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ZXR10 8900 Series 10 Gigabit Routing Switch

1. ZXR10_R4 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R4 config if ip address 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R4 config if exit ZXR10_R4 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R4 config if ip address 10 0 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R4 config if exit ZXR10_R4 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R4 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 1 ZXR10_R4 config router area 1 nssa ZXR10_R4 config router redistribute rip metric 10 Configuration on RS ZXR10_R5 ZXR10_R5 ZXR10_R5 ZXR10_R5 ZXR10_R5 ZXR10_R5 config interface vlanl config if ip address 10 0 2 2 255 255 255 252 config if exit config router ospf 1 config router network 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 area 2 config router area 2 stub OSPF Virtual Link Configuration Example Figure 8 presents an example of configuring OSPF virtual link Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 31 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY FIGURE 8 OSPF VIRTUAL LINK CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE Area 0 10 0 0 1 24 10 0 0 2 24 10 0 2 1 24 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1 config if ip address 10 0 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 0 0 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config i
2. ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 10 0 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10 R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 10 0 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR OR config if exit ZXR10_R1l config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 1 ZXR10_R1 config router area 1 nssa default information originate 30 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 0 2 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 0 0 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 area 2 ZXR10_R2 config router area 2 stub Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 10 0 0 3 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 192 168 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R3 config router notify default route always Configuration on R4
3. ZXR10 config router neighbor lt ip address gt fall over This enables BFD in BGP bfd 3 To clear designated BFD session use the following command zxR10 Clear bfd session lt address session address gt lt di This clears designated BFD scriminator discr number gt session 4 To configure RSVP BFD use the following command ZXR10 config if ip rsvp bfd This configures RSVP BFD 108 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 11 BFD Configuration BFD Configuration Example This example shows how to create a connection by binding BFD to RSVP TE LSP and create a connection by configuring BFD on the base of MPLS label Network topology is shown in Figure 32 FIGURE 32 BFD CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE Fei_1 I Fei_1 1 100 1 1 1 100 1 1 2 Switch R1 configuration R1 config mpls traffic eng tunnels R1 config interface fei_1 1 R1 config if ip address 100 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 Rl config interface loopbackl Rl config if ip address 100 0 0 1 255 255 255 255 Rl config router ospf 1 R1 config router network 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 area 1 R1 config router mpls traffic router id loopbackl R1 config router mpls traffic area 1 R1 config interface tunnell R1 config if tunnel mode mpls traffic eng R1 config if tunnel destination ipv4 100 0 0 2 R1 config if tunnel mpls traffic eng path option 1 explicit path identifier 1
4. Configuring Static Route To configure static route use the following command ZXR10 config ip route lt prefix of destination IP This configures static route address gt lt network mask gt lt next hop address gt lt interface gt lt distance metric gt global tag lt tag value gt vrf Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Static Route Configuration Examples Static Route Basic Configuration Example A simple network with three routers connected is shown in Figure 1 FIGURE 1 STATIC ROUTE CONFIGURATION When R1 needs to access network in R3 the static route configu ration is shown below ZXR10_R1 config ip route 192 168 5 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 4 2 ZXR10_R1 config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 4 2 It is seen from the above configuration information that static route is configured in global configuration mode Only one static route can be configured once What next to the ip route are remote network subnet mask and next hop IP address reaching remote network When R1 wants to transmit message to network 192 168 5 0 24 it must deliver the message to R2 with the IP ad dress of 192 168 4 2 R1 and R2 are connected directly Another way to configure static route is shown below ZXR10_R1 config ip route 192 168 5 0 255 255 255 0 vlan2 ZXR10_R1 config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 vlan2
5. route map torouterl deny 10 ZXR10_R4 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R4 config route map torouterl permit 20 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config route bgp 1 ZXR10_R1 config router no synchronization ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 172 16 1 2 remote as 1 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 172 16 1 2 next hop self ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 172 16 20 1 remote as 2 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 183 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 vlan4 ZXR10_R2 config route bgp 1 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 172 16 1 1 remote as 1 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 172 16 1 1 next hop self ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 183 16 20 2 remote as 3 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 183 16 20 2 ebgp multihop 2 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 183 16 20 2 route map torouter5 in ZXR10_R2 config acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R2 config std acl rule 1 permit 155 16 10 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10_R2 config route map torouter5 deny 10 ZXR10_R2 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R2 config route map torouter5 permit 20 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 63 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH Configuration on RS ZXR10_R5 ZXR10_R5 ZXR10 R5 ZXR10_R5 config ip route 173 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 gei_1 1 config route bgp 3 config router neighbor 173 16 20 2 remote as 1 config router neighbor 173 16 20 2 ebgp multihop 2 BGP Maintenance and Diagnosis To config
6. 93 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to via vlan20 193 1 168 111 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to via vlan20 193 1 168 111 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to via vlan20 193 1 168 111 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to via vlan20 193 1 168 111 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 3 RIP Configuration 224 193 193 193 L93 295 86 otT 68 15 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 16 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration Table of Contents OSPF OVERIEW einicccasd cide rt enii 17 COM Te MUG OSPF tas c cate cee riin EEEN RE SRR EN 23 OSPF C nfigu ration Example Ssss isie ai macceenseee 29 OSPF Maintenance and DiaQnOsts vuiivcnvaianetwnraveracmvaaweiwavued 34 OSPF Overview Open Shortest Path First OSPF is one of the most popular and widely used protocols presently OSPF is a link state protocol which overcomes the disadvantages of RIP and other distance vec tor protocols OSPF is an open standard which makes devices of different vendors interconnect with each other through protocol OSPF version 1 is defined in RFC1131 Currently used OSPF ver sion 2 is defined in RFC2328 ZXR10 8900 series switch completely supports OSPF version 2 OSPF has the followi
7. as shown below Sub Second second level Most of IP networks have such requirement and the current technology can satisfy it Sub 500ms 500 milliseconds This objective can be reached and it is being captured Sub 50ms 50 milliseconds This is a business requirement for some specified parts in IP network It can not be reached now The convergence time usually are cost in the following aspects 1 The Time is to discovery unavailable node and link The exam ine time is 10 odd milliseconds for unavailable physical link The examine time is tens seconds for unavailable hello hold time in protocol layer Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 99 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH IP FRR Functions IP FRR Working Procedure LDP FRR Overview 2 The time is to notice the unavailable event to router s controller layer It costs several milliseconds to 10 odd milliseconds 3 The time is to take the corresponding responses to the un available node and link The response implies that trigger and floods the new link state updating packet usually is several milliseconds to 10 odd milliseconds 4 The time is to notice the other nodes in network that the local router link is unavailable Each node costs several milliseconds to a hundred seconds usually 5 The time is to recalculate the trigger route For IGP protocol using Dijkstra arithmetic the time is 10 odd millisec
8. cceeseseeeeeeeeees 6 Figure 4 RIP Configuration Example ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeee es 14 Figure 5 OSPF Router Types srren inienn nR 21 Figure 6 Basic OSPF Configuration Example cccceceeeeeeeee eens 29 Figure 7 Multi Area OSPF Configuration Example cccceseseeeees 30 Figure 8 OSPF Virtual Link Configuration Example ccceceeeee 32 Figure 9 OSPF Authentication Configuration Example 33 Figure 10 TS IS Area a ieaieieees vets see cevecevessedeeeevseevecstereeeeeeP er dees 36 Figure 11 Single Area IS IS Configuration Example 41 Figure 12 Multi Area IS IS Configuration Example cccceeeee 42 Figure 13 Basic BGP Configuration cceeeeeee teens eee e ees 47 Figure 14 BGP Route Advertisement Configuration 48 Figure 15 BGP Route Aggregation Configuration 205 49 Figure 16 EBGP Multi Hop Configuration ccececeeeeeeeee teen ee eeee 50 Figure 17 Filtering Routes through NLRI eeeeeeeeeee eee es 52 Figure 18 Filtering Routes through AS_PATH Attribute 53 Figure 19 LOCAL_PREF Attribute Configuration ccceeeeeees 54 Figure 20 MED Attribute Configuration cccececeeeeeeeeee teen ee eeee 55 Figure 21 Configuring BGP Synchronization c eeeeeee es 58 Figure 22 BGP Route RefleCtOr cceceteeeeeee ee ee eee ee ee ee teen nee en ea ee 60 Figure 23 BGP Confederation cececcceeeeeee teeter eee ee ee eee een ee enna ee
9. filter none Peer ttl threshold 0 SAs learned from this peer 0 This example shows how to view S G states of each MSDP peer ZXR10 show ip msdp sa cache MSDP Source Active Cache 4 entries 101 101 101 101 224 1 1 1 RP 49 4 4 4 00 21 45 00 05 57 101 101 101 101 224 1 1 2 RP 49 4 4 4 00 21 45 00 05 57 101 101 101 101 226 1 1 1 RP 50 4 4 4 00 09 04 00 04 57 101 101 101 101 226 1 1 2 RP 50 4 4 4 00 09 04 00 04 57 This example shows how to view MSDP peer state ZXR10 show ip msdp summary MSDP Peer Status Summary Peer Address State Uptime Downtime ResetCount SACount 101111 Up 1d10h 9 2 ANOS 62 Aad Up 14 24 00 S 20 1033333 Up 12436417 3 10 To configure static IP multicast maintenance and diagnosis per form the following steps zxR10 Show ip multicast static interface index This shows index interface set lt 1 100 gt zXR10 Show ip multicast static route group This shows static IP multicast lt address gt source lt address gt summary route entries 94 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Function Introduction Principle Short Description Chapter 9 Policy Routing Backup Configuration Table of Contents OVERVIEW oie ag ohne Ganenenie E meaner 95 Configuring Polley Routing Backup eis ivceseiereceesereseescsteesdereree 95 Policy Routing Backup Maintenance and DiagnoSis 008 96 Overview To implement policy routing function on switch exec
10. 200 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 1 1 1 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R3 config router redistribute ospf 48 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 6 BGP Configuration Configuring BGP Route Aggregation BGP can aggregate several pieces of learnt routing information into one piece and advertise it to the outside This reduces the number of route entries in the routing table greatly To configure BGP route aggregation perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router aggregate address This advertises aggregated lt ip address gt lt net mask gt count lt count gt as set s BGP routes ummary only strict Example R1 and R2 advertise route 170 20 0 0 16 and 170 10 0 0 16 re spectively as shown in Figure 15 R3 aggregates the two pieces of routing information into 170 0 0 0 8 and advertises it to R4 Af ter that the R4 routing table can only learn the aggregated route 170 0 0 0 8 FIGURE 15 BGP ROUTE AGGREGATION CONFIGURATION 172 20 0 0 16 172 10 0 0 16 2 2 2 0 24 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_Rl config if ip address 2 2 2 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router network 170 20 0 0 255 255 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 300 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if ip addres
11. Example This example shows how to configure to receive group 239 10 10 10 only on interface viani ZXR1O ZXR10 ZXR10 ZXR10 config acl standard number 10 config std acl rule 1 permit 239 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 config interface vlan 1 config if ip igmp access group 10 Example This example shows how to allow group 239 10 10 10 to leave immediately from interface vlan1 ZXR10 config acl basic number 10 ZXR10 config basic acl rule 1 permit 239 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 config if ip igmp immediate leave group list 10 Example This example shows how to configure static group 239 10 10 10 on interface vlani ZXR10 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 config if ip igmp static group 239 10 10 10 Configuring IGMP Timers After enabling IGMP on multicast router interfaces that is con nected to the shared network the optimum router is elected as the query router in this network Query router is responsible for obtaining group member information by sending query messages After sending a query message query router waits for receiving Host Membership Reports in a period of time The duration is the value of max response time contained in the query message sent 10 seconds by default After receiving query message host mem bers in the network take the result of max response time minus a random offset value as their own response time If other Host Member Reports are received in this period it is cance
12. If the routers have the same priority the one with the largest IP address is selected In the shared network segment that is connected to the multi cast data source only DR can send Register messages to RP In the shared network segment that is connected to the receivers only DR can respond to IGMP Join Leave messages and send PIM Join Prune messages to upstream routers To configure DR priority perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vian lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip pim dr priority lt priority gt This configures DR priority Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 83 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Ignoring DR Election DR election is necessary on a shared network When a DR is the first hop it implements source registration When a DR is the last hop that is the receiver it implements joining of multicast group After normal DR election non DRs can not reply requirements of IGMP join or IGMP leave If DR election is ignored each device is a DR They can reply re quirements of IGMP join or IGMP leave from the downlink users and send joining messages or pruning messages to upstream de vices By default DR election is enabled To ignore DR election perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vian lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip pim ignor
13. R1 config ip explicit path identifier 1 next address 100 1 1 2 strict R1 config interface tunnell R1 config if tunnel mpls traffic eng bfd Rl config show bfd neighbors rsvp lsp Tunnel LD RD Hold State Int tunnell 2 2 150 UP fei 1 1 R2 config sho bfd neighbors rsvp lsp OurAddr NeighAddr LD RD Holdown mult State Int 100 1 1 3 1001512 2 2 150 3 UP fei_1 1 Rl config show bfd neighbor detail Registered protocols RSVP LSP R2 configuration R2 config mpls traffic eng tunnels R2 config interface fei 1 1 R2 config if ip address 100 1 1 2 255 255 255 0 R2 config interface loopbackl R2 config if ip address 100 0 0 2 255 255 255 255 R2 config router ospf 1 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 109 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH R2 config router network 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 area 1 R2 config router mpls traffic router id loopbackl R2 config router mpls traffic area 1 BFD Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure BFD maintenance and diagnosis perform the follow ing steps 1 To display BFD session information use the following com mand zxR10 Show bfd neighbors brief detail This displays BFD session information This example shows brief BFD session information ZXR10 show bfd neighbors OurAddr NeighAddr LD RD RH Holdown mult State Int 172 1610 1 Li2 16 10 2 1 6 t 260 3 Up Fa0 1 This example shows detailed BF
14. This configuration is similar to the method mentioned above The only difference is that in the above method next hop IP address is applied while in this method local interface is applied It transmits all messages towards network 192 168 5 0 24 and 192 168 6 0 24 from VLAN2 instead of routing to next hop logical address When multiple paths to the same destination are available con figure the router with multiple static routes with different admin istrative distance values Routing table only shows the routing information with the minimum distance value When the router is notified that there are multiple competitive sources to a net work the route with the minimum administrative distance value has a higher priority Parameter distance metric in ip route com mand can be used to change the administrative distance value of a static route Assume that there are two different routes from R1 to 192 168 6 0 24 network segment and the configuration is shown below 4 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 2 Static Route Configuration ZXR10_Rl config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 4 2 ZXR10_Rl config ip route 192 168 6 0 255 255 255 0 192 168 3 2 25 tag 10 The above two commands configure two different static routes to the same network The first command does not configure admin istrative distance value so default value 1 is applied The sec ond command configures the administrative d
15. addr gt lt 0 7 gt next hop5 lt ip addr gt lt 0 7 gt next hop6 lt jip addr gt lt 0 7 gt next hop7 lt ip addr gt lt 0 7 gt next hop8 lt j p addr gt lt 0O 7 gt Use command no redirect lt ac no gt lt acl name gt rule id lt ru e no gt to delete redirect configuration Parameters acl no acl name ACL number ACL name acl no ranges from 1 to 349 and from 1000 to 3499 frute id This is the number of ACL rule ranging from 1 to 1000 pu thisredress top interface This redirects to the designated interface nextrhop This species IP address of the next hop used for policy routing _ next hopt This species IP address of the next hop used for policy routing _ nexthop2 This species 1P adress of the next hop used for policy routing _ next hop3 This species IP address of the next hop used for policy routing _ next hops This species IP address of the next hop used for policy routing _ Policy Routing Backup Maintenance and Diagnosis Short Description By executing command show related information of specific ACL and configuration entries related to PBR BACK can be viewed ZXR10 config show qos number lt ac number gt name This shows QoS configuration lt acl name gt rule id lt rule no gt information 96 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDHY Chapter 9 Policy Routing Backup Configuration Parameters This is ACL numb
16. and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDX Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration OSPF Authentication Authentication can be applied in packet switching between two OSPF neighbors The neighbors must agree on authentication type which is contained in all packets This is shown in Table 3 TABLE 3 OSPF AUTHENTICATION Simple text authentication When configuring simple password authentication one interface allows only one password the password of each interface can be different but in a specific network every interface must have iden tical password Simple password is transmitted by OSPF packets through clear text Configuring OSPF Enabling OSPF To enable OSPF perform the following steps ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router network lt jip address gt lt wildcar This defines interface which d mask gt area lt area id gt runs OSPF and the area which the interface belongs to Configuring OSPF Interface Timers Many OSPF characteristics can be self defined to adapt to any net work environment Although in most cases it is not necessary to modify the default value of the timer sometimes adjusting timer can improve the protocol performance To configure OSPF interface timers perform the following steps Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 23 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume
17. config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip ospf authentication This sets authentication type null message digest of interface Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 27 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 config if ip ospf authentication key This sets key for the interface lt password gt with the type of simple text authentication ZXR10 config if ip ospf message digest key lt key This sets key for the id gt md5 lt password gt encrypt delay lt time gt interface with the type of MD5 authentication Configuring Routes to Support Opaque LSA In the process of link state database switching the opaque LSA is contained in database abstract list and transmitted to the adjacent routers that do not support opaque LSA When a router floods opaque LSA to adjacent router it first checks whether the adjacent router supports opaque LSA The opaque LSA is only transmitted to the adjacent routers that support this function They are added to the link state retransmission list of the adjacent router When the link state update report is a multicast packet the adjacent routers that do not support this function will receive this advertisement passively and then simply discard To configure routes to support opaque LSA perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt
18. configure neighbor perform the following steps ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router neighbor lt j p address gt cost This configures neighbor lt cost gt priority lt priority gt poll interval router in the non broadcast lt seconds gt network Configuring OSPF Area OSPF uses area to implement hierarchical routing OSPF area cov ers stub area totally stubby area and not so stubby area The backbone area belongs to conversion area To configure OSPF area use one of the following commands ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt stub default cost This configures an area to be lt cost gt stub area ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt stub no summary This configures an area to be default cost lt cost gt totally stubby area ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt nssa no redi This configures an area to be stribution default information originate metric not so stubby area lt metric value gt metric type lt type gt no summary Configuring Inter Area Route Aggregation One of the reasons for OSPF s prevalence is route aggregation The router aggregation can occur between areas or between au tonomous systems The inter area route aggregation occurs in ABR while inter autonomous systems route aggregation occurs in ASBR Configuring stub area can save route resources in the stub area but it doe
19. eee teeta eee eees 51 Filtering Routes through AS_PATH Attribute 52 Configuring LOCAL_PREF Attribute neeese 53 Configuring MED Attribute eceeeeeeee eee ee teens eee ee ees 55 Configuring Community String Attribute ccceeeeee eas 56 Configuring BGP Synchronization ccccceeeeneeeeeaeeeneeas 57 Configuring BGP Route Reflector cceceeeeseeeeeee renee 59 Configuring BGP Confederation ccccceeeeeeseeeaeeaeeeaeeas 60 Configuring BGP Route Dampening ccecceseeeeeeeeeneeas 62 BGP Configuration Example c sceeeeeeeeee test eeee tena eeeees 62 BGP Maintenance and Diagnosis sceeeeeeeeee eee ee eee ees 64 Load Sharing Configuration cccsscssssesseeeeseeeees OD Load Sharing Overview cecceeeeeeeeee eee ee eee eeee ee eeeeeaens 65 Configuring Load Sharing cceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee tana 66 Load Sharing Configuration ExamplesS cccsceseeeseeseeeeeeaees 66 Load Sharing through Static ROute ceceeeeeeee eee ee 66 Load Sharing through OSPF c sseeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeaeees 68 Load Sharing Maintenance and DiagnosSis eeeeee 68 Multicast Route Configuration ccssseessseesseeas Z L IP Multicast Overview ssssssssessessernsrnsnnresserrerrnrnresresnns 71 IP Multicast ACCreSS ccccceceeceeee eee eeee ee eeeaeeeaeeaeeaaennes 71 TG MP vesky iia tea ea eae ae ak See Ae 72 MUIticaSt Tree an
20. end IS IS Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure IS IS maintenance and diagnosis perform the follow ing steps show isis adjacency level 1 level 2 vrf This views neighbor state lt vrf name gt show isis circuits detail vrf lt vrf name gt This views interface information show isis database level 1 level 2 detail This views current IS IS lt vrf name gt database information ZX show isis topology level 1 level 2 vrf This views current IS IS lt vrf name gt topology o debug isis adj packets This tracks hello message that IS IS received and transmitted zZxR10 debug isis snp packets This tracks SNP message that IS IS received and transmitted zxR10 debug isis spf events This tracks IS IS routing calculation event debugging information ZxR10 debug isis update packets This tracks IS IS LSP packet processing event debugging information 44 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 6 BGP Configuration Table of Contents BOP VS e nraen oneen E E 45 CONNAN BOP orreen iner EEN RE SRRA ER 46 BGP Configuration Example nra iaaa 62 BGP Maintenance and DiaghosSiS srsrsrsrersrerssvorernreiirerisrurei 64 BGP Overview Border Gateway Protocol BGP is an inter domain routing proto col exchanging Network Layer Reachable Information NLRI be tween ASs that run BGP The information mainly includes the list of ASs that a route passes through which can be used to co
21. i ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual Ethernet Switching Volume ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual MPLS Volume ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual IPv6 Volume ii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 1 Safety Instructions Table of Contents Salety Iie uc OM eir 1 caret DSCC osiccdisieescrnis ears ER N 1 Safety Introduction In order to operate the equipment in a proper way follow these instructions Only qualified professionals are allowed to perform installation operation and maintenance due to the high temperature and high voltage of the equipment Observe the local safety codes and relevant operation pro cedures during equipment installation operation and mainte nance to prevent personal injury or equipment damage Safety precautions introduced in this manual are supplementary to the local safety codes ZTE bears no responsibility in case of universal safety oper ation requirements violation and safety standards violation in designing manufacturing and equipment usage Safety Description Contents deserving special attention during configuration of ZXR10 8900 series switch are explained in the following table Note
22. if the sequence is not followed IP Multicast Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10 8900 series switch supports maintenance and diagnosis commands for different multicast protocols To configure public IP multicast maintenance and diagnosis per form the following steps zxXR10 Show ip mroute group lt group address gt so This displays IP multicast urce lt source address gt summary brief routing table ZXR10 Show ip mforwarding module lt number gt su_ This displays multicast mmary group address lt group address gt source forwarding route entries address lt source address gt 90 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration This displays information of multicast RPF zZXR10 Clear ip mroute group address lt group addr This deletes multicast routing ess gt source address lt source address gt table Example IGMP Maintenance and Diagnosis Note For command in step 2 when this command does not contain any source address option it displays the G and S G multicast forwarding entries If it contains a source address option it dis plays the S G multicast forwarding entries For command in step 4 when this command does not contain any option all the multicast route entries are deleted This example shows how to view IP multicast routing table ZXR10 show ip mroute IP Multicast Routing Table Flags D
23. individual route is advertised as an external LSA when routes of other protocols are redistributed to OSPF Use route aggregation to advertise these routes This reduces the size of OSPF link state database significantly To configure route redistribution perform the following steps ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router redistribute lt protoco gt as This redistributes other lt as number gt peer lt peer address gt tag routing protocols to OSPF lt tag value gt metric lt metric value gt metric type autonomous system and lt type gt route map lt name gt make the router to be an ASBR ZXR10 config router summary address This constructs aggregation lt ip address gt lt net mask gt address for OSPF and summarizes other routing protocol routes that are redistributed to OSPF Configuring OSPF Authentication In order to enhance the security of routing process in the network configure OSPF authentication on router To set interface pass word the network neighborhood must use the same password in the network To configure OSPF authentication perform the following steps R10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt R10 config router area lt area id gt authentication This enables authentication in essage digest OSPF area This exits OSPF route configuration mode ZXR10
24. information between each pair of neighbor routers will waste a great deal of network bandwidth Therefore OSPF defines a Designated Router DR and a Backup Designated Router BDR DR has the following duties To represent the multi access network and it s attached routers to the rest of the internet work To manage the flooding process on the multi access network DR and BDR must establish an adjacency relationship with each OSPF router on the network Each OSPF router only establishes adjacency relationships with DR and BDR If the DR stops working then BDR will take its place and becomes DR Router Priority and DR Election Each router has a priority which will affect the router s capability of becoming DR or BDR in the connected network The router priority is indicated by octet unsigned integer with the range of 0 255 1 by default In DR election the router with the highest priority will become the DR When the priorities are the same the router with the highest election IP address is the DR The router with the priority of O cannot become DR or BDR OSPF Area OSPF divides the network into several minor parts to reduce the in formation size that each router stores and maintains Each router must have the integrated information of the area it resides in Areas can share their information Routing information can be fil trated which can reduce the size of routing information saved in the router One are
25. o Provides additional information Important e Provides great significance or consequence Result Provides consequence of actions Example O Provides instance illustration Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 2 Static Route Configuration Table of Contents Statie ROUTE DIVER VIEW eccicerwrercidecn a enntesierseeuanteretes 3 Connorin Statie ROUitics su cnssesepecasccnsecantatenceitiedaarsiniaianesonte 3 Static Route Configuration Examples s sss s sssssssrssrrsrrssssrnsernns 4 Static Route Maintenance and Diagnosis ssssssereresrrrreeerrrer 7 Static Route Overview Static Route is that the network administrator specifies routing information to routing table by configuration command unlike dy namic route creating routing table according to routing algorithm When configuring dynamic route sometimes users need to trans mit routing information of the whole Internet to a router which exceeds the load of the router in such situation static route can be employed to solve the problem Application of static route which requires relatively fewer configurations can avoid the us age of dynamic route However the configuration of static route will become complicated when in the environment with multiple routers and multiple paths
26. of R4 so Ri takes update packet from R3 FIGURE 20 MED ATTRIBUTE CONFIGURATION 170 10 0 0 24 _ 180 10 0 0 24 2 2 2 2 30 S E R3 1 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 2 30 F R4 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 remote as 400 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 55 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 4 4 4 1 remote as 400 Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor route map setmetricout out remote as 100 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor send med NNN NNN NNN NNNN ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 1 1 1 2 remote as 400 ZXR10_R3 config route map setmetricout permit 10 ZXR10_R3 config route map set metric 120 Configuration on R4 ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor route map setmetricout out remote as 100 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor send med w w w w w w w w w 1 1 1 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 1 1 1 1 remote as 400 ZXR10_R4 config route map setmetricout permit 10 ZXR10_R4 config route map set metric 200 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 400 config rout
27. of two routers To establish EBGP neighborhood on non di rect connect interfaces the following commands shall be used to perform EBGP multihop configuration as well as proper IGP or static route configuration to enable intercommunication between non direct connect neighbors ZXR10 config router neighbor lt jip address gt This configures EBGP multi hop ebgp multihop ttl lt va ue gt Example As shown in Figure 16 to establish neighborhood between R1 and the non direct connected interface IP address is 180 225 11 1 on R2 it needs to set EBGP multi hop FIGURE 16 EBGP MULTI Hop CONFIGURATION Configuration of R1 ZXR10_R1l config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 180 225 11 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 180 225 11 1 ebgp multihop Configuration of R2 ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 129 213 1 2 remote as 100 50 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 6 BGP Configuration Filtering Routes through Route Map Route filtering and attribute setting are the basis of BGP route selection Input or output route attributes can be controlled as required by route filtering Route map is used to control routing information and re distribute routes between route domains based on defined conditions Route map usually determines route selections with the use of route at tributes To filter routes through route
28. router network 101 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 102 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 103 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR 0_R2 config router network 104 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 105 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 106 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 107 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR 0 _R2 config router network 20 1 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router maximum paths 7 Load Sharing Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure load sharing maintenance and diagnosis use the fol lowing command ZXR10 Show ip route lt p address gt lt net mask gt lt prot This displays load sharing ocol gt configuration and running information Example This example describes seven paths reaching destination network segment 20 1 1 0 24 on R1 when adopting static route load shar ing ZXR10_Rl show ip route 20 1 1 0 IPv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Interface Owner pri metr 20 1140 255 255 255 0 07 11 21 vlan7 static 1 0 20 1 10 255 255 255 0 O6 1 1 1 vlan6 static 1 9 20 110 255 255 255 0 05 1 1 1 vlan5 static 1 0 20110 258 255 255 0 04 1 1 1 vlan4 Static 1 0 20x110 255 255 255 0 OS deded vlan3 static 1 0 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 C2 sal wd e al vlan2 static i 0 20 161 0 255 255 255 0 OT gals dealt vlanl static 1 0 68 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE COR
29. vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt 2 ZXR10 config router capability opaque This configures routes to support opaque LSA Modifying OSPF Administrative Distance Administrative distance represents the reliability of information source Administrative distance is an integer in the range of 0 255 The higher value is the lower reliability is When admin istrative distance is 255 it means that the routing information source is unreliable To modify OSPF administrative distance perform the following steps 28 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDX Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router distance ospf internal This modifies OSPF lt distance gt ext1 lt distance gt ext2 lt distance gt administrative distance Note ZXR10 8900 series switch defines three types of administrative distances of OSPF routes internal route type 1 external route and type 2 external routes By default administrative distances of the three types of routes are 110 OSPF Configuration Examples Basic OSPF Configuration Example As shown in Figure 6 run OSPF in routers R1 and R2 and divide the network into three areas FIGURE 6 BASIC OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 192 168 2 1 24 ge tee Area 24 192 168 1 2 24 3 92 168 1 1 24 192 168 3 1 24 R2 Configurat
30. 0 config if ip pim neighbor filter This limits PIM SM neighbors lt access list number gt Example This example shows how to limit PIM SM neighbors Router 10 1 1 1 is not allowed to be a PIM neighbor on interface vlani ZXR10 config acl basic number 10 ZXR10 config basic acl rule 1 deny 10 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 config basic acl rule 2 permit any ZXR10 config interface vlan 1 ZXR10 config if ip pim neighbor filter 10 Configuring MSDP Enabling MSDP To configure an MSDP peer and enable MSDP use the following command Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 85 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 config ip msdp peer lt peer address gt This configures an MSDP peer connect source lt interface name gt and enables MSDP Configuring Default MSDP Peer To configure default MSDP peer use the following command ZXR10 config ip msdp default peer lt peer address gt list This configures default MSDP lt acl number gt peer Note When default MSDP peer is configured the local router accepts all SA messages from the peer Configuring Originating RP To configure an originating RP use the following command ZXR10 config ip msdp originator id lt interface name gt This configures an originating RP aid Note This command generates the MSDP speaker of SA messages It also uses address of specified interface as the RP a
31. 0 0 0 0 area 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 100 1 0 0 0 0 area 0 ZXR10_R1 config router fast reroute alternate protect type default R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config interface fei_2 4 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 15 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config interface fei 2 6 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 100 2 255 255 255 0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 103 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10 R2 config router ospf 2 ZXR10_R2 config router network 192 168 15 2 0 0 0 0 area 0 ZXR10 R2 config router network 192 168 100 2 0 0 0 0 area 0 ZXR10_R2 config router exit IS IS FRR Configuration Example This example describes how to configure IS IS FRR As shown in Figure 29 R1 and R2 run IS IS protocol FRR function is enabled on R1 FIGURE 29 IS IS FRR CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE fei 2 4 fei 2 4 fei 2 6 fei_2 6 R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config router isis ZXR10_R1 config router area 01 ZXR10_R1 config router system id 00D0 D0C7 53E0 ZXR10_R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config interface fei_2 4 ZXR10_Rl config if ip address 192 168 15 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1l config if ip router isis ZXR10_R1 config if isis metric 5 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config interface fei 2 6 ZXR10_Rl config if ip address 192 168 100
32. 0 0 24 R1 learns a route to 170 10 0 0 from AS 300 It advertises this route to R2 through IBGP connection Principle of BGP synchronization is when a router advertises a route that is learnt from IBGP peer to a BGP peer or adds this route to IGP routing table there must be an IGP route from this route to the destination According to principle of BGP synchronization R2 does not adver tise the route that is learnt from Ri to R4 It is because there is no route from R2 to 170 10 0 0 in IGP routing table There are two ways to solve this problem 1 Redistribute BGP routes on Ri or R2 into OSPF 2 Run IBGP on R5 and make Ri and R2 full connected Then disables BGP synchronization on these three routers To disable BGP synchronization use the following command ZXR10 config router no synchronization This disables BGP synchroniza tion Note By default BGP synchronization is enabled Example This example shows how to disable BGP synchronization on R2 in Figure 21 ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 100 58 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 6 BGP Configuration ZXR10_R2 config router no synchronization Configuring BGP Route Reflector For the BGP routers within the same AS the neighbor relation should be established between every two routers to enable an overall interconnection In this way the number of neighbors in creases to n n 1 2 n is the numb
33. 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if ip router isis ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config router isis ZXR10_R1 config router fast reroute enable ZXR10_R1 config router exit R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config router isis ZXR10_R2 config router area 00 ZXR10_R2 config router system id 00D0 E0D7 53E0 ZXR10_R2 config router exit ZXR10_R2 config interface fei 2 4 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 15 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if ip router isis ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config interface fei 2 6 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 100 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if ip router isis ZXR10_R2 config if exit BGP FRR Configuration Example This example describes how to configure BGP FRR 104 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 10 IP LDP FRR Configuration As show in Figure 30 R1 and R2 run BGP protocol FRR function is enabled on Ri R2 redistributes static routes and the mas ter slave routes are formed on R1 FIGURE 30 BGP FRR CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE fei_2 4 fei_2 4 fei 2 6 fei_2 6 RI R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config interface fei_2 4 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 192 168 15 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config interface fei 2 6 ZXR10_ R1 config if ip address 192 168 100 1 255 255 2550 ZXR OR config if exit ZXR10 R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neigh
34. 1 is connected to R2 over seven links This is shown in Figure 25 FIGURE 25 LOAD SHARING CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 10 1 1 2 24 20 1 1 2 24 vlan8 vlan8 amp A 10 1 1 1 24 a l a 20 1 1 1 24 A E gt As Rl R2 vlan7 107 1 1 1 30 vlan7 107 1 1 2 30 vlan6 106 1 1 1 30 vlan6 106 1 1 2 30 vlan5 105 1 1 1 30 vlan5 105 1 1 2 30 vlan4 104 1 1 1 30 vlan4 104 1 1 2 30 vlan3 103 1 1 1 30 vlan3 103 1 1 2 30 vlan2 102 1 1 1 30 vlan2 102 1 1 2 30 vlanl 101 1 1 1 30 vlanl 101 1 1 2 30 66 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTERHY Chapter 7 Load Sharing Configuration To configure load sharing through static route the configuration is shown below Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan ZXR10_ Rl config if ip address 101 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_ Rl config if ip address 102 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan3 ZXR10_ Rl config if ip address 103 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan4 ZXR10_ Rl config if ip address 104 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan5 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 105 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan6 ZXR10_Rl config if ip address 106 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan7 ZXR10_ Rl config if ip address 107 1 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan8 ZXR
35. 10_ Rl config if ip address 10 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 OTs 2 tag 157 ZXR10_Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 06 eZ tag 156 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 05 2 tag 155 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 04 1 1 2 tag 154 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 03 z2 tag 153 ZXR10_R1 config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 02 2 tag 152 ZXR10_ Rl config ip route 20 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 0l 2 tag 151 ANU EO on R2 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan ZXR z config if ip address 101 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 102 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan3 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 103 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan4 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 104 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan5 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 105 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan6 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 106 1 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan7 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 107 1 1 3 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan8 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 20 1 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_ R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 OF adel tag 157 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 06 1 7 3 tag 156 ZXR10_ R
36. 2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 OS sd tag 155 ZXR10_ R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 04 1 1 tag 154 ZXR10_ R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 03 1 1 tag 153 ZXR10_ R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 0241 1 tag 152 ZXR10_R2 config ip route 10 1 1 0 255 255 255 0 01 1 1 tag 151 Seven links between R1 and R2 implement load sharing and over these links the user PC1 and the user PC2 can access each other Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 67 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Load Sharing through OSPF For the topology shown in the above example configuration of load sharing through OSPF is shown below Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 100 ZXR10_R1 config router network 101 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R1 config router network 102 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 103 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 104 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 105 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 106 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R1 config router network 107 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 1 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 ZXR10 R1 config router maximum paths 7 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 100 ZXR10 R2 config
37. 5 R5 R5 R5 R5 RS R5 R5 R5 config router isis config router area 02 config router system id 00D0 DOCF 53E0 config router is type LEVEL 1 2 config router exit config interface vlan4 config if config if ip address 192 168 16 5 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan6 config if config if config if config if config if ip address 192 168 13 5 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 1 exit Configuration on R6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 43 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH ZXR10_R6 config router isis ZXR10 R6 config router area 02 ZXR10_R6 config router system id 00D0 0ECD 53E0 ZXR10_ R6 config router is type LEVEL 1 ZXR10_R6 config router exit ZXR10 R6 config interface vlan4 ZXR10_R6 config if ip address 192 168 13 6 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R6 config if ip router isis ZXR10_R6 config if isis circuit type LEVEL 1 ZXR10 R6 config router exit ZXR10_R6 config interface vlan8 ZXR10_R6 config if ip address 192 168 14 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R6 config if exit ZXR10_R6 config ip route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192 168 14 10 ZXR10 R6 config router isis ZXR10_R6 config router default information originate ZXR10 R6 config router redistribute protocol static metric 10 ZXR10_R6 config router
38. 5 5 5 aN Lo 6 6 6 6 Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor B amp R RD bd TIRP RDN DO BTR RD dS BTR RD db remote as 100 route reflector client remote as 100 route reflector client remote as 100 remote as 100 remote as 100 Configuring BGP Confederation Route confederation has the similar function as the route reflector It is to reduce the number of IBGP neighbor connections in an AS Route confederation allows an AS to be divided into multi sub ASs IBGP routers in the AS belong to the sub ASs respectively IBGP is established within the sub ASs EBGP is established between the sub ASs The sub AS ID is called confederation ID Sub ASs are invisible to the outside world of the AS To configure BGP confederation perform the following steps 60 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 6 BGP Configuration le ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process lt value gt 3 ZXR10 config router bgp confederation peers This sets AS ID of a lt value gt lt value gt confederation peer Example There are five BGP routers in AS200
39. 61 Figure 24 BGP Configuration EXample sssssssssrssrrssrrsrrreeensen 63 Figure 25 Load Sharing Configuration Example 05 66 Figure 26 Static IP Multicast Configuration Example 79 Figure 27 IP Multicast Configuration Example cesseceeeeee enna ee 89 Figure 28 OSPF FRR Configuration Example ccccceceeeeeeeee ens 103 Figure 29 IS IS FRR Configuration Example cccceceeeeeeeee eens 104 Figure 30 BGP FRR Configuration Example ccceseeeeeeeee sree ee 105 Figure 31 LDP FRR Configuration Example ccccececeeeeeeeee ens 105 Figure 32 BFD Configuration Example eceeeeeeeeeeeee es 109 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 111 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 112 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Tables Table 1 CHAPTER SUMMARY cccceeeeeceeeeeececeueeeeeeeeeeeenunnnnags i Table 3 OSPF Authentication ccccccccecceccceeeeeeeeueeeveeusuueeennens 23 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 113 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 114 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION List of Glossary ABR Area Border Router AD Administrative Distance AS Autonomous System ASBR Autonomous System Border Router BDR Backup Designate Router BGP Border Gateway Protoc
40. D session information OurAddr NeighAddr LD RD RH Holdown mult State Int 172 16 10 1 172 16 10 2 1 2 1 460 3 Up Fa0 1 Local Diag 0 Demand mode 0 Poll bit 0 MinTxInt 200000 MinRxInt 200000 Multiplier 5 Received MinRxInt 1000 Received Multiplier 3 Holdown hits 600 0 Hello hits 200 390169 Rx Count 229225 Rx Interval ms min max avg 208 440 332 last 144 ms ago Tx Count 388219 Tx Interval ms min max avg 148 248 196 last 48 ms ago Registered protocols OSPF Stub Uptime 17 44 37 Last packet Version 0 Diagnostic 0 Hear You bit 1 Demand bit 0 Poll bit 0 Final bit 0 2 To debug BFD use the following command zxR10 debug bfd event packet error This debugs BFD This example shows BFD event debugging information ZXR10 debug bfd event 22 56 35 BED bfd neighbor action CREATE proc 1024 idb FastEthernet0 1 neighbor 172 16 10 2 22 56 37 Session 172 16 10 1 172 16 10 2 Fa0 1 1 event RX IHY 0 state FAILING gt DOWN 22 56 37 Session 172 16 10 1 172 16 10 2 Fa0 1 1 event RX IHY 0 state DOWN gt INIT 22 56 37 Session 172 16 10 1 172 16 10 2 Fa0 1 1 event RX IHY 1 state INIT gt UP 110 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Figures Figure 1 Static Route Configuration ccceceeeee eee ee teen nena ees 4 Figure 2 Static Route Aggregation Configuration Example 5 Figure 3 Default Route Configuration Example
41. Dense S Sparse C Connected L Local P Pruned R RP bit set F Register flag T SPT bit set J Join SPT M MSDP created entry N No Used U Up Send A Advertised via MSDP X Proxy Join Timer Running Assert flag Statistic Receive packet count Send packet count Timers Uptime Expires Interface state Interface Next Hop or VCD State Mode 229 3 3 16 00 00 01 00 03 34 RP 5 5 Incoming interface vlan5 RPF nbr 5 5 5 Outgoing interface list NULL 100 1 1 100 229 3 3 16 00 00 01 00 03 34 0 0 flags UN Incoming interface vlan4 RPF nbr 4 4 4 5 Outgoing interface list Vlan6 Forward Sparse 00 00 01 00 03 29 5 6 p 0 0 flags SP 6 This example shows how to view multicast forwarding route en tries ZXR10 show ip forwarding mroute module 7 group address 229 3 3 16 IP Forwarding Multicast Routing Table Flags N No Used U Up Send L Limit upSend A Assert send 229 3 3 16 Flags HitFlag 0 Incoming interface Null LastSrcIp 0 0 0 0 Outgoing vlan interface list NULL L2bitmap 0x0000000000000000 L3bitmap 0x0000000000000000 100 1 1 100 229 3 3 16 Flags HitFlag 0 Incoming interface vlan4 19 3 LastSrcIp 0 0 0 0 Outgoing vlan interface list NULL L2bitmap 0x4000000000000008 L3bitmap 0x0000000000000000 To configure IGMP maintenance and diagnosis perform the follow ing steps Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 91 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume
42. INALI EENAA EAREN dues cee nes 20 LSA Types and DiffUSION sssssssssssssssrrrrrrrrssssserrrrrrrrress 21 Stub Area and Totally Stubby Area sssssssssssssssssrsesrens 22 Not So Stubby Arearen as papia a E A a 22 OSPF Authentication cccccsceeseeecesseeeeeeeeseeeaeeaeeeaeaes 23 Configuring OSPF aereas rinanta n SeN a erence decane emesis 23 Enabling OSPF aeaea aa a ean eaa en aaa EREA i a Aria AA Gat 23 Configuring OSPF Interface TIMELS cccceceeneeeeeeeeeneeas 23 Configuring OSPF Interface COSt cccceceeeeseeaeeeeeneeas 24 Configuring OSPF Interface Priority n se 24 Configuring OSPF Neighbor cccceseeee eee eeeeeaeeaeeaeeeaeeas 25 Configuring OSPF Area eiei i tE ATE EOE 25 Configuring Inter Area Route Aggregation essees 25 Configuring Default Route Advertisement 26 Configuring Virtual Link ssssssssssssssrrssrrrrserrrsrnrerrsrerrrers 26 Configuring Route Redistribution ssssesssssseserrrrrrerssnn 27 Configuring OSPF Authentication sssssseseeeerererrererrre 27 Configuring Routes to Support Opaque LSA cceeeeeeees 28 Modifying OSPF Administrative Distance esec 28 OSPF Configuration Examples cccccescsceeseeeeeeeeeaeeaeeaaeenes 29 Basic OSPF Configuration Example cccceceeseeeeeeeeenees 29 Multi Area OSPF Configuration Example 0eeeee 30 OSPF Virtual Link Configuration Example 00 31 OSPF Authentication Configuration Example 5 33 OSPF Maintenanc
43. PORATION ZTEDH Chapter 7 Load Sharing Configuration It can be seen that seven paths reaching the destination network segment 20 1 1 0 24 on R1 when adopting dynamic route protocol OSPF load sharing ZXR IPv4 20 0 Rl show ip route 20 Routing Table Dest els PRPRPRPRP a a a E e E e ae fo 209z 259 200 255x 259 2959 200 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Mask 255 255 2094 209s 255 255 299s 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 ooo cdc 2a amp PRPRPRPRPRPR PRPRPRPRPRPP PRPRPRPRPRPPR Interface vian7 vlan6 vlan5 vlan4 vlan3 vlan2 vianl Owner ospf ospf ospf ospf ospf ospf ospf pri metr 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 2 NNMNNN NH 69 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 70 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration Table of Contents IP Multicast OVERVIEW cccscncccn rise rncdcatterenerauderentesieercnevendirenes 71 Enanling IF MUMCAS T iaire aara ERAN 75 Enabling IP Multicast Load SHANG vciccsececesccecsscerecesneneseceecenae 75 Conngurmo IGMP serrsrenara a vain 76 Configuring Static IP MUIICaSt nsiiccirsnsscrrisretasnncineracxeainnranna 78 Conhgurmg PIM SM sreap eene a 79 COMMUN MS OP sirrin arna aR R E 85 IP Multicast Configuration Example ssssssssrsssrrrersrerrsrrrrrees 88 IP Mu
44. Point to Point m Point to Multipoint Virtual Links Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration Hello Packet and Timers OSPF router exchanges Hello packet at a certain interval whose function is to keep alive among neighbors Hello packet can detect OSPF neighbor create association and adjacency among neigh bors and select designated router In broadcast and point to point network types Hello packets are multicast packets in NBMA net work point to multipoint and virtual links Hello packets are uni cast packets OSPF uses three kinds of hello packet related timers a Calling Interval Calling interval is a property of interface which defines the interval of sending hello packets by the router from each inter face The default calling interval is determined by the network type In the broadcast and point to point network the default calling interval is 10 seconds while in NBMA and point to mul tipoint network the default calling interval is 30 seconds The adjacent routers must accept the length of calling interval so as to become neighbors Router dead interval The router dead interval refers to the waiting time from the router receiving the last hello packet from neighbor to the router detecting that the neighbor is offline The default router dead interval is four times of calling interval which is applica ble to all network types Poll Interval Po
45. ZTEDH ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode ZXR10 2 config if ip ospf hello interval lt seconds gt This configures Hello message transmission interval ZXR10 config if ip ospf retransmit interval This configures LSA lt seconds gt retransmission interval 0 config if ip ospf transmit delay lt seconds gt This configures transmission delay of link state update packet 5 ZXR10 config if ip ospf dead interval lt seconds gt This configures dead time of neighbors Configuring OSPF Interface Cost To configure OSPF interface cost perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip ospf cost lt cost gt This sets interface cost Note When using network devices of multiple vendors make sure that all OSPF can work together For example all routers must use the same method to calculate interface cost Configuring OSPF Interface Priority To configure OSPF interface priority perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip ospf priority lt priority gt This sets interface priority 24 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDX Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration Configuring OSPF Neighbor To
46. ZTEDR ZXR10 8900 Series 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Plaza Keji Road South Hi Tech Industri rial Park Nanshan District Shenzhen a i a Ta 86 755 26771900 ies 86 755 26770801 RL http ensupport zte com cn 3 mail support zte com cn Version 2 8 02 C LEGAL INFORMATION Copyright 2006 ZTE CORPORATION The contents of this document are protected by copyright laws and international treaties Any reproduction or distribution of this document or any portion of this document in any form by any means without the prior written consent of ZTE CORPO RATION is prohibited Additionally the contents of this document are protected by contractual confidentiality obligations All company brand and product names are trade or service marks or registered trade or service marks of ZTE CORPORATION or of their respective owners This document is provided as is and all express implied or statutory warranties representations or conditions are dis claimed including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose title or non in fringement ZTE CORPORATION and its licensors shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on the information contained herein ZTE CORPORATION or its licensors may have current or pending intellectual property rights or applications covering the subject matter of this document Exc
47. ZTERHY This displays IGMP configuration information on interface ZXR10 Show ip igmp groups lt interface name gt This displays IGMP group joining information on an interface aid Note IGMP configuration information includes current IGMP version query router ID query time interval and max response time Example This example shows how to view IGMP configuration information on interface vian4 ZXR10 show ip igmp interface vlan4 vian4 nternet address is 4 4 4 4 subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 GMP is enabled on interface Current IGMP version is 2 GMP query interval is 125 seconds GMP last member query interval is 1 seconds GMP query max response time is 10 seconds GMP querier timeout period is 251 seconds GMP querier is 4 4 4 4 never expire nbound IGMP access group is not set GMP immediate leave control is not set This example shows how to view the group member information on interface vlani ZXR10 show ip igmp groups vlan 1 IGMP Connected Group Membership Group addr Interface Present Expire Last Reporter 224 1 1 1 vianl 00 00 48 never 4 4 4 4 PIM SM To configure PIM SM maintenance and diagnosis perform the fol Maintenance and owing steps Diagnosis ZXR10 Show ip pim bsr This displays BSR information 2 ZXR10 Show ip pim rp mapping This displays information of RP set that is advertised by BSR 3 ZXR10 Show ip pim rp hash lt group address gt This displays information of RP that is select
48. a is identified with 32 bit unsigned number Area 0 is re served to identify backbone network all other areas must be con nected with area 0 An OSPF network must have a backbone area Routers can be one or multiple of the following types according to its tasks in the area as shown in Figure 5 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDX Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration FIGURE 5 OSPF ROUTER TYPES lt Areal DS vd BeN 2 nternal router N ABR a Internal router A router that has all of its interfaces within the same area Backbone router A router that has at least one interface in area 0 Area Border Router ABR A router that has at least one in terface in area 0 and at least one interface in other area Autonomous System Border Routers ASBR The router con nects an AS running OSPF to another AS running other proto cols such as RIP or IGRP LSA Types and Diffusion LSA is the way of exchanging information for link state database between OSPF routers the router uses LSA to construct a pre cise and complete network view and generates routes used in the routing table ZXR10 8900 series switch supports 6 types of LSA They are respectively Type 1 Router LSA Type 2 Network LSA Type 3 Network summary LSA Type 4 ASBR summary LSA Type 5 AS external LSA Type 7 NSSA external LSA The OSPF operation is determined by all the routers in an area sharing a public l
49. aa a aLa aa AAE ENIA CAA LAARA TEENI EARNAN 72 PIM SM Aa ctviwecoveavaetennsava d a Aaaa AAA E LAS 73 MSD Piraso rennene annae cave Aa A e TN cis N a a aE 74 Enabling IP Multicast issis inini roneo iain na peaa ivana 75 Enabling IP Multicast Load Sharing sssssssssrssserrrserrrrrsrns 75 Configuring TGMP neii a E ecdes 76 Configuring IGMP Version sceeeee eee ee teen ee ee teens eeaees 76 Configuring IGMP Group on Interface saec 76 Configuring IGMP TiMEfrs cceeeeeee eee ee teen ee eee eeeeeeaees 77 Configuring Static IP Multicast cceeeeeeee eee ee teste eee eees 78 Configuring PIM SM cceeceeeee eee eee ee eee eens ANENA a aE Enia t 79 Enabling PIM SM iis siceseueesvavnes vee eee nen we ea iei 79 Configuring Static RP ceeceeeee eens eee ee teen cena eee eeeneees 80 Configuring Candidate BSR ecceeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeaees 80 Configuring Candidate RP eceeceeeeeee test eeee teeta eeeees 81 Applying Static RP for the same RP Priorities 0 5 81 Switching over to Source Shortest Path Tree aec 82 Filtering Received Register MeSSAGES ceeeeeeee ee ee es 82 Filtering Candidate RP irera a aaaea a ea aaa aA 82 Configuring PIM Domain Border seceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 83 Configuring DR Priority ccceceeeee eee ee eee ee eee eeeeeeeees 83 Ignoring DR Election c cece cece eee ee eee ee eee a a A 84 Configuring SM DM Hybrid M
50. ace configuration mode 5 To block an interface to participate in calculation of backup route use the following command ZXR10 config if isis fast reroute block This blocks an interface to participate in calculation of backup route Configuring BGP FRR To configure BGP FRR perform the following steps 102 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTERHY Chapter 10 IP LDP FRR Configuration z ZXR10 config router bgp lt 1 65535 gt This enters BGP configuration ioe ZXR10 config router bgp frr This This enables BGP FRR BGP FRR Configuring LDP FRR LDP FRR is based on IGP FRR Enable LDP protocol on the basis of IGP FRR configuration which forms LDP FRR configuration IP LDP FRR Configuration Example OSPF FRR Configuration Example This example describes how to configure OSPF FRR As shown in Figure 28 R1 and R2 run OSPF protocol and FRR function is enabled on R1 FIGURE 28 OSPF FRR CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE fei 2 4 fei 2 4 fei 2 6 fei 2 6 R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config interface fei 2 4 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 192 168 15 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1l config if ip ospf cost 1 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config interface fei 2 6 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 192 168 100 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1l config if ip ospf cost 2 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 15 1
51. as shown in Figure 23 It is divided into two sub ASs One is defined as AS65010 which includes R3 R5 and R6 and the other is defined as AS65020 which includes R4 and R7 Es ZXR10 config router bgp confederation identifier This sets confederation ID FIGURE 23 BGP CONFEDERATION AS65020 R3 z Lo eres per 210 61 20 4 oe Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 65010 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp confederation identifier 200 ZXR10 R3 config router bgp confederation peers 65020 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 210 61 10 1 remote as 65010 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 210 61 20 1 remote as 65010 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 210 61 19 2 remote as 65020 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 remote as 100 Configuration on RS ZXR10_R5 config router bgp 65010 ZXR10_R5 config router bgp confederation identifier 200 ZXR10_R5 config router neighbor 210 61 30 1 remote as 65010 ZXR10_R5 config router neighbor 210 61 20 1 remote as 65010 When establishing neighbor relation EBGP neighbor relation is es tablished between R3 and the confederation peers IBGP neighbor relation is established with the confederation and the EBGP neigh bor relation is also established with AS100 The confederation is non existent to AS100 so AS100 still establishes neighbor relation with R3 as AS200 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 61 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing V
52. ation The routing information in RIP message includes the number of routes passed that is hop count according to which router determines the route to the destination network RFC stip ulates that the maximum hop count should be less than 16 so RIP is only applicable to small sized network Hop count 16 indi cates infinite distance representing unreachable route which is one way for RIP to identify and prevent the routing loop Only hop count is taken as the metric for RIP routing bandwidth delay and other variable factors are not considered RIP always takes paths with the least hop count as the optimized path which may results that the selected path is not the best one Default administrative distance value of RIP is 120 As far as AD is concerned the lower is the value the higher is the routing source Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 9 10 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH reliability Comparing with other routing protocol RIP is not quite reliable RIP Timers Router running RIP transmits update message of routing informa tion at a certain interval 30s by default which reflects all the routing information of the router This process is called routing information notification When a router fails to receive update in formation from another router in a certain time period 180s by default it marks the routes provided by the router to be un available Whe
53. authentication Note RIPv2 supports simple text authentication and MD5 authentica tion RIPvi does not support authentication Configuring Split Horizon and Poison Reverse To configure split horizon and poison reverse perform the follow ing steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config if ip split horizon This enables split horizon mechanism 3 ZXR10 config if ip poison reverse This enables poison reverse mechanism Configuring Route Redistribution To configure route redistribution perform the following steps ZXR10 config router rip This starts RIP routing process ZXR10 config router redistribute lt protoco gt metric This redistributes route of lt metric value gt route map lt name gt another route protocol to RIP route domain 3 ZXR10 config router default metric lt metric value gt This sets default metric of redistributed route 12 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 3 RIP Configuration Configuring RIP Interface Mode To configure RIP interface mode perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config if ip rip interface active passive This configures the working mode of an interface Note When the interface is in active mode t
54. bor 192 168 15 2 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 192 168 100 2 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1l config router bgp frr ZXR10_R1 config router exit R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config interface fei_2 4 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 15 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config interface fei 2 6 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 100 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR 0 R2 config if exit ZXR10 R2 config router bgp 200 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 192 168 15 1 remote as 100 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 192 168 100 1 remote as 100 ZXR10_R2 config router redistribute static ZXR10_R2 config router exit LDP FRR Configuration Example This example describes how to configure LDP FRR based on OSPF FRR Network topology is shown in Figure 31 FIGURE 31 LDP FRR CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE fei_1 l fei 2 1 fei_1 2 fei_2 2 RI R2 R1 configuration ZXR10_R1 config mpls ip ZXR10_R1 config interface Loopbackl ZXR10_R1 con nfig if ip address 10 10 1 1 255 255 255 255 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config interface fei 1 1 ZXR10_Rl config if ip address 10 10 12 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if mpls ip Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 105 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH ZXR10_R1 config interface fei_1 2 ZXR10 R1 config if ip address 10 10 23 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1 config if mpls ip ZXR10_R1 config if ip
55. ddress in a SA Configuring MSDP Peer as Mesh Group Member A mesh group is a group of MSDP speakers These speakers have fully meshed connectivity To configure the MSDP peer as a mesh group member use the following command 86 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTERHY Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration ZXR10 config ip msdp mesh group lt peer address gt lt me This configures the MSDP peer sh name gt as a mesh group member Limiting the Number of SA Messages To configure the maximum number of SA messages allowed in the SA cache use the following command ZXR10 config ip msdp sa limit lt peer address gt lt sa limit gt This configures the maximum number of SA messages allowed in the SA cache Shutting Down Peers Configured MSDP To shut down peers that are configured MSDP use the following command ZXR10 config 4ip msdp shutdown lt peer address gt This shuts down peers that are configured MSDP Clearing TCP Connection To clear TCP connections established with MSDP peers use the following command ZxR10 Clear ip msdp peer lt peer address gt This clears TCP connections established with MSDP peers Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 87 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ai Note This command shuts down TCP connections to MSDP peers and resets all statistics of MSDP peers Clear
56. e and DiagnosSis cceceeeeeeeeee eee eees 34 IS IS Configuration cccscceesseeeeseeseseeseeeeseeesnees OD ISIS OVERVIEW 34 5606 EE keisha end eis als 35 PS HES Area EA T hice oo Vea ee eA eR A Re A ae 36 IS IS Network TypeS ceccceceeceeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeaeeaennes 36 DIS and Router Priority ccceeceeeeeeeeee eee eee eee eeeeeeenees 37 Configuring IS IS osc eerde ve aaea a dave A a 37 Enabling ISIS ianari a 37 Configuring IS IS Global Parameters ccceceeseeeeeeneees 38 Configuring IS IS Interface Parameters ccceeeeee een eees 39 Configuring IS IS Authentication cceeeeeseeee eee eeneeas 40 IS IS Configuration EXamples cceeceeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeaeeees 40 Single Area IS IS Configuration Example cccceeeeeeeaes 40 Multi Area IS IS Configuration Example eeeeee 41 IS IS Maintenance and DiagQnoOSis ceeeee eases eeeeeeee es 44 BGP Configuration sssssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 4D BGP OVErVIEWs sivas E N E A a 45 Configuring BGP reiii aa a a a 46 Enabling BGP areren ied sees TENEAN AAE ees Mele TEA deed ees 46 Configuring BGP Route Advertisement cccceeeeeeeenees 47 Configuring BGP Route Aggregation ceeeeeeee eee 49 Configuring EBGP Multi Hop cceeeeeeeeee teste eeeee eee ees 50 Filtering Routes through Route Map ccceeceeseeee seen eaees 51 Filtering Routes through NLRI c eeeeeee
57. e dr Configuring SM DM Hybrid Mode To configure SM DM hybrid mode perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vilan lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config if ip pim smdm hybrid This enables SM DM hybrid mode function ai Note After SM DM hybrid mode function is enabled on an interface mul ticast traffic flows to PIM neighbor interface of a VLAN interface without any condition SM DM hybrid mode function is effective only when both PIM SM and PIM SNOOPING are configured By default M DM hybrid mode function is disabled Configuring Hello Message Interval To set hello message interval perform the following steps 84 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration 1 ZXR10 config interface vian lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip pim query interval lt seconds gt This configures hello message interval Note The interval of hello messages sent by PIM SM neighbors can be adjusted according to the network conditions By default it is 30 seconds Limiting PIM SM Neighbors According to security requirements PIM SM can refuse some of the routers to be neighbors on an interface To limit PIM SM neighbors perform the following steps ZXR10 config interface vian lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode ZXR1
58. e to lt type gt route map lt name gt OSPF area Configuring Virtual Link All areas in the OSPF network must be connected to backbone area directly This restricts the area layout especially when the network is vast To solve this problem connect a remote area through other area to backbone area by means of virtual link The area that the virtual link crossed must have complete routing information So the area cannot be a stub area To configure virtual link perform the following steps ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt virtual link This configures virtual link lt router id gt hello interval lt seconds gt retra nsmit interval lt seconds gt transmit delay lt seconds gt dead interval lt seconds gt authentic ation key lt key gt message digest key lt keyid gt md5 lt cryptkey gt delay lt time gt authentication null message digest 26 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDX Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration Configuring Route Redistribution Different dynamic routing protocols can share routing informa tion through route redistribution In OSPF the routing informa tion of other routing protocol is external routing information of autonomous system It can be diffused to the entire OSPF network through OSPF LSA only when it is redistributed to OSPF protocol Each
59. ea 0 ZXR10_R1 config router area 0 authentication Configuration on R2 ZXR10 R2 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 0 0 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if ip ospf authentication key ZXR10 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 0 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config if ip ospf message digest key 1 md5 ZXR10 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 1 ZXR10_R2 config router area 0 authentication ZXR10_R2 config router area 1 authentication message digest Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 10 0 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R3 config if ip ospf message digest key 1 md5 ZXR10 ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 1 ZXR10_R3 config router area 1 authentication message digest Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 33 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH OSPF Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure OSPF maintenance and diagnosis perform the follow ing steps zxR10 Show ip ospf lt process id gt This views the detailed information of OSPF process zxR10 Show ip ospf interface lt interface name gt pr This views interface oce
60. ed by a specific multicast group 4 ZXR10 Show ip pimsm interface lt jinterface name gt This displays information of PIM SM interface 5 ZXR10 Show ip pimsm neighbor lt interface name gt This displays peer information of PIM SM interface 92 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Example MSDP Mainte nance and Diagno sis Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration This example shows the BSR information ZXR1O0 Show ip pim bsr Uptime 00 00 11 BSR Priority 0 Hash mask length 30 Expires 00 00 49 This system is a candidate BSR candidate BSR address 6 6 6 6 priority 0 hash mask length 30 This System is Candidate RP candidate RP address 6 6 6 6 vlan6 priority 192 This example shows how to view information of RP set that is ad vertised by BSR ZXR10 show ip pim rp mapping Group s 224 0 0 0 4 RP 5 5 5 6 static Priority 192 RP 6 6 6 6 lt gt v2 Priority 192 BSR 6 6 6 6 lt gt via bootstrap Uptime 00 00 14 expires 00 02 16 This example shows how to view information of RP that is selected by group 224 1 1 1 ZXR10 show ip pim rp ha 224 1 1 1 rp address 5 5 5 6 static This example shows how to view information of PIM SM interface ZXR10 show ip pimsm interface Address Interface State Nbr Query DRCountIntvl DRPriority 4 4 4 4 vlian4 Up 0 30 4 4 4 4 1 Iwg vLaAnI Up 0 30 Dad oN T 6 6 6 6 vlan Up 0 30 6 6 6 6 1 0 0 0 0 vlan100 Down 0 30 0 0 0 0 T This
61. enance and Diagnosis To view global routing table of router and to view whether static route is configured in routing table use the following command ZXR10 Show ip route lt p address gt lt net mask gt lt prot This views global routing table ocol gt of router and views whether static route is configured in routing table Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 7 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 3 RIP Configuration Table of Contents RIP STEW oneen E E EE E 9 CTE RIP oireina REAN RESER 10 RIP Configuration Example cesura aaa 13 RIP Maintenance and Diagnosis semeresini eeen 14 RIP Overview Routing Information Protocol RIP is the first routing protocol identifying the best path dynamically which is implemented based on vector distance algorithm of local network RIPvi1 is defined in RFC1058 and RIPv2 is defined in RFC1723 ZXR10 8900 series switch supports both RIPv1 and RIPv2 RIPv2 is applied by default RIPv2 has the following advantages compared to RIPv1 a Subnet mask is available in route refresh a Authentication of route refresh Multicasting route refresh In the following instruction RIP refers to RIPv2 if not specially designated Metric and Administrative Distance RIP uses UDP packet Port number 520 to exchange RIP routing inform
62. ept as expressly provided in any written license between ZTE CORPORATION and its licensee the user of this document shall not acquire any license to the subject matter herein ZTE CORPORATION reserves the right to upgrade or make technical change to this product without further notice Users may visit ZTE technical support website http ensupport zte com cn to inquire related information The ultimate right to interpret this product resides in ZTE CORPORATION Revision History Revision No Revision Date Revision Reason Serial Number sjzl20093839 Contents About This Manual ssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn l Safety LHSUPUCTIONS wis ieieiecicsisicnievicciirnnescuiscwcceansenndses L Safety INtroductiOn ccccccceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeesaeeeaeensaees 1 Safety Description ssssssrrsrrssssesserrnnnnrnaennsrnerrnnnaenaesnns 1 Static Route Configuration ssssssssssssssnnnnnnnnn D Static Route OVErvieW oii cei cise eciae sei eciae RANA KAANAN TAKN R RUNAKA 3 Configuring Static ROUteE s ssssssssrrssrrrsrerrnnerrnnnnrnrrnrerrnnns 3 Static Route Configuration Examples cccccceeeeseeeeeeeeeneeas 4 Static Route Basic Configuration Example 60 4 Static Route Aggregation Configuration Example 5 Default Route Configuration Example ccccceseeeeeeeeenees 6 Static Route Maintenance and Diagnosis sseeeeee es 7 RIP Configuration s s sssssssss
63. er Summary i Chapter 1 Safety This chapter describes the safety Instructions instructions and signs Chapter 2 Static Route This chapter describes static route and its Configuration configuration including special summary static route Chapter 3 RIP This chapter describes Routing Information Configuration Protocol RIP configuration Chapter 4 OSPF This chapter describes Open Shortest Configuration Path First OSPF protocol and related configuration Chapter 5 IS IS This chapter describes IS IS protocol and Configuration related configuration Chapter 6 BGP This chapter describes Border Gateway Configuration Protocol BGP and related configuration Chapter 7 Load Balance This chapter describes Load Balance on Configuration ZXR10 8912 8908 8905 8902 Chapter 8 IP Multicast This chapter describes basic principle and Configuration configuration of IP multicast Chapter 9 IP LDP FRR This chapter describes IP LDP FRR on Configuration ZXR10 8912 8908 8905 8902 Chapter 10 BFD This chapter describes BFD on ZXR10 Configuration 8912 8908 8905 8902 Related The following documentation is related to this manual D tati ee ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch Hardware Installation Manual ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch Hardware Manual ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch User Manual Basic Configuration Volume Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
64. er neighbor 4 4 4 remote as 100 config router neighbor 4 4 4 route map setmetricout out config router neighbor 4 4 4 2 send med config route map setmetricout permit 10 config route map set metric 50 2 S2 Example In this example the bgp always compare med command is used to allow a mandatory comparison of R1 metric value and R2 metric value The metric value of R2 is lower than that of R3 so R1 will select R2 instead of R3 for the update of 180 10 0 0 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 remote as 400 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 4 4 4 1 remote as 400 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp always compare med Configuring Community String Attribute Community string is an optional transit attribute ranging from 0 4 294 967 295 Aselection can be made from a group of routes according to community attribute There are some definitions of the well known community at tributes as shown below No export Do not advertise this route to an EBGP neighbor No advertise Do not advertise this route to any BGP neighbor No export subconfed Do not advertise the routes with this attribute to peers outside the confederation To configure community attribute perform the following steps 56 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 6 BGP Configuration ZXR10 config ro
65. er ranging from 1 to 349 and from 1000 to 3499 This is the number of ACL rule ranging from 1 to 1000 This is ACL name Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 97 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This page is intentionally blank 98 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Node Fault Recovery Analysis Chapter 10 IP LDP FRR Configuration Table of Contents TPVLDP FRR Oey ew cnicos E 99 Connourino TPP LICE FRR cisc ccarstescnceesinascanto tens N ArT 101 IP LDP FRR Configuration Example sssssessessssrssrrnrnsssssnnen 103 IP LDP FRR Maintenance and Diagnosis cccceeeeneeeeeeeeeaes 106 IP LDP FRR Overview When the link or node is unavailable in network the packet that flows through these unavailable nodes will be discarded or become loopback As a result the temporary traffic interruption or loop back will be inevitable to occur until the new topology and route is recalculated The interruption period usually lasts several sec onds Currently some novel technologies compress the conver gence time to below 1 second However with the network size has become larger and larger and all kinds of new applications emerge in endlessly especially some applications are very sen sitive for traffic interruption such as voice and media the fast recovery of traffic becomes particularly important The network convergence period has three levels now
66. er of IBGP routers Route reflector and confederation are used to reduce the workload of maintenance and configuration For IBGP speaking routers within an AS one of them is selected to be the route reflector RR All the other IBGP routers act as clients and establish neighbor relation only with the RR All the clients reflect routes by RR This reduces the number of neighbors to n 1 When a route is received by the RR it is reflected depending on the type of peer A route from a Non Client peer is reflected to all Client peers A route from a Client peer is reflected to all Non Client peers and Client peers A route from an EBGP peer is reflected to all Non Client peers and Client peers When there are multiple RRs in an AS these RRs can be grouped into a cluster An AS can include multi clusters A cluster includes more than one RR at least To configure BGP route reflector perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process 2 ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This configures BGP route router refletor client reflector Example R3 and R4 are two route reflectors in AS100 The clients of R4 are R5 and R6 The clients of R3 are R1 and R2 Network topology is shown in Figure 22 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 59 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume FIGURE 22 BGP ROUTE REFLECTOR ZTE Gass i Lo 5
67. events it from being complex due to prefix based filtering To filter routes through AS_PATH attribute use the following com mand ZXR10 config ip as path access list lt access list number This rules an access list for input gt permit deny lt as regular expression gt and output based on the AS route attribute 52 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Example Chapter 6 BGP Configuration Ri and R2 are IBGP peers of each other R1 and R3 are EBGP peers of each other R2 and R4 are EBGP peers of each other Network topology is shown in Figure 18 Routes are filtered based on AS path which prevents R1 from advertising network 192 18 10 0 24 coming from AS300 to AS200 FIGURE 18 FILTERING ROUTES THROUGH AS_ PATH ATTRIBUTE 182 17 1 2 30 182 17 1 1 30 182 17 20 2 30 182 17 20 1 30 AS300 192 18 10 0 24 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router no synchronization ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 1 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 route map MAP1 out ZXR10_R1 config route map MAP1 permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match as path 1 ZXR10_Rl config ip as path access list 1 permit 100 In the above configuration the AS ACL allows R1 to advertise the networks initiated from AS100 only to AS200 thus filtering net work 192 18 10 0 24 C
68. example shows how to view peer information of PIM SM in terface ZXR10 show ip pimsm neighbor Neighbor Address Interface DR Prio Uptime Expires TILTI vlan4 30000 00 19 34 00 01 29 22 22 22 43 vlan5 1 OS 21 225 00201216 To configure MSDP maintenance and diagnosis perform the fol lowing steps zXR10 Show ip msdp count This displays number of SA messages from each MSDP peer in SA cache ZXR10 Show ip msdp peer lt peer address gt This displays detailed information of MSDP peers ZXR10 Show ip msdp sa cache lt group address gt lt s This displays S G states of ource address gt each MSDP peer ZXR10 Show ip msdp summary This displays MSDP peer state Example This example shows how to view statistics information of SA mes sages ZXR10 show ip msdp count SA State per Peer Counters lt Peer gt lt SA learned gt LOL 2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 93 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Static IP Multicast Maintenance and Diagnosis 102 2 62 29 20 103 3 3 233 10 Total entries 32 This example shows how to view detailed information of MSDP peers ZXR10 show ip msdp peer MSDP Peer 11 1 1 1 Description Connection status State Down Resets 0 Connection source vlan4 4 4 4 4 Uptime Downtime 00 00 04 Messages sent received 0 0 Connection and counters cleared 00 00 04 ago SA Filtering Input S G filter none Output S G
69. fig router pimsm config router rp candidate loopbackl priority 10 config router bsr candidate loopback1 10 10 config router exit config interface vlanl config if config if config if config interface vlan2 config if config if config if config interface vlan3 config if config if config if config router ospf 1 ip address O 10 10 1 255 255 255 0 ip pim sm exit ip address 0 10 20 1 255 255 255 0 ip pim sm exit ip address O 10 30 1 255 255 255 0 ip pim sm exit config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 Configuration on R2 ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX DAHAADAAADAADAAAAADAAAAD R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 R2 config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config interface vlan2 config interface vlan3 config interface loopbackl config if ip address 10 1 1 2 255 255 255 255 config if exit config ip multicast routing config router pimsm config router rp candidate loopbackl priority 20 config router bsr candidate loopback1l 10 20 config router exit config interface vlanl ip address 0 10 20 2 255 255 255 0 ip pim sm exit
70. g multicast tree The method to construct a per source multicast tree is reverse path forwarding RPF Each router can find the shortest path to the source and the corresponding outgoing interface according to uni cast route When a router receives a multicast packet it veri fies whether the incoming interface that the packet reaches is the outgoing interface to the source with the shortest uni cast path If yes the route copies the packet and forwards it to outgoing in terfaces otherwise it discards the multicast packet The incoming interface from which the router receives multicast packets is called parent link The outgoing interface that sends multicast packets is called child link Shared multicast tree establishes a multicast route tree for each multicast group which is shared by all group members That is the tree is shared by the group G instead of every pair S G Each device to receive the multicast packets from the group should be added to the shared tree explicitly Ashared multicast tree uses one or a group of routers as the center of the tree Multicast packets from all sources in this group to the receivers are sent as uni cast packets to the center Then these packets are forwarded as multicast packets along the tree from the center PIM SM PIM SM uses a shared tree to transmit multicast packets A shared tree has a central point which is responsible for sending packets for all the sources in a multicas
71. he interface can send and receive RIP messages When the interface is in passive mode the interface can only receive RIP messages Configuring RIP Version To configure RIP version perform the following steps ZXR10 config router version 1 2 This configures RIP version By default it is RIPv2 ZXR10 config router exit This exits RIP route configuration mode ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode R10 config if ip rip receive version 1 2 1 2 This configures RIP version that is received on interface ZXR10 config if ip rip send version 1 2 This configures RIP version broadcast multicast that is transmitted at interface RIP Configuration Example As shown in Figure 4 R1 and R2 run RIP Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 13 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH FIGURE 4 RIP CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 10 1 0 1 16 192 168 1 2 24 ae 192 168 1 1 24 10 2 0 1 16 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router rip ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 1 0 0 0 0 255 255 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config router rip ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 2 0 0 0 0 255 255 ZXR10_R2 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 RIP Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure RIP maintenance and diagnosis perform the following s
72. hen both static rp and dynamic rp are available and both have the same priority formal rp will be elected according to their IP addresses 1 ZXR10 config router pimsm This enters PIM SM configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config router Static rp override This configures static rp override function Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 81 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 config router pimsm Switching over to Source Shortest Path Tree Only the last hop DR and RP can switch over to the source short est path tree By default switchover begins when RP has received the first Register message For the last hop DR the switchover threshold policy can be configured with single uni cast group as the granularity of control If the shortest path tree threshold is con figured as infinite no switchover occurs By default a switchover will occur if only there is flow To switch over to source shortest path tree perform the following steps This enters PIM SM configuration mode ZXR10 config router spt threshold infinity This configures the router group list lt access list number gt that is connected to receivers directly to switch over from shortest path tree back to shared tree RP tree Filtering Received Register Messages Source addresses in multicast data messages encapsulated in the Register messages are filtered according to the rules defined
73. iagram over the whole network OSPF uses cost as the metric Cost is distributed to each port of a router A port calculates the cost based on 100M benchmark by default The path cost to a particular destination is the total cost of all links between the router and the destination To generate a routing table based on LSA database a router run the Dijkstra SPF algorithm to construct a cost routing tree with itself as the root of the routing tree The Dijkstra algorithm enables a router to calculate the lowest cost path between itself and any node on the network Router saves the routes of the paths in the routing table Different from RIP OSPF does not simply broadcast all its routing information regularly An OSPF router sends call messages to its neighbors to let them know it is still alive When a router does not receive any message from a neighbor within a period of time then the neighbor might not be alive OSPF routing is incrementally updated Router sends the update information only when topology changes When the age of an LSA reaches 1800 seconds a new version of the LSA is resent OSPF Network Types The type of the network connecting to a port is used to determine the default OSPF behavior on that port The network type affects the adjacency relationship and how the router designates a timer to the port There are five network types in OSPF and they are as follows Broadcast Non broadcast Multi access NBMA
74. ial and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 39 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH Configuring IS IS Authentication 1 Setting Interface Authentication ZXR10 config if isis authentication lt key gt level This sets authentication key 1 level 2 ZXR10 config if isis authentication type MD5 This sets interface TEXT level 1 level 2 authentication mode MD5 authentication or simple password authentication 2 Setting SNP Authentication ZXR10 config router authentication lt key gt level 1 This sets authentication key level 2 ZXR10 config router enable snp authentication This sets SNP authentication Example To configure SNP authentication with authentication string to be welcome execute the following command ZXR10 config router isis ZXR10 config router authentication welcome ZXR10 config router enable snp authentication IS IS Configuration Examples single Area IS IS Configuration Example This example describes how to configure the basic IS IS taking single area network as an example as shown in Figure 11 40 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 5 IS IS Configuration FIGURE 11 SINGLE AREA IS IS CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 192 168 2 1 24 192 168 2 2 24 192 168 1 1 24 192 168 6 1 24 Area 1 Ri and R2 form area 1 running IS IS protocol Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 co
75. ications of BGP functions including route aggregation and static route redistribu tion Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 6 BGP Configuration As shown in Figure 24 EBGP is established between R4 and R1 IBGP is established between R1 and R2 Multi hop EBGP is estab lished between R2 and R5 Suppose 4 static routes exist in R4 In R4 configuration only 192 16 0 0 16 is aggregated and adver tised 170 16 10 0 24 is not allowed to be advertised through BGP to the outside world through route map Multi hop relation is es tablished between R2 and R5 through R3 155 16 10 0 24 is not allowed to be advertised through EBGP to the inside of R2 through route map Make sure the neighbor addresses of the two routers are interconnected before configuring BGP FIGURE 24 BGP CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 155 16 10 0 24 Static route 192 16 20 0 24 192 16 21 0 24 192 16 22 0 24 170 16 10 0 24 173 16 20 2 16 172 16 20 1 16 183 16 20 2 16 Configuration on R4 ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 2 ZXR10_R4 config router redistribute static ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 172 16 20 2 remote as 1 ZXR10_R4 config router aggregate address 192 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 count 0 as set summary only ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 172 16 20 2 route map torouterl out ZXR10_R4 config acl standard number 1 ZXR10_R4 config std acl rule 1 permit 172 16 10 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10_R4 config
76. ig interface vlan4 ip address 192 168 15 3 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan6 ip address 192 168 10 3 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 exit config interface vlan7 ip address 192 168 11 3 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 exit Configuration on R4 ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX V AVVN ooo cqooococcaocooocoocooo coca O a GOG R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 R4 config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config router isis config router area 00 config router system id 00D0 E0E7 53E0 config router is type LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan4 ip address 192 168 12 4 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 config router exit config interface vlan6 ip address 192 168 11 4 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 exit config interface vlan7 ip address 192 168 16 4 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 exit Configuration on RS ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ANHDAADAAAADAADAAAAD R5 R5 R5 R5 R5 R5 R
77. ighbor device can be fil tered A filter contains an update list from or to a neighbor router As shown in Figure 17 R1 and R2 are mutually IBGP peers R1 and R3 are mutually EBGP peers and R4 and R2 are mutually EBGP peers Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 51 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY FIGURE 17 FILTERING ROUTES THROUGH NLRI 182 17 1 2 30 182 17 1 1 30 182 17 20 2 30 182 17 20 1 30 AS300 192 18 10 0 24 To prevent AS100 from playing the role of a transitional AS the network 192 18 10 0 24 from AS300 can be advertised to AS200 R1 is configured with filtering function as follows ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router no synchronization ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 1 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 route map MAP1 out ZXR10_R1 config route map MAP1 permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R1 config access list 1 deny 192 18 10 0 0 0 0 255 ZXR10 R1 config access list 1 permit 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 In this example the route map command and the access control list are used to prevent Ri from advertising prefix 192 18 10 0 24 to AS200 Filtering Routes through AS_ PATH Attribute When all routes in one or more ASs are to be filtered use filtration method based on AS path information This pr
78. in the ACL To filter received register messages on RP perform the following steps ZXR10 config router pimsm umber gt This enters PIM SM configuration mode ZXR10 config router accept register lt access list n This filters received register messages on RP Filtering Candidate RP To filter candidate RPs that are advertised by BSR messages per form the following steps 82 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDHY Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration 1 ZXR10 config router pimsm This enters PIM SM configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config router accept rp lt access list number gt This filters candidate RPs that are advertised by BSR messages Configuring PIM Domain Border To configure an interface as the PIM domain border perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vian lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip pim bsr border This configures an interface as the PIM domain border Note When this command is configured on an interface bootstrap data messages are not able to pass through the border in any direction This command allows a network to be divided into areas using different BSRs However other PIM messages can pass through the domain border Configuring DR Priority A DR should be elected from a shared or multi access network The router with the highest priority is elected
79. ing Entries in MSDP SA Cache To clear entries in MSDP SA cache use the following command ZXR10 Clear ip msdp sa cache lt group address gt This clears entries in MSDP SA cache Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers To clear statistics counter for MSDP peers use the following com mand zxR10 Clear ip msdp statistics lt peer address gt This clears statistics counter for MSDP peers Note This command clears the statistics counter for the MSDP peer but does not reset the MSDP sessions IP Multicast Configuration Example This example shows PIM SM configuration Network topology is shown in Figure 27 88 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration FIGURE 27 IP MULTICAST CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 10 10 30 2 2 10 10 30 1 24 10 10 10 1 24 Lo 10 1 1 1 32 RI 10 10 10 2 24 A as Multicast source 10 10 20 1 24 Lo 10 1 1 3 32 10 10 20 2 24 0 10 40 2 24 10 10 40 1 24 Lo 10 1 1 2 32 10 10 50 1 24 10 10 50 2 24 Receiver Configuration on R1 ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX AHAHDAADAAARAAAADAAADAAAAAD D OG OGOOGCGOGOOODOGOGOOOGOGOOGOGO O 0O OG AHAHDAADAAARAAADAAAADAAAAAD config interface loopbackl config if ip address 10 1 1 1 255 255 255 255 config if exit config ip multicast routing con
80. ink state database therefore all LSAs need to be diffused by this area at the same time processing must be reliable Every router receiving LSA of specific area will diffuse it to other interfaces belonging to this area LSAs do not have their own message formats LSAs are contained in the Link State Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 21 22 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Update LSU messages Several LSAs can be contained in one LSU When the router receives a LSU it separates the messages from LSA and inputs them into its own database rather than simply transmit the message Meanwhile the router constructs its own LSU and transmits the updated LSU to its adjacent neighbors The OSPF uses Link State Acknowledgements LSAck to confirm whether each LSA is received by the neighbor successfully An LSAck has identified LSA header which provides efficient informa tion to identify an LSA uniquely When a router sends an LSA to an interface the LSA will be recorded in the retransmission queue of the interface The router will wait for the maximum interval to receive the LSAck of the LSA If it fails to receive LSAck in the stipulated time the router will retransmit the LSA The router can adopt unicast or multicast to transmit old LSU but the retransmit ted LSU is unicast Stub Area and Totally Stubby Area When ASBR is not available in a non backbone the router has only one
81. ion on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 23 ZXR10_R1 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 Configuration on R2 ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 192 168 3 0 0 0 0 255 area 24 ZXR10_R2 config router network 192 168 1 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 29 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY Multi Area OSPF Configuration Example A multi area OSPF network topology is in Figure 7 FIGURE 7 MULTI AREA OSPF CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 192 168 0 1 24 BGP 10 0 0 1 24 10 0 0 2 24 Area 2 10 0 1 1 30 10 0 2 1 30 10 0 1 2 30 192 168 1 1 24 RIP Area 1 is an NSSA area R1 is an ABR working between NSSA area 1 and backbone area Ri advertises a default route to this area Area 2 is a stub area R2 is an ABR working between area 2 and backbone area In the stub area ABR advertises a default route to stub area automatically R3 is a router working in backbone area 0 It connects to other autonomous system by BGP As the exit router of the entire au tonomous system R3 advertises a default route to the entire OSPF area by manual configuration R4 is an ASBR in NSSA area 1 It also runs RIP protocol besides OSPF RIP protocol is injected into OSPF by route redistribution R5 is a router working in stub area 2 Configuration on R1
82. ip address 0 10 40 1 255 255 255 0 ip pim sm exit ip address 0 10 50 1 255 255 255 0 ip igmp access group 10 exit Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 89 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH Public IP Multicast Maintenance and Diagnosis ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 config router exit config access list 10 permit any Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config interface loopbackl ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 10 1 1 3 255 255 255 255 ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config ip multicast routing ZXR10_R3 config router pimsm ZXR10_R3 config router rp candidate loopbackl priority 30 ZXR10_R3 config router bsr candidate loopbackl 10 30 ZXR10_R3 config router exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 0O 10 30 2 255 255 2595 0 ZXR10_R3 config if ip pim sm ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10 R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 0 10 40 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if ip pim sm ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 0 0 0 wl Note Pay attention to the sequence of configuration The ip multicas t routing is configured prior to router pimsm Next enable ip pim sm on the interface The configuration will not be successful
83. irectly transmit unknown messages to R3 The configuration of default route in R2 is shown below ZXR10_R2 config ip route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 211 211 211 2 Configuration procedure of default route is identical with that of static route The difference is that both the network part and sub net mask part are 0 0 0 0 Routing table of R2 is shown below ZXR10_R2 show ip route IPv4 Routing Table Dest Mask Gw Net Owner 211 211 211 0 255 255 255 0 direct 192 168 4 0 255 25572550 direct 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2d 2a 2a 2 static ZXR10_R2 It is seen from the routing table that the default route with next hop of 211 211 211 2 is added to the routing table as the last route When using default route in routing protocol configuration it dif fers when routing protocol varies When default route is configured in a router running RIP protocol RIP will notify the default route 0 0 0 0 0 to its neighbor even not need to reallocat routes in the RIP domain 6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 2 Static Route Configuration For OSPF protocol the router running OSPF will not notify default route automatically to its neighbor Default information origin ate command must be used to enable OSPF to transmit default route to OSPF domain When reallocating default routes in the OSPF domain this kind of notification is usually implemented by ASBR Autonomous System Border Router Static Route Maint
84. is isis circuit type LEVEL 1 exit ter isis er summary address 192 168 100 0 10 Configuration on R2 ZXR10 R2 config rou ZXR10_R2 config rout ZXR10 R2 config rout ZXR10_R2 config rout ZXR10 R2 config rout ZXR10 R2 config int ZXR10 R2 config if ZXR om 2 config if ZXR10_R2 config if 42 ter isis er area 00 er system id 00D0 E0D7 53E0 er is type LEVEL 2 er exit erface vlan4 ip address 192 168 10 2 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 5 IS IS Configuration ZXR10_R2 config router exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan6 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 ZXR10_R2 config if ZXR10_R2 config if exit config if ip address 192 168 12 2 255 255 255 0 config if ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 Configuration on R3 ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX ZX AHANDAAADAAAAADAADADAAAAD R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config if config router isis config router area 00 config router system id 00D0 E0C7 53E0 config router is type LEVEL 2 config router exit conf
85. istance value to be 25 The administrative distance value of the first route is smaller than that of the second one so only the information of the first route is available in the routing table That is to say the router reaches the destination network 192 168 6 0 24 through next hop 192 168 4 2 The second route will be available in the routing ta ble only when the first route becomes invalid and disappears from the routing table Static Route Aggregation Configuration Example Aggregated static route is a special static route which can sum marize expressions of two or multiple specific routing tables into one to reduce entries of routing table on the basis of remaining all old connections FIGURE 2 STATIC ROUTE AGGREGATION CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE G3 s aT il d 192 168 4 2 24 en RI 10 2 0 1 16 R2 R3 As shown in Figure 2 R3 has two networks including 10 1 0 0 16 and 10 2 0 0 16 Usually the following two static routes should be configured in R1 to reach these networks ZXR10_Rl config ip route 10 1 0 0 255 255 0 0 192 168 4 2 ZXR10_Rl config ip route 10 2 0 0 255 255 0 0 192 168 4 2 IP connection can be implemented by the above configuration as suming R3 is properly configured Summary static route can be used to optimize R1 routing table the following command can sub stitute two above commands ZXR10_Rl config ip route 10 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 192 168 4 2 This command indicates that all mes
86. ives an SNP it compares SNP with link state database If router loses an LSP in SNP it originates a multicast SNP and asks for necessary LSPs from other routers on the net work LSPs are used in conjunction with SNPs so that IS IS pro tocol can complete reliable route interaction on a large network Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 35 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH IS IS protocol also uses the Dijkstra SPF algorithm to calculate routes Based on the link state database IS IS protocol uses the SPF algorithm to calculate the best route and then adds the route to the IP routing table IS IS Area For convenience of link state database management concept of IS IS area is introduced Routers in an area are only responsible for maintaining the link state database in the local area to reduce the traffic of the routers themselves IS IS areas are classified into backbone areas and non backbone areas Routers in the backbone area have the information about the database of the entire network Routers in a non backbone area only have information about the area Based on the area division IS IS defines three types of routers L1 router exists in a non backbone area and only exchanges routing information with L1 router and L1 L2 router in the area L2 router exists in the backbone area and exchanges routing information with other L2 routers and Li L2 routers L1 L2 r
87. les IS IS process ZXR10 config router is type level 1 level 1 2 This sets IS IS permitted level level 2 only 3 ZXR10 config router set overload bit This advertises to other routers that are running IS IS when the processing capability of the router is insufficient ZXR10 config router default information originate This configures default route always metric lt metric va ue gt metric type advertisement policy lt type gt level 1 level 1 2 level 2 ZXR10 config router Summary address lt ip addr This configures route ess gt lt net mask gt metric lt metric va ue gt level 1 aggregation level 1 2 level 2 al Note For step 4 when configuring route redistribution redistribute de fault route in the routing entries to IS IS domain For step 5 IS IS can advertise outward an aggregation route in stead of detailed route entries in routing table The minimum met ric in the aggregation route entries is selected as the metric of ag gregation route 38 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH R R Chapter 5 IS IS Configuration Configuring IS IS Interface Parameters To set IS IS interface parameters perform the following steps R10 config interface lt jnterface name gt This enters interface configuration mode 0 config if isis circuit type level 1 level 1 This sets interface operation evel 2 only types 0 config if isis hello inte
88. ll interval is only applied in NBMA network OSPF Neighbor OSPF neighbor is a group of routers in the same network these routers stipulated some configuration parameters The routers must be neighbors then they can become adjacent with neighbor Analyze hello packets mutually when the routers form neighbor relationship to make sure that the required parameters are stip ulated The parameters cover Area ID area flag authentication information calling interval and router dead interval Adjacency and Designated Router When two routers become adjacent they can exchange routing information The network type connecting routers determines whether two routers become adjacent Point to point network and virtual link have only two routers so the routers become adjacent automatically Point to multipoint network can be considered to be the aggregation of point to point network every pair of routers become adjacent Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 19 20 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Neighbors do not necessarily have the adjacency relationship on broadcast and NBMA networks If all n routers on a network have set up the adjacency relationship each router has n 1 adjacency relationships and there are n n 1 2 adjacency relationships on the network Tracking so many adjacency relationships on a large multi access network will impose a heavy burden on each router Routing
89. lled other wise host reports are sent at the response time Therefore in creasing the max response time extends the waiting time of group members and lowers occurrence of multi host reports in the net work To configure IGMP timers perform the following steps ZXR10 config if ip igmp query interval lt seconds gt This configures IGMP query interval 2 ZXR10 config if ip igmp querier timeout This configures IGMP query lt seconds gt router timeout Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 77 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH ZXR10 config if ip igmp query max response t This configures the max ime lt seconds gt response time contained in the query message sent by IGMP ZXR10 config if ip igmp last member query inter This configures IGMP specific val lt seconds gt group query interval Configuring Static IP Multicast To configure static IP multicast perform the following steps 0 config ip multicast routing This enables IP multicast ZXR ZXR10 config ip multicast static start This enables static IP multicast R10 config p multicast static interface index This configures the VLAN to index number gt vlan lt 1 4094 gt receive multicast group R10 config ip multicast static limit xg lt 1 1024 gt This limits the number of IP sg lt 1 1024 gt multicast route items xg means g and sg means s g ZXR10 config ip multicas
90. lticast Maintenance and DiagnoSis cceeeeeeee eee 90 IP Multicast Overview IP multicast is a point to multipoint or multipoint to multipoint communication That is multiple receivers receive the same information from one source at the same time IP multicast based applications include video conferencing distance learning and software distribution IP multicast protocols include Internet Group Management Pro tocol IGMP and Multicast Route Protocols MRP IGMP is used to manage participation and leaving of multicast group members MRPs are used to exchange information and establish multicast tree among routers MRPs include Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode PIM SM and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol MSDP ZXR10 8900 series switch supports the following protocols Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode PIM SM Multicast Source Discovery Protocol MSDP IP Multicast Address In an IP multicast network the originator sends a packet to multi receivers by IP multicast The originator is called mul Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 71 72 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ticast source The multiple receivers of the same packet are identified by using a single ID which is called multicast group address In IP address allocation scenario addresses of Class D 224 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 are mul
91. map perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This configures filtration of route map lt map tag gt in out routes advertised by or to the neighbors 3 ZXR10 config router route map lt map tag gt permit This defines a route map deny lt sequence number gt This example shows how to filter routes through route map R R R R ZXR R R R R Example Example R1 config router bgp 100 R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 remote as 200 R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 route map MAP1 out R1 config router neighbor 182 17 20 1 send med R1 config route map MAP1 permit 10 R1 config route map match ip address 1 R1 config route map set metric 5 R1 config acl standard number 1 R1 config std acl rule 1 permit 172 3 0 0 0 0 255 255 oo oO OO Oo Oo amp The above configuration defines a route map MAP1 which allows network 172 3 0 0 to be advertised to autonomous system 200 and sets the MED value to 5 When filtering routes through route map match and set commands are both usually used The m atch command defines matching criteria The set command de fines actions to be executed when the match conditions are satis fied Filtering Routes through NLRI To restrict a router from obtaining or advertising routing informa tion route updates from or to a special ne
92. mpose an AS connection state diagram This makes the AS based routing policy possible and solves the loop problem BGP of version 4 BGP4 is defined in RFC1771 BGP4 supports the implementation of CIDR supernet and subnet and the functions such as route aggregation and route filtering At present BGP4 is widely applied in Internet A session set up between BGP routers in different ASs is called an EBGP session while a session established between BGP routers in the same AS is called an IBGP session A management area that has its own independent routing policy is called an autonomous system AS An important feature of an AS is that from the per spective of another AS it has a set of internal routes and shows identical topology for reachable destinations The AS indicator is a 16 bit value ranging from 1 to 65535 where the numbers be tween 1 to 32767 can be allocated those from 32768 to 64511 are reserved and those from 64512 to 65535 are used for private ASs similar to private network addresses in IP address The BGP is based on reliable transmission protocol with the TCP as its bottom protocol and the TCP port as 179 The BGP routers firstly set up a TCP connection and then exchange all routing ta ble information after packet authentication After that when the routing table changes they send route update packets to all BGP neighbors who will further spread the routing information until it reaches the whole network When a
93. n be configured for one or more specific groups and the same static RP should be configured for the group on all PIM SM multicast routers in the multicast domain RP addresses should be reachable from other routers Use loopback interface address to reduce the network oscillations due to physical inter face up down When a static RP is configured the candidate RP is not needed for the group To configure static RP perform the following steps ZXR10 config router pimsm This enters PIM SM configuration mode ZXR10 config router static rp lt p address gt group l This configures static RP ist lt access list number gt priority lt priority gt Example This example shows how to configure static RP 10 1 1 1 for all groups ZXR10 config router static rp 10 1 1 1 This example shows how to configure static RP 10 1 1 1 for group 239 132 10 100 ZXR10 config router static rp 10 1 1 1 group list 10 ZXR10 config acl basic number 10 ZXR10 config basic acl rule 1 permit 239 132 10 100 0 0 0 0 Configuring Candidate BSR When static RP mechanism is not used candidate BSRs should be configured on one or more than one multicast routers in each mul ticast domain The BSR sends bootstrap BSR messages period ically to advertise RP conditions Routers running PIM SM update the RP states according to the latest advertisement messages The bootstrap messages sent by BSR are also used to elect formal BSR from the ca
94. n it is not updated in the succeeding period of time 240s by default the router clears the route completely from the routing table RIP provides the following four types of timers Update timer Invalid timer Hold down timer Flush Timer Route Update RIP protocol employs trigger update to speed up the spread of routing changes in the RIP routing domain When a RIP router detects that an interface is working or has stopped working an adjacent node is down or a new subnet or neighbor node joins in it will transmit a trigger update The trigger update message only contains changed route RIP protocol uses poison reverse to speed up protocol conver gence The poison reverse sets the metrics of the infinite network prefix to be 16 meaning infinite after receiving routing update of the metric the router will discard the route instead of waiting for the aging time RIP uses split horizon to prevent routing loop and reduce the size of routing update Split horizon means that if an interface receives a routing update it will not transmit this update from itself to others Configuring RIP Enabling RIP To enable RIP perform the following steps Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 3 RIP Configuration ZXR10 config router rip This starts RIP routing process 2 ZXR10 config router network lt ip address gt lt This defines interface on wildcard mask gt which RIP i
95. nables IS IS process 2 config router area lt area address gt This configures IS IS area 0 config router system id lt system id gt range This configures system ID nge number gt 3 ZXR lt r ZXR10 ZXR10 a ZXR10 config router exit This exits IS IS route configuration mode 5 ZXR10 config interface lt interface name gt This enters interface configuration mode E ZXR10 config if ip router isis This specifies interface to run IS IS Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 37 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH nd Note In IS IS route configuration mode it is required to define an area that the router belongs to Itis also required to define a system ID System ID identifies the router in the area It is indicated with the interface MAC address of the router By default the router running IS IS protocol is identified as LEVEL 1 2 To optimize network IS IS area can be modified by the following command Configuring IS IS Global Parameters When configuring IS IS on ZXR10 series switches or routers use default parameter value If the routers or switches are connecting with devices of other vendors related interface parameters and timer may have to be adjusted This makes IS IS protocol run more efficiently in the network To set IS IS global parameters perform the following steps ZXR10 config router isis vrf lt vrf name gt This enab
96. ndidate BSRs To configure candidate BSR perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config router pimsm This enters PIM SM configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config router bsr candidate lt jnterface name This configures candidate BSR gt lt hash mask length gt lt priority gt 80 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration Note Default priority of a candidate BSR is 0 Candidate BSR with the highest priority becomes the formal BSR If multiple routers have the same BSR priority IP addresses are compared Candidate BSR with the largest address becomes the formal BSR Configuring Candidate RP In PIM SM RP is the root of a shared multicast tree It is respon sible for sending multicast packets to the downstream receiving group members along the shared tree A multicast group can only have one formal RP To configure candidate RP perform the following steps ZXR10 config router pimsm This enters PIM SM configuration mode ZXR10 config router rp candidate lt jinterface n This configures candidate RP ame gt group list lt access list number gt priority lt priority gt Note The default priority of a candidate RP is 192 The candidate RP with a bigger priority is preferred Applying Static RP for the same RP Priorities There can be only one formal RP in each one multicast group RP is elected according to priorities W
97. nfig router isis ZXR10_R1 config router area 01 ZXR10_R1 config router system id 00D0 D0C7 53E0 ZXR10_R1 config router exit ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan4 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 192 168 2 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1l config if ip router isis ZXR10_R1 config interface vlan6 ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 R1 config if ip router isis Configuration on R2 ZXR10 R2 config router isis ZXR10_R2 config router area 01 ZXR10_R2 config router system id 00D0 D0C7 5460 ZXR10 R2 config router exit ZXR10_R2 config interface vlan4 ZXR10 R2 config if ip address 192 168 2 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if ip router isis ZXR10 R2 config interface vlan3 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 192 168 6 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if ip router isis Multi Area IS IS Configuration Example When the network is vast use multiple areas in the IS IS Divide the similar routers into the same area according to the zone and functionality Partition of area reduces memory requirement It makes the router in an area maintain relatively smaller link state database Figure 12 is an example of configuring multi area IS IS Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 41 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTE FIGURE 12 MULTI AREA IS IS CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 92 168 15 0 24 92 168 101 1 24 192 168 102 1 24 R1 belongs to a
98. ng characteristics Fast convergence which ensures database synchronization by fast diffusing link state update and calculates routing table synchronously Loop free which ensures that no loop generated by SPF algo rithm Aggregation reduce size of routing table Totally classless which supports Variable Length Subnet Mask VLSM and Classless Inter Domain Routing CIDR Reducing the required network bandwidth for trigger update mechanism is adopted only when the network changes the update information is transmitted Supporting interface packet authentication ensuring security of routing calculation Transmitting update through multicast mode which reduces interference against unrelated network devices while broad casting Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 17 18 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH OSPF Algorithm As OSPF is a link state protocol OSPF router generates the routing table by setting up a link state database which contains the infor mation of all networks and routers Routers use this information to establish routing tables To ensure reliability all routers must have the completely same link state database Link state database is built based on Link State Advertisements LSAs which are generated by all routers and spread over the whole OSPF network There are many types of LSAs a complete LSA set shows an accurate distribution d
99. nterface vlan2 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 0 1 1 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 1 ZXR10_R2 config router area 1 virtual link 10 0 1 2 Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 10 0 1 2 255 255 255 252 ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 10 0 2 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config if exit ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 area 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 10 0 2 0 0 0 0 255 area 2 ZXR10_R3 config router area 1 virtual link 10 0 0 2 32 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTE Chapter 4 OSPF Configuration OSPF Authentication Configuration Example Figure 9 presents an example of configuring OSPF authentication Area 0 uses simple text authentication and area 1 uses MD5 au thentication FIGURE 9 OSPF AUTHENTICATION CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 10 0 0 1 24 Area 0 R1 10 0 0 2 24 Area 1 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R1l config if ip address 10 0 0 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R1l config if ip ospf authentication key ZXR10 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1l config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 ar
100. ode c eseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 84 Configuring Hello Message Interval cceeeeeeee eee 84 Limiting PIM SM Neighbors cceeeeeeee teeta eee eeeeaeees 85 Configuring MSDP wisi a a ede dean E 85 Enabling MSDP eene Een EAT ERNE ANa 85 Configuring Default MSDP Peer sssssssssssrrrsrsrrrrsrerrrer 86 Configuring Originating RP s ssssssssssssserrrssrrrsrsrerrsrerrrers 86 Configuring MSDP Peer as Mesh Group Member ssas 86 Limiting the Number of SA MeSS QES 0cseeeeeee eaten 87 Shutting Down Peers Configured MSDP eeeeeees 87 Clearing TCP Connection 6ccccccceceeeeeeeedeeedeveeeneeeeneneee 87 Clearing Entries in MSDP SA Cache ecceeeeeeee eee 88 Clearing Statistics Counter for MSDP Peers cceeeeaeees 88 IP Multicast Configuration Example sceeeeeee teen eeee es 88 IP Multicast Maintenance and Diagnosis seceeeeeee es 90 Policy Routing Backup Configuration 95 OVERVIGW Ss Sakae e ASSES ATES As eae ae T Eas 95 Configuring Policy Routing Backup eceseeeeeeeeeee eaten 95 Policy Routing Backup Maintenance and Diagnosis 96 IP LDP FRR Configuration sccssssessenesseeeenees OO IP LDP FRR OVErVieW ccccecccceescceeeeesueeeuevaueeeesugeeensgganeens 99 Configuring IP LDP FRR c eeeeeeee teen eee ee neste eaeeeeaees 101 Configuring OSPF FRR oraa aaa aine Da Eas 101 Configuring IS IS FRR sssss
101. ol BSR Bootstrap Router CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing CLNS ConnectionLess Network Sevice DIS Designate IS DR Designate Router EBGP External Border Gateway Protocol FRR Fast Reroute IBGP Interior Border Gateway Protocol IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol IGP Interior Gateway Protocol IS IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System ISO International Organization for Standardization ISP Internet Service Provider LDP Label Distribution Protocol LSA Link State Advertisement LSU Link State Update MDS5 Message Digest 5 MED MULTI_EXIT_DISC MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol NBMA Non Broadcast Multiple Access NLRI Network Layer Reachable Information NSSA Not So Stubby Area OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSPF Open Shortest Path First PDU Protocol Data Unit PIM SM Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode RFC Request For Comments RIP Routing Information Protocol Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 115 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY RP Rendezvous Point RPF Reverse Path Forwarding RR Router Reflector SNP Sequence Num PDU SPF Shortest Path First TCP Transmission Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol VLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask 116 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
102. olume ZTERH 62 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1l config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 2 2 2 1 remote as 200 Configuring BGP Route Dampening BGP providesroute dampening mechanism to minimize the insta bility due to route flapping A route is assigned a penalty of 1000 per flap When the penalty reaches a suppress limit the router stops advertising the route The penalty decreases geometrically after every half life time If the penalty decreases and falls below the reuse limit the route is unsuppressed To configure BGP route dampening perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router bgp dampening lt half life gt lt re This configures BGP route use gt lt suppress gt lt max suppress time gt route map dampening lt map tag gt Note Parameters are described below half life ranging 1 45 minutes 15 minutes by default reuse ranging 1 20000 750 by default suppress ranging 1 20000 2000 by default m max suppress ranging 1 255 4 times of half life time by de fault Example This example shows how to enable dampening on a router ZXR10 config router bgp 100 ZXR10 config router bgp dampening ZXR10 config router network 203 250 15 0 255 255 255 0 ZXR10 config router neighbor 192 208 10 5 remote as 300 BGP Configuration Example The following BGP example involves practical appl
103. onds 6 The time is to calculate the new routing information with line card and form the forwarding table The cost time varies from the different routing entries number usually is several hundred milliseconds 7 The time is to record the new forwarding route entries into hardware It costs 10 odd milliseconds The traffic losing is occurred in the above mentioned steps it can be divided into two stages as follows 1 Stage 1 The router can not discovery the unavailable link im mediately and it still forwards the traffic to the unavailable link 2 Stage 2 The route has found the unavailable link but the network is in convergence process The local forwarding table is different with other router s which causes micro loop in forwarding layer To decrease the traffic interruption period a mechanism has to be provided to realize the following requirements a Fast discovery of unavailable link When the link is unavailable fast provide a recovery path Prevent forwarding loopback micro loop occurs during the further recovery process IP Fast Rerouter IP FRR technology is adopted to satisfy the above requirements The working procedure of IP FRR is shown below Examine the failure fast The common technologies include BFD and physical signal examine Modify the forwarding plane Switch the traffic into the recal culated backup path 3 Perform route re convergence 4 After finishing the re con
104. onfiguring LOCAL_PREF Attribute LOCAL_PREF attribute is used to determine the route selection be tween IBGP peers within an AS When two IBGP routers in an AS have learnt a route with the same destination from the outside LOCAL_PREF attribute values are compared The route with the higher value is preferred To configure LOCAL_PREF attribute perform the following steps Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 53 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process 2 ZXR10 config router bgp default local preference This configures LOCAL_PREF lt value gt attribute Note The default value of LOCAL_PREF attribute is 100 Example As shown in Figure 19 R3 and R4 have learnt route to 170 10 0 0 at the same time As LOCAL_PREF attribute value set for R4 is greater than that for R3 R4 egress is preferred for route to des tination within AS256 FIGURE 19 LOCAL_PREF ATTRIBUTE CONFIGURATION 70 10 0 0 24 3 3 3 2 30 128 213 11 2 30_ 3 3 3 1 30 128 213 11 1 30 LOC 150 IBGP LOC 200 lt __ _ Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 ZXR10 R3 ZXR10 R3 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 256 config router neighbor 1 1 1 1 remote as 100 config router neighbor 128 213 11 2 remote as 256 config router bgp default local preference 150 Configuration on R4 ZXR10_R4 ZXR10_R4 ZXR10_R4 ZXR10_R4 config ro
105. ospf cost 20 ZXR10_R1 config if exit ZXR10_R1 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R1 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 area 0 ZXR10_R1 config router fast reroute alternate protect type default R2 configuration ZXR10_R2 config mpls ip ZXR10_R2 config interface Loopbackl ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 10 2 2 255 255 255 255 ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config interface fei_2 1 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 10 12 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if mpls ip ZXR10_R2 config interface fei 2 2 ZXR10_R2 config if ip address 10 10 23 2 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config if mpls ip ZXR10_R2 config if exit ZXR10_R2 config mpls ldp router id loopbackl ZXR10_R2 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R2 config router network 10 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 area 0 IP LDP FRR Maintenance and Diagnosis To configure LDP FRR maintenance and diagnosis perform the fol lowing steps o show isis fast reroute topology level 1 This displays the backup level 2 topology relationship 0 Show ip backup route This displays the backup route R10 Show ip ospf border lfas process This displays the backup rocess id gt routes of master router o debug ip ospf fast reroute intra inter ext This displays the calculation ernal nbrspf of backup route 106 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 11 BFD Configuration Table of Contents BFO OV ST eG susesmiecrendunite
106. oute use the following command ZXR10 config router fast reroute alternate protect t This enables FRR function and ype default down stream path chooses calculation policy of backup route 3 To enter interface configuration mode use the following com mand ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vianid gt This enters interface configuration mode 4 To configure a backup interface use the following command ZXR10 config if ip ospf fast reroute backup interface This configures a backup lt interface name gt interface To cancel a backup interface use no ip ospf fast reroute command Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 101 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring IS IS FRR To configure IS IS FRR perform the following steps 1 To enter IS IS configuration mode use the following command ZXR10 config router isis This enters IS IS configuration mode 2 To enable FRR function use the following command ZXR10 config router fast reroute enable This enables FRR function and use default calculation policy of backup route that is LFAs 3 To change FRR calculation mode use the following command ZXR10 config router fast reroute alternate type This changes FRR calculation down stream path mode 4 To enter interface configuration mode use the following com mand ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vianid gt This enters interf
107. outers exist in a non backbone area and exchanges routing information between non backbone area and the back bone area IS IS area division and router types are shown in Figure 10 FIGURE 10 IS IS AREA NJI Area 20 7 2 rt F L h I J Wi re 73 i rs N Area 10 7 N a Z IS IS Network Types There are two types of IS IS networks 36 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 5 IS IS Configuration Broadcast network Point to point networks This makes it easier to configure and implement IS IS DIS and Router Priority In a broadcast network IS IS protocol is similar to OSPF proto col and uses designated router DIS is responsible for advertising network information to all routers on the broadcast network Only one of other routers will be advertised to DIS adjacency The router priority parameters can be IS IS configured for DIS election L1 and L2 can be configured with different priorities in dependently Upon DIS election a highest priority router plays the role of DIS If priorities are same for a frame relay interface a router with higher system ID is elected as the DIS While for an Ethernet in terface a router with higher interface MAC value is elected as the DIS Configuring IS IS Enabling IS IS To configure basic IS IS perform the following steps config router isis vrf lt vrf name gt This e
108. p lt map tag gt Note Command in step 2 is used to advertise the networks known by the local router Known networks include the networks that can be learnt by direct connections static routes and dynamic routes To redistribute routes perform the following steps Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 47 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERHY ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router redistribute lt protoco gt metric This Redistributes the routes lt metric value gt route map lt map tag gt obtained by other routing protocols into the BGP routing table Note Command in step 2 is used to redistribute routes learnt by IGP protocols RIP OSPF IS IS into BGP When using this command make sure that the routes learned by IGP from BGP are not redis tributed into BGP Use the filtering command to prevent the loop from occurring if necessary The route source of the static routes re distributed into BGP is shown as incomplete in the routing table Example This example shows how to advertise routes in BGP by route re distribution Network topology is shown in Figure 14 FIGURE 14 BGP ROUTE ADVERTISEMENT CONFIGURATION 1 1 1 1 24 129 213 198 0 24 Configuration on R3 ZXR10_R3 config router ospf 1 ZXR10_R3 config router network 175 220 0 0 0 0 0 255 area 0 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp
109. path to AS external network namely by ABR Therefore routers in these areas will transmit the LSA which are transmitted towards AS external unknown hosts to ABR As a result type 5 LSA is not required to be diffused to the area and in this area there is no LSA of type 4 This kind of area type is called Stub Area In a stub area all routers must be configured to be stub routers Hello packet contains a stub area flag bit which must be consis tent in the neighbors The ABR in the stub area can filter type 5 LSA to prevent them from releasing in the stub area At the same time ABR will gen erate a type 3 LSA notifying a default route reached AS external destination address If the ABR also filters type 3 LSA and notifies a default route reached area external destination address This kind of area is called Totally Stubby Area Not So Stubby Area Routers in stub area do not permit type 5 LSA so ASBR is not a part of stub area However users may expect a stub area with ASBR in which the router receives AS external routes from the ASBR in this area but external routing information from other areas will be blocked OSPF defines Not So Stubby Area NSSA In an NSSA ASBR gen erates type 7 LSA instead of type 5 LSA The ABR cannot transmit type 7 LSA to other OSPF area On the one hand it blocks the external routers from reaching the NSSA area on the other hand it converts type 7 LSA into type 5 LSA Confidential
110. rdiee rind E E 107 COM oMGGG BRD i ciscsccncctecss na a ar aR 108 BFD Configuration Example cccoseccciereideee EE 109 BFD Maintenance and DiaghOSiS ssinjiwiesmvivedew einen evades 110 BFD Overview Network device requires the communication failure between the adjacency systems can be fast examined Thus the substitute path can be fast created or the traffic can be switched to other link when the failure occurs The presentation of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection BFD provides a solution for the above requirement BFD can examine failure at any channel between systems These channels include the direct connected physical link virtual link and tunnel MPLS LSP and multi hop route channel non direct connected channel Meanwhile BFD is concentrated on how to fast examine the forwarding failure because of its singleness and simplicity which helps the network to realize voice media and other on demand services by excellent QoS As a result service provider can provide high reliability and applicability VoIP and other real time services based on IP network for users BFD is a low load method which fast examine the failure occurs between the two adjacent forwarding engines The failure can ex ist in interface or data link and even exist in the forwarding engine itself BFD also provides a single examine mechanism for various mediums such as any protocol layer BFD examines the failure by communicating with forwarding engine of the nex
111. rea belong to area 3 segment in area 1 Configuration on R config rou config rout config rout config rout config rout config int config if config if config if config route config int config if config if config if config if config int config if config if config if config if config int config if config if config if config if config rou config rout 52 0 metric NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNWN PS PS PS PS PS PS DS PS OS OS OK OS OS DS DS DS OS OS OK DS OS OK OK OOS OS OA A A AA AD A AA A A A A AL A A A A A A R1 R1 R1 R1 c R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 R1 c Died NOCOCOOCODO OOOO OOO OOOO OOOO OOOO 25 192 168 16 0 24 Area 3 192 168 13 0 24 19 1 R2 R3 and R4 belong to area 0 R5 and R6 On R1 perform route aggregation to network On R6 redistribute the default route to IS IS 1 ter isis er area 01 er system id 00D0 D0C7 53E0 er is type LEVEL 1 2 er exit erface vlan4 ip address 192 168 15 1 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 2 cv exit erface vlan6 ip address 192 168 100 1 255 255 255 0 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 1 exit erface vlan7 ip address 192 768 101 1 255 255 2950 ip router isis isis circuit type LEVEL 1 exit erface vlan8 ip address 192 168 102 1 255 255 255 0 ip router is
112. relation by exchanging hello messages On the multi access network a hello message also includes router prior ity information It is used to elect the designated router DR Multicast source or the first hop router DR directly connected to the source encapsulates the packet into a Register message and sends it to RP through a uni cast route When receiving the Reg ister message RP de encapsulates the packet and sends it along the shared tree downward to receivers in this group ach host acting as a receiver joins multicast group by an IGMP member report message The last hop router or DR on the multi access network sends received Join message to RP level by level for registration The media router checks if a route for this group is available after receiving Join message If yes it adds the down stream requesting router to the shared tree as a branch Other wise it creates a route for the group with the incoming interface pointing to the RP and the outgoing interface pointing to the down stream requesting router and then the Join message proceeds to RP continuously level by level When the RP or multicast router is directly connected to any re ceiver it can be switched over from the shared tree to the per source multicast tree When receiving a Register message from a new multicast source RP returns a Join message to DR that is di rectly connected to multicast source Thus the shortest path tree from the source to the RP is e
113. router sends a BGP update packet regarding to the desti nation network to its peer the packet contains BGP metric which is called path attribute The path attributes include four types Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 45 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH 1 Well Known Mandatory Attributes The attributes must be present in route description gt AS path gt Next hop gt Origin 2 Well Known Discretionary Attributes The attributes can be ab sent from route description gt Local preference Atomic aggregate 3 Optional transitive attributes This kind of attributes is not nec essary to be supported by all BGP implementation When sup ported the attributes can be transmitted to the BGP neighbors if not supported by the current router the attributes need to be transmitted to other BGP routers Aggregator gt Community 4 Optional nontransitive attributes It indicates that the router not supporting this kind of attributes shall delete the attributes Besides the above attributes the weight attribute defined by CISCO is also a common attribute When searching BGP route switch adopts multiple recursive searching mode to improve efficiency Configuring BGP Enabling BGP To enable BGP perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This se
114. rt Leave report Vi member report Vi member report is used to be compatible with IGMP V1 Multicast Tree To enable multicast communication in the networks the multicast source receivers and the paths of multicast packets should be available The most commonly used routing method is to establish tree routes which provides the following two advantages Packets are sent to different receivers along the tree branches in parallel Packets are copied only on crotches which minimizes the num ber of packets transmitted in the networks Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Per Source Multicast Tree Shared Multicast Tree Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration A multicast tree is a set that comprises a series of incoming inter faces and outgoing interfaces on router It determines a unique forwarding path between the subnet to which the multicast source belongs and all the subnets that contain the group members There are two ways to construct a multicast tree per source mul ticast tree and shared multicast tree Per source multicast tree is also called source shortest path tree It establishes a spanning tree to all receivers for each source This spanning tree takes the subnet to which the source belongs as the root node This tree reaches the subnets to which the receivers belong A multicast group may include multi multicast sources Each source or pair S G has a correspondin
115. rval lt jnterva gt lev This sets Hello packet interval el 1 level 2 0 config if isis hello multiplier lt multiplier gt 1 This sets the multiple of evel 1 level 2 interface keeping time and hello interval ZX 0 config if isis Isp interval lt jnterva gt level 1 This sets transmission interval vel 2 of LSP packet 0 config if tisis retrasmit interval This sets retransmission lt interval gt level 1 level 2 interval of LSP packet 0 config if isis priority lt priority gt level 1 This sets DIS election priority level 2 of interface 0 config if isis metric lt metric va ue gt level 1 This sets IS IS interface vel 2 metric 0 config if isis csnp interval lt interval gt lev This sets CSNP packet interval el 1 level 2 0 config if isis psnp interval lt nterva gt lev This sets PSNP packet interval el 1 level 2 Note For step 2 the value should match the IS IS global operation type Command in step 8 is to set the metric when the interface partic ipates IS IS SPF calculation Different metrics can be set for L1 and L2 at the same interface The default value is 10 For step 9 the default value is 10 in broadcast network In the point to point network the default value is 3600 For step 10 PSNP is usually applied in point to point network The parameter is used to set the transmission interval between two PSNPs with default value of 3 Confident
116. ry is non empty that is there are receivers within the domain RP creates a S G state for multicast source and adds this entry to the shortest path tree of the source In addition each MSDP peer saves the received SA messages in a cache thus establishing a SA cache table If the RP in a PIM SM domain receives a new PIM join message for multicast group G the RP searches its own SA cache table to get all the active mul ticast sources immediately thus generating the corresponding S G Join message Enabling IP Multicast To enable IP multicast use the following command ZXR10 config ip multicast routing This enables IP multicast Note To disable IP multicast use no ip multicast routing command Enabling IP Multicast Load Sharing ZXR10 config ip multicast loading This enables IP multicast load sharing function To disable IP multicast load sharing function execute command no ip multicast loading Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 75 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring IGMP Configuring IGMP Version IGMP versions include V1 and V2 Default value is V2 which can be changed according to requirement In view of security require ments the routes require all the network elements in the same network to use IGMP V1 or IGMP V2 simultaneously Configuration of IGMP version is based on interface Different in terfaces can be configured
117. s 3 3 3 3 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 200 ZXR10_R2 config router network 170 10 0 0 255 255 0 0 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 3 3 3 1 remote as 300 Configuration on R3 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 49 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10_R3 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 2 2 2 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan2 ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 3 3 3 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config interface vlan3 ZXR10_R3 config if ip address 4 4 4 1 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R3 config router bgp 300 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 2 2 2 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 remote as 200 ZXR10_R3 config router neighbor 4 4 4 4 remote as 400 ZXR10_R3 config router aggregate address 170 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 summary only R3 has learnt routes 170 20 0 0 and 170 10 0 0 but it advertises aggregate route 170 0 0 0 8 only Pay attention to the summary only keyword in the aggregate advertisement commands If the parameter is not included R3 will advertise the specific routes in addition to the aggregate route Configuration on R4 ZXR10_R4 config interface vlanl ZXR10_R4 config if ip address 4 4 4 4 255 255 255 0 ZXR10_R4 config router bgp 400 ZXR10_R4 config router neighbor 4 4 4 1 remote as 300 Configuring EBGP Multi Hop Usually EBGP neighbor is established on the direct connect inter faces
118. s 66 Load Sharing Maintenance and DiagnoSis eeeeeeeeee es 68 Load Sharing Overview Load sharing is to forward data traffic through multiple activated links existing between equipment and to fully take use of the band width of multiple links Load sharing does not mean that data traf fic on links have same size Data traffic covers incoming and outgoing traffic Incoming and outgoing traffic load sharing is closely related to the route an nounced outside and learned by the equipment Incoming traffic load sharing is affected by internal route announced outside by the equipment and outgoing traffic load sharing is affected by route announced inside by the equipment They directly affect the in stallation of multiple route entries reaching the destination in the equipment forwarding table and the control of multiple routes ZXR10 8900 series switch adopts route based load sharing to in stall multiple reachable route entries for a destination address in the forwarding table through configuring static route routing pro tocol and number of hops thus laying foundation for load sharing implementation ZXR10 8900 series switch supports per destination load sharing policy This policy considers source addresses and destination ad dresses of packets at the same time and make the packets with same source address destination address pair pass through the same path even there are multiple available paths and the pack et
119. s configured Adjusting RIP Timer To adjust RIP timers perform the following steps ZXR10 config router rip This starts RIP routing process 2 ZXR10 config router timers basic lt update gt lt inva This adjusts basic timers lid gt lt holddown gt lt flush gt 3 ZXR10 config router output delay lt packets gt lt del This changes inter message ay gt group delay of RIP update packet Configuring RIP Neighbor To configure RIP neighbor perform the following steps 2 ZXR10 config router neighbor lt ip address gt This defines the adjacent router exchanging routing information with this router Configuring RIP Authentication In order to strengthen the security of routing process configure RIP authentication in the router Set interface password the net work neighborhood must use the same password in the network To configure authentication perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters VLAN Layer 3 interface configuration mode ZXR10 config if ip rip authentication mode text This configures authentication md5 type Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 11 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH This specifies the password value for interface simple text authentication ZXR10 config if ip rip authentication key chain This specifies the password lt key chain gt value for interface MD5
120. s not help the backbone network When network address distribution in an area is consecutive configure ABR to advertise a converged route to replace these consecutive single routes The route aggregation can save backbone resources It is implemented by advertising a group of network addresses to be an aggregation address To configure inter area route aggregation perform the following steps Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 25 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH 1 ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router area lt area id gt range This configures the summary lt ip address gt lt net mask gt advertise not advertise address range in the area Configuring Default Route Advertisement Configure an ASBR to advertise a default route to the entire OSPF area A router becomes an ASBR after using redistribution route By default ASBR does not advertise default route to the entire OSPF area automatically Configure router to notify default route by command then the router becomes ASBR automatically To configure default route advertisement perform the following steps ZXR10 config router ospf lt process id gt vrf This enables OSPF process lt vrf name gt ZXR10 config router notify default route This configures ASBR to always metric lt metric va ue gt metric type advertise default rout
121. s with different source address destination address pairs pass through different paths Such a policy ensures the packets with the same source address destination address pair to arrive in order Load sharing becomes more effective if there are multiple source address destination address pairs in traffic Eight different paths can arrive at the destination at most on ZXR10 8900 series switch Once load sharing is configured interface traffic becomes balanced after a period Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 65 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH Configuring Load Sharing To configure load sharing perform the following steps ZXR10 config router maximum paths lt number gt This configures maximum number of paths allowed in load sharing ZXR10 config ip route vrf lt vrf name gt lt prefix gt lt ne This configures load sharing t mask gt lt forwarding router s address gt lt interface n_ through static route ame gt lt distance metric gt tag lt tag gt Note For step 1 maximum number of paths can be configured in RIP OSPF IS IS and BGP routing configuration modes Default number of paths is 1 Up to 8 paths are supported For step 2 number of multiple static routes to one destination is up to 8 on a device These routes should have different tags Load Sharing Configuration Examples Load Sharing through Static Route R
122. sages with the destination of network 10 0 0 0 8 pass 192 168 4 2 that is to say all messages of subnets here refer to subnet 10 1 0 0 16 and 10 2 0 0 16 with the destination of 10 0 0 0 8 transmit to 192 168 4 2 Summarize all subnets of main network 10 0 0 0 8 by this means Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 5 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Default Route Configuration Example Default route is a type of special static route Default route will be applied when all other routes in the routing table failed which provides a last destination for the routing table thus relieving the processing load of the router When a router cannot route for a message the message has to be discarded to an unknown destination To make the router fully connected one router must be connected to a network The default route can be applied when the router wants to be fully connected and requires no record of individual route An individ ual route can be specified to represent all other routes by default route The function and usage of static route are illustrated in the follow ing example FIGURE 3 DEFAULT ROUTE CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE 211 211 211 1 24 192 168 4 1 24 192 168 4 2 24 211 211 211 2 24 RI R2 R3 As shown in Figure 3 R2 and router R3 in the Internet network are connected R2 did not record all network addresses in the Internet it uses default route to d
123. ss lt process id gt configuration information and state zxR10 Show ip ospf neighbor interface lt inter This views OSPF neighbor face name gt neighbor id lt neighbor gt process lt process id gt o show ip ospf database This views link state database 5 o debug ip ospf adj This tracks OSPF adjacency information o debug ip ospf packet This tracks OSPF receiving packets and sending packets 7 o debug ip ospf Isa generation This tracks OSPF LSA generation information ls o debug ip ospf events This tracks OSPF events Note When two routers cannot communicate it is because the adja cency is not formed Check whether the neighbor relationship state between two OSPF routers is Full Full state is the flag of normal running OSPF protocol Link state database is the source of all OSPF routes in the IP rout ing table Many route problems may be caused by the incorrect information or information losing in the link state database 34 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter 5 IS IS Configuration Table of Contents STS OOVEINEW vec iixicikiviceniedenirhancesiitanianiniaaneiatanesnianieheens 35 CONTIQUring IS IT mierenie n Ee Gerken ier a7 IS IS Configuration Examplesiaiisssisrintiadseiaceranaeraiseadawradnataawn 40 IS IS Maintenance and DidQHOSIS iscscseacersteavecerciessanetereecnses 44 IS IS Overview Intermediate System to Intermediate System IS IS is a routing protocol in
124. sssssssssrnesrrnrnsrrrrsrsrrnrerrrnns 102 Configuring BGP FRR areont a a inden eadecdeh eds 102 Configuring LDP FRR sic tec wii eciii iver evens ee 103 IP LDP FRR Configuration Example ccccccceceseeeseeeeeeeeas 103 OSPF FRR Configuration Example eeeeeeeeeeeeeees 103 IS IS FRR Configuration Example eceeeeeeeeee eee 104 BGP FRR Configuration Example seeeeeeeeee eens 104 LDP FRR Configuration Example ccceseeeeeeeeee eens 105 IP LDP FRR Maintenance and Diagnosis ccceeeeee eee eees 106 BFD Configuration ssssssssssusunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn LOZ BFD OVErVICW E A E A A A Vielen seek 107 Configuring BED arrivons siia in aea aaa a AAE ANARA A NS 108 BFD Configuration Example cccecseeee eee eeeee eee eeeeeeaeees 109 BFD Maintenance and DiagnoSis ecceeeeeeeeee este ees 110 RIQUIGS wiccvncssestvedssccesncessctwndevadastcssecesucevsaucsoene co WADI E E mete LL List Of GIOSSAaFY sssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn LES About This Manual Purpose This manual provides procedures and guidelines that support the operation of ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch Intended This manual is intended for engineers and technicians who perform Audience operation activities on ZXR10 8900 Series V2 8 02 C 10 Gigabit Routing Switch What Is in This This manual contains the following chapters Manual TABLE 1 CHAPTER SUMMARY chapt
125. stablished When a DR or a router with multicast members connected directly receives the first multicast packet from the multicast group or when the received packets reach a threshold it can be switched over from the shared tree to the per source shortest path tree Once the switchover occurs the route will send a Prune message to the upstream neighbors requesting to be separated from the shared tree MSDP MSDP is a mechanism that allows RPs in each PIM SM domain to share information about active sources Each RP knows the re ceivers within the local domain When RPs has learned informa tion about active sources in remote domains they can transfer the information to receivers in local domain Thus multicast packets can be forwarded among domains 74 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDHY Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration MSDP speaker in a PIM SM domain establishes MSDP peering ses sion with MSDP peers in other domains through TCP connection When MSDP speaker has learnt a new multicast source through the PIM register mechanism in local domain it creates a Source Active message and sends it to all the MSDP peers Each MSDP peer that receives the message uses peer RPF check and only the SA message received on correct interface is for warded discarding the others When an MSDP peer which is also an RP for its own domain receives a new SA message and the outgoing interface list in G ent
126. suunsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn D RIP OVEFVIEW crruas nanne EE AE eta AE R 9 Metric and Administrative Distance sssessssrrrrrrrererrrn 9 RIP TIMES esse ceic ceive ceieceiieeeveceev eevee bveceieer NE 10 Route Updaters nco a E i E 10 Configuring RIP eci a a a a avadaeba ners 10 Enabling RIP aw icseiweiads hivengheativelade aida AENA 10 Adjusting RIP TIME sisien nea 11 Configuring RIP NeighboOr sssssssssrssserrrssrrrnrsrrrrnrererers 11 Configuring RIP Authentication ssssssssssessreersrerrsrrrerers 11 Configuring Split Horizon and Poison Reverse sse 12 Configuring Route Redistribution cceeeeee nsec eee 12 Configuring RIP Interface Mode c eeeeeeee eee ee eee eeees 13 Configuring RIP Version c scceeeeeee eee ee test eeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 RIP Configuration Example cceceeeee eee ee tees cena eeeeeeneees 13 RIP Maintenance and Diagnosis ceceeeee eee ee teste eee ees 14 OSPF Configuration BERBER ERR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR 17 OSPF OVERVIEW sad iiacuuiais deuce dative ad a a es 17 OSPF Algorithms eenen cutie en ba lelaese anaes meets 18 OSPF Network TypeS ssssssesserssrnssrserresnorrnorrerresssenson 18 Hello Packet ANd TIMESS ccccecceeeeeee eee eee eee e eae eeeneeeaees 19 OSPF NEINBOENT 19 Adjacency and Designated Router ceeeeeeeeeeeeee es 19 Router Priority and DR Election cccecceeeeee eee eeeeeeeenees 20 OSPF ATOA viz aciedecttovauees AKENE NANTA K
127. t group Each source sends packets to the central point along the shortest path route Then the source takes the central point as root node to distribute the packets to all the receivers in the group The central point of a PIM SM group is called Rendezvous Point RP A network is allowed to have multi ple RPs but a multicast group only has one RP A router can obtain the location of the RP by three methods Configure RPs manually and statically on various routers run ning the PIM SM PIM SM V1 obtains such locations through automatic RPs dy namically Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 73 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH PIM SM V2 obtains such locations through the candidate RP notification The candidate RPs with higher priority will be come formal RPs PIM SM V2 manually configures some routers running PIM SM as candidate BSRs BootStrap Router and selects the candidate BSR with the highest priority as the formal BSR BSR is responsi ble for collecting candidate RP messages from the entire multicast routers It also tries to find the candidate RPs existing in the mul ticast domain and advertises them to all the PIM routers in the PIM domain Each PIM router selects the optimum RP for each group in the RP set according to the unified RP election rule RP candidates are configured manually Routers running PIM SM attempt to find each other and main tain the neighbor
128. t hop The for warding engine is separated with control engine That means the protocol is bound with forwarding layer and the protocol is sepa rated from routing protocol engine the control layer BFD can be considered as a simple Hello protocol Two routers send BFD packet on each path periodically It is confirmed that the bidirectional path from system to neighbor is failure if the system fails to receive packet in a period of time For some special cases router can negotiate to stop sending BFD packet periodically which decreases the load Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 107 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring BFD To configure BFD perform the following steps 1 To configure basic BFD parameters use the following com mand ZXR10 config if bfd interval lt milliseconds gt min_rx This configures basic BFD lt milliseconds gt multiplier lt multiplier value gt parameters Parameter descriptions interval lt milliseconds gt Specify the minimal time interval for sending BFD packet min_rx lt milliseconds gt Specify the minimal time interval for receiving BFD packet multiplier lt multiplier value gt Specify the examine multiplier of BFD packet 2 To enable BFD function in different modules use one of the following commands ZXR10 config router ip ospf bfd This enables BFD in OSPF ZXR10 config router isis bfd This enables BFD in IS IS
129. t static route This configures static IP lt source gt lt group gt lif lt interfacename gt oif multicast route lt index number gt Example As shown in Figure 26 R1 connects with a multicast source 1 1 1 1 and R3 connects with two group members 78 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTERHY Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration FIGURE 26 STATIC IP MULTICAST CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE VLAN 1 2x R3 VLAN2 A as Member of multicast roup 255 1 1 1 VLAN3 Soup A Member of multicast group 255 1 1 1 Multicast source 1 1 1 1 Multicast group 255 1 1 1 Configuration on R3 ZXR10 config ip multicast routing ZXR10 config ip multicast static start ZXR10 config ip multicast static interface index 1 vlan 2 3 ZXR10 config ip multicast static limit xg 16 sg 16 ZXR10 config ip multicast static route 1 1 1 1 2291 21 17 iif vlanl Gif 1 Use the same method to configure R1 and R2 Configuring PIM SM Enabling PIM SM To enable PIM SM perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config router pimsm This enables PIM SM process globally 2 ZXR10 config interface lt jinterface name gt This enters interface configuration mode 3 ZXR10 config if ip pim sm This adds an interface that runs PIM SM Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 79 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH Configuring Static RP A static RP ca
130. teps 1 zxR10 Show ip rip vrf lt vrf name gt This views protocol information ZXR10 Show ip rip interface vrf lt vrf name gt lt interf This views current ace name gt configuration and status of RIP interface ZXR10 Show ip rip neighbors This views information of all configured neighbors z r 5 zxR10 Show ip rip networks vrf lt vrf name gt This views all RIP interface information o debug ip rip This tracks RIP basic process of transmitting and receiving packet 7 zxR10 debug ip rip database This tracks the change process of RIP routing table Example This example shows RIP debugging information ZXR10 debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on ZXR10 11 01 28 RIP building update entries 4 ZXR10 Show ip rip database vrf lt vrf name gt netw This views routing entries ork lt ip address gt mask lt net mask gt generated by RIP protocol R 14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH 30 1 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 30 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 77 0 0 0 9 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 93 1 168 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 97 1 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 99 2 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 202 119 8 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 11 01 28 RIP sending v2 periodic update to via vlanl0O 193 1 1 111 30 1 0 0 16 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 30 1 1 0 24 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0 77 0 0 0 9 via 0 0 0 0 metric 1 tag 0
131. ticast group addresses 224 0 0 0 224 0 0 255 and 239 0 0 0 239 255 255 255 are used for research and management IGMP IGMP allows multicast router to learn information of multicast group members IGMP runs between host and multicast router A multicast router sends group member query messages to all hosts periodically to learn which group members exist in the con nected networks Each host returns a group member report mes sage The message contains multicast group information and it reports which group the host belongs to When a host wants to be added to a new group it sends a group member report message immediately instead of waiting for a query When a host begins to receive information as a group member the multicast router queries the group periodically to learn whether this member is still in the group If members of the group still exist on an interface the multicast router continues to forward data When the host leaves the group it sends a leaving message to the multicast router The multicast router immediately queries whether the group still contains active members or not If yes the multicast router continues to forward data if no it stops forward ing data There are two versions of IGMP in practical applications IGMP V1 and IGMP V2 IGMP V2 has more enhanced features than IGMP V1 It uses 4 types of messages to accomplish information interaction between hosts and router Group member query V2 member repo
132. troduced by International Organization for Standardiza tion ISO for Connectionless Network Service CLNS IS IS works on the network layer of the Open Systems Interconnection OSI When IS IS is expanded and added with the function to support IP routing it becomes Integrated IS IS The IS IS introduced in this document refers to Integrated IS IS IS IS protocol is widely used in network as an IGP The working mechanism of IS IS is similar to that of OSPF Partition the network into areas in which the router only manages the routing informa tion in the area This saves router cost This feature enables IS IS to be used to meet the requirements of large scaled network IS IS protocol is based on CLNS instead of IP When the routers are communicating IS IS uses Protocol Data Unit PDU defined by ISO There are three types of PDUs that are used in IS IS Hello PDU Link state PDU LSP Sequence number PDU SNP Hello PDU is similar to Hello message in OSPF protocol It is re sponsible for forming adjacency between routers It is also used to find new neighbor and detect whether any neighbor exits IS IS routers exchange routing information set up and maintain link state database by use of link state PDUs An LSP indicates important information about a router covering area and connected network SNP is used to ensure reliable transmission of LSPs SNP contains summary information about each LSP on a network When a router rece
133. ts BGP neighbor remote as lt number gt ZXR10 config router network lt j p address gt lt net ma_ This advertises a network sk gt route map lt map tag gt Example Figure 13 shows an example of BGP configuration R1 resides in AS 100 and R2 resides in AS 200 46 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDY Chapter 6 BGP Configuration FIGURE 13 Basic BGP CONFIGURATION 182 16 0 0 16 182 17 0 0 16 10 1 1 1 30 Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 10 1 1 1 remote as 200 ZXR10_R1 config router network 182 16 0 0 255 255 0 0 Configuration R2 ZXR10_R2 config router bgp 200 ZXR10_R2 config router neighbor 10 1 1 2 remote as 100 ZXR10_R3 config router network 182 17 0 0 255 255 0 0 In the configurations above Ri and R2 define the other party as a BGP neighbor each other Since R1 and R2 reside in different ASs an EBGP session will be established R1 will advertise network 182 16 0 0 16 R2 will advertise network 182 17 0 0 16 Configuring BGP Route Advertisement There ate two methods to advertise BGP routes One method is to use network command the other is to use redistribute com mand To advertise a network perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process 2 ZXR10 config router network lt jip address gt lt net ma_ This advertises a network sk gt route ma
134. ure BGP maintenance and diagnosis perform the follow ing steps show ip bgp protocol This views BGP configuration information show ip bgp neighbor This views BGP neighbor information R10 Show ip bgp route network lt ip address gt m This views entries in BGP ask lt net mask gt routing table show ip bgp summary This views states of BGP neighbor connections o debug ip bgp in This tracks notification messages received by BGP and lists error codes and sub error codes This tracks the notification messages sent by BGP and lists error codes and sub error codes This tracks the BGP connecting statuses and migration Example This example shows how to track the process of BGP state migra tion ZXR10 debug ip bgp events BGP events debugging is on ZXR10 04 10 07 BGP 192 168 1 2 reset due to Erroneous BGP Open received 04 10 07 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from Connect to Idle 04 10 08 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from Idle to Connect 04 10 13 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from Connect to OpenSent 04 10 13 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from OpenSent to OpenConfirm 04 10 13 BGP 192 168 1 2 went from OpenConfirm to Established ZXR10 64 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION Chapter T Load Sharing Configuration Table of Contents Load Sharning Overy Wi isrener eaa 65 Configuring Load Shang sckmircismummisciineinintekeuaed 66 Load Sharing Configuration ExamplesS cccccsceeeeeseeeeaeeenena
135. ute Redirect command based on ACL As for each ACL rule route can be redi rected to only one next hop When this next hop is down cor responding policy routing will get invalid When there are multi ple outgoing interfaces on the switch redirect route to multiple next hops by configuring Redirect When the master link is down it switches to the backup next hop automatically Then policy rout ing backup PBR BACK function is implemented Specify priority for each next hop when configuring redirect to mul tiple next hops When the currently used next hop with high prior ity is down it will switch to the next hop with sub high priority with the switchover time within one second It is available to configure whether to switch back to the next hop with high priority restores after it restores normal Configuring Policy Routing Backup To implement policy routing backup function configure redirect function which can specify multiple next hops Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 95 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTERH ZXR10 config redirect in lt ac no gt lt acil name gt rule id This configures redirect function lt rule no gt cpu interface lt port name gt next hop1 in global configuration mode lt ip addr gt lt 0 7 gt next hop2 lt ip addr gt lt 0 7 and the number of configured gt next hop3 lt jip addr gt lt 0 7 gt next hop4 next hops is 8 at most lt ip
136. uter bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This sends community send community attribute when advertising routes to neighbors Example Note Community attribute is not sent to neighbors by default Use rout e map command to define community attribute when configuring community attribute In this example Ri notifies its neighbors that route 192 166 1 0 24 should not be advertised to other EBGP neighbors Configuration on R1 ZXR10_R1 config router bgp 100 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 remote as 300 ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 send community ZXR10_R1 config router neighbor 3 3 3 3 route map setcommunity out ZXR10_R1 config route map setcommunity permit 10 ZXR10_R1 config route map match ip address 1 ZXR10_R1 config route map set community no export ZXR10_R1 config route map setcommunity permit 20 ZXR10_R1 config acl standard number 1 ZXR10 R1 config std acl rule 1 permit 192 166 1 0 0 0 0 255 Configuring BGP Synchronization As shown in Figure 21 R1 and R2 run BGP R1 R2 and R5 run OSPF Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 57 ZXR10 8900 Series User Manual IPv4 Routing Volume ZTEDH FIGURE 21 CONFIGURING BGP SYNCHRONIZATION R5 150 10 0 0 24 RI P 3 3 3 1 30 os R2 2x 2 1 1 1 1 30 170 10 0 0 24 170 10 0 0 24 2 2 2 1 30 1 1 1 2 30 R3 170 10
137. uter bgp 256 config router neighbor 3 3 3 2 remote as 300 config router neighbor 128 213 11 1 remote as 256 config router bgp default local preference 200 54 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 6 BGP Configuration Configuring MED Attribute MED attribute is used for the interaction among ASs for route se lection By default the router only compares the metric values of the BGP neighbors in the same AS Default value of medic is 0 The path with a lower metric is pre ferred over a path with a higher metric The metric value is not transferred to third party ASs That is when an update packet with a metric value is received and it has to be transmitted to a third party AS the default metric value is transmitted To configure MED attribute perform the following steps ZXR10 config router bgp lt as number gt This starts BGP process ZXR10 config router neighbor lt p address gt This sends MED attribute to send med neighbor when advertising route ZXR10 config route map set metric lt va ue gt This configures metric value ZXR10 config router bgp always compare med This compare metric values of the neighbors in different ASs Example Ri receives the update of 180 10 0 0 from R2 R3 and R4 at the same time as shown in Figure 20 By default only the metric values of neighbor R3 and R4 in the same AS are compared The metric value of R3 is lower than that
138. vergence switch the route to the op timal path Li Obviously the backup path is to fill the FRR gap up which switches the traffic to the backup next hop to guarantee the traffic will not be interrupted In MPLS area the link or node failure causes the unavailable LSP and the interrupt MPLS traffic Similar with IP FRR LDP FRR is a mechanism to guarantee the traffic can be fast recovered in MPLS area Redirect MPLS traffic to the backup path that is specified by IGP is doable because MPLS traffic path is specified by IGP The working flow of LDP FRR is shown below 1 The route protocol advertises the optimal and IP FRR backup path to LDP LDP records their corresponding labels into for 100 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTERHY Chapter 10 IP LDP FRR Configuration warding layer Before the failure occurs MPLS traffic is for warded according to the optimal path 2 The forwarding layer switches MPLS traffic to IP FRR backup path for forwarding after the failure is examined 3 After finishing the route re convergence forwarding layer switches MPLS traffic to the optimal path Configuring IP LDP FRR Configuring OSPF FRR To configure OSPF FRR perform the following steps 1 To enter OSPF configuration mode use the following command ZXR10 config router ospf lt ospfid gt This enters OSPF configuration mode 2 To enable FRR function and choose calculation policy of backup r
139. with different versions To configure IGMP version on interface perform the following steps 1 ZXR10 config interface vlan lt vian id gt This enters interface configuration mode 2 ZXR10 config if ip igmp version lt version gt This configures IGMP version on interface Configuring IGMP Group on Interface To configure IGMP group on interface perform the following steps ZXR10 config if ip igmp access group This configures the range lt access list number gt of groups to which IGMP is allowed to be added ZXR10 config if 4ip igmp immediate leave This configures the range of group list lt access list number gt groups from which IGMP is allowed to leave immediately ZXR10 config if ip igmp static group This configures static group lt group address gt members on an IGMP interface Note For step 1 when IGMP is running on an interface all multicast groups are received by default The range of receiving groups can be set If the Join request from a host does not belong to the range it is discarded For step 2 after receiving an IGMP Leave message or if no report message is received after last member query intervalx2 1 sec onds group members will leave 76 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION ZTEDH Chapter 8 Multicast Route Configuration For step 3 static group address can be bound on an interface suppose there always are group members on this interface

ZXR10 8900 Series 10 Gigabit Routing Switch

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