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Model 3450 - Troxler Electronic Laboratories

1. VE el a 96 kg m3 50 100 150 Depth mm 200 250 300 Figure 2 1 Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement 24 A TROXLER THIN LAYER The Model 3450 contains two sets of G M tubes for photon detection The set closest to the source rod is referred to as System I while the set farthest from the source rod is System 2 When the source rod is in the backscatter position the source and the detectors are on approximately the same plane Both System 1 and System 2 tube sets will primarily detect photons that have been scattered by the material as described in the Density theory of operation see page 2 2 However due to its greater distance from the source System 2 is more likely to detect scattered photons from deeper in the material than is System 1 The difference in the depth of material measured by each system the factory calibration and mathematical modeling allow the 3450 gauge to determine the density of the top layer of material NS I m e I lt le 7 le me m JI gt e 2 Model 3450 2 5 CALIBRATION Troxler calibrates the 3450 gauge at the factory The operating range of the gauge is from 1100 to 2700 kg m 70 to 170 pcf Troxler also calibrates the Model 3450 for thin layer measurements The thin layer factory calibration covers a thickness range of 2 5 to 10 cm 1 0 to 4 0 in OFFSETS The factory calibration pr
2. Safe Position Always use for storage Le Trigger M le ai ci n i e cN Backscatter Position Lab ooo ppp n a i 50 mm 2 in o t te gt o Source Rod gt Ja Index Rod 3 a Direct Transmission E Positions a a gt I TE ete i 300 mm 12 in or D OE 200 mm 8 in Figure 3 3 Source Rod Positions Maximum Depth of 300 mm in Increments of 50 mm Model 3450 3 5 DAILY INSPECTION The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features Refer to page A 10 for the daily inspection procedure 3 6 TROXLER TURNING THE GAUGE ON To turn on the gauge press the ON key The gauge will briefly display the model number and software version The software then performs two tests to ensure that the gauge is working properly First the software tests the display Second the gauge performs a self test After the self test the gauge displays the battery status as shown Charger OFF Ni Cad In Use Alkaline Ready Press ENTER The first line indicates if the charger is connected The next two lines show the status of the NiCad batteries and the alkaline batteries On these lines the gauge will display if either set of batteries is low or missing To view the battery voltage press the 1 key To continue press the ENTER key The gauge enters a warmup period During this period the gauge displays
3. UNITS In pcf 1 pcf 2 kg m3 3 g cm3 The gauge displays the current units on the first line Select the new units using the corresponding number key The gauge displays the new units then returns to the Gauge Setup menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key CUSTOMER NAME SPECIAL KEY The Model 3450 can store a customer name or other messages up to 20 characters To enter a customer name press 9 at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9 The Customer Name option requires the access code shown on page xi At the gauge prompt use the number keys to enter the access code The gauge displays the current customer name on the second line To change the customer name press the YES key Customer Name More Roads Const Do You Want To Change Name 3 18 A TROYLER To enable the alphabetic keys on the gauge use the SHIFT key When the alphabetic keys are enabled the cursor blinks The NO key acts as a character backspace Enter the new name and press the ENTER key The gauge stores the new customer name then returns to the Gauge Setup menu COUNT TIME The count time defines how long the gauge reads Longer count times produce better measurement precision Troxler recommends a count time of one minute for most sample measurements To change the count time press the TIME key Count Time 60 sec 1 15 Seconds 2 1 Minute 4 Minutes The gauge displays the current count
4. 1 on page 4 3 Perform the standard count again If the standard count still fails contact the nearest Troxler Service Center NO DENSITY READINGS Y The most likely reason for no density readings is an electronic problem such as a failure of the detector preamplifier However there is a remote possibility that the radioactive source could have become dislodged or lost Refer to the Source Rod Inspection section on page A 9 for instructions on inspecting the source rod Model 3450 Appendix C 9 GAUGE READINGS APPEAR ERRATIC Y If taking readings in the backscatter position ensure the source rod is properly locked in the notch and not resting on the test material Check the inside of the gauge for moisture To dry the gauge interior remove the keypad If necessary use a hair dryer on low heat to circulate warm air for one to three hours Remove any foreign objects from inside the gauge Ensure the hardware mounting screws are tight and in place Check count time a four minute count will give the highest precision with a repeatability of 1 pef on repeated tests performed without moving the gauge Erratic density readings may be caused by a dirty tungsten sliding block Clean the sliding block see page A 11 Perform a stat test gt If test passes proceed with job gt If test fails repeat two more times If test fails two out of three times contact the nearest Troxler Service Center GAUGE WILL N
5. 2 The orientation of the gauge in the transport case is as follows a Back of gauge to front of case b Bottom of gauge to right side of case c Top of gauge to left side of case 3 Dose rates measured by the State of North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Radiation Protection 4 Dose equivalent rates for 8 mCi Cs 137 and 40 mCi Am 241 Be 5 Surface indicates surface of the gauge or surface of the transport case Appendix A 20 TROYLER APPENDIX B 3450 SPECIFICATIONS This appendix contains gauge and measurement specifications for the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus CONTENTS Measurement Specifications oooonocnnocnnocononononcnonanonanancnan crac crnnccnnno B 2 Soil and Asphalt Modes 00 ee eeceesecsseceseceseceseeeseeeseeeeeeenaees B 2 Thin Layer Mode zee ci icete iia B 4 Radiological Specifications erernrnrvrronvronvrrnvnrnvnrnvnnnvenenrnrnenenseee B 5 Electrical Specifications sireno ia B 6 Mechanical Specifications oooocnnncnnoconocononononononanononano nan nrnacona conan B 8 Model 3450 Appendix B 1 w V D m Q a gt a e z 77 MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS SOIL AND ASPHALT MODES SI Units Density at 2000 kg m Direct Transmission 150 mm Precision kg m Composition error kg m Surface error 1 25 mm 100 Void kg m Backscatter Precision kg m Composition error kg m Surface error 1 25 mm 100 Void
6. If Core Has Been Removed 4 14 ATROXLER Figure 4 5 Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site Prepare the test site as described on page 4 8 for a backscatter measurement Place the gauge on the test area Press the START key Ready For Count 1 of x Place in BS Then Press START Lower the source rod to the backscatter position Release the trigger Gently tap down on the handle over the source rod to lock the source into position You should hear a click when the source rod locks into position Press the START key again when prompted The gauge displays a countdown NOTE Prior to countdown the gauge may display Please Wait for five seconds This occurs if the baseboard electronics require warmup prior to starting the measurement After the count time the gauge displays the density D and the density counts To continue press the ENTER key gt Cc 2 2 ep I m oO gt Cc e m Reposition the gauge and repeat the above procedure for each count Model 3450 4 15 Y After taking all the counts the gauge displays the measurement results MA xxxxx t D xxxxx pcf AVOIDS XXXXX where MA percent Marshall D density 1 D VOIDLESS displayed only when enabled VOIDS 100 x Press the STORE key to store the measurement To scroll through the results use the arrow keys Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key or press the START key t
7. Thin layer special calibration ooooonnnnccnnncccnononinoncconncnnnnccnnnenos 6 22 Erratic Ted ica C 10 C 3 ESC keetis usan blanda 3 3 European CONSIderatiONS ooooocococononoconaconoconncnnnnnnn conan ona crnnnrna conan G 1 Exposure limiting cite iii linda A 6 ExtractiomtoO luto 1 5 4 6 F Federal Highway Administration FHWA eee 5 6 5 10 Flashing red light tinto drenados cda 3 17 Format PrintOut raid li iii 3 13 Seal ata ia dass B 6 Time and d tev sn isis ii 3 12 E llistor nini ana aa 5 12 G GAMMA Sin A An atic B 5 A 4 Gaskets replatmng saseatdeikndeinassdr dende C 24 Gauge Setup Menu inc stedene eee 3 10 Temperatures slede least B 8 Geiger Mueller G M tubes rrarnnnnonnrnvonnnneenrvnrvrrvennrnsenneneensneenn 2 2 H Hall vante een C 8 Half v lue layer HVE cnica pi airseerktereresd des A 7 Hazmat tearm Sarri n sgcebetsseds shcesedy seredvetWuecacabhtecsdasbacactesaheds D 3 H lhum 3 detectorunsjdnssealvenssstadamskealvegsudttevsene 2 3 EN B 8 HyperTerminal program ssseeennvnerrrvennrreennrnsennnnevrsnennrssennensensnsenn H 2 Index 4 Troy ED a Inspection Dail yi oii cai ei hee A ae es 3 6 A 10 SOULCE TOD es temaene cia A 9 Uponrecept vuv2xvlasine damas eee 1 6 International Air Transport Association IATA ssreennvnvornvnennne D 1 International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA D 1 K K value moisture offset ooooononoccccnonocococononnncnonannnonnnnnnnonno 6 4 6 8
8. gt e zZ 7p MEASURING THE DENSITY Press 1 to select Measure Density Prepare the test site as described on page 4 6 Place the gauge on the test site and position the source rod in the desired measurement position NOTE When using destructive methods such as drilling cores or sample removal for true density measurement take gauge readings before removing samples Position the gauge over the designated test site as in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site Model 3450 6 13 The gauge displays SPECIAL CALIB Depth xxx in Time 4 min Press START Begin the measurement by pressing the START key The gauge displays the progress Then it displays the reading Press the ENTER key Special Calibration 1 Input True Density 2 Store Partial Calibration To enter the true density now press 1 and follow the gauge prompts to complete the calibration To enter the true density later create a partial calibration by pressing 2 ENTERING TRUE DENSITY If the measured density has been stored as a partial calibration return to Special Calibration menu as described on page 6 11 The gauge requests the true density Input True Density xxxx kg m3 Press ENTER Use the number keys to enter the true density Press the ENTER key COMPLETING SPECIAL CALIBRATION After storing the measured density and true density enter the desired Special Calibration name
9. 6 14 A TROYLER Edit a Partial Special Calibration If a partial calibration was saved earlier the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before Select the value to be completed If the value already entered is selected the gauge prompts the operator to overwrite To overwrite the partial calibration press the YES key and go to page 6 13 Create a Special Calibration To use the stored partial calibration press the NO key and select the other value To take measurements see page 6 13 To enter the true density see page 6 14 Erase Special Calibrations At the Special Calibration menu page 6 11 press 5 The gauge displays the Erase Special Calibration menu 2 e 7 72 m wn go e gt Ww JI gt e 2 7p Your Special Calib This Sp Cal ALL Sp Cal From the Erase Special Calibration menu the operator can erase either a single special calibration or all special calibrations To erase a single special calibration use the arrow keys to scroll through the special calibrations names displayed on the first line When the gauge displays the special calibration to be erased press 1 At the Are you sure display press the YES key The gauge erases the special calibration and returns to the Ready screen To erase all special calibrations press 2 at the Erase Special Calibrations menu At the Are you sure display press the YES key The gauge erases all the
10. ASPHALT MODE To measure the density of asphalt and hardened concrete of 4 inches or more follow the steps below Y Y Select the Asphalt mode see page 3 23 If desired enter or enable the Marshall value voidless density value or Marshall value voidless density pair see page 3 19 Prepare the test site as described on page 4 8 Place the gauge on the test area Lower the source rod to the backscatter position Release the trigger Gently tap on the handle over the source rod to lock the source rod into position You should hear a click when the source rod locks into position Press the START key In the Manual depth mode see page 3 14 the gauge will prompt for the source rod depth Enter the source rod depth using the number keys For example with the source rod in the backscatter position press 0 Then press ENTER In the Automatic depth mode the gauge software reads the depth strip on the source rod to determine the source rod depth The gauge will display the time remaining while taking a measurement NOTE Prior to countdown the gauge may display Please Wait for five seconds This occurs if the baseboard electronics require warmup prior to starting the measurement 4 12 ATROXLER Y After the count time the gauge displays the measurement results A xxxxx T D xxxxx pcf AVOIDS XXXXX where MA percent Marshall WD wet density 1 WD VOIDLESS displayed only when en
11. DSR pin 6 DSR pin 6 DTR pin 4 RTS pin 7 eesse CTS pin 8 CTS pin 8 eee RTS pin 7 Gnd pin 5 Gnd pin 5 3450 to Weigh Tronix Printer Cable 9 pin FEMALE 25 pin MALE TXD pin 3 eee RXD pin 2 CTS pin 8 wee CTS pin 5 GND pin 5 eee GND pin 7 DSR pin 6 oe DTR pin 4 0 w mn D m Q a gt a e z 77 Model 3450 Appendix B 7 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Gauge Size w handle Shipping Case Size Weight Shipping Weight Operating Temperature Ambient Max Test Material Surface Temperature Storage Temperature Humidity 12 inch rod 604 H x 411 L x 229 W mm 23 8 H x 16 2 L x 9 0 W in 8 inch rod 503 H x 411 L x 229 W mm 19 8 H x 16 2 L x 9 0 W in 782 H x 353 Lx 455 W mm 30 8 H x 13 9L x 17 9 W in 17 kg 37 5 Ib 43 kg 96 0 lb 0 to 70 C 32 to 158 F 175 C 347 F for 15 minutes 55 to 85 C 67 to 185 F 98 noncondensing CAUTION This instrument contains sensitive electronic and nuclear components This instrument must not be subjected to stress abuse or use other than in accordance with the standard operating procedures listed in this manual Appendix B 8 AXTROYLER APPENDIX C TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE This appendix provides details for troubleshooting and servicing the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus For further details call the nearest Troxler Service Center or representative CONTENTS Stat
12. HyperTerminal window by selecting Exit from the File menu EQUIPMENT CONNECTION Connect the gauge to the computer using the appropriate serial cable see the list of Accessories on page C 29 Connect the gauge s serial port see Figure 3 1 on page 3 2 to the computer COM port selected in step 4 of the HyperTerminal Setup section on the previous page PRINTING UPLOADING PROJECT DATA To print upload project data from the gauge to the computer 1 On the computer click on the Start button then select the Programs menu and the Accessories folder In Windows 95 select the HyperTerminal icon In Windows 98 and later versions select the Communications subfolder then select the HyperTerminal icon 2 From the HyperTerminal window double click on the Troxler Data HyperTerminal icon where Troxler Data is the icon name entered in the HyperTerminal Setup section on the previous page The Troxler Data HyperTerminal window is displayed Model 3450 Appendix H 3 x V ES a Z ep V I O a m O pull gt 4 gt From the toolbar click Transfer then select Capture Text from the dropdown menu The Capture Text window is displayed showing a default folder and filename to be used to store the data Troxler recommends using the default settings when first using the program After selecting a filename click Start to enable data capture On the gauge select the project data to be printed uploa
13. Keypad iii e i E A rA E E 3 3 B 6 L Eeak t st ii A A EA a C 25 A 13 Date isen keisere C 25 A NN C 26 Licens NS sanse arsen 1 3 A 15 EIGHT Kevin cocino 34 3 15 Liquid crystal display LCD rorrronoronvronvvrnvrnnvvnvnvnvnvevnene 3 15 B 6 Lubricating SOUrCE rodis drac e ta eia C 23 M Manual Depth Modes cc cintia 3 14 Display Dackli8ht oomionian rear bie ratas 3 15 Marshall Value ati ae ette 3 19 Measurement Mode Links 3 23 Specifieations unnsuapesedhnnesten EE NETES Eiaa B 2 Memory specificatlONS ooonoccnococonnconnnonncnnnnnnnanannrnn conocio nn nono oste B 6 Microsoft BxCelnunia id diia H 5 Notepad iii ana i n ce H 5 Windowsiin neaei aE dinate seein Eas H 1 World uc ds H 5 Model 3450 Index 5 Mode Asphalt 3 23 4 12 BackSCatter snini eas eenaa a raaa ricota ivi 2 2 Concrete Larnaka ae E ET 4 12 Depa overeat Sivan darkness 3 14 Direct transmission orenrnnrnrrrrrrornennnnrnrnensrernennnnrnnnenssesnennnnnnnn 2 2 Measurement uante 3 23 E 3 17 A A TO 3 23 4 10 A cite bist heh tetas 3 23 4 14 MODE keria alardes linde 3 3 INI OIS TUL SAE E dettan dido ole RS 2 3 4 10 OPPSE Ur cick ees oss are 2 6 6 2 64 Monitoring personnel cccecccecesceseteceececeeeeeceeeeenaeceeaeeeeeeeees A 8 N Neutrons en nea E 2 3 B 5 A 4 NiCad Batteries onde tradere Aden C 19 NiCad battery pack aoeeoe ieii iii eei iE C 21 C 19 NO Key EEE E det pccunii 3 4 Number AVELAL ES cion dre 3 26 NumMeric KEY
14. To edit a Proctor Marshall or voidless density value press the number key that matches the number beside the target value display For example to edit the Proctor value press 1 The gauge displays the Target Value menu The Target Value menu for the Proctor value is Proctor Value 1 XXXX 2 XXXX 3 XXXX 4 XXXX 5 New 6 Disable The Target Value menu shows the four stored target values and the New and Disable options 3 20 AXTROYLER ENABLE A DISPLAYED VALUE To enable a displayed target value press the number key that matches the number beside the target value on the Target Value menu The gauge will enable the target value and return to the Target Value menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key STORE A NEW VALUE To store a new target value press 5 New at the Target Value menu At the prompt use the number keys to enter the target value Press the ENTER key The gauge displays the value entered and asks if the operator wants to store the value To store the value press the YES key Pressing the NO key allows the operator to use the value now without storing it for later use If the operator presses the YES key the gauge can store the value in one of four memory cells Storing a new value in a cell erases the old value At the Select memory cell prompt use the number keys to store the value This will replace any stored values that were previously associated with the memory cell
15. be required to notify the USDOT of accidents during transport gt DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e DI lt 11 Before shipping a damaged gauge to Troxler obtain an RGA Returned Goods Authorization number from the Troxler Customer Service Department as described in the Returning the Gauge for Service section on page C 30 Model 3450 Appendix A 17 GAUGE USE PRECAUTIONS The following precautions should be observed when transporting storing maintaining or operating the gauge 4 Never touch the unshielded tip of the source rod with your bare hands The dose rates on contact with the source rod tip can result in exposures exceeding the annual dose limits to the skin of the extremities within a short time period about 1 hour When not taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE shielded position For added user safety the source rod automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle If you do not hear a click when the gauge is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding block the sliding block and fixed tungsten block may require cleaning Refer to Appendix C for cleaning instructions Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may cause excessive
16. gauge Refer to page A 11 for instructions on cleaning the sliding and fixed blocks NOTE The bottom edge of the tungsten sliding block is beveled as shown in Figure A 3 on page A 12 As a result there may appear to be a slight opening when the sliding block is closed However you should hear a click as the sliding block snaps shut when the source rod is raised to the SAFE position A WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is closed Increased radiation levels may cause excessive personnel radiation exposure and may violate transportation regulations Y Ifaradiation survey instrument is available verify that the radioactive gamma source is in place by measuring the exposure rate at the surface of the gauge The exposure rate should be approximately 10 20 mrem per hour A reading of about 1 mrem or less indicates either that the survey instrument is not working properly or that the cesium 137 source may be missing Refer to the Troubleshooting section on page C 9 for further instructions Appendix A 10 AXTROYLER CLEANING THE TUNGSTEN BLOCKS If the tungsten sliding block and the fixed tungsten block are not kept clean the sliding block may stick partially or completely open when the source rod is raised to the SAFE shielded position This will result in high radiation levels near or in line with the source rod opening on the bottom of the gauge After cleaning and reassembling the gauge as
17. rnan nnana aT ea ER 5 9 Storing Dita lili llei 5 10 Store Dita ce ets esses eel eee a a 5 10 Edit Project Notes cocido iii ee 5 11 FullStor unssancdesitynsstennlestenasttni 5 12 Model 3450 5 1 SEPARATING THE CONTROL UNIT CAUTION EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Do not separate the control unit from the base Doing so will result in non compliance with EMC directive Call your Troxler representative for additional information The control unit of the Model 3450 can be separated easily from the gauge This enables the user to perform gauge setup review data or status information and upload or print projects while the nuclear sources are safely stored elsewhere The control unit is located on the top of the gauge and includes the keypad and the display Before removing the control unit turn the gauge off and disconnect the charger from the rear of the gauge CAUTION Turn the gauge off before disconnecting the control unit Unexpected operation or board failure may result if the control unit is disconnected while turned on NOTE When working with multiple gauges note which control unit goes to which gauge Because gauge calibration constants are stored in the control unit each control unit must be returned to the gauge from which it was removed Remove the control unit by loosening the four screws located in the corners of the keypad Lift the control unit and place it to the right side of the gauge Disconnect the ri
18. use the arrow keys to scroll to choose QA Sampling The gauge displays the QA Sampling menu QA Sampling 1 Set Up Locations 2 View 3 Print Press ESC to Exit Use the corresponding number key to select a menu option 3 24 AXTROYLER Set Up QA Sample Locations To set up the QA sampling mode press 1 Set Up Locations at the QA Sampling menu QA Sampling Enter Average Sample Separation XXXX Press ENTER Enter the average sample separation up to 1000 QA test strip length divided by the number of samples to be taken Then press the ENTER key QA Sampling Enter Total Number of Samples xxx Press ENTER Enter the total number of samples up to 100 using the number keys Then press the ENTER key The gauge stores the setup and returns to the QA Sampling menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key View QA Sample Locations ep m 3 Z Q wn gt DI m o To view the current QA sample positions press 2 View at the QA Sampling menu QA Sampling Sample Position 1 XXXX 2 XXXX To scroll through the current QA sample positions use the arrow keys To return to the Ready screen press the ESC key Model 3450 3 25 Print QA Sample Locations For details on printer setup see page 3 13 To print the current QA sample positions press 3 at the QA Sampling menu The gauge displays Printing Positions After printing the QA sample locations t
19. 3450 Appendix H 5 NOTES Appendix H 6 A TROYLER A AC ehargerunasni nesen erat RE estes E 1 5 ACCESS CODE silden diria tias leete xi ACCESO ennnen GG a a ds 1 4 C 29 Accident notifications sissisota E i ai D 3 AN CCULACY A EA T 2 6 4 2 Adapters Goresen En a at Cas 1 5 AI VOLDS cited titi 3 27 Alkaline batteries oononcncnnccnonononnononocccnnnonannoninocccnononnns C 20 C 19 Alpha partici ni af A4 American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM standards 1 2 Americium 241 beryllium Am 241 Be reonnvnrorrrrrnrrnvrnrvnernsee 2 3 ATOW KEY Sinister aaa dd 34 Asphalt Mode S tup usuini Gan ib 3 23 Mode specifications ssrnoonnnnrvrrvennrrvennrneennnnerrresnnrnsennrnsenseseerseee B 2 Site pr paration iii once 4 8 Taking measurements nesecita einioes 4 12 Atomic structure tin da cds A 2 Automatic Depth Mode civil ia 3 14 Shutdown cis alien Wht Ane ie B 6 B Backlight nena e anh aie 3 15 Backscatter position rrronvronvrrnvvrnvvnnnvnvnvnvnrarvraserasensssnsesnne 2 2 3 5 Battery arrene east and C 18 Charoen mar bet steile naples C 20 C 14 B 6 Replace alkaline omic rasa C 20 Replace NiCad sr spp iia tido tiras C 21 SJ A a a E E Eai B 6 StatuSius adressere onan hitess the senaweuaeartichecmnaneste 3 17 C 19 Ba d Tate at lee Mee Ii 3 13 Beper levele epentesia E EEE aei 3 15 Beta particles ir dale A 4 Model 3450 Index 1 Cable pinouts uran ren skinke B 7 Ca libr tronnasaagedn vamser ia 2
20. 3450 Illustration ssesvrorvrrrorrronrnsnvrrnvnrnvennnee 3 2 Model 3450 Keypad eee esseessecsseceseceteceseeeeeenes 3 4 Source Rod Positions ooooonoccnooccooccnoncnnncnncnnnoconacnacns 3 5 Standard Count Position eee ceseeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 4 3 Drill Rod Assembly noscere ieirik 4 7 Marking the Test Area esrnrennrnvenrvnerrrvrnrrrvenneneensene 4 7 Gauge Positioned Around a Core Site 4 14 Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site 4 15 Gauge Positioned Over Designated Test Site 6 13 Taking Measurements Around a Core Site 6 17 Diagram of an Atom rreeonravonnrnvenrnnerrrvennrseennenernsee A 2 Effect of Distance on Exposure A 7 Cleaning the Sliding and Fixed Blocks A 12 Performing a Leak Test A 14 Model 3450 Gauge and Transport Case A 19 Replacing NiCad Battery Pack C 21 Display Contrast Adjustment enrorvrnrvrnrvrnrvnrvvvrvnr C 27 Model 3450 ix Table 3 1 A 1 LIST OF TABLES Title Page Model 3450 Keypad Functions 3 3 Radiation Profile for Model 3450 Gauge A 20 ATTENTION 3450 GAUGE OWNER This unit contains functions that require an ACCESS CODE This code must be entered before these functions may be used The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is 4698 This page should be removed if the access code is not to be distributed to other parties or users of this gauge Model 3450 xl xii NOTES A TROYL
21. 3450 provides a sleep mode If a key is not pressed within a set timeout the gauge turns the display off This is the sleep mode When the gauge sleeps it does not forget its previous state or lose data In the sleep mode the red light beside the display flashes When the gauge is taking counts the red light on the right of the display flashes more rapidly until the count is complete NOTE Increasing or disabling the display time out reduces the battery life The display timeout is the time the gauge waits between keystrokes before it enters sleep mode The default display timeout is 30 seconds To change the display timeout press 6 Display Timeout at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9 Set Display Time Out l 15 S66 Gr ONES CIC 3 1 Min 4 5 Min 5 Continuous On To select the timeout use the corresponding number key The gauge saves the display time out and returns to the Gauge Setup menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key ep m 3 zZ e wn gt DI md m o BATTERY STATUS SPECIAL KEY The Battery Status option displays the status of the charger and the voltage of the NiCad and alkaline batteries For more information see the Battery Status section on page C 19 Model 3450 3 17 SET UNITS SPECIAL KEY The Model 3450 can display measurement results in either metric SD or U S units To set the units press 8 Set Units at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9
22. 4 Transportation Canadian requirements oooconcccnocnnoccnonnnonnonnnonnnonononnncrnnanonacnnacnns D 4 UNS reguirements neose tacts ae i aa ascent ates D 2 Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations TDG suicidas 1 3 D4 Trenchoffset nu atiusdilkutuitsssitretuebihesetuinet 2 6 6 2 6 9 Troubleshootngs vsnnsuetutntn fue Seeds eide ns be iaa C 9 Tungsten blocks cleaning rorrrrronnrnvonnvneerrnrrrrvsnnrnvenneneenrenennne A 11 U U S shipping requirement oooocccoccnonnconnnonnnonnnonnnonnncnnncnnncnnnacnnccnns D 2 Unit CONVETSION ota airis dia F 1 Units measurement ju vs srdeerek cacesnadcadsdesvenesenenoosssees oben vabanaednarencten 3 18 Unpacking asta hind cnt a lene eek eee 1 6 Upload DTP CLES aa HG RR C 7 Project d td usikker uleste intens 5 7 aldo ea ae eel a ee eee C4 Upload project datas cc dates H 3 Vv Vertical structure offset rrrrrvrrnnnnnnnnvnnrrrnrnnnnnnnnnvnneee 2 6 6 2 6 9 View project d t ass ee A ae 5 7 VOID PAULO A en 3 27 Voidless density Value oiriin nni a ns 3 19 W Warmup eiua IS 3 7 Wet Gensity Offset A AN 2 6 6 2 6 3 Y A ESKE alt ge nay Sikes eee es 34 Model 3450 Index 1 1 NOTES Index 12 A TROYLER NOTES ALNVYHYVM Model 3450 Warranty 1 NITTI TT TETTE TETTE EE US SS SNS ASS ASADAS TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES INC LIMITED WARRANTY TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES INC and subsidiary TROXLER INTERNATIONAL LTD hereinafter referr
23. Density DS2 fm EE Appendix E 4 AXTROYLER STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 E Model 3450 Appendix E 5 m n ude gt Z o gt JJ o Q O os Fr O Q STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 fm EE Appendix E 6 TROXLER STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 E FE Model 3450 Appendix E 7 m n ude gt Z o gt JJ o Q O os Fr O Q STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 fm EE Appendix E 8 TROXLER APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION The Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus can display measurement results in either SI metric units or English units Also HM 181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies Ci to the SI unit of becquerel Bq This requires the shipper to convert the activity on the Bill of Lading from curies to becquerels GBq Until everyone is accustomed to the SI units it is permitted to follow the SI units with the English units in parentheses to clarify the description for example 1 48 GBq 40 mCi To help our users convert from English units to SI units the table in this appendix provides SI conversion
24. Gauge Warm Up g la m a zZ O wn gt Please wait 3 par m U Following the warmup period the gauges displays the Ready screen READY ASPH Mode Depth STD 10 21 am Tim 60sec 02 28 2001 PR Your Project Model 3450 3 7 The operator can access any gauge function from the Ready screen The Ready screen displays the measurement mode on the first line The second line shows the source rod depth and date The third line shows the count time and time of day The last line shows the current project if any NOTE If the gauge display is difficult to read in bright light adjust the contrast as described in the Display Contrast section on page C 27 To conserve power the Model 3450 gauge provides a sleep mode see page 3 17 In sleep mode the display and most of the electronics are turned off If the gauge is not in use for a period of time it will enter sleep mode All data and settings are protected To turn the display on when in sleep mode press any key other than the ON or OFF keys Before taking measurements read this manual carefully If you do not completely understand the sections that cover radiation safety contact your company radiation safety officer RSO or the nearest Troxler representative 3 8 AXTROYLER SETUP After turning the gauge on for the first time set up the software The gauge stores the software setup so the operator does not need to enter a new setup each time
25. OFFSET The moisture offset k is determined by comparing the moisture of a laboratory sample with the gauge moisture reading With the Model 3450 the operator can either allow the gauge to derive the moisture offset or enter the moisture offset manually To select a stored moisture offset or to allow the gauge to derive the moisture offset see below To manually enter the moisture offset refer to page 6 8 Select a Stored Moisture Offset To select a moisture offset already stored in the gauge access the Offset menu by pressing OFFSET Access the Moisture Offset menu by pressing 2 Select the Change Offset menu by pressing 3 Moisture Offset 1 Stored Offset 2 Gauge Derived 3 Keypad Entry Press 1 Stored Offset The gauge displays the stored moisture offsets Use the number keys to select a moisture offset The gauge enables the moisture offset and returns to the Ready screen 64 A TROYLER Gauge Derived Moisture Offset To allow the gauge to derive the moisture offset the operator must take readings with the gauge and then enter the true moisture derived by an oven dry or similar method The Model 3450 can store one partial offset A partial offset allows the operator to take readings and enter the true moisture at different times NOTE When using destructive methods such as drilling cores or sample removal for true moisture measurement take gauge readings before removing samples Access the Offset menu by
26. Test irstsra gre tannete GK ASTRA Are C 3 Taking Statistics C 4 Reviewing the Stat T St ooonnoonnnnnnconocinonnconnconnconncnnncnnccnnnconnoo C 4 Printing the Stat Teste ricos larisa den C 4 Drift limar tesla tin Weitere eit C 5 Taking Drift estuviera isis C 6 Reviewing the Drift TeSt ooooonnnonccnncconcnnnnnonncnnncnnnanananannnanoo C 6 Printing the Dritt Test iconos is ei datet C 7 Source Decay ts oeeo sine eee ines E aie sive ce ees Bete C 8 Troubleshootn gs cette Aon te visege benet Meksikanske C 9 Error Messages csi urea antaes C 14 Batteries astilla litres beds lots Nios Lees bas mensa C 18 Battery Status eneen ene n a iE aE E C 19 Charola iras aa ud C 20 Replacing the Batteries srosonrronrnonvrnvvnnnvnrnvnrrrarvrasvrssenreenn C 20 Mechanical Maintenance esoornrronrronvrenvnrnvnnnvnnnnvnrnenenrarnraseresnee C 22 Cleaning the Base and Top Shell ononnnvnnnnvnnnvnrnvnrnrnsnrrenne C 22 Lubricating the Source Rod ranvronvnrnvvnnvvnnvvnvnvnenerevsvensrenn C 23 Replacing Gaskets sroronnrenrronrronvnenvnrnvnrnvvnsnenrnenevasevsssnsesnne C24 Model 3450 Appendix C 1 o D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le lo 3 2 ep CONTENTS Continued ARA A C 25 Teak TestDate dnne Ann en C 25 Leak Test Interval ios orina irse C 26 Display Contrato C 27 Replacement Parts comicios C 28 A CCESSOTICS ioes eee eiieeii alcaldes its las C 29 ODO irc auke ne di entret C 29 Maintenance Suppli
27. The moisture offset for soils containing these materials is a negative value If the material is high in neutron absorbing material such as boron cadmium or chlorine then the offset must be a positive value Perform a trench offset before taking measurements inside a trench or close vertical structures Vertical structures scatter neutrons and gamma photons back to the gauge This scattering could result in inaccurate moisture and density readings NOTE When turned off the gauge disables all special calibrations and offsets 6 2 AXTROYLER WET DENSITY OFFSET The wet density offset is the difference between the gauge reading and the actual density To access the wet density offset functions press OFFSET to access the Offset menu Then press 1 to access the Wet Density Offset Wet Density Offset xxxx kg m3 1 Enable 2 Disable 3 Change Offset The gauge displays the current wet density offset on the second line To enable the offset press 1 To disable the offset press 2 To enter a new wet density offset press 3 The gauge prompts for the wet density offset P e 7 1 2 m wn go e gt E Ww JI gt e 2 7p Wet Density Offset xxxx kg m3 Select To change the offset select the offset sign positive or negative Enter the wet density offset Press ENTER The gauge enables the new wet density offset and returns to the Ready screen Model 3450 6 3 MOISTURE
28. aes 2 6 CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED Model 3450 Illustration o ooonnccnoconocononcconaconnconnnnnn conc crac nonnconn conan 3 2 Keypad scnt EN 3 3 So rce Rod Positions cinta a a 3 5 Daily Inspection rimar rada 3 6 Turning the Gauge Oni Aere en eari a iieiea re e Ea 3 7 SOUP ie ar ikea 3 9 CHAPTER 4 USING THE GAUGE Taking a Standard Count 00 cece cesceseceseceeeeeseeeeneeeaeeeeeeaaeenaes 4 2 Preparing a Tester skauen R tetteesecdeeouts wlth 4 6 Taking Measurements ennnrnrnnvrerevrnenrnennnenvnenvnsnvnnnvensvenenenenensnreee 49 CHAPTER 5 PROJECT DATA Separating the Control Unit eenvrrnvvnnnvnnnvnnvnrnvnrnrnsvrasenssensssvsvenn 5 2 Handling Project Data iaa Ad 5 5 Storing Dalarnas sne ieee 5 10 CHAPTER 6 ADJUSTING MEASUREMENTS Calibration Offset iseis inasa aara aesan ha 6 2 Special Calibration cido iris 6 11 APPENDIX A RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY Radiation Theo ad tates A 2 Radiation Satety vu AS Regulatory Requirements ooooccnoconococonononnconnnnnnnnnncnnncnnnccnnocnne ns A 15 Gauge Use Precautions iriseora earriero nanet A 18 3450 R diatton Profile taba A 19 Model 3450 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued APPENDIX B 3450 SPECIFICATIONS Measurement Specifications ranvnnnvvnnvvnnnvnvravenrnsvenenvnsnvnsnvesnven B 2 Radiological Specifications 0 e ee eeesssecsseceeceeceseceeeeeseeeeneeenes B 5 Electrical Specifications onnronvronovrnvvnnvvnvnrnvravenrvenensnvnsnvnsnvennven
29. and DS2 density standards and 1 each day for MS moisture standard gt Ifthe standard count passes record the standard counts then press the YES key The gauge displays Depth Calibration Set Rod To BS And Press ENTER The gauge calibrates the index rod depth strip and returns to the Ready display gt If the standard count fails and it has been more than a month since the last standard count then accept the standard count by pressing the YES key At the Do You Want To Erase Last Four Standard Counts prompt press the YES key The gauge displays Depth Calibration Set Rod To BS And Press ENTER Ant A TROYLER Follow the displayed instructions and take four additional standard counts The last of these counts will be compared to the previous four and the standard counts should pass If not repeat the procedure If it still fails perform a stat test see page C 3 and a drift test see page C 5 then contact your Troxler representative gt If the standard count fails and it has been less than a month since the last standard count but the count was performed correctly and the failure is less than 5 press the YES key If the failure is more than 5 press the NO key Ensure that the gauge is properly positioned on the reference standard block Figure 4 1 Verify that the standard count site meets the criteria listed on page 4 2 Take another standard count and accept it if it fails by les
30. and complete the inspection as quickly as possible to minimize exposure the dose rate at three feet from the unshielded source is about 2 7 mrem hr If the visual inspection indicates that the source rod tip is broken off source is missing gt DI gt gt e 2 4 x m e I lt 1 Immediately contact your Radiation Safety Officer RSO 2 Initiate a search for the source starting at the location where the gauge was last used 3 Report lost or missing radioactive sources to the state or federal radiation control agency in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements Contact the Troxler Radiation Safety Department for further advice Model 3450 Appendix A 9 DAILY INSPECTION The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features as follows v The source rod opening in the bottom of the gauge is equipped with a spring loaded tungsten sliding block that shuts when the source rod is in the SAFE shielded position To check the operation of the sliding block push the source rod down into the backscatter position see Figure 3 3 on page 3 5 and then raise it back to the SAFE position You should hear a click as the sliding block snaps shut Turn the gauge over and verify that the sliding block is shut If any portion of the opening is uncovered the tungsten sliding block and fixed tungsten block should be cleaned before using transporting or storing the
31. and the safe operation of the gauge brief overview of the regulatory requirements related to the ownership and use of the gauge as well as a listing of radiation safety related warnings and cautions is included CONTENTS Radiation Theory iii keen kiss A 2 ATOMIC STUCTUTE sesi n kassene A 2 Radioactivity rein paeanere fed aeaaea ieS A 3 Types of Radi tione iren ee S ARE A 4 Radiation Safety uta o skissen mn AS Radiation Dose sus sed ease A 5 Limiting EX posure uses ieee eine deals A 6 Personnel Monitoring ooococccoccconnconnnonnnonnconncnnncconoconccanccnncannos A 8 Source Encapsulation sen netiek er aA eiai A 8 Source Rod Inspection ooconnccnnocnnocononcnoncnonaconaconanaccnancrna conan A 9 Daily Insp ction i i ieies iias A 10 Cleaning the Tungsten Blocks rsnvrnvnrnvvnnvvnnnvnvnvnvnrervrnsen A 11 Ledk Test mica oia A 13 Regulatory Requirements ooococonoconococonnnonnconnnonnnnn nono nonnnccnnccnne ns A 15 LACA Min pida A 15 Training ideal fs A 15 Disposal snuse dnne ti A 16 Emergency Procedures esiaren teineen A 16 Gauge Use Precautions oncemore A 18 3450 Radiation Profile ceonomeiid ls td A 19 Model 3450 Appendix A 1 gt DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e DI lt RADIATION THEORY A more detailed discussion of radiological theory can be found in the Troxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Program manual provided at the Troxler Safety Class ATOMIC STRUCTURE All matter is made up
32. backscatter modes of operation are illustrated along with an explanation of the cesium 137 source americium 241 beryllium source and detector geometry CONTENTS ad I m e I lt le 7 le UV m JI gt e 2 Dens aske Monstureulssskral ET Thin Lara ii 2 5 Calbr tionssdsa sea seks Grue eta 2 6 Oise tiro edo ls dh tes ol nd o 2 6 Model 3450 2 1 DENSITY The Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus uses two modes of operation direct transmission mode with the source rod extended into the material to be measured and backscatter mode with the source rod in the backscatter position Source rod positions are described in Chapter 3 In the direct transmission position the source rod extends through the base of the gauge into a pre drilled hole to a desired depth Photons from the cesium 137 Cs 137 source in the source rod pass through the test material While passing through the test material the photons collide with electrons and lose energy high material density increases the probability of these photon collisions This decreases the number of photons that reach the Geiger Mueller G M detectors in the base of the gauge Thus the number of photons reaching the detectors is inversely related to the density of the material the higher the density of the material the fewer the photons that reach the detectors Using the gauge calibration the gauge software converts the G M detector counts to a dens
33. captive screws Appendix C 20 Troy ER To replace the NiCad battery pack Y Y Y Y Y Y Y NICAD BATTERY PACK Turn the gauge off Unscrew the four captive screws on the keypad assembly Carefully lift the keypad assembly from the gauge Unplug the ribbon cable from the keypad assembly 9 4 D le Cc Ww F m 72 I le Oo 3 2 ep Place the keypad assembly face down Unplug the 6 pin connector from the NiCad battery pack see Figure C 1 Gently squeeze the connector Lock the battery pack retaining pin into the disengaged position by pulling and twisting the knob on the pin Slide the NiCad battery pack out of the gauge Slide a new NiCad battery pack into the gauge Engage the battery pack retaining pin by pulling and twisting the knob on the pin Plug the 6 pin connector into the NiCad battery pack Re assemble the gauge 6 PIN CONNECTOR Figure C 1 Replacing NiCad Battery Pack Model 3450 Appendix C 21 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE CAUTION EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Do not separate the control unit from the base Doing so will result in non compliance with EMC directive Call your Troxler representative for additional information CLEANING THE BASE AND TOP SHELL To clean the gauge base use a putty knife to scrape away any built up accumulations of soil or asphalt Be careful not to damage the gauge base After removing any large accumulations wipe the gauge base wit
34. codified in the International Air 3 Transport Association IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations z International customers should consult their local government or licensing authority for applicable regulations S gt a fa CONTENTS z U S Shipping RequirementS coonccnnccnnocnnoconocnnnnnnnnncnn nono nono nocnnecnno D 2 Accident Notification Requirements eonvnrnvnrvrnrvrnrvrrvvnrrsnn D 3 Hazmat Traino tcs aeae a ie a E ia ia D 3 Canadian Shipping Requirements srrnvvnnvvnvnvnvnrnrnrasvrnsnvnenvnnneee D 4 Model 3450 Appendix D 1 U S SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The U S DOT hazmat regulations 49 CFR Parts 100 185 apply any time a nuclear device is transported by motor vehicle on a public highway or by other means of transport rail air ship The major requirements for transporting a nuclear gauge in the United States are listed below For more detailed information about these requirements please refer to the Troxler Transportation Guide A copy of the current IAEA Certificate of Competent Authority for each source in the gauge Special Form Certificate must be kept on file Current versions can be downloaded from the Troxler website www troxlerlabs com A copy of the results of the Type A package testing must be kept on file Hazmat employee training records must be kept on file An Emergency Response Information document must be in the vehicle and immediately accessible to the driver A proper
35. factors for common English units relevant to the 3450 gauge CONTENTS Measurement Units ccccccccsssssssescscccecccssssssscccccecessssevesccees F2 Radiological Units suget siecdoen e F 2 m Cc Z 4 oO e Z lt m I 2 e a Model 3450 Appendix F 1 MEASUREMENT UNITS 1 in 25 4 mm 1 in 2 54 cm 1 ft 30 48 cm 1 ft 0 3048 m I pef 16 02 kg m I pef 1 6 x 10 g cm RADIOLOGICAL UNITS l rem 0 01 Sv 1 Ci 37 GBq 1 mCi 37 MBq 1 uCi 37 kBq The following table is provided to assist the operator in converting from millicuries to gigabequerels mCi to GBq SA O EE E EST 0 30 AO aarda 1 48 Appendix F 2 troxLeR APPENDIX G SPECIAL EUROPEAN CONSIDERATIONS m D oO a m gt 2 D m hv wm This section applies only to those Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus gauges with the CE mark that are to be used in European countries CONTENTS Declaration of Conformity ooococonoccconcconnnonnnnnnnonnnono nono nono nonnnacnnccnns G 2 Safety WamingS cti td G 3 Model 3450 Appendix G 1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Application of Council EMC Directive 89 336 EEC 93 42 EEC and Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC Standards to which Conformity is Declared Manufacturer Apparatus Year of Declaration Responsible Person Appendix G 2 EN 61010 1 EN 55011 Group 1 Class A EN 50082 2 Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc P O Box 12057 300
36. kg m Moisture at 240 kg m Precision kg m Surface error 1 25 mm 100 Void kg m Appendix B 2 15 sec 52 8 0 18 0 15 sec 16 0 14 0 80 0 15 sec 11 0 19 0 lmin 4min 2 6 1 3 8 0 8 0 18 0 18 0 lmin 4min 8 0 4 0 14 0 14 0 80 0 80 0 lmin 4min 5 5 2 8 19 0 19 0 AXTROYLER U S Customary Units Density at 125 pcf Direct Transmission 6 in Precision pcf Composition error pcf Surface error 0 05 in 100 Void pct Backscatter Precision pcf Composition error pcf Surface error 0 05 in 100 Void pef Moisture at 15 pcf Precision pcf Surface error 0 05 in 100 Void pef Model 3450 15 sec 0 32 0 50 1 1 15 sec 1 0 0 87 15 sec 0 69 1 2 lmin 4min 0 156 0 08 0 50 0 50 1 1 1 1 lmin 4min 0 50 0 25 0 87 0 87 5 0 5 0 Imin 4min 0 34 0 17 1 2 1 2 Appendix B 3 w mn D m Q a gt a e z 77 THIN LAYER MODE Precision at 2240 kg m 140 pcf Time min Thickness 1 0 2 5 cm 1 0 in 5 0 cm 2 0 in 6 3 cm 2 5 in 10 0 cm 4 0 in 4 0 2 5 cm 1 0 in 5 0 cm 2 0 in 6 3 cm 2 5 in 10 0 cm 4 0 in kg m pef 1 0 0 60 0 50 0 5 0 50 0 30 0 25 0 25 Precision is defined as tone standard deviation in readings Appendix B4 RADIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS Gamma Source 0 30 GBq 8 mCi 10 Cs 137 Neutron Source 1 48 GB
37. last measurement results press the RECALL key Use the arrow keys to scroll through the displays Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key e U DJ je a m O pal o gt par gt To view any project data press the PROJECT key As shown on page 55 the gauge displays the current project on the first line of the Project menu Use the arrow keys to scroll through the project names When the gauge displays the desired project number press 3 The gauge displays Your Project ID XXXXX Station x mm dd yyyy HH MM am The gauge displays the station number on the third line To scroll through the station numbers press 7 To scroll through the project data for the displayed station number press 1 Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key PRINT UPLOAD DATA The Print option within the Project menu allows the operator to print or upload project data stored in the gauge To print stat test or drift test data see Appendix C Appendix H provides instructions on using the HyperTerminal program in current versions of Microsoft Windows to print upload data to a computer For details on setting up the gauge software for printing see the Printer Special Key section on page 3 13 Model 3450 5 7 To connect the gauge to a printer or computer remove the cover from the 9 pin serial port on the back of the gauge Connect a serial printer cable to the gauge serial port Connect the
38. number keys to enter the Marshall value Press the ENTER key 3 22 A TROYLER The gauge displays the voidless density and Marshall values entered and asks if the operator wants to store the pair To store the pair press YES Pressing NO allows the operator to use the values without storing them for later use The gauge can store the pair in one of three memory cells Storing a new pair in a cell erases the old pair At the Select memory cell prompt use the number key that corresponds to the desired cell to store the pair The gauge enables the pair and returns to the Target Value menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key DISABLE A PAIR To disable the Marshall value voidless density pair press 5 Disable at the Pairs menu The gauge disables the pair and returns to the Target menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key MEASUREMENT MODE The Model 3450 provides three measurement modes Soil Asphalt and Thin Layer for precise readings on base and thin layer asphalt concrete soil soil stone aggregate and similar materials Before taking a measurement select the appropriate measurement mode To select a measurement mode press the MODE key The gauge displays ep m j 3 z Q wn 1 gt DI m o MODE 1 Soil Mode 2 Asphalt Mode 3 Thin Layer Mode Use the Soil mode when measuring soil or a soil stone aggregate Use Asphalt mode when measuring concret
39. on to determine the true moisture content of a sample taken at the measurement site M Take a gauge reading at the site Record the reading Mauce Take multiple samples and measurements and calculate the average moisture of the samples Use this average value for the offset factor calibration Calculate the offset factor k using the following formula _ Mnar ZoMcauceE da 100 MGauce 1000 Access the Offset menu by pressing the OFFSET key Access the Moisture Offset menu by pressing 2 Moisture Offset K xxxx 1 Enable 2 Disable 3 Change Offset Press 3 Change Offset then 3 Keypad Entry Follow the gauge prompts to enter the true moisture and gauge moisture reading The gauge displays the moisture offset k and prompts the operator to save To save the offset press the YES key then select one of the four memory cell locations 6 8 AXTROYLER TRENCH OFFSET To use the Model 3450 in a trench or within 0 6 m 2 ft of a large vertical surface first perform a trench offset The trench offset adjusts all moisture and density measurements from backscatter to 4 inches For direct transmission measurements over 4 inches deep only the moisture measurement needs to be adjusted In the displays shown below TMO refers to trench moisture offset TDO refers to trench density offset values one for each set of detectors Access the Offset menu by pressing the OFFSET key Access the Trench Offset menu by pr
40. on each area 3 Take a density measurement using an alternate method e e TI T 72 m wn go e gt Ww JI gt e 2 7p DENSITY SPECIAL CALIBRATION The factory calibration provides accurate results for the majority of materials encountered in the field However there are situations when varying material compositions and or texture could affect the gauge accuracy The Special Calibration function allows the operator to recalibrate the Model 3450 gauge for material characteristics not covered by the factory calibration The true density is typically determined by measuring samples of a known material in a laboratory The Special Calibration function is activated only in Soil mode To access the Special Calibration function press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 1 to access the Special Operation menu Press 1 the gauge displays the Special Calibration menu SP CAL Stored cal 1 Enable Spec Cal 2 Disable 4 New 3 View 5 Erase Model 3450 6 11 The gauge displays a special calibration on the first line if one exists in gauge memory The following text provides details on the Special Calibration function Enable a Special Calibration Use the arrow keys to scroll through the special calibrations When the gauge displays the desired special calibration press 1 The gauge enables the selected special calibration and returns to the Ready screen Disable a Spec
41. on the second line To enter a date for the most recent leak test for this gauge use the numeric keys When the second line displays the most recent leak test for this gauge press the ENTER key The gauge updates the leak test date and returns to the Ready screen LEAK TEST INTERVAL The leak test interval and leak test date values are used to alert the operator when a leak test is due To change the leak test interval press the SPECIAL key Press 4 Gauge Setup Use the arrow keys to scroll down to the following display 9 Customer Name 0 Change User Code 1 Leak Test Press ESC To Ex1t Press then 1 Leak Test The gauge displays Leak Test Interval XXX Days Input of Days Then Press ENTER The default value for the leak test interval is 183 days six months Enter the desired number of days and press ENTER The gauge returns to the Gauge Setup menu Press ESG to return to the Ready mode Appendix C 26 TROXLER DISPLAY CONTRAST The gauge display may be difficult to read when viewed in bright light If so adjust the display contrast as follows Y Loosen the four captive screws located in the corners of the keypad O I oO i iss rr m 92 I Q jo Z Q Y Gently lift the control unit from the gauge and place it to the right side of the gauge v An adjustment potentiometer for the display contrast is located inside an access hole in the top edge of the control uni
42. serial printer cable to the printer or computer serial port At the Project menu shown on page 5 5 press 4 The gauge displays the Print Project menu Your Project 1 1 Print This Project 2 Print ALL Projects From this menu the gauge can print or upload either a single project or all projects To print or upload a single project use the arrow keys to scroll through the project names displayed on the first line When the gauge displays the desired project press 1 The gauge prints or uploads the project and returns to the Print Project menu shown above Press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen To print or upload all projects press 2 at the Print Project menu shown above The gauge prints or uploads all the projects and returns to the Print Project menu Press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen 5 8 A TROYLER ERASE PROJECTS At the Project menu shown on page 5 5 press 5 The gauge displays the Erase Project menu Your Project t 1 Erase This Project e me JJ je a m O pal o gt par gt 2 Erase ALL Projects From this menu the operator can erase either a single project or all projects To erase a single project use the arrow keys to scroll through the project names displayed on the first line When the gauge displays the desired project press 1 At the Are You Sure display press the YES key The gauge erases the project and returns to
43. test depth The drill rod increments include the additional depth v Mark the test area before removing the drill rod to ensure the gauge is placed over the same area as the scraper plate Figure 4 3 CAUTION Under no circumstances should the source rod of the gauge be used to drill holes 4 6 AXTROYLER fa pa fa u DRILL ROD I EE EXTRACTION TOOL e SCRAPER PLATE N DRILL ROD GUIDE Figure 4 2 Drill Rod Assembly Y Remove the drill rod by pulling straight up and twisting the extraction tool Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping from side to side with a hammer Also do not rock the extraction tool from side to side This will distort the hole or cause loose material to fall into the hole Y Carefully pick up the scraper plate MARK FOR SCRAPER PLATE CENTER gt c SCRAPER SCRAPER D PLATE MARK FOR DRILL PLATE S ROD CENTER O ep D gt 5 METHOD 1 METHOD 2 m Figure 4 3 Marking the Test Area Model 3450 4 7 ASPHALT SITE This also applies to hardened concrete sites and soil NOTE These directions also apply to taking a backscatter measurement on soil Y Locate a smooth site on the asphalt Y Fill the voids on open mixes with sand or cement The gauge base must rest on the asphalt not the fill material Y Ensure that the gauge does not rock To ensure accurate readings the gauge base must be completely in contact with the test material
44. text as follows WARNING Indicates conditions or procedures that if not followed correctly may cause personal injury CAUTION Indicates conditions or procedures that if not followed correctly may cause equipment damage NOTE Indicates important information that must be read to ensure proper operation KEY Angle brackets and a different typestyle indicate a key or character number or letter to press on the gauge keypad For example Press START means to press the key labeled START DISPLAY A different typestyle is used in text to indicate information or messages displayed on the gauge DISPLAY Typestyle and shading used to simulate the gauge display Diamonds indicate a list of things needed such as equipment or things to know Y Check marks indicate the performance of an action With lists of check marks follow the instructions in the order of the check marks gt Triangles indicate that more than one option is available Carefully select the option that applies Model 3450 v Vi NOTES A TROYLER TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3450 INTO UC eiii a ci 1 2 Gauge Parts and Accessories cooooooccnococonoconoconcnonaconncnan crac nrnncrnn conan 14 Unpacking and Inspection ererererorrronrvonrnenvnenvnrnvnrnvennveneneneneeenseee 1 6 CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF OPERATION DOS is seansen ARNE 2 2 MOIStur Lasvnknen Grekerne 2 3 Thin ayer sus Gara 2 5 Calibre
45. the Ready screen press the ESC key To calibrate the depth strip press 3 and follow instructions on the gauge screen 3 14 A TROYLER BEEPER LEVEL SPECIAL KEY The Beeper Level feature allows the operator to adjust the loudness of the beeper To access this feature press 4 Set Beeper Level at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9 Set Beeper Level 1 Soft 2 Loud 3 Extra Loud To select a menu option use the corresponding number key The loud setting uses the external beeper To further control the external beeper the operator can manually adjust the opening of the beeper located on the back of the gauge NOTE Using the external beeper reduces the battery life The gauge changes the loudness of the beeper and returns to the Gauge Setup menu To return to the Ready screen press the ESC key DISPLAY BACKLIGHT The Model 3450 provides a backlight option for the liquid crystal display LCD The backlight can help the operator read the display at night Using the backlight reduces battery life therefore the gauge offers four backlight modes The operator can set the gauge to activate the backlight ep m j 3 Z Q wn pa gt DI m o Only after the operator presses the LIGHT key After a count After a keypress PIN ES After either a count or a keypress The operator can also set how long the display remains backlit Model 3450 3 15 NOTE Using the display backlight redu
46. the gauge is turned on Although the values noted below may be changed at any time The Model 3450 offers a Current Status feature that enables the operator to view the current gauge status setup and constants and to print the current gauge status and calibration constants The gauge status includes the customer name software version units count time measurement mode Marshall value Proctor value Voidless density value measurement mode status percent air voids status specific gravity offset status offset values printer setup and special calibration The gauge setup includes the software version gauge serial number source rod type last reset date charger and battery status display time out backlight setup beeper setup and depth indicator setup The constants include calibration constants and status NOTE The Special key contains several functions These functions are typically not used on a day to day basis The features that are accessed through the Special key are denoted in this chapter with the phrase SPECIAL KEY in the section title ep m j 3 Z Q wn gt DI m o CURRENT STATUS SPECIAL KEY Access the Special functions menu by pressing the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 2 Gauge Status Test to access the Gauge Status Test menu At the Gauge Status Test menu press 1 Current Status From this menu press 1 View Status 1 View Status 2 View Setup 3 View C
47. time on the first line and options on subsequent lines To select the desired count time press the corresponding number key The gauge sets the new count time then returns to the Ready display ep m j 3 Z Q wn gt DI m o TARGET Target values include Proctor values Marshall values and voidless density values The voidless density is the maximum theoretical density for the test material as obtained in laboratory tests The gauge uses the Proctor value when taking counts in the soil mode It uses the Marshall and or voidless density values in the asphalt and thin layer modes Model 3450 3 19 The Model 3450 can store up to four Proctor Marshall or voidless density target values The gauge can also store three sets of Marshall and voidless density value pairs The gauge uses the target values to determine the percent compaction after it has determined the density of the test material With the Target feature the operator can enter a new target value enable a stored target value or disable a target value To access the Target feature press the TARGET key The gauge displays the Target menu as shown 1 PR X XXX 2 MA X XXX 3 Voidless x xxx 4 Voidless MA Pair On the first line the gauge displays the active Proctor value On the second line the gauge displays the active Marshall value The third line shows the active voidless density value Proctor Marshall and Voidless Density
48. 1 Enable 2 Disable To enable the Full Store feature press 1 To disable the Full Store feature press 2 The gauge sets the Full Store mode and returns to the Ready screen 5 14 A TROYLER CHAPTER 6 ADJUSTING MEASUREMENTS This chapter explains how to adjust gauge readings using offsets and how to create a special calibration ad e 7 N CONTENTS m go AAA EN 2 Wet Density Offset ennn ltd 3 E Morsture Offset danitten St 2 French Offset unnarennet a Z 7 Special Calibration a oneneko een e n i a ERS 6 11 Density Special Calibration sonoronvronvrnnvnvnvnrnrnrvrervrsvenrvenr 6 11 Thin Layer Special Calibration eoornvonnvvnenvnrnrervrnvvrerenrvenr 6 16 Model 3450 6 1 CALIBRATION OFFSET Troxler calibrates the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus at the factory for use on soils asphalt and concrete The operating range of the gauge is 1100 to 2700 kg m 70 to 170 pef If the gauge is to be used on materials outside of this range the operator can adjust the gauge using an offset The 3450 gauge provides three offsets wet density moisture and trench Perform a wet density offset if the test material is outside the range of material composition and or texture used during factory calibration Perform a moisture offset if the test material contains hydrogen in forms other than water or is high in neutron absorbers Examples of materials rich in hydrogen are cement gypsum coal or lime
49. 37 Outside the U S A 1 919 549 8661 Fax 1 919 549 0761 Web www troxlerlabs com Technical Support Phone 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 E mail TroxTechSupport Otroxlerlabs com Florida Service Center 2376 Forsyth Road Orlando FL 32807 Fax 407 681 3188 Texas Service Center 2016 East Randol Mill Road Suite 406 Arlington TX 76011 Fax 817 275 8562 Illinois Service Center 1430 Brook Drive Downers Grove IL 60515 Fax 630 261 9341 Northern California Service Center 11300 Sanders Drive Suite 7 Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Fax 916 631 0541 Troxler European Subsidiary Troxler Electronics GMbH Gilchinger Strasse 33 D 82239 Alling nr Munich Germany Phone 49 8141 71063 Fax 49 8141 80731 E mail troxler t online de NOTE To locate an independent Troxler authorized service center near you call 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 Model 3450 111 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus Troxler continues the proven technology of its 3400 Series surface moisture density gauges with the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus The Model 3450 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains information on safely using this gauge Also included in this manual are safety warnings gauge setup troubleshooting and general maintenance CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL Throughout this manual symbols and special formatting are used to reveal the purpose of the
50. 6 Deal ici 6 11 Depth Indica invicta ees ias 3 14 UI NA 6 4 Offset tired e e EE a E E eea 6 2 Specialises i n eE REA aaa 6 11 Thin layer eggsekk 6 16 AUTO a E E E iia ida senn 6 9 Wet densa E E a 6 3 Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC 1 3 D 4 A 15 Canadian shipping requirements snrnronnrnornnnnrnrrnrnrrvennrneenrenernsee D 4 CE Key sucia eee 3 3 Cesium 137 Gs 137 sscusenici cel ei es 2 2 Charge baterias cocotero ea a esi aeea C 20 Charger aire 1 5 Cleaning Base and top shell esnusvhesntens rhensngdis sie C 22 Tungst n blocks ensure eieuteeil ionnan A 1 1 Code of Federal Regulations CFR rrernrnnonnrnoonrvrrrrrvennrnvennnnernr 1 3 Communication protocol eenvnrnrnrnranvrnrvranenrnenrnsnvrsnvnsnvesnvenseee 3 13 Concrete Site PLE PATAtOM A bec dave ega EERE E ati 4 8 Taking measurements ce eeeceeeeceeseeceececeeeeeceeeeeaeceeaeeceenees 4 12 Connections output device ssnnrnvnrnrarvrarvrrsenrrsnrrsnvnsnvrsnvesnvesnvee 3 13 Contrast displasia C 27 Control unit separating sneinen e 5 2 Convert UNIS aene anena eee ena atts E e ia aAa na ie F 1 Count ume a 3 19 Create projett Lun a re 5 6 Current Status a A a 3 9 Customer name 2sci05 she asidero bites 3 18 Index 2 Troy ER Data A eee SAE WO STE 5 9 Print Upload s n sidevess sede Mite idas it cect lain it 5 7 Projet Aine ies aat 5 5 STOLPE anne ted 5 10 Transmission rate baud rate oooonocccononoccccn
51. 7 Reading ci ai heen een ee 4 9 Asphalt a ete aS 4 12 CONCTE TE 225 suser suksessene 4 12 Solan ekegren moen bedende 4 10 RR 5 10 MA O EE 4 14 Ready SCT Moni est 3 7 Recalibrat s corsa iii 6 11 Recall d ta niad nue il 5 7 RECALL Key rasstedet tien tein ad 3 3 Recharge Meireles idas B 6 RECOVER ASC dalt ee 5 9 Reference standard block oooonnnncnnnnononanonananananananananononon 1 5 4 2 Regulation ip 1 3 A 15 CUE A saaaesaasaeesieesacevseaeaye D4 US Shippin Gs e cc asus as ae a ee eae aer ie D 2 Replace Alkaline batteries ik inene E a E e C 20 GaASKECtS osa eae GEE hats BE C 24 N1C d battery pack ceris reoeo cadens stress C 21 S SAFE POSO bio 3 5 Safety warnings European Countries cee ceeceeceseeeseeereeeeees G 3 Sample Average separation oooocccnoccooncnnnnnoncnoncnn nono nono A enai 3 24 NUM A Ae ee 3 24 Scraper plate nica oe 1 5 46 SELECT PIO EC sra 5 5 SN 3 7 Separating the control unit ooonnccnnncnonccncccnocnnncnonanonanona non ncnnnccnnanns 5 2 Serial COMME Ae 3 13 Data formats eien aa a aea aias B 6 A andere 3 13 DEVICE Netas A a de e pc a e Sete eek Ane C 30 COM kasseres kresen rule 111 SEUS Ge die 3 18 SOM esse see iia iii 3 9 CAUCA iaa 3 10 PE ds 3 13 Index 8 A TROYLER A nae eee hots nly eee beeen B 5 A 7 SHIFT kei dis 3 3 Shipper s Declaration for Dangerous Goods arranvnrnvnrnvnnnvnnnnnne D 2 SAP PUG citrato liinda D 1 Canadian requirements anvrnnvnrnvvnnv
52. 8 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27709 USA Model 3450 RoadReader Plus Surface Moisture Density Gauge 2002 Roland A Hohlrieder Prokurist Troxler Electronics GmbH Wholly Owned Subsidiary Gilchinger Strasse 33 D 82239 Alling Germany Telephone 011 49 81 41 71063 FAX 011 49 81 41 80731 AN SAFETY WARNINGS Owners are encouraged to require study of this manual before allowing anyone to use the gauge A potential hazard does exist if improperly used The sections of the manual covering radiological safety should be required reading for all users and potential users If these sections are not completely understood users should seek assistance from Troxler an appointed Troxler representative or others designated within the user s organization The following list of safety warnings applies to gauges with the CE mark and that are to be used in European countries In addition to these safety warnings all other safety warnings and cautions throughout this manual apply to gauges with the CE mark There are no user serviceable parts only qualified service personnel should remove shields or covers to attempt repairs Do not remove any shields or covers A high voltage hazard is located under the baseboard cover The dc adapter shall be used on properly fused vehicle cigarette lighters only Do not separate the control unit from the base This will result in non compliance with the EMC dir
53. A The Model 3450 can store up to 1000 readings The gauge stores the readings under project names with up to 620 readings per project Storing additional project data such as notes will reduce the maximum number of stored readings e U D je a m O pal o gt par gt The Project and Store functions allow handling of project data The keys for these two functions are located conveniently next to each other on the keypad Measurement results are stored in files gauge memory locations called projects named by the operator The Project function allows the operator to create a new project view project data select a project make an existing project active so that additional data may be added to it print the data stored in the project or erase projects The Store function allows the operator to store measurement results and other test identifying information in a selected project To access the Project function press the PROJECT key The gauge displays the Project menu with the current project on the first line PR Your Project 1 Select Project 2 New 4 Print 3 View 5 Erase The following text provides details on the Project function SELECT A PROJECT The gauge displays the current project on the first line of the Project menu Use the arrow keys to scroll through the project names When the gauge displays the desired project press 1 The gauge enables the selected project name and returns to
54. CAUTION Turn the gauge off before reconnecting the control unit Unexpected operation or board failure may result if the control unit is connected while turned on To return the control unit to the gauge reattach the baseboard connector to the control unit taking care to align the connector properly When properly aligned the connectors should slide together easily without forcing Push the connector in until the latches on each side click into the locked position On gauges equipped with a shielded ribbon cable secure the cable using the flat metal bracket Ensure that the shielding of the cable is gripped securely beneath the metal bracket Replace the two Phillips screws and tighten Model 3450 5 3 Gently place the control unit inside the gauge and tighten the four screws in the corners of the keypad Turn the gauge on If the gauge displays Baseboard Not Connected then the ribbon cable is not connected properly Check between the baseboard and the control unit connector again If the gauge displays Incorrect Baseboard ID then the control unit is connected to the wrong gauge The calibration constants for a gauge are stored in its control unit therefore the control unit must be returned to the gauge from which it was removed To ensure that this occurs the control unit checks an electronic ID on the base If this error is displayed return the control unit to the correct gauge 54 A TROYLER HANDLING PROJECT DAT
55. Cad batteries In fact the alkaline batteries can power the gauge for about ten weeks of average operation However Troxler recommends that the operator recharge the NiCad batteries and use the alkaline batteries only as a backup The NiCad batteries can be fully recharged in only four hours Note that the backlight will not operate when the gauge is powered by the alkaline batteries Appendix C 18 Troy ER BATTERY STATUS The Battery Status option displays the charge status of the NiCad batteries and the voltage of the NiCad and alkaline batteries The Battery Status option is a Special function under Gauge Setup To access the Gauge Setup menu press the SPECIAL key then press 4 o D le Cc Ww m 72 x le lo 3 2 e Set Time Date Print Set Up Depth Indicator Set Beeper Level To scroll through the Gauge Setup menu use the arrow keys To select Battery Status press 7 The first line shows the NiCad charger voltage and status The second line shows the NiCad battery voltage and status The third and fourth lines show the voltage and status for the two sets of alkaline batteries The minimum requirements for battery operation are as follows Minimum NiCad batteries 40 V Alkaline batteries 1 ALK1 3 0 V Alkaline batteries 2 ALK2 3 5 V If the NiCad batteries are below their minimum voltage re charge them If either ALK1 or ALK2 is below its minimum voltage replace both sets of b
56. ER CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3450 _ pa D oO U Cc O e 2 This chapter provides a brief overview of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus and includes a list of the gauge parts and accessories and instructions for unpacking and inspecting the gauge CONTENTS Introduction ts e 1 2 Gauge Parts and Accessories ererenrronrronvrenvnenvnrnvnrnvennvensneneneeenseee 1 4 Unpacking and Inspection cooocnoconocononoconononnconncnnncnnnc nan conc cona conan 1 6 Model 3450 1 1 INTRODUCTION Troxler has combined the proven technology of its 3400 moisture density and 4640 thin layer density gauges to produce the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus The 3450 meets or exceeds all applicable American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM standards or corresponding equivalent including 4 ASTM D 2922 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods Shallow Depth ASTM D 2950 Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Method ASTM D 3017 Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place by Nuclear Methods Shallow Depth With the 3450 the operator can quickly and precisely measure the moisture content and density of construction materials The gauge s features include Three measurement modes soil asphalt and thin layer for precise compaction control readings in most constructi
57. If the gauge rocks then find a more suitable test site If taking a measurement around a core the gauge may be moved a few inches away from the core to level it 4 8 AXTROYLER TAKING MEASUREMENTS AN NOTE When not taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE shielded position For added user safety the source rod automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle If you do not hear a click when the gauge is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding block the sliding block and fixed tungsten block may require cleaning Refer to page A 11 for cleaning instructions A WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may cause excessive personnel radiation exposure and may violate transportation regulations The Current Status feature see page 3 9 allows the operator to view the current gauge status This feature provides a quick overview of all enabled functions mode of operation enabled offsets displayed units etc Check the gauge s current status before taking measurements To change any of the Current Status parameters refer to Chapter 3 Remember to take a standard count each day the gauge is to be used see page 4 2 For more information on sto
58. Manual of Operation and Instruction Model 3450 RoadReader Plus Surface Moisture Density Gauge TROXLER Testing Equipment Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc 3008 Cornwallis Rd e P O Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 Phone 1 877 TROXLER Outside the USA 1 919 549 8661 Fax 1 919 549 0761 www troxlerlabs com Troxler gauges are protected by U S and foreign patents Copyright O 1996 2009 Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or information storage and retrieval systems for any purpose without the express written permission of Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc Fantastic is a trademark of Dow Consumer Products Inc Federal Express is a registered trademark of the Federal Express Corporation 409 is a trademark of the Clorox Company Magnalube G is a registered trademark of Carleton Stuart Corporation Microsoft Excel Windows and Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation RoadReader is a trademark of Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc WD 40 is a registered trademark of the WD 40 Company PN 107837 January 2009 Edition 4 4 i A TROYLER TROXLER SERVICE CENTERS Troxler Corporate Headquarters 3008 Cornwallis Road P O Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 Phone 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 95
59. N CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THE INSTRUMENT THIS WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE INSTRUMENT OR ANY PART THEREOF WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO DAMAGE BY ACCIDENT NEGLIGENCE ALTERATION ABUSE MISUSE OR SERVICE NOT AUTHORIZED IN WRITING BY TROXLER SUCH DAMAGE TO INCLUDE BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO BURNING OF CIRCUIT BOARDS AND HARNESS FROM IMPROPER SOLDERING TECHNIQUES AND DAMAGE TO THE INSTRUMENT DUE TO PURCHASER S FAILURE TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE AS OUTLINED IN THE AUTHORIZED OPERATOR S MANUAL DUE TO THE NATURE OF THEIR USE MECHANICAL ACCESSORY PARTS AND BATTERIES ARE WARRANTED FOR 90 DAYS ONLY FROM DATE OF SHIPMENT TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES INC Troxler International Ltd Troxler Electronics Canada Ltd 3008 Cornwallis Road Post Office Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA NOTICE TO CONSUMERS Any disclaimer or limitation on the remedies expressed above shall not be effective to the extent prohibited by state or federal law NOTE THIS WARRANTY EXCLUDES DAMAGE INCURRED IN SHIPMENT IF THIS INSTRUMENT IS RECEIVED IN DAMAGED CONDITION THE CARRIER SHOULD BE CONTACTED IMMEDIATELY ALL CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE IN TRANSIT SHOULD BE FILED WITH THE CARRIER IF REQUESTED TROXLER WILL AID IN FILING OF CLAIMS AND OR LOCATING GAUGES LOST IN TRANSIT III III y y CSIC
60. NiCad Battery Assembly 3450 NiCad Battery 5 8 inch Tube GM Detector 3 4 inch GM Tube Detector 900 V de Moisture Tube Assembly Bioshield w Bearing ACCESSORIES PART 107839 3450 100421 107795 103680 1000 107830 110403 104156 107837 107900 OPTIONS PART 104661 3000 107768 0006 104340 104341 106514 0002 107480 021140 102868 102873 102876 0005 109661 105817 O DESCRIPTION 3 3450 Shipping Case Carton Assembly 2 Forged Drill Rod Scraper Plate Weldment Y Extraction Tool S Reference Standard Block Assembly AC Adapter 12 V CE o DC Charger 3450 User Manual 3450 Quick Reference Guide DESCRIPTION Printer Package 3450 Printer Cable 3440 3450 Printer 3440 3450 Printer Battery Pack Serial Cable Assembly 3450 Concrete Adapter Radiation Sign Kit 3880 Leak Test Kit w 4 Packets 1 0z Solution Detergent Leak Test Packet 4 units Survey Meter Kit Emergency Response MAINTENANCE SUPPLIES PART 012784 012786 012789 100761 Model 3450 DESCRIPTION Lubricant Magnalube G Paste 1 5 oz Lubricant Magnalube G Paste 1 Ib Can Lubricant Magnalube G 14 5 oz Source Rod Pig Appendix C 29 RETURNING THE GAUGE FOR SERVICE All shipments within the United States to the factory must be accompanied by an RGA Returned Goods Authorization number and a description of the instrument and its problem This information is used by Troxler shipping and service personnel to expedite the repair wor
61. OT COMMUNICATE WITH PRINTER OR COMPUTER Y Y Y Check that the correct cable is being used Ensure that the gauge and printer computer baud rates are the same see page 3 13 Ensure that all other parameters match Data bits 8 Stop bits 2 Parity none Protocol DSR DTR Appendix C 10 Troy ER SOFTWARE LOCKS UP Y Y To turn the gauge off press and hold the ON key for five seconds or more then release Check the inside of the gauge for moisture To dry the gauge interior remove the keypad If necessary use a hair dryer on low heat to circulate warm air for one to three hours 9 4 D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le Oo a 2 e Remove any foreign objects from inside the gauge The scaler control unit may be defective To test replace the suspect control unit scaler with a good scaler GARBAGE OR XXXXXX IS DISPLAYED If a value exceeds the display area the gauge will display Check the standard counts in memory If the standard counts are suspect perform new standard counts If counts equal zero for both systems the high voltage board must be replaced contact the nearest Troxler Service Center Check gauge for water damage If the gauge is wet dry the gauge interior with hair dryer on low heat for 3 hours Check that the calibration constants are valid Ensure that the measurement depth displayed by the gauge corresponds to the actual source rod depth Mo
62. Scviococion iii E a Eaa cir 34 O OF E Kei 3 3 Offset daten 2 6 CallDratiON eric sdi te 6 2 M ist re 0 A a ink 2 6 6 2 6 4 O 2 6 6 2 6 9 WetdensitVi pilates 2 6 6 2 6 3 OFFSET KeV unik esse 3 3 ON Keita tirarla 3 3 3 7 OPUON eset rape se eee Aten C 29 P A 14 Replacement vanene rer ia C 28 Percent alr VOIdSis i043 fascia crank eosin salen ets 3 27 Photo ia Bene eesti een Ri Bea ees 2 2 A 4 PECAR salmen NATTEN A 18 ines A TROYLER Precrsionnuast n kaiene Arado B 2 Print Drift testise it a ets ee tee C 7 PLOJE Ct Catal tico ni retarda 5 7 H 3 QA sample locations sanean n aa eia 3 26 Sade E A C 4 Printe ei a n N OR OS BOR RB 1 5 Calida 1 5 Cable poi ian daca lain B 7 COMME A dia ia de 3 13 UD until ld tea 3 13 Proctor Valeri its 3 19 Profile Ta IO vial A abit A aS A 19 Project Create nante ees ish aes 5 6 BF Fee surnet ard 5 5 ESO AA EA ARA AN E 5 9 NR A Es dR 5 11 Print upload data oooronoronvornvvrvnvnvnrnvvrnrvrnrerasenssensnsvsaserasevsesnee 5 7 Selena Skelter aat atone 5 5 SOLGT 5 10 VIENA RE Aa 5 7 PROJECT KEW cecilia 33 5 5 Q QA Sampling it Lan etisalat ees 3 24 R Radiation Converting UNIS unica dit F 1 DOE md A 5 EXPOSUTO ceo Geiner en riene A 6 AA OS A 8 Profi l ida tender arie id ataata A 19 Safety uns n Meet a tee a Ha ei a a A 5 Specifications Griene ea aE E aT seta B 5 TG OLY renne ee e aen Ne on enler NE aS A 2 TYDE S A ETE E E A 4 EIA E A AZ3 Model 3450 Index
63. The gauge will enable the target value and return to the Target menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key DISABLE THE TARGET VALUE To disable the target value press 6 Disable at the Target Value menu The gauge will disable the target value and return to the Target menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key NOTE The 3450 gauge can be used with the target value disabled In this case no percent compaction value will be displayed Model 3450 3 21 ep m j 3 Z ep wn gt DI m o Marshall Value Voidless Density Pairs To edit a density pair target press 4 New Pair at the Target menu The gauge displays the Pairs menu 1 V xxxx MA Xxxx 2 V xxxx MA xxxx 3 V xxxx MA xxxx 4 New Pair 5 Disable The Pairs menu shows the three stored sets of Marshall and voidless density value pairs and the New Pair and Disable options ENABLE A PAIR To enable a displayed Marshall value voidless density pair press the number key that corresponds to the desired pair on the Pairs menu The gauge enables the pair and returns to the Target menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key STORE A NEV PAIR To store a new target value press 4 New Pair at the Pairs menu The gauge displays Voidless Density Press ENTER Use the number keys to enter the voidless density value Press the ENTER key The gauge displays Marshall Value Press ENTER Use the
64. To overwrite the partial calibration press the YES key and go to page 6 18 To use the stored partial calibration press the NO key and select the other value To take measurements see page 6 18 To enter the true density see page 6 20 Model 3450 6 21 e TI T wo m wn go e gt Ww DI gt e zZ 7p Erase Thin Layer Special Calibrations At the Thin Lift Special menu shown on page 6 16 press 5 Erase The gauge displays SP CAL 1 Erase This Sp Cal 2 Erase ALL Sp Cal From this menu the operator can erase either a single thin layer special calibration or all thin layer special calibrations To erase a single thin layer special calibration use the arrow keys to scroll through the thin layer special calibrations names displayed on the first line When the gauge displays the thin layer special calibration to be erased press 1 At the re you Sure prompt press the YES key The gauge erases the thin layer special calibration and returns to the Ready screen To erase all thin layer special calibrations press 2 At the Are you sure display press the YES key The gauge erases all the thin layer special calibrations and returns to the Ready screen 6 22 A TROYLER APPENDIX A RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY This appendix is required reading for anyone who will use the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus This appendix covers topics related to radiation theory
65. a free of other nuclear gauges or radioactive sources Place the gauge on the reference standard block as shown in Figure 4 1 on page 4 3 To take a new stat test press 1 at the Stat Test menu The gauge prompts the operator to place the gauge on the reference standard block with the source rod in the SAFE shielded position Ensure that the gauge is properly positioned and press the ENTER key The gauge displays the progress of the stat test After taking the stat test the gauge displays the average counts and indicates if the test passed or failed If the stat test fails see page C 3 Press the ENTER key to return to the Stat Test menu or press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen REVIEWING THE STAT TEST To review the results of the last stat test press 2 at the Stat Test menu see page C 3 The gauge displays the results of the last stat test To scroll through the data use the arrow keys Press the ENTER key to return to the Stat Test menu or press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen PRINTING THE STAT TEST The operator can print or upload the results of the stat test to either a printer or a computer For details on setting up the printer see page 3 13 To print the results of the last stat test press 3 at the Stat Test menu see page C 3 The gauge prompts the operator to connect the printer to the gauge Connect the gauge to the printer or computer as described on page 5 7 Follow the g
66. abled VOIDS 100 x If a project is enabled see the Handling Project Data section on page 5 5 press the STORE key to store the measurement s To scroll through the results use the arrow keys Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key or press the START key to make another measurement v Lift the gauge from the test site using the source rod handle This returns the source rod to the SAFE position When not taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE position Cc 2 2 Q I m o gt Cc e m Model 3450 4 13 THIN LAYER MODE To measure the density of thin layer asphalt follow the steps below When taking counts after a core has been removed Troxler recommends averaging four one minute readings taken around the core site as shown in Figure 4 4 If no core has been removed place the gauge over the test site as shown in Figure 4 5 Y Select the Thin Layer mode see page 3 23 V When the Thin Layer mode is selected the gauge prompts the operator for the overlay thickness see page 3 23 To enter a new overlay thickness use the numeric keys and press the ENTER key when finished Y If desired enter or enable the Marshall value voidless density value or Marshall value voidless density pair see page 3 19 DIRECTION OF ROLLERS Figure 4 4 Gauge Positioned Around a Core Site
67. alues of certain common shielding materials are shown below for gamma and fast neutron radiation Cs 137 Gamma Am 241 Be Neutrons Half Value Layer Half Value Layer gt DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e I lt Lead does not provide any effective shielding of fast neutrons Model 3450 Appendix A 7 PERSONNEL MONITORING In the United States anyone working with or near radioactive materials is subject to occupational dose limits Individual monitoring of each authorized user is recommended in order to demonstrate compliance with these dose limits The most common types of individual monitoring devices used by licensees are film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD badges Film badges are typically exchanged and processed monthly due to concerns about film fading TLD badges are usually exchanged quarterly Troxler offers NVLAP certified personnel monitoring services using TLD badges In Canada nuclear gauge users are not normally classified as Atomic Radiation Workers In such cases the general public dose limit of 500 mrem year applies Users may not be required to wear a dosimeter To establish the personnel monitoring requirements for your application consult the conditions of your radioisotope license and the CNSC regulatory document R9 Monitoring and Dose Recording for the Individual SOURCE ENCAPSULATION The neutron Am 241 Be and photon Cs 137 source materials are welded inside stainle
68. and the gauge allowed to dry Use a hair dryer on low heat if necessary to remove any built up moisture If moisture continues to be a problem or debris is present inside the gauge base the gaskets or o ring may need replacing To replace the control panel gasket loosen the four captive screws that attach the control unit keypad to the top shell Carefully lift the control unit from the top shell and detach the ribbon cable Gently peel the old gasket from the panel and replace it with a new gasket Reconnect the ribbon cable and reinstall the control unit To replace the top shell base o ring remove the control unit as described above then remove the screws that hold the top shell to the gauge base Lift the top shell from the gauge base Remove the o ring from the gauge base Coat the replacement o ring with vacuum grease Install the new o ring in the groove on the base Replace the top shell and tighten the top shell screws The auxiliary panel gasket should never need to be replaced To replace this gasket remove the screws that hold the top shell to the gauge base Lift the top shell from the gauge base Remove the screws that secure the auxiliary gasket to the backing plate Gently peel the old gasket from the plate and replace it with a new gasket Re assemble the top shell and gauge base LEAK TESTING To ensure the integrity of the radioactive source encapsulation the Model 3450 must be periodically leak tested For instruct
69. atteries Return to the Gauge Setup menu by pressing the ENTER key Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key Model 3450 Appendix C 19 CHARGING To charge the NiCad batteries plug the charger into the round jack on the back of the gauge Plug the other end of the ac charger into a standard 110 V ac outlet For the international charger 220 V ac may be used For the European charger 100 240 V ac may be used The de adapter may be connected to any 12 14 V de source such as a vehicle s cigarette lighter To ensure a full charge charge the batteries for four hours After recharging the batteries unplug the charger from both the wall outlet and the gauge Store the charger for later use REPLACING THE BATTERIES To replace the alkaline batteries Turn the gauge off Loosen the four captive screws on the keypad assembly Carefully lift the keypad assembly from the gauge Unplug the ribbon cable from the keypad assembly Place the keypad assembly face down EE ET Remove the four screws from the 4 x 2 inch black cover on the back of the keypad assembly Set the screws aside a Remove the black cover Y Replace the batteries with six standard AA alkaline batteries three at a time to prevent data loss Y Replace the black cover Y Secure the black cover to the keypad assembly with the four screws v Plug the ribbon cable into the keypad assembly Y Attach the keypad assembly to the gauge with the four
70. auge operator at all times The company RSO is Call the RSO at The regulatory agency is Call the agency at If a gauge is damaged then follow the steps below 1 Locate the gauge and or sources 2 Do not touch or move the gauge 3 Immediately rope off an area around the nuclear gauge and or sources A radius of 15 ft 5 m is sufficient Do not leave the area unattended 4 Keep all unauthorized personnel from the nuclear gauge Appendix A 16 Troy ER 5 Ifa vehicle is involved it must be stopped until the extent of contamination if any can be established 6 The gauge user should perform a visual inspection of the nuclear gauge to determine if the source housing or shielding has been damaged 7 Use a survey meter such as the TroxAlert Survey Meter to measure the dose rate at a distance of one meter 3 ft from the gauge 8 Contact the company RSO name and number given at the beginning of this section Provide the RSO with the following The date time and location of the accident The gauge model and serial number The nature of the accident The location and condition of the gauge and or source 0 0 se The dose rate at 3 ft 1 m from the gauge 9 If you are unable to reach the RSO then call your regulatory agency name and number given at the beginning of this section 10 Follow the instructions of the RSO The RSO may need to report the incident to the regulatory agency The RSO may also
71. auge prompts to print the data The gauge prints or uploads the stat test data and returns to the Stat Test menu To return to the Ready screen press the ESC key Appendix C4 Troy ER Ta DRIFT TEST If the gauge passes the stat test but shows long term drift between measurements perform a drift test to check the long term drift of the gauge A drift test consists of five counts taken 3 to 8 hours after a Stat test with no movement of the gauge between tests The gauge sets the pass fail limits based on the percent difference between the average of the stat test and drift test results If the percent difference exceeds 0 5 percent for density counts or 1 percent for moisture counts then the drift test fails If the drift test fails ensure that the gauge setup and testing were conducted correctly and take an additional test If the second test fails call the nearest Troxler service center for assistance o D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le lo a 2 ep NOTE The drift test consists of five 4 minute count whereas the stat test consists of twenty 1 minute counts Therefore each test takes approximately twenty minutes to conduct DO NOT turn the gauge off between a stat test and a drift test The drift test should be taken in the same location as the stat test DO NOT move the gauge between the stat and drift tests to eliminate possible failure due to positioning changes To access the Drift Test menu press t
72. average and press the ENTER key Ready For Count 1 Of xx Place in BS Then gt o Q 7 72 m ro Ro 2 gt w Pej gt Press START O 7p With the source rod in the backscatter position begin the measurement by pressing the START key The gauge displays the progress After taking the reading the gauge displays the results and prompts the operator to accept or reject the results If the operator rejects the results the gauge retakes the measurement If the operator accepts the results the gauge continues to the next measurement Reposition the gauge and repeat the above procedure for each count see Figure 6 2 After taking all the readings the gauge displays Special Calib DC XXXXX XXXXX Press ENTER Model 3450 6 19 To enter the true densities now press 1 Input True Density and follow the gauge prompts to complete the calibration To enter the true density later create a partial calibration by pressing 2 Store Partial Calibration Entering the True Densities Return to Thin Special Calibration menu shown on page 6 18 Follow the gauge prompts to enter the core density Completing Thin Special Calibration After storing measured density and true density enter the desired Thin Special Calibration name METHOD 2 INPUT TRUE DENSITY FIRST If the operator chooses 2 Input True Density from the Thin Special Calibration menu shown on page 6 18 and the project was a part
73. bbon cable where it enters the left side of the control unit by pushing out on the two small latches at the baseboard connector On recent gauge revisions the cable is shielded and is secured to the control unit by a flat metal bracket Using a small Phillips screwdriver remove the two screws that hold the bracket 52 AXTROYLER Place the gauge base in a secure location where liquid and dirt cannot enter the gauge which could damage the baseboard assembly in the bottom of the gauge The gauge NiCad batteries can be charged with the control unit detached The control unit can now be operated independently of the gauge The control unit is fully functional except that it cannot take a measurement and cannot read the temperature sensor or perform diagnostics on the baseboard assembly e me JJ je a m O pal o gt par gt The 9 pin serial connector on the side of the control unit can be used to transfer data from the control unit in the same way that the serial connector on the rear of the gauge is used Take care not to touch or damage the baseboard connector on the side of the control unit as damage to the electronics could result Also the control unit should only be removed when the gauge is inside not outdoors so the control unit does not become wet or dirty while separated from the gauge Before returning the control unit to the gauge base turn off the control unit and disconnect the charger from the gauge
74. ce rod in the SAFE shielded position place the gauge on its side Y Clean the heads of the four corner screws that hold the bottom plate to the gauge base Figure A 3 Using a 1 8 in Allen wrench remove the four screws in the corner of the plate and remove the plate Do not remove the two screws located in the center of the plate that secure the fixed block to the plate Y To reduce radiological exposure stand to one side of the gauge Paying close attention to the position of the sliding block remove the block Y Using a stiff brush or rag soaked in alcohol clean the sliding block the fixed block mounted on the bottom plate and the cavity Y Re install the sliding block with the angled side up Apply a light coating of Magnalube G paste to the top angled surface of the sliding block and to the top surface of the fixed block Y Re install the bottom plate Do not over tighten screws Ensure that the source rod moves up and down freely 3450 GAUGE A Gi SLIDING Fe D MANE CAVITY NNN NT FIXED BLOCK LP FLAT HD lu SCREWS 4 BOTTOM PLATE Figure A 3 Cleaning the Sliding and Fixed Blocks LEAK TESTING The 3450 gauge contains two radioactive sources that must be periodically leak tested The purpose of leak testing is to verify the integrity of the source encapsulation Because the source capsules are not directly accessible to users the leak test is performed indirectly by testing
75. ce rod to be ata particular position and detects that it is not Solution Check source rod position to ensure it is at the proper position Recalibrate depth strip Call the nearest Troxler Service Center Model 3450 Appendix C 17 BATTERIES The Model 3450 is equipped with three sets of batteries one set of NiCad batteries pack of four Sub C batteries and two sets of AA alkaline batteries Each set of alkaline batteries contains three batteries All six alkaline batteries should be replaced together NOTE Do not remove the alkaline batteries for more than one hour Do not attempt to operate the gauge with the alkaline batteries removed Loss of all project setup and calibration data may result Change the NiCad and alkaline batteries separately to prevent data loss The primary batteries are the rechargeable NiCad batteries Under standard conditions fully charged NiCad batteries can power the gauge for about four weeks of average operation 150 one minute readings per week Standard conditions assume that the operator does not use the backlight or external beeper and that the sleep mode is set to 30 seconds The alkaline batteries provide backup for the NiCad batteries and RAM Under average operating conditions the six alkaline batteries should be replaced yearly When the NiCad batteries drop below 4 V the gauge switches to the alkaline batteries The operator can finish the day s measurements then recharge the Ni
76. ces the battery life The display backlight operates only from the charged NiCad batteries If the NiCad batteries are not charged or if the control unit is disconnected from the gauge the gauge uses the alkaline batteries and therefore the backlight will not operate To set up the backlight option press 5 LCD Backlight at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9 use the arrow keys to scroll to the LCD Backlight menu The gauge displays the four backlight modes as shown 1 Manual Only 2 After Count 3 After Keypress 4 After Key amp Count To use the backlight only when the LIGHT key is pressed select 1 To use the backlight after a count select 2 To use the backlight after a keypress select 3 To use the backlight after either a count or a keypress select 4 After the mode is selected the gauge displays Backlight Time On O Seconds Input Time and Press ENTER Using the number keys enter the time in seconds that the display is to remain backlit Press the ENTER key The gauge saves the backlight setup and returns to the Gauge Setup menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key NOTE The gauge also features a hardware adjustment for the display contrast If the gauge display is difficult to read in bright light adjust the contrast as described in the Display Contrast section on page C 27 3 16 AXTROYLER SLEEP MODE DISPLAY TIMEOUT SPECIAL KEY To conserve power the Model
77. ctivity is the curie Ci which is defined as 3 7 x 10 disintegrations per second The activities of the radioactive sources in nuclear gauges are so small that they are typically measured in millicuries mCi which is one thousandth of a curie or microcuries uCi which is one millionth of a curie In the Standard International SI or metric system the unit of activity is the becquerel Bq which equals one disintegration per second Because the becquerel is such an extremely small unit the activity of sources in nuclear gauges is normally expressed in megabecquerel MBq which is one million bequerals or gigabecquerel GBq which is one billion Bq The radioactivity of a source is not constant but decreases with time as the source decays The time it takes for one half of the original atoms to disintegrate is called the half life In successive half lives the activity decreases to 1 2 1 4 1 8 and so on of the initial value After seven half lives less than 1 of the original radioactive atoms remain Each radioisotope has a characteristic half life which can range from seconds to billions of years The half lives for the typical radioisotopes used in nuclear gauges are Radioisotope Half life Cs 137 30 years Am 241 432 years Model 3450 gt DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e DI lt Appendix A 3 TYPES OF RADIATION The radioactive sources in the Model 3450 produce four t
78. ctronic modules the rechargeable battery pack detectors and the radioactive sources The Reference Standard Block provides a measurement standard for standard counts It is also used during stability and drift tests The Drill Rod is used to drill holes for direct transmission measurements Do not use the source rod of the gauge to drill holes The Scraper Plate Drill Rod Guide is used to prepare the test site and to guide the drill rod when preparing the source rod hole for direct transmission measurements The Extraction Tool provides leverage to remove the drill rod from soil materials The AC Charger and DC Adapter are used to charge the gauge batteries The ac charger accepts 110 220 and European optional V ac 50 60 Hz and supplies 12 V dc The de adapter allows recharging from an automobile cigarette lighter The Transport Case for the Model 3450 is a Type A package Always use a Type A package to ship the Model 3450 The Manual details how to use the gauge Both the manual and the Transportation Guide discuss radiation safety and gauge shipping concerns A Printer optional not shown connects to the gauge for printing data A Printer Cable optional not shown is used to connect the gauge to a serial printer or computer Model 3450 1 5 _ pa fr D fe U Cc O e 2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Troxler recommends that the operator wear a dosimeter while working with the gauge Upon receipt of t
79. ded to the computer and follow the instructions in Chapter 5 to print the data to the computer The project data will be displayed in the Troxler Data HyperTerminal window as it is uploaded When the data transmission is complete select Transfer from the toolbar Then select Capture Text and Stop from the dropdown submenu Exit the HyperTerminal program VIEWING PROJECT DATA After project data has been printed uploaded to the computer the txt file can be viewed using Microsoft Notepad or a word processing program such as Microsoft Word The data can also be imported into an Excel spreadsheet which can then be used to manipulate and manage the data To import the data into an Excel spreadsheet 1 Open the Excel program 2 From the Excel toolbar click Data then select Get External Data and Import Text File The Import Text File window is displayed 3 Select the file that was saved when data was downloaded using the Hyperterminal program then click Import The Text Import Wizard is displayed x V ES a Z ep v JD O a m O pull gt 4 gt 4 Instep 1 of the Text Import Wizard check the Delimited radio button then click Next In step 2 of the wizard select only the Comma checkbox then click Next In step 3 select the General radio button then click Finish The Import Data window is displayed 5 Check the Existing worksheet radio button then click OK to import the data Model
80. del 3450 Appendix C 11 GAUGE TURNS OFF AFTER IT IS TURNED ON Y To conserve power the Model 3450 provides a sleep mode see page 3 17 To turn the display on in the sleep mode press any key The gauge may be wet Do not turn the gauge on until moisture is removed from gauge interior Component damage may result If the gauge is wet dry the gauge interior with hair dryer on low heat for 3 hours Replace the alkaline batteries If the rechargeable battery is below 4 volts recharge or replace the batteries see page C 20 The scaler control unit may be defective To test replace the suspect scaler with a good scaler SHORT BATTERY LIFE AFTER RECHARGING Y NiCad batteries may be charged up to 100 or 500 or more full charge discharge cycles The batteries may be reaching the end of their life cycle and should be replaced Charger adapter may not be supplying full charge check the ac outlet and the de output 12 V dc using a voltmeter on the proper setting Check that you are using the correct charger Remove any loose screws or foreign objects from the gauge interior that may cause an electrical short to ground The ac charger may be defective To check use the de adapter to charge the batteries Appendix C 12 Troy ER SATISFACTORY COUNTS BUT RESULTS ARE IN ERROR Y Ensure that the measurement depth displayed by the gauge corresponds to the actual source rod depth Y Check that the calibration con
81. des instructions for conducting daily gauge inspections turning the gauge on and setting up the gauge CONTENTS Model 3450 Illustration eevrerrerorrroneronrrsnvnenvnrnvnnnvensvenenenenenenseee Keypad ni A AAA eee ase hates Source Rod Positions ctricos irnos Daily Inspection eiii aia Turning the Gauge On eseernvorvrarvrarerrseverenrnsnersnvnsnvevnenenenenrasvreser o SEP kusk mn kes gt Current Status Special Key oonoonnncnnoconocinocanoconaccnanncnnncnnnos o Gauge Setup Special Key oonoconoccnocccoccconnconccnancnononnnannnonns 3 10 Time Date Special Key ronvronvronvvrnvvnnvnrnvnrrrervresvrsvenseenn 3 11 Es Printer Special Key rmonrnnvronronrnnnvenrorrnrrnrnnenseerarnennvrersenee 3 13 pr Depth Indicator Special Key ooononnccnncnincnnocinocononcnnnaconacnn 3 14 Beeper Level Special Key ooooonnccnoccnoccconccnocanacnnanconnnonnnoo 3 15 Display Backlight sgen tae 3 15 Sleep Mode Display Timeout Special Key eee 3 17 Battery Status Special Key oooonoconincnnocinocinoconaccconcnnnacanann 3 17 Set Units Special Key ooonoconnccncnioconoccconoconaconacanncanncnnnannss 3 18 Customer Name Special Key ooooonnccnnncnnocinoconocononcnnnacananns 3 18 Count Time tii eri 3 19 O 3 19 Measurement Moden ssrin eia iee 3 23 QA Sampling Special Key rrrnronnrnronnvnerrrvrrnrrvennrneenvnneenr 3 24 Number Averages Special Key 3 26 Air Voids Special Key r
82. described below check the operation of the sliding block by pushing the source rod into the backscatter position then returning it to the SAFE position You should hear a click as the sliding block snaps shut Inspect the opening on the base of the gauge to confirm that the sliding block is closed If not check that the sliding block spring was properly installed after cleaning If the sliding block still does not close properly immediately contact the nearest Troxler Service Center A WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is closed Increased radiation levels may violate transportation regulations and may cause excessive personnel radiation exposure The tungsten sliding block and the fixed tungsten block may require cleaning if the source rod becomes difficult to lower into the measure position or if a click is not heard when the source rod is raised to the SAFE shielded position An improperly operating sliding block may also result in erratic or incorrect density readings and increased radiation levels A WARNING Removal of the sliding block results in dose rates of up to one rem per hour in the path of the beam Stand clear of the gauge bottom while performing this procedure and proceed as quickly as possible while working in the cavity to minimize exposure to your extremities Model 3450 Appendix A 11 DI gt z gt e 2 4 I m e I lt Y With the sour
83. devices ionization can be detected and measured at levels far below those that significantly affect health For purposes of radiation protection the basic unit of radiation dose is the rem The SI unit is the sievert Sv where 1 Sv 100 rem The rem is a relatively large unit so often radiation dose is expressed in smaller units called millirem mrem where 1 rem 1000 mrem The risk of injury from radiation is generally related to the total radiation dose received over a period of time It is also related to the dose rate which is the amount of dose received per unit time The same amount of radiation received over a long period months to years is much less hazardous than if received over a very short period hours This has to do with the body s ability to repair cell damage caused by the radiation gt DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e I lt The U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC has established the following limits on the amount of whole body radiation exposure that individuals may safely receive from licensed radioactive materials Type of Individual Dose Limit Adult worker 5000 mrem per year Minor under 18 years old 500 mrem per year Member of the public 100 mrem per year Model 3450 Appendix A 5 LIMITING EXPOSURE Under average conditions an individual working with the 3450 gauge will receive less than 200 millirem per year A basic principle of radiation protec
84. e depth strip on the source rod to determine the source rod depth Note that the Proctor value is based on soil particles 3 8 inches or less in diameter or those passing a 4 sieve If an unusual reading is obtained and oversize particles are suspected rotate the gauge 90 Use the same drill hole to take a second reading 4 10 A TROYLER NOTE Prior to countdown the gauge may display Please Wait for five seconds This occurs if the baseboard electronics require warmup prior to starting the measurement v The gauge will display the time remaining while taking a measurement v After the count time the gauge displays the measurement results NOTE This is one of three screens that may appear depending on the previous selections APR XXXXX DD xxxxx pcf WD xxxxx pcf M XXXXX M where PR percent Proctor DD dry density WD wet density M moisture M percent moisture If a project is enabled see the Handling Project Data section on page 5 5 press the STORE key to store the measurements To scroll through the results use the arrow keys Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key or press the START key to make another measurement v Lift the gauge from the test site by the source rod handle This returns the source rod to the SAFE position When not taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE position Cc 2 Z Q I m Q gt a Q m Model 3450 4 11
85. e B 6 Mechanical Specifications ee eeeeeeseeereeeseceeceeeeseeeseeeeneeeaee B 8 APPENDIX C TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE Stat Testi in C 3 Dritt Testuaniacisia kara C 5 Source MECA ii tata C 8 Troubleshooting soneron atan nE e Ee eE e 9 Bates sere STR C 18 Mechanical Maintenance ssasonannvvnnvvnnnvnrnvnrnvnnnrnrvraserssensssnseneee C 22 Leak Testing ss aise det stele itera ahs C 25 Display Contrato nine C 27 Replacement Parts ieioea seara ies C 28 Returning the Gauge for Service oooconconnnnnnocnnonononcnononnoconacnnacnno C 30 APPENDIX D TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING U S Shipping Requirements ccooccccconcconocaconnononononnnacnnnnccnnnccnanen nn D 2 Canadian Shipping Requirements eernrrronnrnronnnrrrrrvsnnrvennrnsenrnsernn D 4 APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION Measurement Units anciana F 2 Radiological Units cc tes digest cove ate drain ed tae eee F 2 APPENDIX G SPECIAL EUROPEAN CONSIDERATIONS Declaration of Conformity esvornvvnrnrnvnrnrvrnreravenrnsnensnenenvnsnvennvene G2 Safety Warminess a statis caihen ne nah a a r aes G 3 APPENDIX H PRINTING UPLOADING PROJECT DATA Windows Hyperterminal cece cesecsseceseceseceeeeeseesseeeseeeeneeeaes H 2 Viewing Project Data 0 sate ccnie invents ida ceci H 5 INDEX WARRANTY gi AXTROYLER Figure LIST OF FIGURES Title Page Model 3450 Parts and Accessories 14 Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement 24 Model
86. e ete eren a na iee 4 11 4 13 Target yalen ar eri tonere oe eeo a EN 3 21 STORE Key air R RERE 3 3 5 10 T Taking measurements 2x ce hgscbesasgelesestsesteosstsdereosceacenascedateaveecse 4 9 TARGET Keys kateter fastnett ete Ae 3 3 Target vall ii ener eine olen anh eet eae ls 3 19 REMpPCratureves sc cciscicesdectsteiee ts ai B 8 Test Dritt ce Leto eel eee nse eR AR C 5 Peaks harasses td soda JG C 25 SIE preparatie is ssecsbiehs sects rdsgerbed rising 4 6 Md tad the eee eines C 3 THEORY A SINN 2 1 DOS ni A adas 2 2 MOISTEN E AEE a A SRE 2 3 OTTSCE AR A E EA 2 6 RAIN iisen nna a ele Ree eee A 2 Special c libr tion un snene niani i eii 2 6 IUEN E EA tia 2 5 Thermahzati oleon iiron a eE EN EA nd 2 3 Thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD rrnnrrrnnnnnrvrrnrnnrverennrrerrennr A 8 THICKNESS Ke pute Aker Annine he 3 3 MA Gantkrnlustiknassdker 2 5 Mode Setup insider ising heen nh eee ete eee 3 23 Mode specifications ssrrnvnnnvvnvnvnenrnrnrnrvrarerasenasevensnvnenvesnvennnee B4 Special calibratiOns 2 a siccessisisievencsedacesseteect ese easctaateanedeaeneee 6 16 Taking measurement cee eeeessecsseceseceeceeceeceteeeseeeseeeses 4 14 Time tratada edd bles 3 11 Counties A Serkin 3 19 A O TIE 3 12 TIME Yidis 3 3 3 19 Index 10 Troy ED a HAZ A A dan eames apa ee eee D 3 ITA POT Cir iris 1 5 B 8 B 5 Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations TPRM cicsia cescccdedacestetescnceteses EE ias D
87. e or asphalt layers of 4 inches or greater Select the Thin Layer mode when measuring thin layer asphalt of less than 4 inches Use the number keys to select the mode Model 3450 3 23 If the Thin Layer mode is selected the gauge prompts for the overlay thickness Use the number keys to enter the overlay thickness and press the ENTER key The gauge enables the selected measurement mode and returns to the Ready display QA SAMPLING SPECIAL KEY The QA Sampling function generates random sample locations Using random sample locations helps ensure fair and representative quality assurance sampling The gauge bases the QA sample locations on the operator input for average sample separation and total number of samples The average sample separation is the average distance between QA samples For example if the QA protocol requires a sample every 500 feet on a 2000 foot strip the samples will be randomly separated and the number of samples will be four The first location will be a randomly selected value between 1 and 500 the second between 501 and 1000 the third between 1001 and 1500 and the fourth between 1501 and 2000 After the gauge generates the sample locations the operator can view or print the locations as a guide for QA testing To access the QA Sampling menu press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu access the Special Operation menu by pressing 1 At the Special Operation menu press 5 QA Sampling
88. e screws that secure the control unit to the top shell Lift the control unit out of the gauge and disconnect the ribbon cable Y Using a 9 64 inch Allen wrench remove the six screws that hold the top shell to the gauge base Y Clean the screws and set them aside Y Carefully remove the gauge top shell and slide it up out of the way To keep it out of the way tie the top shell to the handle Y To catch any grease place a rag or cloth under the vent valve located below the grease fitting on the source rod tower Y Using a standard 16 0z grease gun loaded with a Magnalube G cartridge apply five shots of lubricant or until all dirty grease is ejected from the vent valve and clean grease is visible NOTE The vent valve was not installed on earlier gauges Instead an Allen head screw was located below the grease fitting On these gauges remove the Allen head screw before applying lubricant to allow the old grease to be ejected Failure to remove this screw may result in severe mechanical damage to the base assembly Y Re assemble the gauge Model 3450 Appendix C 23 REPLACING GASKETS The Model 3450 employs two gaskets and an o ring to protect its electronics from moisture dirt and debris However if the gauge has been exposed to extremely wet weather or high humidity or if the gauge was used in the cold and stored in a warm building condensation may form inside the gauge If this happens the top shell should be removed
89. ective European countries shall use a proper IEC input cord to the European charger specified by local laws and practices Do not throw batteries into fires There is a risk of explosion Use caution when lifting moving and or carrying the gauge it is heavy See Appendix A for radiation safety instructions Model 3450 Appendix G 3 o m D e a m gt 2 c D m hv 7 NOTES Appendix G 4 A TROYLER APPENDIX H PRINTING UPLOADING PROJECT DATA Current versions of Microsoft Windows Windows 95 and later include a HyperTerminal communications program that can be used T to transfer project data from the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus to a v computer This appendix provides instructions on using the 2 HyperTerminal program to print upload data from the gauge m 3 CONTENTS m 9 Windows Hyperterminal enrnrornrronnrnvonnrneenrnnrrrrvennrnsennnneensnsennne H 2 gt HyperTerminal Setup oronrronvnonvvrnvnnnnvnvnvnvnrnnnrnseraserssensesnne H 2 Es Equipment Connection asnrnnnvnnnvnvnvnrnrarvraserasensnsnensnvnsnvennnee H 3 Printing Uploading Project Data orrnvnrnrnrnrnrvrnrvnrvenrrnnne H 3 Viewing Project Data sennronnnonvronvrsnvrnnvvnnvvnenvnenenrvraserasenssenresnee H 5 Model 3450 Appendix H 1 WINDOWS HYPERTERMINAL To print upload data from the gauge to a computer equipped with a Microsoft Windows operating system use the HyperTer
90. ed to as TROXLER warrants this instrument Model 3450 Serial Number against defects in material and workmanship for a period of 18 months from date of shipment For gauges sold through authorized TROXLER representatives the date of shipment will be as of the transfer from representative to purchaser During the applicable warranty period TROXLER s obligation under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the repair at no charge except for shipping to and from TROXLER S plant of any instrument which may prove defective under normal use and which TROXLER s examination shall disclose to its satisfaction to be thus defective Normal use is defined for the purpose of this warranty as operation under normal load usage and conditions with proper care and maintenance and competent supervision In no event shall TROXLER be held liable for damages delays or losses consequential incidental or otherwise attributable to the failure of this instrument or radioactive material contained therein TROXLER s liability being specifically limited to repair as stated hereinabove This warranty is automatically initiated except where modified by contractual or other written and signed agreement THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF AND THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND TROXLER NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANYONE TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY I
91. ee page C 5 The gauge displays the results of the last drift test To scroll through the data use the arrow keys Press the ENTER key to return to the Drift Test menu or press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen Appendix C 6 A TROYLER PRINTING THE DRIFT TEST The operator can print or upload the results of the drift test to either a printer or a computer For details on setting up the printer see page 3 13 To print the results of the last drift test press 3 at the Drift Test menu see page C 5 The gauge prompts the operator to connect the printer to the gauge Connect the gauge to the printer or computer as described on page 5 7 Follow the gauge prompts to print the data o D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le lo 3 2 e The gauge prints the drift test data and returns to the Drift Test menu To return to the Ready screen press the ESC key Model 3450 Appendix C 7 SOURCE DECAY The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity or rate of decay This activity decreases with time The length of time it takes a given amount of radioactive material to decay to half of its original strength is referred to as the half life The half life of the Am 241 Be source is 432 years The half life of the Cs 137 source is 30 years The Source Decay feature allows the operator to view how the decrease in the radiation intensity of the source affects gauge measurements It displays the act
92. ers three measurement modes Soil Asphalt and Thin Layer TIME Select the count time THICKNESS Enter the surface lift thickness when measuring in the Thin Layer mode STANDARD Take a standard count or view existing standard counts CE Clear the last data entered or if no data was entered returns to the Ready screen Model 3450 3 3 GALYVLS ONILLAD PROJECT Select or create a project file and view print or erase project data file Table 3 1 Model 3450 Keypad Functions Continued NO Respond no to yes no questions enter Accept data eny O OOOO A 2 Enter letters or a space Access these keys by first SPACE pressing SHIFT TROXLER 3450 RoadReader Plus O Moisture Density Gauge A PROJECT fl SPECIAL F STORE RECALL L TARGET OFFSET W THICKNESS fi STANDARD Figure 3 2 Model 3450 Keypad AXTROYLER SOURCE ROD POSITIONS As shown in Figure 3 3 the source rod can be placed in the SAFE backscatter or direct transmission positions When not taking measurements keep the source rod in the SAFE position When measuring thin layer or other materials through which you cannot drill a hole use the backscatter position In the direct transmission positions the source rod extends into a pre drilled hole AN NOTE The source rod should always be in the SAFE position when the gauge is not in use
93. es oonocnoccnococonaconaconaconanona nono non nono nccnnanns C 29 Returning the Gauge for Service ssrrnnvnrnvnvnvnrrervrarersvensrenseenne C 30 pe ja ga STAT TEST Erratic readings or readings that seem to fluctuate may indicate a problem with the gauge If the readings are suspect perform a stat test or statistical stability test to validate the normal operation of the gauge o I le Cc Ww rr m 72 x le lo 3 2 ep A stat test consists of 20 one minute counts From the 20 counts the gauge calculates the standard deviation This standard deviation is compared to a theoretical standard deviation value Ideally this ratio should be 0 354 with acceptable limits from 0 225 to 0 465 The gauge is considered unstable if the ratio is outside these limits and the stat test will fail If the stat test fails ensure that the gauge setup and testing was conducted correctly and take an additional test If the second test fails call the nearest Troxler service center for assistance To access the Stat Test menu press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu access the Gauge Status Test menu by pressing 2 At the Gauge Status Test menu press 2 The gauge displays the Stat Test menu 1 Take STAT Test 2 Review STAT Test 3 Print STAT Data Press ESC To Exit The following text provides details on the stat test function Model 3450 Appendix C 3 TAKING A STAT TEST Choose an are
94. essing 3 Trench TMO xxxx TDO XXXX XXXX 1 Enable 2 Disable Ei Offset I e TI v1 72 m wn go e gt Ww JI gt e 2 7p The gauge displays the current trench offset values To enable the offset press 1 To disable the offset press 2 To create a new trench offset press 3 The gauge displays Set Rod to STD Pos Press START For 1 Minute STD Count In Trench Select a position inside the trench and the same distance from the wall as the test measurements Place the gauge on the standard block in this position Press the START key Model 3450 6 9 The gauge displays the progress of the standard count operation After the standard count the gauge displays New Trench Offset TMO xxxx TDO XXXX XXXX Want To Accept To enable the new trench offset press the YES key To create another trench offset press the NO key and repeat 6 10 A TROYLER SPECIAL CALIBRATION The Special Calibration features allow the operator to recalibrate Model 3450 soil and thin layer readings Special calibrations are specific for the test material and measurement depth The gauge can store four density special calibrations and four thin layer special calibrations NOTE When turned off the gauge disables all special calibrations and offsets Before performing a special calibration 1 Prepare the sample area for testing as described in Chapter 4 2 Take gauge measurements
95. for 1 Embankments 2 Pipe Backfill Enter pipe size 3 Subgrade 4 Abut Backfill 5 Retaining Wall 6 Rockfill Dir Lane Elevation above original ground Elevation below finished grade Method of compaction 1 Sheepsfoot 2 Tamper 5 12 AXTROYLER 3 Vib Sheepsfoot 4 Vibratory Roller 5 Static Roller Density required Full Store Prompts Soil Mode Stone e me JJ je a m O pal o gt par gt Station Number Relative position 2 Stone Lift Number Thickness Test for 1 Plain aggregate 2 Cement stone Dir Lane Elevation above original ground Elevation below finished grade Method of compaction 1 Steel Wheel Stat 2 Steel Wheel Vib 3 Rubber Tire 4 Rubber Tire Vib Full Store Prompts Asphalt Thin Lift Mode Station Number L R Of Center Line Lift Number Thickness Test for 1 Surface Mix 2 Intermediate Mix 3 Base Mix Dir Lane Elevation above original ground Elevation below finished grade Method of compaction 1 Steel Wheel Stat 2 Steel Wheel Vib 3 Rubber Tire 4 3 Wheel Model 3450 5 13 Enabling Full Store To enable the Full Store feature press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 3 to access the Memory Function menu At the Memory Function menu press 3 The gauge displays the status of the Full Store feature on the first line Full Store DISABLED
96. g the measurement mode and taking measurements CONTENTS Taking a Standard Count s eenrernrerernrenrnevrnsnvnennnsnvnrnvensvensnenenenenseee 4 2 Preparing Test SHe cosida pidan 4 6 SOUS min instado da 4 6 Asphalt Sites la 4 8 Taking Measurements ennnrnrnrvrrrerrvenenenvnsnvnenvnrnvnnnvennvenenenenenenseee 49 SOM MOde s1dres uten ir eden 4 10 Asphalt Modera iaa 4 12 Thin Layer Modena ade A S 4 14 Model 3450 4 1 Cc 2 2 Q I m o gt Cc e m TAKING A STANDARD COUNT To adjust readings for source decay see Appendix A and natural background radiation take a daily standard count A four minute daily standard count helps ensure the highest measurement accuracy Locate the reference standard block shipped with the gauge Always take standard counts using the reference standard block Choose a standard count site The standard count site should be Dry and flat At least 3 meters 10 ft from any large vertical surface At least 10 meters 33 ft from any other radioactive source e On asphalt concrete or compacted soil at least 10 centimeters 4 in thick Turn the gauge on At the Ready display press the STANDARD key The gauge displays the last standard counts for density DS and moisture MS XXXX XXXX XXXX Take new count View counts To take a new standard count press 1 To view the last four standard counts press 2 and scroll through the counts by p
97. gauge components near the capsules for contamination Unless specified otherwise by your radioactive material license the 3450 gauge must be leak tested at intervals not exceeding 12 months to verify the integrity of the radioactive sources contained in the gauge In the United States leak tests may only be performed by an organization licensed to provide leak test kits to licensees and to analyze leak test samples To perform a leak test use the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit PN 102868 and accompanying instructions to perform the following procedure Y Write the gauge model and serial number on the wipe disk Y Ensure that the source rod is latched in the SAFE shielded position Y Loosen the four captive screws that secure the control unit and remove the control unit from the gauge Figure A4 v Look into the interior of the gauge and locate the baseboard assembly attached to the gauge base The baseboard assembly consists of printed circuit PC boards in an aluminum housing gt DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e I lt Y Holding the wipe disk with the tongs wipe the gauge base and aluminum housing in front of and behind the baseboard in the middle of the gauge approximately halfway between the source rod and the right hand side of the gauge v Return the control unit to the gauge and tighten the four captive screws Y Turn the gauge on its side and locate the opening on the bottom of the gauge thr
98. ge A potential hazard does exist if improperly used Appendices A and D which cover radiological safety should be required reading for all users and potential users If these appendices are not completely understood users should seek assistance from Troxler an appointed Troxler representative or others designated within the user s organization Additional radiation safety information is available by attending a Troxler Nuclear Gauge Training Course Before operating the 3450 gauge users in European countries must refer to Appendix G for special considerations additional safety warnings and the Declaration of Conformity Since changes are made to local state and federal regulations on a continuing basis the owner operator must maintain awareness of current requirements The responsibility for compliance ultimately falls on the owner An owner in the United States may also wish to purchase and subscribe to Titles 10 and 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations CFR in addition to applicable local state regulations Model 3450 1 3 GAUGE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES TRANSPORT CASE SCRAPER PLATE DRILL ROD GUIDE REFERENCE Z STANDARD N ou BLOCK Co C E om Sar gt DC ADAPTER ER EXTRACTION TOOL OPERATOR S MANUAL AND SOURCE CERTIFICATE AND TRANSPORTATION GUIDE QUICK REFERENCE CARD Figure 1 1 Model 3450 Parts and Accessories 1 4 TROXLER 10 The Gauge is the portable instrument containing all ele
99. h a cloth soaked in WD 40 see note below The WD 40 should remove the remaining debris CAUTION WD 40 can damage the keypad Do not allow WD 40 to come in contact with the keypad The keypad may be cleaned using a mild soap such as 4097 or FantasticTM followed by clean water The 3450 gauge top shell is manufactured from an engineering thermoplastic designed specifically to provide high impact strength and to offer excellent compatibility with many industrial solvents and petro chemicals The top shell may be cleaned with mild low alkaline soap and water Other approved cleaning substances include methyl isopropyl or isobutyl alcohols A cloth dampened with kerosene or diesel fuel may be used to remove heavy soils Avoid prolonged exposure and do not soak CAUTION The use of any unapproved cleaning agents such as methyl ethyl ketones amines and methylene chloride will damage the top shell and void the warranty Appendix C 22 TROYLER LUBRICATING THE SOURCE ROD If the source rod does not slide up and down freely the source rod bearing may require lubrication CAUTION EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Do not operate the control unit separate from the o D oO Cc Ww F m 7p x le lo a 2 ep base Doing so will result in non compliance with EMC directive Call your Troxler representative for additional information Y Remove the control unit from the gauge by loosening the four captiv
100. hange Format Change Format 1 Change Time Format 2 Change Date Format Change the time format a m p m or 24 hours by pressing 1 and selecting the format Change the date format mm dd yyyy or dd mm yyyy by pressing 2 and selecting the format The gauge changes the display format and returns to the Time Date screen To return to the Gauge Setup menu press the ENTER key Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key 3 12 AXTROYLER PRINTER SPECIAL KEY The Printer Set Up feature allows the operator to set up the gauge to communicate with an RS 232C serial device such as a printer or computer See Chapter 5 and Appendix C for information on how to print data To access the Printer Set Up feature press 2 Print Set Up at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9 Serial Port Set Up 1 32 Column 2 Spreadsheet Using the number keys select a menu option The 32 column option presents information in a non delimited narrative format The spreadsheet format creates comma delimited output After the serial port setup is selected the gauge prompts the operator for the communication protocol To select a protocol use the number keys After the protocol is selected the gauge displays Baud Rate 9600 1 300 4 2400 2 600 5 4800 3 1200 6 9600 e m 3 Z ep wn gt DI m o The gauge displays the current baud rate setting on the first line To select a baud rate use t
101. he SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu access the Gauge Status Test menu by pressing 2 At the Gauge Status Test menu press 3 The gauge displays the Drift Test menu 1 Take Drift Test 2 Review Drift Test 3 Print Drift Data Press ESC To Exit The following text provides details on the drift test Model 3450 Appendix C 5 TAKING A DRIFT TEST With the gauge still in an area free of other nuclear gauges or radioactive sources and on the reference standard block press 1 at the Drift Test menu shown above NOTE If it has been less than four hours or more than eight hours since the last stat test then the gauge allows the operator to exit the drift test To exit and take another stat test press the YES key at the prompt To continue with the drift test press the NO key at the prompt The gauge prompts the operator to place the gauge on the reference standard block with the source rod in the SAFE shielded position Ensure that the gauge is positioned properly and press the ENTER key The gauge displays the progress of the drift test After taking the drift test the gauge displays the average counts and indicates if the test passed or failed If it fails see page C 3 for instructions Press the ENTER key to return to the Drift Test menu or press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen REVIEWING THE DRIFT TEST To review the results of the last drift test press 2 at the Drift Test menu s
102. he corresponding number key The gauge changes the baud rate and returns to the Gauge Setup menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key To connect the gauge to a serial printer unscrew the cover from the 9 pin serial port on the back of the gauge Connect a serial printer cable to the gauge serial port Connect the serial printer cable to the printer or computer serial port Serial data can also be sent with the control unit separated from the gauge base Refer to the Separating the Control Unit section on page 5 2 Model 3450 3 13 DEPTH INDICATOR SPECIAL KEY The Depth Indicator feature allows the operator to set the depth mode and to calibrate the depth indicator The depth mode tells the gauge how it will receive data about the source rod depth The Model 3450 offers two depth modes automatic and manual In the automatic mode the gauge software reads a depth strip on the index rod to determine the source rod depth In the manual mode the operator enters the source rod depth at a gauge prompt whenever taking a measurement To access the Depth Indicator menu press 3 at the Gauge Setup menu shown on page 3 9 Depth Indicator 1 Automatic 2 Manual 3 Calibrate Depth To select a depth mode press either 1 Automatic or 2 Manual To calibrate the depth strip press 3 Calibrate Depth After the depth mode is selected the gauge sets the mode and returns to the Gauge Setup menu To return to
103. he gauge from the factory perform a complete inspection and inventory If the shipping case and or any other part or accessory appears damaged notify the carrier and your Troxler Representative immediately For shipping to another location or back to the factory save the box and any packing material For shipping instructions and regulations please see Appendix D Check the shipping case for the following Model 3450 Gauge Reference Standard Block Drill Rod Scraper Plate Drill Rod Guide Extraction Tool AC Charger DC Adapter for a vehicle cigarette lighter Manual of Operation and Instruction Gauge Warranty Source Certificate ef fF gt gt gt H H o HE Transportation Guide This guide refers to U S standards All other countries please refer to local regulations In the absence of local regulations please use this guide as a reference only NOTE Charge the batteries for four hours prior to initial use Lift the gauge from the transport case and inspect the outside surface for damage Check the lock on the source rod handle and make sure the keys fit Remove the lock release the trigger and check the source rod operation It should move up and down with little effort Return the gauge to the transport case 16 AXTROYLER CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF OPERATION This chapter provides a brief description of the theory of operation of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus The direct transmission and
104. he gauge returns to the QA Sampling menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key NUMBER AVERAGES SPECIAL KEY The Number Averages function allows averaging of up to nine readings from a single test location when testing thin layer asphalt This function is used only when the gauge is measuring in thin layer mode When the gauge is using this function it automatically prompts for repositioning of the gauge from a test location and begins another measurement After all measurements have been completed the gauge calculates the average density of the test material When taking counts on thin layer asphalt Troxler recommends averaging four one minute readings see the Thin Layer Mode section on page 4 14 To access the Number Averages function press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu access the Special Operations menu by pressing 1 At the Special Operation menu press 3 Number Averages The gauge displays Input Number Of Thin Lift Averages Then Press ENTER Enter the desired number of readings 1 through 9 for the gauge to average Press the ENTER key The gauge sets the number of readings and returns to the Ready screen 3 26 AXTROYLER AIR VOIDS SPECIAL KEY The gauge uses the specific gravity of the material to calculate percent air voids and void ratio in soil mode only The Air Voids feature allows the operator to enter the specific gravity of a material and disable or enable t
105. he percent air voids display NOTE To display percent air voids in asphalt or thin layer mode enter a voidless density target value see the Target section that begins on page 3 19 To access the Air Voids feature press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu access special operations by pressing 1 At the Special Operation menu access percent air voids by pressing 4 The gauge displays the Air Voids menu Air Voids On 1 Change Spec Grav 2 Enable SG 2 70 3 Disable The current specific gravity default 2 70 is shown on the third line To either enable an existing specific gravity or enter a new one press 2 at the Air Voids menu The gauge prompts the operator for a new specific gravity If the displayed specific gravity is acceptable press the ENTER key To change the specific gravity use the numeric keys to do so then press the ENTER key In either case the gauge enables the percent air voids display and returns to the Ready screen ep m j 3 Z ep wn par gt DI m o To disable the percent air voids display press 3 at the Air Voids menu The gauge disables the percent air voids display and returns to the Ready screen Model 3450 3 27 NOTES 3 28 A TROYLER CHAPTER 4 USING THE GAUGE This chapter explains the basic use of the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus Basic use includes taking the daily standard count preparing measurement sites settin
106. ial Calibration To disable the last enabled special calibration press 2 at the Special Calibration menu The gauge disables the last enabled special calibration and returns to the Ready screen View a Special Calibration Use the arrow keys to scroll through the special calibrations When the gauge displays the desired special calibration press 3 The gauge displays SP CAL Your Calib Depth xxx in B Val xxxxxx Press ENTER The gauge displays the special calibration name depth and B value To return to the Special Calibration menu press the ENTER key Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key 6 12 AXTROYLER Create a Special Calibration To create a special calibration the operator must take readings with the gauge and enter the true density The Model 3450 can store one partial calibration A partial calibration allows the operator to enter the true density or take readings at different times To create a special calibration press 4 at the Special Calibration menu see page 6 11 Special Calibration 1 Measure Density 2 Input True Density If a partial calibration was saved earlier the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before see page 6 15 To take readings for the special calibration press 1 and see Measuring the Density below To enter the true density press 2 and see Entering True Density on page 6 14 e 7 1 72 m wn go O gt Ww o
107. ial calibration the gauge displays Input Core Density xxxx kg m3 Press ENTER Use the number keys to input the core density and press the ENTER key to go the next screen If the project was not a partial calibration the gauge will skip the Input Core Density screen and go directly to the following screen Thin Special Calib 1 Measure Density 2 Store Partial Calibration To measure the density later create a partial calibration by pressing 2 To measure the density now press 1 Prepare the test site as described on page 4 6 Place the gauge on the test site and position the source rod in the measurement position 6 20 AXTROYLER The gauge displays Input Number of Thin Lift Averages 265920 Then Press ENTER Enter the number of measurements the gauge is to average Press the ENTER key Ready For Count 1 Of xx Place in BS Then Press START With the source rod in the backscatter position begin the measurement by pressing the START key The gauge displays the progress After taking the reading the gauge displays the results To continue press the ENTER key Follow the gauge prompts to complete the calibration Edit a Partial Thin Layer Special Calibration If a partial calibration was saved earlier the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before Select the value to be completed If the value already entered is selected the gauge prompts the operator to overwrite
108. ions on performing the leak test see page A 13 9 D fe Cc Ww m 72 x le lo 3 2 e LEAK TEST DATE The Leak Test function allows the operator to enter the date of the last leak test The gauge alerts the operator if the leak test interval has been exceeded By default the leak test interval is set to six months as required by U S regulations In countries outside of the United States the time required between leak tests may vary from six months to three years Check local regulations then refer to page C 26 for instructions on setting the leak test interval Until a current leak test date is entered the gauge displays an alert after the self test at power up Update the leak test date in the gauge after each leak test NOTE The Leak Test function does not replace the leak test analysis records that must be maintained for review by your licensing agency To view or change the leak test date displayed by the gauge press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 2 to access the Gauge Status Test menu At the Gauge Status Test menu press 5 Last Leak Test Date mm dd yyyy Change Leak Test Date Model 3450 Appendix C 25 The gauge displays the date entered for the last leak test To return to the Ready screen press the NO key To change the leak test date press the YES key Input Leak Test Date mm dd yyyy Change Leak Test Date The gauge displays mm dd yy
109. isplays the desired station number press the ENTER key to edit the stored notes The gauge displays the notes for the selected station Use the arrow keys to scroll through the notes Use the alphanumeric keys to edit the project notes To clear an entry press the CE key The gauge stores the edited notes and returns to the Station Number screen shown above Press the ESC key to return to the Ready screen Model 3450 5 11 FULL STORE The 3450 gauge includes a Full Store feature which provides prompted data entry of measurement conditions after each store When this feature is enabled the gauge prompts the operator for information required on FHWA projects This information is stored in the project with the reading and can be viewed printed or uploaded to a computer with the project data There are three types of data storage based on the gauge operating mode In Thin Layer or Asphalt mode the gauge prompts for asphalt related information such as lift thickness and whether the mix is surface intermediate or base In Soil mode the operator is prompted to select prompts for Soil or Stone The soil prompts include test types such as embankment subgrade and backfill The stone prompts include the test types plain aggregate and cement stone The complete listing of Full Store prompts is shown in the following sections Full Store Prompts Soil Mode Soil Station Number Relative position 1 Soils Test
110. ity value In the backscatter position the source rod is lowered to the first notch below the SAFE shielded position This places the source and the detectors in the same plane Shielding between the source and detectors greatly reduces the number of photons reaching the detectors in a direct path from the source Thus the photons from the Cs 137 source must travel into the test material and scatter or reflect at least once to reach the G M detectors The detectors in the gauge base count these scattered photons For thin layer readings the gauge uses two sets of G M detectors Refer to the Thin Layer section on page 2 5 2 2 A TROYLER MOISTURE The Model 3450 uses the principle of neutron thermalization to monitor the moisture content of a material The gauge includes an americium 241 beryllium Am 241 Be source that is fixed in the gauge s base Fast neutrons emitted by the Am 241 Be source pass into the test material Multiple collisions between the fast neutrons and a similarly sized mass such as the nuclei of hydrogen atoms cause the neutrons to slow to the point where further collisions with hydrogen or other materials will not continue to reduce the neutron energy further These neutrons are said to have been thermalized The 3450 gauge contains a helium 3 detector that is sensitive only to thermalized or slow neutrons As a result the moisture counts relate directly to the amount of hydrogen in the material Using
111. k To obtain and RGA number please call or fax the factory or branch office with your request Please have the following information available when contacting Troxler for an RGA number Gauge model and serial number Part number serial number if applicable Is the gauge still under warranty Problem or difficulty you are having with the instrument Shipment method to Troxler and for return shipment Shipping and billing address not P O Box street address and zip code Telephone number and contact for questions from Troxler Will estimate be required before performing any work on the gauge Payment method credit card account number or purchase order number All U S government agencies city county state and federal must send purchase order numbers NOTE To prevent order duplication if an order has been placed by telephone please write Confirming Order on any follow up written requests NOTE When returning a 3450 gauge follow the required special handling and shipping procedures detailed in Appendix D Please contact a Troxler Sales Support or Service Representative with any questions Appendix C 30 TROYLER APPENDIX D TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING Devices containing radioactive materials must be transported in accordance with the rules of the U S Department of Transportation DOT and the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA The IAEA recommendations have been
112. l 3450 can store one partial calibration A partial calibration allows the operator to enter the asphalt parameters and take readings at different times METHOD 1 MEASURE DENSITY FIRST To create a thin layer special calibration press 4 New at the Thin Lift Special menu shown on page 6 16 The gauge displays the Thin Special Calibration menu Thin Special Calib 1 Measure Density 2 Input True Density If a partial calibration was saved earlier the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before see page 6 21 To take readings for the thin layer special calibration press 1 and see Measuring the Density below To enter the core density press 2 and see Entering the True Densities on page 6 20 Measuring the Density Prepare the test site as described on page 4 6 Place the gauge on the test site Lower the source rod to the backscatter position Release the trigger and lock the source rod into position You should hear a click when the source rod locks into position 6 18 AXTROYLER Go to Thin Special Calibration menu and press 1 as described above The gauge displays Input Number of Thin Lift Averages 65520 Then Press ENTER When taking counts on thin layer asphalt Troxler recommends averaging large numbers of readings over the same material to ensure results that are more accurate Use at least ten 10 gauge readings before cutting cores Enter the number of measurements the gauge is to
113. libration in Soil or Asphalt mode select the special calibration for the selected mode Appendix C 14 AXTROYLER ERROR INCORRECT BASEBOARD ID This error occurs if the ID stored in the base unit does not match the ID stored in the control unit Solution Make sure the control unit is the correct unit for a particular base unit o D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le Oo 3 2 e INVALID DEPTH CHECK SOURCE ROD This error occurs when the source rod is not at a valid depth when starting a measurement Solution Check source rod position to ensure it is at a valid depth when starting a measurement Recalibrate depth strip Call the nearest Troxler Service Center KEYPAD ERROR This error is reported after the power up self test 1f a stuck key is detected Solution Clear the keypad of any objects pressing keys on powerup LCD ERROR During the Liquid Crystal Display LCD test a sequence of characters is written to the LCD and is then read back This message occurs if a character read back does not match the character written out Solution Call the nearest Troxler Service Center Model 3450 Appendix C 15 MEMORY ERROR This error occurs when gauge software detects that non volatile memory has been corrupted Solution Call the nearest Troxler Service Center NO ACTIVE PROJECT This error occurs when trying to store measurement data in a project without a project selected Solution Select an e
114. ly completed bill of lading must be in the vehicle and immediately accessible to the driver The shipping papers must include a 24 hr emergency response phone number Ifshipping by air a Shipper s Declaration for Dangerous Goods must accompany the air waybill The package must be properly marked and labeled in accordance with hazmat regulations The package must have a tamper evident seal The package must be inspected prior to each shipment The package must be securely blocked and braced in the vehicle to prevent shifting during transport AGCIDENT NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS In the event of a reportable incident involving radioactive material notify the licensing agency as soon as practical The operator is also required to notify at the earliest practical moment the U S DOT at 1 800 424 8802 of an accident that occurs during the course of transportation including loading unloading and temporary storage in Which fire breakage spillage or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of radioactive materials HAZMAT TRAINING The U S DOT regulations require every hazmat employer to train test certify and maintain records for each hazmat employee Hazmat training applies to anyone who transports or prepares for transport radioactive materials To remain in compliance with this requirement training must be repeated every two years IATA requirement if the gauge is shipped by air for example by Federal Ex
115. minal program as described in the following sections HYPERTERMINAL SETUP To configure the Windows HyperTerminal program and set up dedicated icon to transfer data from the gauge perform the following steps ds Click on the Start button select the Programs menu and then the Accessories folder In Windows 95 select the HyperTerminal icon In Windows 98 and later versions select the Communications subfolder and then select the HyperTerminal icon From the HyperTerminal window double click on the Hypertrm icon The Connection Description window is displayed This window is used to set up a new connection In the Name box enter a name for example Troxler Data for the new connection Select an icon to use for the connection then click OK The Connect To window is displayed In the Connect To window do not enter a telephone number Instead select Direct to Com1 Direct to Com2 Direct to Com3 or Direct to Com4 depending upon the computer The COM Properties window is displayed where is the number of the selected COM port Configure the Port Settings as follows Bits per second 9600 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow control Hardware Appendix H 2 A TROXLER 6 Click OK The Troxler Data HyperTerminal window is displayed where Troxler Data is the icon name entered in step 3 7 From the toolbar click on File and select Save from the dropdown menu 8 Close the Troxler Data
116. o take a measurement Y Lift the gauge from the test site by the source rod handle This returns the source rod to the SAFE shielded position When not taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE position If you do not hear a click when the gauge is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding block the sliding block may require cleaning Refer to page A 1 1 for cleaning instructions A WARNING Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may cause excessive personnel radiation exposure and may violate transportation regulations 4 16 AXTROYLER CHAPTER 5 PROJECT DATA e U D je a m O pal o gt par gt The Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus allows unique project numbers to be entered into the gauge memory Subsequent measurements can then be stored under this project number This chapter describes how to handle project data CONTENTS Separating the Control Unit 0 eeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeenaes 5 2 Handling Project Data ee ceeceseceseceseceseceseeeeneeeaeeeseeeeeenaes 5 5 Select Projedtsnasnasradentnerrundstensenntnediiee 5 5 Cre te Projecdtsan an it is 5 6 VIEW Data iconos titulo bcn 5 7 Print Upload Datani nnie a 5 7 Erase Projectes neesii E 5 9 Recover Eras
117. of atoms For example water has two atoms of hydrogen H and one atom of oxygen O which in chemical notation is written H20 An atom is made up of a dense nucleus consisting of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons Under normal circumstances the number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons The number of protons in the atom is called the atomic number Z A chemical element consists of all atoms having the same atomic number The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is called the atomic mass A Atoms of a given chemical element can exist in slightly different variants called isotopes that have different atomic masses For example carbon 12 C 12 is non radioactive and carbon 14 C 14 is radioactive Isotopes that are radioactive are termed radioisotopes or radionuclides Figure A 1 depicts a helium atom consisting of two protons and two neutrons in the nucleus and two orbiting electrons ELECTRONS NEUTRON A PROTON Figure A 1 Diagram of an Atom Appendix A 2 AXTROXLER RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity is the spontaneous transformation or disintegration of an unstable nucleus into a more stable configuration accompanied by the emission of radiation The quantity of a radioactive material is measured in terms of the average number of nuclear disintegrations per unit time The traditional unit of measure for radioactivity or a
118. on materials Soil Mode For moisture density determinations in soil soil stone materials in layers of 4 inches or greater Asphalt Mode For density determinations in asphalt or hardened concrete layers of 4 inches or greater Thin Layer Mode For density determinations in asphalt layers of less than 4 inches Special calibration offsets wet density moisture and trench to expand measurement possibilities and to enhance gauge readings on materials that may fall outside the range of factory calibration Over 30 functions to facilitate all phases of testing compaction on construction materials A backlit liquid crystal display LCD to help the operator read the display during night construction Easy to use keypad and user friendly menus to reduce training time to increase productivity e Removable keypad assembly to allow the operator to upload data to a PC without taking the gauge into the office Any licensing issues discussed in this manual are for the United States To purchase a Model 3450 in Canada owners must obtain a radioisotope license from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC The owner should obtain copies of the CNSC Regulations and the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations TDG For other countries please consult your local regulatory agency _ a D oO U Cc O e 2 Owners are encouraged to require study of this manual before allowing anyone to use the gau
119. ononnnononononononnnnnoos 3 13 VIEW ekke ia 5 7 Denia A aiii 3 12 Tedak testni reni eo sia mists C 25 DE d ptersersvar dens haste pekeren een its 1 5 Decimal Key remita iaa 34 Declaration of Conformity rrrannnnnonnnnvonnnnrvrrvennrneenneneersesenn 1 3 G2 Density nc 2 2 2 6 4 10 4 12 4 14 Special calibration ooononnccnnnnnononocononoconaconoconn conc cono nono nonanonnnoos 6 11 Department of Transportation DOT rrnvvnnvvnvrnrvrarerrvenrnenevenne D 1 Depth Indico tt taa 3 14 Modena ieee aa ERE EEEE EE 3 14 OF measur m nt ii ere klin EEN 2 3 Detecta 1 5 2 2 Direct transmission ocooooncncnnnnnnononunicnncncnnononenanicicoconononanininoss 22 3 5 Display BackKliP htaccess ea a EESE kartet 3 15 COTAS da save C 27 Specifications seine die wien a da B 6 A NE 3 17 Disposicion A 16 Dietetica ias C 5 Drill diia tr Meese tet od acs de cele nette 1 5 4 6 Drill tod guide nav een ete een et enka 1 5 E Edit Density partial special calibration 6 15 Partial moisture offset reenen ensaios eenia eiren ae 6 7 Project Ote 5 11 Larectvallerii item snevre use 3 20 Thin layer partial special calibration 6 21 Model 3450 Index 3 Emergency POC UTE ci A AR GEM RR A 16 Ene apsulation ss cc isis cadevessceedetssezasses sett locas oeste A 8 ENTER k y acomodar Teie 3 4 Erase Density special calibration ooonccnnnninninocnnoccnoncnonononaconaconacnno 6 15 Projects res Seter A i 5 9 Recover asec viii o ts 5 9
120. onstants 4 Print Status Model 3450 3 9 Before selecting 4 Print Status check the printer setup see page 3 13 On any given screen there may be more information than can display on a single screen These screens are indicated with an up down arrow in the top right corner To scroll through the displays use the keypad s arrow keys Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key GAUGE SETUP SPECIAL KEY The Model 3450 software groups all the setup features in one menu To access the Gauge Setup menu press the SPECIAL key then select 4 Gauge Setup Set Time Date Print Set Up Depth Indicator Set Beeper Level To scroll through the Gauge Setup menu use the arrow keys screens that have options the operator can scroll through are indicated with the up down arrow symbol in the upper right corner of the screen To select a menu option use the number key that corresponds to the option The remainder of this section provides details on the setup options 3 10 A TROYLER TIME DATE SPEGIAL KEY The Time Date setup option allows the operator to change the time date and time date display format To access the feature press 1 Set Time Date at the Gauge Setup menu see previous page This option requires an access code At the gauge prompt use the number keys to enter the access code see page xi The gauge displays the Time Date menu 1 Change Time 2 Change Date 3 Change Format ENTER fo
121. orrronvronvronvrrnvrrnvrnnvvnvnvnvnvernser 3 27 Model 3450 3 1 MODEL 3450 ILLUSTRATION Figure 3 1 illustrates various components of the Model 3450 RoadReader Plus referred to throughout this chapter and the remainder of the manual e gt DEPTH INDICATOR 0 STRIP SOURCE ROD A oN ee INDEX ROD 2 A 9 PIN SERIAL PORT AND BEEPER Figure 3 1 Model 3450 Illustration 32 ATROXLER KEYPAD The Model 3450 keypad Figure 3 2 allows the operator to access the gauge software Troxler designed the keypad for ease of use with large keys and an anti glare coating Pressing a function key activates the function only if the gauge is in the Ready mode Table 3 1 describes the function of each key Table 3 1 Model 3450 Keypad Functions FUNCTION Turn on the gauge display Allows the operator to use the gauge after a quick self test When prompted press ENTER to go to the Ready mode screen OFF Turn off the gauge ESC Return the display to the Ready screen without storing or updating the data SHIFT Access the yellow letters and Space key SPECIAL Access the Special function menu STORE Store the most recent data in the current project file RECALL Display the most recent data TARGET Select enter or disable a Proctor Marshall or Voidless density value OFFSET Enable disable or change a wet density moisture or trench offset MODE Select the measurement mode The gauge off
122. ough which the source rod would protrude Model 3450 Appendix A 13 Y Holding the wipe disk with the tongs wipe around and in this opening v Pack the disk in the envelope as instructed and mail to Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc for analysis Y Secure the gauge properly CONTROL UNIT Y EN INS AY JA X A NON NVA AN SNA eg N GAUGE BASE 7 BASEBOARD ASSEMBLY Figure A 4 Performing a Leak Test A LE TROX Appendix A 14 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS This section summarizes the licensing and training requirements that pertain to ownership or operation of a nuclear gauge This section also provides information on the proper disposal of the gauge as well as emergency procedures to follow if the gauge is lost stolen or damaged LICENSING In the United States possession and use of the radioactive materials in a nuclear gauge require a license issued by the U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC or an Agreement State licensing agency Detailed information on obtaining a license is contained in the Troxler Licensing Guide Copies of this guide are available from Troxler or can be downloaded from the Troxler website www troxlerlabs com To purchase a nuclear gauge in Canada an owner must obtain a radioisotope license from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC The owner should obtain copies of the CNSC Regulations and the T
123. ovides accurate results for the majority of materials found in the field If the gauge is to be used to test materials not covered by the factory calibration the readings can be adjusted using either an offset as described below or a special calibration as described in Chapter 6 Perform a wet density offset if the test material is outside the density range for average soil or if the material composition varies from average soil asphalt Perform a moisture offset if the test material contains hydrogenous materials other than water or materials that absorb neutrons Materials such as cement gypsum coal mica and lime are all hydrogenous Material such as boron and cadmium are neutron absorbers Vertical structures scatter neutrons and gamma photons back to the gauge This could result in inaccurate moisture and density readings To take readings in a trench or within 0 6 m 2 ft of a large vertical structure perform a trench offset If the composition of the test material differs greatly from average soil and an offset does not provide adequate measurement accuracy then the gauge may need to be calibrated A special calibration allows the operator to calculate new calibration constants For more information on the Special Calibration feature see Chapter 6 2 6 A TROYLER CHAPTER 3 GETTING STARTED This chapter provides details on getting started with the Troxler Model 3450 RoadReader Plus It describes the 3450 keypad and provi
124. personnel radiation exposure and may violate transportation regulations When preparing a test site use the drill rod assembly to drill the test hole Under no circumstances should the source rod of the gauge be used to drill holes Do not tamper with or modify the 3450 gauge Also do not remove the sealed source from the gauge Tampering with or modifying the gauge or removing the sealed source can be dangerous Such actions are illegal unless authorized by your radioactive materials license Appendix A 18 Troy ED 3450 RADIATION PROFILE Table A 1 shows the radiation profile for the Model 3450 gauge The table lists the radiation dose equivalent rates in mrem hour for each side of the gauge and transport case shown in Figure A 5 BOTTOM RIGHT SIDE gt DI gt gt 3 e 2 4 I m e DI lt RIGHT SIDE TRANSPORT CASE Figure A 5 Model 3450 Gauge and Transport Case Model 3450 Appendix A 19 Table A 1 Radiation Profile for Model 3450 Gauge Dose Rate in Millirem per Hour Front Back Left Side Right Side Top Front Back Left Side Right Side Top Bottom Survey Equipment Used Gamma Ludlum Model 14C Survey Meter serial 57418 calibrated 10 02 1996 Neutron Snoopy Portable Neutron Doserate Meter model NP 2 serial 4ANP183404 calibrated 12 07 1995 NOTES 1 All tabulated values are in units of mrem hr
125. press or every three years U S DOT requirement if shipped by ground transportation gt gt Z 72 v O DI 4 gt Oo Z Model 3450 Appendix D 3 CANADIAN SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations TDG and Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations TPRM apply any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in Canada For training and accident notification requirements consult the Transportation Of Dangerous Goods Regulations For further information on transporting a nuclear device contact the transportation section of The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts To verify gauge stability compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded standard counts m wn gt Z o gt JJ o O O i Fr O ep Model 3450 Appendix E 1 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 fm EE Appendix E 2 TROXLER STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1 Density DS2 E E Model 3450 Appendix E 3 m n ude gt Z o gt JJ o Q O os Fr O Q STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date Moisture MS Density DS1
126. pressing the OFFSET key Access the Moisture Offset menu by pressing 2 Moisture To change the offset press 3 Change Offset Moisture Offset gt le Q 7 72 m wn geo O gt C is JJ gt 1 Stored Offset 7p 2 Gauge Derived 3 Keypad Entry Press 2 Gauge Derived Gauge Derived Moisture Offset 1 Measure Moisture 2 Input True Moist If the operator saved a partial offset earlier then the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before To take readings for the offset press 1 and refer to Measuring the Moisture below To enter the true moisture press 2 and refer to Entering True Moisture on page 6 7 Model 3450 6 5 MEASURING THE MOISTURE To measure the moisture press 1 Measure Moisture Place Gauge On Surface To Be Tested Press START For 4 One Minute Counts Prepare the test site as described on page 4 6 Place the gauge on the test site and position the source rod in the measurement position Press the START key The gauge displays the progress of the measurements After taking each reading the gauge displays the results To continue to the next reading press the START key After the last reading press the ENTER key If the true moisture has not yet been stored the gauge displays Moisture Offset 1 Store Partial Moisture Offset 2 Input True Moist To enter the true moisture later create a partial offset by pressing 1 To ente
127. q 40 mCi 10 Am 241 Be Source Type Sealed Source Special Form Source Housing Stainless Steel Encapsulated Shielding Lead Tungsten Surface Dose Rate See Radiation Profile on page A 19 Shipping Case Type A Yellow II TI 0 3 Certificates of Cs 137 USA 0614 S or USA 0356 S Competent Authority Am 241 Be USA 0632 S or CZ 1009 S wu nm D m Q a gt a e z 77 Model 3450 Appendix B 5 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Stored Power Average Power Consumption Idle mode Measurement mode Standby Backlight Default Time Before Sleep Mode Time Before Automatic Shutdown Power Source s Base Control Unit Charge Source Battery Recharge Time Liquid Crystal Display Keypad Random Access Memory RAM Serial Data Format Appendix B 6 32 watt hours 0 12 watts 0 17 watts 0 06 watts 0 6 watts 30 seconds between keypresses no loss of data or previous status 5 hours of complete inactivity 4 Sub C NiCad Rechargeable Pack batteries 6 AA alkaline batteries 10 14 V de 650 mA minimum 4 hours maximum automatic cutoff may be charged incrementally without damaging the batteries Alphanumeric 4 line x 20 character backlit 33 key sealed membrane 128 kilobytes non volatile 1 stop bit No parity 8 data bits AXTROYLER 3450 to PC Computer Cable Null Modem Cable 9 pin FEMALE 9 pin FEMALE Rx pin 2 resistin Tx pin 3 TX PAI ses Rx pin 2 DTR pin 4
128. r Setup From this screen the operator may change the time date or time date display format To select a menu option use the number keys To return to the Gauge Setup menu press the ENTER key Time To change the time press 1 at the Time Date menu If displaying the time in the AM PM format the display is Current Time 08 00 am se e m 3 Z ep wn gt DI m o 1 a m 2 p m With either display format option the control unit requests the current time Press the 1 key for a m or 2 for p m Use the number keys to enter the correct hour and minutes then press the ENTER key The gauge updates the time and returns to the Time Date screen To return to the Gauge Setup menu press the ENTER key To return to the Ready screen press the ESC key Model 3450 3 11 Date From the Time Date menu on the previous page change the date by selecting 2 Change Date Current Date 02 28 2002 Input Date Then Press ENTER Use the number keys to enter the correct month and year then press the ENTER key This example uses the mm dd yyyy format The format can be changed to dd mm yyyy as described in the following section The gauge updates the date and returns to the Time Date screen To return to the Gauge Setup menu press the ENTER key Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key Format From the Time Date menu change the time date format by pressing 3 C
129. r mode to enable a thin layer special calibration The gauge enables the selected thin layer special calibration and returns to the Ready screen 6 16 AXTROYLER DIRECTION OF ROLLERS D o 2 m o mn go oO gt is DD gt oO wn Figure 6 2 Taking Measurements Around a Core Site Disable a Thin Layer Special Calibration To disable the last enabled thin layer special calibration press 2 at the Thin Lift Special menu The gauge disables the last enabled thin layer special calibration and returns to the Ready screen View a Thin Layer Special Calibration Use the arrow keys to scroll through the thin layer special calibrations When the gauge displays the thin layer special calibration to be viewed press 3 The gauge displays SP CAL Your Calib B1 Val xxxx B2 Val xxxx Press ENTER Model 3450 6 17 The gauge displays the thin layer special calibration name and both B values To return to the Thin Lift Special menu press the ENTER key Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key Create a Thin Layer Special Calibration To create a thin layer special calibration the operator must take readings with the gauge and enter the core density The gauge uses these values to calculate the thin layer special calibration constants The Mode
130. r the true moisture now press 2 and follow the gauge prompts to complete the offset 6 6 A TROYLER ENTERING TRUE MOISTURE Under normal circumstances the true moisture will be entered at a time later than the measured moisture If measured moisture has been stored as a partial offset return to the Moisture Offset menu found directly above and press 2 The gauge requests the true moisture Input True Moisture XXXXX ENTER When Done COMPLETING GAUGE DERIVED MOISTURE OFFSET After storing measured moisture and true moisture the gauge will display the values and resulting offset value k see formula on the following page The gauge offers four memory locations to store the k value Select the desired memory location to save the value e e TI v1 72 m wn go e gt E Ww JI gt e 2 7p Edit a Partial Moisture Offset If the operator saved a partial offset then the gauge will display a P beside the option entered before Select the value to be completed If a value already entered is selected then the gauge prompts the operator to overwrite To overwrite the partial offset press the YES key To use the stored partial offset press the NO key and select the other value To take measurements see page 6 6 To enter the true moisture see the description above Model 3450 6 7 Enter Moisture Offset Keypad Entry Use standard laboratory methods for example oven drying and so
131. ransportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations For other countries please consult your local regulatory agency TRAINING DI gt gt e 2 4 I m e I lt In the United States anyone working with or near radioactive materials must complete a radiation safety training course to be designated an authorized user Authorized users must be trained in the precautions and procedures to minimize radiation exposure applicable regulatory requirements and the operating emergency maintenance and transportation procedures for the gauge Troxler offers training classes designed to meet regulatory agency training requirements for nuclear gauge users Model 3450 Appendix A 15 DISPOSAL A nuclear gauge contains licensed radioactive material At the end of a gauge s service life it must not be discarded as ordinary trash recycled as scrap material or abandoned Instead a nuclear gauge must be transferred to an authorized recipient licensed by the NRC or an Agreement State For further information on gauge disposal contact Troxler EMERGENCY PROCEDURES If the nuclear gauge is lost or stolen then immediately notify the gauge owner s Radiation Safety Officer RSO The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below Note that company refers to the gauge owner s company not Troxler Electronic Laboratories This information should be readily available to the g
132. ressing the ENTER key When taking a new standard count the gauge displays Put Rod In STD Pos Place Gauge On Standard Block Press ENTER 42 reoyrer Place the reference standard block on the standard count site As shown in Figure 4 1 place the gauge on the reference standard block with the right side keypad side of the gauge against the metal butt plate Ensure that the source rod is in the standard SAFE position and is firmly seated by gently tapping the handle of the source rod Begin the standard count by pressing the ENTER key After taking the standard count the gauge displays the results DS1 xxxx x X4PASS DS2 xxxx x X4PASS MS xxxx x X4PASS Use New Standard METAL lt BUTT PLATE Cc 2 2 ep 4 I m Q gt Cc e m Figure 4 1 Standard Count Position Model 3450 4 3 Troxler recommends that the operator keep a daily log of the moisture and density standard counts see Appendix E To verify gauge stability compare the daily standard count to a reliable reference as follows During the first four days of operation of a new or recalibrated gauge compare the daily standard count to the factory calibrated values After the first four days of operation or after taking four standard counts compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four counts Acceptable standard count limits are 1 3 each day for DS1
133. ring measured data see the Storing Data section on page 5 10 If the gauge enters the sleep mode while taking counts the red light will flash more rapidly until the count is complete To restore the display press any key Cc 2 Z Q I m o gt Cc Q m Model 3450 49 SOIL MODE To measure the moisture and density of soil soil stone aggregate and similar materials follow the steps below Y Select the Soil mode see page 3 23 Y If desired enter change or enable the Proctor value see page 3 19 Y Prepare the test site as described on page 4 6 Y Place the gauge on the test area Y Insert the source rod into the hole made by the drill rod or source rod adapter Use care when inserting the source rod Try not to disturb the soil around the hole Y Lower the source rod to the measurement depth Release the trigger Gently tap down on the handle over the source rod to lock the source rod into position You should hear a click when the source rod locks into position Y Gently slide the gauge to the right towards the keypad so the source rod makes contact with the wall of the hole Y Press the START key gt In the Manual depth mode see page 3 14 the gauge will prompt for the source rod depth Enter the source rod depth using the number keys For example with the source rod in the backscatter position press 0 Then press ENTER gt Inthe Automatic depth mode the gauge software reads th
134. s than 5 If the standard count fails four times perform a stat test see page C 3 and a drift test see page C 5 then contact your Troxler representative After the standard count passes the operator can take measurements with the gauge When not taking readings always keep the source rod in the SAFE position For added user safety the source rod automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted using the handle Cc 2 Z Q I m o gt a Q m Model 3450 4 5 PREPARING A TEST SITE To ensure measurement accuracy properly prepare the test site before taking gauge measurements This section describes how to prepare test sites properly for soil and asphalt measurements SOIL SITE Y Locate a smooth site on the soil free from any large holes cracks or debris Y If necessary smooth the surface by moving the scraper plate in a back and forth motion Y Fill any voids or depressions with fine sand Strike off any excess fill v Place the scraper plate back on the surface and press down slightly to level the surface Y For direct transmission measurements Y Put the drill rod through the extraction tool and then through one of the guides on the scraper plate Figure 4 2 Wear safety glasses and a radiation dosimeter Place the drill rod assembly on the test site Step on the scraper plate EN Hammer the drill rod at least fifty millimeters 2 in deeper than the desired
135. special calibrations and returns to the Ready screen Model 3450 6 15 THIN LAYER SPECIAL CALIBRATION The Thin Lift Special Calibration function allows the operator to re calibrate the gauge for materials not covered by the factory calibration Once a special calibration is enabled it remains active until the gauge is turned off or until another calibration is enabled The thin layer special calibration uses the average of 3 to 20 measurements Troxler recommends averaging one minute readings taken on a test site see Figure 6 1 on page 6 13 or around a core site as shown in Figure 6 2 This average and the density obtained by another method such as core samples are used to re calculate the gauge constants To access the Thin Lift Special functions press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 1 Special Operation At the Special Operation menu press 2 Thin Lift Special The gauge displays the Thin Lift Special menu Thin Spec Current 1 Enable Thin Spec 2 Disable 4 New 3 View 5 Erase The gauge displays a thin layer special calibration on the first line if one exists in gauge memory The following text provides details on the Thin Lift Special function Enable a Thin Layer Special Calibration Use the arrow keys to scroll through the thin layer special calibrations When the gauge displays the thin layer special calibration to be enabled press 1 NOTE The 3450 gauge must be in Thin Laye
136. ss steel capsules These sealed sources meet U S and international regulatory requirements for classification as Special Form radioactive material for purposes of transportation The sealed sources are designed to prevent leakage of radioactive material under severe accident conditions They are also designed to comply with applicable ANSI classification requirements for sealed sources used in portable gauges SOURCE ROD INSPECTION To ensure the integrity of the source rod Troxler recommends that a qualified Troxler service person inspect the gauge and the source rod at least once every five years This inspection includes checking for excessive wear corrosion or damage that could affect the safety of gauge operation v However as a precaution ensure that the tip of the source rod is intact and undamaged that is ensure that the source is not missing Use a radiation survey meter to check the radiation levels at the gauge base surface without extending the source rod A maximum reading of 10 20 mrem hr is normal and indicates the source is present However if the maximum reading is less than 1 mrem hr or if a survey meter is not available perform a visual inspection of the source rod tip as follows to confirm its integrity 1 Extend the source rod just far enough to see the source rod tip The tip should appear flat to slightly rounded and smooth 2 Stay at least three feet away from the tip of the unshielded source rod
137. stants are valid Y Check to see if an offset density moisture trench or special is enabled o D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le lo 3 2 e Y Ensure the standard counts are correct BACKLIGHT WILL NOT OPERATE Y NiCad batteries may be discharged Backlight will not operate on alkaline batteries Recharge NiCad batteries Model 3450 Appendix C 13 ERROR MESSAGES BATTERIES TOO LOW GAUGE IS TURNING OFF IN XXX SECONDS This error occurs when the following three items are all true the charger is not connected the NiCad batteries are low and the alkaline batteries need replacing Solution Charge the NiCad batteries and replace the alkaline batteries DIVIDE BY ZERO ERROR This error occurs when attempting to perform division by zero Solution Check for incorrect measurement depth calibration constants standard count counts offsets and special calibrations Identify and correct the problem ERROR BASEBOARD NOT CONNECTED This error occurs when the control unit does not detect a base unit Solution Unscrew the four captive screws on the control panel and make sure the ribbon cable connecting the control unit with the base unit is seated properly ERROR GAUGE MUST BE IN THIN LAYER MODE This error occurs when attempting to enable a thin layer special calibration when in Soil or Asphalt mode Solution To enable a thin layer special calibration change to the Thin Layer mode To enable special ca
138. t as shown in Figure C 2 Y Using a small screwdriver adjust the potentiometer to obtain the desired display contrast Y Gently place the control unit inside the gauge and tighten the four captive screws in the corners of the keypad LOCATION OF 25 DIA ACCESS HOLE TO POTENTIOMETER FOR ADJUSTING DISPLAY BRIGHTNESS Figure C 2 Display Contrast Adjustment Model 3450 Appendix C 27 REPLACEMENT PARTS PART 107279 107849 107831 107846 107233 107278 107800 107275 108531 107847 107276 012754 012753 013200 107493 107494 102069 1000 012752 012759 102399 108866 012176 107835 104305 108865 012225 102096 102103 104553 101603 1010 012775 107990 107820 100156 105062 104094 0001 108863 Appendix C 28 DESCRIPTION Gasket Front Panel O Ring Gauge Base Gasket Auxiliary Panel Gasket Beeper Grommet Tower Index Rod 3450 Topshell Assembly 3450 Front Panel Overlay 3450 Assembly I O Baseboard Cable Base Plate Assembly 3450 Bottom Plate Ring Scraper for Bottom Plate Ring Retaining for Scraper Ring Fitting 3 16 Grease w Serrated Shank 3450 Sliding Block Fixed Tungsten Block 2400 3400 Wiper Cap Seal Wiper Seal Oil 5 8 inch ID Shield Spring 3400 Source Rod Bearing Lock w 2 Keys Handle Handle Assembly Handle Sleeve Trigger Spring For Trigger 3400 Cap Screw Cap Screw Bumper Plunger 3400 Roll Pin 3 32 D x 5 8 L Index Rod Top Battery Spring Plunger Cable
139. ter use the Edit Notes feature described on the following page STORE DATA After taking a measurement the operator can store the data in the selected project by pressing the STORE key when the gauge displays the Ready screen The gauge requests the station number as shown below It displays the last station number on the third line Next Station Number Last Station ENTER When Done Enter the station number up to six numbers and press ENTER The gauge prompts the operator to enter additional project information Press the SHIFT key to access the alphabetic characters and enter the information If Full Store mode page 5 12 is enabled the 3450 gauge prompts the operator for more in depth test data The gauge stores the data with any additional project information under the selected project and returns to the Ready screen 5 10 AXTROYLER EDIT PROJECT NOTES Project notes may be edited with the Edit Notes function To edit the notes of the selected project the project displayed on the last line of the Ready screen press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 3 to access the Memory Function menu At the Memory Function menu press 1 e U D je a m O pal o gt par gt Station Number 123456 ENTER To Select The gauge displays the first station number of the selected project on the second line Use the arrow keys to scroll through the station numbers When the gauge d
140. the Erase Project menu Return to the Ready screen by pressing the ESC key To erase all projects press 2 at the Erase Project menu At the Are You Sure display press the YES key The gauge erases all the projects and returns to the Ready screen RECOVER ERASE If project data is erased accidentally the Recover Erase function may be able to recover the lost information There is no guarantee that Recover Erase will successfully recover lost data If any data has been stored after the accidental erasure then a successful recovery is impossible To attempt to recover erased project data press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu press 3 to access the Memory Function menu At the Memory Function menu press 2 If the gauge can recover the erased project data it will display the recovery and return to the Ready screen Model 3450 5 9 STORING DATA The Model 3450 can store up to 1 000 readings The gauge stores readings under the project name that has been enabled The gauge can store up to 620 readings per project The operator can retrieve print and upload stored project data For more information on selecting a project see page 55 When storing test results the gauge can also store project notes or information required on FHWA projects The gauge stores this extra project information with the project data By default the gauge allows the operator to enter project notes To edit project notes la
141. the Ready screen Model 3450 5 5 CREATE A PROJECT To create a new project press 2 at the Project menu shown on the previous page Project Number Press ENTER Enter a project name or number at this screen By default the number keys are enabled To use the alphabetic keys press the SHIFT key When the alphabetic keys are enabled the cursor blinks The NO key acts as a character backspace if corrections must be made Enter a project name up to ten characters using the gauge keypad To clear an entry press the CE key After the project name is complete press the ENTER key The gauge prompts for a project ID number as shown below The project ID number can be any alternate project identification For example the operator could enter the U S Federal Highway Administration FHWA project number Enter Project Press ENTER Enter the project ID number up to sixteen characters using the gauge keypad To clear an entry press the CE key After the project ID number is complete press the ENTER key To enable the new project press the YES key The gauge enables the new project and returns to the Ready screen The new project name will appear on the last line of the Ready screen as the active project 5 6 AXTROYLER VIEW DATA The Model 3450 offers two methods of viewing data The operator can view either the last measurement results or any project data including project notes To view the
142. the gauge calibration the gauge software converts the helium 3 detector counts to a moisture content Note that the helium 3 detector is in the same plane as the Am 241 Be source Therefore moisture measurement is similar to a density measurement taken in backscatter mode as described earlier in this chapter ad 4 I m e I lt le 7 oO me m JI gt e 2 The depth of measurement is defined in terms of a maximum depth beneath the surface of the material being measured Of the neutrons counted by the gauge 98 percent will penetrate no deeper than the depth of measurement The depth of measurement is a function of moisture content The following equations can be used to determine the approximate depth of measurement Depth inches 11 0 17 x M where M moisture in pcf or Depth mm 280 0 27 x M where M moisture in kg m The normalized curve set shown in Figure 2 1 illustrates the effects of moisture content on the depth of measurement Model 3450 2 3 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Gauge Measured Moisture Content pcf 640 560 480 400 320 240 160 80 Gauge Measured Moisture Content kg m3 ES Depthg 11 0 17 XM 32 3 pef s N S Y y i k x 120 8 pef N 5 95 pef 6 8 Depth in 10 12 Depths 280 0 27 X M t 521 kg m3 L336 kg m3
143. tion is that radiation exposure should be kept as far below the limits as is reasonably achievable This is known as the ALARA as low as reasonable achievable principle The three methods for limiting exposure are Time Distance Shielding Time The simplest way to reduce exposure is to minimize the time spent around a radioactive source If the time spent near a source is cut in half then the exposure is halved all other factors remaining constant Distance Distance is another effective means to reduce radiation exposure A formula known as the inverse square law relates the radiation exposure rate to distance Figure A 2 Doubling the distance from a radiation source reduces the exposure to one fourth its original value If the distance is tripled then the exposure is reduced by a factor of nine and so on RADIOACTIVE y SOURCE B Figure A 2 Effect of Distance on Exposure Shielding Shielding is any material used to reduce the radiation exposure rate from a radioactive source The 3450 gauge has some built in shielding which reduces the exposure rate When gauges are in storage additional shielding may be necessary to keep exposure to personnel in adjacent areas below the dose limits for members of the public The thickness of any material that reduces the incident radiation intensity by one half is known as the half value layer HVL The HVL of a material varies with the type and energy of radiation The HVL v
144. ual standard count the predicted standard count and the error between the two sets of counts The gauge calculates the predicted standard count by correcting the calibration standard count for source decay To access the Source Decay feature press the SPECIAL key At the Special functions menu access the Gauge Status Test menu by pressing 2 At the Gauge Status Test menu press 6 Source Decay Current D1 Std xxxx Predict D1 Std xxxx Difference xx x Press ENTER To scroll through the displays press the ENTER key After displaying all the displays the gauge returns to the Ready screen Appendix C 8 A TROXLER TROUBLESHOOTING GAUGE FAILS STANDARD COUNTS Y Ensure the source rod opening on the bottom of the gauge is completely closed or covered by the tungsten sliding block If any opening is visible the sliding block should be cleaned Refer to page A 11 for instructions If the sliding block still does not close completely contact the nearest Troxler Service Center o D le a Ww F m 72 x le Oo a 2 ep Ensure that the standard count site is asphalt concrete or compacted soil at least 4 in 10 cm thick Check for 10 ft 3 m clearance around gauge Check that any sources are at least 33 ft 10 m away Ensure the source rod handle is fully latched in the SAFE shielded position Check that the gauge is positioned correctly on the reference standard block see Figure 4
145. vnnnvnvnvnrnrnrnrasvraserasensssnsesnne D 4 A OI 1 5 B 8 B 5 U S requirements comica ali D 2 Site Preparing test poison esinaise E ESEE RILIS 4 6 OA SAMP Ernanin ta 3 24 Standard count ueno iii 4 2 Sleep modena kresen 3 17 B 6 Soil Mode Set pa iia thea ia 3 23 Mode specifications ecesna eine eaaa B 2 NS A EN 4 6 Taking measurements coooconocncocnnonnconnnonnnono nono nononcnn corn ncnnacnne ns 4 10 SOU ha B 5 Americium 241 beryllium Am 241 BO ooonncnninnconincccnnns 2 3 C 8 Cestum 13 MESS 7 hr a n ncablen 2 2 C 8 DT ukers un C 8 Enc psulations conciso T A 8 A ON B 5 NEU ia A a TT Na a eee B 5 Rod inspection leia n aia atdet A 9 Rod lubricar acai C 23 Rod POSI 0 ich coseesteok tiers Ao 3 5 Smeldmg attend B 5 A 7 Special Calibration AAA eke deeded de Uneaten Meee seeks 6 11 Density EE Se 6 11 Theory hatsan ee 2 6 Thin lyric essens 6 16 Special European considerations oooonocnnocononcnonoconcconaconccnnncnnnannos G 1 SPECIAL Rey usa ae A a lee leet 3 3 Specification S inenen datas date Seen e a ncaa B 1 Spr dsheet uunsv sn se ee de 3 13 Standard Count spaserte dressert ede 42 OT E EA ek are E 1 STANDARD Key cai danserne a eben 3 3 4 2 START Reyer EE 34 Slat tests Seite a iat A de C 3 Model 3450 Index 9 Status Battery ini A A ae 3 17 C 19 Currentnustriuslktdasunashateutksudaeigaelkeieudatute 3 9 Store P t Luse a eee 5 10 Policias id dira 5 12 ENCINA serer a N a i 4 16 Measurements eror
146. xisting project or create a new project and select NO DATA TO PRINT This error occurs when attempting to print a project with no data Solution Be sure to select the correct project when attempting to print PROJECT XXXXXXXXXX HAS NO DATA This error occurs when attempting to view a project with no data Solution Be sure to select the correct project when attempting to view REPLACE BATTERIES This error occurs when the alkaline batteries need replacing Solution Charge the NiCad batteries and replace the alkaline batteries Appendix C 16 Troy ED SERIAL DEVICE NOT CONNECTED This error occurs when the serial input signals from printing device are incorrect Solution Check for correct serial cable Printer must be on line Serial printer only o D le Cc Ww F m 72 x le Oo 3 2 e SYSTEM ERROR SYSTEM DATA MAY BE LOST This error occurs when the software system variables have been corrupted Solution The software attempts to correct the problem but gauge setup may be lost If problems continue to occur call the nearest Troxler Service Center WARNING LEAK TEST IS DUE LAST LEAK TEST DATE XX XX XXXX This error occurs when the leak test interval default 6 months has elapsed since the last reset of the leak test date Solution Perform a leak test and reset the leak test date to current date WARNING SOURCE ROD NOT AT BS This error occurs when the software expects the sour
147. ypes of radiation Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma rays photons Neutrons The alpha and beta particles are stopped by the source capsule Therefore they present no external hazard to personnel Only the gamma and neutron radiation from sealed sources contribute to any occupational radiation exposure Gamma rays photons are a type of electromagnetic radiation like X rays radio waves and visible light Photons have no mass or electrical charge and travel at the speed of light Gamma rays are energetic and penetrating Dense materials such as lead tungsten and so on provide the best shielding against gamma radiation Neutrons are a form of particulate radiation but unlike alpha and beta particles they have no electrical charge This makes neutron radiation very penetrating Fast neutrons lose energy primarily by so called billiard ball elastic collisions with the nuclei of low atomic number atoms especially hydrogen The best shielding materials for fast neutrons are those with a high hydrogen content such as water concrete and polyethylene RADIATION SAFETY This section discusses the principles of general radiation safety This information includes specific procedures for operating inspecting cleaning and leak testing the gauge to ensure safe operation RADIATION DOSE Ionization cannot be detected by any of the human senses sight touch hearing smell However using appropriate instruments and

Model 3450 - Troxler Electronic Laboratories

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