BrightEye 83 and 83-F Manual 1.0
Contents
1. BrightEye 83 and 33 F gt BrightEye 83 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converter ENSEMBLE DoE See OTNES HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converter and HDMI to Fiber 3G HD SD SDI Converter User Guide gt BrightEye 83 F Homi to Optical and Electrical 3G HD SD SDI ENSEMBLE DEMS MING INES Revision 1 0 SW v1 2 0 Regardless of how quickly we need to take Mitto to air it works famously every time And it looks spectacular When we covered the blizzards last winter all of our user generated content submissions and Skype came through Mitto John Schilberg VP of Technology Griffin Communications KWTV KOTV and KQCW BrightEye palm sized video and audio conversion HD up down cross conversion scan conversion and test signal generators with 3G HD SD ASI HDMI video audio and optical choices Everything is made at our factory in Nevada City California Shipped with care to television broadcasters and video facilities all over the world And consider our Avenue product line when you need a modular system Who is Ensemble Designs By Engineers For Engineers In 1989 a former television station engineer who loved designing and building video equipment decided to start a new company He relished the idea of taking an existing group of equipment and adding a few special pieces in order to create an even more elegant ensemble So he designed and built his first product and the company was born Focus2. An optical interface between two devices carries data by modulating a light source This light source is typically a laser or laser diode similar to an LED which is turned on and off at the bitrate of the datastream The light is carried from one device to another through a glass fiber The fiber s core acts as a waveguide or lightpipe to carry the light energy from one end to another Optical transmission has two very significant advantages over metallic copper cables Firstly it does not require that the two endpoint devices have any electrical connection to each other This can be very advantageous in large facilities where problems with ground loops appear And secondly and most importantly an www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 22 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F optical interface can carry a signal for many kilometers or miles without any degradation or loss in the recovered signal Copper is barely useful at distances of just 1000 feet Oversampling A technique to perform digital sampling at a multiple of the required sample rate This has the advantage of raising the Nyquist Rate the maximum frequency which can be reproduced by a given sample rate much higher than the desired passband This allows more easily realized anti aliasing filters PAL During the early days of color television in North America European broadcasters developed a competing system called Phase Alternation by Li
3. Troubleshooting The Input Menu status displays Unknown and the Invalid Input LED is illuminated on the front panel The Input Menu status in BrightEye Mac PC will display Unknown and the Invalid Input LED on the front panel will illuminate red if 1 The incoming signal is HDCP encrypted 2 The incoming signal is an unsupported format such as a computer resolution of 1024 x 768 3 The incoming signal is an unsupported refresh rate Please Note HDCP High bandwidth Digital Content Protection is a content encryption system for HDMI It is meant to prevent copyright content from being copied Protected content like a movie on a Blu Ray disc is encrypted by its creator Devices that want to display the protected content like a television must have an authorized key in order to decode the signal and display it The entity that controls the HDCP standard strictly limits the kinds of devices that are allowed decryption keys Devices that decrypt the content and provide an unencrypted copy are not allowed No Input LED is illuminated on the front panel the Power LED is illuminated If no Input LED illuminated on the front panel but the Power LED is illuminated the BrightEye is not detecting any input signal Check your cabling connections Note In this situation the Input Menu status in BrightEye Mac PC will display No Input www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 14 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters Br
4. 83 F Inputs and Outputs HDMIIn Connect your video source to the HDMI Input BrightEye 83 and 83 F support all of the 3G HD and SD standards listed in the chart in the Using the BrightEye Control Application on page 11 Note HDCP High bandwidth Digital Content Protection is a content encryption system for HDMI It is meant to prevent copyright content from being copied Protected content like a movie on a Blu Ray disc is encrypted by its creator Devices that want to display the protected content like a television must have an authorized key in order to decode the signal and display it The entity that controls the HDCP standard strictly limits the kinds of devices that are allowed decryption keys Devices that decrypt the content and provide an unencrypted copy are not allowed e SDI Outputs Two identical SDI outputs are provided for feeding destinations that accept standard definition video signals and 3 Gb s and 1 5 Gb s high definition video signals e Optical SDI Out BrightEye 83 F Only This output is a 3G HD or SD SDI signal It is the same signal that is on the electrical 3G HD SD SDI Out BNCs www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 9 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Operation Operation of the BrightEye 83 and 83 F is performed from the front panel or remotely from a networked PC with the BrightEye Mac PC Control application software Front Panel Indicators The fro
5. analog component format that is similar to SMPTE but differs in the amplitude of the color difference signals It may also carry setup on the luminance channel Bit A binary digit or bit is the smallest amount of information that can be stored or transmitted digitally by electrical optical magnetic or other means A single bit can take on one of two states On Off Low High Asserted Deasserted etc It is represented numerically by the numerals 1 one and 0 zero A byte containing 8 bits can represent 256 different states The binary number 11010111 for example has the value of 215 in our base 10 numbering system When a value is carried digitally each additional bit of resolution will double the number of different states that can be represented Systems www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 17 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F that operate with a greater number of bits of resolution or quantization will be able to capture a signal with more detail or fidelity Thus a video digitizer with 12 bits of resolution will capture 4 times as much detail as one with 10 bits Blanking The Horizontal and Vertical blanking intervals of a television signal refer to the time periods between lines and between fields No picture information is transmitted during these times which are required in CRT displays to allow the electron beam to be repositioned for the start of the next line or field They a
6. quantizations bit depths In television systems these will generally be 48 KHz and either 20 or 24 bits AFD Active Format Description is a method to carry information regarding the aspect ratio of the video content The specification of AFD was standardized by SMPTE in 2007 and is now beginning to appear in the marketplace AFD can be included in both SD and HD SDI transport systems There is no legacy analog implementation See WSS ASI A commonly used transport method for MPEG video streams ASI or Asynchronous Serial Interface operates at the same 270 Mb s data rate as SD SDI This makes it easy to carry an ASI stream through existing digital television infrastructure Known more formally as DVB ASI this transport mechanism can be used to carry multiple program channels Aspect Ratio The ratio of the vertical and horizontal measurements of an image 4 3 is the aspect ratio for standard definition video formats and television and 16 9 for high definition Converting formats of unequal ratios is done by letterboxing horizontal bars or pillar boxing vertical pillars in order to keep the original format s aspect ratio Bandwidth Strictly speaking this refers to the range of frequencies i e the width of the band of frequency used by a signal or carried by a transmission channel Generally wider bandwidth will carry and reproduce a signal with greater fidelity and accuracy Beta Sony Beta SP video tape machines use an
7. 3 F Free Software Upgrades Forever Functional Description and Block Diagram Applications Rear Connectors Power Connection HDMI Connection USB Connection SDI Outputs Inputs and Outputs Operation Front Panel Indicators Status Indicators Using the BrightEye Control Application Input Menu Troubleshooting The Input Menu status displays Unknown and the Invalid Input LED is illuminated on the front panel No Input LED is illuminated on the front panel the Power LED is illuminated Software Updating Warranty and Factory Service Warranty Factory Service Specifications for BrightEye 83 and BrightEye 83 F Glossary www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 3 o o oo oo N A Ww KR HR A w wana N oO O O oO 14 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Product Overview BrightEye 83 and BrightEye 83 F convert HDMI to 3G HD or SD SDI These units are convenient for broadcast video cameras and other sources with an HDMI output BrightEye 83 and 83 F pass embedded audio and support all 8 audio channels on the HDMI input BrightEye 83 converts HDMI to standard definition video signals and 3 Gb s and 1 5 Gb s high definition signals BrightEye 83 F presents both electrical and optical serial digital outputs The optical output can drive single mode fiber to a distance of 20 kilometers With an optical launch power attenuator multi mode fiber can also be used Signal monitoring is provided on the
8. 4 or 60 Hz 720p SMPTE 296M 1 2 3 50 59 94 or 60 Hz 1080p SMPTE 274M 9 10 11 23 98 24 25 Hz 1080sF RP211 14 15 16 23 98 24 25 Hz 1080p SMPTE 424M 425M 50 59 94 60 Level A 525i 625i SMPTE 259M Serial Digital Output Number Two BNC Type Follows Input Impedance 75Q Return Loss gt 15 dB to 1 485 GHz gt 10 dB to 2 97 GHz Output DC None AC coupled Optical Output BE83 F Only Number One LC UPC Type Follows Input Wavelength 1310 nm non CWDM Wavelengths 170 nm 1610 nm at 20 nm CWDM spacing available Call factory for price and specify part number BE83 F SP Power 7 dBm Max Cable Length 20 km For greater distances or higher power and larger loss budgets please contact the factory Fiber Type Single Mode Multi mode compatible with attenuation at transmit end General Specifications Size 5 625 W x 0 8 H x 5 5 D 143 mm x 20 mm x 140 mm including connectors Power 12 volts 5 watts Temperature Range 0 to 40 C ambient Relative Humidity 0 to 95 non condensing www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 16 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Glossary AES EBU The digital audio standard defined as a joint effort of the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcast Union AES EBU or AES3 describes a serial bitstream that carries two audio channels thus an AES stream is a stereo pair The AES EBU standard covers a wide range of sample rates and
9. AL composite system Since the U axis is very close to the B Y axis and the V axis is very close to the R Y axis YUV is often used as a sort of shorthand for the more long winded Y R Y B Y Y Cr Cb In digital component video the luminance component is Y and the two color difference signals are Cr R Y and Cb B Y Y Pr Pb In analog component video the image is carried in three components The luminance is Y the R Y color difference signal is Pr and the B Y color difference signal is Pb www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 26
10. HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F HDMI The High Definition Multimedia Interface comes to us from the consumer marketplace where it is becoming the de facto standard for the digital interconnect of display devices to audio and video sources It is an uncompressed all digital interface that transmits digital video and eight channels of digital audio HDMI is a bit serial interface that carries the video content in digital component form over multiple twisted pairs HDMI is closely related to the DVI interface for desktop computers and their displays IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission provides a wide range of worldwide standards They have provided standardization of the AC power connection to products by means of an IEC line cord The connection point uses three flat contact blades in a triangular arrangement set in a rectangular connector The IEC specification does not dictate line voltage or frequency Therefore the user must take care to verify that a device either has a universal input capable of 90 to 230 volts either 50 or 60 Hz or that a line voltage switch if present is set correctly Interlace Human vision can be fooled to see motion by presenting a series of images each with a small change relative to the previous image In order to eliminate the flicker our eyes need to see more than 30 images per second This is accomplished in television systems by dividing the lines that make up each video fram
11. bledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 4 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Functional Description and Block Diagram As shown in the functional block diagram below HDMI is fed to the BrightEye 83 or 83 F on an HDMI 1 3 connector Whan a valid input is detected it is converted to 3G HD or SD SDI 8 channels of incomming audio are supported and embedded in the SDI outputs BrightEye 83 provides two electrical SDI outputs BNC BrightEye 83 F provides two electrical SDI outputs BNC and one optical output BrightEye 83 and 83 F are powered by a 12 volt DC universal power supply This power supply can accept an input voltage between 90 and 230 volts at 50 or 60 Hertz BrightEye 83 and 83 F use a standard IEC line cord and can be used anywhere in the world It is normal for the converter to be quite warm to the touch when operating to LED s and 3G HD SD SDI Out BrightEye Mac PC Application Software Format Detection Embedder Serializer TRS Insertion Video Signal HDMI DN Audio Signal HDMI In 8 Channel Audio Processor Sample Rate Conversion Color Space Conversion 3G HD SD SDI Clock Optical Out Regenerator BE83 F Only to all circuits BrightEye 83 and 83 F Functional Block Diagram www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 5 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Applications One
12. can be thought of as data about the data In other words the metadata in a data stream tells you about that data but it is not the data itself In the television industry this word is sometimes used correctly when for example we label as metadata the timecode which accompanies a video signal That timecode tells you something about the video i e when it was shot but the timecode in and of itself is of no interest But in our industry s usual slovenly way in matters linguistic the term metadata has also come to be used to describe data that is associated with the primary video in a datastream So embedded audio will incorrectly be called metadata when it tells us nothing at all about the pictures Oh well Multi mode Multi mode fibers have a larger diameter core than single mode fibers either 50 or 62 5 microns compared to 9 microns and a correspondingly larger aperture It is much easier to couple light energy into a multi mode fiber but internal reflections will cause multiple modes of the signal to propagate down the fiber This will degrade the ability of the fiber to be used over long distances See also Single Mode NTSC The color television encoding system used in North America was originally defined by the National Television Standards Committee This American standard has also been adopted by Canada Mexico Japan Korea and Taiwan This standard is referred to disparagingly as Never Twice Same Color Optical
13. e which run at 25 or 30 frames per second into two fields All of the odd numbered lines are transmitted in the first field the even numbered lines are in the second field In this way the repetition rate is 50 or 60 Hz without using more bandwidth This trick has worked well for years but it introduces other temporal artifacts Motion pictures use a slightly different technique to raise the repetition rate from the original 24 frames that make up each second of film they just project each one twice IRE Video level is measured on the IRE scale where 0 IRE is black and 100 IRE is full white The actual voltages that these levels correspond to can vary between formats ITU R 601 This is the principal standard for standard definition component digital video It defines the luminance and color difference coding system that is also referred to as 4 2 2 The standard applies to both PAL and NTSC derived signals They both will result in an image that contains 720 pixels horizontally with 486 vertical pixels in NTSC and 576 vertically in PAL Both systems use a sample clock rate of 27 MHz and are serialized at 270 Mb s Jitter Serial digital signals either video or audio are subject to the effects of jitter This refers to the instantaneous error that can occur from one bit to the next in the exact position of each digital transition Although the signal may be at the correct frequency on average in the interim it varies Some bits com
14. e slightly early others come slightly late The measurement of this jitter is given either as the amount of time uncertainty or as the fraction of a bit width For 270 Mb s SD video the allowable jitter is 740 picoseconds or 0 2 UI Unit Interval one bit width For 1 485 Gb s HD the same 0 2UI spec corresponds to just 135 pico seconds www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 21 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Luminance The black amp white content of the image Human vision had more acuity in luminance so television systems generally devote more bandwidth to the luminance content In component systems the luminance is referred to as Y MPEG The Moving Picture Experts Group is an industry group that develops standards for the compression of moving pictures for television Their work is an on going effort The understanding of image processing and information theory is constantly expanding And the raw bandwidth of both the hardware and software used for this work is ever increasing Accordingly the compression methods available today are far superior to the algorithms that originally made the real time compression and decompression of television possible Today there are many variations of these techniques and the term MPEG has to some extent become a broad generic label Metadata This word comes from the Greek meta means beyond or after When used as a prefix to data it
15. e treated independently of the video Eye Pattern To analyze a digital bitstream the signal can be displayed visually on an oscilloscope by triggering the horizontal timebase with a clock extracted from the stream Since the bit positions in the stream form a very regular cadence the resulting display will look like an eye an oval with slightly pointed left and right ends It is easy to see from this display if the eye is open with a large central area that is free of negative or positive transitions or closed where those transitions are encroaching toward the center In the first case the open eye indicates that recovery of data from the stream can be made reliably and with few errors But in the closed case data will be difficult to extract and bit errors will occur Generally it is jitter in the signal that is the enemy of the eye Frame Sync A Frame Synchronizer is used to synchronize the timing of a video signal to coincide with a timing reference usually a color black signal that is distributed throughout a facility The synchronizer accomplishes this by writing the incoming video into a frame buffer memory under the timing direction of the sync information contained in that video Simultaneously the memory is being read back by a timing system that is genlocked to a house reference As a result the timing or alignment of the video frame can be adjusted so that the scan of the upper left corner of the image is happening si
16. ed On What You Need As the company has grown more former TV station engineers have joined Ensemble Designs and this wealth of practical experience fuels the company s innovation Everyone at the company is focused on providing the very equipment you need to complete your ensemble of video and audio gear We offer those special pieces that tie everything together so that when combined the whole ensemble is exactly what you need Notably Great Service for You We listen to you just tell us what you need and we ll do our best to build it We are completely focused on you and the equipment you need Being privately held means we don t have to worry about a big board of directors or anything else that might take attention away from real business And you can be sure that when you call a real person will answer the phone We love this business and we re here to stay Bricks and Mortar of Your Facility The bricks and mortar of a facility include pieces like up downconverters audio embedders video converters protection switches routers and SPGs for SD HD and 3Gb s That s what we re focused on that s all we do we make proven and reliable signal processing and infrastructure gear for video facilities worldwide for you Come on by and visit us Drop in for lunch and a tour HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Contents Product Overview Capabilities Overview for BrightEye 83 and BrightEye 8
17. erence level of 20 dBFS has 20 dB of headroom before hitting the FS clipping point DVI Digital Visual Interface DVI I integrated provides both digital and analog connectivity The larger group of pins on the connector are digital while the four pins on the right are analog EDH Error Detection and Handling is a method to verify proper reception of an SDI or HD SDI signal at the destination The originating device inserts a data packet in the vertical interval of the SDI signal and every line of the HD signal which contains a checksum of the entire video frame This checksum is formed by adding up the numerical values of all of the samples in the frame using a complex formula At the destination this same formula is applied to the incoming video and the resulting value is compared to the one included in the transmission If they match then the content has all arrived with no errors If they don t then an error has occurred Embedded Audio Digital Audio can be carried along in the same bitstream as an SDI or HD SDI signal by taking advantage of the gaps in the transmission which correspond to the horizontal and vertical intervals of the television waveform This technique can be very cost effective in transmission and routing but www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 19 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F can also add complexity to signal handling issues because the audio content can no longer b
18. front panel of the unit and through the included BrightEye Mac and BrightEye PC software In compliance with the licensing restrictions on HDCP encrypted material BrightEye 83 and 83 F cannot convert encrypted signals to SDI form A glossary of commonly used video terms is provided at the end of this user guide Capabilities Overview for BrightEye 83 and BrightEye 83 F HDMI to 3G HD and SD SDI Converter e Optical and Electrical SDI Outputs with BrightEye 83 F e Use with Cameras and Other Sources that have an HDMI Output Passes Embedded Audio e Supports all 8 Audio Channels on the HDMI Input Intuitive Front Panel Indicators e Easy to use Mac and PC User Interface e Rackmountable e 5 Year Warranty and Free Software Upgrades Free Software Upgrades Forever BrightEye Mac PC software is included with each unit at no charge Use BrightEye Mac PC software to monitor and control a single BrightEye unit or any number of units connected to a USB hub BrightEye Mac PC software is not required as the BrightEye 83 and 83 F front panel controls are intuitive and provide signal monitoring You can choose what type of monitoring and control is best for your facility BrightEye software is easily upgraded through the unit s USB port Software upgrades are available at no charge for the life of the product and are conveniently downloadable at the following link www ensembledesigns com support brighteye support brighteye software www ensem
19. h of the RGB channels all three must be carried at full bandwidth in order to faithfully reproduce an image ScH Phase Used in composite systems SCH Phase measures the relative phase between the leading edge of sync on line 1 of field 1 and a continuous subcarrier sinewave Due to the arithmetic details of both PAL and NTSC this relationship is not the same at the beginning of each frame In PAL the pattern repeats ever 4 frames 8 fields which is also known as the Bruch Blanking sequence In NTSC the repeat is every 2 frames 4 fields This creates enormous headaches in editing systems and the system timing of analog composite facilities www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 23 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Setup In the NTSC Analog Composite standard the term Setup refers to the addition of an artificial offset or pedestal to the luminance content This places the Black Level of the analog signal 54 mV 7 5 IRE positive with respect to ground The use of Setup is a legacy from the early development of television receivers in the vacuum tube era This positive offset helped to prevent the horizontal retrace of the electron beam from being visible on the CRT even if Brightness and Contrast were mis adjusted While the use of Setup did help to prevent retrace artifacts it did so at the expense of dynamic range contrast in the signal because the White Level of the signal was not changed Se
20. he film and television industries The term SMPTE is also shorthand for one particular component video format luminance and color difference Single Mode A Single mode or mono mode optical fiber carries an optical signal on a very small diameter 9 micron core surrounded with cladding The small diameter means that no internally reflected lightwaves will be propagated Thus only the original mode of the signal passes down the fiber A single mode fiber used in an optical SDI system can carry a signal for up to 20 kilometers Single mode fibers require particular care in their installation due to the extremely small optical aperture that they present at splice and connection points See also Multi mode TBC ATime Base Corrector is a system to reduce the Time Base Error in a signal to acceptable levels It accomplishes this by using a FIFO First In First Out memory The incoming video is written into the memory using its own jittery timing This operation is closely associated with the actual digitization of the analog signal because the varying position of the sync timing must be mimicked by the sampling www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 24 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F function of the analog to digital converter A second timing system genlocked to a stable reference is used to read the video back out of the memory The memory acts as a dynamically adjusting delay to smooth ou
21. ides the best image fidelity with the fewest artifacts but it requires three independent transmission paths cables The commonly used component formats are Luminance and Color Difference Y Pr Pb and RGB It was far too unwieldy in the early days of color television to even consider component transmission Composite Composite television dates back to the early days of color transmission This scheme encodes the color difference information onto a color subcarrier The instantaneous phase of the subcarrier is the color s hue and the amplitude is the color s saturation or intensity This subcarrier is then added onto the existing luminance video signal This trick works because the subcarrier is set at a high enough frequency to leave spectrum for the luminance information But it is not a seamless matter to pull the signal apart again at the destination in order to display it or process it The resultant artifacts of www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 18 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F dot crawl also referred to as chroma crawl are only the most obvious result Composite television is the most commonly used format throughout the world either as PAL or NTSC It is also referred to as Encoded video Color Difference Color Difference systems take advantage of the details of human vision We have more acuity in our black and white vision than we do in color This means that we need only the lum
22. ightEye 33 and 83 F Software Updating Software upgrades for BrightEyes are available free at the following link www ensembledesigns com support brighteye support Use BrightEye Mac or PC software to install the software update into your BrightEye Warranty and Factory Service Warranty This module is covered by a five year limited warranty If you require service under warranty or not please contact Ensemble Designs and ask for customer service before you return the unit This will allow the service technician an opportunity to provide any other suggestions for identifying the problem and to recommend possible solutions Factory Service If you return equipment for repair please get a Return Material Authorization Number RMA from the factory first tel 1 530 478 1830 fax 1 530 478 1832 service ensembledesigns com www ensembledesigns com Ship the product and a written description of the problem to Ensemble Designs Inc Attention Customer Service RMA 870 Gold Flat Rd Nevada City CA 95959 USA Be sure to put your RMA number on the outside of the box www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 15 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Specifications for BrightEye 83 and BrightEye 83 F Input Number One Type HDMI 1 3 Type C connector Format Supports HDMI signals which map to the video standards listed below SDI Standards Supported 1080i SMPTE 274M 4 5 6 50 59 9
23. inance information to be carried at full bandwidth we can scrimp on the color channels In order to do this RGB information is converted to carry all of the luminance Y is the black and white of the scene in a single channel The other two channels are used to carry the color difference Noted as B Y and R Y these two signals describe how a particular pixel differs from being purely black and white These channels typically have only half the bandwidth of the luminance Decibel dB The decibel is a unit of measure used to express the ratio in the amplitude or power of two signals A difference of 20 dB corresponds to a 10 1 ratio between two signals 6 dB is approximately a 2 1 ratio Decibels add while the ratios multiply so 26 dB is a 20 1 ratio and 14 dB is a 5 1 ratio There are several special cases of the dB scale where the reference is implied Thus dBm refers to power relative to 1 milliwatt and dBu refers to voltage relative to 775V RMS The original unit of measure was the Bel 10 times bigger named after Alexander Graham Bell dBFS In Digital Audio systems the largest numerical value that can be represented is referred to as Full Scale No values or audio levels greater than FS can be reproduced because they would be clipped The nominal operating point roughly corresponding to 0 VU must be set below FS in order to have headroom for audio peaks This operating point is described relative to FS so a digital ref
24. ion with even higher data rates and tighter jitter requirements problems with this legacy genlock signal surfaced Further a reference signal with a 50 or 60 Hz frame rate was useless with 24 Hz HD systems running at film rates Today we can think of composite black as a bi level sync signal it has two levels one at sync tip and one at blanking For HD systems Tri Level Sync which has the same blanking level at ground of bi level sync but the sync pulse now has both a negative and a positive element This keeps the signal symmetrically balanced so that its DC content is zero And it also means that the timing pickoff point is now at the point where the signal crosses blanking and is no longer subject to variation with amplitude This makes Tri Level Sync a much more robust signal and one which can be delivered with less jitter USB The Universal Serial Bus developed in the computer industry to replace the previously ubiquitous RS 232 serial interface now appears in many different forms and with many different uses It actually forms a small local area network allowing multiple devices to coexist on a single bus where they can be individually addressed and accessed VGA Video Graphics Array Traditional 15 pin analog interface between a PC and monitor www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 25 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Word Clock Use of Word Clock to genlock digital audio devices de
25. lowed Pwr Power The power indicator illuminates green when the BrightEye unit has power and the internal voltage regulator is functioning correctly www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 10 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Using the BrightEye Control Application BrightEye Mac and PC Control application software is included on a CD with each unit and offers more comprehensive monitoring of your BrightEye 83 or BrightEye 83 F BrightEye Mac PC software is designed to allow you to monitor the BrightEye 83 or 83 F from a personal computer Installation and instructions for using this software application are given in the PDF manual on the CD If the BrightEye 83 or 83 F is connected to a computer running BrightEye Mac PC software the Input menu is available for monitoring the unit This menu is detailed on the following page www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 11 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters Input Menu Input This menu provides a read only status indication of input video presence The video format coming in on the HDMI connector is auto detected and reported here BrightEye 83 and 83 F support all of the 3G HD and SD standards listed in the chart below BG wo fo ome 3c 1o80p0 72000 T D 0 a foes O a e i CS o feos fC o feos S S eoa CS o foes OO CCS i feos OOO O o 0 O S Unknown If the status indicator displays Unknown the unit i
26. multaneously on all sources This is a requirement for both analog and digital systems in order to perform video effects or switch glitch free in a router Frame synchronization can only be performed within a single television line standard A synchronizer will not convert an NTSC signal to a PAL signal it takes a standards converter to do that Frequency Response A measurement of the accuracy of a system to carry or reproduce a range of signal frequencies Similar to Bandwidth H 264 The latest salvo in the compression wars is H 264 which is also known as MPEG 4 Part 10 MPEG 4 promises good results at just half the bit rate required by MPEG 2 HD High Definition This two letter acronym has certainly become very popular Here we thought it was all about the pictures and the radio industry stole it HDCP HDCP High bandwidth Digital Content Protection is a content encryption system for HDMI It is meant to prevent copyright content from being copied Protected content like a movie on a Blu Ray disc is encrypted by its creator Devices that want to display the protected content like a television must have an authorized key in order to decode the signal and display it The entity that controls the HDCP standard strictly limits the kinds of devices that are allowed decryption keys Devices that decrypt the content and provide an unencrypted copy are not allowed www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 20 HDMI to 3G
27. ne This slightly more complex system is better able to withstand the differential gain and phase errors that appear in amplifiers and transmission systems Engineers at the BBC claim that it stands for Perfection At Last Pathological Test Pattern see Checkfield Progressive An image scanning technique which progresses through all of the lines in a frame in a single pass Computer monitors all use progressive displays This contrasts to the interlace technique common to television systems Return Loss An idealized input or output circuit will exactly match its desired impedance generally 75 ohms as a purely resistive element with no reactive capacitive or inductive elements In the real world we can only approach the ideal So our real inputs and outputs will have some capacitance and inductance This will create impedance matching errors especially at higher frequencies The Return Loss of an input or output measures how much energy is returned reflected back due to the impedance mismatch For digital circuits a return loss of 15 dB is typical This means that the energy returned is 15 dB less than the original signal In analog circuits a 40 dB figure is expected RGB RGB systems carry the totality of the picture information as independent Red Green and Blue signals Television is an additive color system where all three components add to produce white Because the luminance or detail information is carried partially in eac
28. nt panel of the converter shown in the figure below provides status indicators BrightEye 83 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converter ENSEMBLE DESIGNS BrightEye 83 Front Panel Status Indicators e In Input The incoming format 3G HD or SD will Illuminate green when a valid HDMI input is detected on the HDMI In connector BrightEye 83 and 83 F support all of the 3G HD and SD standards listed in the chart in the Using the BrightEye Control Application on page 11 The video format coming in on the HDMI connector is auto detected If an invalid or incompatible input signal is detected Invalid will illuminate red Possible reasons for this are 1 The incoming signal is HDCP encrypted see note below for an explanation of HDCP 2 The incoming signal is an unsupported format such as a computer resolution of 1024 x 768 3 The incoming signal is an unsupported refresh rate Note HDCP High bandwidth Digital Content Protection is a content encryption system for HDMI It is meant to prevent copyright content from being copied Protected content like a movie on a Blu Ray disc is encrypted by its creator Devices that want to display the protected content like a television must have an authorized key in order to decode the signal and display it The entity that controls the HDCP standard strictly limits the kinds of devices that are allowed decryption keys Devices that decrypt the content and provide an unencrypted copy are not al
29. re also used to carry synchronizing pulses which are used in transmission and recovery of the image Although some of these needs are disappearing the intervals themselves are retained for compatibility purposes They have turned out to be very useful for the transmission of additional content such as teletext and embedded audio CAV Component Analog Video This is a convenient shorthand form but it is subject to confusion It is sometimes used to mean ONLY color difference component formats SMPTE or Beta and other times to include RGB format In any case a CAV signal will always require 3 connectors either Y R Y B Y or R G B Checkfield A Checkfield signal is a special test signal that stresses particular aspects of serial digital transmission The performance of the Phase Locked Loops PLLs in an SDI receiver must be able to tolerate long runs of 0 s and 1 s Under normal conditions only very short runs of these are produced due to a scrambling algorithm that is used The Checkfield also referred to as the Pathological test signal will undo the scrambling and cause extremely long runs to occur This test signal is very useful for testing transmission paths Chroma The color or chroma content of a signal consisting of the hue and saturation of the image See also Color Difference Component In a component video system the totality of the image is carried by three separate but related components This method prov
30. s detecting an invalid or incompatible input signal Possible reasons for this are 1 The incoming signal is HDCP encrypted see note below for an explanation of HDCP 2 The incoming signal is an unsupported format such as a computer resolution of 1024 x 768 3 The incoming signal is an unsupported refresh rate Note HDCP High bandwidth Digital Content Protection is a content encryption system for HDMI It is meant to prevent copyright content from being copied Protected content like a movie on a Blu Ray disc is encrypted by its creator Devices that want to display the protected content like a television must have an authorized key in order to decode the signal and display it The entity that controls the HDCP standard strictly limits the kinds of devices that are allowed decryption keys Devices that decrypt the content and provide an unencrypted copy are not allowed No Input If the status indicator displays No Input the BrightEye is not detecting any input signal Check your cabling connections Note In this situation none of the Input LEDs on the front panel will be illuminated and the Power LED will be illuminated www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 12 lt BrightEye 83 and 33 F HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 33 F BrightEye 83 83 F Input Menu www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 13 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F
31. t the imperfections in the original signal s timing Very often a TBC will also function as a Frame Synchronizer See also Frame Sync Time Base Error Time base error is present when there is excessive jitter or uncertainty in the line to line output timing of a video signal This is commonly associated with playback from video tape recorders and is particularly severe with consumer type heterodyne systems like VHS Time base error will render a signal unusable for broadcast or editing purposes Timecode Timecode a method to uniquely identify and label every frame in a video stream has become one of the most recognized standards ever developed by SMPTE It uses a 24 hour clock consisting of hours minutes seconds and television frames Originally recorded on a spare audio track this 2400 baud signal was a significant contributor to the development of video tape editing We now refer to this as LTC or Longitudinal Time Code because it was carried along the edge of the tape This allowed it to be recovered in rewind and fast forward when the picture itself could not Timecode continues to be useful today and is carried in the vertical interval as VITC and as a digital packet as DVITC Timecode is the true metadata Tri Level Sync For many many years television systems used composite black as a genlock reference source This was a natural evolution from analog systems to digital implementations With the advent of High Definition televis
32. tup is optional in NTSC systems but is never used in PAL systems see Perfection characteristic of PAL This legacy of Setup continues to persist in North American NTSC systems while it has been abandoned in Japan In the digital component world SD and HD SDI there is obviously no need for and certainly every reason to avoid Setup In order for the interfaces between analog and digital systems to operate as transparently as possible Setup must be carefully accounted for in conversion products When performing analog to digital conversion Setup if present must be removed and the signal range gained up to account for the 7 5 reduction in dynamic range And when a digital signal is converted back to analog form Setup if desired on the output must be created by reducing the dynamic range by 7 5 and adding the 54 mV positive offset Unfortunately there is no truly foolproof algorithm to detect the presence of Setup automatically so it s definitely a case of installer beware SDI Serial Digital Interface This term refers to inputs and outputs of devices that support serial digital component video This could refer to standard definition at 270 Mb s HD SDI or High Definition Serial Digital video at 1 485 Gb s or to the newer 3G standard of High Definition video at 2 97 Gb s SMPTE The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a professional organization which has done tremendous work in setting standards for both t
33. useful application for the BrightEye 83 or 83 F is converting content from a receiver or media player to SDI video for use with a router or professional video monitor Refer to the application drawings below for examples of using BrightEye 83 or 83 F for this purpose Pro Monitor BrightEye 83 s 3G HD SD SDI In Media Player SDI Out 1 _ gt or Server HDMI SDI Out 2 Router 3G HD SD SDI In BrightEye 83 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Conversion Example xr BrightEye 83 F Optical Optical Out Receiver a to Fiber Backhaul HDMI SDI Out to another 3G HD or SD SDI Destination Router SDI Out 3G HD SD SDI In BrightEye 83 F HDMI to Optical and Electrical Conversion Example www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 6 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 33 F Rear Connectors All connections to the BrightEye 83 and 83 F are made on the rear of the unit Refer to the illustrations below for a snapshot reference A more detailed explanation of the rear connectors follows e Two identical SDI outputs Output Standard follows Input 3G HD SD 3G HD SD SDI Out BrightEye 83 Rear View USB Connector Connect a PC or Mac to the USB connector to enable use of the BrightEye Mac or PC control software included on CD Power Connector Connect a modular power supply to the 12 volt DC po
34. veloped in the audio recording industry Early digital audio products were interconnected with a massive parallel connector carrying a twisted pair for every bit in the digital audio word A clock signal which is a square wave at the audio sampling frequency is carried on a 75 ohm coaxial cable Early systems would daisychain this 44 1 or 48 kilohertz clock from one device to another with coax cable and Tee connectors On the rising edge of this Work Clock these twisted pairs would carry the left channel while on the falling edge they would carry the right channel In most television systems using digital audio the audio sample clock frequency and hence the genlock between the audio and video worlds is derived from the video genlock signal But products that are purely audio with no video reference capability may still require Word Clock WSS Wide Screen Signaling is used in the PAL 625 video standards both in analog and digital form to convey information about the aspect ratio and format of the transmitted signal Carried in the vertical interval much like closed captioning it can be used to signal a television receiver to adjust its vertical or horizontal sizing to reflect incoming material Although an NTSC specification for WSS exists it never achieved any traction in the marketplace YUV Strictly speaking YUV does not apply to component video The letters refer to the Luminance Y and the U and V encoding axes using in the P
35. wer input connection Use the locking ring to secure it Optical Output Note All other rear connectors are the same as BE83 illustration above HDMI In e 3G HD SD 3G HD SD 3G HD SD SDI Out SDI Out ut BrightEye 83 F Rear View www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 7 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and 83 F Power Connection Connect the modular power supply ED part number 23118900 to the 12 volt DC power input connection on the far left of the unit Use the locking ring to secure it HDMI Connection Connect your video source to the BrightEye 83 or 83 F HDMI Input USB Connection Your BrightEye 83 or 83 F comes with a USB cable shown below Connect the USB port to a PC or Mac running BrightEye software for more comprehensive monitoring and upgrades to the unit BrightEye PC Mac control application software is included on CD that came with your BrightEye or the application can be downloaded for free at the following link www ensembledesigns com support brighteye support by USB cable that is included with your BrightEye SDI Outputs The SDI Output BNCs output the same signal on both BNCs The Output Standard follows the Input Standard Connect to a video destination such as a router production switcher or broadcast monitor Example of a BNC cable www ensembledesigns com BrightEye 83 and 83 F Page 8 HDMI to 3G HD SD SDI Converters BrightEye 33 and
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