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Chapter-3 - CIT Computer Information Technology

1. George Boole Electricity used for first computer publishes An first time in a data renames programmer Investigation processing project Hollerith s Ada Lovelace on the Laws Hollerith s machine publishes of Thought automatic company her notes a system census tabulating founded i for symbolic machine used in 1896 to and logical International reasoning Business that will Machines become the IBM basis for computer design E T aaa a aS a First electro mechanical computer Mark I Chapter 3 3 Bienen himos Poser Eont Getting started in Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 1 Fiai Drign Frid ben Slike Shove Himi hars add ina rinkal i ui 7 aaa lh fa Tt lane Fi Tabs are designed to be task fee AE Seles AS SO ee Sia bi pe ew A EE LTE j oriented 2 groups within each i tab break a task into subtasks epee it _______fee _____ 3 command buttons in each F cas group carry out acommand or display a menu of commands Click to add title Click to add subtitle although some presentations may utilize interactive forms of navigation This software also has the ability to export to HTML p 179 for posting presentations on the web You may already be accustomed to seeing presentation graphics because many college instructors now use such software to accompany their le
2. CO DOOOOOODOOOOOOOOO COODOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO COOCDOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO COCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OO OOO OOOOOOOOOOOO COO DOOOOOOOOOOOOO OO O DOOOOOOOOOOOOO OO O0O DOOOOOOOOOOO OO OOOO DOOOOOOOOO SOME GRAPHICS FILE FORMATS When you create an image it s important to Bit mapped image choose the most appropriate graphics file format which specifies the method of organizing information in a file Among the most important graphics formats you are apt to encounter are these more formats are covered in Chapter 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 Q 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 d e bmp BitMaP This bitmap graphic file format is native to Microsoft Windows and is used on PCs Microsoft Paint creates bmp file formats gif Graphic Interchange Format This format is used in web pages and for downloadable online images jpeg Joint Photographic Experts Group Pronounced jay peg this bitmapped format is used for websites and for photos and other high resolution images File Formats For a complete list of file formats o tiff Tagged Image File Format This bitmapped format is used on both go to PCs and Macs for high resolution files that will be printed http en W ikipedia org iika png Portable network Graphics This file format was specifically List_of_file_formats i created for web page images and can be used as a public domain alternative to gif for compression Video Audio Editing Software Video and audio edit
3. See Panel 3 11 3 5 Common Operating Systems The main operating systems for general computer users are Windows Mac OS and Unix Linux The platform is the particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based For example there are Mac platforms Apple Macintosh Windows platforms and PC platforms for personal computers such as Dell Compag Lenovo Gateway and Hewlett Packard which run Microsoft Windows and Unix Linux platforms often used on large computer systems Note Although all computers can be called per sonal computers PC still generally refers to Microsoft based computers because PC evolved from PC DOS as described next Despite the dominance of these platforms some so called legacy systems are still in use A legacy system is an older outdated yet still functional technol ogy such as the DOS operating system DOS rhymes with boss for Disk Operating System was the original operating system produced by Microsoft Be mi Microsoft Outlook 2010 We Microsoft Word 2010 Stacey C Sawyer The Help menu provides a list of help options Index Lets you look up Help topics in alphabetical order Search Lets you hunt for Help topics that contain particular words or phrases ayes wj anaes Index P char acters chek 7 to get Heb framan krvy yae characters Weng with wildcard characters
4. Exchange Rates ih Brilistt Point fi anaa Oanadian Dalin 1 D027 Chinese nian Renminbi Fira Bum meres LO Ag eet Allocation Budget L Capita Gains LT Gash Flow Cash Fims Chotaified L Cost Basia indore and Expenses i Jiiateas Ten 100 45 Chapter 3 The first electronic Microsoft Xerox introduces Portable Bill Gates Apple Macintosh spreadsheet VisiCalc obtains DOS mouse operated computers announces first personal is introduced WordStar version icons buttons the first version laser printer the the first commercial that becomes and menus on of the Windows Apple Macintosh word processor for PC DOS for the Star computer operating system introduces the first consumers is IBM PC IBM introduces and releases it widely used GUI Mac System 1 0 is introduced introduced personal computer two years later IBM PC 3 REPORTING All programs compare your actual expenses with your budgeted expenses Some will compare this year s expenses to last year s 4 INCOMETAX All programs offer tax categories for indicating types of income and expenses that are important when youre filing your tax return 5 OTHER Some of the more versatile personal finance programs also offer financial planning and portfolio management features GOING BEYOND PERSONAL FINANCE Besides personal finance managers financial software includes small business accounting and tax software pro grams which provide virtually al
5. im hee ey ee Views 50026 Tags Brian Wood beginner getting started overview Acrobat 9 C54 other tutorial video Adobe ABOUT THIS SHOW LEARN ACROBAT 9 Learn how to use Acrobat 9 Pro with tutorials selected by experts at Adobe There s everything from Getting Started for beginners to New Features Workflows and Overviews MORE EPISODES IN THIS SHOW These tutorials and learning resources from Adobe and community experts will give beginners and experienced users a core overview of Adobe Acrobat X Getting started Setup Downloading installing and setting up Overview Getting started with Acrobat X video 5 19 Creating simple PDFs with Acrobat HTML What s new in Acrobat X What s new in Acrobat X Pro HTML What s new in Acrobat X Standard HTML Creating PDF files from Microsoft Office video 5 23 Converting scanned PDF files to other file formats video 5 23 Recognizing text in scanned PDF documents video 4 41 How to customize your PDF Portfolio video 5 46 Learn more Create and combine files Creating PDF files from a web browser video 3 58 Converting PDF files to other file formats video 5 45 Whatis a PDF Portfolio video 4 55 Working in PDF Portfolios video 5 09 Collaboration The basics of commenting video 5 03 Forms Managing form data video 5 19 Tutorials 25 How To Tutorials Acrobat X PDF Getting Started GS tutorials Learn Acrobat X show video s
6. Get support DIRECTOR 11 5 HOME PRODUCT INFO Festures Upgrade details Director Showcase Reviews snd awards FAQ System requirements Shodwave Player Shooweve Player statistics Compere to Flash DIRECTOR FOR Multimedia authors Game developers eLearning suthors SEE ALSO Support Developer Center User forums Events and seminars RELATED PRODUCTS Adobe Creative Suite 4 Adobe Photoshop CS4 Adobe Flash CS4 Professional Adobe Illustrator CS4 Adobe After Effects CS4 a web page viewer clicks on the file icon Animated GIF Construction Professional enables users to easily create animation via the use of a wizard It allows the cre ation of many special effects and supports compression as well as offering tutorials Among the many other GIF animation soft ware packages are Ulead Gif Animator and Easy Gif Animator Multimedia Authoring Software Multimedia software brings together many components Multimedia authoring software com bines text graphics video animation and sound in an integrated way to create stand alone multimedia appli cations Content can be burned to CDs DVDs or delivered via the web Until the mid 1990s multimedia applications were relatively uncommon owing to the expen sive hardware required With increases in performance and decreases in price how ever multimedia is now commonplace Nearly all microcomputers are capable of displaying video though the resolution available
7. SOFTWARE Tools for Productivity amp Creativity 3 1 System Software The Power behind the Power What are three components of system software what does the operating system OS do and what is a user interface 3 2 The Operating System What It Does What are the principal functions of the operating system 3 3 Other System Software Device Drivers amp Utility Programs What are the characteristics of device drivers and utility programs 3 4 Common Features of the User Interface What are some common features of the graphical software environment GUI and how do they relate to the keyboard and the mouse 3 5 Common Operating Systems What are some common desktop network and portable embedded OSs 3 6 Application Software Getting Started What are five ways of obtaining application software tools available to help me learn to use software three common types of files and the types of software 3 7 Word Processing Software What can do with word processing software that can t do with pencil and paper 3 8 Spreadsheet Programs What can do with electronic spreadsheet worksheets that can t do with pencil and paper and a standard calculator 3 9 Database Software What is database software and what is personal information management software 3 10 Specialty Application Software What are some principal kinds of specialty software 3 11 Filenames and File Extensions What are some common filename extensions what pur
8. Sound 3 Troubleshooting ra Windows Firewall Survival Tip D Update Your Drivers You should regularly once a year say update your drivers To do so visit the websites of your peripheral devices manufactur ers and download any updates You can also buy utilities for backing up and restoring drivers such as 3D2F com Software Direc tory http 3d2f com programs 54 281 my drivers download shtml or Driver Soft com s Driver Genius www driver soft com m Broadcom Control Suite 3 Desktop Gadgets E Folder Options Intermet Options P Mouse W Performance Information and Tools E Realtek HD Audio Manager Speech Recognition e User Accounts we Windows Live Lanquage Setting tility programs are incorpo rated into the operating sys tem Others such as antivirus programs are sold as stand alone programs Some important utility programs are as follows Backup Suddenly your hard disk drive fails and you have no more pro grams or files Fortunately we hope you have used a backup utility to make a backup or duplicate copy of the information on your hard disk The backup can be made to an external hard drive an off site networked online or cloud site or other choices dis cussed later in the book Examples of freestanding backup utilities are Norton Ghost from Symantec and DT Utilities PC Backup Data Recovery One day in the 1970s so the story goes programming legend Peter No
9. To set up a macro pull down the Help menu and type in macro Although many people have no need for macros individuals who find them selves continually repeating complicated patterns of keystrokes say they are quite useful You will also frequently use your mouse to interact with the user interface The mouse allows you to direct an on screen pointer to perform any number of activ ities The pointer usually appears as an arrow although it changes shape depending on the application The mouse is used to move the pointer to a particular place on the display screen or to point to little symbols or icons You can activate the function corresponding to the symbol by pressing clicking buttons on the mouse Using the mouse you can pick up and slide drag an image from one side of the screen to the other or change its size See Panel 3 7 The GUI The Graphical User Interface The GUI s use of graphics makes it easy for computer users to interact with their machine Personal computers used to have command driven interfaces which required that you type in complicated looking instructions such as copy a filename c p Click To execute commands move objects insert data or similar actions on screen Move mouse across desk to guide pointer to desired spot on screen The pointer assumes different shapes such as arrow hand or l beam depending on the task you re performing To select an item on
10. through the dis play screen and into the text above and below it WORD WRAP Word wrap automatically continues text to the next line when you reach the right margin That is the text wraps around to the next line You don t have to hit a carriage return key or Enter key as was neces sary with a typewriter SOME OTHER FEATURES To help you organize term papers and reports the Outline View feature puts tags on various headings to show the hierarchy of heads for example main head subhead and sub subhead Word processing software also allows you to insert footnotes that are automatically numbered and renumbered when changes are made The basics of word processing are shown in the accompanying illustration See Panel 3 23 Editing is the act of making alterations in the content of your document Some features of editing as we will discuss briefly are insert and delete undelete find and replace cut copy and paste spelling checker grammar checker and thesaurus Inserting is the act of adding to the document Simply place the cursor wherever you want to add text and start typing the existing characters will be pushed along If you want to write over replace text as you write press the Insert key before typing When youre finished typing press the Insert key again to exit Insert mode Deleting is the act of removing text usually using the Delete key or the Back space key The Undo command allows you to change your
11. eral offices at your college may need access to your records but for differ ent reasons registrar financial aid student housing and so on Any of these offices can query records locate and display records by calling them up on a computer screen for viewing and updating Thus if you move your address field will need to be corrected for all relevant offices of the college A person making a search might make the query Display the address of your name Once a record is displayed the address field can be changed Thereafter any office calling up your file will see the new address SORTING amp ANALYZING RECORDS amp APPLYING FORMULAS With database soft ware you can easily find and change the order of records in a table in other words they can be sorted in different ways arranged alphabetically numeri cally geographically or in some other order For example they can be rear ranged by state by age or by Social Security number Timeline Developments in software In addition database programs contain built in mathematical formulas so that you can analyze data This feature can be used for example to find the erade point averages for students in different majors or in different classes PUTTING SEARCH RESULTS TO USE SAVING FORMATTING PRINTING COPYING OR TRANSMITTING Once you ve queried sorted and analyzed the records and fields you can simply save them to your hard disk CD or other secondary
12. Help and Support amp More support options i Online Help v Search programs and fites pP cy CWIMDOWS System 3 cmid exe lt C gt Copyright 1985 2681 Microsoft Corp C Documents and Settings Stacey C Sawyer G Documents and Settings Stacey C Sawwer DIR Volume in drive C hat no label Volume Serial Number is BREB 7AF1 Directory of C Documents and Settings Stacey Sawyer H4 2572085 7 PA x gt F B4725720603 F PM i aha 6370172063 12 PA D java 3 61 20603 12558 PM lt DIR gt Jpi_cache H4 25 2085 PH 1 166 plugini4_f1 trace HB 23 20R9 231 PM Desktop ae 1 WS 11 35 AN 31 HKudora Ink 6872372003 Jz P lt k Favorites H 72572063 1ii 48 AHM DIR My Documents MB 25 20RS 18 AM 145 728 ntuser dat A7 17 20H3 18224 AR DIR Start Menu B22872002 9 31 PM lt DIR gt WINDOWS 4 Filets3 4 147 665 bytes 7 Diris 29 842 452 440 bytes free C Documents and Settings Stace Cc LLT and had a hard to use command driven user interface See Panel 3 12 Its initial 1982 version was designed to run on the IBM PC as PC DOS Later Microsoft licensed the same system to other computer makers as MS DOS Here we briefly describe the principal platforms used on single user stand alone computers today both desktops and laptops the Apple Macintosh OS and Microsoft Windows We discuss operating systems for networks servers and for embedded systems handheld computers and some consumer de
13. How do you go online to solve the problem of your computer not working if your computer isn t working It helps to have two computers Commercial how to books How to books are the kind of books found both in computer stores and in general book stores such as Barnes amp Noble and on Amazon com Examples are the For Dummies or Complete Idiot s books such as PCs for Dummies and The Complete Idiot s Guide to Microsoft Office Knowledgeable friends Nothing beats having a knowledge able friend your instructor a student more advanced than you or someone with a technical interest in computers We can t stress enough how important it is to get to know people from your classes from computer user groups including online Internet groups from family friends or whatever who can lend aid and expertise when your computer software or hardware gives you trouble C eow o e o Ask Dr Tech 1 888 592 8843 www AskDrTech com geeks to go Toll free 888 433 5435 www geekstogo com Geek Squad 1 800 433 5778 www geeksquad com Geeks on Call 1 800 905 GEEK www geeksoncall com Nerds On Site 1 877 696 3737 www nerdsonsite us iYogi 1 877 570 2965 www iyogi com Just Answer www justanswer com G eek itok 1 866 515 itok www itokhelp com firedog 1 877 505 3714 www firedog com 98 per year 39 per month 24 per call From 29 to about 300 depending on the problem at your location one o
14. It s a merger between human intelligence and machine intelligence that is 5 going to create something bigger than itself It s the cutting edge of evolution on our planet www edge org 3rd_culture kurzweil_singularity kurzweil_singularity_index html accessed July 1 2009 He envisions a future in which information tech nologies have advanced so far that they enable humans to transcend their biological limitations www singularity com What is singularity Will it hurt Will we hate it Will we be able to notice it Search the terms Kurzweil and Singu larity on www singularity com www kurzweilai net and other sites and see if you can explain the concept to friends within 5 minutes or so What do you think is the future of Linux Experts currently disagree about whether Linux will become a serious com petitor to Windows Research Linux on the web Which com panies are creating application software to run on Linux Which businesses are adopting Linux as an OS What are the predictions about Linux use How do you think you will obtain software for your com puter in the future Explain your answer Design your own handheld Draw what your ideal handheld would look like and draw screens of what your user interface would look like Describe the key features of your handheld cD a 2 Ga N g Chapter 3 13 What sorts of tasks do operating systems not do that you would like them to
15. Question mark eke ee icon Double click to see Help Ss dann ar mans screens Whether you know exactly what youre looking for or want to browse for what you need the Index provides you with a fast easy way to locate topics and resources tind an answer bandea Baers Cl tp Bre Lead ernie Andrean Cire bisip la Toile cl Conterio eublaahcoteg Ahat t ree Ask someone sO Wer Winager eneb damrunce ba get haip irem a treed ce etter hiig Pea g gurin ps Wh fpr bn eee dot EAT e T bhkis peminta gripi Liegrgpett Curtomer wippen ar ne a Mane puppet opia Intenmation bomn Microesatt L Fed piu leg etd Pode E Gi poor popra ei oF the eh of Andee a ipare pout iri ho G gt WX amp Ask Options Search Help P ie Fey B23 Not sure where to start How to get started with your computer Learn about Windows Basics A Adobe Acrobat X Standard Documents gt Cpanel topics B Snagit 10 Ea MP Navigator EX 4 0 Pictures Music More on the Windows website Check out the Windows website Computer i which has information FA Snagit 10 Editor downloads and ideas for doing Network eSurelT Monitor more with your PC Control Panel Window Washer Featured this month Devices and Printers m What s new in Windows 7 pse Adobe Photoshop Elements 9 Getting started with Windows 7 j Canon Solution Menu EX gt All Programs Default Programs
16. Windows title Title bar bar are some window controls three icons that repre sent Minimize Maximize and Restore Down and Close By clicking on these icons you can minimize the window i Minimize n fir A to Taskbar shrink it down to an icon at the bottom of the screen ey make the application window fill the entire desktop win Restore dow maximize or restore the application window to its Close original size restore down or close it exit the file and make the window disappear You can also use the mouse to move the window around the desktop by clicking on and dragging the title bar Finally you can create multiple windows to show programs running con currently For example one window might show the text of a paper youre Multiple windows Survival Tip Don t Trash Those Icons In Windows don t delete unwanted software programs by using the mouse to drag their icons to the recycle bin This might leave behind system files that could cause problems Instead use an uninstall utility In Windows go to Start Settings Control Panel double click Add Remove Programs Find the program you want to delete and click the Add Remove button In the Mac OS one can often but not always uninstall programs by dragging icons into the trash see the Mac user s manual Survival Tip Getting Help On Windows computers you can find the Help area by pressing the F1 key Or use the
17. ae m 8 Unbrestabhie Metals inc Lasen jean 4631 Mandy in Cal led fie Id S Major Fuets ud feldaburg lace 65 Breas Ln 10 Maor Fuels inc Burger Cave 543 Shane Way LJ Titanium Laptops Mami Deog 465 Tower Gd 12 iPhone Deven Ine Chipple Dan 1245 Patriot Or Records 13 Gnd and Worm Frangion Pete 754 Trantor Ad 1A Pls Were Us Cranston Scott 645 Cringle Ad Rows such as a LS Talk Hand td Kehoe Candy 43 Sleepy Ro 4 16 Mowe Monsters tne Ostia eatin 3704 Farmaville Axe complete address 17 Sleep Station serves Fiora 6344 Maddy Ad1I1 Cariton Ad 18 Candy Toes Inc anoo Madeline 9685 pelt Dr are called records 19 Weter Pure Lid Slepoy Coco 34272 Meve Ad New Status bar shows document details Rame eos bnw Sem The results of a database query can be printed Forms out in report form are used to enter data into tables used Most database management systems allow you to have more than one key so that you can sort records in different ways One of the keys is desig nated the primary key and must hold a unique value for each record A key field that identifies records in different tables is called a foreign key A foreign key is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key of another table Foreign keys are used to cross reference data among relational tables FINDING WHAT YOU WANT QUERYING amp DISPLAYING RECORDS The beauty of database software is that you can locate records quickly For example sev
18. contain a group of images that display very quickly to simulate movement when All new audio engine plus enhanced video and 3D support Explore new dimensions in rich multimedia authoring Adobe Director 11 5 and Adobe Shockwave Player software help you create and publish compelling interactive games demos prototypes simulations and eLearning courses for the web Mac and Windows desktops DVDs and CDs Integrate virtually any major file format including FLY and native 3D content for the greatest return on your creativity See upgrade details Allen Partridge Adobe Director evangelist discusses the exciting new features in the latest release Read more WHATS NEW CYBER SHOOY Play game Cybershock Panic Station se Experience the new demo game developed using Director 11 5 Play the game Play game GoKartGo Turbo Experience the new demo game developed using Director 11 5 Adobe Director 11 5 Y Buy US 999 dp Upgrade from US 299 Download free trial TOP FEATURES IN DIRECTOR 11 5 Supportfor more than 40 video audio and image file formats Rich audio capabilities with 5 1 channel Surround sound real time mixing and DSP filters Support for MP4 H 264 FLV and F4V video formats and video streaming Powerful 3D supportincluding Google SketchUp importer Advanced physics with NVIDIA Physx support NEXT STEPS Buy online Sales 800 585 0774 E Download free trial
19. dee Upgrade Get more leahpes with a new etibon af Wiens 7 Fra Administrative Tols wl Figa up diik ipii Defragmen y ur hara frie Create and Tarmat hand dick partite View event iogs K Scnecule tana In Windows you can access the Security Center eft via the Control Panel to control additional security features right and critically important We discuss this subject in more detail in Chapters 6 8 and 9 3 3 OTHER SYSTEM SOFTWARE Device Drivers amp Utility Programs Drivers and utility programs add functionality to your computer and help it perform better We said that the three principal parts of system software are the operating system device drivers and utility programs Let s now consider the last two Device Drivers Running Peripheral Hardware Device drivers communicate with peripherals usually input output devices Device drivers are specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system Each device s brand and model are supported by a different driver that works with only one operating system Many basic device drivers come with the sys tem software when you buy a computer and the system software will guide you through choosing and installing the necessary drivers If however you buy a new peripheral device such as a mouse a scanner or a printer the pack age will include a device driver for the device probably on a CD or DVD or down
20. depends on the power of the computer s video adapter and CPU Macromedia Director and Macromedia Authorware are two popular multime dia authoring packages Many websites as well as business training centers and educational institu tions use multimedia to develop interactive applications Web Page Design Authoring Software Software that allows you to create your own websites Web page design authoring software is used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features A few of these packages are easy enough for beginners to use Some of the best known are Adobe Dreamweaver Seamon key Adobe Flash Coffee Cup Visual Site Designer RealMac Rapid Weaver Microsoft Expression Web 4 and Dynamic HTML Editor These tools gener ate the necessary HTML coding p 69 and other newer language coding based on the user s design and content and present everything to the design in a WYSIWYG what you see is what you get form See Panel 3 33 Reall s HTML WYSIWYG Editor E5 5 only fo uge tha Free tml editor Al j F F S P l id j lt gt i ty A aa lt p gt lt font face Verdana size 2 gt Reall s HTML Editor is an online htm w SIwvG editor to use for editi our T lares lt br gt lt br gt If voit enti cages toada Fuliy you ra nor a customer of ours then please feel free to use this editor f it helps you understand and learn HTL lt font gt lt p gt lt p gt lt p gt lt p g
21. devices are expected to do music video photos DVDs home networking email and so on the more complex the interaction between the components and the harder it is to figure out what s wrong Also the proliferation of viruses worms spyware and other types of malware makes the support task more daunting Thus one of the most valu able tasks you can learn is how to deal with tech support getting technical help on the phone or online via email or websites when things don t work e See Panel 3 38 on the next page Improving Your Chances with Tech Support Here are three things that you can do in advance to improve your chances of success e Use the web to research a manufacturer s tech support before you buy If you decide to purchase or upgrade go to the manufacturer s website and look at tech support resources to see how coherent and easily accessible they are This will also give you some feel for the kinds of problems custom ers are having Also check out some online comment forums on the item you are planning to buy upgrade for example www techsupportforum com forums Another good idea is to print out some articles on tech help such as PC Magazine s Top Tips for Tech Support Success www pcmag com arti cle2 0 2817 2192075 00 asp and keep them on hand for when you can t get online for help e Call tech support before you buy Calling tech support in advance of purchasing may cost you something in lo
22. easily do recalculation Recalculation is the process of recomputing Chapter 3 id Seve Available Templates GL Save As Save as Adobe PDF G Home amp Open w close Info Recent templates Recent Print Office com Templates Save amp Send Agendas Budgets Help 2 Options A A 3 ext x x Lists Memos h Time sheets More categories Microsoft Excel worksheet templates Sample templates Calendars values either as an ongoing process as data is entered or afterward with the press of a key With this simple feature the hours of mind numbing work required to manually rework paper spreadsheets have become a thing of the past e What if analysis The recalculation feature has opened up whole new possibilities for decision making In particular what if analysis allows the user to see how changing one or more numbers changes the outcome of the calculation That is you can create a worksheet putting in formulas and numbers and then ask What would happen if we change that detail and immediately see the effect on the bottom line WORKSHEET TEMPLATES You may find that your u spreadsheet software makes worksheet templates avail able for specific tasks Work sheet templates are forms containing formats and for a a mulas custom designed for pt particular kinds of work ol a Me ee Examples are templates for calculating loan payments tracking travel expen
23. execute certain commands and to start new paragraphs in a document Commands are instructions that cause the software to perform specific actions Special purpose keys are generally used the same way regardless of the applica tion software package being used Most keyboards include the following special purpose keys Esc Ctrl Alt Del Ins Home End PgUp PgDn Num Lock and a few others For example Ctrl means Control Del means Delete Ins means Tnsert Function keys labeled F1 F2 and so on are usually positioned along the top of the keyboard They are used to execute commands spe cific to the software being used For example one application software pack age may use F6 to exit a file whereas another may use F6 to underline a word pa a 4 Enter Backspace Key Status Lights You can press Backspace These lights indicate whether to remove the character to the Num Lock or Caps Lock the left of the cursor features are on or off Delete Key Print ir Scroll r pause s You can press Delete to remove the Farata character to the right of the cursor Numeric Keypad lt When the Num Lock light is on you can use the number keys 0 through 9 to enter numbers When the Num Lock light is off you can use these keys to move the cursor around the screen To turn the light on or off press Num Lock F11 F14 ney SEY SS ES RN Arrow Keys These keys let you move t
24. have columns rows and labels e Column headings In the worksheet s frame area work area lettered column headings appear across the top A is the name of the first column B the second and so on e Row headings Numbered row headings appear down the left side 1 is the name of the first row 2 the second and so forth e Labels Labels are any descriptive text that identifies categories such as APRIL RENT or GROSS SALES Use your keyboard to type in the various headings and labels Each Micro soft Office Excel worksheet has 16 384 columns and 1 048 576 rows and each spreadsheet file workbook can technically hold up to 650 related worksheets but the computers memory RAM p 31 will not likely hold more than about 200 CELLS WHERE COLUMNS amp ROWS MEET Each worksheet has more than 17 million cells e Cells amp cell addresses A cell is the place where a row and a column intersect its position is called a cell reference or cell address For example A1 is the cell address for the top left cell where column A and row 1 intersect The column letter is always listed first e Ranges A range is a rectangular group of adjacent cells for REA info example B5 to D10 Ranges are identified by the cell references of the cells in the upper left and lower right corners of the range The two cell references used for a range are separated by a colon which tells Excel to include all the c
25. included only text Now they can also include pictures sound animation and video It s likely for instance that your personnel record in a company database will include a picture of you and even a clip of your voice If you go looking for a house to buy you can view a real estate agent s database of video clips of homes and properties without leaving the realtor s office or your own computer Today the principal microcomputer database programs are Microsoft Access and FileMaker Pro In larger systems Oracle Advantage Database Server and SQL Anywhere are major players The Basics How Databases Work The main type of microcomputer database program is the relational database Let s consider some basic features of databases HOW A RELATIONAL DATABASE IS ORGANIZED TABLES RECORDS amp FIELDS The most widely used form of database especially on PCs is the relational database in which data is organized into related tables Each table con tains rows and columns the rows are called records and the columns are called fields An example of a record is a person s address name street address city and so on An example of a field is that person s last name another field would be that person s first name a third field would be that person s street address and so on See Panel 3 28 Just as a spreadsheet program may include a workbook with several work sheets so a relational database program might include a database
26. mind and undo your last action or several previous actions and restore text that you have deleted The Find or Search command allows you to find any word phrase or num ber that exists in your document The Replace command allows you to auto matically replace it with something else Title bar Save Undo Redo Shows name of document you re working on a BE yd TA343A Microsoft Word _ os x Tabs Bp aeae ne 71 a wa Se emails AaBbCcl AaBbCi Pme Anse A da Find with grouped F romarin a Z U abe x Be gt EP Emphasis Heading1 1 Normal Strong Subtitle command options m i Name of typeface Word processing software allows you to use computers tp among other things create format edit Size of typeface Text alignment buttons Click on one to align text left centered right or full justified And you can use colors fancy typestyles to dress up your documents etalon cme J 3 Sue Ee gt c Ek o N onion 2l a D ETRS EMTT M Hyphenation mee cole Bee ES Fight o iiaae ost F Set number of eed gt __ Pagemaabroung Paragi T columns Set page color Typewriter users who wanted to move a paragraph or block of text from one place to another in a manuscript used scissors and glue to cut and paste With word processing moving text takes only a few keystrokes You select highlight with the mouse the portion of text you want to copy o
27. mouse to click on Start in the lower left screen then click on Help On the Macintosh Help is located under the main menu bar alk bos vl aha pah ikg ted Hii per oe inki an rn ia mama os i alir Gein ae nual rsaw Aaka Thai s he pr T i meii B pe E Ge Ss ee RT Ee Be ee j M he ee ee e ee ed h da i nng erst eee aha Remedi iea ie Ta maa T e e e V eea e eg e a ALUVIO di pa mo AA re re yy Fo r y a re pre fal aa E mpi ai pe eee ve re Be ee gg ep ee ee ee ry wre ee ls oe es ee e ei d Te iy a hg me et a a remi oe ee eg es ee toe te e ee age a rt me a BAAS a ie At imeracthre cen working on another might show the reference section for the paper and a third might show something you re downloading from the Internet If you have more than one window open click on the Maximize button of the win dow you want to be the main window to restore it The Help Command The Help function solves problems for you when you ve forgotten how to do something on the computer Don t understand how to do something Forgotten a command Acciden tally pressed some keys that messed up your screen layout and you want to undo it Most toolbars contain a Help command a command generating a table of contents an index and a search feature that can help you locate answers often on the web In addition many applications have context sensitive help which leads you to information about the task you re perform ing
28. move rename or delete a file the operating system manages such changes and helps you locate and gain access to it For example you can copy or duplicate files and programs from one disk to another You can back up or make a duplicate copy of the contents of a disk You can erase or remove from a disk any files or programs that are no longer useful You can rename or give new filenames to the files on a disk ORGANIZING FILES DIRECTORIES FOLDERS SUBFOLDERS amp PATHS The oper ating system s file system arranges files in a hierarchical manner first into folders also called directories and then into subfolders subdirectories See Panel 3 3 The topmost folder directory is called the root directory a folder below another folder is called a subfolder subdirectory any folder above a subfolder is called its parent folder parent directory To find a particular file in an operating system s file system you type in the file s pathname The path is the route through the file system A simple example of a pathname in Windows is C mydocuments termpaper section1 doc Microsoft Outlook 2010 Search by any or all of the criteria below pen All or part of the file name we Microsoft Word 2010 eed A Adobe Acrobat X Standard A word or phrase in the file a MP Navigator EX 4 0 Look in Local Hard Drives C w Snagit 10 O eSurell Monitor Fl Snagit 10 Editor Q Window Washer pse Adobe Photoshop Elements 9 f
29. ness Federal State Windows Mac 10 MobileMe Windows Mac The NPD Group Retail Tracking Service The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2011 w pa te q e N Survival Tip Try before You Buy Free trial versions of software are often offered as downloads from company sites The Ultimate CAD Directory This directory has information about all sorts of CAD products to suit every type of need www tenlinks com CAD are word processing spreadsheet presentation graphics database and email although other programs and utilities may also be included examples of software suites are Microsoft Office WordPerfect Office Lotus SmartSuite StarOffice OpenOffice org Google Apps and Zoho Portable Document Format PDF PDF is a multiplatform file format that allows documents to be used with any operating system Short for Portable Document Format PDF is a file format developed by Adobe Systems that preserves most attributes including text color for matting graphics layout and more of a source document no matter which application platform and hardware type was originally used to create it PDF captures information from a variety of applications on differ ent platforms making it possible to send documents and have them appear on the recipients monitor or printer as they were intended to be viewed See Panel 3 35 Originally PDF was mostly used by graphic artists designers and publish e
30. of Anoe the theme O O seiop Dackoround solution Clock nee and Region A ace AOE and Personalization ge keyboar wher input methods tase of Access Let Windows suggett vette r irsz n bptirr visual Creepol ay Type a server workgroup or network location and then type the username and password used to access it Server Workgroup 1 User name Amies Password eeseees Logon information properties This logon information will be used when you connect to the specified server If you logged an to Windows with a domain account and you have a roaming profile this information will also be used when you log on from other computers in the domain The password is usually displayed as asterisks or dots so that anyone looking over your shoulder a shoulder surfer cannot read it ye Action Center Rewiewy you commu 1a aed r a Chemn Pb rouble paman conp Arri yo i T a Windows Firewall Check firewall pana Alipwa a pigran toag Winco f B System e View amouni of BAM and moremo seed Check thee Vindo Eerie naei AGG Tele Acter See Che nime Of ihe conmpuber y Derice Marge vba Paine Tum mhm Uni on oe ot Check hor wipe hes a Power Options Regui a Datong whan ie compuler wn Changa what the Dojet buttona diky p amp Change A en ite computer tleens areas and Restore up your computer Rector filet irem backup Windows
31. programs are written for the Windows platform However programs for games and for common business uses such as word processing and spreadsheets are also widely available for the Mac Note that many Macs can work with Microsoft PC Windows applications such as Word Chapter 3 Aerial view of Microsoft s Redmond Washington main corporate campus which spreads over several square miles of the Seattle suburb Microsoft Windows Another graphical user interface In the 1980s taking its cue from the popularity of Mac s easy to use GUI Microsoft began working on Windows to make DOS more user friendly Also a proprietary system Microsoft Windows is the most common operating system for desktop and portable PCs Early attempts Windows 1 0 2 0 3 0 did not catch on However in 1992 Windows 3 X emerged as the preferred system among PC users Technically Windows 3 X wasn t a full operating sys tem it was simply a layer or shell over DOS Windows 3 X evolved into the Windows 95 operating system which was suc ceeded by Windows 98 and Windows Me for Millennium Edition Microsoft Windows XP introduced in 2001 combined elements of Windows networking software and Windows Me with a new GUI See Panel 3 15 Windows Vista was introduced to consumers in January 2007 See Panel 3 16 It is the equivalent of Windows version 12 preceded by 1 0 2 0 3 0 3 1 NT 95 NT 4 0 98 2000 ME XP So much computing p
32. screen displays only 20 22 lines of standard size text however most documents are longer than that Using the directional arrow keys or the mouse and a scroll bar located at the side of the screen users can move scroll through the display screen and into the text above and below it shareware p 151 Copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge but requires that users make a monetary contribution in order to continue using it Shareware is distributed primarily through the Internet Because it is copyrighted you cannot use it to develop your own program that would compete with the original product Why it s important Like public domain software and free ware shareware offers an inexpensive way to obtain new software software license p 150 Contract by which users agree not to make copies of software to give away or resell Why it s important Software manufacturers don t sell people software they sell them licenses to become authorized users of the software special purpose keys p 131 Keys used to enter delete and edit data and to execute commands For example the Esc for Escape key tells the computer to cancel an operation or leave escape from the current mode of operation The Enter or Return key tells the computer to execute certain commands and to start new para graphs in a document Why it s important Special purpose keys are essential to the use of software spreadsheet p
33. software The three types of user interface are command driven menu driven and graphical GUI which is now the most com mon Without user interfaces no one could operate a computer system utility programs p 130 Also known as service programs system software components that perform tasks related to the control allo cation and maintenance of computer resources Why it s important Utility programs enhance existing functions or provide services not sup plied by other system software programs Most computers come with built in utilities as part of the system software they usually include backup data recovery virus protection data compression and file defragmentation along with check scan disk and disk cleanup value p 163 A number or date entered in a spreadsheet cell Why it s important Values are the actual numbers used in the spreadsheet dollars percentages grade points temperatures or whatever web page design authoring software p 179 Software used to create web pages with sophisticated multimedia features Why word processing software p 156 Application software that allows users to use computers to format create edit print and store text material among other things Why it s important Word processing software allows users to maneuver through a document and delete insert and replace text the principal correction activities It also offers such additional features as creating editing format
34. stor age medium You can format them in different ways altering headings and typestyles You can print them out on paper as reports such as an employee list with up to date addresses and phone numbers A common use is to print out the results as names and addresses on mailing labels adhesive backed stick ers that can be run through your printer and then stuck on envelopes You can use the Copy command to copy your search results and then paste them into a paper produced on your word processor You can also cut and paste data into an email message or make the data an attachment file to an email so that it can be transmitted to someone else Personal Information Managers PIMs A PIM is software that serves as a planner notebook and address book all in one PIMs are especially popular for PDAs Many people find ready uses for specialized types of database software known as personal information managers A personal information manager PIM is software that helps you keep track of and manage information you use on a daily basis such as addresses telephone numbers appointments to do lists and miscellaneous notes Some programs feature phone dialers outliners for roughing out ideas in outline form and ticklers or reminders With a PIM you can key in notes in any way you like and then retrieve them later based on any of the words you typed Popular PIMs are Microsoft Outlook Lotus Notes Contactizer Pro and Yojimbo Microsoft Outl
35. the screen Press and quickly release left mouse button Double click Drag and drop Quickly press and release left mouse button twice To open a document or start a program To move an item on the screen Position pointer over item on screen press and hold down left mouse button while moving pointer to location in which you want to place item then release Right click Press and release right mouse button To display a shortcut list of commands such as a pop up menu of options to copy a file from an old floppy disk to a hard disk In the next version they also had menu driven interfaces in which you could use the arrow keys on your keyboard or a mouse to choose a command from a menu or a list of activities Today the computers dashboard is usually a graphical user interface GUI pronounced gooey which allows you to use a mouse or key strokes to select icons little graphic symbols and commands from menus or menu bars lists of activities The GUIs on the PC and on the Apple Macintosh which was the first easy to use personal computer avail able on a wide scale are somewhat similar Once you learn one version it s fairly easy to learn the other However the best known GUI is that of Microsoft Windows system software See Panel 3 8 next page DESKTOP ICONS amp MENUS Three features of a GUI are the desktop icons and menus e Desktop After you turn on the co
36. to know what an icon or Home Insert Page Layout References Mailings VREA graphic means A rollover feature E aaa le das VB es es also called a tooltip a small text Ja Col box explaining the icon s function ee dupina E E e eg e 2 AH Es appears when you roll the mouse clipboard i Font E astomatic Theme Colors pointer over the icon A rollover E BEESEE may also produce an animated sape liiililii e Menus Like a restaurant menu a u s f Standard Colors menu offers you a list of options to EE O2 EEE choose from in this case a list of E siceraon commands for manipulating data such E oeni as Print or Edit Menus are of several types Resembling a pull down window shade a pull down menu also called a drop down menu is a list of options that pulls down from the menu bar at the top of the screen For example if you use the mouse to click on activate a command for example File on the menu bar you will see a pull down menu offering further commands When you click the mouse on the menu bar a list of options appears or pulls down like a shade for example the color choices menu on the right cD eal 3 Ga N OutlookExpress Window s email program Microsoft Network Click here to connect to Microsoft Network MSN the company s online service My Documents Where your documents are stored unless you specify otherwise in folders you create and name Network Neighb
37. to produce financial projections and reports A person making up a spreadsheet spent long days and weekends at the office penciling tiny numbers into countless tiny rect angles When one figure changed all other numbers on the spreadsheet had to be erased and recomputed Ultimately there might be wastebaskets full of jettisoned worksheets In 1978 Daniel Bricklin was a student at the Harvard Business School One day he was staring at columns of numbers on a blackboard when he got the idea for computerizing the spreadsheet He created the first electronic spread sheet now called simply a worksheet The worksheet allows users to cre ate tables and financial schedules by entering data and formulas into rows and columns arranged as a grid on a display screen Before long the electronic spreadsheet was the most popular small business program Unfor tunately for Bricklin his version called VisiCalc was quickly surpassed by others Today the principal spreadsheet programs are Microsoft Excel Corel Quattro Pro Apple iWork Numbers and IBM s Lotus 1 2 3 These programs are used for maintaining student grade books tracking investments creating and tracking budgets calculating loan payments estimating project costs and creating other types of financial reports The Basics How Spreadsheet Programs Work Spreadsheet programs provide tools for collecting and calculating data of all types Beyond working with numerical data worksheets ca
38. tools for shaping a final document the text lay out and style for a letter for example Why it s important Templates make it very easy for users to prepare professional looking documents because most of the preparatory formatting is done title bar p 135 Bar across the very top of the display window Why it s important It shows the name of the folder the user is in toolbar p 135 Bar across the top of the display window below the menu bar It displays menus and icons representing frequently used options or commands Why it s important Toolbars make it easier to identify and execute commands Unix p 145 Proprietary multitasking operating system for multiple users that has built in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of computers Why it s important Government agen cies universities research institutions large corporations and banks all use Unix for everything from designing airplane parts to currency trad ing Unix is also used for website management The developers of the Internet built their communication system around Unix because it has the ability to keep large systems with hundreds of processors churning out transactions day in and day out for years without fail user interface p 131 User controllable graphic display screen that allows the user to communicate or interact with his or her com puter Why it s important The interface determines the ease of use of hardware and
39. vulnerable to crashes A monolithic operating system like Windows perpetuates an obsolete design said one critic We don t need to load up our machines with bloated layers we won t use Windows 7 comes in various versions e Home Premium For general PC users includes basic multimedia functions e Professional Mainly for small businesses but appropriate for the advanced home user can run XP applications Survival Tip New Installation Every time you install or reinstall Windows you will have to get Microsoft s permission to activate it You can do this over the Internet or via the phone Survival Tip OEM If you buy a computer with Windows or any other operating system already installed the OS is called an OEM original equipment manufacturer ver sion If you buy your OS off the shelf it is called a retail version These two versions are almost identical except an OEM version will install only on the specific machine for which it was intended A retail version will install on any compatible machine If you have an OEM version you have to call the computer manufacturer not the OS producer for technical support Because a retail ver sion is not specifically tailored for your particular computer Microsoft recommends that before you buy a retail version of an OS you run a compatibility check at its website http support microsoft com mo To explore Windows 7 on videos
40. when you create a Word document Word stores a temp file version of it in the Temp folder When you save this document Word saves it to the location you designated and then deletes the temp file The computer should delete temp files when a program is closed but this doesn t always happen Also files will be left in the Temp folder if the computer crashes Thus temp files can accumulate in the Temp folder and take up space system performance fell me more about Disk Defragmenter Schedule Scheduled defragmentation is turned on Run at 1 00 AM every Wednesday Next scheduled run 6 1 2011 2 01 AM S Configure schedule Current status Disk Last Run amp OS C 5 26 2011 12 17 PM 1 fragmented gt RECOVERY 5 25 2011 1 06 AM 2 fragmented Progress Only disks that can be defragmented are shown To best determine if your disks need defragmenting right now you need to first analyze your disks Note that the Mac with OS X does not use temp files in the manner of Windows OS X has its own Disk Utility feature that will take care of many of the utility functions that we have discussed Also OnyX is a freeware utility available separately for con ducting routine maintenance and tweaking the interface on the Mac Many other utilities exist such as those for transferring files back and forth between a desktop microcomputer and a lap top and for troubleshooting various types of system problems Gener
41. word processor artwork is created with drawing and painting software and photographs are input using a scanner and then modified and stored using image editing software Prefabricated art to illustrate DTP documents may be obtained from clip art sources The DTP program is used to integrate all these files You can look at your work on the display screen as one page as two facing pages in reduced size or as thumbnails Then you can see it again after it has been printed out See Panel 3 32 Apple and Windows 95 Mac OS 8 Windows 98 Adobe Windows IBM introduce is released sells 1 25 is released InDesign 2000 PCs with million copies ME is full motion video in its first two released weeks Mac System 9 0 built in wireless data transmission for small portable computers Netscape s first web browser is introduced based on Mosaic introduced in 1993 Images scanned to disk by a scanner or Input from a digital camera The files created in Steps are imported into a DTP document 5 DTP software is used to make up pages arrange page content F F a ne bhe a l b by fapt O A black and white or color printer usually a laser printer prints out the pages a EAKA M PSS 3 3 Sank Art created with Text created with drawing or painting word processing software software p BECOMING A DTP PROFESSIONAL Not everyone can be successful at desk top publishing because many com
42. your own language And if you administration you may install ton as many enhance the software The result already have files from another office computers as you dike You may make copies OpenOttice org 3 does everthing you want package OpenOffice org 2 will probably and give them away to family friends your office software to do the way you read them with no difficulty students employees anyone you like Software Installation Basics http windows microsoft com en US windows vista Install a program www installsoftware com http support apple com kb HT1148 OpenOffice Commercial Office suites are fairly expensive but there is a free alternative available for a number of different OSs OpenOffice org www openoffice org It can read most other file formats including Microsoft Office and it has most of the same features as MS Office cD a 3 Ga N To clean your printer first open the top by pressing the button on the left side near the top Swing the lid Cursor Scrolling 3 7 Word Processing Software Word processing mostly involves the creation of text documents Word processing software allows you to use computers to create edit format print and store text material among other things Word processing is the most common software application The best known word processing program is Microsoft Word but there are others such as Corel WordPerfect Apple iWork Pag
43. A wor idda VEDE pao i bim VEDE KONS Tee CU ies fies Te a Gg dy OLES i aS idm WO TA Tee CD a8 Pda DALDA ee ae tide TOGO Dao as Tides O06 IAIA Codie Peace E A L A A Help in Building Your Web Page ocal and national Internet access providers often offer web page building tools as well as space on their servers for storing your web page Other sources of information for designing and building web pages are these For Novices e Yahoo Yahoo offers web page building tools and templates under the name SiteBuilder http webhosting yahoo com ps sb index php which enables you to add music and other special effects to your web pages and have components that track how many people visit your site For a fee Yahoo offers unlimited storage for your website and will help you deter mine your URL website address e Lycos Lycos offers templates and tools and it also offers tutorials to help you get started if you want to build your own pages from scratch Lycos also offers free space in its Tripod area www tripod lycos com As with Yahoo you will have advertisements on your pages unless you pay a small fee to e Google Sites Google offers this free online tool that makes it easy for anyone to create and publish web pages in just minutes You can see what your pages will look like and you can edit your pages right in your browser Google will host your web pages on your own site a
44. Canon Solution Menu EX gt All Programs Search programs and files C refers to the hard disk the root directory mydocuments is the main or primary folder the parent folder to term paper which is a subfolder section 1 is the name of the file filename and doc is a file extension that indicates what type of file it is doc document Note that in Unix based operating systems and the Mac OS X operating system the pathnames use a forward slash instead of a backward slash Task Management The operating system is the manager of the tasks that the computer performs A computer is required to perform many dif ferent tasks at once multitasking In word processing for example it accepts input data stores the data on a disk and prints out a document seemingly simultaneously Most desktop and laptop operating systems are single user systems that can handle more than one program at the same time word processing spreadsheet database searcher Each program is displayed in a separate window on the screen Other operating sys tems multiuser systems can accommodate the needs of several different users at the same time All these examples illustrate task management A task is an operation such as storing printing or calculating MULTITASKING HANDLING MORE THAN ONE PROGRAM CONCURRENTLY Multitasking is the execution of two or more programs by one user almost a
45. National Grid for Learning Cymru as a bilingual service to schools and colleges in Wales CDW s website includes some short tutorials on desktop publishing DTP spreadsheet word processing and database management software www ngfl cymru org uk vtc home vtc ks4 home vtc ks4 ict vtc ks4 ict application_software htm Work through the tutorials Did they expand your knowl edge of these applications Do a search for application software amp tutorials What other useful tutorials did you find
46. S TASKBARS amp WINDOWS SMALL W If you want to go to a document there are three general ways to begin working from a typical Microsoft Windows GUI desktop 1 You can click on the Start button at the lower left corner and then make a selection from the pull up menu that appears 2 Or you can click on the My Computer just Computer in Windows 7 icon on the desktop and pursue the choices offered there 3 Or click on the My Documents icon a folder icon with your name under it in Windows 7 and then on the folder that contains the docu ment you want In each case the result is the same the document is displayed in the window See Panel 3 9 next page Once past the desktop which is the GUI s opening screen if you click on the My Computer icon you will encounter various bars and window func tions See Panel 3 10 p 137 e Title bar The title bar runs across the very top of the display window and shows the name of the folder you are in for example My Computer e Menu bar Below the title bar is the menu bar which shows the names of the various pull down menus available Examples of menus are File Edit View Favorites Tools and Help e Toolbar The toolbar below the menu bar displays menus and icons representing frequently used options or commands An example of an icon is the picture of two pages in an open folder with a superimposed arrow which issues a Copy to command e Taskbar I
47. T_10e cS rev_ 1S 4 1 2011 629 PM Microtoft Word 97 9864 KS a gt Recent Places UiT ie choi revi VAA gt ow Mecrosah Word 9 pse Adobe Photoihos Bements 9 uT Ioer Ises Sarati t at P Title bar Desktop icons OX My Computer Microsoft og PowerPoint Eat View avorites Tools Help V enu aly Oek BP search B Folders le a d Address E My Computer 5 My Network i Places gt Links 2 Google Customize Links Norton AntiVirus is Files Stored on This Computer A E A uM My Documents Adobe Acrobat gt Shared 5 Documents To O l b ar f gt td 7 y Se Hard Disk Drives Windows Media Player ge Local Disk C Local Disk D Get online with Paint shop Pro MSN 7 Devices with Removable Storage 8es g 314 Floppy DYD Drive E CD RW Drive DVD R Drive As Fs G Netscape 7 Ua Windows XP taskbar Jasc Paint Shop Pro My Computer ime 2 Gy 1 01 PM Desktop icons Title bar Toolbar Folders K bki t i u B E E a y i M M 1 ka a g Ea gt coroni e o O a l Orgatize Systern crogerles Uninstall or Change a program Map network rive Open Control Pane ne e A Favorites a Hard Disk Drives 1 EE Ceump o5 i Downloads n a Recem Paces Sa 55 ii fee a Devices with Removable Storage 2 IJ Ubraries Documents DVO RW Drive D 8D ROM Ome G iw is kypros WORKGROUP C knee CoreTM Duo Windows 7 taskbar In the upper right hand corner of the
48. The Windows Server networking OS comes in various versions and some of its functions are built into XP Vista and Windows 7 UNIX SOLARIS amp BSD Unix pronounced you nicks was developed at AT amp T s Bell Laboratories in 1969 as an operating system for minicomputers By the 1980s AT amp T entered into partnership with Sun Microsystems to develop a standardized version of Unix for sale to industry Today Unix is a propri etary multitasking operating system for multiple users that has built in networking capability and versions that can run on all kinds of comput ers Note it is a common misconception that Unix is open source software p 146 only a few versions of Unix like OSs are open source It is used mostly on mainframes workstations and servers rather than on microcom puters Government agencies universities research institutions large corpo rations and banks commonly use Unix for everything from designing airplane parts to currency trading Because it is particularly stable and reliable Unix is also used for website management and runs the backbone of the Internet The developers of the Internet built their communications system around Unix because it has the ability to keep large systems with hundreds of processors churning out transactions day in and day out for years without fail e Versions of Unix Sun Microsystem s Solaris is a version of Unix that is popular for handling large e commerce servers and la
49. View current processes an F Lock Screen E Logout Quit ees Ey il Thu May 13 11 43 AM M Menu za Linux is available with a command line interface or a GUI It is used on a wide range of computers and devices including mobile phones It is a leading server operating system and runs some of the fastest supercomputers in the world e Linux and China In 2000 the People s Republic of China announced China s Red Flag that it was adopting Linux as a national standard for operating systems To learamiore about hna Red because it feared being dominated by the OS of a company of a foreign Flag Software Company go to power namely Microsoft In 2005 Red Flag Software Company Ltd aires eral Hib el ol the leading developer of Linux software in China joined the Open Source http en wikipedia org wiki Development Labs a global consortium dedicated to accelerating the Red_Flag_ Linux adoption of Linux in the business world In 2007 OSDL and the Free Standards Group merged to form The Linux Foundation http osdl org en Main_Page narrowing their respective focuses to that of promoting Linux in competition with Microsoft Windows e The permutations of Linux If Linux belongs to everyone how do companies such as Red Hat Software a company that bases its business on Linux make money Their strategy is to give away the software but then sell services and support Red Hat for example makes available an inexp
50. a dot at the end of a filename that indicates what type of file it is An applications file such as a Word document and an Excel spreadsheet document is the collection of data or information that is treated as a unit by the computer as we noted earlier it is a data file Data files are given names filenames If you re using a word processing program to write a psychology term paper you might name it Psychreport In a database a file name might be AccountingPersonnel Filenames also have extensions or extension names usually three or four letters added after a period following the filename For example the doc in Psychreport doc is recognized by Microsoft Word as a document as is docx which refers to a Word 2007 or 2010 document Extensions are usually inserted automatically by the application software Three types of data files worth particular attention are graphics audio and video files e Graphics files Some important ones are bmp tiff gif jpeg and png e Audio files The ones you re most apt to encounter are mp3 wav and mid e Animation video files Common files are gt mpg wmv avi and rm The box on the next page describes these and other common types of files See Panel 3 37 Data Compression Putting More Data in Less Space Data compression methods enable devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits The vast streams of text audio and visua
51. ackages Consider the first of these which you may find particularly useful Personal finance managers let you keep track of income and expenses write checks do online banking and plan financial goals e See Panel 3 31 Such programs don t promise to make you rich but they can help you manage your money They may even get you out of trouble Popular micro computer personal finance programs include Quicken Ace Money Money dance and YNAB You Need A Budget FEATURES OF FINANCIAL SOFTWARE The principal features are these 1 TRACKING OF INCOME amp EXPENSES The programs allow you to set up various account categories for recording income and expenses including credit card expenses 2 CHECKBOOK MANAGEMENT All programs feature checkbook management with an on screen check writing form and check register that look like the ones in your checkbook Checks can be purchased to use with your computer printer Le Podge Fils Edt View Accoum Online Window ete 2 My Finances Bj z 7 Dems mede You may manually emer 100 fansacians before being required to purchase Monerdance Purchase Enter Linange fi T Bank Sccounts Cim nt Balance aiii Bani Ehachiteg Boao aavings 50 00 Reminders Lipeoriang Bans oi Saib Lui al Account Balance al ss et Allocation H o 0 00 a Curonty History al Espenes al income ail ipime and apenas adil Mot Wart Apcount Balances May 2011 vied mu Fr
52. ackages use cursors to show the current work location on the screen data files p 153 Files that contain data words numbers pictures sounds and so on Why it s important Unlike program files data files don t instruct the computer to do anything Rather data files are there to be acted on by program files Examples of common extensions in data files are txt text and xls spreadsheets Certain proprietary soft ware programs have their own extensions such as html for Hypertext Markup Language ppt for PowerPoint and mdb for Access Exten sions are three or more letters database p 165 Collection of interrelated files in a computer sys tem These computer based files are organized according to their common elements so that they can be retrieved easily Why it s important Businesses and organizations build databases to help them keep track of and manage their affairs In addition online database services put enormous resources at the user s disposal database software p 166 Also called database manager or data base management system DBMS application software that sets up and controls the structure of a database and access to the data Why it s important Database software allows users to organize and manage huge amounts of data default settings p 160 Settings automatically used by a program unless the user specifies otherwise thereby overriding them Why it s important Users need to know how t
53. al networking and media activities http workawesome com software social media management www vivalogo com vl resources open source social networking software htm www web strategist com blog 2010 03 19 list of social media management systems smms www crowdcontrolhq com social media management software La E faari benpde ren tides j O Phase 1 saning E Fagner Daa kapy peerage ea art ra Chari Haser WASE 1 COHETE Paes 2 Daralopmsal DU hrenin CORT erpinpram Cel Creed Fegan Cesare MALE FOOMITETE ii E Phase 1 0A GUI T emg a CORE Tairg DE Taring 44004 Bampa Tanig PASE J CoML E Phara 4 Implementation teres bere al Chater LaTe Deed Tee Ameo el 2 eta O Eip Oe We Er i Tym PRE yra wot Website design can include much more than text for example animation video sound inter activity search engine functions But before creating a website the designer must first plan exactly what is needed in the website define the audience as well as the purpose and the content Once a website is com pleted it must be uploaded published in order to be available to Internet users via a browser Some people with powerful personal computers and an always on Internet connection such as cable leave their websites on their own computers the website is accessed by users typing in the site s URL web address Chapter 2 p 66 in their browsers Most peopl
54. ally the companies selling utilities do not manufacture the operating system OS developers usually eventually incorporate the features of a proven utility as part of their product Note Independent or external utilities must be compatible with your system software check the software packaging and user documentation Survival Tip Temp File Removal In Windows to remove tempo rary and unnecessary files from your hard drive Click Start All Programs Accessories System Tools and Disk Cleanup Put checks in the boxes next to the types of file you want to delete and click OK 3 2 WB Ax options Search Help p Improve performance by defragmenting your hard disk Q Windows Help and Support V amp Fragmentation makes your hard disk do extra work that can slow down your computer Removable storage devices such as USB flash drives can also become fragmented Disk Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more efficiently Disk Defragmenter runs on a schedule but you can also analyze and defragment your disks and drives manually To do this follow these steps Go to the Windows website to watch the video 1 03 To defragment your hard disk 1 Click to open Disk Defragmenter 2 Under Current status select the disk you want to defragment 3 To determine if the disk needs to be defragmented or not click Analyze disk If you re prompted for an administrator pas
55. ams or get them free See Panel 3 21 Let s consider these categories COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Commercial software also called proprietary soft ware or packaged software is software that s offered for sale such as Microsoft Word Microsoft Office or Adobe PhotoShop Although some such software Types Definition Commercial software Copyrighted If you don t pay for it you can be prosecuted Public domain Not copyrighted You can copy it for free without fear of software prosecution Shareware Copyrighted Available free but you should pay to continue using it Freeware Copyrighted Available free Rentalware Copyrighted Lease for a fee we 8 enclosed software is subject to the license agreement included on this CD ROM You must read and agree to these terms and conditions before using the software Any other use copying or distribution of the soft Part of a software license For information on public domain software and where to obtain it go to www gnu org philosophy categories html www webcrawler com webcrawler301 ws results web public domain software 1 417 topnavigation relevance iq true zoom off _ iceurlflag 7 _iceurl true amp gclid ckik1ifjspscfrwdago dtafvpa may have been preinstalled on your new PC and may not show up on the bill of sale when you buy it you ve paid for it as part of the purchase And most likely whenever you order a new game or other
56. arge graphic sound and video files data com pression is necessary both to reduce the storage space required and to reduce the time required to trans mit such large files over a network As the use of sophisti cated multimedia becomes common compression and decompression are being increasingly taken over by built in hardware boards that specialize in this pro cess That will leave the main processor free to work on other things and compression decompres sion software utilities will become obsolete File Defragmentation Over time as you delete old files from your hard disk and add new ones something happens the files become fragmented Fragmentation is the scattering of por tions of files about the disk in nonadjacent areas thus greatly slowing access to the files When a hard disk is new the operating system puts files on the disk contigu ously next to one another More on Utilities For some unusual utilities go to NimiVisuals www mynimi net Piriform www piriform com defraggler FileAlyzer www safer networking org en filealyzer Edgeless www fxc btinternet co uk assistive htm Fences www stardock com products fences PCWorld www pcworld com downloads file fid 114526 order 4 description html File Guru www fileguru com DetectSatan info FreeOTFE www freeotfe org DoubleKiller www bigbangenterprises de en doublekiller JPEGsnoop www impulseadventure com phot
57. as well as downloaded from the Internet Documentation may be instructional but features and func tions are usually grouped by category for reference purposes For example in word processing documentation all features related to printing are grouped together so that you can easily look them up A Few Facts about Files amp the Usefulness of Importing amp Exporting Program files contain software instructions that process data data files contain the data that program files use There are several types of data files three common ones are document spreadsheet and database files and you will often have to import and export them Before we discuss some of the commonly used application software types we need to briefly discuss file types A bit more detail is given at the end of the chapter in Section 3 11 There is only one reason for having application software to take raw data and manipulate it into useful files of information A file as we said earlier is 1 a program program file p 124 that exists in a computer s secondary storage such as hard disk flash drive or CD DVD or 2 a named collection of data data file Program files are files containing excutable software instructions Examples are word processing or spreadsheet programs which are made up of several different program files The two most important are source program files and executable files Source program files contain high level computer instruc
58. borders or other decorative lines shading tables and hold down Ctrl and press F6 To footnotes You can even import graphics or drawings from files in other display several documents at software programs including clip art collections of ready made pictures h Wi e e e ice eco ie yuo en and illustrations available online or on CDs DVDs 2003 or the View tab 2007 2010 and select Arrange All You can cut and paste text from one Note that word processing programs and indeed most forms of applica document to another tion software come from the manufacturer with default settings Default settings are the settings automatically used by a program unless the user specifies otherwise thereby overriding them Thus for example a word processing program may automatically prepare a document single spaced left justified with 1 inch right and left iW 9 O Ps Add Ins margins unless you alter these default Home Insert Page Layout References Mailings Review Acrobat E i gt Gy Research Translation ScreenTip AJ Delete ae Final Showing Markup Hint 3 settings I SS Thesaurus amp Set Language P aF Previous E Show Markup X Most word processing software gives you several options for printing For example you can print several cop ies of a document You can print indi vidual pages or a range of pages You can even preview a document before printing it out Previewing print pre viewing means viewing a do
59. cator 2007 Outlook 2007 Excel 2007 PowerPoint 2007 Live Meeting 2007 Project 2007 Office 2003 online training Access 2005 OneNote 2003 i 2 Tutorials amp Documentation NSELE AET T Application software documentation is the nge same as a user s manual tutorials often on Word 2010 e e e video take you through practice learning sessions Publisher 2007 How are you going to learn a given software pro SharePoint Server 2007 P acta ane gram Most commercial packages come with Word 2007 tutorials and documentation TUTORIALS A tutorial is an instruction book or Publisher 2003 program that helps you learn to use the product Excel 2003 Outlook 2005 Visio 20035 gt FrontPage 2003 PowerPoint 2003 Word 2003 by taking you through a prescribed series of steps InfoPath 2003 Project 2003 For instance our publisher offers several how to books that enable you to learn different kinds of Tutorial Microsoft Office training for versions 2010 2007 and 2003 software Tutorials may also be included in the For information on new and unusual software applications and where to obtain them go to www appscout com about_appscout software package DOCUMENTATION Documentation is all information that describes a product to users including a user guide or reference manual that provides a narra tive and graphical description of a program Although documentation may be print based today it is usually available on CD
60. cess with its online App Store offering more than 350 000 downloadable applications apps for the iPhone iPad and iPod and more than 1 000 applications for the Mac computer Other stores offering downloadable applications are BlackBerry App World Google Android Market Palm OS Apps Store and Microsoft s Windows Phone PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE Public domain software is not protected by copyright and thus may be duplicated by anyone at will Public domain pro erams sometimes developed by government agencies or universities have been donated to the public by their creators They are often available through sites on the Internet You can download and duplicate public domain software without fear of legal prosecution SHAREWARE Shareware is copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge but users are required to make a monetary contribution or pay a registration fee to continue using it in other words you can try it before you buy it Once you pay the fee you usually get supporting docu mentation access to updated versions and perhaps some technical support Shareware is distributed primarily through the Internet but because it is copyrighted you cannot use it to develop your own program that would com pete with the original product If you copy shareware and pass it along to friends they are expected to pay the registration fee also if they choose to use the software FREEWARE Freeware is copyrighted softwa
61. cintosh Such files may use the txt for text extension Web files Files carried over World Wide Web Extensions include html htm xml and asp active server page Desktop publishing files Include PostScript commands which instruct a Post Script printer how to print a file and use eps encapsulated PostScript Drivers Software drivers often have the extension drv Windows operating system files Files such as Autoexec bat and Config sys relate to OS setup PDF Portable Document Format files Files that use Adobe Acrobat s format for all types of document exchange as well as for publishing documents on the web that are downloaded and read independently of the HTML pages These files use the extension pdf Editable PDF files are created with Adobe s Acrobat software Acrobat can convert a wide variety of document types on Windows Mac and Unix to PDF format our screen flashes Fatal Error Your new software upgrade totals your printer You can t connect to your Internet access provider No wonder one online survey found that nearly 20 of the respondents admitted they d dropped a com puter on the floor out of anger Because of the complicated mesh of elements software hardware communications people Murphy s Law If anything can go wrong it will seems to apply in computing as almost nowhere else Information technology is becoming more complex The more personal computers and other infotech
62. collection of data in a computer system In its more specific sense a database is a col lection of interrelated files in a computer system These computer based files are organized according to their common elements so that they can be retrieved easily Sometimes called a database manager or database management system DBMS database software is a program that sets up and controls the structure of a database and access to the data The Benefits of Database Software The correct set up and use of databases can improve the reliability of data When data is stored in separate files the same data will be repeated in many files In the old days each college administrative office registrar financial aid housing and so on might have a separate file on you Thus there was redundancy your address for example was repeated over and over This means that when you changed addresses all the college s files on you had to be updated separately Thus database software has two advantages INTEGRATION With database software the data is not in separate files Rather it is integrated Thus your address need only be listed once and all the sepa rate administrative offices will have access to the same information INTEGRITY For that reason information in databases is considered to have more integrity That is the information is more likely to be accurate and up to date Databases are a lot more interesting than they used to be Once they
63. com od referencematerials a freesoftware htm www sciencedaily com articles c computer_ animation htm http entertainment howstuffworks com computer animation htm www edb utexas edu minliu multimedia Computer 20 Animation pdf Animation Software For schools offering training Animation is usually a part of multimedia presentations meopta apie including animation check out Animation is the simulation illusion of movement created by displaying soapaen anin ckodl a series of still pictures or frames very quickly in sequence Computer com googleanimation animation refers to the creation of moving images by means of a computer y amp got 3d_animation_ Whereas video devices record continuous motion and break it up into discrete maning Stee frames animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to Microsoft Gif Animator Monday Januar 10 2011 35 4 Software as Add a comment Microsoft Gif Animator is a free and recommended gif animation creator r Wociosoll GIF Animator SE yeb link gil BEC x HE ale a Oplians Araian image 4 Animation Whitt E 4 imag Court kei F Looping Repeat Count a 4 l Repeal Foiea MICROSOFT GIF ANIMATOR Microsoft Gif Animator was released by Microsoft long back but still it is popular as it works on all the popular versions of Windows and no installation is required simply s
64. commercial program youll have to pay for it This software is copyrighted A copyright is the exclusive legal right that prohibits copying of intellectual property without the permis sion of the copyright holder Software manufacturers don t sell you their software rather they sell you a license to become an authorized user of it What s the difference In paying for a software license you sign a contract in which you agree not to make copies of the software to give away or resell That is you have bought only the company s permission to use the software and not the software itself This legal nicety allows the company to retain its rights to the program and limits the way its customers can use it The small print in the licensing agreement usually allows you to make one copy backup copy or archival copy for your own use Each software company has a different license there is no industry standard Several types of software licenses exist Site licenses allow the software to be used on all computers at a specific location Concurrent use licenses allow a certain number of copies of the software to be used at the same time A multiple user license specifies the number of people who may use the software A single user license limits software use to one user at a time Most personal computer software licenses allow you to run the program on only one to three personal machines and make copies of the software only for per
65. compress the data included with the installer immediately before writing the information to your hard drive Software updates which are typically downloaded from the Internet work the same way When you run the update the installer file decompresses the data and then updates the correct program Installing software is usually a simple process It involves double clicking an installer icon and then clicking I Agree when the license agreement dis plays You may have to choose what directory on your hard disk you would like to install the software in but often the installer will choose that for you A clean install is a software installation in which any previous version is erased The alternative to a clean install is an upgrade in which elements of the previous version remain and new elements are added An upgrade is typically less expensive but because some elements of the earlier version remain any existing problems may remain as well and new compatibility related issues may arise A clean install should make the computer s software run like new We now consider the three most important types of productivity software word processing spreadsheet and database software including personal information managers We then discuss more specialized software presen tation graphics financial desktop publishing drawing and painting project management computer aided design web page design image video audio editing and animation softwar
66. ctures Well known presentation graphics packages include Microsoft PowerPoint Corel Presentations Harvard Graphics and Presentation Graphics SDK See Panel 3 30 Companies such as Presentation Load www presentation load de powerpoint templates 2cur 1 amp force_sid jv03 6tse7rr9ki9abevf436qj4 specialize in professional templates for sophisticated business presentations Just as word processing programs offer templates for faxes business let ters and the like presentation graphics programs offer templates to help you organize your presentation whether it s for a roomful of people or over the Internet Templates are of two types design and content e Design templates These offer formats layouts background patterns and color schemes that can apply to general forms of content material e Content templates These offer formats for specific subjects For instance PowerPoint offers templates for Selling Your Ideas Facilitating a Meeting and Motivating a Team DRESSING UP YOUR PRESENTATION Presentation software makes it easy to dress up each visual page slide with artwork by pulling in dragging and drop ping clip art from other sources Although presentations may make use of some 1969 1971 First programmable A graphical user interface GUI Unix is developed Microprocessor electronic computer is a main theme of Jeff Raskin and released by chips come into in United States ENIAC who later b
67. cument on screen to see what it will look like in printed form before its printed Whole pages are displayed in reduced size Spelling amp New Grammar ay Translate ted Word Count Comment in Next Proofing Comments x Accept ip Reviewing Pane Tracking DB Desktop my Documents NewImages My Computer Bur my Network Places AuCxforRevPP Davidson DavidThomas 0T_au 07 final C0Tfront_matter 0TmsTocomP 0TpdfProofs1 0 Tprfs1ToComp 0TrevisedPP ForensicArch LaFermeCookingBook You can also send your document QL CPdesign off to someone else by fax or email attachment if your computer has the appropriate communications link Of course you must also be able to save your work Saving means stor ing or preserving a document as an electronic file permanently on your hard disk a CD or online You need only retrieve the document from storage and make the changes you want Then you can print it out or save it again or email it Always save your documents often while you are working don t wait Most word processing programs allow you to automatically format your docu ments into HTML p 179 so that they can be used on the web To do this in Microsoft Word open File Save As Save As Type Web page htm html Word processing pro grams also have track ing features What if you have written an impor tant document and have asked other people to
68. curity Review your computer s status Sack up your compute Pend and fix problems Network and mammat View network status and tasks Choose homegroup and shanng Options Hardware and Sound j sy View devices and primers Ada a device Programs le iinstall a prorat plays a music CD How does the computer handle both pro grams at once The answer is that the operating system directs the processor s to spend a predeter mined amount of time executing the instructions for each program one at a time Thus a small part of the first program is processed and then a processor moves to the remaining programs one at a time processing small parts of each The cycle is repeated until processing is complete Because the processors are usually very fast it may appear that all the programs are being exe cuted at the same time However the processors are still executing only one instruction at a time Security Management File Options View Help Applications Processes Services Performance Networking Users Image Name User Name CPU Memory Private We frefox exe itsupport 00 mpy OUTLOOK EXE itsupport o0 3 explorer exe itsupport 00 2 OcsSystray exe itsupport 00 plugin container exe itsupport 00 SweetIM exe itsupport 00 taskhost exe itsupport 00 taskmar exe itsupport 01 PicaSessionMar exe SYSTEM 00 SmcGui exe itsupport og winlogon exe SYSTEM o0 VDARedirector exe i
69. d Support EF Bur Shut Down start Start button Click for an easy way to start using the computer Windows XP Home Edition 5 Sunset jpg Paint EA Elegant Memo rtf QuickTime State Ba Adobe Acrobat OutlookE xpress Window s email program Computer Gives you a quick overview of launch programs call up documents change system settings get help and shut down Documents Multitasking capabilities The opening all the files and programs on your PC as well as allow users to smoothly run more than screen is the available drives A C D E one program at once Menu bar Title bar Minimize Maximize Close R i ik oy im J Document WordPad Vi L Clipboard Image Tools Shapes Size Colors 7 z 7 7 7 7 E Calibri A Giay P A aE 4S v 11 7 Clipboard nit aia a Paragraph Insert Editing Play Burn Sync jli wwwiwindowsmedia con Stream Create playlist w N ndo lia com Organize Y hom i Si 2 9 yi r Windows Media Guide a E Library ie edes Ben le Playlists Home Music Movies TV Games Radio Visual Search Rae h y 4 JI Music arch amp Development G9 Artist d r America Inc gt Album l Genre Basten C aea E Videos gn Center California Pict Pictures a i er coe 7 M Recorded TV Start button Click for easy n y to start using t
70. d certificate graphic_ design html http webdesign about com od jobs p aa031703a htm http jobsearchtech about com od careerplanning I aa070201 htm s Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended home psd 100 Layer 1 RGB 8 Bs File Edit Image Layer Select Filter Analysis wiew Window Help ra i ey e 6 7 Feather 0 px E quo ow on a sheif near you at ce stores drug stores enters super markets and markets across the U S Jur zip code to find out where take a swig Pe Mp reeg Loy ter Zip Code GET antin RIS HAD Internet access providers also offer some free easy to use web authoring tools for build ing simple websites They help you create web pages using icons and menus to automate the process you don t need to know hypertext markup language to get the job done These automated tools let you select a prepared tem plate web page design type a few words add a picture or two and youre done To save the pages and make them accessible on the Inter net the provider grants you a certain amount of space on its web servers Style Normal Wii 2 9 10 i2 Upcoming Event R FIRS ANNUAL aguo thon May 26u Whistler BHOS Combia LAUNCH RITE ta i S Inserting an Adobe Photoshop photo file into a Dreamweaver web page that is being designed Social Media Management Software There is also software for manag ing your soci
71. do If you were in the market for a new microcomputer today what application software would you want to use on it Why What are some dream applications that you would like that have not yet been developed Several websites include libraries of shareware programs Visit the www 5star shareware com site and identify three shareware programs that interest you State the name of each program the operating system it runs on and its capa bilities Also describe the contribution you must make to receive technical support What about freeware Check out www freewarehome com What is your opinion of downloading free music from the web to play on your own computer and or CDs Much atten tion has been given lately to music downloading and copy right infringement Research this topic in library magazines and newspapers or on the Internet and take a position ina short report How do you think you could use desktop publishing at home For personal items Family occasions Holidays What else What hardware and software would you have to buy Think of three new ways that software companies could pre vent people from pirating their software What is your favorite application software program of all Why Did your computer come with a Windows Startup disk and have you misplaced it If your computer crashes you ll need this disk to reinstall the operating system To learn the benefits of having a Startup disk visit www microsof
72. dows Mobile Leopard 3 D user released available interface w Pa q io N D Chapter 3 There are two types of computer art programs also called illustration software drawing and painting h h h d d d nh NUO A OONO OO NOUO AOO DRAWING PROGRAMS A drawing program is graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products Some drawing programs are CorelDRAW Adobe Illustrator and SmartDraw Drawing programs create vector images images created from geometrical formulas Almost all sophisticated graphics programs use vector graphics PAINTING PROGRAMS Painting programs are graphics programs that allow users to simulate painting on screen A mouse or a tablet stylus is used to simu late a paintbrush The program allows you to select brush sizes as well as col ors from a color palette Examples of painting programs are Adobe PhotoShop Microsoft Digital Image Pro Corel Photopaint and JASC s PaintShop Pro Painting programs produce bit mapped images or raster images made up of little dots Painting software is also called image editing software because it allows you to retouch photographs adjust the contrast and the colors and add special effects such as shadows 0123456 78 910111213141516 Vector image OO OOO0OO DOOOOOOOO OO OOO OOO OOOOOOOO OO OOO OOOO OOOO0OOO
73. e OpenOffice org Why Great 5ofiware Easy to use and its free a OpenOffice org 3 is the leading open source office Wa re See Software suite for word processing spreadsheets io ea ate s S presentations graphics databases and more Itis available in Ee ae n i many languages and works on all common computers It stores ree all your data in an intemational open standard format and can also read and write files from other common office software packages It can be downloaded and used completely free of charge for any purpose Get OpenOffice org 3 now Businesses M Businesses FOSS advocates Education Governments Not for profits Great software Easy to use and it s free OpenOffice org 3 E the result of over OpenOffice org 3 is easy to learn and if Best of all OpenOffice org 3 can be twenty years software engineering youre already using another office software downloaded and used entirely free of any Designed fromthe start as a single piece of package you ll take to OpenOffice org 3 licence fees OpenOffice org 3 is released software thas a consistency other straight away Dur world wide native under the LGPL licence This means you may products cannot match A completely open language community means that use it for any purpose domestic development process means that anyone OpenOffice org 3 is probably available and commercial educational public can report bugs request new features or supported in
74. e however use ftp software covered shortly to upload their website files to a server host where for a fee the website is stored for access Complicated business websites are created and maintained by professional website developers oo Project Management Software Software can be very helpful in managing large projects As we have seen a personal information manager PIM can help you schedule your appointments and do some planning That is it can help you manage your own life But what if you need to manage the lives of others in order to accomplish a full blown project such as steering a political campaign or handling a nationwide road tour for a band Strictly defined a project is a one time operation involving several tasks and multiple resources that must be organized toward completing a specific goal within a given period of time The project can be small such as an advertising campaign for an in house advertis ing department or large such as construction of an office tower or a jetliner Project management software is a program used to plan and sched ule the people costs and resources required to complete a project on time See Panel 3 34 For instance the associate producer on a feature Tds Se SS Coeds ey HON ide VES MS Codie O Jis 2 PS Coli ee dm SES Ses oi ide VNA Wama mija Hisa VILS DIFA Drei es HE amp ipdan MILDE PIVA e e Bed idm Vim VOT Drama Di Woi Dis 10 WI De Pe OR Odes 107 70 OTI
75. e Change to make the suggested correction pa J ustification Left justified Justified Centered Right justified w a E q 2 N ly Where do I find templates Need to find a template on your computer Templaies ane fies designed b pe adain chip ard prifedeatrial bociing daiman Al lhe formating s Coie po del wheal you wee io Ee Erarmpiti are Negus miaii aml tie Your fice appie ains cont wilh Geer al bomplales biy aa Ti locate hen usa Gre birar nsii 1 keel the File lab ane than sieti Mew 2 Ad ihe terpiates cureniy installed on our computer wall he listed under Available Templates J Hgh tha template you Ward io usp ord cick Creede A ran file wi open in the ternplte you ve selected HOTE To cced a iornpiais that pou hava crewied or downloaded to your computer solect My Tp erd en Chega yow lempas irom ine Personal Templates ramio Want to find and download a new template Do you wari ip cheni a resume budget fan cover sheet preseniaiion or mision To g ree lempimes for ihesa ened other areas goto jha Tarmpisies homa pagr on Oiicp com You caise thepe free iernplates of modiy hamn bo match what pou need in crans You can aio downioed these lemplaies trom valle your Oca pasgan by feliceng Siep tie pous section Under Offfes cam Templstes you con search the onines tereplaie ibrary or select terpgdaie hype fer the si to fier pour Sererch aed diankad he eae aeiy tu Our COmpiREr Have a tem
76. e display screen that contract by which you agree not to make copies of the allows you to communicate or interact with your computer software to give away or resell 10 Disk scanner and disk cleanup utilities detect and correct 21 Records in a database are sorted according to a n certain types of common problems on hard disks such as removing unnecessary files called filesthat are 22 involves mixing text and graphics to produce created by Windows only for short tasks and system restore high quality output for commercial printing after system problems re NG allows users to create tables and do what 11 OSs allow users to control access to their computers via use if financial analyses by entering data and formulas into rows 3 of a n and a n and columns arranged as a grid on a display screen 12 Software or hardware that is means that it is 24 automatically continues text to the next line privately owned and controlled by a company when you reach the right margin Chapter 3 5 26 2a 28 29 Settings that are automatically used by a program unless the user specifies otherwise are called S software is not protected by copyright and may be copied by anyone S are specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system The format allows documents to be sent to almost any platform and be opened without losing any of their characteristics
77. ecame an Apple Bell Laboratories use floppy disk Macintosh team leader handheld introduced for calculator storing data Tabs with command groups Outline View helps you organize the content of your material in standard Outline form eet iS Fe ee ee ee ee ee ee ip 4 y oon elie tia A ESSE imosi aang oe s tid wo i Te Oe prepared PIE OA EN phy DA EM Ae N Be apote sod portre pemipent gt eee P 4 ermal ee of voca and wan Be prace gt Turn 2 amh on Gow aw seer amp yor te P C Click lo add notes Sone 5 gg ere Acne lt mh an tte ans Bete Set T ree kaai eee Gee itp md eet of carret on bl AD eeeegqeeeets ore ported m De pida and Be cian Web ote Uw an Academe Planer beep ug wih projecta 0 if Er Wai Ceres fete maa Slide View shows you what a single slide looks like Slide Sorter View displays all the slides as miniatures Ak eA Taas ee ee ee re sees ee e ee Notes Page View shows a small version of the slide plus the notes you will be using as speaker notes Cae 8 ee aan IH ee s a aa ee We basic analytical graphics bar line and pie charts they generally use much more sophisticated elements For instance they may display different textures speckled solid cross hatched color and three dimensionality In addition you can add sound clips special visual eff
78. ects such as blinking text animation and Apple computer first personal computer sold in assembled form Bill Gates and Paul Allen start Microsoft in Albuquerque N M move to Seattle in 1979 first microcomputer MITS Altair 8800 Xerox PARC develops an experimental PC that uses a mouse and a GUI pa Apple Il s floppy disk drive leads to writing of many software programs Adding Clip Art For information on adding clip art to presentation slides check out www thinkoutsidetheslide com articles using_clip_art_ photo htm www clipartpress com 43 http presentationsoft about com od nextstepsinpowerpoint ss add_pics htm http webclipart about com library weekly bluse htm www ideabook com tutorials illustrations how_to_choose_and_use__ clip_art html For information on obtaining clip art go to www clipartinc com http dir yahoo com Computers_and_Internet Graphics Clip_art http office microsoft com en us images a pa video clips You can in fact drag and drop art and other enhancements into desktop publishing word processing or other standard PC applications Financial Software Financial software can help you with regular budgets and bill paying as well as taxes and financial planning Financial software is a growing category that ranges from personal finance managers to entry level accounting programs to business financial management p
79. edit it Word processing software allows editing changes to be tracked by highlighting them underlining additions and crossing out deletions Each person working on the document can choose a different color so that you can tell who s done what and when An edited document can be printed out showing all the changes as well as a list of comments keyed to the text by numbers Or it can be printed out clean showing the edited text in its new form without the changes File name Save as type Artdet Web Page Page title Saving a document as a web page in Word 2007 disciples These are discussed particularly in light of the use of aboriginal collections ae Comment SCS1 20 developments in the discipline such as advances in education and training are briefly discussed and the roules of various forensic societies and associations in the __ 7 Formatted Font Italic anthropologists is outlineds along with examples of court cases in whichwhere forensic anthropologists acted as expert witnesses Forensic anthropology is semetimes comprised efcomprises many different points Tracking in Word 2010 Spreadsheet Programs A spreadsheet program uses rectangular grids for laying out linked usually financial data in a very organized fashion What is a spreadsheet Traditionally it was simply a grid of rows and col umns printed on special light green paper that was used
80. elect the picture and that s it Microsoft Gif Animator provides a very easy to use freeware To create GIF animation you need to select all the images that you want in your animation and arrange them in the required order simple Microsoft Gif Animator will create GIF animation for you sq GIF Construction Set Professional File Edit Block Window Help Sopercent x gma t SOKO WX w a Progpam File 1 HEADER GIFS oy 1 HEADER 2 IMAGE 3 IMAGE 4 IMAGE 5 IMAGE 6 IMAGE 7 IMAGE 6 oe es k R i x 8 IMAGE 3 C graphics advert106 gif 2IMAGE 406 x60 256 oxlore fy MEDIEVAL RADIO srs PB i wraphics hu Al 6 IMAGE 120 Z IMAGE 120 dy 8 IMAGE 120x t 9 IMAGE 12 IMAGE Tr Pa 10 IMAGE One block selected Multimedia authoring software Ly Adobe Director 11 5 14 IMAGE 15 IMAGE 10 IMAGE 11 IMAGE T 13 IMAGE Screen from a GIF animation program C CAppaphics automobiles Irans 9 IMAGE form the illusion of continuous motion Animation is one of the chief ingredi ents of multimedia presentations and is commonly used on web pages There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display on a computer monitor The first type of animation to catch on for web use was called GIF for Graph ics Interchange Format animation and it is still very popular today GIF files
81. ells between these start and end points B5 D10 For a start on how to set upa worksheet try How to Plan Worksheets e Values A number or date entered in a cell is called a value The values http spreadsheets about are the actual numbers used in the spreadsheet dollars percentages een aan eee grade points temperatures or whatever Headings labels and formulas data htm also go into cells e Cell pointer A cell pointer or spreadsheet cursor indicates where data is to be entered The cell pointer can be moved around like a cursor ina word processing program FORMULAS FUNCTIONS RECALCULATION amp WHAT IF ANALYSIS Why has the spreadsheet program become so popular The reasons lie in the features known as formulas functions recalculation and what if analysis e Formulas Formulas are instructions for calculations they define how one cell relates to other cells For example a formula might be SUM A5 A15 or SUM A5 A15 meaning Sum that is add all the numbers in the cells with cell addresses A5 through A15 e Functions Functions are built in formulas that perform common calculations For instance a function might average a range of numbers or round off a number to two decimal places Recalculation After the values have been entered into the worksheet the formulas and functions can be used to calculate outcomes However what was revolutionary about the electronic spreadsheet was its ability to
82. ensive application software package that offers word processing spreadsheets email support and the like for users of its PC OS version It also offers more powerful versions of its Linux OS for small and medium size businesses along with applications networking capabilities and support services e Google Chrome and Android In late 2008 Google launched its Chrome Internet browser Based on Linux this browser is intended for people who do most of their computer activities on the web However most of the operating systems that computers run on were designed in an era when there was no web so in July 2009 Google introduced the Chrome OS Chrome This operating system is a lightweight open source Linux based system For a video on how Google with a new windowing arrangement that has initially been targeted at Chrome OS works go to netbooks The user interface is minimal and Internet connection is fast www youtube com and secure As with Chrome this OS has been created for people who watch v 0QRO3gKj3qw spend most of their computer time on the web Chrome does not support Microsoft Office which will limit its usability in business educational and professional environments but it does support OpenOffice Google email Google Docs and cloud computing Also Google has developed the Linux based Android OS for mobile phones and netbooks e Ubuntu amp Debian Dell Computers offers a Linux based operating system Ubuntu the Zulu wo
83. eo P format m fort SSse ESS 9gO AmA n o Reals HTML Editor is an online htm WYSIWYG editor to use for editing our tamplates If you re not a customer of ours then please feel free to use this editor if it helps you understand and learn HTML To start using our Editor you need to highlight all of the text here and then delete it At the moment you are wewmng this html in WYSIWYG mode If you have a template of ours simply delete this and then in code view paste your template To see how it looks toggle back to the WYSIWYG mode To see your template in html view you need to find and push the lt gt icon button above bottom row nght hand side to see your html source code Web Authoring This site offers a lot of informa tion on web authoring tools http webdesign about com od htmleditors HTML _ Editors_Web_Page_ Authoring_Tools htm For some basic steps of web design go to www grantasticdesigns com 5rules html www chromaticsites com blog 12 steps to creating a professional web design www rcaguilar com html design htm http ezinearticles com Basic Steps For Website Design amp id 5462320 For information on becoming a professional website designer try www wikihow com Become a Professional Web Designer and Programmer http designeducation allgraphicdesign com http websitetips com business education www tuj ac jp newsite main cont e
84. er WC count characters words and lines in a file head show first few lines of a file tail show last few lines of a file find find files that match certain criteria LINUX It began in 1991 when programmer Linus Torvalds a graduate student in Finland posted his free Linux operating system on the Internet Linux pro nounced linn uks is the rising star of network software Linux is a free nonproprietary version of Unix and its continual improvements result from the efforts of tens of thousands of volunteer programmers See Panel 3 19 Whereas Windows Server is Microsoft s proprietary product Linux is open source software meaning any programmer can download it from the Internet for free and modify it with suggested improvements The only qualification is that changes can t be copyrighted they must be made available to all and remain in the public domain o Chapter 3 Places Applications Computer Favorites All applications Ed Home Folder Web Browser Mail Client Network Firefox Web Browser Mozilla Thunderbird Mail gt Internet Messenger Music Player E Des a wis Re Pidgin Internet Messenger Rhythmbox Trash Calculator a Text Editor System Si Perform arithmetic scient L gedit Software Manager b Terminal Sound Use the command line Change sound volume and E Package Manager Control Center m Monitors by System Monitor E Terminal Change resolution and pos
85. eries How to create actions video 4 59 Using SharePoint with Acrobat X video 3 45 How to track your review in Acrobat video 5 13 Using Adobe SendNow video 3 00 Saving search results in Acrobat video 5 21 Editing tools Adding interactivity to PDF files video 4 51 Adding rich media to PDF files video 7 37 Manipulating pages in Acrobat video 5 34 Comparing documents video 5 30 Security How to protect PDF documents video 8 23 Removing sensitive information video 6 46 How to remove hidden information video 4 41 Using digital signatures in a PDF file video 7 53 Adobe TV Learn Acrobat X Show all topics Didn t find what you were looking for Search Acrobat Help amp Support Posta question on the forums Acrobat forums AcrobatUsers com forums Full training courses Classroom in a Book More books Training Acrobat X not your version Learn Acrobat 9 tutorials Contribute to Community Help Learn how Q Chapter 3 Survival Tip Some Records Have to Be Hardcopy You could scan your birth cer tificate will or car ownership title into your computer to make a digi tal record But such records printed off a hard drive aren t always legally acceptable Original documents are often required by government agencies and the court system A filename is a name given to a computer file to distinguish it from other computer files A file extension is the suffix preceded by
86. ervers and hire a staff to maintain them Some business owners find that present day online software isn t as good as the tra ditional software available However online software represents a stage in what in Chapter 1 we called cloud computing the idea of obtaining comput ing resources from the network of computers sitting beyond a user s own four walls Some experts believe that future software is more apt to be available in a variety of ways through traditional licensing through online rentalware through ad supported online means and even through open source means PIRATED SOFTWARE Pirated software is software obtained illegally as when you get a CD DVD from a friend who has made an illicit copy of say a commercial video game Sometimes pirated software can be downloaded off the Internet Sometimes it is sold in retail outlets in foreign countries If you buy such software not only do the original copyright owners not get paid for their creative work but you risk getting inferior goods and worse picking up a virus To discourage software piracy many software manufacturers such as Microsoft require that users register their software when they install it on their computers If the software is not registered it will not work properly ABANDONWARE Abandonware does not refer to a way to obtain software It refers to software that is no longer being sold or supported by its publisher U S copyright laws state that copyright
87. es Google Apps a free download from www google com apps and Zoho Writer a free download from www zoho com There is even a full fledged office suite for word processing known as Quickoffice that can be used on Android phones Apple iPhones BlackBerries and Symbian OS devices Word processing software allows users to work through a document and delete insert and replace text the principal edit correction activities It also offers such additional features as creating formatting printing and saving Of course creating a document means entering text using the keyboard or the dictation function associated with speech recognition software Word pro cessing software has three features that affect this process the cursor scroll ing and word wrap CURSOR The cursor is the movable symbol on the display screen that shows you where you may next enter data or commands The symbol is often a blinking rectangle or an J beam You can move the cursor on the screen using the keyboard s directional arrow keys or a mouse The point where the cursor is located is called the insertion point SCROLLING Scrolling means moving quickly upward downward or side ways through the text or other screen display A standard computer screen displays only 20 22 lines of standard size text Of course most documents are longer than that Using the directional arrow keys or the mouse and a scroll bar located at the side of the screen you can move scroll
88. f their stores or ata Best Buy store Varies depending on the problem Same as above 169 per year Name your price and place a deposit Free online chat email text message 40 per incident and up or 20 per month gold membership or 35 per month platinum membership 25 50 per month depending on the number of computers Phone email or online chat support for PCs and Macs and peripherals Live chat support with consultants and forums for numerous software and hardware problems Almost any problem related to computers electronics and networks Same as above Same as above 24 7 PC and peripherals support PCs and Macs PCs Macs and peripherals All kinds of support KEY TERMS amp EXPLANATIONS analytical graphics p 164 Also called business graphics graphical forms that make numeric data easier to analyze than it is when organized as rows and columns of numbers The principal examples of analytical graphics are bar charts line graphs and pie charts Why it s important Whether viewed on a monitor or printed out analytical graphics help make sales figures economic trends and the like easier to comprehend and analyze animation p 177 The simulation illusion of movement created by displaying a series of still pictures or frames very quickly in sequence Why it s important Animation is used in video games movies special effects presentations and even in email to make it m
89. files for example documents are not affected and you can customize your System Restore points dates and times via the System restore icon The Mac operating system does not have a built in system restore function check your user s manual or go online to get restore instructions processing unit or processor Chapter 1 p 29 It remains in memory main memory or primary storage while the computer is running and copies into memory other nonresident programs programs that were not in mem ory to perform tasks that support application programs The supervisor remains in memory until the computer is turned off MEMORY MANAGEMENT The operating system also manages memory it keeps track of the locations within main memory where the programs and data are stored It can swap portions of data and programs between main memory and secondary storage such as your computers hard disk as so called virtual memory This capability allows a computer to hold only the most immediately needed data and programs within main memory Yet it has ready access to programs and data on the hard disk thereby greatly expanding memory capacity GETTING IN LINE QUEUES BUFFERS amp SPOOLING Programs and data that are to be executed or processed wait on disk in queues pronounced Qs A queue is a first in first out sequence of data and or programs that wait in line in a temporary holding place to be processed The disk area where the p
90. g systems For example Cray supercomputers use UNICOS and COS IBM mainframes use MVS and VM PCs run Windows or Linux and Apple Macintoshes run the Macintosh OS Cellphones have their own operating systems such as Apple s iPhone OS 3 or 4 which works with iPhones or Google and the Open Hand set Alliance s Android operating system for smartphones and other mobile devices With a few exceptions an operating system written for one kind of hardware will not be able to run on another kind of machine But before we discuss the different kinds of operating systems we should have an idea of what operating systems do We consider Booting e CPU management File management e Task management e Security management Booting When you turn on a computer you boot it meaning that the operating system starts to load The work of the operating system begins as soon as you turn on or boot the computer Booting from bootstrapping is the process of loading an operating system into a computer s main memory This loading is accomplished automatically by programs stored permanently in the com puter s electronic circuitry called read only memory or ROM described in Chapter 4 When you turn on the machine programs called diagnostic rou tines test the main memory the central processing unit and other parts of the system to make sure they are running properly Next BIOS for basic input output system programs are co
91. go to www microsoft com windows explore default aspx w a q 2 N e Chapter 3 Windows vs Mac To compare Windows to the Mac go to www laptopmag com mobile life snow leopard vs windows 7 aspx www guidenet net resources win_vs_mac html http windows about com b 2010 02 05 windows vs mac which is safer htm or do keyword searches for Mac vs Windows and Mac vs PC nm Mm This program PDF Portable Document Formant has been pinned to the screen see below Delbanco Ch 07 LM_03141 i CORMIER CH_01 Delbanco Ch 0E LM 131 Delbanco Ch 06_LM_03124_ E UIT ch 30310 labels Delbancoteglowary DElbanco Msp amp 17a gm paua OET aao any RTE Ey menpa A Adobe Acrobat X Starciard V v cloth i RT Pin thi to them on t me heap wash uie color pma ro W we vash AAS clothes g I SEES Ann Ban s mwah UG iy e Enterprise For multiuser businesses e Ultimate For advanced PC users gamers multimedia professionals users can switch among 35 languages can run XP applications Network Operating Systems OES Windows Server Unix amp Linux Abbreviated NOS a network operating system includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local area network LAN The operating systems described so far were principally designed for use with stand alone desktop and laptop machines Now let s consider the im
92. he computer DontDel ff Other Libraries i py Media Guide New folder UCTS IE ra al ke 1S Sef 702PM 9 1420 desktop Multimedia Windows XP features sharp graphics and video capabilities Taskbar Gives you a log of all programs you have opened To switch programs click on the icon buttons on the taskbar E Bario Easy cD Cremer Pull up menu When Sa Propomictmie ontvetnty Hate you click the mouse z o TES pointer on the Start BE Wrens cats Bed Renae Renter SO button at the bottom left J wen O bibetceiel 2 Asor across x stanara corner of the screen WA smorio it produces a pull up menu offering access to programs and a MF Navigator E40 documents 1 tte Mircea Oide Tous C di r P Trend Miet OfficeScan Chere EE Micrcsaft Office otel 2003 asta ing Menu BP sou p MD deve 2 Purcene Envronmene 3 Mercsoft office Outnck 2003 Moving the mouse E ove wet Start P E iecore fice PomerFon 2003 pointer to an option g O Heb sppr jak on the pull up menu r Diese Cl s dea ae Dak Deep JE mun a in some versions of Po A Programa fone Windows produces Ag Ort taraj i flyout cascading menus with more options Choosing one of these options may produce further menus called cascading menus top right menus that seem to fly back to the left or explode out to the right wherever there is space DOCUMENTS TITLE BARS MENU BARS TOOLBAR
93. he cursor around the screen v D z lic y for an item on your screen Shortcut A menus display a list of commands omputer to carry out a task In a i commonly used to complete a task processing program oe eee a ie a ge ee pee F gee ed ee eee aA OAO mo 5 r TA LR aw A tacl A MO i y related to the current activity start a new paragraph Chapter 3 Common Shortcuts Macros Instead of using the mouse and menus to select options and per form functions for example to save to print to boldface a word to copy text you can often use 2 key shortcuts Windows www microsoft com enable products KeyboardSearch_xp aspx http support microsoft com kb 126449 http windows microsoft com en US windows7 Keyboard shortcuts www windows7news com 2009 03 22 master list of windows 7 keyboard shortcuts Mac http support apple com kb ht1343 www danrodney com mac p h Sometimes you may wish to reduce the number of keystrokes required to exe cute a command To do this you use a macro A macro also called a keyboard shortcut is a single keystroke or command or a series of keystrokes or commands used to automatically issue a longer predetermined series of keystrokes or commands Thus you can consolidate several activities into only one or two keystrokes The user names the macro and stores the corre sponding command sequence once this is done the macro can be used repeat edly
94. he values have been entered into the worksheet formulas and functions can be used to calculate outcomes graphical user interface GUI p 133 User interface in which icons and commands from menus may be selected by means of a mouse or keystrokes Why it s important GUIs are easier to use than command driven interfaces Help command p 138 Command generating a table of contents an index and a search feature that can help users locate answers to questions about the software Why it s important Help features pro vide a built in electronic instruction manual icons p 133 Small pictorial figures that represent programs data files or procedures Why it s important Icons have simplified the use of software The feature represented by the icon can be activated by clicking on the icon importing p 153 Getting data from another source and then convert ing it into a format compatible with the program in which the user is currently working Why it s important Users will often have to import files key p 166 Also called key field primary key sort key index or key word field used to sort data in a database For example if users sort records by age then the age field is a key Why it s important Key fields are needed to identify and retrieve specific items in a database Most database management systems allow you to have more than one key so that you can sort records in different ways One of the keys is des igna
95. ike a stack of worksheets all connected by formulas A change made in one worksheet automatically affects the others Looking at data in several dimen sions could include for example sales by region sales by sales rep sales by product category sales by month and so on A spreadsheet program s multidi mensional view might take on a 3D graphics form Employee 1 Employee 2 Employee 3 Employee 4 Employee 5 Employee 6 Employee 7 Employee 8 Sales Trend by Employee 2008 2009 2010 Company XYZ 2008 Totals 2009 Totals 2010 Totals 3 540 00 4 970 00 6 720 00 6 315 00 7 960 00 5 412 00 40 320 00 40 650 00 15 550 00 13 260 00 48 005 00 35 348 00 3 350 00 12 145 00 32 750 00 28 030 00 5 000 00 6 880 00 6 000 00 15 000 00 3 000 00 24 070 00 5 675 00 27 000 00 92 625 00 158 195 00 146 130 00 Sales Trend by Employee 2008 2009 2010 5000000 40 000 00 30 000 00 20 000 00 B2008Totals m2009Totals 2010 Totals glee e g fi E ee os l AR P zig apa acai raii Spt Ah Seems c i mei E pae ajer ee ee HAET pal Bada ae La ee Te ee i TAAT T Te m ma pak EDS p BA pride a a Gi a Bik Sa aes oS haley 3 9 Database Software A database is a collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed managed and updated In its most general sense a database is any electronically stored
96. ing has become easier to do on microcomputer systems The popularity of digital camcorders camera recorders has caused an increase in sales of video editing software This software allows you to import video footage to your PC and edit it for example deleting parts you don t Survival Tip want reordering sequences and adding special effects Popular video editing Compressing Web amp Audio software packages include Adobe Premiere Elements Corel Video Studio Files Sony Pictures Digital Vegas Magix Movie Edit Pro Roxio Creator Apple Video and audio files tend to be Final Cut Express Pinnacle Studio DV CyberLink Power Director and Ulead very large so they need to be VideoStudio edited down and compressed to be as short as possible especially if they are to be used Audio editing software provides similar capabilities for working with sound tracks and you can also clean up background noise called artifacts and on web pages Your software emphasize certain sound qualities Sound editing software includes Windows E A will explain how Sound Recorder Sony Pictures Sound Forge Audacity freeware Felt Tip Odo tnis Software s Sound Studio shareware GoldWave and WavePad Video and audio are covered in more detail in Chapter 5 Sophisticated application software Animation artist at work at the Studio Ghibli Mitaka Japan About Animation For sources about animation go to http animation about
97. ival Tip New Software amp Compatibility Pay attention to compatibility requirements when you obtain new software The system requirements for running the software will be listed on the box or included with the downloaded information When it is time to update the software you can usually do that by paying a small upgrade fee to the software man ufacturer and then downloading the new version and or obtaining a new CD DVD If Windows doesn t boot properly it may go into Safe Mode You can also get into Safe Mode by pressing the F8 key during the boot process Safe Mode is used for diagnosing problems and fixing them When the system is in Safe Mode only the essential parts of the system work moni tor mouse keyboard and there are no fancy interface graphics on the screen www computerhope com issues chsafe htm http computer howstuffworks com question575 htm Once you are in Safe Mode you use the Device Manager to fix problems https kb wisc edu helpdesk page php id 502 time allocation and peripheral devices Every general purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs The operating system through its interface allows you to concentrate on your own tasks or applications rather than on the complexities of managing the computer Each application program is written to run on top of a particular operating system Different sizes and makes of computers have their own operatin
98. ive and make sure Porla conreen secondary storage drives are empty before you boot your computer collection 1597 free_ antivirus_software html www freebyte com antivirus Utilities Service Programs Utilities are small programs that play supporting roles Utility programs also known as service programs perform tasks related to the control allocation and maintenance of computer resources See preceding Practical Action box They enhance existing functions or provide ser vices not supplied by other system software programs Most computers come with built in utilities as part of the system software However they may also be bought separately as external utility programs such as Norton SystemWorks and McAfee Utilities Among the tasks performed by utilities are backing up data compressing files recovering lost data and identifying hardware problems See the Practi cal Action box Escape Key Function Keys You can press Esc to quit a task These keys let you quickly perform specific you are performing tasks For example in many programs you can press F1 to display help information Caps Lock and Shift Keys These keys let you enter text in uppercase ABC and lowercase abc letters Press Caps Lock to change the case of all letters you type Press the key again to return to the original case Press Shift in combination with another key to type an _ uppercase letter Ctrl and Alt Keys You can use the Ctr
99. ively personal information manager PIM p 168 Software that helps users keep track of and manage information they use on a daily basis such as addresses telephone numbers appointments to do lists and miscellaneous notes Some programs feature phone dial ers outliners for roughing out ideas in outline form and ticklers or reminders Why it s important PIMs can help users better orga nize and manage daily business activities pirated software p 151 Software that is obtained illegally Why it s important If you buy such software not only do the original copyright owners not get paid for their creative work but you risk getting inferior goods and worse picking up a virus To discourage software piracy many software manufacturers require that users register their software when they install it on their computers If the software is not registered it will not work properly platform p 138 Particular processor model and operating system on which a computer system is based Why it s important Gener ally software written for one platform will not run on any other Users should be aware that there are Mac platforms Apple Macintosh and Windows platforms or PC platforms for personal computers such as Dell Acer Inovo Toshiba Hewlett Packard and others that run Micro soft Windows pointer p 132 Indicator that usually appears as an arrow although it changes shape depending on the application The mo
100. l information threaten to overwhelm us To fit large multimedia files into less space and increase the speed of data transmission a technique called compression decompression or codec is used Compression is a method of removing repetitive elements from a file so that the file requires less storage space and therefore less time to transmit Later the data is decompressed the repeated patterns are restored There are two principal methods of compressing data lossless and lossy In any situation which of these two techniques is more appropriate will depend on whether data quality or storage space is more critical Lossless compression uses mathematical techniques to replace repeti tive patterns of bits with a kind of coded summary During decompression the coded summaries are replaced with the original patterns of bits In this method the data that comes out is exactly the same as what went in it has merely been repackaged for purposes of storage or transmission Lossless techniques are used when it s important that nothing be lost for instance for computer data database records spreadsheets and word processing files Lossy compression techniques permanently discard some data during compression Lossy data compression involves a certain loss of accuracy in exchange for a high degree of compression to as little as 5 of the original file size This method of compression is often used for graphics files and sound files Thus a lossy c
101. l or Alt key in combination with another key to Cc Nindc perform a specific task For example key to quickly display the gt a in some programs you can press Ctrl menu wh You can press the Spacebar and S to save a document Windows operating systems to insert a blank space 3 4 Common Features of the User Interface User interface features use graphics to facilitate a person s interaction with the computer The first thing you look at when you call up any system software on the screen is the user interface the user controllable graphic display screen that allows you to communicate or interact with the computer Like the dashboard on a car the user interface has gauges that show you what s going on and switches and buttons for controlling what you want to do From this screen you choose the application programs you want to run or the files of data you want to open You can interact with the display screen using the keys on your keyboard As well as having letter number and punctuation keys and often a calculator style numeric keypad computer keyboards have special purpose and function keys See Panel 3 6 Special purpose keys are used to enter delete and edit data and to execute commands An example is the Esc for Escape key which tells the computer to cancel an operation or leave escape from the current mode of operation The Enter or Return key which you will use often tells the com puter to
102. l the forms you need for filing income taxes Tax programs such as TaxCut and TurboTax make complex calculations check for mistakes and even unearth deductions you didn t know existed Tax pro grams can be linked to personal finance software to form an integrated tool Many financial software programs may be used in all kinds of enterprises For instance accounting software such as Intuit Quickbooks and Sage Soft ware s Peachtree automates bookkeeping tasks while payroll software keeps records of employee hours and produces reports for tax purposes Some programs go beyond financial management and tax and accounting management For example Business Plan Pro and Small Business Manage ment Pro can help you set up your own business from scratch Finally there are investment software packages such as StreetSmart Pro from Charles Schwab as well as various retirement planning programs Desktop Publishing Desktop publishing software can make all types of documents look professional Adobe Systems was founded in 1982 when John Warnock and Charles Geschke began to work on solving some of the long standing problems that plagued the relationship between microcomputers and printers Collaboration with Apple Computers produced the first desktop publishing package using Adobe PostScript a printer language that can handle many fonts and graphics in 1984 By 1987 Adobe had agreements with IBM Digital AST Research Hewlett Packard and Texas In
103. loaded from the Internet Most new operating systems recognize many new hardware devices on their own and automatically install them If your OS does not recognize your new hardware it will display a message and ask you to install the driver from the CD that came with your hardware See Panel 3 4 Pa Adjust your computer s settings Y Action Center M Color Management Administrative Tools F Credential Manager B4 AutoPlay T Date and Time Backup and Restore Default Programs A Device Manager aj Devices and Printers fa Display Ease of Access Center A Fonts J Getting Started a HomeGroup J Indexing Options l Java amp Network anf Sharing Center Personalization LS Recovery Keyboard Ga Notification Area Icons Phone and Modem 9 Region and Language Wa System 8 Windows CardSpace Display adapters el DVD CD ROM drives Human Interface Devices ca IDE ATA ATAPI controllers EG Imaging devices Keyboards P Mice and other pointing dewicet E Monitors amp Network adapters F Ports COM amp LPT BD Processors Sound video and game controler lt gt Storage controllers iy System devices IP Universal Serial Bus controllers USE Virtualization E Location and Other Sensors NVIDIA Contro Panel Power Options RemoteApp and Desktop Connections jab Taskbar and Start Menu a Windows Defender Mail Parental Controls a Programs and Features
104. m typically providing at least word processing spreadsheet and database management Presentation graphics page layout paint calendar address book email and other applications may also be included Microsoft Works and AppleWorks are two primary examples of integrated software pack ages One of the benefits of integrated software is that it eliminates the need to open a separate software application for reference purposes or to perform a few quick tasks However integrated software programs have been scaled back from their full fledged versions and do not offer all the features and func tions of each program Software suites are not the same as integrated software packages they are bundled software several programs available together in a single package Although there are suites for graphics mathematics and other applications the most popular are office suites Also known as productivity suites they are a set of basic programs that use a single user interface The primary programs or website design in any good search engine Top Selling Software 2009 2010 1 Microsoft Office 2007 Home amp Student Windows 2 Turbo Tax 2009 Deluxe Windows Mac 3 Microsoft Office 2008 Home amp Student Mac 4 Microsoft Windows 7 Home Premium Upgrade 5 Norton 360 3 0 Windows 6 iWork 2009 Mac 7 Microsoft Office 2007 Windows 8 QuickBooks 2010 Pro Windows 9 Turbo Tax 2009 Home amp Busi
105. m while another plays a music CD Why it s important Multitasking allows the computer to switch rapidly back and forth among different tasks The user is generally unaware of the switching process and thus can work in more than one application at a time open source software p 146 Software that any programmer can download from the Internet free and modify with suggested improvements The only qualification is that changes can t be copy righted they must be made available to all and remain in the public domain Why it s important Because this software is not proprietary any programmer can make improvements which can result in better quality software operating system OS p 121 Low level master system of programs that manage the basic operations of the computer Why it s important These programs provide resource management services of many kinds In particular they handle the control and use of hard ware resources including disk space memory CPU time allocation and peripheral devices The operating system allows users to concentrate on their own tasks or applications rather than on the complexities of man aging the computer PDF See portable document format personal finance manager p 172 Application software that lets users keep track of income and expenses write checks do online banking and plan financial goals Why it s important Personal finance software can help people manage their money more effect
106. mputer the first screen you will encounter is the desktop Panel 3 8 a term that embodies the idea of folders of work memos schedules to do lists on a businessperson s desk The desktop which is the system s main interface screen displays pictures icons that provide quick access to programs and information Icon Symbol representing a program data file or Icons and rollovers We re now ready procedure Icons are designed to graphically to give a formal definition Icons j communicate their function such as a little disk are small pictorial figures that for the Save icon represent programs data files or N Waua procedures For example a trash can a nnna acert Page Layout References Mailings Review View represents a place to dispose of a file a save ciri sif z n Calibri Bod ju IA S SS gS al you no longer want If you click your r a Gab edt aA eo Sees eS Past m a abr r E E mouse pointer on a little picture of a ate A Formpt Painter B 2 Urea Aa 2A E I iE Clipboard g Font a Paragraph printer you can print out a document One of the most important icons is Rollover When you roll your mouse pointer over an icon the folder a representation of a manila in this case the Save icon a small box with explanatory folder folders hold the files in which text appears you store your documents and other data Of course you can t always be expected
107. n be formatted to create clear concise reports and can be easily sorted and updated A worksheet is arranged as follows See Panel 3 26 HOW A SPREADSHEET FILE IS ORGANIZED The word spreadsheet usually refers to the type of application program A spreadsheet file is called a work book A workbook s grid arrangement of columns rows and labels is called a Tabs with command groups Formula T Title bar Da e Boit pcm Lnce ee Ea Homa inie Page Layout Perey a Breii Views Addini gt SSS ee hag mk Sh A mem ma ah e ae er ret GR am as Sane Se atcha TA e Bil _ ed Humbi is Wiri Tri d tarag ae Active ee E 7 ahaa c aaa 1 cell location 5 ah E E te 2 Expense Type JAN FEB MAR TOTAL PERCENT Wi epi Hu Sut Gece a 0 ay Heavy outline acts Column gl ri aE SN gee a Ot c as cursor to indicate headings Aseem eS ua current active cell 5 TOTAL 950 20 5 00 Sil 2151 53 mr i ti Row n Labels ae headings Identify mE alg i contents of pie Lien deisi H cells Worksheet Area Status bar Shows details about the document you re working on Sheet tabs Let you select a worksheet A spreadsheet file can contain several related worksheets each covering a different topic worksheet So for example when you open the Excel spreadsheet program it loads an empty workbook file consisting of three blank worksheets for you to use The worksheets
108. n Windows the taskbar is the bar across the bottom of the desktop screen that contains the Start button and that appears by default Small boxes appear here that show the names of open files You can switch among the files by clicking on the boxes e Windows When spelled with a capital W Windows is the name of Microsoft s system software Windows XP Vista 7 and so on When spelled with a lowercase w a window is a rectangular frame on the computer display screen Through this frame you can view a file of data such as a document spreadsheet or database or an application program Click on C which opens a window that provides access to information stored on your hard disk FROM MY COMPUTER Click on the My Documents icon Click on the My Computer AGE i icon which opens a window which opens a window that provides access to Providing access to information on your a document files seam and folders computer aa er Lic Dk FROM START MENU Lape 1 Fb oe DG ited 797 a fen i Heater tesumert GA Open Office Document 124 Cf Windows Update Ee Ee Ge Fame Bee ir Programs T E z ied r i E7 ki RT Credit Card Letter First Halt Budget Tie cad FB Newsletter 5 Sales IT Click on the document vou want ee on the Start button to produce Start menu then go to Documents option then to My Document
109. neral purpose workstation desktop or laptop computer It is a specialized com puter system that is part of a larger system or a machine Why it s important Embedded systems are used for example in automobiles planes trains barcode scanners fuel pumps space vehicles machine tools watches appliances cellphones and robots Handheld computers and personal digital assistants also rely on specialized operating systems Such operating systems include Android Symbian iPhone Windows Phone BlackBerry OS Embedded Linux and many others exporting p 153 Transforming data into a format that can be used in another program and then transmitting it Why it s important Users need to know how to export many types of files file p 124 A named collection of data data file or a program program file that exists in a computer s secondary storage such as ona hard disk or CD Why it s important Dealing with files is an ines capable part of working with computers Users need to be familiar with the different types of files filename p 184 The name given to a file Why it s important Files are given names so that they can be differentiated Filenames also have extension names of three or four letters added after a period following the filename financial software p 172 Application software that ranges from personal finance managers to entry level accounting programs to business financial management packages Why it s im
110. ng distance charges but you ll also find out how confusing the voice menu is and how long it takes to reach a live human e Create a fact sheet with your computer s important specs When you get a computer or new software create a fact sheet listing the important technical specifications and attach it to the outside of the computer case This will Getting Help from Tech Support provide you with the kind of infor mation that tech support personnel will ask should you call them Take a copy along with you whenever you buy a game or other video and sound intensive application to make sure it is compatible with the rest of your system If you have a communication problem ask to be referred to another person Many companies now hire people in offshore call centers as tech support specialists and sometimes you may have trouble with unfamiliar accents If this happens to you don t give up your place in line ask to be connected to another service representative Other Sources of Help Although usually less specific in solving your problem other sources of help are available Help programs instruction manuals software and online User guides or instruction manuals printed on paper have traditionally accompanied software Now most software publishers rely more on Help programs on a CD DVD or in downloadable PDF manuals Help programs are also avail able through the Internet The problem with this approach of course is
111. ng ny taraia aiea Spelling English United States Not in Dictionary Choose Change to insert the highlighted word y n tH Document Micro g f kpi E Le i gt 6 43 PM Dialog box Suggests correct spellings Oy a ay IASA3A Microsott Word Home Insert Page Layout References Mailings Review View Add ins Acrobat Li Research 4 Translation Screentip J Delete 4 ia Final i Wh ss se W LA Ky MP Previous S Thesaurus FS Set Language j Previous lt h Py Show Markup Spelling amp ew Track Balloons s Accept Reject ext Grammar 1i Translate foal Word Count Comment J Next Changes ipl Reviewing Pane a Proofing Comments Changes Tracking to navigate through a document and delete insert replace copy and move text and graphics Spelling and Grammar English U S c X Subject Verb Agreement Word processing software allow is you to use computers to among other things create format edit illustrate print and store documents Check grammar Dialog box suggests a correction under the filename of your choice In this way for example in a letterhead template your projects name address phone number and web address are included every time you open your letterhead template file Among the many aspects of formatting are these Fonts e You can decide what font typeface and type size you wish to use For instance
112. o a format that can be used in another program and then transmitting it For example you might work up a list of names and addresses in your database program and then send it export it to a document you wrote in your word processing program Exporting implies that the sending application reformats the data for the receiving application importing implies that the receiving application does the reformatting e Games etc e MP3 e Videoplayer Types of Application Software There are many types of application software productivity software is the type used in business and in many educational situations Application software can be classified in many ways for entertainment per sonal education reference productivity and specialized uses See Panel 3 22 In the rest of this chapter we discuss types of productivity software such as word processing programs spreadsheets and database managers whose purpose is to make users more productive at particular tasks Some productivity software comes in the form of an office suite which bun dles several applications together into a single large package Microsoft Office for example includes among other things Word Excel PowerPoint and Access word processing spreadsheet presentation and database programs respectively Office is available for both the PC and the Mac platforms Corel Corp offers similar programs such as the WordPerfect word processing pro gram Othe
113. o change default settings in order to customize documents desktop p 133 The operating system s main interface screen Why it s important The desktop displays pictures icons that provide quick access to programs and information desktop publishing DTP p 173 Application software and hard ware system that involves mixing text and graphics to produce high quality output for commercial printing using a microcomputer and mouse scanner digital cameras laser or ink jet printer and DTP software such as QuarkXPress and InDesign or at a more consumer oriented level Microsoft Publisher Often the printer is used primarily to get an advance look before the completed job is sent to a typesetter for even higher quality output Some word pro cessing programs such as Word and WordPerfect have rudimentary DTP features Why it s important Desktop publishing has reduced the number of steps the time and the money required to produce profes sional looking printed projects device drivers p 127 Specialized software programs usually components of system software that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system Why it s important Drivers are needed so that the computer s operating system can recognize and run peripheral hardware w Pa q 2 N Chapter 3 embedded system p 148 Operating system for any electronic system that uses a CPU chip but that is not a ge
114. o jpeg snoop html Top Ten Reviews http pc system utilities software review toptenreviews com However as you update a file over time new data for that file is distributed to unused Spaces These spaces may not be contiguous to the older data in that file It takes the operating system longer to read these fragmented files A defragmenter utility program commonly called a defrag ger will find all the scattered files on your hard disk and reorganize them as contigu ous files Defragmenting the disk will speed up the drive s operation So if you notice your computer slowing down it might be a good idea to defrag the disk Computer users who use their machines for hours every day might want to defrag every few days PC Tune Up Stop at the Pitstop To find out what problems your PC has and to learn which utilities might improve its perfor mance go to www pcpitstop com default asp and try their free computer scans Disk Scanner ScanDisk or Check Disk amp Disk Cleanup These utilities detect and correct certain types of common prob lems on hard drives and CDs and search for and remove unneces sary files such as temporary files or temp files Both Windows and the applications you run create temp files needed only for short tasks and system restore return to normal operating conditions after certain types of system problems These files are stored in the Temp folder For example
115. ocument files are created by word processing programs and consist of documents such as reports letters memos and term papers For example doc and docx files are created by Microsoft Word Workbook files Workbook files are created by electronic spreadsheets and usually consist of collections of numerical data such as budgets sales forecasts and schedules For instance xls files are created by Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software e Database files Database files are created by database management programs and consist of organized data that can be analyzed and displayed in various useful ways Examples are student names and addresses that can be displayed according to age grade point average or home state For example mdb files are created by Microsoft Access EXCHANGING FILES IMPORTING amp EXPORTING Its useful to know that often files can be exchanged that is imported and exported between programs e Importing Importing is defined as getting data from another source and then converting it into a format compatible with the program in which you are currently working For example you might write a letter in your word processing program and include in it that is import a column of numbers from your spreadsheet program The ability to import data is very important in software applications because it means that one application can complement another e Exporting Exporting is defined as transforming data int
116. odec might discard subtle shades of color or sounds out side the range of human hearing Most users wouldn t notice the absence of these details Examples of two lossy compression file formats are jpeg and mpeg More Types of Application Software Gaming software examples BioShock Infinite Batman Arkham City NBA 2K12 Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet Super Mario 3DS Educational software examples SAT GMAT LSAT MCAT lumosity com brainage com Simulation program examples Flight Simulator X Physion physics simulation software CCENT 640 822 Network Simulator Course management software examples Learning Management LMS Blackboard Moodle Reference amp encyclopedia examples Britannia Ultimate Reference Suite Oxford World Encyclopedia Reference Point Software for MLA and APA scholarly writing B Chapter 3 Graphic files bmp BitMap Bitmapped graphic format native to Microsoft Windows Some Macintosh programs can also read bmp files gif Graphic Interchange Format Pronounced Jiff Format used on web pages and downloadable images jpeg or jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group Pronounced Jay peg Used for web images and for digital photography especially for high resolution images pcx Format introduced for PC Paintbrush Used for other graphics packages as well pict PICTure Format used by Apple for use on Macintosh computers png Portable Ne
117. ogies to quickly bring the next Lifecycle selecting a device from the drop down below that best describes generation of smart connected service oriented devices to market pratitis your device project OS Chooser Device Type Compact formerly CE Standard formerly XPe tis Select One E POSReady formerly WEPOS Device Manager Enterprise Automotive Server f _ S Thin Client f N e i Handheld Featured Industry Solutions Gallery gt Academic Programs me oo amp amp E Windows Wi Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Embedded Embedded Embedded Embedded Embedded Embedded Embedded Embedded Standard Server POSReady Enterprise Handheld Compact 7 Automotive Device Manager 3 6 APPLICATION SOFTWARE Getting Started Application software comprises the programs that do the work that users are directly interested in Application software is designed to enable users to accomplish specific tasks whether related to serious work or to entertainment But before we discuss some of the common types of application software we cover the ways to obtain application software issues of licensure For Sale For Free or For Rent Software licensing protects the copyright by placing restrictions on the user Although most people pay for application software popular brands that they can use with similar programs owned by their friends and coworkers it s possible to rent progr
118. ogrammers can fix bugs Embedded Operating Systems for Handhelds In general embedded operating systems are used in small or specialized devices An embedded system also called a real time operating system is any elec tronic system that uses a CPU chip but that is not a general purpose workstation desktop or laptop computer It is a specialized computer system that is part of a larger system or a machine Embedded systems are used for example in automobiles planes trains toasters coffee machines traffic lights barcode scanners fuel pumps space vehicles machine tools watches appliances cellphones MP3 players PDAs high definition TV and robots Handheld computers and personal digital assistants also rely on spe cialized operating systems Such operating systems include Android Sym bian Apple iPhone Windows Phone BlackBerry OS Palm OS Embedded Linux and many others URGENT waiting for your nespo_ m Seth Jaw 110 PM 25 80K Re Inquiry about shipping statu Ty Sama 11 42 AM 162K RE Re mrutes of ibdays meet lauen Age 10 10 AM 11 38K Pi Request for information on S erone E 7 25AM 30K Notice System Marteranee Sc Choose a Windows Embedded Operating System Overview gt Use this tool to determine which Windows Embedded product s is Windows Embedded is a family of embedded operating systems best suited to your embedded development needs Start by that offer familiar tools and technol
119. olden rules of upgrading tips from the owc technical support team www youtube com watch v T2xnLpuAyCE www ehow com how_2157557_upgrade computers operating sys tem html Embedded Systems For updates on smartphone OSs try www palm com us products phones www android com www apple com ios http us blackberry com apps software blackberry6 www symbianos org intro http windows microsoft com en US windows products windows phone Droid Pro Apple iPhone and LG Fathom Windows phone Windows Pros Runs on a wide range of hardware Has largest market share Has many built in utilities Cons Security problems Not efficient used as a server OS Have to reboot every time a network configuration is changed Linux Pros Is very stable and can be easily updated Runs on a wide range of hardware Has largest number of user interface types Can be used as server or desktop PC open source software anyone can fix bugs Cons Limited support for games Limited commercial Mac OS X Pros Easy to install Best GUI Secure and stable Cons Fewer applications are available for the Mac than for Windows Base hardware more expensive than other platforms Fewer utilities available applications available PP Fewer games than for Proprietary software Windows only company programmers can fix bugs Can be difficult to learn Proprietary software only company pr
120. olor 03a E l a poms rT Sr a m a wW P 128 Links wilIS amp 3X_un03024 eps NOVELL S OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER NetWare now called 5 Server OES has long been a popular network operating sy will 683X_un0302b Jpg nating microcomputerbased local area networks LANs th pany or a campus LANs allow PCs to share programs data F nd other devices A network OS is usually located ona main Y bel 20 errors B A A 7 gt br do keyword searches for Mac m vs Windowes and Macys PCS adt i zZ FEATURES OF DESKTOP PUBLISHING Desktop publishing has these characteristics e Mix of text with graphics Desktop publishing software allows you to precisely manage and merge text with graphics As you lay out a page on screen you can make the text flow liquidlike around graphics such as photographs You can resize art silhouette it change the colors change the texture flip it upside down and make it look like a photo negative Varied type amp layout styles As do word processing programs DTP programs support a variety of fonts or typestyles from readable Times Roman to staid Tribune to wild Jester and Scribble Additional fonts can be purchased on disk or downloaded online You can also create all kinds of rules borders columns and page numbering styles Use of files from other programs It s usually not efficient to do word processing drawing and painting with the DTP software As a rule text is composed on a
121. ompiled Su cone u a Pe J eham awe Lal LC J Oia y 1 JHE Di fami a il La Wao caf Grats 4 CJ den Emmi af Deierad Bers T cairida 9 Contacts B ican FEIE wl i E 4d b iIin a da of specialized programs available presentation graphics financial desktop publishing drawing and painting project management computer aided design video audio editing animation and web page design software Presentation Graphics Software Presentation graphics make information more accessible Presentation graphics software is intended primarily for creating slide show presentations reports portfolios and training materials Presentation graphics software uses graphics animation sound and data or information to make visual presentations Presentation graphics are much more fancy and complicated than are analytical graphics Pages in presentation software are often referred to as slides and visual presentations are commonly called slide shows They can consist however not only of slides but also of paper copies video animation and sound Completed presentations are frequently pub lished in multiple formats which may include print the web and electronic files Most often presentation projects are used in live sessions and commonly projected onto large screens or printed as handouts to accompany the live pre sentation Slides are generally intended to be followed in an ordered sequence World s T J Watson
122. ook for example has sections such as Inbox Calen dar Contacts Tasks to do list Journal to record interactions with people Notes scratchpad and Files e See Panel 3 29 next page 3 10 Specialty Application Software There s an app for that After learning some of the productivity software just described you may wish to become familiar with more specialized programs For example you might first learn word processing and then move on to desktop publishing or first learn spreadsheets and then learn personal finance software We consider the following kinds of software although they are but a handful of the thousands 3000 BCE Abacus is Slide rule invented First mechanical A linked sequence The first mass Babbage s invented Edmund Gunther adding machine of punched cards produced difference in Babylonia Blaise Pascal controls the calculator engine weaving patterns the Thomas automatic in Jacquard s loom Arithnometer calculator th ia rig ee hel N Le Eee ETT A wiw id Sides Boot Fea Ehre hehe Thi Pmi 7 Work wei binni biride gpr Ema Pubrish Appomonent k py Barn Darr Vee T Wipe Calonclar Calender ir Dning Fits ah a A LL iManne s O Hannis Thur mzma Fi By Lan J E BES ME RTE E Em 4 hiar amii r Sakir Tee Th Fr Sa i F May 27 2011 z 4a 3 fF 1H i ee i iT 18 9 90 21 raaa aija 0 31 Se G me dj staged venta d CJ hega Z Caray Ll c
123. ore interesting application software p 121 Software that has been developed to solve a particular problem for users to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment Why it s important Application software consists of most of the software you are familiar with and use ona daily basis Compare system software booting p 122 Loading an operating system into a computer s main memory Why it s important Without booting computers could not operate The programs responsible for booting are stored perma nently in the computer s electronic circuitry When you turn on the machine programs called diagnostic routines test the main memory the central processing unit and other parts of the system to make sure they are running properly Next BIOS basic input output system programs are copied to main memory and help the computer interpret keyboard characters or transmit characters to the display screen or to a diskette Then the boot program obtains the operating system usu ally from the hard disk and loads it into the computer s main memory where it remains until you turn the computer off cell p 163 Place where a row and a column intersect in a spreadsheet worksheet its position is called a cell reference or a cell address Why it s important The cell is the smallest working unit in a spreadsheet Data and formulas are entered into cells Cell addresses provide location references for worksheet use
124. orhood If your PC is linked to a network click here to get a glimpse of everything on the network My Computer Gives you a quick overview Documents Multitasking capabilities The opening of all the files and programs on your PC allow users to smoothly run more than screen is the as well as available drives A C D E one program at once desktop Minimize Maximize Close Menu bar Title bar _ a ee Ei Elegant Memo rtf WordPad IE es De SRA banD Arial Black 3 My Computer Sunset jpg Paint w Fil E I My Networ PN To Carol Kelly QuickTime Stat orthe Union Ki XP features sharp cc File Edit Movie Favorites Window Help graphics and video capabilities v Westem the en My Documents Date July 2 2005 z How to Use This Memo 1 Select the text you would like to re your memo Use styles such as H Body Text from the Styles and Forr For Help press F1 QuickTime State of the Union Taskbar Gives you a log of all programs you have opened To switch programs click on the icon buttons on the taskbar ReeyrlelBin 60 00 02 a ov utlook a WinZip Programs IFA Documents Ag Ce Settings amp 4 2 Pa Search Start menu After clicking on the Start button a menu appears giving youa quick way to handle common tasks You can me le E el Cel Se m See elp Topics on the Help Menu RealOne Player Help an
125. ower was required to run Vista that many people found their new PCs ran more slowly than their ch Internet My Documents ee Internet Explorer eo E mail Ey My Pictures gt Outlook Express Ek ey My Music Windows Media Player g My Computer 3 J MSN Explorer o Control Panel Windows Movie Maker i 2 Help and Support Tour Windows XP 2 Search E Run 6 4 a 3 Windows Product Catalog Files and Settings Transfer S2 Wizard k All Programs gt Ag FF o OFF Computer 7 Fen hoe ti Mls ary ie ti fF ar eee ee E Eii as n a oe di APP Lir eee Sd eh dian ee ee Adee i Er Windows Porte edit Bury Daria Pirka Ai Hom Hi Ser hom i work prr mr wth Windows eta Windcrest kieme piorgi bey N ere ted ee pre ee Thi Tibbi F Ty eT j pi m e ra el Pe pee r pi EA F Aee pe id Er F older less powerful XP machines Vista was also criticized for software and hardware incompatibility issues with office suites and some printers digital cameras and other devices So many businesses decided that given the down turn in the economy they wouldn t be upgrading from XP to Vista because they saw no value in it and because it required buying more powerful PCs and new software To spur Vista sales Microsoft announced it would stop selling Windows XP in June 2008 However in spite of this change Vista did not sell well so Microsoft moved on to Windows 7 Windo
126. owing different from one another Pop up menu pull down menu cascading menu What is importing Exporting Briefly compare drawing programs and painting programs Explain what computer aided design CAD programs do Discuss the various software licenses site licenses concurrent use licenses multiple user licenses single user license I can apply what I ve learned relate these ideas to other concepts build on other knowledge and use all these thinking skills to form a judgment Knowledge in Action 1 Here s a Windows 7 exercise in defragmenting your hard disk drive Defragmenting is a housekeeping procedure that will speed up your system and often free up hard disk space Click on the Start button at the bottom left corner of your screen Click on All Programs then Accessories then System Tools Disk Defragmenter Click on the Analyze Disk button to find out how much of your hard disk is fragmented and click on Defragment Disk to run the defragmentation utility Many times when your PC isn t performing well such as 3 when it s sluggish running both ScanDisk and Defragment will solve the problem Ray Kurzweil is among other things the author of The Age of Intelligent Machines The Age of Spiritual Machines When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence and The Singularity Is Near When Humans Transcend Biology He has said We a are entering a new era call it the Singularity
127. pied to main memory and help the computer interpret keyboard characters or transmit characters to the display screen or to a disk Then the boot program obtains the operating system usually from the hard disk and loads it into the computer s main memory where it remains until you turn the computer off See Panel 3 2 COLD BOOTS amp WARM BOOTS When you power up a computer by turning on the power on switch this is called a cold boot If your computer is already on and you restart it this is called a warm boot or a warm start After installing new software on your computer you will usually see a Restart button displayed by clicking on this button you authorize a warm boot and restart the computer which allows the new software to be recog nized by the computer THE BOOT DISK Normally your computer would boot from the hard drive but if that drive is damaged you can use a disk called a boot disk or a restore disk to start up your computer A boot disk is usually a CD or a flash drive Chap ter 4 that contains all the files needed to launch the OS When you insert the boot disk into your computer s CD drive you answer the displayed queries to feed the OS files to the BIOS thereby enabling it to launch the OS and complete the start up routine After the OS loads completely you then can access the contents of the hard drive run basic drive maintenance utilities and perform troubleshooting tasks that will help you resol
128. plate you want to share Do you han a bermplaie that you created and ane pecans of 8 pow word lo shee your temple wih other peonpi ou can nnii a honelac bo ORoecom See Also Word can help you choose wam eae a templates i s Available Templates EL Sove As Z Seve as Adobe POF 4 Home W Open xe Fy J O og 8 Info S E Blog post Recent Sample My templates New from Recent lempiates templates existing n lt Office com Templates Search Office com for templates gt an ee Agendas Award Beochasis Budgets Business Calendars Contracts Diagrams Envelopes Help certificates cards 3 Options pn 2 E exit jia TL z p D H Expense Faxes Flyers Forms Gift Greeting Inventories _ Invitations Invoices reports certificates cards JE H f E ki e Job Labels Letters Lists Memos Minutes Newsletters Plans Planners descriptions E a L Lf Receipts Reports Newresume Resumesand Schedules Statements Stationery Time nests More samples CVs categones e You can indicate headers or footers and include page numbers A header Survival Tip is common text such as a date or document name printed at the top of When Several Word every page A footer is the same thing printed at the bottom of every page Documents Are Open If you want page numbers you can determine what number to start with You can write with several Word among other things documents open simultaneously e e You can specify
129. plex layouts require experience skill and knowledge of graphic design Indeed use of these programs by nonprofes sional users can lead to rather unprofessional looking results Nevertheless the availability of microcomputers and reasonably inexpensive software has opened up a career area formerly reserved for professional typographers and printers QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign are high end professional DTP programs Microsoft Publisher 2010 is a low end consumer oriented DTP package Some word processing programs such as Word and WordPerfect also have many DTP features although still not at the sophisticated level of the specialized DTP software DTP packages for example give you more control over typographical characteristics and provide more support for full color output Drawing amp Painting Programs There are several types of software for illustrators Commercial artists and fine artists have largely abandoned the paintbox and pen and ink for software versions of palettes brushes and pens However even nonartists can produce good looking work with these programs 2007 2008 2009 2012 2013 Windows Vista Cloud Windows 7 Web has a Windows 8 Windows XP Microsoft Most becomes Vista OS commercially computing greater reach released software will available Pre Beta available starts to than TV be Mac OS X first introduced Mac OS X 5 take off open source ships Win
130. portant Finan cial software provides users with powerful management tools personal finance managers as well as small business programs Moreover tax programs provide virtually all the forms needed for filing income taxes make complex calculations check for mistakes and even unearth deduc tions you didn t know existed Tax programs can also be integrated with personal finance software to form an integrated tool Accounting software automates bookkeeping tasks while payroll software keeps records of employee hours and produces reports for tax purposes Some programs allow users to set up a business from scratch Financial soft ware also includes investment software packages and various retirement planning programs formulas p 163 In a spreadsheet instructions for calculations entered into designated cells Why it s important When spreadsheet users change data in one cell all the cells linked to it by formulas auto matically recalculate their values freeware p 151 Copyrighted software that is distributed free of charge today most often over the Internet Why it s important Free ware saves users money function keys p 131 Keys labeled F1 F2 and so on positioned along the top of the keyboard Why it s important They are used to execute commands specific to the software being used functions p 163 In a spreadsheet built in formulas that perform common calculations Why it s important After t
131. portant operating systems designed to work with sizeable networks OES Windows Server Unix Solaris and Linux NOVELL S OPEN ENTERPRISE SERVER NetWare now called Open Enterprise Server OES has long been a popular network operating system for coordinating microcomputer based local area networks LANs throughout a company or a campus LANs allow PCs to share programs data files and printers and other devices A network OS is usually located on a main server see Chapter 1 p 27 which controls the connectivity of connected smaller networks and individual computers Novell the maker of OES thrived as corporate data managers real ized that networks of PCs could exchange information more cheaply than the previous generation of mainframes and midrange computers WINDOWS SERVER Windows desktop operating systems XP Vista 7 can be used to link PCs in small networks in homes and offices However something more powerful was needed to run the huge networks linking a variety of com puters PCs workstations mainframes used by many companies universi ties and other organizations which previously were served principally by Unix and NetWare operating systems Microsoft Windows Server is the company s multitasking operating system designed to run on network servers in busi nesses of all sizes It allows multiple users to share resources such as data pro grams and printers and to build web applications and connect to the Internet
132. pose do they serve and what is data compression Download the free UIT 10e App for key term flash cards quizzes and a game Over the Edge O Chapter 3 HCI Careers Could you make a career in HCI associated areas Go to www sigchi org www hfcareers com Default aspx Do you see some HCl related areas that you might consider as a major Who Was John Tukey The term software was coined by John Tukey Who was he Did he coin any other important computer terms Do a keyword search on his name and see what you can find out hat we need is a science called practology a way of thinking about machines that focuses on how things will actually be used So said Alan Robbins a professor of visual communications on the subject of machine interfaces the parts of a machine that people actually manipu late An interface is a machine s control panel ranging from the volume and tuner knobs on an old radio to all the switches and dials on the flight deck of a jetliner You may have found that on too many of today s machines digital watches cameras even stoves the interface is often designed to accommodate the machine or some engineering ideas rather than the people actually using it Good interfaces are intuitive that is based on previous knowledge and experi ence like the twin knobs on a 1950s radio immediately usable by both novices and sophisticates Bad interfaces such as a software program
133. r move Then you use the Copy or Cut command to move it to the clipboard a special hold ing area in the computers memory From there you use Paste to transfer the material to any point indicated with the cursor in the existing document or in a new document The clipboard retains its material so repeated pastes of the same item will work without your having to recopy each time Chapter 3 Most word processors have a spelling checker which tests for incorrectly spelled words As you type the spelling checker indicates perhaps with a squiggly line words that aren t in its dictionary and thus may be misspelled See Panel 3 24 Special add on dictionaries are available for medical engi neering and legal terms In addition programs such as Microsoft Word have an Auto Correct func tion that automatically fixes such common mistakes as transposed letters replacing teh with the for instance A grammar checker highlights poor grammar wordiness incomplete sen tences and awkward phrases The grammar checker wont fix things auto matically but it will flag perhaps with a different color squiggly line possible incorrect word usage and sentence structure See Panel 3 25 If you find yourself stuck for the right word while you re writing you can call up an on screen thesaurus which will present you with the appropriate word or alternative words You can also purchase more comprehensive the saurus add on p
134. r productivity software such as Lotus Notes is sold as groupware online software that allows several people to collaborate on the same project and share some resources Google offers a free suite of applications called Google Apps from www google com apps Note that all these types of programs must be installed on your computer before you can use them For example if you buy Microsoft Office you need to install it on your computer before you can run any of the included pro grams such as Word or Excel You can install software from a CD or DVD an external hard drive or a networked computer or install a downloaded version from the Internet e Cookbooks e Medical e Home decoration e Gardening e Home repair e Tax preparation etc e Encyclopedias e Phone books e Almanacs e Library searches etc e Children s learning programs e Course management e Computer aided instruction e Word processing e Spreadsheets e Database managers e Personal information managers e Web browser on 2 e Email etc e Presentation graphics e Financial e Desktop publishing e Drawing amp painting image editing e Video audio editing e Animation e Multimedia authoring e Web page design e Project management e Computer aided design PDF etc Installing a software program writes the necessary data instructions for running the program on your hard drive Often the installer program will de
135. ract with the computer and helps the computer manage its internal and external resources We interact mainly with the application software which interacts with the system software which controls the hardware New microcomputers are equipped not only with system software but usu ally also with some application software There are three basic components of system software that you need to know about See Panel 3 1 e Operating systems An operating system is the principal component of system software in any computing system Device drivers Device drivers help the computer control peripheral devices e Utility programs Utility programs are generally used to support enhance or expand existing programs in a computer system A fourth type of system software language translators is briefly described in Chapter 10 3 2 THE OPERATING SYSTEM What It Does The operating system manages the entire computer system The operating system OS consists of the low level master system of pro grams that manage the basic operations of the computer These programs provide resource management services of many kinds In particular they handle the control and use of hardware resources including disk space memory CPU Application Software word processing spreadsheet database graphics etc Device drivers Hardware computer plus peripheral devices Ti n U o a ee es CEE ee ge Et Te O Chapter 3 Surv
136. rd for humanity on some of its products The Debian Project is an association of individuals who created the free operating system called Debian GNU Linux or simply Debian for short Debian comes with over 29 000 applications all of it free Debian will run on almost all personal computers including most older models it is used by a wide range of organizations large and small as well as many thousands of individuals e Linux in the future Because it was originally built for use on the Internet Linux is more reliable than Windows for online applications Hence it is better suited to run websites and e commerce software Its real growth however may come as it reaches outward to other applications and possibly replaces Windows in many situations IBM Red Hat Motorola More on OS Comparisons Computing Panasonic Sony and many other companies have formed the For more details on OS nonprofit vendor neutral Embedded Linux Consortium which now as part Some an cise of The Linux Foundation is working to make Linux a top operating system www operating system org of choice for developers designing embedded systems as we discuss next www pemag com category2 0 2806 2362 00 The three major microcomputer operating systems are compared in the box ad on the next page See Panel 3 20 w a F q 2 N Chapter 3 Rules for Upgrading Your Operating System http blog macsales com 1411 the g
137. re that is distributed free of charge today most often over the Internet Why would any software creator let his or her product go for free Sometimes developers want to see how users respond so that they can make improvements in a later version Sometimes they want to further some scholarly or humanitarian purpose for instance to create a standard for software on which people are apt to agree In its most recent form freeware is made available by companies trying to make money some other way actually by attracting viewers to their advertising The web browsers Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox are of this type Freeware developers generally retain all rights to their programs technically you are not supposed to duplicate and redistribute the programs Freeware is differ ent from free software or public domain software which has no restrictions on use modification or redistribution RENTALWARE ONLINE SOFTWARE Rentalware is online software that users lease for a fee and download whenever they want it This is the concept behind application service providers ASPs or software as a service SaaS technology the idea of leasing software over the Internet The ASP stores the software on its servers and supplies users with support and other services Today online software accounts for only a small part of business software sales but it could represent the wave of the future because it frees businesses from having to buy computer s
138. reet address city and so on w pas q N Chapter 3 An example of a field is that person s last name another field would be that person s first name a third field would be that person s street address and so on Why it s important The relational database is the most common type of database rentalware p 151 Software that users lease for a fee and download whenever they want it Why it s important This is the concept behind application service providers ASPs rollover p 133 Icon feature also called a tooltip in which a small textbox explaining the icon s function appears when you roll the mouse pointer over the icon A rollover may also produce an ani mated graphic Why it s important The rollover gives the user an immediate explanation of an icon s meaning saving p 161 Storing or preserving a document as an electronic file permanently on hard disk flash drive CD or online in the cloud for example Why it s important Saving is a feature of nearly all application software Having the document stored in electronic form spares users the tiresome chore of retyping it from scratch whenever they want to make changes Users need only retrieve it from the stor age medium and make the changes then resave it and print it out again scrolling p 156 Moving quickly upward downward or sideways through the text or other screen display Why it s important A stan dard computer
139. rge websites Another interesting variant is BSD free software derived from Unix BSD began in the 1970s in the computer science department of the University of California Berkeley when students and staff began to develop their own derivative of Unix known as the Berkeley Software Distribution or BSD And there are many other versions of Unix Like MS DOS Unix uses a command line interface but the commands are different for each system See Panel 3 18 Some companies market Unix systems with graphical interface shells that make Unix easier to use cerberus ttyl login joe password Last login Wed Jun 15 14 09 20 27005 from 24 205 252 mb cres charterpipeline net Copyright c 1980 1983 1986 1988 1998 1991 1993 19 The Regents of the University of California All rights reserved FreeBSD 4 7 RELEASE CERBERUS 3 Sun Jun 6 09 33 11 POT 2004 cerberus ls 1 total 339 i i joe ne _ tt Jun 38 2003 archive tgz drwxt xr x 7 joe joe_a r 9 28 finished lrwxrwx joe r4 ot 4 2001 dossier gt ad 7 dossier joe joe_a 3283 Mar 29 13 51 mbox root joe_o fi J 59 20802 public_html gt uts Wi Some Common Unix Commands h backspace erase previously typed character u erase entire line of input typed so far cp copy files whoami who is logged on to this terminal mkdir make new directory mv change name of directory mail read send email gzip gunzip compress recompress a file lor send file to print
140. rking on new features such as an audible menu system for its e reader Kindle Note that the 2010 U S government standards according to the American Disabilities Act of 1990 require accessibility options for computer hardware and software in various government and public education venues www ada gov regs2010 2010ADAStandards 2010ADAStandards pdf In time as interfaces are refined computers may become no more difficult to use than a car Until then however for smoother computing you need to know something about how software works Today people communicate one way computers another People speak words and phrases computers process bits and bytes For us to communicate with these machines we need an intermedi ary an interpreter This is the function of software particularly system software 3 1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE The Power behind the Power System software is the platform for running application software As we mentioned in Chapter 1 p 28 software or programs consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task These instructions come from a software developer in a form such as a CD or DVD USB drive or an Internet download that will be accepted by the computer Application software is software that has been developed to solve a par ticular problem for users to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment System software enables the application software to inte
141. rocessing software a spelling checker b cell address c formatting d cut and paste e find and replace What is the common consumer computer interface used today a command driven interface b graphical user interface c menu driven interface d electronic user interface e biometric user interface Which type of software can you download and duplicate without any restrictions whatsoever and without fear of legal prosecution a commercial software b shareware c public domain software d pirated software e rentalware Which of these is not a common file extension a doc b nos c docx d xls e jpeg True False Questions TF TF TF TF TF 1 The supervisor manages the CPU 2 The first graphical user interface was provided by Microsoft Windows 3 All operating systems are mutually compatible 4 Font refers to a preformatted document that provides basic tools for shaping the final document 5 Unix crashes often and thus is not normally used for running important large systems TF TF Short Answer Questions 12 1 Briefly define booting 2 What is the difference between a command driven interface and a graphical user interface GUI 3 Why can t you run your computer without system software 4 Why is multitasking useful 13 5 What is a device driver 6 What is a utility program 14 7 What is a platform 8 What are the three components of system
142. rogram p 161 Application software that allows users to create tables and financial schedules by entering data and formulas into rows and columns arranged as a grid on a worksheet display screen A spreadsheet file is called a workbook Why it s important When data is changed in one cell values in other cells in the linked worksheets are automatically recalculated supervisor p 123 Also called kernel the central component of the operating system that manages the CPU Why it s important The supervisor remains in main memory while the computer is running As well as managing the CPU it copies other nonresident programs into memory to perform tasks that support application programs system software p 121 The software that helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run The most important component of system soft ware is the operating system the master control program that runs the computer Examples of operating system software for the PC are various Microsoft programs such as Windows XP Vista and 7 Apple Macintosh OS X Unix and Linux Why it s important Computers cannot run application software without having system software taskbar p 135 Graphic toolbar that appears at the bottom of the Windows screen Why it s important The taskbar presents the applica tions that are running template p 158 In word processing a preformatted document that provides basic
143. rogram the Mac simply won t allow you to run it Mac OS X also offers free universal email services improved graphics and printing improved security easier ways to find files and support for building and storing web pages Also new Macs can also support Windows using a built in utility called Boot Camp meaning that it lets you boot up the computer using either the Mac OS or Windows gi et it at ck a oe ee Henan es TETEE Mac Apps To see the wide variety of applications available to download for the Mac go to www apple com downloads macosx The latest version of OS X 10 7 or Lion was 0 9 released in 2010 and for now is available only 8 6 via download or on a USB flash drive Lion 51 offers several new features including increased support for gesture control of the computer via a multitouch screen To take full advantage of all Lion s features users must purchase appli cations written specifically for Lion As of 2011 Mac OS X is the second most popular general purpose operating system in use about 8 after Microsoft Windows about 85 See Panel 3 14 5 6 0 8 E 42 2 Win7 WM 5 6 Vista M 36 2 WinXP E 5 1 Linux HM 0 9 Mobile E 0 8 Win2003 W 8 6 Mac WHERE IS MAC MOST POPULAR Macintosh is considered king in areas such as desktop publishing and graphics and Macs are still favored in many educational set pa tings For very specialized applications most
144. rograms such as WordWeb55 In the context of word processing formatting means determining the appearance of a document You can always format your documents manually but word processing programs provide a helpful device to speed the process up and make it more sophisticated A template is a preformatted document that provides basic tools for shaping a final document the text layout and style for a letter for example Simply put it is a style guide for documents Because most documents are fairly standard in format every word processing program comes with at least a few standard templates When you use a tem plate youre actually opening a copy of the template In this way youll always have a fresh copy of the original template when you need it After you open a copy of the template and add your text you save this version of the template Figue ten Ps a9 0 L iment Microsoft Word Home Insert Pagelayout References Mailings Review View Add Ins 2 B gt em 5 i E Sl L i la T AaBbCcDe AaBbCcDe AaBbC AaBbCc AA yes Pe y aE ens A Aaa SEA SM er SAT 1 Noat No spari Heacing Heading 2 SPERM See Clipboard Font qe Paragraph Ta Styles fy Editing ee SRBEPREE VEOR ERE ARANCE mAg U SOO OT ea SE Page 1 oft Words 112 BS Red wavy line Indicates spelling checker doesn t recognize the word editoryial features as creating editing formatting printing and savi
145. rograms or documents wait is called a buffer Print jobs are usually spooled that is placed into a buffer where they wait in a queue to be printed This happens because the computer can send print jobs to the printer faster than the printer can print them so the jobs must be stored and then passed to the printer at a rate it can handle Once the CPU has passed a print job to the buffer it can take on the next process ing task The term spooling dates back to the days when print jobs were reeled or copied onto spools of magnetic tape on which they went to the printer File Management Every operating system or program uses a file management system to organize and keep track of files A file is 1 a named collection of data data file or 2 a program pro gram file that exists in a computer s secondary storage such as a hard disk or CD DVD Examples of data files are a word processing document a spreadsheet images songs and the like Examples of program files are a word processing program or a spreadsheet program We cover files in more detail at the end of the chapter note that files created by different programs are stored in different file formats which is why some files will not open in all programs FINDING amp HANDLING FILES Files containing programs and data are located in many places on your hard disk and other secondary storage devices The operat ing system records the storage location of all files If you
146. rs compression p 185 Method of removing repetitive elements from a file so that the file requires less storage space then later decompressing the removed data or restoring the repeated patterns Why it s important Compression decompression makes storage and transmission of large files such as multimedia files more feasible computer aided design CAD p 182 Programs intended for the design of products structures civil engineering drawings and maps Why it s important CAD programs which are available for micro computers help architects design buildings and workspaces and help engineers design cars planes electronic devices roadways bridges and subdivisions While similar to drawing programs CAD programs provide precise dimensioning and positioning of the elements being drawn so they can be transferred later to computer aided manufacturing programs however they lack special effects for illustrations One advan tage of CAD software is that three dimensional drawings can be rotated on screen so the designer can see all sides of the product cursor p 156 Movable symbol on the display screen that shows where the user may next enter data or commands The symbol is often a blinking rectangle or an beam You can move the cursor on the screen using the keyboard s directional arrow keys or a mouse The point where the cursor is located is called the insertion point Why it s important All application software p
147. rs for producing color page proofs Today however PDF is used for virtually any data that needs to be exchanged among applications and users Individu als businesses and government agencies around the world trust and rely on PDF to communicate PDF files are widely used on websites and are also used to distribute electronic documents over networks and via email A PDF file can be shared viewed and printed by anyone using the free downloadable Adobe Reader software regardless of the operating system and original application used PDF can also be used on mobile devices In addi tion many applications such as Microsoft Word enable users to save their files in a PDF version To be able to create and work with all of Adobe s PDF features you need to purchase the complete Adobe Acrobat Suite Computer Aided Design CAD CAD uses computer programs to design two and three dimensional models Computers have long been used in engineering design Computer aided design CAD programs are intended for the design of products structures civil engineering drawings and maps CAD programs which are available for microcomputers help architects design buildings and workspaces and help engineers design cars planes electronic devices roadways bridges and sub divisions CAD and drawing programs are similar However CAD programs provide precise dimensioning and positioning of the elements being drawn so they can be transferred later to compu
148. rton was working at his computer and accidentally deleted an important file This was and is a common enough error However instead of reentering all the information Norton decided to write a computer program to recover the lost data He called the program The Norton Utilities Ultimately it and other utilities made him very rich A data recovery utility is used to restore data that has been physically damaged deleted or corrupted Data can be dam aged by viruses see following bad software hardware failure and power fluctuations that occur while data is being written recorded Virus Protection If there s anything that can make your heart sink faster than the sudden failure of your hard disk it may be the realization that your computer system has been invaded by a virus A virus con sists of hidden programming instructions that are buried within an application or system program Sometimes viruses copy them selves to other programs causing havoc Sometimes the virus is merely a simple prank that pops up in a message Other times however it can destroy programs and data and wipe your hard disk clean Viruses are spread when people exchange CDs and flash drives download information from the Internet and other computer networks or open files attached to email e See Panel 3 5 p 130 You should therefore install antivirus software Antivirus software is a utility program that scans all disks and memory to detect viru
149. s Click on the item you want FROM MY DOCUMENTS ICON F im i Da Click on Pe wy A A ad x M y Docume nts My Documents Stamps com FOR Rec Ad aware 6 0 Paint Shop Pro csi dm upd Li rars E which opens pat a window er i My Documents th at S h OWS aA File Edit View Favorites Tools Help My Computer the names 3 it _ Search Folders isa a rd Sur7em of yo u r g File and Folder Tasks a a ES ES ee c 20040617 005 x86 exe p sea ye Recycle Bin 3 5 ze ky the Joes oi Sees ely ublish this Falder to Api cals ss s 7 gt a bis this Folder C ck on Zoe ec j l Gal L document npese Click w f r BKW List doc sha ene al bat ate fo Ider or oun i ekweoffee doc IC O n Uplo z ad Bader gj hiii i My Data Sources aco ry a d ocu m e nt T Shared Documents to open it INWINDOWS 7 m i mh p os aay iS i ta i m or Double click n on desktop folder am F mas f or Double click y Here lt Rls rs n gt al Ly Microsott Outiocs 2010 we Microsof Word 2010 A Adobe Acrobat X Standard TE a MP Navigator EX 40 S A _ 7g gQ fE UM 10e aew files _ ll Lf Snagit 10 Editor b Organize incdudeialibay Share with New folder x tavontes Name dat Q esen ai E Oeittop UT 10e 05 rev VLAR 00 ew y Q Window Washer a Dowroads UI
150. s all ready to go to a professional printer For an InDesign CS5 video overview go to http tv adobe com watch cs5 design premium feature tour indesign cs5 overview Microsoft s Multimedia Access desktop database computers program PDF software released a SENTOSA SORE VAS A E EE InDesign File Edit Layout Type Opies Table View Window AP Math H EJ KievitOT H a lt 13 pr 3 TT T Ay Metrics Es T gt 100 ee T LS 100 i h jNone 3 q Bold s aii zi Tt T ay 30 aa Son O eo CC English USA Z 10 19 000 P g PARAGRAPH STYLES beh_hb bch_hb beh_he bch hd bch Ib 7 beh Ib last 140 141 bch_ha A pg bch_he a O itayer a beh tb 3 A bch_lb bullet a Dsster Margin fe ilshade 10 Layers SWATCHES T am I color Olb Z A I color ole EE am W11683X 030 Leps will683X_0302 eps will683X_un0301 eps will683X_0303 eps Network Operating Systems O amp S Windows Serve Unix amp Linux breviated NOS a network operating system includes ctions for connecting computers and devices into alo network LA LAN A The operating systems described so far were principally desig stand alone desktop and laptop machines Now let s consid operating systems designed to work with sizeable networks Server Unix Solaris and Linux Survival tip ai 18 BB color 02 BB color 02a BB color 02b BB color azc im color 02d E I c
151. s commands to choose from Why it s important Menus are a feature of GUIs that make software easier to use menu bar p 135 Bar across the top of the display window below the title bar Why it s important It shows the names of the various pull down menus available Microsoft Windows p 142 Most common operating system for desktop and portable microcomputers Windows 95 was succeeded by Windows 98 Windows 2003 Windows Me Windows XP Vista Windows 7 and Windows 8 Why it s important Windows supports the most applications written for microcomputers Microsoft Windows Server p 145 Microsoft s multitasking OS designed to run on network servers in businesses of all sizes Why it s important It allows multiple users to share resources such as data programs and printers and to build web applications and connect to the Internet multimedia authoring software p 178 Application software that combines text graphics video animation and sound in an inte grated way to create stand alone multimedia applications Why it s important Multimedia is now commonplace and an important feature of the web and many software application including those for mobile devices multitasking p 125 Feature of OS software that allows the execution of two or more programs concurrently by one user almost at the same time on the same computer with one or two CPUs For instance you might write a report on your computer with one progra
152. s containing software instructions Why it s important Contrast data files project management software p 180 Program used to plan and schedule the people costs and resources required to complete a project on time Why it s important Project management software increases the ease and speed of planning and managing complex projects public domain software p 150 Software often available on the Internet that is not protected by copyright and thus may be dupli cated by anyone at will Why it s important Public domain software offers lots of software options to users who may not be able to afford much commercial software Users may download such software from the Internet free and make as many copies as they wish range p 163 A group of adjacent cells in a spreadsheet for example Ai to A5 Why it s important Ranges help sort data for calcu lation or reports recalculation p 163 The process of recomputing values in a spreadsheet either as an ongoing process as data is entered or afterward with the press of a key Why it s important With this simple feature the hours of mind numbing work required to manually rework paper spreadsheets have become a thing of the past relational database p 166 Database in which data is organized into related tables Each table contains rows and columns the rows are called records and the columns are called fields An example of a record is a person s address name st
153. s owned by corporations are valid for up to 95 years from the date the software was first published Copyrights are Shareware amp Freeware What kinds of shareware and freeware are available To find out go to www searchalot com p amp q shareware www searchalot com p amp q freeware www shareware com www tucows com www freewarehome com www download com More about ASPs If you want to learn more about ASPs go to www aspnews com www business com directory internet_and_ online application_service_ providers_asps http dir yahoo com business_and_economy business_to_business communications_and_ networking internet_ and_world_wide_web application_service_ providers__asps_ Chapter 3 not considered abandoned even if they are no longer enforced Therefore abandoned software does not enter the public domain just because it is no longer supported Don t copy it Po CUSTOM SOFTWARE Occasionally companies oe or individuals need software written specifically it ai for them to meet unique needs This software is called custom software and it s created by soft Make the switch to Make the switch ta Make the switch to Access 2010 PowerPoint 2010 SharePoint 2010 ware engineers and programmers Office 2010 online training Access 2010 Outlook 2010 Excel 2010 PowerPoint 2010 OneNote 2010 Project 2070 Office 2007 online training Access 2007 OneNote 2007 Communi
154. ses monitoring personal bud gets and keeping track of time worked on projects Templates are also avail able for a variety of busi ness needs providing sales quotations invoicing customers creating purchase orders and writing a busi ness plan a My templates New from existing Plans Planners Receipts Reports Schedules Statements Stationery Analytical Graphics Creating Charts Worksheet and workbook data can be displayed in graphic form You can use spreadsheet packages to create analytical graphics or charts Analytical graphics or business graphics are graphical forms that make numeric data easier to analyze than it is when organized as rows and columns of numbers Whether viewed on a monitor or printed out analyti cal graphics help make sales figures economic trends and the like easier to comprehend and visualize In Excel you enter your data to the worksheet select the data and use the chart formatting tools to step through the process of choosing the chart type and various options Examples of analytical graphics are column charts bar charts line graphs pie charts and scatter charts See Panel 3 27 If you have a color printer these charts can appear in color In addition they can be displayed or printed out so that they look three dimensional Most spreadsheet applications are multidimensional meaning that you can link one spreadsheet file to another A three dimensional spreadsheet model is l
155. ses Some utilities destroy the virus on the spot Oth ers notify you of possible viral behavior Because new viruses are constantly being created you need the type of antivirus soft ware that can constantly update itself against newly discovered viruses Examples of antivirus software are Symantec s Norton AntiVirus Webroot Antivirus and McAfee AntiVirus New viruses appear every day so it s advisable to look for an antivirus utility that offers frequent online updates without additional cost We discuss viruses again in more detail in Chapter 6 PRACTICAL ACTION Utility Programs Data Compression As you continue to store files on your hard disk it may eventu ally fill up You then have several choices You can delete old files to make room for the new You can add a second hard disk drive externally or internally Or you can use a data compression utility such as PK Zip Ziplt WinZip or StuffIt As a result of the name Zip people have come to refer to compressing a file as zipping and decompressing a file as unzipping Zip programs are often included with an OS Data compression utilities remove redundant elements gaps and unnecessary data from computer files so that less space fewer bits is required to store or transmit data Also see the end of the chapter With a data compression utility files can be made more compact for storage on your hard disk drive With the increasing use of l
156. software What is D the basic function of each 16 9 What is open source software 17 10 What does defragmenting do 18 6 Windows NT is the most recent Microsoft OS TF 7 Spreadsheet software enables you to perform what if calculations TF 8 Public domain software is protected by copyright and so is offered for sale by license only 9 The records within the various tables in a database are TF linked by a key field 10 QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign are professional desktop publishing programs TF 2 LEARNING COMPREHENSION TF 11 The best known graphical user interface is the command driven one 12 Microsoft PowerPoint is an example of financial software 13 Drawing programs create vector images and painting programs produce bit mapped images General computer users can design their own web pages using Adobe Dreamweaver Adobe Flash and Microsoft FrontPage 14 15 Data files are identified by filenames I can recall information in my own terms and explain it to a friend What is an embedded system 3 LEARNING APPLYING ANALYZING SYNTHESIZING EVALUATING What are the following types of application software used for project management software desktop publishing software database software spreadsheet software aQ g oO word processing software Which program is more sophisticated analytical graphics or presentation graphics Why How are the foll
157. software enables the computer to perform modify it with suggested improvements essential operating tasks 14 When you power up a computer by turning on the power 2 ___________________ is the term for programs designed on switch this is called a boot If your to perform specific tasks for the user computer is already on and you restart it this is called a 3 ____ is the activity in which a computer works on boot more than one process at a time 15 software allows you to create and edit 4 _________is the scattering of portions of files about the documents disk in nonadjacent areas thus greatly slowing access to 16 is the activity of moving upward or downward the files through the text or other screen display 5 Windows and Mac OS are generally used on 17 Name four editing features offered by word processing computers programs 6 _______is the process of loading an operating system a into a computer s main memory 18 In a spreadsheet the place where a row and a column 7 A n is a utility that will find all the scattered files intersect is called a n on your hard disk and reorganize them as contiguous files 19 The is the movable symbol on the display 8 The is the component of system software that screen that shows you where you may next enter data or comprises the master system of programs that manage the commands basic operations of the computer 20 When you buy software you pay fora a 9 The is the user controllabl
158. sonal backup purposes If you buy software in shrink wrapped pack ages once you have opened the shrink wrap you have accepted the terms of the software license When you download software you will be required to check boxes next to licensure statements indicating that you have accepted the licensing conditions Every year or so software developers find ways to enhance their products and put forth new versions or new releases A version is a major upgrade in a software product traditionally indicated by numbers such as 1 0 2 0 3 0 for example Adobe 9 0 and Adobe 10 0 More recently other notations have been used After 1995 Microsoft labeled its Windows and Office software ver sions by year instead of by number as in Microsoft s Office 2000 Office 2003 Office 2007 and Office 2010 A release which now may be called an add or addition is a minor upgrade Often this is indicated by a change in number after the decimal point For instance 8 0 may become 8 1 8 2 and so on Some releases are now also indicated by the year in which they are marketed And unfortunately some releases are not clearly indicated at all These are patches which may be downloaded from the software maker s website as can version updates Once you have purchased an application the manufac turer will usually allow you to download small patches for free but will charge for major new versions More recently Apple Inc has enjoyed huge suc
159. struments for them to use PostScript in their printers Desktop publishing DTP involves mixing text and graphics to produce high quality output for commercial printing using a microcomputer and mouse scanner digital cameras laser or ink jet printer and DTP soft ware Often the printer is used primarily to get an advance look before the completed job is sent to a typesetter service bureau or a professional printer for even higher quality output Service bureaus and printers have special machines that convert the DTP files to film which can then be used to make plates for offset printing or be used to go straight to digital printing Offset printing produces higher quality documents especially if color is used but is generally more expensive than digital printing 1988 Microsoft s Mac System 6 0 Microsoft introduces Excel Windows 3 0 in May program intensifying its legal introduced dispute with Apple Mac system over the software s 4 0 then look and feel 5 0 resemblance to the Macintosh operating system Linus Torvalds introduces Linux Mac System 7 0 Aldus PageMaker becomes the first integrated desktop publishing program Microsoft Windows 1 0 is released Mac System 2 0 Mac System 3 0 w a 2 q N Desktop publishing software Adobe InDesign CS5 allows users to create interactive documents with sound video graphics col ors text and photo
160. sword or confirmation type the password or provide confirmation Once Windows is finished analyzing the disk you can check the percentage of fragmentation on the disk in the Last Run column If the number is above 10 you should defragment the disk 4 Click Defragment disk If you re prompted for an administrator password or confirmation type the nassword or nravide confirmation 4 HI amp 3 More support options Online Help z Chapter 3 e f you download or install software from a network server including the Internet or an online service always run virus scanning software on the folder directory you place the new files in before you run execute them Make sure that you have a disk e g CD with your virus program so that you can reinstall the software if necessary Or print out your purchase ID information and the link to the manufacturer s website so that you can re download your software if you Survival Tip need to E e Do not open any email from unknown sources and do not open any attachments from FGO Auu US SMB unknown sources Also set your antivirus software to check all attachments For a list of free antivirus eee lf your Internet connection is always on e g cable purchase firewall software or eee make sure that your OS is set properly to protect you from unauthorized intrusion www thefreecountry com security antivirus shtml Never start your computer from an unknown CD or flash dr
161. t lt font face verdana sfze 2 gt To start using our Editor you need ta highlight al of the text here and then delete it lt font gt lt p gt lt p gt lt p gt lt p gt lt font face verdana sizee 2 gt AC The moment you are viewing this htm in lt font color ffF0000 sizve 2 gt lt strong w SIwyG lt strong lt font mode If you have a template of ours simply delete this and then in code view paste your template To see how it looks toggle back to the WYSIWYG mode lt Tont gt lt ps lt p s lt p gt lt p gt lt font face Verdana size 2 gt To see your template in htm view you need to find and push the amp lt sT icon button above bottom row right hand side to see your htm source code lt font gt lt p gt lt p gt lt p gt lt p gt lt font face Verdana size 2 gt If you get st ck at amy stage just hit refresh in your browser window and this text will appear agat with our Editor you can change images insert hyperlinks add tables and so on you could even create an entire website lt fonts lt p gt lt p s lt p s lt ps lt font face Verdana size j 2 gt Then simply right click and then copy and paste this code into your file for The nage and unload it to waur server lt Tont lt f on6 You are in TEXT MODE Use the lt gt button to switch back to WYSIWYG Reall s HTML WYSIWYG Editor E5 5 only to wes thes F e Atm editor Wort until poge loads Tully x w B TUS HEJ K
162. t com Type startup in the search for box then click on the links that interest you Web Exercises i Go to http list driverguide com list company243 and iden tify the drivers that correspond to equipment you use How does this website let you know which devices the drivers are for and which operating systems are compatible with them If you own your own computer go to the manufacturer s website and locate its resource for updating drivers Does the manufacturer recommend any driver updates that you could use Use a web search tool such as Google or Yahoo to find some online antivirus sites sites where users can regularly down load updates for their antivirus software Do you know what kind of antivirus software is installed on your computer Microsoft offers patches or updates for its Windows OS Go to www microsoft com and search for the list of updates What kinds of problems do these updates fix Do you need any The History of Operating Systems Visit the following web sites to get an overview of the evolution and history of the theory and function of operating systems www microsoft com windows winhistoryintro mspx www computinghistorymuseum org teaching papers research history_of_operating_system_Moumina pdf www osdata com kind history htm www answers com topic history of operating systems Some people are fascinated by the error message commonly referred to as the Blue Screen of Dea
163. t the same time on the same computer with one or two central proces sors that is the programs are sharing the same processing resources You may be writing a report on your computer with one program while another program Windows XP left Windows 7 DEVICES iDisk middle and the Mac operating D Macintosh HD system right provide a Find E Backup Search function for finding files 8 SHARED if you don t know the pathname E Leo s MacBook b Aki s Mac mini T Bea s MacBook E Dad s PC Loy Office Mac Pro i 7 PLACES Fl Desktop q liam A Applications k i FTSEARCH FOR Today 2 Yesterday U Past Week E All images All Movies a All Doturments Root Directory ra ajer Subfolders Task Manager If you want to see a list of processes being executed by your system open the Task Manager right in Windows by holding down the Ctrl Alt and Del keys Survival Tip Is Your Password Guessable Don t choose a password that could be easily guessed Exam ples of weak passwords are birth date anniversary date boyfriend girlfriend name city town name pet s name fad words expres sions or names of celebrities or famous movie book characters Instead use meaningless letters and numbers The longer the password the better and don t use the same password for every thing that requires passwords hs Adjust your computer s settings System and Se
164. t www google com accounts ServiceLogin continue http 3A 2F 2Fsites google com 2Fefollowup http 3A 2F 2Fsites google com 2Feserv ice jotspot passive trueQul 1 Once you ve created your website you ll need to publish it upload it to a web server for viewing on the Internet You can get upload instructions from your online service or Internet access provider which may also provide space for free or for a fee on its servers Or as we mentioned earlier if you have a powerful large storage capacity microcomputer that has an always on Internet connection you can use it to host your own website For much more information about building and storing your own web pages just do a keyword search using build web page get rid of them film might use such software to keep track of the locations cast and crew materials dollars and schedules needed to complete the picture on time and within budget The software would show the scheduled beginning and ending dates for a particular task such as shooting all scenes on a certain set and then the date that task was actually completed Examples of project manage ment software are Mindjet MindManager Pro 9 MindView Intuit Eclipse Microsoft Project FastTrackSchedule and Project KickStart Integrated Software amp Software Suites Some programs combine several applications in one package Integrated software for personal computers combines several applications in one progra
165. ted the primary key and must hold a unique value for each record A key field that identifies records in different tables and relates them to the primary key is called a foreign key Foreign keys are used to cross reference data among relational tables The most frequent key field used in the United States is the Social Security number but any unique identi fier such as employee number or student number can be used Linux p 146 Free open source version of the Unix OS supported by the efforts of thousands of volunteer programmers Why it s important Linux is an inexpensive open source operating system use ful for online applications and to PC users who have to maintain a web server or a network server Macintosh operating system Mac OS p 140 System software that runs only on Apple Macintosh computers Why it s important Although Macs are not as common as PCs many people believe they are easier to use Macs are often used for graphics and desktop publishing macro p 132 Also called keyboard shortcut a single keystroke or command or a series of keystrokes or commands used to automati cally issue a longer predetermined series of keystrokes or commands Why it s important Users can consolidate several activities into only one or two keystrokes The user names the macro and stores the corresponding command sequence once this is done the macro can be used repeatedly menu p 133 Displayed list of options such a
166. ter aided manufacturing CAM pro erams Also CAD programs lack some of the special effects for illustrations that come with drawing programs One advantage of CAD software is that the product can be drawn in three dimensions and then rotated on the screen so the designer can see all sides e See Panel 3 36 p 184 Examples of pop ular CAD programs are Autodesk AutoCAD TurboCAD Alibre Design and PowerCADD Computer aided design computer aided manufacturing CAD CAM software allows products designed with CAD to be input into an automated manufactur ing system that makes the products For example CAD CAM systems brought a whirlwind of enhanced creativity and efficiency to the fashion industry The designs and specifications are then input into CAM systems that enable robot pattern cutters to automatically cut thousands of patterns from fabric with only minimal waste Whereas previously the fashion industry worked about a year in advance of delivery CAD CAM has cut that time to less than 8 months a competitive edge for a field that feeds on fads PRODUCTS CHANNELS TRANSLATIONS MY LIBRARY SHOW LEARN ACROBAT 9 Fle em View Docerert Comers Forres Toot Ageret Window Sep Giit ae amp Valerie mie S Sii n iwo eA Average Rating 1a e jw fete 4 2 Welut datmmoo Ren atenres Low men tte ween wer Que ten eom Lape eve tar owe COPS TW Be MD PMB weru ign of sad ee ee m ed rmt went
167. text colors graphics formatting files contain software instructions files contain words numbers pictures sounds and so on Multiple Choice Questions To Which of the following are functions of the operating system a file management b CPU management c task management d booting e all of these Which of the following was the first major microcomputer OS a Mac OS b Windows c DOS d Unix e Linux Which of the following is a prominent network operating system a Linux b Ubuntu Gc OES d DOS e Mac OS Which of the following is the newest Microsoft Windows operating system a Windows Vista b Windows XP c Windows 7 d Windows NT e Windows CE Which of the following refers to the execution of two or more programs by one user almost at the same time on the Same computer with one central processor a multitasking b multiprocessing c time sharing d multiprogramming a coprocessing Which of the following are specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system a multitasking boot disks utility programs device drivers WSs Or er service packs Which of the following is not an advantage of using database software a integrated data b improved data integrity c lack of structure d elimination of data redundancy Which of the following is not a feature of word p
168. th BSOD or Doom Run a search on the Internet and find websites that sell T shirts with the BSOD image on it photo galleries of public terminals displaying the BSOD fictional stories of BSOD attacks and various other forms of entertainment based on the infamous error message Do a search on the web to find users hypotheses of why the BSOD occurs and find methods to avoid it Here area few sites www maximumpc com article features blue_screen_survival_guide http bluescreenofdeathfixer com http bsod org http bbspot com News 2000 9 bsod_death html http technet microsoft com en us library cc750081 aspx Using Microsoft Excel or another spreadsheet program make a food shopping list incorporating the estimated price for each item and then have Excel calculate the overall cost Then go buy your groceries and compare Excel s price with the supermarket s price What else could Excel help you with The Windows operating system comes with a basic word processing program called WordPad Go to the Microsoft home page and to http en wikipedia org wiki WordPad and find out how WordPad differs from Microsoft Word Then use a keyword search in a search engine to get more infor mation about these programs Which one is right for you Curriculum Data Wales CDW is a public private partnership that has been charged by the Welsh Assembly Government with the task of designing building and maintaining the
169. ting printing and saving it s important Allows beginners as well as professional web design ers to create web pages which have become extremely important communications tools on the Internet for all sorts of purposes what if analysis p 164 Spreadsheet feature that employs the recalculation feature to investigate how changing one or more num bers changes the outcome of the calculation Why it s important Users can create a worksheet putting in formulas and numbers and then ask What would happen if we change that detail and immedi ately see the effect word wrap p 156 Special feature that automatically continues text to the next line by wrapping around when the user reaches the right margin Why it s important You don t have to hit a carriage window p 135 Rectangular frame on the computer display screen Through this frame users can view a file of data such as a docu ment spreadsheet or database or an application program Why it s important Using windows users can display at the same time portions of several documents and or programs on the screen CHAPTER REVIEW LEARNING MEMORIZATION return key or Enter key to move to the next line worksheet p 162 See spreadsheet program I can recognize and recall information Self Test Questions ies Linuxis m Ta software meaning any programmer can download it from the Internet for free and 1 ____________
170. tions in the original form written by the programmer Some source program files have the extension of the language in which they are written such as bas for BASIC pas for Pascal or jav for Java For the processor to use source program instructions they must be trans lated into an executable file which contains the instructions that tell the com puter how to perform a particular task You can identify an executable file by its extension exe or com You use an executable file by running it as when you select Microsoft Excel from your on screen menu and run it There are some executable files called runtime libraries that you cannot run other pro grams cause them to execute These are identified by such extensions as dll dynamic link library drv driver file ocx object control extension sys sys tem file and vbx Visual Basic extension Extensions are covered in more detail at the end of the chapter Data files are files that contain data words numbers pictures sounds and so on Unlike program files data files don t instruct the computer to do anything Rather data files are there to be acted on by program files Some data files are readable only by the software application that created them whereas other data files such as txt or text files can be accessed by many different software applications THREE TYPES OF DATA FILES Three well known types of data files are these Document files D
171. tsupport 00 rundil32 exe SYSTEM 00 picaDispMor exe SYSTEM 00 dwm exe itsupport 00 csrss exe SYSTEM 00 realsched exe itsupport 00 j m r E Show processes from all users End Process Processes 78 CPU Usage 1 Physical Memory 48 Operating systems also take care of some security management Operating systems allow users to control access to their computers an especially important matter when several people share a computer or the same computer network Users gain access in the same manner as accessing their email via a user name user ID and a password As we stated in Chapter 2 a password is a special word code or symbol required to access a computer sys tem When you first boot up a new personal computer the OS will prompt you to choose a user name and a password Then every time after that when you boot up your computer you will be prompted to type in your user name and pass word Some OSs even allow you to protect individual files with sepa rate access passwords The Help feature explains how to change or turn off your password Computer systems and security issues have become complicated Control Panci Hire a System and Security Henegk amd Ingernet Hardware and Sound Programe User Accounts and Family User Accounts and Family Safety salty Aud or remove user accounts Appearance ark Pertonadization P Set up parental controis for any user Chock Language and Pegwn Eme
172. twork Graphic Pronounced ping Patent free alternative to gif tiff or tif Tagged Image File Format High resolution bitmapped graphics file widely used on both Macintosh and PC computers Used in exchanging bit mapped files that will be printed Audio files au Low fidelity monaural format now often used to distribute sample sounds online mid MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface Format meant to drive music synthesizers mp3 MPEG 3 File format used to compress CD quality music while preserv ing much of the original sound quality Also mp4 wav WAVe Waveform file format that contains all the digital information needed to play speaker quality music Video files avi Audio Video Interleaved Video file format recognized by Windows Media Player Not good for broadcast quality video mov or gt QuickTime Video file formats developed by Apple for QuickTime video player Can play broadcast quality video mpg or mpeg Motion Picture Experts Group Video formats for full motion video MPEG 2 format used by DVD ROM disks MPEG 4 recognized by most video player software rm RealMedia Popular file format for streaming video wmv Windows Media Video Video format recognized by Windows Media Player Other files ASCII files Text only files containing no graphics and no formatting such as boldface or italic ASCII format is used to transfer documents between computers such as PC and Ma
173. use is used to move the pointer to a particular place on the display screen or to point to little symbols or icons Why it s important Manipulating the pointer on the screen by means of the mouse is often easier than typing commands on a keyboard portable document format PDF p 182 File format developed by Adobe Systems PDF captures text graphic and formatting informa tion from a variety of applications on different platforms making it possible to send documents and have them appear on the recipient s monitor or printer as they were intended to be viewed Why it s important A properly prepared PDF file maintains the original fonts type styles and type sizes images colors and graphics as well as the exact layout of the file A PDF file can be shared viewed and printed by anyone using the free downloadable Adobe Reader software PDF can also be used on mobile devices With the complete Adobe Acrobat suite users can also edit PDF files presentation graphics software p 169 Software that uses graphics animation sound and data or information to make visual presentations Why it s important Presentation graphics software provides a means of producing sophisticated graphics productivity software p 154 Application software such as word processing programs spreadsheets and database managers Why it s important Productivity software makes users more productive at particular tasks program files p 152 File
174. ve the problem with the drive the NNER i pann on ane Hard disk CPU TEETE begins the operating system rasa the hard disk into cereal to waits OS shi is ea BIOS located in ROM If a boot disk did not come with your computer system then make your own by following the instructions in the online user s manual on your system manufacturer s website which you can also download to your computer System Properti a amp a gt Hardware Advanced Aslomalit Grosdcom Date and Time Updates Control Suite 2 Mouse Nebvork Nebverk Setup or Wizard System Flesione carrtrack ATOT computer Disk spect usage Mowe the sider to the ght to increase o to the lett to decrease Ihe amount of disk apace for System Restore Decreasing the disk space may reduce the number of available restore points Disk space to use Min J Ma 12 18304 ME Status E C Monitoring CPU Management The CPU is the central processing unit The central component of the operating system is the supervisor Like a police officer directing traffic the supervisor or kernel manages the CPU the central RAM main memory and Going Backward Another way to get out of a system problem is to use System Restore left found by clicking on the System icon via Start Control Panel Restore System restores the system files to a pre vious date and or time Your data
175. vices in a few pages Macintosh Operating System The Mac had a GUI before Windows did The Macintosh operating system Mac OS which runs on Apple Macintosh computers set the standard for icon oriented easy to use graphical user interfaces Apple based its new interface on work done at Xerox which in turn had based its work on early research at Stanford Research Institute now SRI International See the timeline starting on page 170 The software generated a strong legion of fans shortly after its launch in 1984 and inspired rival Micro soft to upgrade DOS to the more user friendly Windows operating systems MAC OSX The Mac OS is proprietary meaning that it is privately owned and con trolled by a company Some Mac users still use System 9 introduced in October 1999 which added an integrated search engine updated the GUI and improved networking services The next version of the operating system Mac OS X ex or 10 broke with 15 years of Mac software to use Unix discussed shortly to offer a dramatic new look and feel e See Panel 3 13 Many Apple users claim that OS X wont allow software conflicts a frequent headache with Microsoft s Windows operating systems For example you might install a game and find that it interferes with the device driver for a sound card Then when you unin stall the game the problem persists With Mac OS X when you try to install an application program that conflicts with any other p
176. with a bewildering array of menus and icons force us to relearn the required behaviors every time So how well are computer hardware and software makers doing at giving us useful helpful interfaces The answer is they re getting better all the time Improving interfaces is the province of human computer interaction HCI which is concerned with the study design construction and implementation of human centric interactive computer systems HCI goes beyond improving screens and menus into the realm of adapting interfaces to human reasoning and studying the long term effects that computer systems have on humans HCI encompasses the disciplines of information technology psychology soci ology anthropology linguistics and others As computers become more per vasive in our culture HCI designers are increasingly looking for ways to make interfaces easier safer and more efficient HCI innovations are also extremely important for people with disabilities including blindness and limited mobility Google is working on an Android OS add on that will make the mobile phone operating system much easier for blind people to use One idea is to disable the touchscreen and add buttons with holes or other manually discernable dintinctions Another is to develop GPS based phones for the blind that can read street signs and directions aloud and sophisticated screen reader software that can turn documents and web pages into synthesized speech Amazon is now wo
177. with several tables For instance if you re running a small company you might have one database headed Employees containing three tables Addresses Payroll and Benefits You might have another database headed Customers with Addresses Orders and Invoices tables LINKING RECORDS USING A KEY In relational databases a key also called key field sort key index or keyword is a field used to sort data For example if you sort records by age then the age field is a key The most fre quent key field used in the United States is the Social Security number but any unique identifier such as employee number or student number can be Tabs with command groups c d Tabie Teali rent Uamegemert Det shew P 7 nose Ciee Edenaibite tatainane Tosi Datathest v A r 5 ater Eiin l eeaction i Me Repic ec Cato u ES FfF i i i z Wun Froe r Py Aavances A Gala we a j bere ESMO NIT amp oie Sun med mayo Sena iei Dacia Yorn Ah test EN on her gt A o E comana A Pane toot wy uy Nah Dunner T Contact tatonaaa Contant ap Compey Lan Nome Firit Neme Address i Rones Cookie Co Amon jean 7200 Main r m 2 National Dentistry Edsals Carmilla 103 fth St ll F ields Because this is a 3 Dog Care hc Smuth john 121 Tremont Ave x 4 j t m n h II relational database Aan ge mn ay ae Columns such as a faa a sae Wags ete street addresses are it contains tables TRONE DIM aai
178. ws 7 currently the most widely used version of Microsoft Windows was released during the 2009 holiday season The new operating system sup ports iPhone like touchscreen applications called Microsoft Surface an alter native to the computer mouse Thus if you download the software for it you can manipulate objects on the screen with your hands such as enlarge and shrink photos or navigate a city map by stroking the screen See Panel 3 17 next page Windows 7 is less power hungry than Vista boots up more quickly than previous Windows systems and has improved networking and security features It is used on desktops laptops notebooks and tablets Also with the addition of Windows Media Center you can turn your PC into a TV Windows 8 is expected to be released in 2012 Technology writers expect Windows 8 to move from the WIMP windows icons menus pointing devices generation to the MPG multitiouch physics and gestures generation of computing cur rently represented by Apple s OS X Lion operating system A problem for any version of Windows however is that it builds on the same core architecture that represents more than 20 years of legacies Some believe that Microsoft needs to do what Apple did when it introduced its Mac OS X in 2001 start over from scratch Although this risked alienating some Macintosh users since it forced them to buy new versions of their existing Mac applica tions software it also made the system less
179. you can specify whether it should be Times Roman Arial or Courier You can indicate whether the text should be say 10 points or 12 points in size and the headings should be 14 points or 16 points 10 point Times Roman 14 point Arial Black There are 72 points 6 picas in an inch You 16 point can specify what parts should be underlined Courier italic or boldface e You can choose whether you want the lines to be single spaced or double spaced or something else You can specify whether you want text to be one column like this page two columns like 60 point Arial many magazines and books or several columns like newspapers You can indicate the dimensions of the margins left right top and bottom around the text You can specify the text justification how the letters and words are spaced in each line To justify means to align text evenly between left and right margins as in most newspaper columns and the preceding two paragraphs To left justify means to align text evenly on the left Left justified text has a ragged right margin as do many business letters and this paragraph Centering centers each text line in the available white space between the left and right margins Word processing software allow you touse computers to among other things create format edit illustrate print and store documents Word processing allows users Green wavy line indicates a possible grammar error Choos

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