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GLE 3.3 User Manual

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1. Font pleg Plotter Complex Gothic 0 1 2 7 8 9 101111 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 d M l a da dus g n d AMA ay Eu S Pa E 4101 1 0112131415161718191 1 da E EIZIHIG IKK AMNZ O 2 VOAP t jay 6 y 1 ALE xV o a b I k L k Pp pis papas da Font plci Plotter Complex Ttalic o 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I7 18 19 aj Hd SES Rew p ET BR p E 3 31 UR sub A a1 1 1 0123456789 6 lt gt CIDEFGHIJKELMNO s P Q R WXYZ i ia b ic widie f ik lm To piqir s u vw lz z 0 a 121 122 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font pler Plotter Complex Roman 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14115 16 17 18 19 E E sP pipo Epi aA1 123021 1 111 1 1 0111213 4151617 819 MINIO A V s gt UJ e FT Q Fh c A E Font ples Plotter Complex Script Font pldr Plotter Duplex Roman 0011 2 3 5 6 7 8 9
2. Font pshbo PostScript Helvetica BoldOblique 0 1 213141516171819110111112 13 14115 16717 18719 0 2 1 8 4 0 12345 6 7 8 9 136 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font psho PostScript Helvetica Oblique oli 2l3l4l5 6 7 8 9 l 1 1211311415 16 17 18 19 0 2 8 01112131415 1617 819 pmxj yzitilij Font psncsb PostScript NewCenturySchlbk Bold 0111213 4 5 6 7 819110 1112113 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 1 4 9 amp 4 0123456789 Font psncsbi PostScript NewCenturySchlbk BoldlItalic 01112 3 14 516 7 8 9 110 11112113 14115 16 17 18 19 Me N gt Q a Font psncsi PostScript NewCenturySchlbk Italic 0 1 2 31 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I5 16 I7 18 19 0 2 4 4 191814 101112131415161718 9 lt N gt 138 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font psncsr PostScript NewCenturySchlbk Roman oli1
3. ilxlulz lli islellil gn ep Dr d dy aya Font plsg Plotter Simplex German 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 17 18 19 AR apes efe pa ER Fan q Pp a plot al n da 1 aaa aaa ala lalalala dp de ari oz al la 41 1 1 10 112135141 516171819 6 lt gt 2 A B HO I KIA MIN O sP 25 T T e X 4001 tl tls xl6 y mi iti k Xlulv onn p O T u x Y iQ a k jS gu eu E ll E ltd 126 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font plsr Plotter Simplex Roman 0O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A A EM Ue A l AE lili lili lg lle al 1 l8l4 1011121314516 71819 Font plss Plotter Simplex Script of 0p rp rb EP rn rb pep ep il lp eee gb vei a lxl4 1011121314151617 819 Font plsym1 Plotter Symbols one 01112 3 4 1516177 8 0911011112 13 14115 16 17 18 19 ofa a x Oe a 4 4 af EE 8 af al 4048 2 e di b l Ill d 4 109108 45 4 c l cf K 8 N I gt Z 1 it ee by si Q ep oe ce
4. size 17 17 box 18 24 box This is LOOP GLE shows programming examples amove 5 14 set just center hei 1 text Subroutines Loops set just left hei 7 set hei 9 First define a single neuron sub neuron xx yy amove xx yy begin scale 5 5 curve 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 curve 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 closepath end scale end sub Draw the neurons for xx 0 to 1 for i 1 to 6 Oneuron xx 6 2 1 241 2 next i next xx Draw the lines between them for i 1to6 for j ito 6 amove 3 i 2 1 aline 7 5 j 2 1 next j next i include ziptext gle amove 121 ziptext Hello amove 13 4 begin rotate 20 Oziptext Green trees end rotate sub ziptext tt gsave for i 1 to O step 05 set color i write tt rmove 05 025 next i set color white write tt grestore end sub loop gle ziptext gle 95 96 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES Joining named objects GRV 3 Cheese CHV Goats Hi there size 18 24 box This is JOIN GLE demonstrates the join commands set hei 3 amove 3 3 text join gle set hei 1 3 just center amove 9 21 text Joining named objects set hei 8 lwidth 1 amove 8 8 18 8 begin box name line rline 0 8 2 end box set lwidth 0 amove 9 67745 8 7603 begin box name cir nobox circle 1 end box circle 1 amove 12 7461 4 59445 begin box name hi add 2 text Hi there end box
5. Font rmb Roman Bold ol1 2 3l4151617 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 LI AS 0682 a 1 H 01 23 41567 8 9 Font rmi Roman Italic 0 T 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 I I gt 7 0 12 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Font ss San Serif 01112 3l415 16171819 1 11 12113114 15 16117 118 19 0 2 II WA a1 1 l31 1 1 101112131415 6 7 819 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font ssb San Serif Bold 0 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1611718 19 0 2 iz 968 4 4 012 3145617899 Font ssi San Serif Italic ol112 3l41516 17 819 H10 1112113114115 16 17 118 19 0 2 I 4 amp A41 191 l41 1 1 1 101112l31415 6 7 819 Font tt Typewriter 01112 3 4 1516177 8 0911011112 13 14115 16 17 181 19 0 2 rimiz igi a 1 lYlal l 10111213 4150617 8 9 Font ttb Typewriter Bo
6. odot A trianglez diamondz weircle A wtriangle wsquare wdiamond TT 78 A 2 Fonts font name Description rm Roman rmb Roman Bold rmi Roman Italic ss San Serif ssb San Serif Bold ssi San Serif Italic tt Typewriter ttb Typewriter Bold tti Typewriter Italic font name Description texcmb texcmex texcmitt texcmmi texcmr texcmss texcmssb texcmssi texcmsy texcmti texcmtt Computer Modern Bold Computer Modern Extensible Computer Modern Italic Typewriter Computer Modern Maths Italic Computer Modern Roman Computer Modern Sans Serif Computer Modern Sans Serif Bold Computer Modern Sans Serif Italic Computer Modern Symbol Computer Modern Text Italic Computer Modern Typewriter Text font name Description plba plec pleg plci pler ples pldr plge plgg plgi plsa plsg plsr plss plsym1 plsym2 plti pltr Block Ascii Complex Cartographic Complex Gothic Complex Italic Complex Roman Complex Script Duplex Roman Gothic English Gothic German Gothic Italian Simplex Ascii Simplex German Simplex Roman Simplex Script Symbols one Symbols two Triplex Italic Triplex Roman APPENDIX A TABLES A 2 FONTS font name Description psagb AvantGarde Book psagbo AvantGarde BookOblique psagd AvantGarde Demi psagdo AvantGarde DemiOblique psbd Bookman Demi psbdi Bookman Demiltalic psbl Bookman Light psbli Boo
7. Initial value for constant a 1 0 Initial value for constant b 1 0 Initial value for constant c 1 0 Initial value for constant d 1 0 0 evaluations 1 1 1 1 fit 1355 36 20 evaluations 1 97005 1 1 1 fit 1281 95 40 evaluations 1 97005 10 228 0 151285 1 fit 54 7694 60 evaluations 2 01053 10 228 0 151285 1 06365 fit 54 1771 440 evaluations 0 640525 2 81525 0 13997 1 13871 fit 0 940192 460 evaluations 0 638055 2 82934 0 140971 1 10502 fit 0 93842 480 evaluations 0 63808 2 82357 0 140993 1 10452 fit 0 938389 a 0 638262 b 2 81719 c 0 140722 d 1 11256 10 Iterations sum of squares devided by n 0 938389 y sin 0 638262 x 2 81719 0 140722 x 241 11256 y sin 0 638262 x 2 8171940 140722 x 1 11256 fit 0 938389 11 6 2 MANIP 57 6 2 Manip Manip is a data manipulation package It reads in a text file of numbers and displays them like a spreadsheet You can then do simple operations on the columns and write them out in any format you like 6 2 1 Usage MANIP infile dat recover step commands c log single size x y recover Manip logs everything you type to a file called MANIP_ J1 When you use the RECOVER option on the manip command it then reads keys from that file as if they were typed at the keyboard This will restore you to the point just before your pc crashed The last three journal files are stored j1 j2 j3 simply copy
8. Indented text amove set hei 49 22 5 25 dust tl font EE begin text width 4 This is my paragraph of text to see if it wraps things at four cm as I have told rit to do end text amove 5 5 set justify bl his is my paragraph of begin text text to see if it wraps Now some text without things as seul auo T have told it to do a width specified Now some text end text without a width grecified There are several IATpX like commands which can be used within text they are NU AV u X XN AH A N N x N char 22 chardef a hello def v hello movexy 2 3 glass rule 2 4 setfont rmb sethei 3 setstretch 2 lineskip 1 linegap 1 begin translate x y Implemented TeX accents Superscript Subscript Forced Newline Underscore character 5em em width of the letter m lem space 2em space Any character in current font Define a character as a macro Defines a macro Moves the current text point Makes move space work on beginning of line Draws a filled in box 2cm by 4cm Sets the current text font Sets the font height in cm Scales the quantity of glue between words Sets the default distance between lines of text Sets the minimum required gap between lines Everything between the begin and end is moved x units to the right and y units up bezier x1 yl z2 y2 z y Draws a B zier cubic section from the current point to th
9. se 012 34 56 1789 Font psc PostScript Courier oli12l3 41516 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 8 19 0 2 if s s al O 112 204 5 6 78 9 Font pscb PostScript Courier Bold 0O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14115 16 17 18 19 Font pscbo PostScript Courier BoldOblique 0 1 21 3l415 16 7 819 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 177 18 19 0 2 I I S Z 821 4 01121345061789 z 134 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font psco PostScript Courier Oblique 011 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I5 16 17 18 19 0 2 35 eg 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 j Font psh PostScript Helvetica olil2l13l14 5 6171819 10 1111211314 115116 17 18 19 0 2 8 a 1 0123456789 i Font pshb PostScript Helvetica Bold ol olslalsl6lzrlsl9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 LI ASE a 1 1012346561789
10. 5 6 Programming Loops The simple way to draw a 6 x 8 grid would be to use a whole mass of line commands amove 0 rline 0 amove 1 rline 1 O amove 6 rline 6 8 this would be laborious to type in and would become impossible to manage with several grids using a simple loop this can be avoided for x 0 to 6 amove x 0 rline x 8 next x for y 0 to 8 amove 0 y rline 6 y next y To draw lots of grids all of different dimensions a subroutine can be defined and then used again and again define the subroutine sub grid nx ny gsave begin origin for x 0 to nx amove x 0 aline x ny next x for y 0 to ny amove 0 y aline nx y next y end origin end sub now draw the grids wherever amove 2 4 grid 6 8 amove 2 2 grid 9 5 Now the main GLE file will be much easier to modify particularly if the subroutine definition is moved into a separate file size 10 10 include griddef gle amove 2 4 grid 2 4 amove 2 2 grid 9 5 54 CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED FEATURES OF GLE 5 7 Extended I O Functions Some standard I O function and macros are available fopen fclose fread freadln fwrite fwriteln e g fopen file dat inchan read fopen file out outchan vrite until feof inchan fread inchan xy z alinexy rlinexz fwriteln outchan x 2 y y next fclose inchan fclose outchan 5 8 Device dependend Control A built in function which returns a string describing the device is available e
11. C GLE gt psgle myfile C GLE gt print myfile ps The postscript drivers for GLE will automatically flip a picture to best fit onto the page e g a wide graph as defined by the size command at the top will be drawn in landscape mode and a tall thin graph will be drawn in portrait mode To produce an eps file on a VAX for inclusion in IATEX or WordPerfect you would type cgle myfile dev eps On a PC you would type C GLE gt psgle myfile eps this creates myfile eps not myfile ps WordPerfect can also understand a special file format which contains both an EPS file for printing to PostScript printers and a bitmap TIFF image for displaying on the screen GLE can create this sort of file with the command 5 2 DEVICE DRIVERS 47 C gt wpgle myfile This will create a file called MYFILE EPF which you can include into WordPerfect To include Postscript in a IATEX document use epsf sty of the DVIPS package Inside your IATEX document use epsffile to put it at the right place in a picture environment e g Ndocumentstyle 12pt epsf article begin picture 13 0 5 5 Vput 0 0 0 0 4 epsfclipon epsfxsize 6cm epsffile 60 170 560 740 myfile ps bounding box file name end picture Advanced features of epsf sty are described in TeX src dvips dvips tex The laser printer driver will draw all zero width lines 02cm wide for any line width equal to zero but if an lwidth is greater than zero and less tha
12. char 22 chardef a hello def v hello movexy 2 3 glass rule 2 4 setfont rmb sethei 3 setstretch 2 lineskip 1 linegap 1 Implemented TeX accents Superscript Subscript Forced Newline Underscore character bem em width of the letter m lem space 2em space Any character in current font Define a character as a macro Defines a macro Moves the current text point Makes move space work on beginning of line Draws a filled in box 2cm by 4cm Sets the current text font Sets the font height in cm Scales the quantity of glue between words Sets the default distance between lines of text Sets the minimum required gap between lines 84 Xibrack 8 L Vidag 8 a Nalpha 6 epsilon L v nu o sigma 7 X Vehi Y Ws gt eq 5 4 AP beta y gamma Weta n eta Mota kappa A Mambda xi pi tau v Vupsilon psi w Nomega V vartheta w Vvarpi varrho p varphi aleph ell Im prime top forall flat clubsuit spadesuit bigwedge bigcup bigotimes bigsqcup ointop bigtriangleup land cap dagger uplus bullet odot ominus pm setminus 0O D gt PSC C gt s yr lt d OS x times 1 imath wp partial Sos emptyset bot exists natural diamondsuit coprod biguplus prod bigoplus smallint triangleleft bigtriangledown vee cup Vsgcap amalg wr oslash oplu
13. Diamond postscript filename eps width exp height exp Includes an encapsulated postscript file into a GLE picture the postscript picture will be scaled up or down to fit the width given On the screen you will just see a rectangle Only the width erp is used to scale the picture so that the aspect ratio is maintained The height is only used to display a rectangle of the right size on the screen rbezier z y1 22 y2 z y This command is identical to the BEZIER command except that the points are all relative to the current point 18 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES amove 5 2 8 rbezier 11 2 1 31 amove 2 2 rbezier 11 2 1 2 1 8 0 return exp The return command is used inside subroutines to return a value reverse Reverses the direction of the current path This is used when filling multiple paths in order that the Non Zero Winding Rule will know which part of the path is inside With the Non Zero Winding Rule an imaginary line is drawn through the object Every time a line of the object crosses it from left to right one is added to the counter every time a line of the object crosses it from right to left one is subtracted from the counter Everywhere the counter is non zero is considered to be the inside of the drawing and is filled Ld rline z y arrow end arrow start arrow both Draws a line from the current point to the relative coordinates x y which then become the new current point
14. En a gt 2 1 f l a R m G o els isiq N e IK o a Ej gt E 5 o o a gt ES s No gt R o LU y Q gt e t oq ERE a I x gt e A l 4 o 2L le ta am a O A ee s Q lt v gt o K v n 3 8 o a oo e APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font texcmmi TEXComputer Modern Maths Italic 0111213 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14115 16 17 18 19 ol DAJO AEI XYP VN al Biyi elin ole Font texcmr TEXComputer Modern Roman 0 1 2 3 4 15 6 74 8 9 10 11112 13 14115 16 17 18 19 1 m 2 Il 6 ele g ERO 1 4 8 amp Font texcmss TEXComputer Modern Sans Serif 01112 1314 516 7 8 9 1011112 13 14115 16117 18719 ol XV O ff fi fl ffi fffl i j l X y 2 7 FII TT T TT TT TP ee F Font texcmssb TEX Computer Modern Sans Serif Bold 0 1 21 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 177 18 19 o FAG GA THXT OV Q ff fi fl ffi ffl 1j 118 Font texcmssi APPENDIX D FONTTABLES TEXComputer Modern Sans Serif Italic 10 11 12 14 15 16
15. NOHIDDEN BASE XSTEP v YSTEP v LSTYLE 7 COLOR c NOHIDDEN RIGHT ZSTEP v XSTEP v LSTYLE 1 COLOR c NOHIDDEN SKIRT ON POINTS myfile dat MARKER circle HEI v COLOR c DROPLINES RISELINES COLOR c LSTYLE n ZCLIP MIN v MAX v2 65 66 CHAPTER 7 SURFACE 7 1 1 Surface Commands size z y Specifies the size in cm to draw the surface The 3d cube will fit inside this box The default is 18cm x 18cm e g SIZE 10 10 cube OFF XLEN v YLEN v ZLEN v NOFRONT LSTYLE 71 COLOR c Surface is drawing a 3d cube OFF Stops GLE from drawing the cube XLEN The length of the cubes x dimension in cm NOFRONT Removes the front three lines of the cube LSTYLE Sets the line style to use drawing the cube COLOR Sets the color of lines to use drawing the cube begin surface size 10 10 data jack z cube zlen 5 end surface SS lt gt s lt lt gt ss o LOS LSS lt gt ss 27 PA El A Ss Z 2 22 12 S28 PILL LIS 57727 7 I RS Y Q NS KZ 22 ARA K 5 KS LY DATA it myfile z XSAMPLE n1 YSAMPLE n2 SAMPLE n3 NX n1 NY n2 Loads a file of Z values in The NX and NY dimensions are optional normally the dimensions of the data will be defined on the first line of the data file e g NX 10 NY 20 XMIN 1 XMAX 10 YMIN 1 YMAX 20 1242452314324 124245231432 4 etc 1
16. etc set Istyle line style set lwidth line width sub sub name paramter1 paramter2 etc text unquoted text string write string 2 2 GRAPHICS PRIMITIVES IN DETAIL 11 2 2 Graphics Primitives in detail comment Indicates the start of a comment GLE ignores everything from the exclamation point to the end of the line Oxzxx Executes subroutine zzz aline x y arrow start arrow end arrow both Draws a line from the current point to the absolute coordinates z y which then becomes the new current point The arrow qualifiers are optional they draw arrows at the start or end of the line the size of the arrow is proportional to the current font height amove T y Changes the current point to the absolute coordinates x y arc radius al a2 Draws an arc of a circle in the anti clockwise direction centered at the current point of radius radius starting at angle a1 and finishing at angle a2 Angles are specified in degrees Zero degrees is at three o clock and Ninety degrees is at twelve o clock arc 1 2 20 45 The command narc is identical but draws the arc in the clockwise direction This is important when constructing a path amove 5 5 rline 1 5 arrow end arc 1 10 160 arc 5 90 0 ON arcto z1 yl x2 y2 rad Draws a line from the current point to r1 y1 then to 72 2 but fits an arc of radius rad joining the two vectors instead of a vertex at the point x1 y1 amove 1 5 5 rline
17. exp1 to exp2 step exp3 command next var The for next structure lets you repeat a block of statements a number of times GLE sets var equal to 1 and then repeats the following steps e If var is greater than exp2 then GLE commands are skipped until the line after the next statement e The value ezp3 is added to var e The statements between the for and next statement are executed If exp1 is greater than exp2 then the loop is not executed for xx 1 to 4 step 5 amove xx 1 aline 5 xx 2 m n grestore Restores the most recently saved graphics state This is the simplest way to restore compli cated transformations such as rotations and translations It must be paired with a previous gsave command gsave Saves the current graphics transformation matrix and the current point and the current colour font etc if expression then command else command end if If expression evaluates to true then execution continues with the statements up to the cor responding else otherwise the statements following the else and up to the corresponding end if are executed amove 3 3 if xpos 3 then text We are at x 3 else text We are elsewhere end if Note end if is not spelt endif 2 2 GRAPHICS PRIMITIVES IN DETAIL 17 include filename The commands in filename are read just as if they were in the current GLE file With a large include file GLE may run out of memory If this happens use the
18. size 6 3 begin graph size 6 3 data tut dat yaxis min 0 dl line marker star msize 2 end graph dn bigfile all dat xc yc marker mname line The bigfile option allows a dataset to be read as it is drawn rather than being complete read into memory before it is drawn this means that very large datasets can be drawn on a PC without running out of memory The axis minimum and maximum must be specified using the command xaxis min exp max exp By default the first two columns of the data file will be read in but other columns may be specified E g all dat 3 2 would read x values from column 3 and y values from column 2 Or to read the 4th dataset specify the file as all dat 1 5 If the x column is specified as 0 then GLE will generate the x data points E g 1 2 3 4 5 Bigfile also accepts variables in place of the file name e g xxx test dat 2 3 di bigfile xxx The AUTOSCALE option pre reads the file to scale the axis which is slow but sometimes required e g di bifile a dat line autoscale Many but not all of the normal dn commands can be used with the bigfile command E g marker Istyle xmin xmax ymin ymax color and lwidth You cannot use commands like let or bar with the bigfile command 28 CHAPTER 3 THE GRAPH MODULE dn err d5 errwidth width exp dn errup nn errdown d4 For drawing error bars on a graph The error bars can be specified as an absolute value as a percent
19. 1 y1 x2 1 y2 x1 y2 x2 y2 xn yn x1 yn x2 yn xn 7 1 SURFACE PRIMITIVES 67 Data files can be created using LETZ or FITZ LETZ will create a data file from an x y function FITZ will create a data file from a list of x y z data points XSAMPLE Tells surface to only read every n th data point from the data file This speeds things up while you are messing around see also POINTS YSAMPLE Tells surface to only read every n th line from the data file SAMPLE Sets both XSAMPLE and YSAMPLE begin surface size 5 5 xtitle Xaxis ytitle Yaxis data surfl z end surface harray n The hidden line removal is accomplished with the help of an array of heights which record the current horizon the quality of the output is proportional to the width of this array also the speed of output To get good quality you may want to increase this from the default of about 900 to 2 or 3 thousand e g HARRAY 2000 xlines off Stops SURF from drawing lines of constant X YLINES OFF Stops SURF from drawing lines of constant Y 68 XAXIS MIN v MAX v STEP v COLOR c 1 LSTYLE 1 HEI v OFF ZAXIS MIN v MAX v STEP v COLOR ce LSTYLE 1 HEI v OFF YAXIS MIN v MAX v STEP v COLOR c LSTYLE 7 HEI v OFF MIN MAX Set the range used for labelling the axis STEP The distance between labels on the axis COLOR The color of the axis ticks and labels LSTYLE The line style use
20. peje3oi TaTaz 0 9 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 5 4 6 3 7 2 8 1 3 3 BAR GRAPHS 33 3 3 Bar Graphs Drawing a bar graph is a subcommand of the normal graph module This allows bar and line graphs to be mixed The bar command is quite complex as it allows a great deal of flexibility The same command allows stacked overlapping and grouped bars For stacked bars use separate bar commands as in the first example below bar di fill black bar d2 from di fill grey10 For grouped bars put all the datasets in a list on a single bar command bar di d2 d3 fill grey10 grey40 black Bean stalk data begin graph nobox size 6 5 5 title Bean stalk data xtitle Year measured ytitle Height of stalk xaxis min 85 max 91 dticks 1 yaxis min max 6 data gc_bean dat bar dl d2 d3 fill grey10 grey40 black end graph Height of stalk w 2 89 90 91 Year measured bar dz dist spacing Specifies the distance between bars in dataset s dx The distance is measured from the left hand side of one bar to the left hand side of the next bar A distance of less than the width of a bar results in the bars overlapping 34 CHAPTER 3 THE GRAPH MODULE bar dz from dy This sets the starting point of each bar in datasets dx to be at the value in datasets dy and is used for creating stacked bar charts Each layer of the bar chart is created with an additional bar command bar di d2 bar d3
21. t5 16 17 18 19 0 2 13512 amp A 4 Dr uu s ge 6 lt gt CD EF GH J KIEL IMINIO s PQRIS T V XIYIZI 1 1 141 a b c o dieif gh ik limmnopqirisTiIu V v 2 x y z t 129 130 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font psagd PostScript AvantGarde Demi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 I WEA A 131 4 0123456789 Font psagdo PostScript AvantGarde DemiOblique 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 8 a 0123456789 x U lt N gt Q o Font psbd PostScript Bookman Demi 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I7 18 19 0 2 4 85 8 4 PF 1 geile 01234567 89 Font psbdi PostScript Bookman Demiltalic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14115 1617718719 0 2 18 5968 4 0123456789 132 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font psbli PostScript Bookman LightItalic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 1 amp 4
22. this is where the cube gets smaller as the lines dissappear towards infinity x and y are the position of infinity on your screen p is the degree of perspective 0 no perspective and with 1 the back edge of the box will be touching infinitiy Good values are between 0 and 0 6 begin surface View point size 5 5 data surfl z zaxis min 1 rotate 85 85 0 view 0 5 7 end surface TOP OFF LSTYLE n COLOR c Sets the features of the top of the surface By default the top is on see also UNDERNEATH XLINES YLINES UNDERNEATH OFF LSTYLE n COLOR cl Sets the features of the under side of the surface By default the underneath is off see also TOP XLINES YLINES BACK ZSTEP v YSTEP v LSTYLE COLOR c NOHIDDEN Draws a grid on the back face of the cube By default hidden lines are removed but NOHIDDEN will stop this from happenning BASE XSTEP v YSTEP v LSTYLE 7 COLOR c NOHIDDEN Draws a grid on the base of the cube By default hidden lines are removed but NOHIDDEN will stop this from happenning RIGHT ZSTEP v XSTEP v LSTYLE 1 COLOR c NOHIDDEN Draws a grid on the right face of the cube By default hidden lines are removed but NOHIDDEN will stop this from happenning SKIRT ON Draws a skirt from the edge of the surface to ZMIN begin surface size 5 5 data surfl z zaxis min 1 max 3 xtitle Xaxis ztitle Zaxis points surf3 dat riselines lstyle 2 marker fcircle Sk
23. 1 0 set lwidth 1 arcto 2 0 1l 1 5 set lwidth O0 rline 1 1 begin block name end block name There are several block structured commands in GLE Each begin must have a matching end Blocks which change the current graphics state e g scale rotate clip etc will restore whatever they change at the end of the block Indentation is optional but should be used to make the GLE program easier to read 12 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES begin box fill pattern add gap nobox name xyz Draws a box around everything between begin box and end box The option add adds a margin of margin cm to each side of the box to make the box slightly larger than the area defined by the graphics primitives in the begin box end box group to leave a gap around text for example The option nobox stops the box outline from being drawn The name option saves the coordinates of the box for later use with the join command amove 1 1 begin box add l begin box fill grey10 add 1 text John end box text John Jonn end box begin clip This saves the current clipping region A clipping region is an arbitrary path made from lines and curves which defines the area on which drawing can occur This is used to undo the effect of a clipping region defined with the begin path command See the example CLIP GLE in appendix B at the end of the manual begin origin This makes the current point the origin This is good for subroutines or something wh
24. 17 18 19 ff fi ffi ffi I z Font texcmsy 0 1 4 TEXComputer Modern Symbol 11 12 13 14 19 O III IN IU IA IV LA IY U N 12 gt C2 El lt gt Z lt G 2 Font texcmti TEXComputer Modern Text Italic 0O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14115 16 17 18 19 ol PAOA EMET 6 vf if fifi j F 2 T Y z h I DIL DI II IIII I Font texcmtt TEXComputer Modern Typewriter Text o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 o PAG A ETN E T 8e Y OQ T 1 il 113 n n il g E CE u ilik 917 amp a 3 83 yc 01 12 3245 6 7 8 9 120 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font plba Plotter Block Ascii 0 1 2 3 4 15 6 7 8 9110 11112113 14115 16 17 18 19 ol 2 Dl H 4 1 D 2 2 8 3 2 2 02 0 P DI o ES G N oon Y e Font plec Plotter Complex Cartographic
25. 5 5 ci 1 to 100 step 5 5 times P GEN 1 2 3 5 5 ci missing values included Functions Calculations can be performed on rows or columns eg Z C1 C2 3 R where R stands for row number and Cl and C2 are columns They can also be performed on ROWS eg ri sin r2 1ogi0 c ci cell c i r cell c 2 r cell 1 3 33 3 3 4xCOS PI 180 7 3 1 30 C1 R Valid operators and functions m lt gt lt gt lt gt AND 208 ABS ATNC COSC EXP FIX INT LOG LOG10 SGN SINC SQR TAN NOT RND SQRT NE EQ LT GT LE GE NOT AND OR 64 QUIT Abandon file SHELL Gives access to DOS CHAPTER 6 GLE UTILITIES Chapter 7 SURFACE 7 1 Surface primitives SURFace plots 3 dimensional data using a wire frame with hidden line removal The simplist SURFACE file would look like this BEGIN SURFACE DATA myfile z 5 5 END SURFACE More help is available on the following topics SIZE x y CUBE OFF XLEN v YLEN v ZLEN v NOFRONT LSTYLE COLOR cl DATA mufile z XSAMPLE ni YSAMPLE n2 SAMPLE n3 NX n1 NY n2 HARRAY n XLINES YLINES OFF XAXIS YAXIS ZAXIS MIN v MAX v STEP v COLOR c LSTYLE 1 HEI v OFF XTITLE YTITLE ZTITLE title DIST v COLOR c HEI v TITLE Main title DIST v COLOR c HEI v ROTATE 0 VIEW x y p TOP UNDERNEATH OFF LSTYLE n COLOR c BACK ZSTEP v YSTEP v LSTYLE COLOR c
26. DOS Version of GLE Axel Rohde has compiled a 32bit DOS version of GLE in 1994 email rohdeGphysik uni kiel d400 de On any 386 or better machine this version of GLE should run without problems it s main features are these 1 No 640K memory restrictions 2 Much faster 1 4 32BIT DOS VERSION OF GLE 3 Properties of GLE 32 All programs are running in the 386 protected mode and therefore there is neither a limited 640kB adress range nor a 64kB segmentation 32 bit programs are running faster than their 16 bit counterparts There exists a multitude of GRX graphics drivers e g for TSENG ET4000 W32 S3 85144 Cirrus Logic GD 542x Trident 8900 Diamond Viper ATI Ultra ATI VGA and EGA These drivers are highly configureable and can use flicker free high resolution modes Installation Quick guide 1 FTP the binary distribution ftp tui marc cri nz cd pub gle gle32 binary mget gle32bi zip 2 Unzip them keeping the directory structure cd pkunzip gle32bi1 zip d pkunzip gle32bi2 zip d pkunzip gle32bi3 zip d pkunzip gle32bi4 zip d pkunzip gle32bi5 zip d pkunzip gle32bi6 zip d 3 Edit the batch file which tells gle where to find it s fonts and also what sort of graphics card you have edit setgle32 bat change the disk and directory as appropriate 4 Run the batch script setgle32 5 Try out the new version gle_vga 6 Note most of the programs have been renamed to avoid conflicts To avoid name conf
27. GLE is cgle myfile gle cgle myfile gle dev regis cgle myfile gle dev x See the directory CGLE EXAMPLES for examples and templates To get access to these files from the GLE menus use the commands define workarea sys login cgle_examples set default workarea cgle stack4b gle or any other example If your keyboard doesn t have the function keys F9 thru F14 you can use GOLD PF1 followed by the numbers 9 0 1 2 3 4 on the top of the QWERTYUIOP keypad Keyboard Mappings VT100 VT200 PC Meaning GOLD 1 F11 F1 Help GOLD 2 F12 F2 Save GOLD 3 F13 F3 Load GOLD 4 F14 F4 Save as GOLD 9 F9 F9 Graph menu GOLD 0 F10 F10 Draw it Control Z Control Z Control Z Exit Escape Alt X Exit Escape Control E Control E Calls VAX EDT Control F Control F Toggle fast slov text Control R Control R F5 Shows errors Control S Shells to DOS Supported devices VT100 REGIS VT125 VT240 TEK4010 VWS XWindows Supported output PostScript HPGL Epson Epson 24pin HP Deskjet To create a PostScript output file PS and automatically print it to the LASER queue you would type cgle myfile print 1 6 IT DIDN T WORK BUGS 5 To produce an eps file for inclusion in TATPX you would type cgle myfile dev eps To produce a ps file suitable for printing to a laser writer type cgle myfile dev ps The DCL symbol GLE NOCONTROLD should be set to TRUE to kill t
28. POS Can appear anywhere except on the start of a line which defines a new dataset e g begin key OFFSET 2 3 HEI 2 text abc NOBOX NOBOX text abc this line is NOT valid end key 4 2 KEY SYNTAX 41 The commands which relate to a single dataset or line of the key TEXT MARKER MSIZE MSCALE COLOR FILL LSTYLE LINE LWIDTH Must appear together on a line but any one of them can start the line e g begin key marker circle text abc lstyle 2 lstyle 2 marker square end key So you usually put the global commands first and then one line for each line in the key e g begin key nobox pos tl hei 5 global commands marker circle text The circles marker square lstyle 1 text The squares end key 42 CHAPTER 4 THE KEY MODULE Chapter 5 Advanced features of GLE This chapter covers the advanced features of GLE Some of these features will not give exactly the same results on the PC screen as you would get when printing to a PostScript printer E g clipping to an arbitrary shape is only implemented in the PostScript driver but most other features will give as close as possible representation given the limitations of the screen 5 1 Colour Internally GLE treats colour and fill identically they are simply an intensity of Red Green and Blue Each of the predefined colour names yellow grey20 orange red simply define the ratio of red green and blue There are two ways to use variables to show colour one i
29. amove 3 14401 17 0566 begin box name grv add 2 text GRV end box amove 14 9533 12 2986 begin box name chv add 2 text CHV end box amove 12 5179 17 6103 begin box name cheese add 2 text Cheese end box amove 2 7381 11 229 begin box name goats add 2 text Goats end box I Now draw the lines between objects join chv goats join grv gt line h Note h means to join horizontally join line h lt gt cheese tl join cheese tr chv tr join cir ci lt hi Note ci is used for circles join cir ci lt chv join cir ci lt goats A pie slice Will only work on PostScript it uses BEGIN PATH FILL sub pie angi ang2 radius color begin path fill color stroke rmove 0 0 arc radius angi ang2 closepath end path end sub amove 3 2 pie 0 10 2 grey10 pie 10 40 2 grey20 pie 40 120 2 blue join gle 98 clip gle CARA NOS APPENDIX B EXAMPLES N NN x ra K X uM ll NN i uuu size 18 24 This is CLIP GLE sets up an arbitrary clipping region set hei 3 NOTE CLIPPING ONLY WORKS ON POSTSCRIPT DEVICES amove 2 3 3 So this won t work on the pc screen text clip gle set hei 10 amove 2 2 begin clip Save default clipping region begin path clip Set up the clipping region text GLE end path gsave amove 2 2 text www Draw some text which will be clipped for i 1 to 90 Draw some lines which will be cli
30. end graph 30 CHAPTER 3 THE GRAPH MODULE If the xaxis is a LOG axis then the step option is read as the number of steps to produce rather than the size of each step NOTE The spacing around the sign and the lack of spaces inside the expres sion are necessary nobox This removes the outer border from the graph size x y Defines the size of the graph in cm This is the size of the outside box of a graph The default size of the axes of the graph will be 70 of this see vscale and hscale This command is required title title hei ch hei color col font font dist cm This command gives the graph a centred title The list of optional keywords specifies features of it The dist command is used for moving the title up or down vscale exp This sets the width of the axis relative to the width of the graph For example with a 10cm wide graph and a vscale of 6 the x axis would be 6cm long A setting of 1 0 makes the xaxis the same length as the width of the graph which is useful for positioning some graphs The default value is 0 7 x2labels on This command activates the numbering of the x2axis There is a corresponding command y2axis on which will activate y2axis numbering xaxis yaxis x2axis y2axis A graph is considered to have four axes The normal xaxis and yaxis as well as the top axis x2axis and the right axis y2axis Any command defining an xaxis setting will also define
31. go save don t set the environment go32 at all This will use the normal flickering VGA mode on a VGA compatible adapter 106 1 2 3 4 5 APPENDIX C GLE32 RESTRICTIONS and BUGS The vector fonts of the 32 bit version are NOT compatible to their 16 bit counterparts They may be compatible to fonts that were created under other 32 bit operating systems The on line help of gle_vga is usable but may sometimes look different compared to the original Makefmt and fbuild are missing DJGPP s Library lacks ecvt Both programs are used to calculate vector fonts in the Unix version from the source distribution Both programs are NOT included in the 16 bit DOS version too This package includes all allready calculated fonts from the Unix source distribution They were calculated under Linux a free Unix implementation for i386 PC s and higher Since a fev months there exists an archive with my patches at the ftp sites sunsite unc edu and nic funet fi to compile GLE 3 3b under Linux The DVI drivers are not testet I use Ghostscript or HP2XX for printing and converting Both programs are freely avaiable Gle_ps and gle_hpgl run properly Surface surf_vga hanged under unknown circumstances while loading one data file surf_vga can be stopped by pressing Control Pause If this happens load the data file into an editor save it and try it again Access to the DJGPP patches for the Source 1 11 release th
32. point with a circle instead of a star See appendix A for a list of other marker names A smooth line can be drawn between the data points by changing the d1 command to di line smooth The order of the commands is not important except that circle is a parameter for the qualifier marker and therefore must come straight after it E g di marker circle line smooth color blue Tut Graph Two size 6 3 begin graph size 6 3 title Tut Graph Two data tut dat dl line smooth end graph It is simple to change to a bar graph and include last year s measurements begin graph size 6 3 xaxis min max 6 yaxis min 0 max 15 data tut dat data tut2 dat bar dl d2 fill greyl0 grey90 end graph Adding min and max values on the axis commands is highly recommended because by default GLE won t start from y 0 unless the data happens to be very close to zero It is also impossible to compare graphs unless they all have the same axis ranges CHAPTER 1 GLE TUTORIAL Chapter 2 GLE Primitives A GLE command is a sequence of keywords and values separated by white space one or more spaces or tabs Each command must begin on a new line Keywords may not be abbreviated the case is not significant All coordinates are expressed in centimetres from the bottom left corner of the page GLE uses the concept of a current point which most commands use For example the command aline 2 3 will draw a line from the curren
33. see p E e 8 lt w xw mm Ale v plx F fe 10 712 Als Ble lols A Fle 6 lo Cleo 2 TP tp ey Ot H F x mi lt gt lt gt aras X t zil al s l i y as Font plsym2 Plotter Symbols two 0 1 213141516171819110 11112 13 14115 1617118719 o lddusnd silaey yVvi do 4 GB 2 f 4 Q 9 dol h SY BICI ix QO THAI RUP er 6 e 8 e 8 lt lela lols 9 elo xikia y s B x IRI LINIA Tr S NSS N O miz V 10 X lalola de H o 0 EME uN fietel eeel eee Eee 127 128 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font plti Plotter Triplex Italic 01112 1314 15 617178 9110 11112113 14115 16 17 18 19 0 7 i Font pltr Plotter Triplex Roman Font psagb PostScript AvantGarde Book o 1 2 3 a 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 SIS a 1 14 101112 3 4 5 61718 9 lt gt CDEFGHI JIK LI MNO s IPIQIRISIT WXYIZI jN I abic dlelfigih ilkilimnlolpiq risiT Uu V VV x yz l Font psagbo PostScript AvantGarde BookOblique o 2 s a 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
34. takes a file of x y z data points and fits a grid of z values Having created a data file of the correct sort CONTOUR will ask for a list of values to contour at you can enter a list of values e g 1 2 3 4 5 5 or you can enter a range and step size e g 1 3 5 which would generate 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 You are then asked if you want the lines labeled with the letters A Z or by the actual numbers Then you are asked for a file name to write output to If you give the name XYZ then CONTOUR will create xyz gle The gle file to draw the contour plot xyz dat The data file containing the contour lines xyzlab A gle include file which labels the graph xyz key A gle include file which draws a key Then wait while the contours are calculated this takes some time even on a fast PC e g 10 seconds on 33Mhz 386 The exact time will depend on the number of points and number of contour lines you are using 75 7 4 CONTOUR 10 OKHIHIHEHSHEHEHDHCHB Al B 12 C 14 D 16 E 18 2 F G 22 H 24 26 28 K 3 76 CHAPTER 7 SURFACE Appendix A Tables A 1 Markers circle triangle square diamond fcircle ftriangle fsquare fdiamond dot Cross club heart star snake dag i ddag asterisk oplus ominus amp otimes
35. that setting for the x2axis The secondary axes x2 and y2 can be modified individually by starting the axis command with the name of that axis E g size 6 3 xtitle Xaxis hei 3 ytitle Yaxis hei 3 x2title X2axis hei 3 y2title Y2axis hei 3 x2ticks length 6 end graph p i TT Yaxis Y2axis Xaxis xaxis color col font font name hei exp cm lwidth exp cm These axis qualifiers affect the colour lstyle lwidth and font used for drawing the xaxis and the x2axis These can be overriden with more specific commands E g xticks color blue would override the axis colour when drawing the ticks The subticks would also be blue as they pick up tick settings by default xaxis dsubticks sub distance See xaxis nticks below xaxis grid This command makes the xaxis ticks long enough to reach the x2axis and the yaxis ticks long enough to reach the y2axis When used with both the x and y axes this produces a grid over the graph Use the xticks Istyle command to create a faint grid 3 2 GRAPH COMMANDS IN DETAIL 31 xaxis log Draws the axis in logarithmic style and scales the data logarithmically to match on the x2axis or y2axis it does not affect the data only the way the ticks and labelling are drawn Be aware that a straight line should become curved when drawn on a log graph This will only happen if you have enough points or have used the smooth option xaxis min low max high dpoints n Sets
36. the one you want to j1 to use it step Used with recover press a space for each key you want to read from the journal file press any other key to stop reading the journal commands filename man This reads the commands in filename man as if they were typed at the keyboard single This makes MANIP use single precision arithmetic and doesn t store strings at all this enables three times as much data in the same amount of memory size z y Sets the initial size of the spreadsheet Use this with large datasets as it prevents the heap from becoming fragmented and thus lets you use much larger datasets Range Most manip commands accept a range as one or more of there parameters A range is a rectangular section of your spreadsheet A range can ether start with a c or an r and this will affect how the command operates If your spreadsheet has 5 columns and 10 rows then ci cicirir10 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 ri rlrlclc5 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 1 2 c1c2r1r10 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 rir2c3 rir2c3c5 3 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 5 2 58 CHAPTER 6 GLE UTILITIES Arrows The arrow keys normally move the data cursor however if you are half way thru typing a command then the left and right arrow keys allow you to edit the command Use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys to recall your last command SHIFT arrow keys will jump 7 cells at a time for fast movement Further help is available on the following to
37. 10 11 12 13 14115 16 17 18 19 ofi H 14 Dd Spaa MALA kd h A al gi If CAT BA A al 1 1 41 1 1 10 11213141 5 617 819 6 lt gt AIBICIDIEIF GIH L I JIKILIMIN IO sP QR S U VVVX YIZIL rn d b c o d e f g i ilkilimnlolpiq risif uu vw 2 x y z lz V Ll s pn ARE exp RE creo ard Font plge Plotter Gothic English 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I5 16 17 18 19 gul AM SAS q RIQ n n z TT tu E SE IO gx y AB a BA els 6 lt gt 20ABCD F065B33IRIMNO s 0 R 5 TUA Wwa Z 1 abr l e fig tk lmnloplqristuuvw mix y z t 3180 1 1 1 f fT tp tp T T T T I 124 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font plgg Plotter Gothic German 01112 1314 15 6171 8 9110 11112113 14 15 16 17 18 19 B grep II A A RA Font plgi Plotter Gothic Ttalian A II V ini Q N Q TQ o S H C Bg D O Font plsa Plotter Simplex Ascii oll ililill illi poa E E d P d L gd 2 i 1 aj d L H LH i af af o i Zig a x 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 6 lt gt 2 8 A B C DJE F SH JIKILIMINIO
38. 213 14 5 61718 9 l10 1 12 13 14 15 6 17 18 19 0 2 I amp A 1 1 0123 4 56789 Font pspb PostScript Palatino Bold 0111213 415 6 7 819110 1112113 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 I 06 10111213141516171819 Font pspbi PostScript Palatino BoldlItalic ol iolslals l6 7 8 9 10 1112 13 1ilib 16 I7 18119 0 2 pi 65 4 56 E ze 10101123145617189 i Font pspi PostScript Palatino Italic 01112 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 13 14 15 16117 18 19 0 2 LH 006 41 1 1 141 1 00111213141516171819 140 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font pspr PostScript Palatino Roman 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 F amp a1 lil l l 011 2 3 4 51617 8 9 Font pssym PostSeript Symbol olil21314 5 6171819 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 I 18 19 o 2 NV H l alch el S 0 99 4 56 9 819 Font pstb PostScript
39. 28 marker 28 msize 28 nomiss 29 smooth 29 xmax 29 xmin 29 ymax 29 ymin 29 DOS 1 32bit 2 dpoints 31 drivers 43 droplines 70 dsubticks 31 dticks 31 else 16 Encapsulated PostScript 2 5 46 end if 16 end path 12 EPS 2 5 46 EPSON 43 error bars see dn err 28 errors 5 example data file 27 exit 60 expressions 22 fclose 54 files 6 27 fill color 36 xmax 36 xmin 36 ymax 36 ymin 36 fill patterns 43 filling 43 filling areas 36 fit 60 Fitls 55 fitz 73 flipping 46 font 19 font line width 19 font title 30 font examples 80 fontlwidth 19 INDEX fonts 78 fopen 54 for 16 53 fread 54 freadin 54 fullsize 29 Functions 63 functions 23 82 fwrite 54 fwriteln 54 generate 63 GLE32 GRX 45 SVGA 45 GO32 45 goto 61 graphing 25 graphing functions 29 greek characters 13 grestore 16 grid 30 gsave 16 harray 67 horizontal error bars 28 hp2xx 48 HPGL 47 converter 48 hscale 29 if 16 include 17 include bigfile 14 insert 61 io functions 54 join 17 join set join 19 joining 50 justify box 15 justify join 17 justify set 20 justify text 13 Dim cR key 28 hei 29 nobox 29 offset 29 pos 29 key module 39 key module color 40 fill 40 hei 40 Istyle 40 marker 40 mscale 40 msize 40 INDEX offset 40 position 40 text 40 LaserJet 43 let 29 let order
40. 29 sort 61 step 16 57 stroke 12 stroking 52 148 font 31 hei 31 xlines 67 xnames 31 xoffset 35 xplaces 32 xpos 23 xside 32 color 32 Iwidth 32 xsubticks 32 length 32 Istyle 32 Iwidth 32 off 32 xticks 32 length 32 Istyle 32 Iwidth 32 off 32 xtitle 32 68 color 32 dist 32 font 32 hei 32 y2axis see xaxis 30 y2side see xside 32 y2title rotate 32 yaxis 68 yaxis see xaxis 30 yend 23 yg 23 ylines 67 ynames see xnames 31 yoffset 35 ypos 23 yside see xside 32 yticks see xticks 32 ytitle 68 ytitle see xtitle 32 zaxis 68 zclip 70 ztitle 68 INDEX
41. 36 line 28 line width 47 line width graphs 37 lineskip 14 load 61 log 31 logging 63 loops 53 Istyle graph lines 28 Istyle set 20 lwidth 47 Iwidth graph lines 28 Iwidth graphs 37 Manip 57 Arrows 58 Range 57 usage 57 marker 17 28 70 markers 77 mathchar 14 mathchardef 14 mathcode 14 missing 27 28 mitre 19 move 61 movexy 14 name box 12 15 name join 17 name point 18 negate 32 new 61 next 16 noborder 30 nobox 12 15 30 nofirst 31 nolast 31 nomiss 29 nticks 31 parsum 63 path 12 paths 52 PC Bitmap Driver 48 PC screen driver 44 pens 47 plotter pens 47 plotters 43 points 70 postscript 17 PostScript driver 46 147 PostScript EPS WordPerfect 46 printers 43 printing 4 46 propagate 63 quit 64 radius 15 rbezier 17 recover 57 return 18 reverse 18 right 69 riselines 70 rline 18 rmove 18 rotate 12 68 rotate y2title 32 round 19 round cap 18 round join 19 save 18 60 scale 13 scale hscale 29 scale marker 17 set cap 18 color 19 dashlen 19 font 19 fontlwidth 19 hei 19 join 19 just 20 Istyle 20 Iwidth 20 set between 62 set coltype 62 set colwidth 62 set digits 63 set dpoints 62 set ncol 62 set size 62 set width 63 setfont 14 sethei 14 setstretch 14 shell 64 single 57 size 30 66 size z y 57 skirt 69 smooth 29 smoothm
42. ATA C2 you can then enter data and pressing jcrj will move you to the next valid data position In this mode text or numbers can be entered Press ESC to get back to command mode FIT c3 EXIT FIT C3 will fit a least squares regression line to the data in columns c3 and c4 x values taken from c3 and print out the results EXIT saves the data in your input file spec and exits to DOS You can optionally specify an output file as well eg 2 EXIT myfile dat The command EXIT myfile dat c3c5rir3 will write out that range of numbers to the file By default manip will write columns seperated by spaces The command EXIT myfile dat TAB will put a single tab between each column of num bers and EXIT myfile dat COMMA will put a comma and a space between each number these two options are usefull if your data file is very big and you don t want to waste diskspace with the space characters Note The settings stay in effect for future saves and exits You can make it line up the columns on the decimal point by typing in the command SET DPOINTS 3 You change the width of each column or completely remove the spaces between columns with the command SET WIDTH 10 or set width 0 You can change the number of significant digits displayed with the command SET DIGITS 4 SAVE myfile dat Saves all or part of your data The command SAVE myfile dat c3c5rir3 will write out that range of numbers to the file 6 2 MANIP 61 B
43. COLTYPE EXP column number missed out Would print out 1 2e02 1 2e02 1 2e02 SET NCOL n Set the number of columns to display e g 4 SET NCOL 3 SET DPOINTS n Sets the number of decimal places to print This is used for producing columns which line up on the decimal point e g with DPOINTS 3 2 2 gt 2 200 234 234 000 See also SET COLTYPE 6 2 MANIP 63 SET DIGITS n Sets the number of significat digits to be displayed e g with DIGITS 3 123456 becomes 123000 0 12345 becomes 0 123 SET WIDTH n Sets the width of padding to use for the columns when they are written to a file The columns usually one space wider than this setting as the BETWEEN string is usually set to one space by default LOGGING For creating command files e g LOG sin man 4 c2 sin c1 4 c3 c2 2 close Then type in sin to execute these commands PROPAGATE source destination This command has the same format as move The difference is that the source is coppied as many times as possible to fill up the destination e g 2 PROP cirir7 c2 SUM range Adds up all the numbers in a range and displays the total and average e g 2 SUM C1C3 PARSUM range1 range2 Adds up one coloumn putting the partial sum s into another coloumn e g 1 2 3 4 becomes 1 3 6 10 GENERATE pattern destination For generating a patter of data e g 1122551 122 5 5 etc 4 GEN 2 1 2 5 30 c4 11 1 225 5 repeated 30 times 4 GEN 1 100
44. DIX D FONTTABLES Index 11 IXTpX 14 83 macros 83 ATEX inserting graphs 46 3d bar notop 35 offset 35 side 35 top 35 add 12 aline 11 aline closepath 15 amove 11 amove origin 12 angle 12 arc 11 arcto 11 arrow 11 18 arrow join 50 back 69 bar color 34 dist 33 fill 34 from 34 width 34 bar graphs 33 bar graphs 3d 35 base 69 baselineskip 14 begin box 12 clip 12 origin 12 path 12 rotate 12 scale 13 table 13 text 13 text single line 20 translate 14 bevel 19 bezier 14 bezier rbezier 17 bigfile 14 bigfile dataset 27 Bitmap Driver 49 145 BLANK 61 border 30 box 15 bugs 5 char 14 character size 19 chardef 14 circle 15 clear 61 clip 12 52 clipping 52 closepath 15 color graph lines 28 color title 30 color variables 43 colour variables 43 commands 57 contour 74 copy 60 curve 15 data 6 27 60 66 data example file 27 data order 36 decimal points 31 def 14 define marker 15 delete 60 DeskJet 43 device control 54 Device Drivers DVIPRINT 49 fonts 49 HPGL Driver 47 PC Bitmap Driver 48 PC screen driver 44 PC SVGA 45 PostScript 46 TEK4010 47 device drivers 43 Device Printer fonts 50 diagrams 50 dn 28 bigfile 27 color 28 err 28 errdown 28 146 errup 28 errwidth 28 herr 28 herrleft 28 herrright 28 herrwidth 28 key 28 line 28 Istyle 28 lwidth
45. E onal PO x ON a eu gs XALLA 1 1 4 32bit D O Version of GLE ii aaa AA LEER eee eee k 2 15 Running GLE on a VAX a Sd ee ae o O SUN 4 1 6 work bugs uscar wam eee bb ee a a RA 5 1 7 Drawing a Line Ona Page c k ARGS A OR ER e ea a a 5 18 Drawing a Simple Graph 6 2 GLE Primitives 9 2 1 Graphics Primitives a summary eA 10 2 2 Graphics Primitives in detail o o e ee 11 2 9 EXPLCSSIONS zoe de n aoe ce e AA EA aa eere da o 22 2 4 Functions Inside Expressions a 23 3 The Graph Module 25 8 1 Graph Commands a summary 26 8 2 Graph Commands in detail o a 27 3 9 Bar Graphs y dich oot oh ee Unde de do 3 Rus oe Ra AL at at e 33 3A 3D Bar Graphis iio oe d si RU Y wi SAW 35 3 5 Filling Between Lines leen 36 3 6 Notes on Drawing Graphs eee rn 36 3 6 1 Importance of Order 36 9 0 27 Dine Width na A RARE S ER 37 4 The KEY module 39 4 1 Key Commands ea a l EE Rk AAA aad Ssn d b 40 K eyssyptak rasa A e ha us A eed s 40 5 Advanced features of GLE 43 Del Goloit e maa a ua a a a Ee Z Z Bae es 43 5 2 Device Drivers pg ex lege aa bb bb bad ae WOW Rs 44 5 21 PC Screen Drivers icon cee ee SoHE Wake y eee Ee 44 5 2 2 GO32 GRX Screen Driver 45 5 2 0 PostScript Driver
46. GLE 3 3 User Manual C Pugmire Extended Version St M Mundt 2 10 October 2000 Physical Sciences Information Technology Group Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Lower Hutt New Zealand IsrehcxpQgrv dsir govt nz stefan pstv biophys uni duesseldorf de Trademark Acknowledgements The following trademarks are used in this manual VAX MS DOS MS WIN WORD DJGPP GO32 GRX BCC2GRX TEX 1 PKUNZIP WordPerfect PostScript EPSON HPGL HP2XX Digital Equipment Corporation Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation D J Delorie GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE dto see the files in the directory gle32 go32 doc Csaba Biegl GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Hartmut Schirmer GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Donald E Knuth A Typesetting System Leslie Lamport A Document Preparation System Data decompression software from PKWARE Inc WordPerfect Corporation Page Description Language Adobe Systems Inc Seiko Epson Corporation Hewlett Packard Heinz Werntges GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE i Contents Preface v Abstfadt I ctc sss mmm d SU zi O LA ac dide S v Typographic Conventions al ee ee aaa a Ys v Pathwayst ugue neges weh eme ep gd dede O R S A Robe du eqq Rs vi 1 GLE Tutorial 1 11 GLE Installation ona PC 1 AN NAAA E aaa m RAR AN pad g ai di d d y sa A BZ A UR 1 13 Running GL
47. If the current point is 5 5 then rline 3 2 is equivalent to aline 8 3 The optional qualifiers on the end of the command will draw arrows at one or both ends of the line the size of the arrow head is proportional to the current font size rmove x y Changes the current point to the relative coordinate x y If the current point is 5 5 then rmove 3 2 is equivalent to amove 8 3 save objectname This command saves a point for later use with the join command set cap butt round square Defines what happens at the end of a wide line 852 ob 0s BS 2 2 GRAPHICS PRIMITIVES IN DETAIL 19 set color col Sets the current colour for all future drawing operations There are several pre defined colours which can be specified by name black white red green blue cyan magenta yellow grey10 grey20 grey90 shadel shaded grid1 grid It is also possible to specify a grey scale as an expression with 0 0 black and 1 0 white mm green amove 5 5 for c 0 to 1 step 05 box 2 2 fill c nobox rmove 2 0 next c amove 2 1 box 2 1 fill white nobox rmove 2 2 box 2 1 fill mm set dashlen dashlen exp Sets the length of the smallest dash used for the line styles This command MUST come before the set Istyle command This may be needed when scaling a drawing by a large factor set font font name Sets the current font to font name Valid font names ar
48. LaserJet Printers GLE runs on both VAXes and PCs giving an identical user interface on both platforms Typographic Conventions The following conventions will be used in command descriptions option Specifies an optional keyword or parameter the brackets should not be typed option1 option2 Pick one of the options listed keyword Keywords are represented in a bold typewriter font erp x y x1 y1 Represent numbers or expressions E g 2 2 or 2 5 Parameters to be entered by the user are given in italics vi CONTENTS Pathways For those in a hurry 1 Read chapter 1 GLE Tutorial beginners only 2 Examine the examples at the end of the manual 3 Browse through Chapter 3 The Graph Module 4 Read the notes in Chapter 5 on your planned output device For those with time Chapter 1 GLE Tutorial Covers installation and drawing a simple graph highly recom mended if you have never used GLE before Chapter 2 GLE Primitives A detailed description of the commands used for creating slides and annotating graphs Chapter 3 The Graph Module A detailed description of the commands for drawing graphs Chapter 4 The Key Module This is for producing keys for graphs Skip this section until you actually want to draw a key Chapter 5 Advanced features of GLE Covers programming filling and clipping The individual device drivers are also described in this section Chapter 6 GLE Utilities Describes FITLS and MANI
49. P Chapter 7 SURFACE A detailed description of the commands drawing three dimensional graphs Examples Have a look through these to get an idea of what GLE can do Most of these are included on the distribution disk and can be used as templates Chapter 1 GLE Tutorial 1 1 GLE Installation on a PC To install GLE put the distribution disk into drive a and type a install GLE requires at least 800K of disk space for a minimal installation and 3 3M for a full installation including all device drivers and fonts GLE also requires 530K or more of free memory Use the DOS command CHKDSK to check this figure If you don t have enough then take copies of your AUTOEXEC BAT and CONFIG SYS files and then remove as much as possible from these files GLE may work with less memory depending on what you are drawing The installation disk contains a version of CGLE which will make use of epanded memory This version can run with 70K less memory but if you don t have expanded memory then it has to use your hard disk instead which is a great deal slower 1 2 Running GLE To get GLE running interactively you must be on a VAXstation graphics terminal or PC If you are using a PC you should make certain you have an up to date copy of GLE ask via VAX mail to GRV SRGHCXP or InterNET srghcxp grv dsir govt nz 1 3 Running GLE on a PC The command to run GLE is C GLE gt cgle myfile gle 2 CHAPTER 1 GLE TUTORIAL Note the comma
50. Times Bold 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I7 18 19 0 2 1 F ok 4 01234 4156105899 Font pstbi PostScript Times BoldItalic 0 1 213141516171819110111112 13 14115 1617 18719 0 2 1 5 4 1 F 0 1234 5617 89 5 142 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font psti PostScript Times Italic oli 2l3l4l5 6 7 8 9 l 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 1 121 4 4 0111213141516171819 Font pstr PostScript Times Roman oli 2l3al4ls 6 7 S 9 l 11 1211311415 16 17 18 19 0 2 LI amp 4 l 0112314 5617 89 Font pszcmi PostScript ZapfChancery Mediumltalic 0 1 2131418161718109 110111112 13114115 16117 18 19 0 2 00 dur cp Pe a l0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Font pszd PostScript ZapfDingbats 0 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 s we SK ox ok K ok 3 He HE ck K 144 APPEN
51. age of the y value or as a dataset The up and down error bars can be specified separately e g d3 err 1 d3 err 10 d3 errup 10 errdown d2 d3 err di errvidth 2 Trial of Error Bars begin graph 30 size 6 3 35 title Trial of Error Bars yaxis min 0 max 30 20 D 2 EP dn lstyle 2 msize 1 5 15 ES E s 4 dl marker circle errup 305 i Pi 2 errdown 1 10 i 1 d2 marker fsquare err 30 5 5s E as R errvidth 1 R T g Um end graph A thr Ac BV 14 BS 68 281 09 dO dn herr d5 herrwidth width exp dn herrleft nn errright d4 These commands are identical to the error bar commands above except that they will draw bars in the horizontal plane dn key Dataset title If a dataset is given a title like this a key will be drawn Use the key command below after hscale to set the size and position of the key Use the key module Chapter 4 to draw more complex keys dn line This tells GLE to draw lines between the points of the dataset By default GLE will not draw lines or markers this is often the reason for a blank graph If a dataset has missing values GLE will not draw a line to the next real value which leaves a gap in the curve To avoid this behavior simply use the nomiss qualifier on the dn command used to define the line This simply throws away missing values so that lines are drawn from the last real value to the next real value dn Istyle line style Iwidth line width color col T
52. and the DJGPP compiled executables are running with the 32 bit DOS extender GO32 GLE32 was compiled using Borland C compatible libraries for text and graphics modes and some filesystem calls There exists for the DJGPP specific graphics library GRX from Csaba Biegl a emulation library called BCCGRX from Hartmut Schirmer to replace calls of the Borland Graphics Interface BGI with GRX calls Hartmut has implemented the mouse functionality too with GRX calls In the example on the following lines the progams are installed in the directory d gle32 the fonts are in d gle32 fonts GLE 32 searches for its vector fonts in the directory GLE_TOP Don t forget the trailing slash In addition to this GL32FONT points to the directory where the bitmap fonts you can see them in the status line of the preview can be found The directory with the DOS Extender GO32 and if there s no numeric prozessor installed the co prozessor emulator must be in the path environment set GLE_TOP d gle32 set gle32font d gle32 grxfont path your normal path d gle go32 driver d gle32 driver vesa_s3 grn gw 1024 gh 768 tw 80 th 25 nc 256 The configuration of graphics drivers is a little bit more complicated Please study the documen tation of the Libraries GRX und BCCGRX and the README of GO32 in their directories The environment GO32 sets den path name and the mode of the driver an This example installs the driver for an 3 graphics board with a res
53. asks you for a range of x and y values generate z values for The range is given as minimum maximum stepsize e g 1 3 5 would produce 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 Use SURF to draw the surface on the screen and see the finished product FITZ Data file conaining x y z data TESTF DAT Read 5 points from file testf dat Will write data to testf z Number of points to use for contouring each point 3 Range of output x values 1 2 6 666667e 02 1 2 05 Range of output y values 1 2 6 666667e 02 1 2 05 nx 21 ny 21 Work space iwk 2384 bytes wk 160 bytes Y 1 1 05 1 1 1 15 1 2 1 25 1 3 1 35 1 4 1 45 1 5 1 55 1 6 1 65 1 7 1 75 1 8 1 85 1 9 1 95 2 Now use TESTF Z as your data file for SURFACE begin surface size 5 5 data fitzl z xaxis step 1 hei 2 yaxis step 1 hei 2 zaxis step 5 hei 2 zaxis min 0 max 2 points fitzl dat droplines lstyle 1 marker circle view 2 5 3 3 end surface 74 CHAPTER 7 SURFACE 7 4 CONTOUR This utility produces a graph with contour lines For input you give it grid of z values in a file the x and y values are assumed e g a 4x3 grid of points would look like this nx 4 ny 3 xmin 0 xmax 0 xmax 6 ymax 0 ymax 10 1 1 1 RNE RNE erer This defines the points 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 0 5 1 2 5 2 4 5 2 6 5 1 0 10 1 2 10 1 4 10 1 6 10 1 You would normally generate this file using the utility LETZ or FITZ LETZ takes an x y function and produces a grid of z values FITZ
54. bigfile command instead of include Note there is also a bigfile option in the graphing module join object1 just sep object2 just Draws a line between two named objects An object is simply a point or a box which was given a name when it was drawn The justify qualifiers are the standard GLE justification abbreviations e g TL top left see set just for details If sep is written as a line is drawn between the named objects e g join fred tr mary tl Arrow heads can be included at both ends of the line by writing sep as lt gt Single arrow heads are produced by lt and gt Note that sep must be separated from object1 just and object2 just by white space If the justification qualifiers are omitted a line will be drawn between the centres of the two objects clipped at the edges of the rectangles which define the objects See Chapter 5 for an example of joining objects marker marker name scale factor Draws marker marker name at the current point The size of the marker is proportional to the current font size scaled by the value of scale factor if present Markers are referred to by name eg square diamond triangle and fcircle Markers beginning with the letter f are usually filled variants Markers beginning with w are filled with white so lines are not visible through the marker For a complete list of markers refer to Appendix A 1 line 1 1 marker diamond 1 rmove 6 4 set font rm hei 7 text Diamond
55. ce of the axis labels but not the axis title xnames name name This command replaces the numeric labelling with absolutely anything Given data consisting of five measurements taken from Monday to Friday one per day then xaxis min O max 6 dticks 1 xnames Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri would give the desired result Note it is essential to define a specific axis minimum maximum dticks etc otherwise the labels may not correspond to the data If there isn t enough room on the line for all the names then simply use an extra xnames command 32 CHAPTER 3 THE GRAPH MODULE xplaces pos pos2 pos This is similar to the xnames command but it specifies a list of points which should be labelled This allows labelling which isn t equally spaced The above example with days of the week could be written like this xplaces 1 2 5 xplaces 7 xnames Mon Tue Fri Sun If there isn t enough room on the line for all the names then simply use an extra xplaces command begin graph Place amp Name size 6 3 xtitle ordered by places i ytitle weight gain id title Names amp Places xaxis min 0 max 6 dticks 1 uw xplaces 012534 ou xnames Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat vend yaxis min 0 max 20 nofirst Da data test dat dl marker square color blue d2 marker triangle color red d2 err 10 errwidth 5 end graph Mon Tue Wed Fri Sat Thu ordered by places xs
56. d fe 74 A Tables 77 Ar T Marker essed mano a G e ies 7 77 A2 bs da de det ante Cal Q ak he de erbe Bo a 3 ge des ded 78 Add Bunctions nq uoo dri Ra cocoa ka a a ho Lo oda us Anes temm 5 TE SS 82 A 4 1 Macros and Symbols 83 B Examples 85 A Single Graph ursus A eee AR ds Akku say eee ell da qe 87 Stack of Two Graphs ER 2 3 3 Saree A 88 Stack ot Four Graphs ocio a eee SADE EE REO ee EP 90 shadow Gtaplie ira g SAA Bee tau A ee RE Ae aa a Bl 92 Loop Subroutines 2 2 2 Ld Ja ates ee RR RG Pur pas s 94 Joining Objects ws 6 Bas a aoe ens e vd Be Ble wea ak ewe eo ae Ha hee 96 Clipping 2 mes tt ep er A A 98 Wall References o ra AS BE s Dkk ee eee Gay wee eee Dale ag 2 S ta 101 C GLE32 103 D Fonttables 109 CONTENTS Abstract GLE is a high quality graphics package for scientists combining a user friendly interface with a full range of facilities for producing publication quality graphs diagrams posters and slides GLE provides IATEX quality fonts together with a flexible graphics module which allows the user to specify any feature of a graph down to the line width of the subticks for example Complex pictures can be drawn with user defined subroutines and simple looping structures Current device drivers support DECWINDOWS REGIS TEK4010 all PC graphics cards VT100s HP Plotters PostScript Printers EPSON Printers and
57. d for drawing the ticks TICKLEN The length of the ticks HEI The height of text used for labelling OFF Stops GLE from drawing the axis begin surface size 5 5 data surfl z zaxis min 1 max 3 base xstep 5 ystep back ystep 1 zstep 1 right xstep 5 zstep lt 3 c3 xtitle Xaxis hei ytitle Yaxis hei end surface s 5 lstyle 2 XTITLE X title DIST v COLOR c HEI vl YTITLE Y title DIST v COLOR c HEI v ZTITLE Z title DIST v COLOR c HEI v DIST Moves the title further away from the axis COLOR Sets the color of the title HEI Sets the hei in cm of the text used for the title TITLE Main title DIST v COLOR c HEI vl DIST Moves the title further away from the axis COLOR Sets the color of the title HEI Sets the hei in cm of the text used for the title ROTATE 0 x Imagine the unit cube is sitting on the front of your terminal screen x along the bottom y up the left hand side and z coming towards you The first number 10 rotates the cube along the xaxis ie hold the right hand side of the cube and rotate your hand clockwise 10 degrees The second number 20 rotates the cube along the yaxis ie hold the top of the cube and rotate it 20 degrees clockwise The third number is currently ignored The default setting is 60 50 0 CHAPTER 7 SURFACE ROTATE 10 20 30 7 1 SURFACE PRIMITIVES VIEW xy p 69 Sets the perspective
58. d4 from di d2 bar d5 d6 from d3 d4 Note 1 It is important that the values in d3 and d4 are greater than the values in d1 and d2 Note 2 Data files for stacked bar graphs should not have missing values replace the character with the number on its left in the data file Bean stalk data begin graph nobox size 6 5 5 title Bean stalk data xtitle Year measured ytitle Height of stalk xaxis min 85 max 91 dticks 1 yaxis min max 6 data gc_bean dat bar dl fill black bar d2 from dl fill greyl0 end graph o a Height of stalk N w o a o 87 88 89 90 91 Year measured bar dn width zunits fill col color col The rest of the bar qualifiers are fairly self explanatory When several datasets are specified separate them with commas with no spaces between commas bar di d2 width 0 2 dist 0 2 fill grey10 grey20 color red green 3 4 3D BAR GRAPHS 35 3 4 3D Bar Graphs 3d Bar graphs are now supported the commands are bar di d2 3d 5 3 side red green notop bar d3 d4 3d 5 3 side red green top black white Take note of comma s bar dz 3d xoffset yoffset side color list top color list notop 3d zoffset yoffset Specifies the x and y vector used to draw the receding lines they are defined as fractions of the width of the bar A negative xoffset will draw the 3d bar on the left side of the bar instead of the right hand side side color list The color of the side o
59. devices e g HARDCOPY PS left exp characters of str rest of str starting at exp str from exp1 to exp2 string representation of exp as above but with no spaces value of the string str position of str2 in str1 from exp the length of str Function Name Returns ABS exp absolute value of expression ATN exp arctan COS exp cosine EXP exp exponent FIX exp exp rounded towards 0 INT exp integer part of exp LOG exp log to base e of exp LOG10 exp log to base 10 of exp SGN exp returns 1 if exp is positive 1 if exp is negative SIN exp sine of exp SQR exp exp squared TAN exp tangent of exp NOT exp logical not of exp RND exp random number from seed exp SQRT exp square root of exp Function Name Returns XEND YEND XPOS YPOS TWIDTH str THEIGHT str TDEPTH str XG xexp YG yexp the x end point of a text string when drawn the y end point of a text string when drawn the current x point the current y point the width of str assuming current font size the height of str assuming current font size the depth of str assuming current the font size converts units of last graph to abs cm converts units of last graph to abs cm A 4 IATpX MACROS AND SYMBOLS 83 A 4 BIEX Macros and Symbols There are several IATpX like commands which can be used within text they are NA Aw Au v V N MH N N TU N X Ni
60. e listed in Appendix A 2 There are three types of font PostScript INTEX and Plotter They will all work on any device however IATEX fonts are drawn in outline on a plotter and so may not look very nice PostScript fonts will be emulated by IATEX fonts on non PostScript printers set fontlwidth line width This sets the width of lines to be used to draw the stroked Plotter fonts on a PostScript printer This has a great effect on their appearance set font pltr amove 2 2 text Tester set fontlwidth 1 set cap round rmove 0 1 5 set hei character size Sets the height of text For historical reasons concerning lead type and printing conventions a height of 10cm actually results in capital letters about 6 5cm tall set join mitre round bevel Defines how two wide lines will be joined together With mitre the outside edges of the join are extended to a point and then chopped off at a certain distance from the intersection of the two lines With round a curve is drawn between the outside edges lt lt 20 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES set just left center right tl etc Sets the justification which will be used for text commands amove 5 3 Tustify left set just left box 1 5 6 m text Justify left rmove 2 0 set just bl le GG rc box 1 5 6 text Justify bl bl bc br set Istyle line style Sets the current line style to line style number line
61. e point x3 y3 with B zier cubic control points at the coordinates 11 y1 and 12 y2 For a full explanation of B zier curves see the PostScript Language Reference Manual bigfile filename gle This command reads the file one line at a time compiles each line and executes it This means it can read any sized file However complex multi line commands cannot be used Subroutines can be used but not defined inside the bigfile Note there is also a bigfile option in the graphing module for large datasets 2 2 GRAPHICS PRIMITIVES IN DETAIL 15 box z y justify jtype fill color name xxx nobox Draws a box of width x and height y with its bottom left corner at the current point If the justify option is used the box will be positioned relative to the specified point E g T L top left CC center center BL bottom left CENTRE bottom centre RIGHT bottom right LEFT bottom left See set just for a description of justification settings If a fill pattern is specified the box will be filled Remember that white fill is different from no fill pattern white fill will erase anything that was inside the box circle radius fill pattern Draws a circle at the current point with radius radius If a fill pattern is specified the circle will be filled closepath Joins the beginning of a line to the end of a line Le it does an aline to the end of the last amove curve iz iy x1 yl xy xy xn yn er ey Draws a curv
62. e starting at the current point and passing through the points x1 y1 xn yn with an initial slope of iz iy to 11 1 and a final slope of ex ey All the vectors are relative movements from the vector before amove 1 1 curve 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 10 amove 3 6 1 curve 0 10 1100 1 0 1 define marker markername subroutine name This defines a new marker called markername which will call the subroutine subroutine name whenever it is used It passes two parameters the first is the requested size of the marker and the second is a value from a secondary dataset which can be used to vary size or rotation Of a marker for each point plotted To define a character from the postscript ZapDingbats font as a marker you would use e g sub subnamex size mdata gsave save font and x y set just left font pszd hei size t char 102 rmove twidth t 2 theight t 2 Centers marker write t grestore restores font and x y end sub The second parameter can be supplied using the MDATA command when drawing a graph this gives the marker subroutine a value from another dataset to use to draw the marker For example the marker could vary in size or angle with every one plotted d3 MARKER myname MDATA d4 16 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES define markername fontname scale dx dy This command defines a new marker from any font it is automatically centered but can be adjusted using dx dy e g defmarker hand pszd 43 1 0 0 for var
63. em in the near future after contacting Chris Pugmire You need a fixed version of Hartmut Schirmers BCC2GRX library to properly compile gle_vga and surf_vga This will be released soon Postscript Documentation The complete Postscript documentaion is in the directory gle32 postscri doc I made diff files to patch them in a Ghostscript printable state For further information take a look into the file gle32 postscri doc readme pat The patch utility from the 1 11 release of DJGPP is included in this package 107 LEGAL STUFF Copyright holders are GLE unknovn to me take a look into the original documentation in the directory gle32 gle doc and ask Chris Pugmire DJGPP and G032 D J Delorie GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE and GNU PUBLIC LICENSE see the files in the directory gle32 go32 doc GRX Csaba Biegl GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE see gle32 driver doc grx doc BCC2GRX Hartmut Schirmer GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE see gle32 driver doc bccgrx doc MS DOS Microsoft Corporation if you haven t guessed DJGPP GRX and BCC2GRX are available from many ftp sites For examples see the file gle32 driver doc bccgrx doc LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT S FREE GLE 32 AND ITS ASSOCIATED UTILITIES ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE These program
64. erntges is another way to get various pix map format output HP2XX has been ported successfully for Unix OS 2 DOS Amiga Atari VMS and AXP HP2XX has many controling options In the current version it is able to write the following formats mf cad em epic eps pcl pex pic img pbm pre uis HP2XX is available via anonymous FTP at ftp rz uni duesseldorf de For further information ask Heinz Internet werntges clio rz uni duesseldorf de 5 2 6 PC Bitmap Drivers GLE supports the EPSON 8 and 24 pin and HP deskjet laserjet printers To support bitmap de vices which require a large amount of memory GLE first writes a device independent file OUT DVI then the appropriate bitmap driver for your printer will read the OUT DVI file and create a bitmap which it then prints to LPT1 C gt dvigle myfile produces OUT DVI C gt dviepson creates bitmap and prints to LPT1 The output options are C gt dviepson Standard EPSON printers C gt dviep24 24 Pin EPSON printers 180dpi C gt dvilj HP Laser jet Desk jet 150 dpi C gt dvilj300 HP Laser jet Desk jet 300 dpi C gt dviprint dpj HP PaintJet printers C gt dviprint dsx Sixel graphics driver The high resolution drivers dviep24 dvilj300 are significantly slower than the low resolution drivers so would only be used for final output See the file AAREADME GLE for the latest information on drivers 5 2 DEVICE DRIVERS 49 5 2 7 DVIPRINT All available bitmap d
65. et number e g d3 marker diamond For each xaxis command there is a corresponding yaxis y2axis and x2axis command for setting the top left and right hand axes These commands are not explicitly mentioned in the following descriptions 25 26 CHAPTER 3 3 1 Graph Commands a summary data filename 141 d2 d3 d1 c1 c3 dn bigfile all dat xc yc marker mname line dn bigfile zxz autoscale dn err d5 errwidth width exp errup nn errdown d4 dn herr d5 herrwidth width exp herrleft nn errright d4 dn key Dataset title dn line dn Istyle line style Iwidth line width color col dn marker marker name msize marker size mdata dn dn nomiss dn smooth smoothm dn xmin z low xmax z high ymin y low ymax y high fullsize hscale exp key pos tl nobox hei exp offset zezp yexp let ds exp from low to high step exp nobox size z y title title hei ch hei color col font font dist cm vscale exp x2labels on xaxis yaxis x2axis y2axis xaxis color col font font name hei exp cm lwidth exp cm xaxis dsubticks sub distance xaxis grid xaxis log xaxis min low max high dpoints n xaxis nofirst nolast xaxis nticks number dticks distance xaxis off xaxis shift cm exp xlabels font font name hei char het color col xnames name name xplaces pos pos2 pos xside color col lwidth line width off xsubticks style num lwidth exp length exp off xticks style num lwidth exp lengt
66. f each of the bars in the group top color list The color of the top part of the bar notop Turns off the top part of the bar use this if you have a stacked bar graph so you only need sides on the lower parts of each stack begin graph nobox 6 size 6 5 5 title Bean stalk data xtitle Year measured ytitle Height of stalk xaxis min 85 max 91 dticks 1 yaxis min max 6 data gc_bean dat bar d1 d2 d3 3d 1 5 1 3 side red blue green top yellov yellov greyl0 end graph Bean stalk data Height of stalk N M 85 86 87 88 89 90 Year measured Note You won t see the color of the side or top on the pc screen 36 CHAPTER 3 THE GRAPH MODULE 3 5 Filling Between Lines fill x1 d3 color green xmin val xmax val Fills between the xaxis and a dataset use the optional xmin xmax ymin ymax qualifiers to clip the filling to a smaller region fill d4 x2 color blue ymin val ymax val This command fills from a dataset to the x2axis fill d2 d4 color green xmin val xmax val This command fills between two datasets fill d4 color green xmin val xmax val This command treats the dataset as a polygon and fills it The dataset should be a closed polygon Shading areas of the graph fill d2 x2 color grey40 fill x1 d1 color grey10 xmin 85 xmax 88 fill x1 d1 color grey90 xmin 88 xmax 91 3 6 Notes on Drawing Graphs 3 6 1 Importance of Order Most of the graph commands can appear in any order but in
67. g DEVICE HARDCOPY PS on the postscript driver This can be used to use particular fonts etc on appropriate devices E g if pos device PS 1 gt 0 then set font psncsb end if Chapter 6 GLE Utilities 6 1 Fitls The FITLS utility allows an equation with n unknown constants to be fitted to experimental data For example to fit a simple least squares regression line to a set of points you would give FITLS the equation a x b FITLS would then solve the equation to find the best values for the constants a and b FITLS can work with non linear equations it will ask for initial values for the parameters so that a solution around those initial guesses will be found FITLS writes out a GLE file containing commands to draw the data points and the equation it has fitted to them Here is a sample FITLS session fitls Input data file x and y columns optional test dat 1 2 fitls dat Loading data from file fitls dat xcolumn 1 ycolumn 2 Valid operators x power Valid functions abs atnO cosO expO fixO intQ logO 10g10 notO rndO sgnO sinO sqrO sgrt tan Enter a function of x using constants a z e g a b x standard linear least squares fit sin x a b a b x c x 2 d x 3 log a x b x c a Equation sin a x b c x 2 d Nclearpage Output file name to write gle file fitls gle 55 56 CHAPTER 6 GLE UTILITIES Precision of fit required 1e 4
68. gw 1024 gh 768 tw 80 th 25 nc 256 The configuration of graphics drivers is a little bit more complicated Please study the documentation of the Libraries GRX und BCCGRX and the README of G032 in their directories The environment G032 sets den path name and the mode of the driver an This example installs the driver for an S3 graphics board vitha resolution of 1024 horizontal 768 vertical pixels and 256 colors There s a second vay to install a graphics mode If the environment variables GLE32WIDTH GLES2HEIGHT and GLE32COLORS are set the graphics mode in the G032 variable is overridden You still have to specify a driver in the G032 environment set GLE32WIDTH 800 set GLE32HEIGHT 600 set GLE32COLORS 16 There s a prepared batch file setgle32 bat to set all the environment variables in the directory gle32 To figure out which modes are supported try to run the program modetest in the directory gle32 driver doc WARNING A wrong installed graphics mode can DESTROY your MONITOR and or graphics board if the refresh rate is too high USE THIS ON YOUR OWN RISK You should take a look into the manuals of your monitor and your graphics adapter to figure out which horizontal frequencies are supported If the horizontal frequency of the monitor is 64 kHz or higher you MAY feel save MY Monitor has a horizontal frequency of 64 kHz and supports a resolution of 1024x768 with a refresh rate up to 80Hz If you want to
69. h exp off xtitle title hei ch Aei color col font font dist cm y2title text string rotate yaxis negate bar dz dist spacing bar dz from dy bar dn width zunits fill coL color col fill x1 d3 color green xmin val xmax val fill d4 x2 color blue ymin val ymax val fill d2 d4 color green xmin val xmax val fill d4 color green xmin val xmax val THE GRAPH MODULE 3 2 GRAPH COMMANDS IN DETAIL 27 3 2 Graph Commands in detail data filename 141 d2 d3 d1 c1 c3 Specifies the name of a file to read data from By default the data will be read into the next free datasets unless the optional specific dataset names are specified A dataset consists of a series of X Y coordinates and has a name based on the letter d and a number between 1 and 99 e g d1 or d4 Up to 99 datasets may be defined From a file with 3 columns the command data xx dat would read the first and second columns as the x and y values for dataset 1 d1 and the first and third columns as the x and y values for dataset 2 d2 The next data command would use dataset 3 d3 A data file for two datasets looks like this missing value L2 C38 2 5 3 7 8 7 4 9 4 The first coordinate of dataset d1 would then be 1 2 7 and the first coordinate of dataset d2 would be 1 3 The option d3 c2 c3 allows particular columns of data to be read into a dataset d3 would read x values from column 2 and y values from column 3
70. he D on vms systems If you set the DCL symbol GLE_EDITOR to TPU then you will get TPU instead of EDT when you press E 1 6 It didn t work bugs If the installation fails or one of the example GLE files fails to work then the most likely reason is a shortage of memory due to too many memory resident programs drivers To fix this remove these utilities from your autoexec bat and config sys files temporarily There may well be a bug in your GLE file try using the trace option to find the bug On a PC C GLE gt psgle myfile trace On a VAX cgle myfile dev ps trace Another reason for a failure is a bug in GLE Please report bugs to Chris Pugmire Internet srehcxpQgrv dsir govt nz grv srghcxp so they can be fixed If possible try and find a way of repeating the problem then send relevant GLE and data files with an outline of what is wrong 1 7 Drawing a Line on a Page Let s start with drawing a line on the page GLE has to know what size piece of paper you are working with You can tell it by giving a size command size 18 27 This specifies a piece of paper 18cm wide and 27cm high Now you must define a current point by moving to somewhere on the page amove 2 4 The origin 0 0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the page Now suppose we wish to draw a line from this point across 1 cm and up 2 cm size 18 27 amove 2 4 rline i 2 6 CHAPTER 1 GLE TUTORIAL That was a relative movement as the x and y val
71. hese qualifiers are all fairly self explanatory See the Istyle command in Chapter 2 for details of specifying line styles dn marker marker name msize marker size mdata dn Specifies the marker to be used for the dataset There is a set of pre defined markers refer to Appendix A 1 for a list which can be specified by name e g circle square triangle diamond cross Markers can also be a user defined subroutine See the define marker command in Chapter 2 The mdata option allows a secondary dataset to be defined which will be used to pass another parameter to the marker subroutine this allows each marker to be drawn at a different angle size or colour The msize qualifier sets the marker size for that dataset The size is a character height in cm so that the actual size of the markers will be about 0 7 of this value 3 2 GRAPH COMMANDS IN DETAIL 29 dn nomiss If a dataset has missing values GLE will not draw a line to the next real value which leaves a gap in the curve To avoid this behavior simply use the nomiss qualifier on the dn command used to define the line This simply ignores missing values size 6 3 begin graph title No Miss data tut3 dat yaxis min 0 d2 nomiss lstyle 1 marker diamond msize 2 end graph dn smooth smoothm This will make GLE draw a smoothed line through the points A third degree polynomial is fitted piecewise to the given points The smoothm alternative will work for m
72. ich has been drawn using amove aline Everything between the begin origin and end origin can be moved as one unit The current point is also saved and restored begin path stroke fill pattern clip Initialises the drawing of a filled shape All the lines and curves generated until the next end path command will be stored and then used to draw the shape stroke draws the outline of the shape fill paints the inside of the shape in the given colour and clip defines the shape as a clipping region for all future drawing Clipping and filling will only work on PostScript devices begin rotate angle The coordinate system is rotated anti clockwise about the current point by the angle angle in degrees For example to draw a line of text running vertically up the page as a Y axis label say type amove 1 1 begin rotate 90 text This is end rotate This is 2 2 GRAPHICS PRIMITIVES IN DETAIL 13 begin scale z y Everything between the begin and end is scaled by the factors x and y E g scale 2 3 would make the picture twice as wide and three times higher amove 1 1 z begin scale 31 5 begin rotate 30 text This is end rotate end scale Pd begin table This module is an alternative to the TEXT module It reads the spaces and tabs in the source file and aligns the words accordingly A single space between two words is treated as a real space not an alignment space With a proportionally spaced font columns w
73. ide color col lwidth line width off This command controls the appearance of the axis line i e the line to which the ticks are attached xsubticks Istyle num lwidth exp length exp off This command gives fine control of the appearance of the axis subticks xticks Istyle num lwidth exp length exp off This command gives fine control of the appearance of the axis ticks Note To get ticks on the outside of the graph i e pointing outwards specify a negative tick length xticks length 2 yticks length 2 xtitle title hei ch hei color col font font dist cm This command gives the axis a centered title The list of optional keywords specify features of it The dist command is used for moving the title up or down xaxis negate This is reversed the numbering on the y axis For use with measurements below ground where you want zero at the top and positive numbers below the zero y2title text string rotate By default the y2title is written vertically upwards The optional rotate keyword changes this direction to downwards The rotate option is specific to the y2title command begin graph xaxis min 0 max 9 nofirst nolast xaxis hei 6 nticks 10 dsubticks 2 xaxis lwidth 2 color red ytitle log Yaxis yaxis log min 1 max 10 lwidth 1 y2axis min 3 max 300 y2side color blue lwidth 0 y2ticks length 9 lwidth 0 y2title Y2title rotated hei 3 rotate x2axis off y2labels on let dl sin x 4 5 from 0 to 9 dn line end graph
74. ill line up on the left hand side but not on the right hand side However with a fixed pitch font like tt everything will line up amove 5 5 set hei 25 just bl begin table Here is my table Here is my table of text see how of text see how 22 44 no 33 22 44 55 33 0 l 999 1 2 0 1 99 2 3 33 2 33 3 33 2 40 it lines up it lines up end table begin text width exp This module displays multiple lines paragraphs of text The block of text is justified accord ing to the current justify setting See the set just command for a description of justification settings If a width is specified the text is wrapped and justified to the given width If a width is not given each line of text is drawn as it appears in the file Remember that GLE treats text in the same way that IATEX does so multiple spaces are ignored and some characters have special meaning E g N _ amp 4 To include Greek characters in the middle of text use a backslash followed by the name of the character E g 3 3X0mega S would produce 3 305 To put a space between the Omega and the S add a backslash space at the end E g 3 3NOmega S produces 3 30 5 14 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES Sometimes the space control characters e g are also ignored this may happen at the beginning of a line of text In this case use the control sequence glass which will trick GLE into thinking it isn t at the beginning of a line E g text glass
75. irt on rotate 80 30 0 view 2 5 3 6 end surface 70 CHAPTER 7 SURFACE POINTS myfile dat Reads in a data file which must have 3 columns x y z This is then used for plotting markers and rise and drop lines MARKER circle HEI v COLOR c Draws markers at the co ordinates read from the POINTS file DROPLINES COLOR c LSTYLEn Draws lines from the co ordinates read from the POINTS file down to zmin RISELINES COLOR LSTYLE zl Draws lines from the co ordinates read from the POINTS file up to zmax ZCLIP MIN vi MAX v2 ZCLIP goes through the Z array and sets any Z value smaller than MIN to v1 and sets any value greater than MAX to v2 begin surface size 5 5 data jack z sample 2 back ystep 1 zstep 100 color green xtitle Xaxis ytitle Yaxis top color blue zclip min 100 zaxis min 0 underneath on lstyle 2 end surface 7 2 LETZ 71 7 2 LETZ LETZ generates a data file of z values given an expression in terms of x and y e g the following example does something like this For y 0 to 20 step 1 For x 0 to 30 step i zlx y xtsin y 2 pit 10 22 next x next y letz File to store data in jack Storing data in jack z and commands in jack let Enter xmin xmax xstep on one line 0 30 1 Enter ymin ymax ystep 0 30 1 0 20 1 For y 0 to 20 step i For x 0 to 30 step i Valid funtions trig functions use radians abs atnO cosO expO fixO intO l
76. ist 2 fill grey10 grid3 color black black end graph rmove 0 5 begin graph data TEST DAT fullsize size 10 5 xaxis min 1 max 6 dticks 1 hei 3 nofirst nolast yaxis min 0 max 20 hei 3 dticks 5 nolast xlabels off y2labels on di marker dot lstyle 2 err 10 d2 marker dot lstyle 1 err 10 end graph rmove 0 5 begin graph data TEST DAT title Bottom graph hei 4 dist 0 0 fullsize size 10 5 xaxis min 1 max 6 dticks 1 hei 3 nofirst nolast grid yaxis min O max 20 hei 3 dticks 5 nolast grid xticks lstyle 2 lwidth 0 0001 sets the grid line style yticks lstyle 2 lwidth 0 0001 di marker wsquare msize 4 lstyle 2 key Age key hei 5 d2 marker dot msize 1 lstyle 1 key Width end graph stack4b gle 91 92 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES Data transfer on 9600 bit sec line 101 0 1 1 1 L L 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time seconds stack1 gle size 17 23 1 This is STACK1 GLE a single graph with shading background set hei 4 amove 3 3 text stacki gle amove 1 5 5 box 15 16 fill grey60 rmove 1 1 box 15 16 fill white rmove 2 4 box 11 8 fill grey5 set font ss begin graph fullsize size 11 8 title Data transfer on 9600 bit sec line xtitle Time seconds ytitle K Bits data test dat di line marker wsquare mscale 2 xaxis min 1 max 6 yaxis min O max 11 end graph stackl gle 93 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES Subroutines Loops
77. kman LightItalic psc Courier pscb Courier Bold pscbo Courier BoldOblique psco Courier Oblique psh Helvetica pshb Helvetica Bold pshbo Helvetica BoldOblique psho Helvetica Oblique pshc Helvetica Condensed pshcb Helvetica Condensed Bold pshedo Helvetica Condensed BoldOblique pshn Helvetica Narrow pshnb Helvetica Narrow Bold pshnbo Helvetica Narrow BoldOblique pshno Helvetica NarrowOblique psnesb NewCenturySchlbk Bold psnesbi NewCenturySchlbk BoldlItalic psncsi NewCenturySchlbk Italic psnesr NewCenturySchlbk Roman pspb Palatino Bold pspbi Palatino BoldTtalic pspi Palatino Italic pspr Palatino Roman pstr Times Roman psti Times Italic pstb Times Bold pstbi Times BoldItalic pszcmi ZapfChancery Mediumltalic pszd ZapfDingbats pssym Symbol 79 80 APPENDIX A TABLES A 2 FONTS rm rmi SS ssb ssi tt ttb tti texcmb texcmitt texcmmi texcmr texcmss texcmssb texcmssi texcmti texcmtt plba plci pler ples pldr plge plgg plgi plsa plsg plsr plss plti pltr Roman Roman Bold Roman Italic Sans Serif Sans Serif Bold Sans Serif Italic Typewriter Typewriter Bold Typewriter Italic Computer Modern Bold Computer Modern Italic Typewriter Computer Modern Maths Italic Computer Modern Roman Computer Modern Sans Serif Computer Modern Sans Serif Bold Computer Modern Sans Serif Italic Computer Modern Text Italic Computer Modern Typewriter Text Block fiscal 1 Complex I
78. kunzip gle32bi6 zip d 3 Edit the batch file which tells gle where to find it s fonts and also what sort of graphics card you have edit setgle32 bat change the disk and directory as appropriate 4 Run the batch script setgle32 5 Try out the new version gle_vga 6 Note most of the programs have been renamed to avoid conflicts Below are the more detailed instructions provided by Axel Rohde Read these carefully if you have any problems 103 104 APPENDIX C GLE32 Installation manual and documentation for the 32 Bit DOS version of GLE 3 3 b by Axel Rohde The source Code of GLE is free and available from many FTP sites e g nic funet fi ftp informatik uni stuttgart de GLE 32 is a implementation of GLE for MS DOS It was compiled with the free port of the GNU C compiler DJGPP by D J Delorie The compiler itself and the DJGPP compiled executables are running with the 32 bit DOS extender G032 by the same author Thus GLE 32 runs only on i386SX and above CPUs G032 comes with a co processor emulator for those without a i387xx Real mode co prozessor emulators don t work with G032 GLE was compiled using Borland C compatible libraries for text and graphics modes and some filesystem calls There exists for the DJGPP specific graphics library GRX from Csaba Biegl a emulation library called BCCGRX from Hartmut Schirmer to replace calls of the Borland Graphics Interface BGI with GRX calls Hartmut has implemented the
79. ld oli 2 31 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I7 18 19 0 2 185 56 4 01234561789 114 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font tti Typewriter Italic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 2 E i isisi Alb p Em 101121345167 89 2 Font texcmb TEXComputer Modern Bold 0 1 2 3 4 15 6 7 8 9110 11112113 14115 16 17 18 19 11 ffl lady B ae eg E EO 48 115 TEXComputer Modern Extensible Font texcmex A X hoo on z sene ph al Cl gt s 017 e Y R g a aN T TA m oo ca Lea x 5 gt gt e Ss ue lt lt seo DB Hy R cc e D ex X A U gt o ee 2 eu o oo a TEXComputer Modern Italic Typewriter Font texcmitt E 9 3 a d lela sla x lo IE 3 3 EI l a fo fay s 5 2 ts x o ES x o c of iy N
80. licts between a 16 bit and a 32 bit version of GLE all the programs and the environment variables were renamed All GLE programs have now unix style names like gle_ps psgle Postscript output gle vga cgle VGA Preview etc The names of the utilities end with 32 manip32 contou32 Restrictions and Bugs 1 The vector fonts of the 32 bit version are NOT compatible to their 16 bit counterparts They may be compatible to fonts that were created under other 32 bit operating systems 2 The on line help of gle_vga is usable but may sometimes look different compared to the original 3 Makefmt and fbuild are missing DJGPP s Library lacks ecvt Both programs are used to calculate vector fonts in the Unix version from the source distribution Both programs are NOT included in the 16 bit DOS version too This package includes all allready calculated fonts from the Unix source distribution They were calculated under Linux a free Unix implementation for 1386 PC s and higher 4 The DVI drivers are not testet 4 CHAPTER 1 GLE TUTORIAL 5 Surface surf_vga hanged under unknown circumstances while loading one data file surf_vga can be stopped by pressing Control Pause If this happens load the data file into an editor save it and try it again In gle32b txt are the more detailed instructions provided by Axel Rohde Read these carefully if you have any problems 1 5 Running GLE on a VAX The command to run
81. mouse functionality too with GRX calls Copyright statements are at the end of this file Properties of GLE 32 All programs are running in the 386 protected mode and therefore there is neither a limited 640kB adress range nor a 64kB segmentation 32 bit programs are running faster than their 16 bit counterparts There exists a multitude of GRX graphics drivers e g for TSENG ET4000 W32 S3 8514A Cirrus Logic GD 542x Trident 8900 Diamond Viper ATI Ultra ATI VGA and EGA These drivers are highly configureable and can use flicker free high resolution modes Installation To understand the next lines you should have a basic knowledge of the MS DOS operating system and PC hardware Take a look into your DOS manual and your hardware documentation in case of doubt The DOS Extender G032 1 11 has different modes of operation 1 VCPI VCPI is an extension to EMS EMS can be installed by the driver EMM386 EXE of MS DOS 5 0 and higher The unoptimized entry in the system file CONFIG SYS looks like the follwing lines DOS high umb device c dos himem sys device c dos emm386 exe RAM 2048 This entry installs a 2 MB EMS in the memory area above 1MB b a page frame with a size of 64kB between the memory area of the graphics board and the BIOS upper memory Programs that use VCPI calls can NOT run under Windows or the DOS emulation of OS 2 2 x Other products such as QEMM386 can also be used 105 2 DPMI DPMI ca
82. n be installed with special drivers like QDPMI along with QEMM 6 0 or higher or 386ToTheMax 7 x Both the DOS emulation of 0S 2 2 x and Windows 3 x provide DPMI as a default The DPMI interface does not allows direct access to graphics hardware nly those programs that don t use graphic mode can run vith DPMI I had a lot of total system crashes vhile running some of the text mode programs of GLE under 08 2 2 1 I recommend to run GLE 32 under plain DOS To avoid name conflicts between a 16 bit and a 32 bit version of GLE all the programs and the environment variables vere renamed All GLE programs have nov unix style names like gle_ps psgle Postscript output gle_vga cgle VGA Preview etc The names of the utilities end with 32 manip32 contou32 In the example on the following lines the progams are installed in the directory d gle32 the fonts are in d gle32 fonts GLE 32 searches for its vector fonts in the directory GLE_TOP Don t forget the trailing slash In addition to this GL32FONT points to the directory where the bitmap fonts you can see them in the status line of the preview can be found The directory with the DOS Extender G032 and if there s no numeric prozessor installed the co prozessor emulator must be in the path environment set GLE_TOP d gle32 set gle32font d gle32 grxfont path your normal path d gle go32 driver d gle32 driver vesa_s3 grn
83. n or equal to 0001 then it will use a line width of 1 pixel Without this it would be impossible to specify a line width that didn t occasionally get rounded to 2 pixels There are also some commandline switches nod add D to ps file addd Don t add D to ps file nomaxpath Don t choke on complex fill paths fill For dvibit makes bar s filled instead of shaded 5 2 4 TEKA010 Driver This driver allows initialization sequences to be defined with the symbols TEK OPEN and TEK CLOSE On a VAX this is normally done by CGLECMD COM so that when you specify DEV V550 the assignments are done for you V550 Visual 550 5 2 5 HPGL Driver This driver allows initialization sequences to be defined in the symbols HPGL_OPEN and HPGL CLOSE On the PC use environment variables and on the VAX use DCL symbols Also HPGL_WIDTH and HPGL_HEIGHT can be defined for non A3 plotters The HPGL driver supports sizes greater than A3 The symbols HPGL_ADDX HPGL_ADDY add a margin to the plot These default to 9em and 1 5cm On a VAX this is normally done by CGLECMD COM so that when you specify DEV HPA4 the assignments are done for you 48 CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED FEATURES OF GLE The HPGL driver assigns the following colours to pen numbers 1 black 2 red 3 green 4 blue 5 magenta 6 white 7 yellow To get Gle Output in a WIN WORD text HPGL is a good and easy way to do it The use of the HPGL Converter HP2XX of Heinz W W
84. nd is CGLE not GLE but the directory is GLE this is for historical reasons To print a GLE file to the laser printer you would type C gt psgle myfile C gt print myfile ps To produce an eps file for inclusion in WordPerfect you would type C gt psgle myfile eps This will create a file called myfile EPS WordPerfect can also understand a special file format which contains both an EPS file for printing to PostScript printers and a bitmap TIFF image for displaying on the screen GLE can create this sort of file with the command C gt wpgle myfile This will create a file called MYFILE EPF which you can include into WordPerfect If your PC is connected to a VAX computer which has a PostScript printer you may copy MY FILE PS to the VAX using a standard file transfer program e g FTP KERMIT VDISK The best way to see what GLE can do is to have a play with it simply start it up and try out some of the examples Press F3 Load file Press lt enter gt for a menu of GLE files Use arrow keys to select example then press lt enter gt Press F10 to draw the picture Press ESC to get back to the GLE editor When you find a graph try pressing F9 and modifying one of the fields use Fi for an explanation of each field Used symbols for PC GLE_NOCONTROLD TRUE Stops D being added to ps files this is the default for unix GLE_ADDBGI high resolution BGI Driver see Device Drivers 1 4 32bit
85. ng lines to a circle To draw lines to a given point simply move there and save that point as a named object rmove 2 3 save apoint join apoint square 52 CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED FEATURES OF GLE 5 4 Filling Stroking and Clipping Paths It is possible to set up arbitrary clipping regions To do this draw a shape and make it into a path by putting a begin path clip end path around it Then draw the things to be clipped by that region To clear a clipping path surround the whole section of GLE commands with begin clip end clip Characters can be used to make up clipping paths but only the PostScript fonts will currently work for this purpose Clipping doesn t work on the screen or p79 devices but does on the laser printer See example CLIP GLE at end of manual size 10 5 begin clip Save current clipping path begin path clip stroke Define new clipping region amove 2 2 box 3 3 amove 6 2 box 3 3 end path amove 2 2 set hei 3 text Here is clipped text end clip Restore original clipping path 5 5 Using Variables GLE has two types of variables floating point and string String variables always end with a dollar sign A string variable contains text like Hello this is text a floating point variable can only contain numbers like 1234 234 name Joe height 6 5 Height of person shoe 05 shoe adds to height of person amove 1 1 box 2 height shoe write name 5 6 PROGRAMMING LOOPS 53
86. nside Expressions xg yst With these functions it is possible to move to a position on a graph using the graph s axis units To draw a filled box on a graph at position x 948 y 004 measured on the graph axis begin graph xaxis min 100 max 2000 yaxis min 01 max 01 end graph amove xg 948 yg 004 box 2 2 fill grey10 twidth theight tdepth These functions return the width depth and height of a string IF it was printed in the current font and size xend yend These functions return the end point of the last thing drawn This is of particular interest when drawing text text abc set color blue text def This would draw the def on top of the abc To draw the def immediately following the abc simply do the following Note that absolute move is used not relative move set hei 1 font rm set just left amove 1 1 text abc set color grey20 b amove xend yend a C text def xpos ypos Returns the current x and y points 24 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES Chapter 3 The Graph Module A graph should start with begin graph and end with end graph The data to be plotted are organised into datasets A dataset consists of a series of X Y coordinates and has a name based on the letter d and a number between 1 and 99 eg d1 The name dn can be used to define a default for all datasets Many graph commands described below start with dn This would normally be replaced by a specific datas
87. of the line use the right hand mouse button to pick up the pen To draw text press the letter t and then click on where you would like the text to be drawn All movements are rounded to the grid size settings which are 1 0cm 0 1cm 0 01cm etc The height and colour of the text lines is determined by the current settings at the end of the GLE file If there is no mouse driver loaded then a cross hair will appear and it can be moved around using the arrow keys Press c to click instead of the mouse button 5 2 DEVICE DRIVERS 45 SuperVGA To use a SuperVGA card you first need to get a BGI driver that supports your card From anonymous FTP you can get svgabgi3 zip ftp wuarchive wustl edu ftp gt user anonymous ftp gt mail ident ftp gt cd mirrors msdos borland ftp gt binary ftp gt get svgabgi3 zip ftp gt quit Then unzip it decide which driver will match your SVGA card and copy that driver into GLE EXE c gt pkunzip svgabgi3 zip c gt pkunzip svgabgi3 zip c gt type readme c gt copy svga16 bgi gle exe Define an environment variable to tell gle about this driver and which mode to use put this line in your autoexec bat c gt set gle addbgi 4 svgai6 5 2 2 GO32 GRX Screen Driver GLE 32 is a 32 bit Implementation of GLE for MS DOS Axel Rohde did this port of the GLE version 3 3b GLE32 was compiled with the free port of the GNU C compiler DJGPP by D J Delorie The compiler itself
88. ogO 1og100 rndO sgnO sinO sqrO sgrt tanO PI x 3 x x x e g 3 x 2 sin y 180 pi Enter equation x sin y 2 pi 10 22 x sin y 2 pi 10 22 N II 0123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 lt Use LETZ lt jack let to remake the same data file The file JACK Z now contains the required data The file JACK LET contains SS JACK LET jack z 0 30 1 0 20 1 xtsin y 2 pi 10 22 AAA end of file This can be edited and then used to regenerate the data using a different range or a different eguation 72 begin surface size 5 5 data jack z sample 2 back ystep 1 zstep 100 color green xtitle Xaxis ytitle Yaxis top color blue zclip min 100 zaxis min 0 underneath on lstyle 2 end surface LETZ File to store data in saddle z Enter xmin xmax xstep on one line 0 20 1 Enter ymin ymax ystep 0 20 1 Enter equation 3 2 cos 3 5 y 1 5 4 1 x 4 3 CHAPTER 7 SURFACE 2 7 SSEESI V 7 3 FITZ 73 7 3 FITZ FITZ fits smooth curves to a surface of data points e g Given some data points e g x y z data file testf dat 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 21 2 11 1 5 1 5 2 These points defile the for corners of a surface which has one high point in the center As you can see the order of points is not relevant It is important that each line of the data file has three points on it x y z FIT then
89. olution of 1024 horizontal 768 vertical pixels and 256 colors 46 CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED FEATURES OF GLE There s a second way to install a graphics mode If the environment variables GLE32WIDTH GLE32HEIGHT and GLE32COLORS are set the graphics mode in the GO32 variable is overrid den You still have to specify a driver in the GO32 environment set GLE32WIDTH 800 set GLE32HEIGHT 600 set GLE32COLORS 16 There s a prepared batch file setgle32 bat to set all the environment variables in the directory gle32 To figure out which modes are supported try to run the program modetest in the directory gle32 driver doc WARNING A wrong installed graphics mode can DESTROY your MONITOR and or graphics board if the refresh rate is too high USE THIS ON YOUR OWN RISK You should take a look into the manuals of your monitor and your graphics adapter to figure out which horizontal frequencies are supported If the horizontal frequency of the monitor is 64 kHz or higher you MAY feel save MY Monitor has a horizontal frequency of 64 kHz and supports a resolution of 1024x768 with a refresh rate up to 80Hz If you want to go save don t set the environment go32 at all This will use the normal flickering VGA mode on a VGA compatible adapter For more detailed information and instructions how to install GO32 see gle32 txt 5 2 3 PostScript Driver To print a GLE file to the laser printer type cgle myfile print or on a PC
90. on non postscript devices 3 Add a line to psfont dat psgb Greek Bold This tells the postscript driver that this is a font that the printer knows how to deal with 5 3 Diagrams Joining Named Objects To draw lines between boxes which contain text first name each box as it is drawn and then use the join command to draw the lines between the boxes box 2 3 fill blue name square amove 5 5 begin box add 1 name titlebox text Title end box join square tr gt titlebox bc These commands draw a line from the Top Right of the square to the Bottom Centre of the titlebox with an arrow at the titlebox end join square titlebox would draw a line from the centre of the square to the centre of the titlebox but clipped correctly at the edges of both boxes join square tc lt gt titlebox v would draw a vertical line from the top centre of the square to the titlebox with arrows at both ends 5 3 DIAGRAMS JOINING NAMED OBJECTS set hei 3 font plge amove 1 2 2 box 1 1 fill blue name square amove 1 9 2 itle begin box add 1 name titlebox text Title end box join square tr gt titlebox tr join square titlebox join square tc titlebox v Named points on each box bl Bottom left bc Bottom centre br Bottom right cr Centre right tr Top right tc Top centre tl Top left Cl Centre left v Vertical line h Horizontal line cc Centre centre ci Circle clipping for drawi
91. pped amove 2 2 rotate 1 rline 0 30 next i grestore end clip restore default clipping region amove 0 0 rline 10 10 draw a line which won t be clipped Here s a simple example of how to set up a clipping region which consists lof two squares Try this out amove 1 11 begin origin begin path clip stroke amove 2 2 box 4 4 amove 7 2 box 4 4 end path amove 2 2 set hei 4 text Here is clipped text end origin clip gle 99 100 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES 101 COTE Wall Reference BJ 5 O circle i dag A triangle ddag J square asterisk I 9229 Q diamond oplus O fcircle ominus A ftriangle otimes ENENE Width 0 2 i w width 0 1 B fsquare O odot 7 fdiamond A trianglez width 0 01 dot diamondz width 0 0001 width X cross O weircle 4 club A wtriangle Q heart wsquare rm Roman star wdiamond rmi Roman Italic snake rmb Roman Bold rmbi Roman Bold Italic tt Typewriter ttb Typewriter Bold ss Sans Serif GRID and SHADE patterns should only be used ssb Sans Serif Bold for filling on PostScript intere the grey level and 7 colors will work for both filling and color settings on ssi Sans Serif Italic any device psc Po
92. ppics via the HELP command e g HELP COPY 6 2 MANIP 59 6 2 2 Manip Primitives a summary Omycmds Arrows BLANK CLEAR CLOSE COPY range range IF exp DATA range DELETE range IF exp EXIT filename range TAB SPACE COMMA FIT c3 Functions GENERATE pattern destination GOTO z y INSERT Cn or Rn LOAD filename range 0 LOAD filename range LOGGING mycmds man MOVE range range IF exp NEW PARSUM range1 range2 PROP range range QUIT Recover recovering from power failure or crash SAVE filename range TAB SPACE COMMA SET SIZE ncols nrows SET BETWEEN SET COLTYPE SET COLWIDTH SET NCOL n SET DPOINTS n SET DIGITS n SET WIDTH n SHELL SORT range on exp SUM range SWAP CnCn RnRn 60 CHAPTER 6 GLE UTILITIES 6 2 3 Manip Primitives in detail COPY range range2 if exp For copying a section to another section They do not have to be the same shape The pointers to both rangers are increased even if the number is not coppied e g 4 COPY r4r2 rir2 COPY cic3r6r100 c6c8 if cl lt c2 COPY C1 C2 IF C1 lt 4 ci c2 O OQ OI N I DELETE range IF exp For deleteing entire rows or columns e g 4 DELETE clc3 IF r1 gt 3 and r2 0 4 DELETE ri Numbers are shuffled in from the right to take the place of the deleted range DATA range Data entry mode is usefull for entering data After typing in 4 DATA c1c3 or 4 D
93. rivers and options can be use with gle myfile ddevice hires To find out what drivers are available type in gle_dviprint Usage dviprint depson d1j old hires vhires debug output xx prt depson To produce output for epson printers dwp To add tiff image to wp eps file dec Epson color ribbon printers dlj To produce output for HP LaserJet printers dpj To produce output for HP PaintJet printers dsx Sixel graphics for DEC printers 1a100 s dvt To print bitmap to screen preview over Overhead transparency mode for PaintJet old For old HP Laser Jet printers no compression hires Uses high resolution for that printer slower vhires Viritcal high resolution for sixel graphics wide If your printer has a wide carriage noflip Disable s auto flipping flip Forces flip nosquash Tries to print it full size compress Force internal bitmap compression slow noff No form feed debug Prints debug messages out x x Prints output to file instead of printer port 5 2 8 Fonts font mapping By default the generic fonts rm rmb ss tt etc will all map to PLSR plotter simplex roman on BITMAP and HPGL drivers To make this happen on other drivers put the command plotter fonts immediately after the size command at the top of the GLE file A typical result of this change in fonts is that something that lines up on the screen will not line up when printed to an EPSON printer If this happens
94. s SO OT Ba Cx da c U cire cdot star APPENDIX A TABLES T dag copyright delta 0 theta mu p rho phi varepsilon S varsigma jmath Re infty nabla triangle neg sharp heartsuit bigvee bigcap sum bigodot intop Gi lt 6 p ag 35 triangleright wedge lor ddagger Xsqcup diamond div otimes mp Xbigcirc ast E lt gt v O Appendix B Examples e A Single Graph e Stack of Two Graphs e Stack of Four Graphs e Shadow Graph e Subroutines Loops e Joining Objects e Clipping e Wall Reference 85 86 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES Bar example 6 J 4 1 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 size 12 9 box begin graph SIZE 12 9 Title Bar example data single dat bar di d2 fill green blue fill x1 d1 color grey10 end graph single gle 026 1 10 16 236 363 454 537 single dat 87 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES stack2 gle Bud burst D tan O gt o o na o 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Flowers per cane at full bloom 20 10 Figure 5 Influence of Hicane on the duration and timing of a bud burst and b flowering of 22 Shelter row A Shelter row 4 Middle ro
95. s are distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Bug reports are wellcome to me and Chris Pugmire It can not be guaranteed that they can be fixed Axel Rohde 19 1 94 email rohdeOphysik uni kiel d400 de Chris Pugmire s email adress chrisp marc cri nz gle32b txt 108 APPENDIX C GLE32 Appendix D Fonttables From TREV SRPDBRS 27 JAN 1992 16 30 58 78 To GRV SRGHCXP CC Subj Gle font viewer here s a going one Chris thanks for the first approximation of the see a font program 1 this is a working ie tested and going version It could be useful Bruce PS pszd isn t available on my pc so it didn t work there size 18 24 text chardef movexy 4 0 sub tt a write a rmove 0 1 2 end sub set font pszd amove 5 23 5 for j 0 to 15 for i O to 15 note no spaces in expression below exept inside quotes xx char num1 j 16 i write xx rmove 9 0 next i amove 5 23 5 1 3 j 1 next j amove 14 5 set hei 2 font ss write DING2 GLE BRS DATE showfont gle 109 APPENDIX D FONTTABLES Font rm Roman 1 2131415 1617 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 17 18 19 0 2 11 45 amp a 0112314 506717 819
96. s e ime B i Ro beeen eae do ip dad 46 5 2 4 Driver std E amp E nono eee ku le s s s AT iii CONTENTS HPGLADFIV T Z Z cama CEP RR este bu us 47 5 2 0 RC Bitmap Drivers nd ee A PST T weeds 48 5 277 DVIBRINT e 2525509 ere nanan m om Hc eed dee wr Ea 49 5 2 8 Fonts font mapping dy argen mm eR A RAE EA 49 5 2 0 Printer Ponts mpi de de a ERA ae oh OOS O SUS 50 5 3 Diagrams Joining Named Objects ee 50 5 4 Filling Stroking and Clipping Paths 52 bios Using Variables aa Ro Sh e NOR 52 5 6 Programa Loops s exeo eee RR wel esu qe de A 53 5 7 Extended I O Functions Rees ze q E ARR h k bestes ls 54 5 8 Device dependend Control 54 6 GLE Utilities 55 OT SHIIS ety he RR Bele gan 55 6 2 Manlp e 4n bb Rw bv eae f7f7557 77 57 621 Usage u s sus sn ug us a ar ai 7 7 57 6 2 2 Manip Primitives a summary e 59 6 2 3 Manip Primitives in detail 60 T SURFACE 65 TAL Surtaceprinitives S E ai e ORES dug senem BAAS ar ae Oe se dug 65 d S rface Commands iuro t tadas A ee xx S BR EE d 66 Rida GETZ 2 5 eh d k 2 7 7777 SDN 71 re BL ZES Sse ee dt S dob a Qa brn i at da dada de bobbed bt die 73 T4 CONTOUR 2 uuum od fewer eee Au d sa US S S S Sm S S aa
97. s for shades of grey for i O to 10 box 3 2 fill 4 10 rmove 0 2 next i The other is for passing a colour name as a variable sub stick c box 2 2 fill c end sub stick green Remember a fill pattern completely obscures what is behind it so the following command would produce a box with a shadow amove 4 4 box 3 2 fill grey10 rmove 1 1 box 3 2 fill white rmove 4 4 text hellow 43 44 CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED FEATURES OF GLE 5 2 Device Drivers GLE supports the following devices Interactive IBM PC BGI VT100 REGIS VT125 VT240 TEK4010 VWS X Windows Output PostScript HPGL EPSON EPSON 24pin HP Deskjet Keyboard Mappings VT100 VT200 PC Meaning GOLD 1 F11 F1 Help GOLD 2 F12 F2 Save GOLD 3 F13 F3 Load GOLD 4 F14 F4 Save as GOLD 9 F9 F9 Graph menu GOLD 0 F10 F10 Draw it Control Z Control Z Control Z Exit Escape Alt X Exit Escape Control E Control E Calls VAX EDT Control F Control F Toggle fast slow text To find out what drivers are available type in ls usr local gle gle_ 5 2 1 PC Screen Drivers Remember that what you see on the screen isn t always what you will get on the printer For example filled regions will not be filled and some characters may not look right After pressing F10 and drawing the graph it can be annotated by using the mouse or arrow keys to draw lines text and boxes To draw lines simply click on the points
98. s of text use the begin text end text construct text Hi how s tricks said Jack 2 2 GRAPHICS PRIMITIVES IN DETAIL 21 write string This command is similar to text except that it expects a quoted string string variable or string expression as a parameter set hei 35 font rm set just center amove 3 5 a Hello there xx sqrt 10 t times c a tt write aS t xx Hello there 19 08 23 3 16228 The built in functions sqrt and time are described in appendix A 3 22 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES 2 3 Expressions Wherever GLE is expecting a number it can be replaced with an expression For example rline 3 2 and rline 9 3 sqrt 4 will produce the same result An expression in GLE is delimited by white space so it may not contain any spaces rline 3 3 2 is valid but rline 3 3 2 will not work Or let d2 3 sin d1 will work and let d2 3 sin d1 won t Expressions may contain numbers arithmetic operators x to the power of relational operators gt lt gt lt lt gt boolean operators AND OR variables and built in functions When GLE is expecting a colour or marker name like green or circle it can be given a string variable or an expression enclosed in braces GLE provides a large number of built in functions these are listed in Appendix A 3 24 FUNCTIONS INSIDE EXPRESSIONS 23 2 4 Functions I
99. some cases order is significant As some let commands operate on data which has been read into datasets the data commands should precede the let commands The wildcard dn command should appear before specific dl commands which it will override By default xaxis commands also change the x2axis and xlabels commands also change x2labels so to specify different settings for the x and x2 axes put the x2 settings after the x settings begin graph size 10 10 data a dat let 42 di 3 dn marker square lstyle 3 sets di and d2 d2 marker dot xaxis color green xticks color blue x2axis color black end graph 3 6 NOTES ON DRAWING GRAPHS 37 3 6 2 Line Width When scaling a graph up or down for publication the default line width may need changing To do this simply specify a set lwidth command before beginning the graph size 10 10 set lwidth 1 begin graph end graph 38 CHAPTER 3 THE GRAPH MODULE Chapter 4 The KEY module This module is used for drawing keys for graphs It is completely separate from the graph module Specify a position for the key the size of the lettering and then for each dataset specify marker color style and fill pattern begin graph end graph begin key hei 5 position tr text Green trees marker heart msize 2 fill grey10 text Red trees lstyle 3 marker heart fill blue text Oranges marker circle lstyle 6 fill black end key 10 T 9 D Green trees Q M Red
100. stScript Courier psh PostScript Helvetica psbd PostScript Bookman Demi Grid5 Grey90 PostScript New C Schlblk R 7 7 psncsr ostScript New Century Sc oman Grid3 Grey10 pszcmi PostScript ZapfChancery MediumItalic Grid2 Grey5 pszd ALIA WSCKCERCTW KEES ME EV Grid1 Greyl pltr Plotter Triplex Roman Grid White pldr Plotter Duplex Roman Shale Bur 1 Plotter Si lex R Shade4 Yellow plsr otter Simplex Roman Shade3 Magenta plge Plotter Gothic English Shade2 Blue plci Plotter Complex Italic Shadel Green plss Pletten Simplox Script Shade Red wall gle 102 APPENDIX B EXAMPLES Appendix C GLE32 32 bit DOS version of GLE by Axel Rohde Introduction By Chris For a long time I have been explaining to people that a 32bit dos version of GLE was not possible with currently available compilers and libraries Clearly Axel has no appreciation for the impossible and has gone ahead and compiled a version anyway with absolutely no asistance from me On any 386 or better machine this version of GLE should run without problems it s main features are these 1 No 640K memory restrictions 2 Much faster Installation Quick guide By Chris 1 FIP the binary distribution ftp tui marc cri nz cd pub gle gle32 binary mget gle32bi zip 2 Unzip them keeping the directory structure cd c pkunzip gle32bi1 zip d pkunzip gle32bi2 zip d pkunzip gle32bi3 zip d pkunzip gle32bi4 zip d pkunzip gle32bi5 zip d p
101. style There are 9 predefined line styles 1 9 When a line style is given with more than one digit the first digit is read as a run length in black the second a run length in white the third a run length in black etc set hei 3 set just left LEN as 5 amove 5 2 5 10 6 for z to 4 set Istyle 2 aij 2 elana 2AO oxum s 3 Zi sa dis 18 rmove 1 0 4 9 aaa A rmove 2 1 4 next z iu ae a 0229 set vvidth line width Sets the width of lines to line width cm A value of zero will result in the device default of about 0 02 cm so a lwidth of 0001 gives a thinner line than an lwidth of 0 sub sub name parameter1 parameter2 etc Defines a subroutine The end of the subroutine is denoted with end sub Subroutines must be defined before they are used Subroutines can be called inside any GLE expression and can also return values The parameters of a subroutine become local variables Subroutines are reentrant sub tree x y a amove x y rline 0 1 write a return x y end sub Otree 2 4 mytree Normal call to subroutine Slope tree 2 4 mytree Using subroutine in an expression text unquoted text string This is the simplest command for drawing text The current point is unmodified after the text is drawn so following one text command with another will result in the second line of text being drawn on top of the first To generate multiple line
102. t point to the coordinates 2 3 The current graphics state also includes other settings like line width colour font 2d transforma tion matrix All of these can be set with various GLE commands 10 CHAPTER 2 GLE PRIMITIVES 2 1 Graphics Primitives a summary comment zer aline x y arrow start arrow end arrow both amove z y arc radius al a2 arcto z1 yl x2 y2 rad begin box fill pattern add gap nobox name xyz begin clip begin origin begin path stroke fill pattern clip begin rotate angle begin scale z y begin table begin text width exp begin translate z y bezier x1 y1 z2 y2 z y bigfile filename gle box z y justify jtype fill color name zzz nobox circle radius fill pattern closepath curve iz iy x1 yl xy xy zn yn ex ey define marker markername subroutine name for var expl to exp2 step ezp3 command next var grestore gsave if exp then command else command end if include filename join object1 just sep object2 just marker marker name scale factor postscript filename eps width exp height exp rbezier z y1 12 y2 z y3 return exp reverse rline z y arrow end arrow start arrow both rmove z y save objectname set cap butt round square set color col set dashlen dashlen exp set font font name set fontlwidth line width set hei character size set join mitre round bevel set just left center right tl
103. ta based on the data in a particular column e g SORT c8 on c9 SORT 1 8 on c8 4 SORT cic3 on c2 for sorting strings 62 CHAPTER 6 GLE UTILITIES This command works out how to sort the column or exp specified in the ON part of the command It then does that operation to the range specified e g SORT C1 ON C1 will sort column one Use the additional qualifier STRINGS if you want to sort a column with strings in it e g sort cl on c2 strings SWAP Swap over two columns or rows e g SWAP cic2 SWAP r3ri SET SIZE ncols nrows SIZE 3 4 Truncates the spreadsheet to 3 columns and 4 rows This also sets the values to use for default ranges SET BETWEEN SET BETWEEN Defines the string to be printed between each column of numbers when written to a file This is normally set to a single space SET COLWIDTH Set the width of each column when displayed e g 4 SET COLWIDTH 12 SET COLTYPE n DECIMAL EXP BOTH DPOINTS n This commands allows all or individual columns to be set to different output types If colnumber is missing then that setting is applied to all columns SET COLTYPE Ccolnumber TYPE Where TYPE is one of DECIMAL produces 123 456 EXP produces 1 23456e02 BOTH produces whichever is more suitable DPOINTS n produces a fixed number of decimal places e g SET COLTYPE c2 DECIMAL SET COLTYPE ci EXP SET COLTYPE c3 DPOINTS 4 Would print out 1 2e02 1 2 1 2000 SET
104. talic Complex Roman Complex Ferit Duplex Roman Gothic English Gothic German Golhic Ltalian Simplex Ascii Tevnuew Heova Simplex Roman bimplex Script Triplex Italic Triplex Roman psagb psagbo psagd psagdo psbd psbdi psbli psc pscb pscbo psco psh pshb pshbo psho pshc pshcb pshcdo pshn pshnb pshnbo pshno psncsb psncsbi psncsi psncsr pspb pspbi pspi pspr pssym pstb pstbi psti pstr pszcmi 81 AvantGarde Book AvantGarde BookOblique AvantGarde Demi AvantGarde DemiOblique Bookman Demi Bookman Demiltalic Bookman L ghtltalic Courier Courier Bold Courier BoldOblique Courier Oblique Helvetica Helvetica Bold Helvetica BoldOblique Helvetica Oblique Helvetica Condensed Helvetica Condensed Bold Helvetica Condensed BoldOblique Helvetica Narrow Helvetica Narrow Bold Helvetica Narrow BoldOblique Helvetica NarrowOblique NewCenturySchlbk Bold NevCenturySchlbk BoldItalic NewCenturySchlbk Italic NewCenturySchlbk Roman Palatino Bold Palatino BoldItalic Palatino ltalic Palatino Roman Lyupor Times Bold Times Boldltalic Times Italic Times Roman ZapfChancery MediumlItalic 82 A 3 Functions APPENDIX A TABLES Function Name Returns TIME O DATE O DEVICE O LEFT str exp RIGHT str exp SEG str exp1 exp2 NUM exp NUM1 exp VAL str POS stri str2 exp LEN str current time e g 11 44 27 current date e g Tue Apr 09 1991 available
105. the minimum and maximum values on the xaxis This will determine both the labelling of the axis and the default mapping of data onto the graph To change the mapping see the dataset dn commands xmin ymin xmax and ymax The dpoints option specifies the number of decimal points that should be displayed e g with a value of 3 these numbers 0 0 333333 0 6666667 1 would become 0 000 0 333 0 667 1 000 xaxis nofirst nolast These two switches simply remove the first or last or both labels from the graph This is useful when the first labels on the x and y axis are too close to each other xaxis nticks number dticks distance nticks specifies the number of ticks along the axis dticks specifies the distance between ticks and dsubticks specifies the distance between subticks For example to get one subtick between every main tick with main ticks 3cm apart simply specify dsubticks 1 5 By default ticks are drawn on the inside of the graph To draw them on the outside use the command xticks length 2 yticks length 2 xaxis off Turns the whole axis off labels ticks subticks and line Often the x2axis and y2axis are not required they could be turned off with the following commands x2axis off y2axis off xaxis shift cm exp This moves the labelling to the left or right which is useful when the label refers to the data between the two values xlabels font font name hei char hei color col This command controls the appearan
106. then use the plotter fonts command If a character is missing from a font or isn t the particular variation you like you can define a character to be from a different font in this way chardef setfont texcmr char 37 chardef setfont texcmr char 91 chardef setfont texcmr char 93 On the PC some fonts may not be installed to save disk space When one of the missing fonts is called for a replacement font will be displayed this may look terrible and some special characters may be completely wrong 50 CHAPTER 5 ADVANCED FEATURES OF GLE More importantly if you use a font which does not have its font metric file installed e g C GLE FONTS PLSR FMT then the PostScript driver will space the characters incorrectly This can be fixed by extracting that particular metric file from the distribution file CGLE FVE ZIP using PKUNZIP 5 2 9 Printer Fonts You can now tell gle about postscript fonts that you have downloaded into your own printer Lets pretend we are adding a font called Greek Bold 1 Download the font into you laser printer 2 Add a line to FONT DAT psgb 86 psgb fmt plsr fve psgb fmt a b c d a GLE s name for the font b The next unused number in font dat c The font metric file this can be created using makefmt from and adobe font metric file afm which you should have been supplied with your font d The font vector file this is just a font that that gle can use to draw your font
107. trees 5 O W Oranges 0 i 1 I 0 0 2 5 50 75 10 0 All commands to do with a particular line of the key module MUST appear on the same line 39 40 CHAPTER 4 THE KEY MODULE 4 1 Key commands offset r exp y exp Specifies the offset in cm from the current point to the bottom left hand corner of the graph This command should be on a line of its own position justify exp This is an alternative to the OFFSET command It allows you to specify a position on the graph e g tl top left This command should be on a line of its own See set just for a list of justify settings text str exp The text which will be displayed on the end of the line Istyle style num The line style which will be used for the short line drawn in the key marker marker name The marker which will be used for that line of the key msize exp Specifies the size of the markers in cm mscale exp Specifies how much to scale the size of the marker E g 0 5 would produce a marker half as big as normal color color name The colour of the text line and marker hei cm exp This sets the height of the text used to draw the key The key will change in size to fit around the text If you omit this command the current font size is used fill fill pattern The fill pattern used in that line of the key 4 2 Key syntax The syntax of the KEY module is rather confusing The commands which relate to global features of the key OFFSET NOBOX HEI
108. ues were given as distances from the current point alternatively we could have used absolute coordinates size 18 27 amove 2 4 aline 3 6 absolute Now if you want to draw some text on this page at the current point you would use the text command text Hi there So we have now constructed an entire GLE program as follows with the results illustrated below size 12 8 box amove 2 4 i there rline i 2 text Hi there 1 8 Drawing a Simple Graph This section will describe how to go about drawing a simple graph The following data points are contained in a file called TUT DAT These top two lines do not appear in the file The data is in two columns with white space separating each column of numbers The following commands will draw a simple line graph of the data size 6 3 begin graph size 6 3 data tut dat yaxis min 0 dl line marker star msize 2 end graph The first size command defines the size of the piece of paper which may contain several graphs The second defines the size of this particular graph The actual graph axes are by default 0 7 of these dimensions The ratio can be changed with the vscale and hscale commands 1 8 DRAWING A SIMPLE GRAPH 7 Without the yaxis min 0 command the yaxis would start at 2 0 because that is the minimum y value in the data This makes the graph easier to interpret Changing the above d1 command to di line marker circle will mark each data
109. ulti valued functions i e functions which have more than one y value for each x value dn xmin z low xmax z high ymin y low ymax y high These commands map the dataset onto the graph s boundaries The data will be drawn as if the X axis was labelled from z low to x high regardless of how the axis is actually labelled A point in the dataset at X z low will appear on the left hand edge of the graph fullsize This is equivalent to vscale 1 hscale 1 noborder It makes the graph size command specify the size and position of the axes instead of the size of the outside border hscale exp Scales the length of the yaxis See vscale The default value is 0 7 key pos tl nobox hei exp offset xexp yexp This command allows the features of a key to be specified The pos qualifier sets the position of the key E g tl topleft br bottomright etc let ds exp from low to high step exp This command defines a new dataset as the result of an expression on the variable x over a range of values It also allows the use of other datasets E g to generate an average of two datasets data aa dat di d2 let d3 d1 d2 2 Or to generate data from scratch let di sin x log x from 1 to 100 step 1 2pi 2 3 14 Calculating Formulars begin graph size 6 3 let dl 1 x from 0 2 to 10 let d2 sin x 2 2 from 0 2 to 10 let 43 10 1 sqrt 2pi exp 2 sqr x 4 sqr 2 from 0 2 to 10 step 1 dn line d2 lstyle 2 d3 lstyle 3
110. vers per cane at full bloom xtitle data TEST4 DAT di lstyle 1 marker circle msize 3 42 1style 1 marker square msize 3 smooth 43 lstyle 2 marker circle msize 3 smooth 44 lstyle 2 marker square msize 3 end graph rmove 12 9 text b set hei 4 amove 9 26 text 22 amove 1 3 3 begin text width 16 Figure 5 Influence of Hicane on the duration and timing of a bud burst and b flowering of kiwifruit Note this data has been made up end text set just left amove 5 26 text stack2 gle 1 10 5 90 12 3 30 15 80 22 5 50 25 70 10 8 80 40 60 15 10 90 45 55 11 14 70 35 50 14 19 80 40 60 6 stack2 gle test4 dat 89 90 20 Top graph stack4b gle APPENDIX B EXAMPLES size 17 26 1 box uncomment box for measuring with ruler STACK4B GLE set font ss amove 3 5 19 begin graph size 10 5 data TEST DAT title Top graph stack4b gle hei 5 dist 1 fullsize xaxis min 1 max 6 dticks 1 hei 3 nofirst nolast yaxis min O max 20 hei 3 dticks 5 x2labels on di marker wsquare msize 4 lstyle 1 d2 marker dot msize 1 lstyle 2 fill x1 d1 color grid4 xmax 3 fill x1 d1 color grey20 xmin 3 end graph rmove 0 5 begin graph size 10 5 data TEST DAT fullsize xaxis min 1 max 6 dticks 1 hei 3 nofirst nolast yaxis min 0 max 20 hei 3 dticks 5 nolast bar di d2 width 2 d
111. w si saa Middle row H Sep 13 Sep 23 Oct 3 Oct 13 Oct 23 5 Nov 10 kiwifruit Note this data has been made up Nov 15 Nov 20 Nov 25 Nov 30 size 18 27 box uncomment box for debugging This is STACK2 GLE amove 1 3 14 5 begin graph size 16 12 nobox xaxis min 0 max 20 dticks 4 dsubticks 1 xplaces 4 8 12 16 20 I these vould be set to match the dates xnames Sep 13 Sep 23 Oct 3 Oct 13 Oct 23 xticks length 2 yticks length 2 yaxis min O max 75 dticks 10 dsubticks 5 nofirst ytitle Bud burst xtitle data TEST4 DAT di lstyle 1 marker vcircle msize 3 42 lstyle 1 marker wsquare msize 3 43 lstyle 2 marker vcircle msize 3 d4 lstyle 2 marker wsquare msize 3 end graph set hei 4 begin key offset 8 2 2 3 text Shelter row lstyle 1 marker circle mscale 6 text Shelter row H lstyle 1 marker square mscale 6 text Middle row lstyle 2 marker circle mscale 6 text Middle row H lstyle 2 marker square mscale 6 end key rmove 12 9 text a amove 1 3 4 set font rm hei 5 begin graph size 16 12 nobox xaxis min 0 max 20 dticks 4 dsubticks 1 xplaces 4 8 12 16 20 I these vould be set to match the dates xnames Nov 10 Nov 15 Nov 20 Nov 25 Nov 30 xticks length 2 yticks length 2 yaxis min 0 max 110 dticks 10 dsubticks 5 ytitle Flo
112. y default manip will write columns seperated by spaces The command SAVE myfile dat TAB will put a single tab between each column of num bers and SAVE myfile dat COMMA will put a comma and a space between each number these two options are usefull if your data file is very big and you don t want to waste diskspace with the space characters Further options are the same like EXIT GOTO For moving the cursor directly to a point in your array e g 4 GOTO x y CLEAR CLEAR C2C3 Clears the given range of all values BLANK 4 BLANK C2C3 Clears the given range of all values NEW Clears the spread sheet of all data and frees memory INSERT Inserts a new column or row and shifts all others over e g INSERT c5 or INSERT r2 LOAD Load data into columns eg LOAD filename loads all data into corresponding columns 4 LOAD filename c3 load first column of data into c3 etc LOAD myfile dat c3 LIST This commmand will load the the data into a single column or range even if it is several columns wide in the data file MOVE range1 range2 if exp For copying a section to another section They do not have to be the same shape The pointer to the destination is only increased if the line or column is coppied e g 4 MOVE ci c2c3 4 MOVE r4r2 rir2 4 MOVE cic3r6r100 c6c8 if cl lt c2 4 MOVE C1 C2 IF C1 lt 4 ci c2 Co N O O N See COPY command SORT range ON ezp Sort entire rows of the da

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