be fixed to the back panel of the ioPAC 8020 C when you take it out of the box If you need to reattach the DI N rail attachment plate to the ioPAC 8020 C make sure the spring loaded bracket is situated towards the bottom as shown in the following figures NOTE Users can purchase a wall mounting WK 75 kit separately STEP 1 If the spring loaded bracket is locked in place push the recessed button to release it Once it is released you should feel some resistance from the spring as you slide the bracket up and down a few millimeters in each direction Sprina Icaded bracket Recessed button 2 2 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Removing ioPAC 8020 C Series from the DI N Rail To remove the ioPAC 8020 C from the DI N rail use a screwdriver to push down the spring loaded bracket until it locks in place as shown in the diagram to the right Next rotate the bottom of the switch upwards and then remove the switch from the DI N rail ioLogik W5348 C Series STEP 1 Insert the top of the DIN rail into the slot just below the stiff metal spring DIN Rail STEP 2 The DIN rail attachment unit will snap into place as shown below DIN Rail To remove the ioLogik unit from the DI N rail simply reverse Steps 1 and 2 above Grou
23. ROM Use the following command to calculate the amount of Available flash memory gt df h E COM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 Y T100 mr root Moxa fetc network df h Filesystem Size Used Available Uset Mounted on org dev root 16 0M 6 7H 9 3M 42 RTS dev ram3 1003 OE 9 0K 943 0K 1 dev dev ram 499 OR 15 0K 459 0K 3 var dev mtdblock3 12 0M 628 0K 11 4M 5 tmp dev mtdblock3 12 0M 628 0K 11 4M 5 home dev mtdblock3 12 0M 628 0K 11 4M 5 fete mp fs 30 4M 0 30 4M 0 dev shm root Moxa fetc network If there isn t enough Available space for user s program users must delete some existing files To do this connect the host PC to the RTU controller with the console cable and then use the console utility to remove the none using files from the flash memory To check the amount of available space look at the directories in the read write directory dev mtdblock3 Note that the directories home and etc are both mounted on the directory dev mtdblock3 NOTE If the flash memory is full users must release some memory space before saving files to the Flash ROM Compiling Hello c The Software and Document CD contains an example Hello c program allowing users to run pilot tests to the RTU controller Type the following commands from the host PC to copy the files used for this example cd tmp mkdir example cp r mnt cdrom example hello tmp example To compile the program go to the
24. TU controller For 2 7 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started example users can set the host PC s IP address to 192 168 127 253 and netmask to 255 255 255 0 to meet the default settings of the RTU controller To start the telnet console launch the Windows Command prompt and use the following command cx CAWINDO WS system22VW md exe C W gt telnet 192 168 127 254 To log in type the Login name and password as requested The default values are both root Login root Password root cx Telnet 192 168 127 254 Moxa login root Password HHH Dill THEE I I HHH HHHHHH Hu Hs HHHH bid HHH tHE HHHH HH Hitt His Ha Ha Hit Hu Hitt Hit HHH Hu Hu Hitt 4 HHH HHH Ht HH HH HH HH HH Hu Li HHH uu Diii H un HHH d Hu Hu int dg HH H Hu Hu Hu HHH pod Did Did HA Li Hu Did Ht HHT HH dHHE Li Hitt Hitt Hu Hu Hu Hua itt Hu Hitt Hu Hu Li HEE Ht THEE Ho OM TH THEE EIEII EEE EEE For further information check http www moxa com root8Moxa ld m You can proceed with configuring the network settings of the target RTU controller when you reach the bash command shell Configuration instructions are given in the next section Users can perform the logout command to terminate the console ATTENTI ON Serial Console Reminder Remember to choose VT100 as the terminal type Use the cable CBL 4PI NDB9F 100 which comes with the RTU controller to connect to the serial console port Telnet Reminder When connecti
25. UTI NG To alter packets as they are about to be sent out Examples iptables P INPUT DROP iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables t nat P POSTROUTI NG ACCEPT In this example the policy accepts outgoing packets and denies incoming packets Append or Delete Rules Usage iptables t table Al LI NPUT OUTPUT FORWARD io interface p tcp udp icmp all s I P network sport ports d I P network dport ports j ACCEPT DROP A Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain Insert one or more rules in the selected chain as the given rule number i Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be received o Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be sent p The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check s Source address network name host name network IP address or plain IP address sport Source port number d Destination address dport Destination port number j Jump target Specifies the target of the rules i e how to handle matched packets For example ACCEPT the packet DROP the packet or LOG the packet Examples Example 1 Accept all packets from lo interface iptables A INPUT i lo j ACCEPT Example 2 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 1 iptables A INPUT i ethO p tcp s 192 168 0 1 j ACCEPT Example 3 Accept
26. about the memory map and programming refer to Chapter 6 Programmer s Guide 1 2 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers I ntroduction Journaling Flash File System J FFS2 The Root File System and User directory in the flash memory is formatted with the J ournaling Flash File System JFFS2 The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory This operation is transparent to users The Journaling Flash File System J FFS2 which was developed by Axis Communications in Sweden puts a file system directly on the flash instead of emulating a block device It is designed for use on flash ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash ROM chip JFFS2 implements wear leveling to extend the life of the flash disk and stores the flash directory structure in the RAM A log structured file system is maintained at all times The system is always consistent even if it encounters crashes or improper power downs and does not require fsck file system check on boot up JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS It provides improved wear leveling and garbage collection performance improved RAM footprint and response to system memory pressure improved concurrency and support for suspending flash erases marking of bad sectors with continued use of the remaining good sectors enhancing the write life of the devices native data compression inside the file system design and support for hard links ative data compressi
27. age Example smtpclient s test f sender company com S IP address receiver company com mail body message s The mail subject f Sender s mail address S SMTP server IP address The last mail address receiver company com is the receiver s e mail address mail body message is the mail content The last line of the body of the message should contain ONLY the period character You will need to add your hostname to the file etc hosts OpenVPN NOTE OpenVPN provides two types of tunnels for users to implement VPNS Routed IP Tunnels and Bridged Ethernet Tunnels To begin with make sure that the system has a virtual device dev net tun If not issue the following command 3 mknod dev net tun c 10 200 An Ethernet bridge is used to connect different Ethernet networks together The Ethernets are bundled into one bigger logical Ethernet Each Ethernet corresponds to one physical interface or port that is connected to the bridge On each OpenVPN machine you should generate a working directory such as etc openvpn where script files and key files reside Once established all operations will be performed in that directory Network interface definition may be different in in different product lines For ioLogik W5348 series ethO pppO WAN eth1 ethO LAN In the following examples the OpenVPN A and B represent two Moxa RTU controllers Note the network interface definition may be different in diffe
28. al Support Contact I nformation Moxa Americas Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Tel 1 714 528 6777 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Moxa Europe Tel 49 89 3 70 03 99 0 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 www moxa com su ort Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 86 21 5258 5505 Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Table of Contents 1 Ntro dUCtiON ici 1 1 OVSrVIGW tide sd tant ty aa daras iii 1 2 A EE ama DE EN vanae eratac ana Yan rer Sean or Naan irr da Maan haan A Mata an ae e adn a 1 2 J eurnaling FlashsElle Systemi JFES Leccion ama aca nata aa ua enna mead tea USO UR naaa Vrae sv doe 1 3 Software Package eset cte ea e d da date o di aaa tained 1 3 Available A 1 4 PARIS ss 1 4 0Lo0gikK W5348 Serles ti acacia aca vaca caga aa nen ene de a a a da an da da te ad la Race e nd 1 4 Product Specifications rea A A dde 1 5 2 Getting Started ococonononononocncncncncacacacanananannnnnnn nn aaa RA RA RA RAN RR RR GR GR GN GN RN GN GR RR aAa aa aaa aaa ARa Aaaa aaa AAAA AA aa 2 1 Installing the RTU Controller on a DIN Rail sssssssssesssesee memes ses sese se essen 2 2 NI RS 2 2 IOLOGIK W5348 C SET ES isdem a mi immune Susa dure Fen da sil Pu estu 2 3 Groudirg the RTU Controller tat rie ende ala re p d Se nu e a Wp Wan te SA NAG ape Mf ad 2 3 OPAC 0020 CES ui idea tem uno ma indis 2 4 iobogik W5348 Serles ii tori eee tots F
29. and compile your program in the development PC In the development PC run the utility program binencryptor to encrypt your program with an encryption key binencryptor yourProgram ABigKey Upload the encrypted program file to the target computerby FTP or NFS and test the program The encryption key is a computer wise key That is to say a computer has only one key installed Running the program setkey multiple times overrides the existing key To prove the effectiveness of this software protection mechanism prepare a target computer that has not been installed an encryption key or install a key different from that used to encrypt your program In any case the encrypted program fails immediately This mechanism also allows the computer with an encryption key to bypass programs that are not encrypted Therefore in the development phase you can develop your programs and test them in the target computer cleanly A System Commands Linux normal command utility collection File manager 1 cp 2 Is 3 In 4 mount 5 rm 6 chmod 7 chown 8 chgrp 9 sync 10 mv 11 pwd 12 df 13 mkdir 14 rmdir Editor l vi 2 cat 3 zcat 4 grep 5 cut 6 find 7 more 8 test 9 sleep 10 echo Network l ping 2 route 3 netstat copy file list file make symbolic link file mount and check file system delete file change file owner amp group amp user change file owner change file gro
30. ange directory to php Run install sh and select Install PHP Package root Moxa mnt ramdisk cd php root Moxa mnt ramdisk php install sh Press the number Install PHP package Uninstall PHP package Exit Start to install PHP Please wait Starting web server apache PHP install sucess root Moxa mnt ramdisk php Step 6 Open the page with the host PC s browser e g http 192 168 127 254 phpinfo php If you want to uninstall PHP follow step 2 to 5 and select the Uninstall option IPTABLES IPTABLES is an administrative tool for setting up maintaining and inspecting the RTU controller s IP packet filter rule tables Several different tables are defined with each table containing built in chains and user defined chains Each chain is a list of rules that apply to a specific type of packet Each rule specifies what to do with a matching packet A rule such as a jump to a user defined chain in the same table is called a target 4 5 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications The Moxa C programming RTU controller supports 3 types of IPTABLES table Filter tables NAT tables and Mangle tables A Filter Table includes three chains INPUT chain OUTPUT chain FORWARD chain B NAT Table includes three chains PREROUTING chain transfers the destination IP address DNAT POSTROUTI NG chain works after the routing process and before the Ethernet device process to transfe
31. ck on the following links for more information about ppp http tldp org HOWTO PPP HOWTO index html http axion physics ubc ca ppp linux html The pppd daemon is used to connect to a PPP server from a Linux system For detailed information about pppd see the man page 4 11 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Example 1 Connecting to a PPP Server over a Simple Dial up Connection The following command is used to connect to a PPP server by modem Use this command for old ppp servers that prompt for a login name and password Note that debug and default route 192 1 1 17 are optional pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT ogin username word password dev ttyMO 115200 debug crtscts modem defaultroute If the PPP server does not prompt for the username and password the command should be entered as follows Replace username with the correct username and replace password with the correct password pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT user username password dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem The pppd options are described below connect chat etc This option gives the command to contact the PPP server The chat program is used to dial a remote computer The entire command is enclosed in single quotes because pppd expects a one word argument for the connect option The options for chat are given below V verbose mode log what we do to sy
32. ding the RTU Controller The Moxa C programming RTU Controller is grounded to enhance EMS performance The RTU controller comes with a metal DI N Rail bracket for grounding the system For optimal EMS performance connect the chassis ground nut on the RTU controller to the grounding point 2 3 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started ioPAC 8020 C Series Grounding Nut o EN E Grounding Nut Powering on the RTU Controller Connect the 12 to 36 VDC power lines from the power supply to the Moxa C programming RTU controller s power terminal block and then power on the power supply attached to it It takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the system to boot up Once the system is ready the Ready LED will light up Power Terminal Block for ioLogik W5348 C Series Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started After connecting the RTU controller to the power supply it will take about 30 to 60 seconds for the operating system to boot up The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is ready ATTENTI ON This product is intended to be supplied by a Listed Power Unit with output marked LPS and rated for 12 to 36 VDC 1 2A minimum requirements LED Indicators ioPAC 8020 C Series Mark Function Description Power Power input OFF No system power available Green Power on Serial Serial communication activity OFF No serial co
33. e quotation marks is to use the file etc passwd to check the password The last star is to let any IP connect The following example does not check the username and password pppd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 PPPoE 1 Connect the RTU controller s LAN port to an ADSL modem with a cross over cable HUB or switch Log in to the RTU controller as the root user 3 Edit the file etc ppp chap secrets and add the following username hinet net password E COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 lol xj um Secrets for authentication using CHAP client server secret IP addresses PPPOE example if you want to use it you need to unmark it and modify it passvord usernamefhinet net following is INBOUND for every one nu username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 4 14 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications 4 10 Edit the file etc ppp pap secrets and add the following username hinet net password E COM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 Y T100 Bl xl INBOUND connections prs Every regular user can use PPP and has to use passwords from etc passud ars PPPOE user example if you want to use it ou need to unmark it and modify it weermaseshineroner 7 pasmosa 7 UserIDs
34. e the following command note that noipdefault is optional pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts If a username and password are required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional and both the username and password are root pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts How to Check the Connection Once a PPP connection is set up you can follow the steps to test the connection First type sbin ifconfig You should be able to see all the network interfaces that are UP Check pppO interface and you should recognize the first IP address as your own and the P t P address or point to point address the address of your server Here s what it looks like on the RTU controller lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Bcast 127 255 255 255 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 2000 Metric 1 RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 pppO Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 192 76 32 3 P t P 129 67 1 165 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNI NG MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 Now type ping z z z z where z z z z is the address of your name server The response may look like waddington p ping 129 67 1 165 PING 129 67 1 165 129 67 1 165 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 0 ttl 225 time
35. e upgrade E COM1 115200 None 8 1 Y T1 00 F nl xl m root Moxa mnt ramdiskf upgradehfm FUR ioPACS020 V1 0 Buildll072012 STD hfm ioPAC 8020 C upgrade firmware utility version 1 0 To check source firmware file context The source firmware file conext is OK This step will destory all your firmware Continue Y N Now upgrade the file kernel Format MTD device dev mtdl MTD device dev mtdl erase 128 Kibyte A 380000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 100 Now upgrade the file root file system Format MTD device dev mtd2 MTD device dev mtd2 erase 128 Kibyte 1000000 100 complete Wait to write file Completed 828 ATTENTI ON The upfirm utility will reboot your target RTU controller after the upgrade is done Loading Factory Defaults To load the factory default settings press and hold the RESET button for more than 5 seconds All files in the home amp etc directory will be removed Enabling and Disabling Daemons The following daemons are enabled when the RTU controller is boot up telnetd Telnet Server Client daemon inetd Internet Daemons ftpd FTP Server Client daemon sshd Secure Shell Server daemon httpd Apache WWW Server daemon 3 3 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers Perform the command ps ef to list all the running processes elo oxa d e OG oxa e 9 e PLD q a 6 ana ere el
36. em service or programs to the run levels cd etc rc d init d If there is a program tcps2 at home link it to the run level Hed etc rc d rc3 d In s home tcps2 S60tcps2 SXXRUNFI LE stands for S Starts the run file while linux boots up xx A number between 00 99 Smaller numbers have higher priority RUNFILE The file name 192 163 127 254 Pug Ly root Moxa ect rc d rc3 d ls Sl9nfs common S25nfs user server S99showreadyled S20snmpd S55ssh S24pcmcia S99rmnologin root Moxa ect rc d rc3 d ln s home tcps2 S60tcps2 root Moxa ect rc d rc3 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99rmnologin S20snmpd S55ssh S99showreadyled S24pcmcia S60tcps2 root Moxa etc re d rc3 d Remove the link by performing the following command rm f etc rc d rc3 d S60tcps2 3 5 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually The Moxa C programming RTU controller has two time settings One is the system time and the other is the RTC Real Time Clock time kept by the RTU controller s hardware Use the date command to query the current system time or set a new system time Use hwclock to query the current RTC time or set a new RTC time Use the following command to query the system time date Use the following command to query the RTC time hwclock Use the following command to set the system time date MMDDhhmmYYYY MM Month
37. envpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 up etc openvpn A tapO br sh A Start bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev brO Create a configuration file named B tapO br conf and an executable script file named B tapO br sh on OpenVPN B point to the peer remote 192 168 8 173 dev tapO secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 up etc openvpn B tapO br sh A Start bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev brO NOTE Select cipher and authentication algorithms by specifying cipher and auth To see with algorithms are available type openvpn show ciphers openvpn show auths 4 Start both of OpenVPN peers openvpn config A tapO br conf amp openvpn config B tapO br conf amp If you see the line Peer Connection Initiated with 192 168 8 173 5000 on each machine the connection between OpenVPN machines has been established successfully on UDP port 5000 5 On each OpenVPN machine check the routing table by typing the command route 4 21 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Destination Gate
38. er Requirements Input Voltage 12 to 36 VDC Power Consumption joPAC 8020 C CPU modules 4 40 V 24 VDC ioLogik W5348 HSDPA C series 4 90 W 24 VDC Physical Characteristics Housing Aluminum Mounting DI N Rail mounting Wall rack mounting with optional kit for ioPAC 8020 C Dimensions e joPAC 8020 5 C T CPU module 191 x 135 x 100 mm 7 52 x 5 31 x 3 94 in joPAC 8020 9 C T CPU module 292 x 135 x 100 mm 11 52 x 5 31 x 3 94 in e jioLogik W5348 HSDPA C 46 8 x 135 x 105mm 1 84 x 5 31 x 4 13 in 1 O Module Slots e joPAC 8020 5 C T 5 I O slots e joPAC 8020 9 C T 8 I O slots the 9th slot is reserved Note The 9th slot of the ioPAC 8020 9 series is reserved for future expansion All O modules can only be installed in slot 1 through slot 8 Environmental Limits Operating Temperature joPAC 8020 C T 40 to 75 C 40 to 167 F e jioLogik W5348 C 10 to 55 C 14 to 131 F ioLogik W5348 C T series 20 to 70 C 4 to 158 F Storage Temperature 40 to 85 C 40 to 185 F Ambient Relative Humidity 5 to 9596 non condensing Standards and Certifications Safety UL 508 Pending for ioLogik W5348 C series EMI FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A EN 55022 Class A 1 5 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers I ntroduction EMS I EC 61000 4 2 ESD Level 2 3 I EC 61000 4 3 RS Level 2 EFT Level 2 IEC 61000 4 5 Surge Level 3 IEC 61000 4 6 CS Level 2 IEC 61000 4 8 PM Level 1 IEC 610
39. erver DNS Web Service Apache Installing PHP for Apache Web Server IPTABLES naunan gt Observe and Erase Chain Rules gt Define Policy for Chain Rules gt Append or Delete Rules O NAT gt NAT Example gt Enabling NAT at Bootup O Dial up Service PPP O PPPoE O PPP over Cellular O NFS Network File System gt Setting up the RTU Controller as an NFS Client O Mail O OpenVPN Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Telnet FTP The Telnet and FTP Server service is enabled by default on the RTU controller To enable or disable the Telnet ftp server users need to edit the file etc inetd conf Enabling the Telnet FTP Server The following example shows the default content of the file etc inetd conf telnet stream tcp nowait root bin telnetd ftp stream tcp nowait root bin ftpd I Disabling the Telnet FTP Server Disable the daemon by typing in front of the first character of the row to comment out the line DNS To set up DNS client for the RTU controller users need to edit three configuration files etc hosts etc resolv conf and etc nsswitch conf etc hosts The hosts is the first file that the RTU controller system reads to resolve the host name of the remote IP address etc resolv conf The resolv conf contains the remote DNS server s address in it Ask the network administrator or service provider which DNS server address should be configured to this file
40. esolution coming soon M 3810 T 8 analog inputs 0 to 10 V 16 bits f Inputs per Module 8 channels differential us RM 3810 T L 1 O Voltage input Input Current Range 0 to 10 VDC 9 O 10V Input Impendence gt 10M ohms 2 JT Resolution Range 16 bits 0 15 uA bit Data Format 16 bit integer 2 s complement Accuracy 0 1 FSR 25 C 0 3 FSR 40 C 75 C Response Time 100 ms for all channels Over Current Protection 200 mA per channel Isolation O to logic photocoupler isolation Channel to Channel Isolation 2 5K VDC Operating Temperature 40 to 75 C Power Consumption 30 mA 24 VDC typical 1 O Cable Wire AWG 14 2 0 mm x mm max FERRER RERRRSE warwaaaauuu Jl uH EE RARAS EAS UI var wa wur PT e NOTE The 9th slot of the ioPAC 8020 9 series is reserved for future expansion All O modules may only be installed in slot 1 through slot 8 B 3
41. g Started System a Auto Search Searches for Moxa RTU controllers on the local network b Network Interface Selects a network interface to use the RTUAdmin c Auto Search Timeout Selects the preferred timeout value for broadcast search Sort a By Connection Sorts by the target Moxa RTU controller s IP address b By Server Sorts by the target Moxa RTU controller s model name Help Displays the software information of the RTUAdmin Quick Link Icon Function Auto Search s Sort by Connection Sort by Server d Navigation Panel Lists the current search result Main Window Displays the detailed information about the Moxa RTU controllers that are found Click on the specific product in the Navigation Panel the Main Window will connects to its telnet console automatically 2 MOXA RTUAdmin Fie System Sot Help ls a El Host 192 168 19 201 GA RTUAdmin JB 192 168 127 254 HHHHHH HHHHHHH HS HHH HHH HH Er HH BHH H HBHHHHHHHHH HEBRHE Sync Rate Status Indicates the period that RTUAdmin has been launched Status Bar Displays the current time 2 11 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Configuring the Ethernet I nterface The network settings of the Moxa C programming RTU controller can be modified with the serial console port or online over the network Modifying Network Settings via Serial Console Follow the in
42. he console of the RTU controller via SSH ssh 192 168 127 254 Select yes to complete the connection root bee_notebook root ssh 192 168 127 254 The authenticity of host 192 168 127 254 192 168 127 254 can t be established RSA key fingerprint is 8b ee ff 84 41 25 fc cd 2a f2 92 8f cb 1f 6b 2f Are you sure you want to continue connection yes no yes NOTE SSH provides better security compared to Telnet for accessing the RTU controller s console over the network RTUAdmin Utility The Moxa C programming RTU controller can be managed and configured over the Ethernet or Cellular network with RTUAdmin a Windows utility provided with Moxa RTU products RTUAdmin s graphical user interface gives you advanced search function to find a Moxa RTU controller in the local network and provide easy access to the telnet console Installing RTUAdmin Insert the Document and Software CD into the host computer In the Software utility RTUAdmin RTUAdminSetup directory of the CD locate and run SETUP EXE The installation program will guide you through the installation process and install the ioAdmin utility After the installation is finished run ioAdmin from the Windows Start menu 2 9 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Broadcast Search Select the model and click the Start Search button to proceed Auto Search for IO Servers Ext TC Search a range of addresses Start IPAddress 1
43. ing the firmware You can do so by using the df h command to list the size of each memory block and see how much free space is available in each block Follow the steps to transfer the firmware file to the RTU controller s RAM disk and to upgrade the firmware 1 Type the following commands to enable the RAM disk upramdisk cd mnt ramdisk Activate the PC s FTP server and put the firmware file to the FTP folder 3 In Moxa RTU Controller s console perform the following commands to use the built in FTP client to retrieve the firmware file xxxx hfm from the host PC to the RTU controller mnt ramdisk ftp remote FTP Server s I P gt Login Name xxxx Login Password xxxx ftp gt bin ftp gt get xxxx hfm 3 2 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers ne 8 1 Y T100 ma rootf Moxa upramdisk root Moxa f cd mnt ramdisk org root8Moxa mnt ramdiskf ftp 192 168 19 201 fats Connected to 192 168 19 201 220 TYPSoft FTP Server 1 10 ready ame 192 168 19 201 root root 331 Password required for root Password 230 User root logged in Remote system type is UNIX sing binary mode to transfer files ftp gt bin 200 Type set to I ftp gt get FUR ioPACS020 V1 0 Buildll072019 STD hfm 4 After the firmware file is transferred to the RAM disk perform upgradehfm command to upgrade the kernel and root file system upgradehfm xxxx hfm Press Y to complete th
44. ject file section sizes strings Prints strings of printable characters from files usually object files strip Removes symbols and sections from object files usually debugging information On Line Debugging with GDB The tool chain also provides an on line debugging mechanism to help you develop your program Before starting a debugging session add the option ggdb when you compile the program A debugging session runs on a client server architecture on which the server gdbserver is installed on the target system and the client ddd is installed on the host computer In the following instructions we assume that you have uploaded a program named hello debug to the target system and wish to debug this program 1 Log on to the target system and run the debugging server program gdbserver 192 168 4 142 2000 hello debug Process hello debug created pid 38 This tells the debugging server to listen for connections on network port 2000 of the network interface 192 168 4 142 of the target system The name of the program to be debugged is indicated after the network port Additional arguments can be added after the program name as needed In the host computer switch to the directory that contains the program source cd my work directory myfilesystem testprograms Execute the client program ddd debugger arm linux gdb hello debug amp Enter the following command at the GDB ddd command prompt gt gt target remote 192 168 4 14
45. l console is also effective for connecting the RTU controller when users do not know the target network settings and IP addresses To use the serial console remove the cover from the front and top panel first and attach the 4 pin serial console cable to the console port Console Port for the ioPAC 8020 C Series O MOXA EEN vO wO AG tg Power O J ab E Serial Console Port J3 FFF TF Console Port for the ioLogik W5348 C Series Serial Console Port Pin Assignment for the Serial Console Port No Pin Assignments 1 Tx 2 Rx 3 N A 4 GND Serial Console Baudrate 115200 bps Parity None Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Flow Control None Terminal VT100 To connect to the RTU s serial console Moxa PComm Terminal Emulator is recommended to be used as the console terminal In the following steps we describe how to connect the console STEP 1 Find the Moxa PComm Lite from the Moxa website www moxa com or Document and Software CD Software utility PCommY 2 6 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started STEP 2 Install the Moxa PComm Lite to the host Windows PC STEP 3 Run the PComm Lite Terminal Emulator from Start Programs PComm Lite Ver 1 x Terminal Emulator STEP 4 Click on Profile Open gaPComm Terminal Emulator Profile Port Manager Help 7 6 39 26 He Exit STEP 5 Specify the
46. ll search etc cron d crontab for crontab files which are named after accounts in etc passwd Cron wakes up every minute and checks each command to see if it should be run in that minute Modify the file etc cron d crontab to set up the scheduled applications Crontab files are in the following formats 3 7 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers mm h dom mon dow user command min hour date month week user command 0 59 0 23 1 31 1 12 0 6 0 is Sunday The following example demonstrates how to use Cron How to use Cron to update the system time and RTC time every day at 8 00 STEP1 Write a shell script named fixtime sh and save it to home bin sh ntpdate time nist gov hwclock systohc exit 0 STEP2 Change mode of fixtime sh 32 chmod 755 fixtime sh STEP3 Modify etc cron d crontab file to run fixtime sh at 8 00 every day Add the following line to the end of crontab 8 root homefixtime sh STEP4 Enable the cron daemon manually etc init d cron start STEP5 Enable Cron when the system boots up Add the following line in the file etc init d rc local etc init d cron start 3 8 4 Managing Communications In this chapter it explains how to configure the RTU controller s communication functions The following topics are covered in this chapter O Telnet FTP gt Enabling the Telnet FTP Server gt Disabling the Telnet FTP S
47. lowing fast seamless sharing of files across a network NFS allows users to develop applications for the Moxa C programming RTU controller without worrying about the amount of disk space that will be available The Moxa RTU controller supports NFS protocol for client NOTE Click on the following links for more information about NFS http www tldp org HOWTO NFS HOWTO index html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto client html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto server html Setting up the RTU Controller as an NFS Client The following procedure is used to mount a remote NFS Server 1 To know the NFS Server s shared directory 2 Establish a mount point on the NFS Client site 3 Mount the remote directory to a local directory mkdir p home nfs public mount t nfs NFS_Server IP directory mount point Example mount t nfs 192 168 127 100 home public home nfs public 4 16 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Mail NOTE smtpclient is a minimal SMTP client that takes an email message body and passes it on to an SMTP server It is suitable for applications that use email to send alert messages or important logs to a specific user Click on the following link for more information about smtpclient http www engelschall com sw smtpclient To send an email message use the smtpclient utility which uses SMTP protocol Type smtpclient help to see the help mess
48. m Step 5 Download the program to the target RTU controller using FTP or NFS Step 6 Debug the program gt If bugs are found return to Step 4 gt If no bugs are found continue with Step 7 Step 7 Back up the user directory distribute the program to additional Moxa RTU controller if needed Cross Compiler Installing the Tool Chain Linux The Linux Operating System must be pre installed in the host PC before installing the RTU controller s GNU Tool Chain Fedora Core or compatible versions are recommended The Tool Chain requires approximately 150 MB of hard disk space on your PC The RTU controller s Tool Chain software is located on the attached Document and Software CD To install the Tool Chain insert the CD into your PC and then issue the following commands 2 13 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom sh mnt cdrom Software toolchain arm linux 3 3 2 V1 X BuildXXXXXXXX sh The Tool Chain will be installed automatically on the host Linux PC within a few minutes Before compiling the program be sure to set the following path first since the Tool Chain files including the compiler link and library are located in this directory PATH usr local arm linux bin PATH Setting the path allows you to run the compiler from any directory Checking the Flash Memory Space If the flash memory is full you will not be able to save data to the Flash
49. mmunication Green Serial Tx Rx I O Tool chain API control Green Red Off Controlled by API Ready System status Green System ready System status Red System error System status Green Flashing System booting Tool chain API control Port1 2 Ethernet communication activity ioLogik W5348 C Series Green Red Off After booting up the API is able to control this LED Off Ethernet disconnected Green Flashing Ethernet Tx Rx Mark Function Description PWR Power input OFF No system power available Green Power on LINK Tool chain API control Green Off READY System status Green System ready Tool chain API control Off System boot up error Green Flashing System booting Green Off After booting up the API is able to control this LED DATA Serial communication activity OFF No serial communication Green Serial Tx Rx FAULT Tool chain API control Red Off SIGNAL Tool chain API control Green Off Connecting the RTU Controller to a PC There are three ways to connect the Moxa C programming RTU controller to a PC through the serial console Telnet SSH console or the RTUAdmin utility over the network Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Serial Console The serial console gives users a convenient way of connecting to the RTU controller This method is particularly useful when using the computer for the first time The seria
50. mpiling Applications On Line Debugging with GDB Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Tool Chains for Application Development Linux Tool Chain The Linux tool chain contains a suite of cross compilers and other tools as well as the libraries and header files that are necessary to compile your applications These tool chain components must be installed on a Linux based host computer PC The following Linux distributions can be used to install the tool chain Fedora Core 6 on x86 Mandrake 8 1 on x86 Red Hat 7 3 8 0 9 0 on x86 SuSE 7 3 on x86 e YellowDog 2 1 on PowerPC Solaris 7 and 8 on Sparc Debian 3 1 4 0 on x86 Ubuntu 9 04 see note NOTE Ubuntu users will need to prepare their system by entering the following commands apt get install libncurse5 dev mkdir mnt ramdisk Disregard the unexpected operator warning when installing the tool chain I nstalling the Linux Tool Chain The tool chain requires approximately 1 GB of hard disk space To install the tool chain follow the steps 1 Insert the Documentation and Software CD into your PC and then enter the following commands mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom sh mnt cdrom Software toolchain arm linux 3 3 2 V1 X BuildXXXXXXXX sh 2 Wait for the installation process to complete This should take a few minutes 3 Addthe directory usr local arm linux bin to your path You can do this in the current login by issui
51. netd Telnet server daemon 1 3 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers I ntroduction inetd TCP server manager program ftpd FTP server daemon apache Web server daemon sshd Secure shell server openvpn Virtual private network openssl Open SSL Linux Tool Chain Gcc V3 3 2 C C PC Cross Compiler GDB V5 3 Source Level Debug Server Glibc V2 2 5 POSIX standard C library Available Products ioPAC 8020 C Series NOTE ioPAC 8020 5 M12 C T ioPAC 8020 modular RTU controller with dual M12 Ethernet LAN ports and 5 I O slots C programming capability 40 to 75 C operating temperature ioPAC 8020 5 RJ 45 C T ioPAC 8020 modular RTU controller with dual RJ45 Ethernet LAN ports and 5 I O slots C programming capability 40 to 75 C operating temperature ioPAC 8020 9 M12 C T ioPAC 8020 modular RTU controller with dual M12 Ethernet LAN ports and 9 I O slots C programming capability 40 to 75 C operating temperature ioPAC 8020 9 RJ 45 C T ioPAC 8020 modular RTU controller with dual RJ 45 Ethernet LAN ports and 9 I O slots C programming capability 40 to 75 C operating temperature RM 1602 T ioPAC I O module with 16 digital inputs 24 VDC sink source type 40 to 75 C operating temperature RM 1050 T ioPAC I O module with 10 digital inputs 110 VDC 40 to 75 C operating temperature RM 2600 T ioPAC I O module with 16 digital outputs 24 VDC sink type 40 to 75 C operating temperat
52. ng the following commands export PATH usr local arm linux bin PATH Alternatively the same commands can be added to HOME bash profile to make it effective for all login sessions Compiling Applications To compile a simple C application use the cross compiler instead of the regular compiler arm linux gcc o example Wall g O2 example c arm linux strip s example arm linux gcc ggdb o example debug example c Most of the cross compiler tools are the same as their native compiler counterparts only with an additional prefix that specifies the target system The prefix is i386 linux for x86 environments and arm linux for MOXA RTU controllers For example gcc is the native C compiler whereas arm linux gcc is the cross C compiler for the ARM based ioLogik W5348 C ioPAC 8020 C series 5 2 Moxa C Pro grammable RTU Controllers Tool Chains for Application Development Moxa provides cross compiler tools for the following native compilers Simply add the arm linux prefix ar Manages archives static libraries as Assembler Espa QHPSF C compiler cpp C preprocessor gcc C compiler gdb Debugger Id Linker nm Lists symbols from object files objcopy Copies and translates object files objdump Displays information about object files ranlib Generates indexes to archives static libraries readelf Displays information about ELF files size Lists ob
53. ng a PC to the RTU controller over a LAN users must configure the PC s Ethernet IP address to be on the same subnet as the RTU controller For operating system that does not have telnet commands such as Windows 7 intall the RTUAdmin utility from the Document and Software CD to perform network access to the RTU Controller SSH Console The RTU controller supports an SSH console to provide users with better security options Windows Users Click on the link http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html to download PuTTY free software to set up an SSH console for the Moxa RTU in a Windows environment The following figure shows a simple example of the configuration that is required 2 8 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started amp PuTTY Configuration xj Category Basic options for your PuTTY session i n r Specify your connection by host name or IP address n Connection Host Name or IP address Port Proxy 192 168 127 254 22 Telnet Protocol Alogin C Raw Telnet C Rlogn SSH SSH Auth M Load save or delete a stored session Tunnels Saved Sessions Bugs Default Settings Load Save Delete Close window on exit C Always Never Only on clean exit About Cancel Click on Yes to accept the security key exchange from the RTU controller s SSH console Linux Users For a Linux based system users can use the ssh command to access t
54. nt oocomoncccononencanonencononencnnonencnnonenrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnanss 5 1 LINUX TOON CHAN cscs E U MM 5 2 Lrstalling the Linux Tool Challixz eta sas abet eee e e a bcd a 5 2 Compiling Ai 8 var n OR OH OQ GE EO GRE CR RA ON A OK UE KE P d P e ade nt mada 5 2 On Line Debugging With GDBi is tectae cac m n noA M acad iaia 5 3 Programmer s Guide cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeueeeeeeueeseueuseseueuseseeeusasaueusasaueususaueueasaueususauausasaueusaseueueeseueueeeas 6 1 ESA MEMO ii aldea dada da acab 6 2 EL Roe ia 6 2 ON 6 2 Software LOCK q 7 1 System COMMANdOS ococonnconococococacacararacacannnnnnnnnnn nn nan RA RA RR RR RR R GR rn rara GR RR rn Hg Hg nn Gg ggg 4 44444 suada dada duda A 1 Module Specifications and WiriNQ cocomonconononenconenencnnenennnnonenrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnrnrnnnnenenanananas B 1 1 Introduction The Moxa C programmable RTU controller is a system with 1 or 2 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports an internal SD socket 1 or 2 RS 232 422 485 serial ports built in or user selectable modular I Os and pre installed operating system depending on the specific model The Moxa C programmable RTU controller offers high performance communication capability and high storage capacity in one compact and rugged box It is the ideal solution for stand alone remote monitoring applications in hard to wire environments and applications that require a great deal of
55. o O qd 0 ere eve 0 ere elpe ere blo d 0 fere ele 4 ere pd OO pd ere aio 0 6 elo apdo 604 ore dblo d 609 ore e ardd 6 elo pcca d 6 ore gcd d 6 ore 00 le etd 679 OO 004 le p a d e apa e 68 e 80 le po ap 68 OO 6 e og 694 obod 0 e ere a d e apa e 69 obod 0 le lere a d e apa e 696 obod 0 b ere a d e apa e 69 obod 0 le lere a d e apa e 698 obod 0 b ere a d e apa e 0 elo e epo 8 4 ere 6 ba 6 ere 436 le e etd ore 80 ba 8 ere 628 R 8 e elo oxa e To run a private daemon users need to edit the file rc local as follows cd etc rc d vi rc local root Moxa cd etc rc d root Moxa etc rc d vi rc local 3 4 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers The following diagram shows how to edit the last line of the rc local to activate the complied example tcps2 release and run in the background T1924 169 LAS PETTY bin sh if f home autoexec sh then home autoexec sh fi Add the new daemons or programs starting from the next line home tcps2 release amp The enabled daemons will be available after rebooting the RTU controller An alternative is the autoexec sh located in the home directory to wake up and activate those daemons and programs By editing and updating it to the RTU controller system users will no longer need to modify the rc loca file Setting the Run Level Perform the following commands to add or delete the settings such as syst
56. of the target RTU controller and the supported software check the version numbers of your Moxa RTU controller s hardware kernel and user file system Contact Moxa to verify the hardware version You will need the Production S N Serial number which is labeled on the RTU controller s bottom To check the kernel version type kversion a E COM 1 115200 None 8 1 Y T100 ma rootf Moxa kversion a ioPAC 8020 C version 1 0 0 build 2011 7 20 19 org rootf Moxa RTS The kernel version number is for factory default configuration You may download the latest firmware version from Moxa s website and then upgrade the RTU controller s hardware Firmware Upgrade and Default Settings Upgrading the Firmware The Moxa RTU controller s kernel and root file system are combined into one firmware file which can be found in the Software and Document CD or be downloaded from Moxa s website www moxa com The name of the file has the form xxxx hfm To upgrade the firmware the firmware file should be placed in the target RTU controller s Ramdisu using SD card or FTP ATTENTION Upgrading the firmware will erase all data on the Flash ROM Firmware upgrade requires the RTU controller s RAM disk If the application data is stored in the RAM disk back up or remove the data before upgrading the firmware Since different Flash disks have different sizes it is recommended to check the size of the current Flash disk before upgrad
57. on inside the file system design and support for hard links The key features of JFFS2 are Targets the Flash ROM Directly e Robustness e Consistency across power failures No integrity scan fsck is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown Explicit wear leveling Transparent compression Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system this does not preclude the loss of data The file system will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable However if the system is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next boot but writes that have already been completed will not be affected Additional information about J FFS2 is available at http sources redhat com jffs2 jffs2 pdf http developer axis com softvvare jffs http www linux mtd infradead org Software Package Boot Loader Moxa Boot Loader v1 2 Kernel Linux 2 6 9 Protocol Stack ARP PPP CHAP PAP IPv4 ICMP TCP UDP DHCP FTP HTTP NTP NFS SMTP SSH 1 0 2 0 SSL Telnet PPPoE OpenVPN File System JFFS2 NFS Ext2 Ext3 VFAT FAT OS shell command Bash Busybox Linux normal command utility collection Utilities tinylogin Login and user manager utility telnet Telnet client program ftp FTP client program smtpclient Email utility scp Secure file transfer Client Program Daemons pppd Dial in out over serial port daemon tel
58. onnect tap device to the bridge bretl addif brO tap i null ip address of tap device ifconfig tap i 0 0 0 0 promisc up i expr i 1 if i ge maxtap then break fi done null ip address of internal interface ifconfig iface 0 0 0 0 promisc up enable bridge ip ifconfig bro 1 PADDR netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST ipf proc sys net ipv4 ip_ forward enable IP forwarding echo 1 gt ipf echo ip forwarding enabled to cat ipf stop echo shutdown openvpn bridge ifcfg_vpn i expr 0 while do disconnect tap device from the bridge bretl delif brO tap i openvpn rmtun dev tap i i expr i 1 if i ge maxtap then break fi done bretl delif brO iface bretl delbr brO ifconfig brO down ifconfig iface I PADDR netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST killall TERM openvpn case 1 in start start stop stop restart stop start echo Usage 0 start stop restart exit 1 esac 4 20 Managing Communications Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Run the shell command to start stop or restart the OpenVPN sh etc openvpn openvpn bridge start sh etc openvpn openvpn bridge stop sh etc openvpn openvpn bridge restart 3 Create a configuration file named A tapO br conf and an executable script file named A tapO br sh on OpenVPN A point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tapO secret etc op
59. ord Hello will be printed on the screen ello release To run the program automatically after system starts modify the rc local file at etc rc d as follows ES COM1 115200 None 8 1 Y T100 Dl x bin sh if f home autoexec sh then ETR home autoexec sh grs fi f Add the new daemons or programs starting from the next line epe Modify the home autoexec sh will also be OK E COM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 Y T100 Bl xj bin sh E org f This script will be executed in rc local ars echo Load user s script from home autoexec sh tup he11o release 2 15 3 Managing the RTU Controllers This chapter includes information for version control deployment updates and peripherals The information in this chapter will be useful when users need to run the same application on several Moxa RTU controllers The following topics are covered in this chapter O System Version Information O Firmware Upgrade and Default Settings gt Upgrading the Firmware Loading Factory Defaults O Enabling and Disabling Daemons a Setting the Run Level O Adjusting the System Time gt Setting the Time Manually gt Updating the Time with NTP Client gt Updating the Time Automatically O Executing Scheduled Commands with Cron Daemon Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing the RTU Controllers System Version I nformation NOTE To verify the hardware capability
60. pe wiring RM 1602 T 16 digital inputs 24 VDC sink source type Inputs per Module 16 channels sink source type On state Voltage 24 VDC nominal 10 VDC min OFF state Voltage 0 to 3 VDC 3 VDC max Input Impedance 3K ohms typical Common Type 16 channels 2 DI_COMs Response Time 100 ms Over Current Protection 200 mA per channel Isolation O to logic photocoupler isolation Operating Temperature 40 to 75 C Power Consumption 20 mA 24 VDC typical 1 O Cable Wire AWG 14 2 0 mm x mm max 10 channel 110 VDC Digital Input Module TETERA 33 vu e 1 e ai e 1 a4 f e RM 1050 T 10 digital inputs 110 VDC isolated Inputs per Module 10 channels 110 VDC channel to channel isolated On state Voltage 72 VDC nominal 50 VDC min to 175 VDC max Off state Voltage 0 to 15 VDC 15 VDC max Input I mpedance 120K ohms typical Common Type None Response Time 100 ms Over Current Protection 200 mA per channel Isolation O to logic photocoupler isolation Channel to Channel I solation 2 5K VDC Operating Temperature 40 to 75 C Power Consumption 24 mA 24 VDC typical I O Cable Wire AWG 14 2 0 mm x mm max Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Module Specifications and Wiring 16 channel Digital Output Module RM 2600 T 16 digital outputs 24 VDC sink type 0 2 A Outputs er Module 16 channels 24 VDC sink type h
61. r the source IP address SNAT OUTPUT chain produces local packets sub tables Source NAT SNAT changes the first source packet IP address Destination NAT DNAT changes the first destination packet IP address MAS QUERADE a special form for SNAT If one host can connect to Internet then other computers that connect to this host can connect to the Internet when the computer does not have an actual IP address REDI RECT a special form of DNAT that re sends packets to a local host independent of the destination IP address C Mangle Table includes two chains PREROUTING chain pre processes packets before the routing process OUTPUT chain processes packets after the routing process It has three extensions TTL MARK TOS 4 6 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy Incoming Packets Mangle Table PREROUTING Chain NAT Table PREROUTING Chain Local Host Other Host Packets Packets Mangle Table INPUT Chain Filter Table INPUT Chain Mangle Table FORWARD Chain Filter Table FORWARD Chain Local Mangle Table Process POSTROUTING Chain Mangle Table OUTPUT Chain NAT Table OUTPUT Chain Filter Table OUTPUT Chain NAT Table POSTROUTING Chain Outgoing Packets The Moxa C programming RTU controller supports the following sub modules Be sure to use the module tha
62. r 139 175 10 20 Use the following command to create a pppoe connection pppd etho The ethO is what is connected to the ADSL modem LAN port The example above uses LAN1 Type ifconfig pppO to check if the connection is OK or has failed If the connection is OK you will see information about the pppO setting for the IP address Use ping to test the IP If you want to disconnect it use the kill command to kill the pppd process PPP over Cellular It is recommend to use the callular API in the RTU controller s Toolchain however the pppd also supports cellular network with following examples Create a chat configuration cellular cmd at etc ppp peers 4 15 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications ABORT BUSY ABORT ERROR ABORT NO ANSWER ABORT NO CARRIER UU RT CPIN OK AT SCFG Radio Band 16 1 OK AT CGDCONT 1 IP internet OK ATDT 99 1 CONNECT Create a pppd configuration cellular connect at etc ppp peers dev ttyACMO 115200 defaultroute noipdefault usepeerdns crtscts lock noauth local debug logfile etc ppp cellular temp moxa ppp log lcp echo failure 4 lcp echo interval 65535 connect bin chat V t 10 f etc ppp peers cellular crmd Perform the command pppd call cellular connect NFS Network File System The Network File System NFS is used to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive al
63. rent product lines For ioLogik W5348 series ethO in the example will be pppO cellular WAN and the eth1 in the example will be the ethO LAN 4 17 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Setup 1 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets 1 Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram LANI 192 168 2 171 local net LANI 192 168 2 173 OpenVPNA LAN2 192 168 8 173 Internet LANI 192 168 8 174 LANI 192 168 4 172 Host A B represents one of the machines that belongs to OpenVPN A B The two remote subnets are configured for a different range of IP addresses When this setup is configured to a public network the external interfaces of the OpenVPN machines should be configured for static IPs or connect to another device such as a firewall or DSL box first LAN2 192 168 4 174 OpenVPN B local net openvpn genkey secret secrouter key Copy the file that is generated to the OpenVPN machine 2 Generate a script file named openvpn bridge on each OpenVPN machine This script reconfigures interface eth1 as IP less creates logical bridge s and TAP interfaces loads modules enables IP forwarding etc bin sh iface eth1 defines the internal interface maxtap expr 1 defines the number of tap devices I e of tunnels IPADDR NETMASK BROADCAST it is not a great idea but this system doe
64. slog Double quotes don t wait for a prompt but instead do note that you must add a space after the second quotation mark ATDT5551212 Dial the modem and then CONNECT Wait for an answer Send a return null text followed by the usual return login username word password Log in with the username and password Refer to the chat man page chat 8 for more information about the chat utility dev Specify the callout serial port 115200 The baudrate debug Log status in syslog crtscts Use hardware flow control between computer and modem at 115200 this is a must modem Indicates that this is a modem device pppd will hang up the phone before and after making the call 4 12 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications defaultroute Once the PPP link is established make it the default route if you have a PPP link to the Internet this is probably what you want 192 1 1 17 This is a degenerate case of a general option of the form x x x x y y y y Here x x x x is the local IP address and y y y y is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP connection If this option is not specified or if just one side is specified then x x x x defaults to the IP address associated with the local machine s hostname located in etc hosts and y y y y is determined by the remote machine Example 2 Connecting to a PPP Server over a Hard wired Link If a username and password are not required us
65. sn t support etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg eth1 ifcfg vpn 1 while read f1 f2 f3 f4 r3 do if f1 iface a f2 Siface a f3 inet a f4 static then ix expr 0 while do if i gt 5 then break fi i expr i 1 read f1 f2 case f1 in address IPADDR f2 4 18 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers netmask NETMASK f2 broadcast BROADCAST f2 esac done break fi done etc network interfaces get the ip address of the specified interface mname module_up ol FS 5 1 FS IFS FOUND no for LINE in Ismod do TOK echo LI NE cut d f1 if TOK Smname J then FOUND yes break fi done IFS ol FS if FOUND no then modprobe mname fi start ifcfg_vpn if d dev net then mkdir dev net fi if r dev net tun Y then create a device file if there is none mknod dev net tun c 10 200 fi load modules tun and bridge mname tun module_up mname bridge module_up create an ethernet bridge to connect tap devices internal interface brctl addbr bro bretl addif brO iface the bridge receives data from any port and forwards it to other ports i expr O while do generate a tapO interface on tun 4 19 Managing Communications Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers openvpn mktun dev tap i c
66. strating the IPTABLES syntax is divided into three categories Observe and erase chain rules Define policy rules and Append or delete rules Observe and Erase Chain Rules Usage iptables t tables L n t tables Table to manipulate default filter example nat or filter L chain List List all rules in selected chains If no chain is selected all chains are listed n Numeric output of addresses and ports iptables t tables FXZ F Flush the selected chain all the chains in the table if none is listed X Delete the specified user defined chain Z Set the packet and byte counters in all chains to zero Examples iptables L n In this example since we do not use the t parameter the system uses the default filter table Three chains are included INPUT OUTPUT and FORWARD INPUT chains are accepted automatically and all connections are accepted without being filtered iptables F iptables X iptables Z Define Policy for Chain Rules Usage iptables t tables P INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD PREROUTI NG OUTPUT POSTROUTI NG ACCEPT DROP P Set the policy for the chain to the given target INPUT For packets coming into the Moxa RTU OUTPUT For locally generated packets FORWARD For packets routed out through the Moxa RTU PREROUTING To alter packets as soon as they come in 4 8 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications POSTRO
67. structions given in the previous section to access the serial console of the target RTU controller and then type cd etc network to change directories EM COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 Type vi interfaces to edit the network configuration file with vi editor Users can configure the Ethernet ports of the RTU controller for static or dynamic DHCP IP addresses Static I P addresses As shown in the table below 4 network addresses must be modified address network netmask and broadcast The default IP address for LAN1 is 192 168 127 254 with default netmask of 255 255 255 0 E COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 ma embedded ethernet LANI iface ethO inet static address 192 168 127 254 network 192 168 127 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 127 255 Dynamic I P addresses By default the RTU controller is configured for static IP addresses To configure the LAN port to request an IP address dynamically replace static with dhcp and then delete the address network netmask and broadcast lines Default Setting for LAN1 Dynamic Setting using DHCP iface ethO inet static iface ethO inet dhcp address 192 168 127 254 network 192 168 127 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 127 255 After the LAN interface settings have been modified and saved perform the following command to activate the LAN settings immediately etc init d networking restart NOTE After changing the IP settings use
68. t matches the real application ip conntrack ipt MARK ipt ah ipt state ip conntrack ftp ipt MASQUERADE ipt esp ipt tcpmss ipt conntrack irc ipt MIRROT ipt length ipt tos ip nat ftp ipt REDIRECT ipt limit ipt ttl ip nat irc ipt REJECT ipt mac ipt unclean ip nat snmp basic ipt TCPMSS ipt mark ip queue ipt TOS ipt multiport ipt LOG ipt ULOG ipt owner NOTE The Moxa C programming RTU controller Do NOT support IPV6 and ipchains The basic syntax to enable and load an IPTABLES module is as follows Ismod modprobe ip tables modprobe iptable filter 4 7 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications NOTE Use the Ismod command to check if the ip tables module has already been loaded in the Moxa RTU unit Use the modprobe command to insert and enable the module Use the following command to load the modules iptable filter iptable mangle iptable nat modprobe iptable filter I PTABLES plays the role of packet filtering or NAT Be careful when setting up the IPTABLES rules If the rules are not correct remote hosts that are connected via a LAN or PPP may deny access It is strongly recommended to use the serial console to set up the IPTABLES Click on the following links for more information about iptables http www linuxguruz com iptables http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO packet filtering HOWTO html Since the IPTABLES command is very complex illu
69. that cannot use PPP at all Check your etc passud and add any other accounts that should not be able to use pppd quest hostname ew aster hostname ium root hostname n support hostname stats hostname 227 username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account Edit the file etc ppp options and add the following line plugin pppoe E COM1 115200 None 8 1 Y T100 Bl xl m f This wait period only applies if the connect or pty option is used fconnect delay lt n gt ETR ers Load the pppoe plugin plugin lib pppoe so End of File gt Add one of the two files etc ppp options ethO The choice depends on which LAN is connected to the ADSL modem If you use LAN1 to connect to the ADSL modem then add etc ppp options ethO The file context is shown below E COM1 115200 None 8 1 Y T100 el Pane usernaneGhinet net mtu 149 OTR bru 1492 defaultroute noipdefault Type your username the one you set in the etc ppp pap secrets and etc ppp chap secrets files after the name option You may add other options as desired Set up DNS If you are using DNS servers supplied by your ISP edit the file etc resolv conf by adding the following lines of code nameserver ip addr of first dns server nameserver ip addr of second dns server For example nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserve
70. the NTP client utility check the IP and DNS settings of the target RTU controller to make sure that an Internet connection is available Refer to Chapter 2 for instructions on how to configure the Ethernet interface and see Chapter 4 for DNS setting information Updating the Time Automatically In this section it shows how to use a shell script to update the time automatically How to update the system time periodically bin sh ntpdate time nist gov You can use the time server s ip address or domain name directly If you use domain name you must enable the domain client on the system by updating etc resolv conf file hwclock systohc sleep 100 Updates every 100 seconds The min time is 100 seconds Change 100 to a larger number to update RTC less often Save the shell script using any file name E g fixtime How to update the time automatically when the kernel boots up Copy the example shell script fixtime to directory etc init d and then perform the command chmod 755 fixtime to change the shell script mode Next use vi editor to edit the file etc inittab Add the following line to the bottom of the file ntp 2345 respawn etc init d fixtime Perform the command init q to re init the kernel Executing Scheduled Commands with Cron Daemon Start Cron from the directory etc rc d rc local It will return immediately without adding a amp to run in the background The Cron daemon wi
71. the networking restart command to activate the new IP address Users must modify the etc network interfaces to store the new settings Using commands such as ifconfig ethO 192 168 1 1 WILL NOT save the settings to the flash memory 2 12 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Getting Started Adding a Default Gateway Follow the instructions given in a previous section to access the serial console of the target Moxa RTU Controller and then type cd etc network to change directories 1 Type vi interfaces to edit the network configuration file with vi editor 2 Add the gateway IP to the last entry of the interface settings F COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 m f embedded ethernet LANL iface ethO inet static address 192 168 19 202 network 192 168 19 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 19 255 gateway 192 168 19 254 After the LAN interface settings have been modified and saved perform the following command to activate the LAN settings immediately etc init d networking restart Adding DNS Settings For details refer to Chapter 4 Managing Communications Developing Procedures In general program development involves the following seven steps Step 1 Connect the RTU controller to a Linux PC Step 2 Install Tool Chain GNU Cross Compiler amp glibc from the Document and Software CD Step 3 Set the cross compiler and glibc environment variables Step 4 Code and compile the progra
72. tu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 4 174 192 168 2 173 up etc openvpn B tun sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 4 23 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers Managing Communications Note that the parameter ifconfig defines the first argument as the local internal interface and the second argument as the internal interface at the remote peer Note that 5 is the argument that the OpenVPN program passes to the script file Its value is the second argument of ifconfig in the configuration file 3 Check the routing table after you run the OpenVPN programs by typing the command route Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 174 X 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 0 tunO 192 168 4 0 192 168 4 174 255 255 255 0 UG 0 0 0 tunO 192 168 2 0 x 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192 168 8 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 ethO 4 24 5 Tool Chains for Application Development In this chapter vve describe hovv to install a tool chain on the host computer to develop user applications In addition the process for performing cross platform development and debugging is also introduced For clarity the MOXA C Programming RTU controller is called a target system The follovving topics are covered in this chapter O Linux Tool Chain Installing the Linux Tool Chain Co
73. up sync file system let system file buffer be saved to hardware move file display now file directly list now file system space make new directory delete directory text editor dump file context compress or expand files search string on file get string on file find file where are there dump file by one page test file exist or not sleep seconds echo string ping to test network routing table manager display network status Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers System Commands 4 ifconfig set network ip address 5 tracerout trace route 6 tftp 7 telnet 8 ftp Process 1 kill kill process 2 ps display now running process Other 1 3dmesg dump kernel log message 2 sty to set serial port 3 zcat dump gz file context 4 mknod make device node 5 free display system memory usage 6 date print or set the system date and time 7 env run a program in a modified environment 8 clear clear the terminal screen 9 reboot reboot power off on the server 10 halt halt the server 11 du estimate file space usage 12 gzip gunzip compress or expand files 13 hostname show system s host name Moxa Special Utilities 1 2 3 4 kversion show kernel version cat etc version show user directory version upramdisk mount ramdisk downramdisk unmount ramdisk Module Specifications and Wiring 16 channel 24 VDC Digital Input Module O e E E 5 uan IN Source type wiring Sink ty
74. ure RM 3802 T coming soon ioPAC I O module with 8 analog inputs 4 to 20 mA 40 to 75 C operating temperature RM 3810 T coming soon ioPAC I O module with 8 analog inputs O to 10 V 40 to 75 C operating temperature The 9th slot of the ioPAC 8020 9 series is reserved for future expansion All I O modules may only be installed in slot 1 through slot 8 ioLogik W5348 C Series ioLogik W5348 HSDPA C HSDPA micro RTU controller with 4 Al s 8 DIOs 2 relay outs C programming capability 10 to 55 C operating temperature ioLogik W5348 HSDPA C T HSDPA micro RTU controller with 4Als 8 DIOs 2 relay outs C programming capability 20 to 70 C operating temperature 1 4 Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers I ntroduction Product Specifications Computer CPU ARM9 based CPU 32 bit 160 Mhz SDRAM Flash 64 MB 32 MB I O Scan Time 1 ms for ioLogik W5348 C series 10 ms for ioPAC 8020 C series Program Cycle Time 10 ms Ethernet I nterface LAN 1Ethernet or 2 auto sensing 10 100 Mbps switch ports M12 or RJ45 Ethernet Relay Function Hardware Normal Close for ioPAC 8020 C Serial I nterface Serial Port 1 RS 232 422 485 DB9 male Serial Port 2 RS 232 422 485 DB9 male ioLogik W5348 C only Serial Debug Port RS 232 4 pin connector Serial COMI Signals RS 232 TxD RxD DTR DSR RTS CTS DCD GND RS 422 TxD TxD RxD RxD GND RS 485 4w TxD TxD RxD RxD GND RS 485 2w Data Data GND Pow
75. user file system on the host PC or the target platform and copy it to the ioLogik W5348 C series or the ioPAC 8020 C series C Library The ioLogik W5348 C series and ioPAC 8020 C series both support control devices with Moxa APIs Users will need to include libmoxa_pgm h to use the following Moxa APIs APIs For details on APIs refer to Chapter 2 of Developer s Guide for Moxa RTU Controllers 6 2 7 Software Lock Software Lock is an innovative technology developed by Moxa It can be adopted by a system integrator or developer to protect his applications from being copied An application is compiled into a binary format bound to the embedded computer and the operating system OS that the application runs on As long as one obtains it from the computer he she can install it into the same hardware and the same operating system The add on value created by the developer is thus lost Moxa used data encryption to develop this protection mechanism for your applications The binary file associated with each of your applications needs to undergo an additional encryption process after you have developed it The process requires you to install an encryption key in the target computer 1 Choose an encryption key e g ABigKey and install it in the target computer by a pre utility program setkey setkey ABigKey NOTE set an empty string to clear the encryption key in the target computer by setkey Develop
76. way Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 bro 192 168 2 0 m 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 bro 192 168 8 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 ethO Interface eth1 is connected to the bridging interface brO to which device tapO also connects whereas the virtual device tun sits on top of tapO This ensures that all traffic from internal networks connected to interface eth1 that come to this bridge write to the TAP TUN device that the OpenVPN program monitors Once the OpenVPN program detects traffic on the virtual device it sends the traffic to its peer 6 To create an indirect connection to Host B from Host A you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev ethO To create an indirect connection to Host A from Host B you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev ethO Now ping Host B from Host A by typing ping 192 168 4 174 A successful ping indicates that you have created a VPN system that only allows authorized users from one internal network to access users at the remote site For this system all data is transmitted by UDP packets on port 5000 between OpenVPN peers 7 To shut down OpenVPN programs type the command killall TERM openvpn Setup 2 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on the Same Subnet 1 Set up four machines as shown in the following diagram LANI 192 168 2 171

Moxa C Programmable RTU Controllers User`s Manual

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