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EPM-441A - MHz Electronics, Inc

1. 4 6 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 214 220 221 222 224 226 230 231 231 Error Messages Error Messages Trigger deadlock TRIG SOUR was set to HOLD or BUS and a READ Or MEASure was attempted expecting TRIG SOUR to be set to IMMediate Parameter error Frequency list must be in ascending order Indicates that the frequencies entered using the MEMory TABLe FREQuency command are not in ascending order Settings conflict This command occurs under a variety of conflicting conditions The following list gives a few examples of where this error may occur elf the READ parameters do not match the current settings f you are in fast mode and attempting to switch on for example averaging duty cyde or limits e Trying to dear a sensor calibration table when none is selected Data out of range A numeric parameter valueis outsidethe valid range for the command For example SENS FREQ 2KHZ Illegal parameter value A discrete parameter was received which was not a valid choice for the command You may have used an invalid parameter choice For example TRIG SOUR EXT Lists not same length This occurs when SENSe CORRection CSET STATe is set to ON and the frequency and calibration lists do not correspond in length Data corrupt or stale This occurs when a FETC is attempted and either a reset has been received or the power meter state has changed such that the cu
2. Freq 50 00MHz Cal Fac Cal Fac Note Depending on the power meter s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys Thetext on these softkey labels appears grayed out Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information Meas Setup Menu Max Meter 20 000 dBm Dati Anig Anlg Mtr 70 000 dBm Display Scaling Format X Resolution Meas 1234 Setup 3 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference The Front Panel Menu Maps Rel Offset Menu Rel Off On I Rel Offset Offset Off On Offset 0 000dB Save Recall Menu r Save Enter m Recall Recall Edit Char Name BER har Done Cancel Note Depending on the power meter s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys Thetext on these softkey labels appears grayed out Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 5 Menu Reference The Front Panel Menu Maps System Inputs Menu HP IB Addr SCPI 19 Command HP 437B Set Edit Cal TE Change Table Table On Insert Delete L HP IB L Done IL Done Filter m Sensor Cal Off On System Tables Filter Inputs Input AUTO Settings Duty Cycle Off On Power Ref Duty Cycle SEE 4 000 Offset Off On Offset
3. 10 dBm 100 pW 20 dBm 10 pW 30 dBm 1 uW 40 dBm 100 nW 50 dBm 10 nw 60 dBm 1 nW i stem To set the maximum value press 3 ca Recorder Output Max Power and enter the value 3 Press Min Power and enter O W 4 Press Output Off On to on appropriate 2 40 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations To reduce repeated setup sequences uptoten power meter configurations can be stored in the power meter s non volatile memory The HP IB address and command set the data stored in the sensor calibration tables and the zeroing and calibration data are not stored by a preset The calibration table selected is not affected Power meter configurations are saved and recalled with the Sal hardkey To savethe current measurement setup 1 Press 2 Usethe and hardkeys to scroll through the displayed files When the required file is highlighted press Save 3 Press Confirm If you require to modify the name of a file 1 Press 2 Usethe Ld and X hardkeys to scroll through the displayed files When therequired fileis highlighted press Edit Name The power meter displays the file name in a pop up window Modify this name see below until the desired name is displayed m Use 2 or to modify the character on which the cursor is currently positioned Use or to move to
4. K Keyboard key description 3 21 keyboard self test 2 51 keys 3 3 L language 2 38 LED 3 25 legal information iii limit setting 1 8 2 30 Limits key description 3 19 Limits Off On key description 3 19 line power characteristic 5 13 Lithium Battery key description 3 21 logarithmic units 2 20 loss 2 24 lower limit 2 30 M maintenance 2 52 maps 3 3 Max key description 3 12 3 19 M ax Power key description 3 20 M eas Setup key description 3 12 menu map 3 4 M easure Assembl y key description 3 21 measurement assembly self test 2 50 limits 2 30 noise characteristic 5 7 noise definition 5 12 pulsed signals 2 28 relative 2 22 speed 5 6 units 2 20 using calibration tables 2 12 with HP E series sensors 2 8 memory 5 16 save and recall 2 41 menu maps 3 3 menu title 1 8 Meter Dgtl Anlg key description 3 12 Min key description 3 12 3 19 Min Power key description 3 20 missing parameter error message 4 4 More key description 3 13 negative readings 2 20 Next key description 3 20 noise characteristic 5 7 non volatile memory 5 16 numeric data not allowed error message 4 5 numeric entry window 1 13 oO Offset key description 3 14 3 18 Offset Off On key description 3 14 3 18 offsets 2 24 operating environment 5 14 operating voltage 1 14 options xi out of memory error message 4 9 Output Off On key description 3 20 overlooked errors 2 54 overview xii P
5. 6 Press cam The current setting of the frequency is displayed under the Freq softkey 7 Tochange this setting press Freq The power meter displays the frequency in a pop up window Modify this frequency see below as desired oa to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned m Use or gt to move to other digits 8 Toconfirm your choice press the appropriate frequency units 9 Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured 10 The measurement result is now displayed 2 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP E Series Power Sensors Example To make a measurement using an HP E series power sensor The frequency of thesignal to be measured is 100 MHz Disconnect the power sensor from any source Press amp Press Zero Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output Press Cal Press Lek Freq Usethe gt 2 and hardkeys to enter 100 Press MHz Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured The measurement result is now displayed HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 9 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors This section applies to all HP 8480 series power sensors It does not apply totheHP E series power sensors For theHP 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of providing correction data to the po
6. Arrow hardkeys a and X hardkeys allow you to move the position of the cursor select fields for editing and edit alphanumeric characters Refer to Chapter 3 for further information Menu related hardkeys This hardkey allows you to move through all pages of a menu The bottom right of the power meter display indicates the number of pages in the menu For example if 1 of 2 is displayed pressing More moves you to 2 of 2 Pressing More again moves you back to 1 of 2 This hardkey allows you to move back one level in the S oftkey menu Repeatedly pressing accesses a menu which allows you to increase and decrease the display contrast Softkeys These four keys are used to make a selection from the menus HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started The Display Layout The Display Layout The following figure details the display layout when two measurement windows are displayed one analog and one digital However it is possible using the key to display just one measurement window 14 13 12 11 109 1 LCL ERR 8 Freq Dty Rng Ofs Rel Offset 50 00MHz Cyc Hid Over Off DIU 2 Lmt_ Offset 3 dB 1 000dB 4 7 ange 19 42dBm UPPER NANNI Limits 70 000dBm 20 000dBm e 6 1 Thestatus reporting line displays five fields three associated with the HP IB status and two associated with error and warning conditions The first field di
7. Display Assembly e Calibrator e Measurement Assembly e Communications Assembly Implicit The communications assembly is tested implicitly in that the command will not be accepted or return a result unless the HP IB interface is functioning correctly Refer to Test Descriptions on page 2 50 if you require a description of each individual test When the TST command is executed the screen is cleared As each test takes place the name of the test is listed on the screen While a test is running the message Testing appears next tothe name of the test As each stage of the test is completed the message Testing is replaced by either the message Passed or Failed HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 49 Power Meter Operation Self Test Test Descriptions This section specifies what is actually checked by each ofthetests Some of the tests may only be applicable to one method of invocation for example from the front panel If this is the case it is specified in the test description M ost of the tests have an associated error message which is added tothe HP IB error queue if thetest fails The exception tothis is the bitmap display test Refer to Chapter 4 Error Messages for details on these error messages ROM Checksum This test calculates the checksum of the firmware and checks it against the pre defined checksum stored on the ROM A pass or a fail result is returned RAM This test carries out
8. ZEIT CAAT barr kar he Sy zr KAREL EVO FH Agilent ERI IT VEY bh FI A AY RASH EBRBLTC REV TS Earby ke yA PORTH 3 VY be OS BY Hee KEE KR KEDI EL RA GURTZERA LY HA BRIS 2 32BZCBRORELAGER 27 00 RAE SORMRBOLBEELCTRIET Bil PLTA HP 4294A H H Agilent 42944 EL L CBx v 7 ULC330 ETP User s Guide HP EPM E4418A EPM 441A Power Meter Hi eguren HP Part no E4418 90000 April 22 1997 Copyright Hewlett Packard Company All rights reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws Printed intheUK il HP EPM 441A User s Guide Legal Information Legal Information Notice Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice Hewlett Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Hewlett Packard shall not beliablefor errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings performance or use of this material No part of this document may be photocopied reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of HP Certification Hewlett Packard Company certifies that this prod
9. 138 Error Messages Error Messages Undefined header A command was received that is not valid for this power meter You may have misspelled the command or it may not be valid command If you are using the short form of the command remember that it may contain up to four letters For example TRIGG SOUR IMM Invalid character in number An invalid character was found in the number specified for a parameter value For example SENS AVER COUN 128 H Exponent too large A numeric parameter was found whose exponent was larger than 32 000 For example SENS COUN 1E34000 Too many digits A numeric parameter was found whose mantissa contained more than 255 digits exduding leading zeros Numeric data not allowed A numeric value was received within a command which does not accept a numeric value For example MEM CLE 24 Invalid suffix A suffix was incorrectly specified for a numeric parameter You may have misspelled the suffix For example SENS FREQ 200KZ Suffix too long A suffix used contained more than 12 characters For example SENS FREQ 2MHZZZZZZZZZZZ2 Suffix not allowed A suffix was received following a numeric parameter which does not accept a suffix For example INIT CONT OHz HP EPM 441A User s Guide 4 5 148 151 158 161 168 178 211 213 Error Messages Error Messages Character data not allowed A discrete parameter was
10. 2 37 SGAE d laldea 2 37 Programming Language Selection rra 2 38 Recorder Output aede eere ated edges 2 39 Leveling a Source Output ra 2 40 Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations 2 41 How Measurements are Calculated sss 2 43 Presetting the Power M eter rra 2 44 Preset Conditions a 2 44 ENERO ET 2 45 gegia 2 46 Power On Self Te St a 2 46 Front Panel Selection of Self Teete 2 47 AGE ME aa AL AAN 2 49 Test Descriptions nennen 2 50 Contents 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Operator Maintenance 2 52 Replacing the Power LineFuse sees 2 52 Contacting Hewlett Packard ra 2 53 Before calling Hewlett Packard rrura 2 53 Check the Basics a nnns 2 54 Instrument serial number 2 54 Sales and Service Offices rru 2 56 Returning Your Power Meter for BGAE rrara 2 59 Menu Reference eee ernennen 3 1 Introduction eier E 3 2 The Front Panel Menu Maps rra 3 3 dBM W Menu anerkennen 3 3 Frequency Cal Fac Menu rra 3 4 Meas Setup MG 3 4 Rel Offset M enu rrua 3 5 Save Recall Menu rru 3 5 System Inputs Menu rra 3 6 System Inputs Menu GOES rru 3 7 Zero Cal M enu detti Ges 3 8 Front Panel Menu Reference essen 3 9 Diagrammatical Hardkeys rra 3 24 Error Messages AAA 4 1 Introduction aaa 4 2 EO Ek TE 4 4 e USA LAE 5 1 Heda alaz qM 5 2 Power Meter Specifications sssessseresiesrierissrnrrssrrrrnernnernnnses 5 3 Meter doct oe er 5 3 ee ele 5
11. EEC This indudes Generic Immunity Standard EN 50082 1 1992 and Radiated Interference Standard EN 55011 1991 CISPR11 1990 Group 1 Class A Operating Environment Temperature 0 C to 559C Maximum Humidity 95 at 40 C non condensing Minimum Humidity 15 at 40 C non condensing Maximum Altitude 3 000 meters 9 840 feet Location For useindoors Storage Conditions Storage Temperature 209C to 70 C Non Operating Maximum Humidity 90 at 65 C non condensing Non Operating Maximum Altitude 15 240 meters 50 000 feet 5 14 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications General General Dimensions The following dimensions exclude front and rear panel protrusions 212 6 mm W x 88 5 mm H x 348 3 mm D 8 5 in x 3 5in x 13 7 in Weight Net 4 0 Kg 8 8 Ib Shipping 7 9 Kg 17 4 Ib Safety Conforms to the following Product Specifications e EN61010 1 1993 EC 1010 1 19904A 1 CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 1993 e EN60825 1 1994 I EC 825 1 1993 Class 1 Low Voltage Directive 72 23 EEC Remote Programming Interface HP IB interface operates to IEEE 488 2 Command Language SCPI standard interface commands HP 437B code compatible HP IB Compatibility SH1 AH1 T6 TEO LA LEO SRL RL1 PPL DCL DT1 CO HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 15 Specifications General Non Volatile Memory Battery Lithium Polycarbon Monoflouride approximate lifetime 5 years at 25 C 5 16 HP EPM 441A Use
12. More 0 000 dB Limits Ranget Off On AUTO L Max L Limits 34 100 mW HP E series r sensors onl Min t series power sensors only HUS Note Depending on the power meter s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys Thetext on these softkey labels appears grayed out Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information 3 6 HP EPM 441A User s Guide System Inputs Menu Continued Menu Reference The Front Panel Menu Maps Clear Errors m Next Done Output Error On List Max Power Recorder 20 000 dBm e More Output Min Power mpm 70 000 dBm m Service r Self Test Display Version Instrument Self Test ROM Checksum Confidence Check RAM m Individual Battery Measure Assembl Tag y Calibrator GER VO Keyboard ege GGe Set Contrast B i Bitmap Display Di splays Set Brightness play HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 7 Menu Reference The Front Panel Menu Maps Zero Cal Menu L Zero Zero ES Cal Ref CF 100 0 Power Ref Off On Note Depending on the power meter s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys The text on these softkey labels appears grayed out Refer to the appropriate softkey descriptions for further information 3 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Re
13. Power sensor dependent refer to Table 5 3 Measurement Noise Power sensor dependent refer to Table 5 2 and Table 5 3 Averaging effects on measurement noise Averaging over 1 to 1024 readings is available for reducing noise Table 5 3 provides the measurement noise for a particular power sensor with the number of averages set to 16 for normal mode and 32 for x2 mode Usethe Noise Multiplier for the appropriate mode normal or x2 and number of averages to determine the total measurement noise value For example for an HP 8481D power sensor in normal mode with the number of averages set to 4 the measurement noise is equal to 45 pW x 2 75 2 124 pW Table 5 2 Noise Multiplier Number of Averages 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 Noise Multiplier Normal Mode 5 5 3 89 2 75 1 94 1 0 0 85 0 61 0 49 0 34 0 24 0 17 Noise Multiplier x2 mode 65 46 3 25 23 1 18 10 0 72 0 57 0 41 0 29 0 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 7 Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Table 5 3 Power Sensor Specifications Power Sensor ZeroDrift Measurement Noise HP 8481A lt 10 nW lt 110 nW HP 8481B 10 uW lt 110 uW HP 8481D t4 pW lt 45 pW HP 8481H 1 uW lt 10 uW HP 8482A lt 10 nW 110nW HP 8482B 10 uW lt 110 uW HP 8482H 1 uW lt 10 uW HP 848
14. Press this softkey to display the measurement results in dB Bi Press this softkey to display the measurement results in 96 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 9 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Frequency Cal Fac Menu Cal Fac The softkey menu structured to this hardkey affects the channel setup Press this hardkey to access the Frequency Cal Fac menu which allows you to enter the frequency of the signal to be measured or the calibration factor Depending on the type of power sensor connected and whether or not a sensor calibration table is selected the text on some softkeys may appear grayed out This indicates that they are not relevant in the power meter s current mode of operation Table 3 1 details the relevant softkeys in various modes of operation Table 3 1 Sensor Calibration Table Sensor Calibration Table Selected Not Selected Sensor Model Frequency Cal Factor Frequency Cal Factor Freq Cal Fac Freq Cal Fac HP 8480 Frequency can TheCal Factor is Frequency The Cal Factor can series be entered obtained from the cannot be be entered Default power Default value sensor calibration entered value is 100 sensors is 50 MHz table but can be overridden by this softkey HP E series Not Applicable Not Applicable Frequency can The Cal Factor power be entered cannot be entered it sensors Default value is obtained from the is 50 MHz EEPROM inthe power sensor Press this
15. Produkte mit dem Namen Nummer HP XXXX lauten nun mehr Agilent XXXX Z B das Modell HP 8648 hei t nun Agilent 8648 Questo manuale potrebbe contenere riferimenti ad HP o Hewlett Packard Si noti che le attivit precedentemente gestite da Hewlett Packard nel campo di Test amp Misura Semiconduttori ed Analisi Chimica sono ora diventate parte di Agilent Technologies Al fine di ridurre il rischio di confusione l unica modifica effettuata sui numeri di prodotto e sui nomi ha riguardato il prefisso con il nome dell azienda dove precedentemente compariva HP XXXX compare ora Agilent XXXX Ad esempio il modello HP8648 ora indicato come Agilent 8648 Este manual puede hacer referencias a HP o Hewlett Packard Las organizaciones de Prueba y Medici n Test and Measurement Semiconductores Semiconductor Products y An lisis Qu mico Chemical Analysis que pertenec an a Hewlett Packard ahora forman parte de Agilent Technologies Para reducir una potencial confusi n el nico cambio en el n mero de producto y nombre es el prefijo de la compa a Si el producto sol a ser HP XXXX ahora pasa a ser Agilent XXXX Por ejemplo el modelo HP8648 es ahora Agilent 8648 EIZ BRI GES E EST ESSE BIRT ZE ORI TZEZ AT RR GOIE SAM i v7 f STR Bup XXxx HD ER un Fu GEO en RISA oie ceca GO Document Part Number 5971 2669 Printed in the UK September 2004 Agilent Technologies SZ e TE La e Fri Za EE AS SCHR OD TAP YHP
16. Retain copies of all shipping papers HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 59 Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard 2 60 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Menu Reference Introduction Introduction This chapter is a referenceto the softkey menu structure of the power meter The Front Panel Menu Maps starting on page 3 3 details the menus diagrammatically Front Panel Menu Reference starting on page 3 9 details the menus descriptively 3 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference The Front Panel Menu Maps The Front Panel Menu Maps Thefollowing diagrams detail the structure of the softkey menus which are accessed through the following seven hardkeys requency e al Fac Ol H lt a E fs 3 M z ave Recal System Inputs Note On your power meter some softkey labels have numeric values displayed under them These values show the current setting of that softkey Sincethese values are variablethey are shown in a grayed out text on thefollowing menu maps dBm W Menu dBm W dBm W dB Note Depending on the power meter s setup you will be unable to select certain softkeys Thetext on these softkey labels appears grayed out Refer tothe appropriate softkey descriptions for further information HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 3 Menu Reference The Front Panel Menu Maps Frequency Cal Fac Menu
17. e Sound Pressure LpA 70 dB e Am Arbeitsplatz e Normaler Betrieb e Nach DIN 45635 T 19 Typprufung Manufacturers Declaration This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound DIN 45635 T 19 Typprufung e Sound Pressure LpA lt 70 dB e At operator position e Normal operation e According to ISO 7779 Type Test Australian EMC Regulations ca HEWLETT PB PACKARD The C Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework Regulations under the terms of the Radiocommunications Act of 1992 Vili HP EPM 441A User s Guide Declaration of Conformity Declaration of Conformity Manufacturer s Name Manufacturer s Address Queensferry Microwave Division South Queensferry West Lothian EH30 9TG Scotland United Kingdom Declares that the product Product Name Power Meter Model Number s HP EPM 441A and HP EPM 442A Product Option s All Conforms to the following Product Specifications Safety EN61010 1 1993 IEC 1010 1 1990 A1 CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 1993 EN60825 1 1994 IEC 825 1 1993 Class 1 EN 55011 1991 CISPR11 1990 Group 1 Class A EN 50082 1 1992 Supplementary Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 72 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC and carries the CE marking accordingly South Queensferry Scotland Dec
18. 4 Power Reference rra 5 5 Power Meter Supplemental Characterlstice 5 6 Power Reference rra 5 6 Measurement Speed A 5 6 Zero Drift Of Sensors 5 7 Measurement Nose rra 5 7 Settling TIMER RR 5 9 Power Sensor Specifications rra 5 12 General Characteristlce ra 5 13 Rear Panel Connector rra 5 13 Environmental Characterlstice 5 14 General Conditions 5 14 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Contents 3 Operating Environment a 5 14 Storage Conditions ra 5 14 General nu aa a eere ye rase Rasen 5 15 BITA AA 5 15 Weight eben la 5 15 B Gk et EEE Er A erda 5 15 Remote Programming rra 5 15 Non Volatile Memory rrua 5 16 Contents 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide List of Figures 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 4 1 Page Sensor TIS Gcreen rru 2 13 Edit Cal Screen EE 2 14 Effect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement 2 25 Averaged Readings rrua 2 27 P lsed I pal teei eege arturiko Eee Pom Preterea 2 28 Limits Checking Application rrua 2 30 Limits Checking Results rra 2 31 Pass Fail Limit lndcators rra 2 32 Digital Display nun ee BR ne 2 33 dailla RRE EE 2 33 Digital and Analog Display rra 2 33 Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements 2 39 Save Recall Screen rru 2 42 How Measurements are Calculated sssss 2 43 Replacing the Fuse rra 2 52 Error Annunciator Position 4 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide
19. 86 4 29 GHz 94 4 48 GHz 85 3 30 GHz 94 49 GHz 847 31GHz 93 7 50GHz 82 9 32GHz 93 8 33 GHz 93 34 GHz 932 34 5 GHz 93 5 35 GHz 93 1 36 GHz 92 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 19 Power Meter Operation Setting the Units of Measurement Setting the Units of Measurement The dBm W menu is used to select the measurement units on the currently selected window These can either be logarithmic dBm or dB or linear Watt or 96 units sets the measurement units to dBm logarithmic units Table 2 2 shows which units are applicableto the individual measurement modes Press then select the unit of measurement from dBm W dB or amp Softkeys which cannot be selected in your particular mode of operation appear with their text grayed out Note When the unit of measurement is set to Watt it is possible that negative power measurements may be displayed when measuring low power levels Table 2 2 Measurement Units Relative Mode Off Relative Mode On Measurement Mode Linear Log Linear Log Single Channel Watt dBm dB 1 When relative mode is on that is EM Rel Off On is On the measurement is compared to a reference value 2 20 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys In various softkey menu structures you are required to enter
20. 942 30GHz 94 1 29 GHz 94 5 31 GHz 93 5 30 GHz 96 6 32GHz 93 7 31GHz 97 6 33 GHz 93 7 32 GHz 98 34 GHz 94 9 33 GHz 98 9 34 5 GHz 94 5 34 GHz 99 5 35 GHz 94 4 34 5 GHz 99 36 GHz 93 7 35 GHz 97 6 37 GHz 94 9 36 GHz 99 38 GHz 93 5 37 GHz 98 2 39 GHz 93 9 38 GHz 97 4 40 GHz 92 3 39 GHz 97 6 40 GHz 100 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables HP 8487A HP 8487A continued RCF 100 37 GHz 92 4 50 MHz 100 38 GHz 90 9 100 MHz 99 9 39 GHz 91 3 500 MHz 98 6 40 GHz 914 1GHz 99 8 41GHz 90 6 2GHz 99 5 42 GHz 89 9 3GHz 98 9 43 GHz 89 1 4GHz 98 8 44 GHz 88 1 5 GHz 98 6 45 GHz 86 9 6 GHz 98 5 46 GHz 85 8 7 GHz 98 4 47 GHz 85 4 8GHz 98 3 48 GHz 832 9 GHz 98 3 49 GHz 81 6 10GHz 98 3 50 GHz 80 2 11GHz 98 1 Q8486A 12 GHz 97 9 RCF 100 13 GHz 98 50MHz 100 14 GHz 98 2 33 5 GHz 91 3 15 GHz 97 7 34 5 GHz 92 16 GHz 96 8 35 GHz 91 7 17GHz 97 36 GHz 91 5 18 GHz 96 3 37 GHz 92 1 19 GHz 95 9 38GHz 91 7 20 GHz 95 2 39 GHz 91 21GHz 95 6 40 GHz 90 7 22 GHz 95 5 41GHz 903 23 GHz 95 4 42 GHz 89 5 24 GHz 95 43 GHz 88 5 25 GHz 95 4 44 GHz 887 26 GHz 952 45 GHz 882 27 GHz 95 1 46 GHz 87 28 GHz 95 47 GHz
21. CE mark shows that the product complies with all the relevant European legal Directives if accompanied by a year it signifies when the design was proven This is the symbol of an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association External Protective Earth Terminal While this is a Class product provided with a protective earthing conductor in a power cord an external protective earthing terminal has also been provided This terminal is for use wherethe earthing cannot be assured At least an 18AWG earthing conductor should be used in such an instance to ground the instrument to an assured earth terminal vi HP EPM 441A User s Guide General Safety Considerations IEC 1010 1 Compliance This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010 1 A1 1992 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use and has been supplied in a safe condition The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition HP EPM 441A User s Guide Vil Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Sound Emission Herstellerbescheinigung Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenlarminformationsverordnung vom 18 J anuar 1991
22. Contents 5 Contents 6 HP EPM 441A User s Guide List of Tables 2 1 3 1 5 1 5 2 5 4 5 5 Page Connectingthe HP 8480 Series Power Sensors During Calibration rra 2 7 Measurement Units sess 2 20 GA 3 10 Zero Set Specifications ru 5 4 Noise Multiple 5 7 Power Sensor Gpeclflcattons essen 5 8 Settling Eine s n nie 5 9 Setting EH 5 10 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Contents 7 Contents 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started Getting Started Introduction Introduction One of the first things you will want to do with your power meter is to switch it on and become acquainted with its front panel The sections in this chapter prepare the power meter for use and help you get familiar with some of the front panel operations Thefront panel consists of both hardkeys and softkeys which allow you to select various functions and operations When some hardkeys are selected the corresponding softkey labels are displayed on the power meter display If you are using the power meter remotely refer to the HP EPM 441A 442A Programming Guidefor remote operating details 1 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started Turning On the Power Meter Turning On the Power Meter The following steps show you how to turn on the power meter and verify that it is operating correctly 1 Connectthe power cord and turn on the power meter The front panel display and the green power LED light up
23. F failures 2 31 fail indicator 1 8 fail limits 2 30 field selection 3 24 filter 2 26 Filter key description 3 18 Filter Off On key description 3 18 Freq key description 3 10 frequency range 5 13 specification 5 3 frequency characteristic of power reference 5 6 F requency Cal Fac key description 3 10 menu map 3 4 fuse 1 14 replacing 2 52 G gain 2 24 GET not allowed error message 4 4 getting started 1 1 H handle adjusting 1 15 hardkeys 1 4 1 6 3 3 hardware missing error message 4 8 Hewlett Packard contacting 2 53 offices 2 56 HP 437B key description 3 16 HP IB 1 14 compatibility 5 15 connector characteristic 5 13 language selection 2 38 setting of address 2 37 HP IB Addr key description 3 16 HP IB key description 3 16 humidity characteristic 5 14 illegal parameter value error message 4 7 increment digits 3 25 Individual key description 3 21 init ignored error message 4 6 Index 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Input Settings key description 3 17 Insert Char key description 3 15 Insert key description 3 17 installing in cabinet 1 16 instrument self test 2 48 serial numbers 1 14 2 54 Instrument Self Test key description 3 20 interface bus language selection 2 38 setting of address 2 37 invalid block data error message 4 6 character in number error message 4 5 character error message 4 4 separator error message 4 4 string data error message 4 6 suffix error message 4 5
24. Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements Literature Number 5965 6630 5 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications Power Meter Specifications Power Meter Specifications Meter Frequency Range 100 kHz to 50 GHz and 75 GHz to 110 GHz power sensor dependent Power Range 70 dBm to 444 dBm 100 pW to 25 W power sensor dependent Power Sensors Compatible with all HP 8480 series power sensors and HP ECP series power sensors Single Sensor Dynamic Range 90 dB maximum HP ECP series power sensors 50 dB maximum HP 8480 series power sensors Display Units Absolute Watts or dBm Relative Percent or dB Display Resolution Selectable resolution of 1 0 0 1 0 01 and 0 001 dB in logarithmic mode or 1 2 3 and 4 significant digits in linear mode Default Resolution 0 01 dB in logarithmic mode 3 digits in linear mode HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 3 Specifications Power Meter Specifications Accuracy Instrumentation Absolute 0 02 dB Logarithmic or 0 5 Linear Refer to the power sensor linearity specification in your power sensor manual to assess overall system accuracy Relative 0 04 dB Logarithmic or 1 0 Linear Refer to the power sensor linearity specification in your power sensor manual to assess overall system accuracy Zero Set digital settability of zero Power sensor dependent refer to Table 5 1 For HP ECP series power sensors this specification applie
25. Map Reference This chapter details diagrammatically the menu maps for the power meter It also gives a description of all the power meter s keys Chapter 4 Error Messages This chapter lists the error messages that may appear as you are working with the power meter Each description contains information to help you diagnose and solve the problem Chapter 5 Specifications This chapter lists the power meter s specifications and describes how to interpret these specifications xii HP EPM 441A User s Guide Table of Contents Page Legal Information rra iii Equipment Operation ra V Personal Safety Conslderations V General Safety Conslderatioms sss vi AR Aate MERE vi TEC LOI0 LCompllance rra vii Regulatory Information ra viii Sound EMISSION aA viii Australian EMC Reoulattoms viii Declaration of Conformity ra ix List of Related Publications rra x HP EPM 441A Options sese xi Available Accessories rss xi About this Guide xii GettingiStarted cota d aset 1 1 als ge leg Le ED 1 2 Turning On the Power Meter rra 1 3 The Front Panel at a Glance ssssssesssesiserrssisrrrrserrnrieerisrrnnensre 1 4 The Display Lavourt na aea a a aia 1 7 Selecting Y our Display Layout ru 1 9 Window BATES rra 1 12 Warning SYMBOl EEN 1 12 Confirmation Window ra 1 12 Wait Symbol AAA 1 12 L of N Entry Window rrua 1 13 Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window 1 13 The Rear Panel at a Glane
26. Panel Menu Reference Diagramatical Keys Diagrammatical Hardkeys S Press this hardkey to assist in modifying alphanumeric data that is to be entered into the power meter This hardkey moves the position of the cursor to the left on the currently selected parameter select fields for editing on the Edit Table screen LG Press this hardkey to e assist in modifying alphanumeric data that is to be entered into the power meter This hardkey moves the position of the cursor to the right on the currently selected parameter e select fields for editing on the Edit Table screen Press this hardkey to e decrement the alphanumeric digit on which the cursor is currently positioned That is digits scroll 9 through 0 and characters lowercase z through a uppercase Z through A then underscore select fields for editing on the Edit Table screen select a tablein the Sensor Cal Tables screen select a filein the Save and Recall screens 3 24 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Diagramatical Keys Press this hardkey to e increment the alphanumeric digit on which the cursor is currently positioned That is digits scroll 0 through 9 and characters lowercase a through z uppercase A through Z then underscore select fields for editing on the Edit Table screen select atablein the Sensor Cal Tables screen e select a filein the Save and Recall screens
27. a protective earth contact Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument is likely to make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited If this instrument is not used as specified the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired This instrument must be used in a normal condition in which all means of protection are intact only No operator serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to qualified personnel To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers For continued protection against fire hazard replace the line fuse s only with fuses of the same type and rating for example normal blow time delay etc The use of other fuses or material is prohibited HP EPM 441A User s Guide General Safety Considerations General Safety Considerations WARNING Before this instrument is switched on make sure it has been properly grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a socket outlet provided with protective earth contact Any interruption of the protective grounding conductor inside or outside the instrument or disconnection ofthe protective earth terminal can result in personal injury Caution Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by trained service personnel Markings Ce ISM sp GROUP 1 CLASS A The
28. and X hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press the appropriate measurement units Min must beless than Power Ref Off On Pressthis softkey to switch the POWER REF output on or off This output is used as the signal sourcefor calibration This softkey is commonly used for troubleshooting The default is off Note During calibration the power meter automatically switches the power reference oscillator on if it is not already on then after calibration it switches it tothe state it was in prior to the calibration me Press this softkey to display any power meter errors and access a menu which allows you to dear and scroll through any power meter errors The errors are viewed in a first in first out FIFO basis HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 19 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu Clear Errors Press this softkey to dear all the errors which are stored in the power meter s memor y Next Press this softkey to move to the next error in the error queue The displayed error message is individually cleared each time Next is selected Done Press this softkey to return to the System I nputs menu Pressthis softkey to access a menu which allows you to modify the setup of the recorder output Refer to Recorder Output on page 2 39 for further information Pressthis softkey to switch the rear panel Recorder Output on or off The Recorder Output produces a dc
29. e Confidence Check Individual which accesses a menu which consists of the following tests wm ROM checksum a RAM m Battery a Measurement Assembly Calibrator m Keyboard m Display which accesses a menu which consists of the following tests e Display Assembly e Display RAM e Bitmap Displays Each of these tests can be run individually Information on the instrument self test and confidence check are described on page 2 48 Refer to Test Descriptions on page 2 50 if you require a description of the other tests When an individual test is selected the message Testing appears next to the name of the test When the test is complete the message Testing is replaced by either the message Passed or Failed This pass fail indication excludes the keyboard test and the bitmap display test both of which rely on your interaction to detect a failure When the individual test is complete the result is displayed until Done is selected If the self test failed information about the failure is displayed on the screen HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 47 Power Meter Operation Self Test Instrument Self Test If Instrument Self Test is selected the following tests are run these are the same tests which are run using the TST command ROM checksum RAM Battery Display Assembly Calibrator Measurement Assembly As each test takes place the name of thetest is listed on the screen While atest
30. hardkeys to scroll through the displayed tables When the table you want to edit is highlighted press Edit Cal Table The Edit Cal screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2 2 on page 2 14 In this screen you can modify add and remove frequency and calibration factors and also edit the table name Usethe 2 and hardkeys to move between the table name and its frequency and calibration factors A frequency in the range of 0 1 MHz to 999 999 GHz can be entered 1 DEFAULT is a sensor calibration tablein which the reference calibration factor and calibration factors are 10096 This sensor calibration table can be used during the performance testing of the power meter 2 The HP 8482B and HP 8482H power sensors use the same data as the HP 8482A HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 15 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables A calibration factor in the range of 1 to 150 can be entered Thefollowing rules apply to naming sensor calibration tables Thename must consist of no more than 12 characters m AI characters must be upper or lower case alphabetic characters or numeric 0 9 or an underscore m Nocher characters are allowed a No spaces are allowed in the name 2 Toedit the parameter you currently have selected press Change The power meter displays the data in a pop up window Modify this data see below as desired m Use Or X to modify the character on which the cursor is curre
31. off The default is off The reference value is set using Rel Rel Press this softkey to use the current reading as the reference value This allows you to compare any measurement result in dB or percentage Rel Off On is automatically set to on when Rel is pressed Press this softkey to toggle the display offset value on or off The default is off The offset value is set using Offset Press this softkey to enter a display offset value Use the i and hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press dB Offset Off On is automatically set to on when a valueis entered using Offset D HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Save Recall Menu Recall The softkey menu strucured tothis hardkey affects the system setup Press this hardkey to access the Save Recall menu and screen which allows you to save and recall setups which you use frequently Save Press this softkey to save the current setup of the power meter to the highlighted file First usethe and X hardkeys to scroll through the displayed files When the required file is highlighted press Save e Recall Press this softkey to recall a required power meter setup from the highlighted file First use the and hardkeys to scroll through the displayed files When the required file is highlighted press Recall Edit Name Press this softkey to change a file name First usethe and hardkeys to
32. other characters m Use Insert Char and Delete Char as required 3 To confirm your choice press Enter To recall a measurement setup 1 Press 2 Usethe 4 and hardkeys to scroll through the displayed files When the required file is highlighted press Recall 3 Press Confirm HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 41 Power Meter Operation Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations Figure 2 13 Save Recall Screen LCL Reg Name GO GO d GO E RUN sz GO statei state2 state3 state4 states states state states State9 Status Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available Available 2 42 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation How Measurements are Calculated How Measurements are Calculated Figure 2 14 details how measurements are calculated It shows the position in which the various power meter functions are implemented in the measurement calculation Figure 2 14 How Measurements are Calculated Channel Functions Window Functions Channel A eer Cal Factor NET EE Sd Upper Window Recorder Output Displa Offset Lower Window HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 43 Power Meter Operation Presetting the Power Meter Presetting the Power Meter This section details the power meter s preset conditions TheHP IB address and command set the data stored in the sens
33. power has been switched off HP EPM 441A User s Guide 4 3 101 102 103 105 108 109 112 Error Messages Error Messages Error Messages Invalid character An invalid character was found in the command string You may have inserted a character such as or in the command header or within a parameter For example LIM LOW O4 Syntax error Invalid syntax was found in the command string For example LIM CLE AUTO 10r LIM CLE AUTO 1 Invalid separator An invalid separator was found in the command string You may have used a comma instead of a colon semicolon or blank space or you may have used a blank space instead of a comma For example OUTP ROSC 1 GET not allowed A Group Execute Trigger GET is not allowed within a command string Parameter not allowed More parameters were recei ved than expected for the command You may have entered an extra parameter or added a parameter to a command that does not accept a parameter For example CAL 10 Missing parameter Fewer parameters were received than expected for the command You omitted one or more parameters that are required for this command For example AVER COUN Program mnemonic too long A command header was received which contained more than the maximum 12 characters allowed For example SENSeAVERageCOUNt 8 4 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 113 121 123 124 128 131 134
34. received but a character string or a numeric parameter was expected Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter type For example MEM CLE CUSTOM 1 Invalid string data An invalid string was received Check to see if you have endosed the character string in single or double quotes For example MEM CLE CUSTOM 1 String data not allowed A character string was received but is not allowed for the command Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter type For example LIM STAT ON Invalid block data A block data element was expected but was invalid for some reason For example DDT 415FET Theb5in the string indicates that 5 characters should follow whereas in this example there are only 3 Block data not allowed A legal block data element was encountered but not allowed by the power meter at this point For example SYST LANG 15FETC Expression data not allowed A legal expression data was encountered but not allowed by the power meter at this point For example SYST LANG 5 2 Trigger ignored Indicates that GET Or TRG Or TRIG IMM Was received and recognized by the device but was ignored because the power meter was not in the wait for trigger state Init ignored Indicates that a request for a measurement initiation was ignored as the power meter was already initiated For example INIT CONT ON INIT
35. reference calibration factor is obtained from the sensor calibration table and displayed under the Ref CF softkey Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output Press Cal tocalibrate the power meter During calibration the wait symbol is displayed The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output Press cata The current setting of the frequency is displayed under the Freq softkey To change this setting press Freq The power meter displays the frequency in a pop up window Modify this frequency see below as desired n Use 4 or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned m Use or to move to other digits HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 13 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables 8 Toconfirm your choice press the appropriate frequency unit 9 Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured 10 The measurement result is now displayed Note If the measurement frequency does not correspond directly to a frequency in the sensor calibration table the power meter calculates the calibration factor using linear interpolation If you enter a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the sensor calibration table the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to set the calibration factor The value of the calibration factor being used by the power meter to make a measurement is display
36. scroll between the displayed files When the file name you require to change is highlighted press A pop up window appears on the screen Use the lt 2 gt gt 4 Insert char and Delete Char keys tchangethe Me name To confirm your choice press Enter sm Enter Press this softkey to accept your edited file name as a new name m Insert Char Press this softkey to insert an additional character The character is inserted prior to the one which is currently highlighted A maximum of 12 characters can be used m Delete Char Press this softkey to deletethe character which is currently highlighted The minimum number of characters allowed is 1 Cancel Press this softkey to revert back tothe original file name ignoring your editing Done Press this softkey to return to the measurement screen HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 15 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu Inputs The softkey menu structured to this hardkey affects the system setup and the channel setup Press this hardkey to access the System I nputs menu This menu allows you to set up a variety of conditions for your power meter for example HP IB address sensor calibration tables averaging duty cyde range Offset service It also allows you to review errors HP IB Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to set the HP IB address and select the HP IB command set you want to use m HP IB Addr Pres
37. softkey to enter the frequency of the signal to be measured on channel A in the range of 0 1 MHz to 999 999 GHz The default value is 50 MHz Usethe LG gt C and hardkeys to change the frequency To confirm your choice press the appropriate frequency unit Entering a frequency using this softkey is only possible when you have a sensor calibration table selected or you are using an HP E series power sensor 3 10 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Frequency Cal Fac Menu Cal Fac Press this softkey to enter the measurement calibration factor for channel A in the range of 1 to 150 The default value is 100 Usethe c gt and hardkeys to change the calibration factor To confirm your choice press Entering a calibration factor using this softkey is only possible when you are using an HP 8480 series power sensor HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 11 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Meas Setup Menu Meas Setup The softkey menu structured to this hardkey affects the currently selected window Press to select the upper or lower measurement window on the power meter s display The window which is selected is highlighted by a shadowed box and the set up you create is implemented in this window Press this hardkey to access the Meas Setup menu This menu allows you to set up a variety of conditions in the currently selected measurement window for example an analog or dig
38. ssesssssssiessisrrireserrnresrrsrrrnrnsren 1 14 Adjusting the Carrying Handlen 1 15 Rack Mounting the Power Meter rrua 1 16 Power Meter Operation rra 2 1 als e lege yao CES 2 2 Zeroing the Power Meter AAA 2 3 Calibrating the Power Meter rra 2 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Contents 1 Calibration Procedure Using HP E Series Power Sensors AAE 2 5 Calibration Procedure using HP 8480 Series Power Sensors akara eid dedii d ede e areak 2 5 Making Measurements with the HP E Series Power Sensors nci e teeth qual dan 2 8 Procedure aeri ee Rae gag 2 8 Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors aco die beenden Ca RERO ee Ere uei Eus 2 10 Proced re s oo abso eiu teo 2 10 Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables 2 12 Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table 2 12 Making the Measurement rra 2 13 Editing Sensor Calibration Tables s 2 14 Setting the Units of Measuremment 2 20 Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys 2 21 Making Relative Measurements rra 2 22 ge es aA 2 22 Setting the Resolution rra 2 23 Setting Offsets en een hell 2 24 Setting Channel Offsets rra 2 24 Setting Display Offsets rra 2 24 Setting Averaging rra 2 26 Measuring Pulsed Gionals sse 2 28 Setting Measurement Limits rra 2 30 Checking for Limit Falures eese 2 31 Selecting a Digital or Analog Display 2 33 Setting the Range sa 2 36 Configuring the Remote Interface
39. value on or off The default is on Thefilter valueis set using Filter EEE Press this softkey to enter the filter length The filter is used to reduce noise obtain the desired resolution and to reduce jitter in the measurement results Usethe and hardkeys to change the value The default value is AUTO Filter Off On is automatically set to on when a value is entered using Filter Refer to Setting Averaging on page 2 26 for further information Press this softkey to togglethe duty cycle value on or off The default is o The duty cycle value is set using Duty Cycle Duty Cycle Press this softkey to set the duty cycle for the pulse power measurement feature of the power meter A value in the range of 0 001 to 100 can be entered The default valueis 1 000 Usethe 2 and hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press is automatically set to on when a valueis entered using Duty Cycle Refer to Measuring Pulsed Signals on page 2 28 for further information Offset Off On Press this softkey to toggle the channel offset value on or off The default is off The offset value is set using Offset Offset Press this softkey to enter a channel offset in the range of 100 dB to 100 dB The default value is 0 dB Usethe LG and X hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press dB This offset can be used to compensate for a loss or gain The offset is app
40. 0 000dBm Min 50 000dBm Ma GS num 54 29dBm v ir 20 000dBm Mil 60 000dBml This measurement has passed This is indicated by the limit field being empty This measurement has failed astheresult isless than the minimum limit level set of 50 dBm This is indicated with the text Undr Lmt This measurement has failed as the result is more than the maximum limit level set of 55 dBm This is indicated with the text Over Lmt HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Selecting a Digital or Analog Display Selecting a Digital or Analog Display The measurement windows can display the result in either a digital or analog format or both as shown in the following figures Figure 2 9 Digital Display Meter E Ang Ani Mir d duu Sealing Figure 2 10 Analog Display 54 22dBm v Lr 20 000dBm Figure 2 11 Digital and Analog Display Meter di SEO DEU Ang 54 1 808m 29 54 18dBm v Lun 20 000dBm HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 33 Power Meter Operation Selecting a Digital or Analog Display To select the format of the display in the currently selected window 1 2 Press UZ Display Format Press Meter Dgtl Anlg tohighlight the type of format you require Pressing this key toggles between a digital and analog display To select the range of
41. 3A lt 10 nW lt 110 nW HP 8485A lt 10 nW lt 110 nW HP 8485D t4 pW lt 45 pW HP R8486A lt 10 nW lt 110 nW HP R8486D 6 pW 65 pW HP Q8486A lt 10 nW lt 110 nW HP Q8486D lt 6 pW lt 65 pW HP W8486A lt 40 nW lt 450 nW HP 8487A lt 10 nW lt 110 nW HP 8487D t4 pW lt 45 pW HP ECP E18A t 15 pW lt 70 pW HP ECP E26A lt 15 pw lt 70 pW 1 Within 1 hour after zero set at a constant temperature after a 24 hour warm up of the power meter 2 The number of averages at 16 for normal mode and 32 for x2 mode at a constant temperature measured over a 1 minute interval and 2 standard deviations For HP ECP series power sensors the measurement noise is measured within the low range Refer to the relevant power sensor manual for further information 5 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Settling Time 0 to 99 settled readings over theHP IB Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics For HP 8480 series power sensors Manual filter 10 dB decreasing power step Table 5 4 Settling Time Number of 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 Averages Settling Time s 0 15 02 0 3 0 5 1 1 1 9 3 4 6 6 13 27 57 Normal Mode Response Time s 0 15 0 18 0 22 0 35 055 11 1 9 3 5 6 9 145 33 x2 mode Auto filter default resolution 10 dB decreasing power step normal and x2 speed modes Normal Mode x2 Mode Maximum dBm Maximum dBm Typical Power T
42. 59 25 United Kingdom 01344 366 666 For countries in Europe Middle East and Africa not listed contact Hewlett Packard International Sales Europe Geneva Switzerland Tel 441 22 780 4111 Fax 41 22 780 4770 Latin America Hewlett Packard Latin American Region H eadquarters 5200 Blue Lagoon Drive 9th Floor Miami Florida 33126 USA 305 267 4245 4220 United States Hewlett Packard Company Test and Measurement Organization 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd Bldg 51L SC Santa Clara CA 95052 8059 1 800 452 4844 In any correspondence or telephone conversations refer to the power meter by its model number which is on the front panel and full serial number which is on the rear panel With this information the HP representative can quickly determine whether your unit is still within its warranty period 2 58 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Returning Your Power Meter for Service Use the information in this section if you need to return your power meter to Hewlett Packard Package the Power Meter For Shipment Usethefollowing steps to package the power meter for shipment to Hewlett Packard for service 1 Fill in a blue service tag available at the end of this guide and attach it tothe power meter Please be as specific as possible about the nature of the problem Send a copy of any or all of the following information m Any error messages that appeared on th
43. 9 100MHz 97 6 3GHz 98 6 300MHz 97 5 4GHz 98 1GHz 97 5GHz 97 7 2GHz 95 6GHz 97 4 3 GHz 93 7GHz 97 1 4 2GHz 91 8 GHz 96 6 HP 8483A 9 GHz 962 RCF 94 6 10 GHz 95 4 0 1 MHz 94 11GHz 94 9 0 3 MHz 97 9 12 4 GHz 94 3 1MHz 98 4 13 GHz 94 3 3MHz 98 4 14 GHz 93 2 10 MHz 99 3 15 GHz 93 30 MHz 98 7 16 GHz 93 100 MHz 97 8 17 GHz 92 7 300 MHz 97 5 18 GHz 91 8 1 GHz 97 2 2 GHz 96 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 17 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables HP 8481D HP 8485A RCF 99 RCF 100 50MHz 99 50MHz 100 500 MHz 99 5 2GHz 99 5 1GHz 99 4 4GHz 98 9 2GHz 995 6GHz 98 5 3GHz 98 6 8GHz 98 3 4GHz 98 6 10GHz 98 1 5GHz 985 11 GHz 97 8 6GHz 985 12GHz 97 6 7 GHz 98 6 12 4 GHz 97 6 8GHz 987 14 GHz 97 4 9 GHz 99 5 16GHz 97 10 GHz 98 6 17 GHz 96 7 11 GHz 987 18GHz 96 6 12GHz 99 19 GHz 96 12 4 GHz 99 1 20GHz 96 1 13GHz 98 9 21GHz 96 2 14 GHz 99 4 22GHz 95 3 15 GHz 98 9 23 GHz 94 9 16GHz 991 24 GHz 94 3 17 GHz 98 4 25 GHz 92 4 18GHz 100 1 26GHz 922 R8486A 26 5GHz 92 1 RCF 100 R8486D 50MHz 100 RCF 97 6 26 5 GHz 94 9 50MHz 97 6 27 GHz 94 9 26 5 GHz 97 1 28GHz 95 4 27 GHz 95 3 29 GHz 94 3 28 GHz
44. CS Press this hardkey to select the upper or lower measurement window on the power meter s display The window which is selected is highlighted by a shadowed box Any measurement setup you create using smi and is implemented in the selected window e5 Press this hardkey to choose from a one or a two window display C Press this hardkey to switch the power meter between on and standby When the power meter is switched to standby that is when this hardkey is off but the power is connected to the instrument the red LED is lit When the power meter is switched on the green LED is lit HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 25 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Diagramatical Keys 3 26 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Error Messages Error Messages Introduction Introduction This chapter contains information about the power meter s error messages It explains how to read the power meter s error queue and lists all of the power meter s error messages and their probable causes When thereis a hardware related problem for example a power sensor overload the error message is displayed on the status line at the top of the display In addition the errors are also written to the error queue If there are any errors in the error queue the front panel error annunciator is displayed as shown in Figure 4 1 Other errors can also be generated when the power meter is being operated over the remote interface These
45. Errata This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett Packard Please note that Hewlett Packard s former test and measurement semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies To reduce potential confusion the only change to product numbers and names has been in the company name prefix where a product number name was HP XXXX the current name number is now Agilent XXXX For example model number HP8648 is now model number Agilent 8648 Ce manuel peut contenir des r f rences lt lt HP gt gt ou lt lt Hewlett Packard gt gt Veuillez noter que les produits de test et mesure de semi conducteur et d analyse chimique qui avaient fait partie de la soci t Hewlett Packard sont maintenent une partie de la soci t Agilent Technologies Pour reduire la confusion potentielle le seul changement aux noms de reference a t dans le pr fixe de nom de soci t l o un nom de r f rence tait HP XXXX le nouveau nom de r f rence est maintenant Agilent XXXX Par example le HP 8648 s appelle maintenent Agilent 8648 Diese Gebrauchsanweiseung kann Bezug nehmen auf die Namen HP oder Hewlett Packard Bitte beachten Sie dass ehemalige Betriebsbereiche von Hewlett Packard wie HP Halbleiterprodukte HP chemische Analysen oder HP Test und Messwesen nun zu der Firma Agilent Technology geh ren Um Verwirrung zu vermeiden wurde lediglich bei Produktname und Nummer der vo laufende Firmenname ge ndert
46. IB 1 14 5 13 POWERREF 1 14 POWER REF option 003 1 14 POWER REF output 1 6 Recorder Output 1 14 2 39 contacting Hewlett Packard 2 53 copyright ii correction data 2 8 cursor positioning 3 24 D danger v data corrupt or stale error message 4 7 data out of range error message 4 7 data questionable error messages 4 7 data table editing 2 14 selection of 2 12 dB key description 3 9 dB selecting units 2 20 dBm key description 3 9 dBm selecting units 2 20 dB m w key description 3 9 menu map 3 3 declaration of conformity ix decrement digits 3 24 Delete Char key description 3 15 Delete key description 3 17 diagramatical key descriptions 3 24 digital display 2 33 dimensions of instrument 5 15 display 1 4 analog or digital 2 33 offset 2 24 one or two windows 1 7 resolution specification 5 3 self test 2 51 units specification 5 3 Display Assy key description 3 21 Display Format key description 3 12 Display key description 3 21 Display RAM key description 3 21 documents x Done key description 3 15 3 17 3 20 duty cyde 1 8 Duty Cycle key description 3 18 Duty Cyde Off On key description 3 18 Edit Cal Table key description 3 17 Edit Name key description 3 15 Enter key description 3 15 environmental characteristics 5 14 Error List key description 3 19 error window 1 12 errors 2 53 4 2 exponent too large error message 4 5 expression data not allowed error message 4 6
47. INER PERSONNEL Channel A Channel B Power Fist Recarder Output oj CD CD CD CD CD C C on Un CC CD C XE gt C 5 3 gt C Jr OT co WARNING For CONTINUED FIRE PROTECTION USE SPECIFIED LINE FUSE GA 7 6 5 1 Channel A Option 002 or 003 only 2 Power Ref Option 003 only The power reference output is a 50 Q type N connector The output signal is used for calibrating the sensor meter combination 3 Recorder Output This output produces a dc voltage that corresponds to the power level of the channel input Refer to Recorder Output on page 2 39 for further information 4 Power socket This power meter has an auto configuring power supply This allows it to operate over a range of voltages without manually being set to a certain voltage 5 Fuse An F3 15AH fuseis installed for all voltage supplies 6 HP IB TheHewlett Packard Interface Bus allows the power meter to be controlled remotely 7 Serial Label Each power meter has it s own individual identification number Refer to I nstrument serial numbers on page 2 54 for further information 1 14 HP EPM 441 A User s Guide Getting Started Adjusting the Carrying Handle Adjusting the Carrying Handle To adjust the position grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward Rotate the handle to the desired position D Bench top vie
48. MHz reference oscillator Press this softkey to verify that the keys are functioning correctly Once you enter this test you are prompted to press all the keys and verify the correct descriptions are displayed on the screen Press this softkey to access a menu of various front panel display patterns o Press this softkey to make internal measurements on the display b Press this softkey to perform a display RAM read write L Press this softkey to display test patterns Instructions appear on the screen detailing the use of More tocyde through the various bitmaps and to end the displays HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 21 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu Display Pressthis softkey to access a menu which allows you to set the defaults for contrast and brightness O Press this softkey to increase the display contrast Press this softkey to decrease the display contrast e Set Contrast Press this softkey to set the default contrast to that currently displayed Note this key changes the factory default setting e Set Brightness Press this softkey to set the brightness Note this key changes the factory default setting m Version Press this softkey to display the model number opti on strucure serial number firmware bootrom and DSP revisions 3 22 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Cal Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Zero Cal Menu The softkey menu str
49. Prior to the power meter being calibrated an HP 11708A 30 dB reference attenuator should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator This attenuator must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making measurements HP 8483A This power sensor requires a 75 Q f to 50 Q m N Type adapter 1250 0597 to connect to the reference calibrator This adapter must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making measurements HP R8486A HP Q8486A HP R8486D HP Q8486D HP W8486D The waveguide power sensors have two connectors The N Type connector is the one which is used to calibrate the power meter HP 8481B HP 8482B These power senors are configured with an attenuator Prior to the power meter being calibrated this attenuator must be removed The attenuator must be reconnected prior to making measurements HP 8485A This power sensor requires an APC 3 5 f to 50 Q m N Type adapter 08485 60005 to connect to the reference calibrator HP 8485D Prior to the power meter being zeroed and calibrated an HP 11708A 30 dB reference attenuator and an APC 3 5 f to 50 Q m N Type adapter 08485 60005 should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator This attenuator must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making measurements HP 8487A This power sensor requires an APC 2 4 f to 50 Q m N Type adapter 08487 60001 to connect to the powe
50. Remote Interface This section gives a brief description on configuring the remote interface For further information on using the power meter remotely refer tothe HP EPM 441A 442A Programming Guide HP IB Address Each device on the HP IB IEEE 488 interface must have a unique address You can set the power meter s address to any value between 0 and 30 The address is set to 13 when the power meter is shipped from the factory The address is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when the power is switched off or after a remote interface reset Your HP IB bus controller has its own address Avoid using the bus controller s address for any instrument on the interface bus Hewlett Packard controllers generally use address 21 To set the HP IB address from the front panel 1 Press HP IB The current setting of the HP IB address is dein Under the HP IB Addr softkey 2 Tochangethis setting press HP IB Addr The power meter displays the address in a pop up window Modify this address see below as desired m Use eo to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positi oned m Use or to move to other digits 3 To confirm your choice press Enter To set the HP IB address from the remote interface use the SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB ADDRess command HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 37 Power Meter Operation Configuring the Remote Interface Programming Language Selection You can select one of two la
51. a Ge digital window Da Zuse 5 Press bagi The display now shows two digital windows LCL Freq 50 dk 4 3 1 am Anlg Mtr Scaling H 1 10 HP EPM 441A User s Guide u Ga 54 31 ten di bi 54 31 ten 5427dBm v 70 000dBm 20 000dBm er bi 54 2 dBm 54 27dBm v 70 000dBm 20 000dBm Anig Mtr Scaling Anig Mtr Scaling Anig Mtr Scaling Getting Started The Display Layout 6 Press S The upper window is now the selected window and is highlighted by the black box 7 Press Meter Dgtl Anlg Anlg should be highlighted The upper window now displays an analog meter 8 Select the digital display using EO HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started Window Symbols Window Symbols There are a number of different graphic symbols and pop up windows that can occur on the power meter display These can occur for a variety of reasons such as when anerror or warning occurs e aconfirmation is required e you are required to wait while the power meter carries out a procedure e you are required to select an entry from a list e you are required to enter an alphanumeric value Warning Symbol The warning symbol is displayed either directly in the measurement window or in a pop up window when such an event occurs A pop up window is displayed for app
52. a read and write test on the instrument RAM Battery When the firmware is first downloaded a known value is written into a battery backed memory location This test verifies that the value is still resident It returns a pass if the valueis still present otherwise it returns a fail Measurement Assembly A measurement assembly is requested to automatically run a self test This self test returns either a pass or a fail A fail can either be produced by the measurement assembly self test failing or by the measurement assembly not responding 2 50 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Self Test Calibrator Thereference calibrator isturned on indicated bythePOWER REF LED and measured internally A pass or fail result is returned Keyboard Front Panel only The power meter enters a mode where you are invited to press any key When a key is pressed its name appears on the screen You can check that the power meter is displaying the expected name when therelevant key is pressed This is a check that the power meter is receiving the correct keyboard signal Pressing the same key twice sequentially exits this mode and returns you to a display that lists all the keys that were not entered If thetest is exited without all the keys being pressed a list is displayed showing all the keys which were not selected Display Three tests are available for the display the display assembly display RAM and bitmap display A
53. abled and re enabled simply by pressing Rel Off On 2 22 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Setting the Resolution Setting the Resolution Theresolution of each of the power meter s windows can be set to four different levels 1 2 3 or 4 These four levels represent e 1 0 1 0 01 0 001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or dB e 1 2 3or4significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is W or 96 The default value is 0 01 dB 3 digits To set the resolution on the currently selected window l Press GC The current setting of the resolution is highlighted on the Resolution 1 2 3 4 softkey 2 Tochangethis setting press Resolution 1 2 3 4 until the required resolution setting is highlighted HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 23 Power Meter Operation Setting Offsets Setting Offsets Setting Channel Offsets The power meter can be configured to compensate for a signal loss or gain in your test setup for example to compensate for the loss of a 10 dB attenuator This gain or loss referred to as a channel offset is added to the measured power before the result is displayed Offsets are entered in dB The allowable range of values is 100 dB to 100 dB A positive value compensates for a loss and a negative value compensates for a gain If either a channel or a display offset is set then ofs is displayed To enter a channel offset which compensates for a l
54. acting H ewlett Packard on page 2 53 for details of what to do with your faulty power meter Self test Failed Measurement Channel Fault Refer to Measurement Assembly on page 2 50 if you requirea description of the Measurement Assembly test Self test Failed Battery Fault Refer to Battery on page 2 50 if you require a description of the battery test Self test Failed Calibrator Fault Refer to Calibrator on page 2 51 if you require a description of the calibrator test Self test Failed ROM Check Failed Refer to ROM Checksum on page 2 50 if you require a description of the ROM Checksum test Self test Failed RAM Check Failed Refer to RAM on page 2 50 if you require a description of the RAM test HP EPM 441A User s Guide 4 0 330 330 350 410 420 430 440 Error Messages Error Messages Self test Failed Display Assy Fault Refer to Display on page 2 51 if you require a description of the Display test Self test Failed Confidence Check Fault Refer to Confidence Check on page 2 48 if you require a description of this test Queue overflow Theerror queueis full and another error has occurred which could not be recorded Query INTERRUPTED A command was received which sends data tothe output buffer but the output buffer contained data from a previous command the previous data is not overwritten The output buffer is cleared when power has been off or after RST reset com
55. cally when you turn on the power meter confidence check which is accessed via the front panel and requires your assistance in order to verify the POWER REF and measurement path accuracy troubleshooting mode which is accessed via the front panel or remotely over the HP IB The front panel softkey menu allows you torun individual tests whereas the HP IB command runs a complete series of tests as listed in HP IB Testing on page 2 49 Power On Self Test The power on self test is performed automatically when the power meter is turned on and takes approximately 10 seconds to complete The power on self test consists of the following tests e Battery e Calibrator Measurement Assembly Refer to Test Descriptions on page 2 50 if you require a description of each individual test As the power on self test takes place the message Testing appears next to the name of the test which is being performed When each test is complete the message Testing isreplaced by either the message Passed or Failed If a failure occurs the message Power up H W Err appears Any errors are also written to the HP IB error queue and can be examined in the Errors screen by pressing Ci we Error List 2 46 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Self Test Front Panel Selection of Self Tests Press Cur EZ Service Self Test to access a test menu which consists of the following tests e Instrument Self Test
56. city HP part number 2110 0957 Note The power meter also has an internal fuse If you suspect that this fuse needs replaced it must be done by trained service personnel Pleaserefer to Returning Your Power Meter for Service on page 2 59 Replacing the Power Line Fuse 1 Removethe power cord from the power meter 2 Slidethefuse holder assembly from the rear panel as shown in Figure 2 15 3 Install the correct fuse in the In line position as shown in Figure 2 15 A spare fuse can be stored in the fuse holder assembly 4 Replacethe fuse holder assembly in the rear panel Figure 2 15 Replacing the Fuse In line fuse Spare fuse 2 52 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Contacting Hewlett Packard This section details what to do if you have a problem with your power meter If you have a problem with your power meter first refer to the section Before calling Hewlett Packard on page 2 53 This chapter contains a checklist that will help identify some of the most common problems If you wish to contact Hewlett Packard about any aspect of the power meter from service problems to ordering information refer to Sales and Service Offices on page 2 56 If you wish to return the power meter to Hewlett Packard refer to Returning Your Power Meter for Service on page 2 59 Before calling Hewlett Packard Before calling Hewlett Packard or returnin
57. d The Front Panel at a Glance The Front Panel at a Glance L HEWLETT EPM 441A POWER METER 12 11 10 9 Preset Local This hardkey allows you to preset the power meter if you are currently working in local mode that is front panel operation In local mode a confirmation pop up window is displayed prior to a preset being carried out However if you arein remote mode that is HP IB operation then pressing this hardkey places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out LLO is not enabled Hardkeys relating to the display layout B This hardkey allows you to select the upper or lower measurement window on the power meter s display The window which is selected is highlighted by a shadowed box Any measurement setup you create is implemented in the selected window This hardkey allows you to choose either a one or a two window display HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started The Front Panel at a Glance w Ol This hardkey switches the power meter between on and standby When the power meter is switched to standby that is when this hardkey has not been selected but the line power is connected to the instrument the red LED is lit When the power meter is switched on the green LED is lit 4 System Inputs hardkey with softkey menu These hardkey allows access to softkey menus which affect the general power meter system setup for example the HP IB ad
58. dress and also to softkey menus which effect the setup of the channel inputs Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about this hardkey and it s softkey menu 5 This hardkey is the only one that is completely dedicated to the control of the power meter as a system The only other hardkey which affects system parameters is the se hardkey Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about this hardkey and it s softkey menu 6 Dedicated Window hardkeys with softkey menus Sein ESO These hardkeys allow access to softkey menus which affect the setup of the measurement windows Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about these hardkeys and their softkey menus 7 Dedicated Channel hardkeys with softkey menus LSZ These hardkeys allow access to softkey menus which affect the measurement channel Refer to Chapter 3 for further information about these hardkeys and their softkey menus 8 Channel Input TheHP EPM 441A has one sensor input Power meters configured with options 002 or 003 have the sensor inputs on the rear panel and the front panel HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 5 Getting Started The Front Panel at a Glance 9 10 11 POWER REF Output The power reference output is a 50 Q type N connector The output signal of 1 mW at 50 MHz is used for calibrating the sensor and meter combination Power meters configured with option 003 have the power reference on the rear panel
59. e power reference oscillator output is on the front panel Option 003 supplies parallel rear panel sensor input s The power reference oscillator output is also on the rear panel Option 004 deletes the HP 11730A sensor cable s provided Option OBO deletes manual set Option 908 provides rackmount kit for one instrument Option 909 provides rackmount kit for two instruments Option 915 provides the HP EPM 441A 442A Service Guide Option 916 provides an additional HP EPM 441A User s Guide and HP EPM 441A 442A Programming Guide Option 1BN provides MIL STD 45662A ANSI NCSL Z540 1 1994 Certificate of Calibration Option 1BP provides MIL STD 45662A ANSI NCSL Z540 1 1994 Certificate of Calibration and data Available Accessories HP 34161A Accessory Pouch Thefollowing HP power sensor cables are available a HP 11730A 1 5 m 7 5 ft m HP 11730B 3 m 10 ft m HP 11730C 6 1 m 20 ft m HP 11730D 15 2 m 50 ft m HP 11730E 30 5 m 100 ft m HP 11730F 61 m 200 ft HP EPM 441A User s Guide xi About this Guide About this Guide Chapter 1 Getting Started This chapter prepares the power meter for use and helps you to get familiar with a few ofthe front panel features Chapter 2 Power Meter Operation This chapter gives a detailed description of the capabilities and operation of the power meter You will find this chapter useful when you are operating the power meter from the front panel Chapter 3 Menu
60. e power meter display a Any information on the performance of the power meter Caution Power meter damage can result from using packaging materials other than those specified Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging materials They do not adequately cushion the power meter or prevent it from shifting in the carton Styrene pellets cause power meter damage by generating static electricity and by lodging in the rear panel 2 Usetheoriginal packaging materials or a strong shipping container that is made of double walled corrugated cardboard with 159 kg 350 Ib bursting strength The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to accommodate the power meter and allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of the power meter for packing material 3 Surround the power meter with at least 3 to 4 inches of packing material or enough to prevent the power meter from moving in the carton If packing foam is not available the best alternative is SD 240 Air Cap from Sealed Air Corporation Commerce CA 90001 Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet covered with 1 1 4 inch air filled bubbles Usethe pink Air Cap to reduce static electricity Wrap the power meter several times in the material to both protect the power meter and prevent it from moving in the carton 4 Sealthe shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape 5 Mark the shipping container FRAGILE HANDLE WITH CARE to ensure careful handling 6
61. ed The measurement result is now displayed HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 11 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables This section applies to all HP 8480 series power sensors It does not apply totheHP E series power sensors For theHP 8480 series power sensors there are two methods of providing correction data to the power meter A inputting theindividual calibration factor for a frequency prior to making the measurement or B using sensor calibration tables This section describes how to use sensor calibration tables Sensor calibration tables are used to store the measurement calibration factors supplied with each power sensor in the power meter These calibration factors are used to correct measurement results Using sensor calibration tables provides you with a quick and convenient method for making power measurements over a range of frequencies using one or more power sensors The power meter is capable of storing 20 sensor calibration tables of 80 frequency points each To use sensor calibration tables you 1 Select the table to work on a channel Refer to Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table on page 2 12 for further information If you require to edit the table refer to Editing Sensor Calibration Tables on page 2 14 for further information 2 Zeroand calibrate the power meter The reference calibration factor used durin
62. ed under the Cal Fac softkey Editing Sensor Calibration Tables You can edit sensor calibration tables using the Edit Cal menu as shown in Figure 2 2 To view the sensor calibration tables currently stored in the power meter press Sensor Cal Tables The Sensr Tabs screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Edit Cal Screen LCL Name Ref CF 100 096 Freq Cal Fac Change 50 00MHz 100 0 Insert 100 00MHz 99 8 2 00GHz 99 0 Delete 3 00GHz 98 6 4 00GHz 98 0 5 00GHz 97 7 6 00GHz 97 4 pong 7 00GHz 97 1 2 14 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables The power meter is shipped with a set of predefined sensor calibration tables The data in thesetables is based on statistical averages for a range of Hewlett Packard power sensors These power sensors are e DEFAULT e HP 8481A e HP 84824 e HP 8483A e HP 8481D e HP 8485A e R8486A e Q8486A e R8486D e HP 8487A There are also ten sensor calibration tables named CUSTOM 0 through CUSTOM 9 which do not contain any data when the power meter is shipped from the factor y You cannot delete any of the 20 sensor calibration tables Each sensor calibration table can contain a maximum of 80 frequency points each If you want a new sensor calibration table you must edit an existing one To edit a table 1 Select one using the c and
63. eed mode refer to the HP EPM 441A 442A Programming Guide for details of the readings averaged in the other speed modes Resolution is a window function and not a channel function In the case where a channel is set up in both the upper and lower window and the resolution settings are different the highest resolution setting is taken to calculate the averaging number For example if the upper window has a resolution setting of 2 and is measuring channel A and thelower window has a resolution of 4 and is also measuring channel A In this instance channel A averaging is calculated with a resolution of 4 2 26 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Sensor Dynamic Range Power Meter Operation Setting Averaging Figure 2 4 Averaged Readings Resolution Setting Minimum Sensor Power 2 3 1 8 128 128 E ZE 1 1 16 256 3 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m Oo 1 1 2 3 a Ri gt 1 1 1 16 DU m m AAO P 1 1 1 8 Maximum Sensor Power These four resolution levels represent 1 0 1 0 01 0 001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or dB 1 2 3 or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is W or 96 To set averaging 1 Press Gee Input Settings The current setting of averaging Is displayed under the Filter softkey To change this setting press Filter A pop up window appears Use 5 Or to select your filter choice To c
64. em occurred e Check that the test being performed and the expected results are within the specifications and capabilities of the power meter e Check the power meter display for error messages Refer to Chapter 4 for further information e Check operation by performing the self tests e Check with a different power sensor Instrument serial numbers Hewlett Packard makes frequent improvements to its products to enhance their performance usability and reliability Hewlett Packard service personnel have access to complete records of design changes for each instrument based on the instruments serial number and option designation 2 54 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Whenever you contact Hewlett Packard about your power meter have a complete serial number available This will ensure that you obtain the most complete and accurate service information The serial number can be obtained by e interrogating the power meter over the HP IB using the IDN command e from the front panel by selecting GSE More Service Version e fromthe serial number label The serial number label is attached to the rear of each Hewlett Packard instrument This label has two instrument identification entries The first provides the instruments serial number and the second provides the identification number for each option built into the instrument The serial number is divided into two parts the p
65. ember 1 1996 Location Date European Contact Your local Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office or Hewlett Packard GmbH Department ZQ Standards Europe Herrenberger Strasse 130 D 7030 Boeblingen Germany FAX 49 7031 143143 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1X List of Related Publications List of Related Publications TheHP EPM 441A User s Guideis also availablein the following languages English Language User s Guide Standard German Language User s Guide Option ABD Spanish Language User s Guide Option ABE French Language User s Guide Option ABF Italian Language User s Guide Option ABZ J apanese Language User s Guide Option ABJ HP EPM 441A 442A Programming Guideis shipped as standard HP EPM 441A 442A Service Guideis available by ordering Option 915 HP EPM 441A 442A CLIPs Component Location and Information Pack is available by ordering E4418 90007 Useful information on SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments can be found in A Beginner s Guideto SCPI which is available by ordering HP Part Number 5010 7166 The SCPI reference manuals which are available from SCPI Consortium 8380 Hercules Drive Suite P3 La Mesa CA 91942 USA Telephone 619 697 4301 Fax 619 697 5955 HP EPM 441A User s Guide HP EPM 441A Options HP EPM 441A Options The HP EPM 441A power meters have the following options available Option 002 supplies parallel rear panel sensor input s Th
66. errors also display the error annunciator and are written to the error queue Figure 4 1 Error Annunciator Position Error annunciator Contrast AAL vO 54 23dBm v bd 20 000dBm To read Gea error be from the front panel press More Error nist then use Next to scroll through eus H message To read the error queue from the remote interface use e thesysTem ERRor command Error queue messages have the foll owing format E rror E rror p Device Number d 2 d Descri ption Dependent Info For example 330 Self test Failed Battery Fault 4 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Error Messages Introduction Errors are retrieved in a first in first out FIFO order If more than 30 errors occur the error queue overflows and the last error in the queue is replaced with error 350 Queue Overflow Anytimethe queue overflows the most recent error is discarded Oncethe errors are read they are removed from the error queue This opens a position at the end of the queue for a new error message if oneis subsequently detected When all errors have been read from the queue further error queries return 0 No errors To delete all the errors in the queue from the front panel press CE Me eror nist then crear Errors To delete all the errors in the queue remotely use e the crs dear status command Theerror queueis also cleared when the instrument
67. ference Front Panel Menu Reference dBm W Menu Front Panel Menu Reference This section describes all the hardkeys and softkeys on your power meter The hardkey descriptions arein alphabetical order The softkey descriptions are in the order they appear in the menus Diagrammatical hardkeys are described at the end of this section The hardkeys can be separated into three categories those which affect e the system setup for example the HP IB address e the currently selected window setup for example the measurement units e the channel setup for example channel offsets dBm W The softkey menu structured to this hardkey affects the currently selected window Press B to select the upper or lower measurement window on the power meter s display The window which is selected is highlighted by a shadowed box and the set up you create is implemented in this window Press this hardkey to access the dBm Watts menu which allows you to select the measurement units These can either be logarithmic dBm or dB or linear Watt or 96 The default is logarithmic The text on some softkeys may appear grayed out This indicates that they are not a relevant unit of measurement in the currently selected window Refer to Setting the Units of Measurement on page 2 20 for further information Press this softkey to display the measurement results in dBm i Press this softkey to display the measurement results in Watts dB
68. ffects of the channel and display offsets on the power meter s displayed reading Figure 2 3 Effect of Offsets on a Channel Measurement Ch Input with Ch Input with Ch Offset and READING S Ch Input i np Ch Er et Display Display Offset ON POWER Offset T Offset tt METER DISPLAY t Channel Offset entered using CE Input Settings vere Offset tt Display Offset entered using Offset HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 25 Power Meter Operation Setting Averaging Setting Averaging The power meter uses a digital filter to average power readings The number of readings averaged can range from 1 to 1024 in binary progression This filter is used to reduce noise obtain the desired resolution and to reduce the jitter in the measurement results Increasing the value of the filter length reduces measurement noise H owever the time to take the measurement is increased You can select the filter length or you can set the power meter to auto filter mode The default is AUTO When the auto filter mode is enabled the power meter automatically sets the number of readings averaged together to satisfy the filtering requirements for most power measurements The number of readings averaged together depends on the resolution and the power level currently being measured Figure 2 4 lists the number of readings averaged for each range and resolution when the power meter is in auto filter mode and is set to normal sp
69. g which takes approximately 10 seconds the wait symbol is displayed To zero the power meter 1 Press amp Zero During zeroing the wait symbol is displayed When to Zero Zeroing of the power meter is recommended e when a 5 C change in temperature occurs e when you change the power sensor e every 24 hours e prior to measuring low level signals For example 10 dB above the lowest specified power for your power sensor HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 3 Note Power Meter Operation Calibrating the Power Meter Calibrating the Power Meter This section describes how to calibrate the power meter You should always zero the power meter prior to calibrating it Calibration sets the gain of the power meter using a 50 MHz 1 mW calibrator as a traceable power reference The power meter s POWER REF output or a suitable external reference is used as the signal source for calibration An essential part of calibratingis setting the correct reference calibration factor for the power sensor you are using The HP 8480 series power sensors require you to set the reference calibration factor The HP E series power sensors set the reference calibration factor automatically During calibration the wait symbol is displayed Offset relative and duty cyde settings areignored during calibration During calibration the power meter automatically switches the power reference calibrator on if it is not already on then after calibration
70. g the calibration is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table 3 Specify the frequency of the signal you want to measure The calibration factor is automatically set by the power meter from the sensor calibration table Refer to Making the Measurement on page 2 13 for further information 4 Makethe measurement Selecting a Sensor Calibration Table You can select a sensor calibration table for use by pressing 5 Sensor Cal Tables Table Off On The state field indicates if 2 12 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables any sensor calibration tables are currently selected The Sensor Tbls screen is displayed as shown in Figure 2 1 Figure 2 1 Sensor Tbls Screen RMT TLK Tbl Hame State Pts Edit Cal Table 0 off 2 1 HP8481A off 19 Table 2 HP8482A off 12 On 3 HP8483A off 10 4 HP8481D off 21 5 HP8485A off 22 6 R8486A off 17 7 Q8486A off 19 8 R8486D off 17 9 HP8487A off 54 Making the Measurement To make the power measurement you zero and calibratethe power meter then set it for the frequency of the signal you want to measure The power meter automatically selects the calibration factor from the sensor calibration table 1 2 Press ESO Press Zero During zeroing which takes approximately 10 seconds the wait symbol is displayed The setting of the
71. g the power meter for service please make the checks listed in Check the Basics on page 2 54 If you still have a problem please read the warranty printed at the front of this guide If your power meter is covered by a separate maintenance agreement please be familiar with the terms Hewlett Packard offers several maintenance plans to service your power meter after warranty expiration Call your HP Sales and Service Center for full details If the power meter becomes faulty and you wish to return the faulty instrument follow the description on how to return the faulty instrument in the section Sales and Service Offices on page 2 56 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 53 Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Check the Basics Problems can be solved by repeating what was being performed when the problem occurred A few minutes spent in performing these simple checks may eliminate time spent waiting for instrument repair Before calling Hewlett Packard or returning the power meter for service please make the following checks e Check that the line socket has power e Check that the power meter is plugged into the proper ac power source e Check that the power meter is switched on e Check that thelinefuseis in working condition e Check that the other equipment cables and connectors are connected properly and operating correctly e Check the equipment settings in the procedure that was being used when the probl
72. ing sections Zeroing the Power Meter on page 2 3 Calibrating the Power Meter on page 2 4 Making Measurements with theHP E Series Power Sensors on page 2 8 Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors on page 2 10 Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables on page 2 12 Setting the Units of Measurement on page 2 20 Selecting Units of Measurement from the Softkeys on page 2 21 Making Relative Measurements on page 2 22 Setting the Resolution on page 2 23 Setting Offsets on page 2 24 Setting Averaging on page 2 26 Measuring Pulsed Signals on page 2 28 Setting Measurement Limits on page 2 30 Selecting a Digital or Analog Display on page 2 33 Setting the Range on page 2 36 Configuring the Remote Interface on page 2 37 Recorder Output on page 2 39 Saving and Recalling Power Meter Configurations on page 2 41 How Measurements are Calculated on page 2 43 Presetting the Power Meter on page 2 44 Self Test on page 2 46 Operator Maintenance on page 2 52 Contacting Hewlett Packard on page 2 53 2 2 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Zeroing the Power Meter Zeroing the Power Meter This section describes how to zerothe power meter Zeroing adjusts the power meter for a zero power reading with no power applied to the power sensor During zeroin
73. ion outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Exclusive Remedies THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY iv HP EPM 441A User s Guide Equipment Operation Equipment Operation Warnings and Cautions This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards WARNING A warning calls attention to a procedure practice or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or the loss of life Do not proceed beyond a warning until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Caution A caution calls attention to a procedure practice or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or the destruction of part or all of the equipment Do not proceed beyond a caution until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Personal Safety Considerations WARNING This is a Safety Class product provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with
74. is running the message Testing appears next tothe name of the test As each stage of thetest is completed the message Testing is replaced by either the message Passed or Failed Confidence Check The confidence check requires you to carry out the following procedure Instructions are also displayed on the screen 1 Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output Refer to Table 2 1 on page 2 7 for connection requirements for the HP 8480 series power sensors The power reference signal is turned on automatically after any key is pressed The power meter automatically makes a power measurement If the measured error is within the instrument accuracy specification the confidence check has been successful Whilethe test is running the message Testing appears If the correct power meter reading is made the message Passed is displayed otherwise Failed is displayed If the confidence check fails the failure appears in the HP IB error queue To examine the HP IB error queue go to the Errors screen refer to Chapter 4 2 48 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Self Test HP IB Testing Toinvoke the HP IB self test the IEEE 488 1 compliant standard command TST is used This command runs a full self test and returns one of the following codes e O notests failed e 1 oneor moretests failed The HP IB self test consists of the following tests ROM checksum RAM e Battery
75. it switches it tothe state it was in prior to the calibration 2 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Calibrating the Power Meter Calibration Procedure Using HP E Series Power Sensors Thefollowing procedure describes how you calibratethe power meter with an HP E series power sensor Sincethe power meter automatically downloads the HP E series power sensor s calibration tablethere is no requirement to enter thereference calibration factor The power meter identifies that an HP E series power sensor is connected and will not allow you to select certain softkeys The text on these softkeys appears grayed out 1 Press ESO 2 Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output 3 Press Cal tocalibratethe power meter During calibration the wait symbol is displayed The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output Example To calibrate the power meter with an HP E series power sensor e Press ESO Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output Press Cal Calibration Procedure using HP 8480 Series Power Sensors Thefollowing procedure describes how you calibrate the power meter with the HP 8480 series power sensors There are a variety of different methods to connect the power sensors to the power meter depending on the model of power sensor you are using Refer to Table 2 1 on page 2 7 for details on connecting different power sensor models l Press ESO 2 Verify the reference calibrati
76. ital display measurement limits resolution and channel selection Display Format Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to select digital or analog displays set the resolution and set the limits for the analog display mw Meter Dgtl Anlg Press this softkey to toggle between an analog and digital display Refer to Selecting a Digital or Analog Display on page 2 33 for further information Anlg Mtr Scaling Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to enter the maximum and minimum scale limits shown on the analog display e Max Press this softkey to enter the maximum scale value shown on the analog display Min Press this softkey to enter the minimum scale value shown on the analog display nen Press this softkey to choose from four levels of resolution The resolution can be specified in dB or digits depending on the measurement suffix used The suffix used is theone which is selected in the 7 menu These four levels 1 2 3 4 represent 1 0 1 0 01 0 001 dB respectively if the measurement suffix is dBm or dB 1 2 3or 4 significant digits respectively if the measurement suffix is W or 96 The default value is 3 that is 0 01 dB or 3 digits 3 12 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference More Preset Local Prev Keys Press this hardkey to move through all the softkeys available on a particular level of a menu The bottom right of the power meter di
77. libration factors Press Change Insert or Delete as follows e Change Press this softkey to modify the highlighted parameter which is either a frequency calibration factor or table name A pop up window a the parameter Usethe SC 9 and X hardkeys to changethe parame e value nfirm your choice press Enter Press ered softkey to insert a new sensor calibration table entry You are prompted to enter the frequency and calibration factor The entry is inserted in ascending frequency order e Delete Press this softkey to delete a sensor calibration table entry If you delete the frequency the corresponding calibration factor is also removed and vice versa e Done Press this softkey to return to the measurement screen The softkeys from the first level of the System l nputs menu are displayed m Table Off On Press this softkey to enable and disablethe highlighted sensor calibration table for channel A on or orr is displayed beside each table to indicate its current state m Done Press this softkey to return to the measurement screen The softkeys from the first level of the System I nputs menu are displayed Input Settings Press these softkeys to access a menu which allows you to modify the settings of the averaging duty cyde range and offset of channel A HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 17 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu ee Press this softkey to toggle the filter
78. lied to the measured power before the result is displayed Offset Off On is automatically set to on when a valueis entered using Offset Refer to Setting Channel Offsets on page 2 24 for further information Range HP E series power sensors only Press this softkey to set the range in which you requirethe power meter to make the power measurement or set the power HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu meter to autoranging Choose either UPPER LOWER or AUTO from the selection available using the gt and X7 hardkeys The default is AUTO Refer to Setting the Range on page 2 36 for further information m Limits Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to enter the upper and lower measurement limits Refer to Setting Measurement Limits on page 2 30 for further information Limits Off On Press this softkey to toggle between the test limits being on or off The default is off e Max Press this softkey to enter the upper measurement limit in the range 150 dBm to 230 dBm The default valueis 90 00 dBm Use the lt gt 4 and 37 hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press the appropriate measurement units Max must be greater than e Min Press this softkey to enter the lower measurement limit in the range 150 dBm to 230 dBm The default valueis 90 00 dBm Usethe lt lt gt gt
79. mand has been executed Query UNTERMINATED The power meter was addressed to talk that is to send data over the interface but a command has not been received which sends data tothe output buffer For example you may have executed a CONFigure command which does not generate data and then attempted to read data from the remote interface Query DEADLOCKED A command was received which generates too much data to fit in the output buffer and the input buffer is also full Command execution continues but data is lost Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response The IDN command must be the last query command within a command string 4 10 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications Specifications Introduction Introduction This chapter details the power meter s specifications and supplemental characteristics Spedifications describe the warranted performance and apply after a 30 minute warm up These specifications are valid over the power meter s operating and environmental range unless otherwise stated and after performing a zero and calibration Supplemental characteristics which are shown in italics are intended to provide information useful in applying the power meter by giving typical but nonwarranted performance parameters These characteristics are shown in italics or denoted as typical nominal or approxi mate For information on measurement uncertainty calculations refer to HP Application Note 64 1A
80. n 3 14 menu map 3 5 relative accuracy specification 5 4 relative measurements 2 22 remote interface connector 1 14 language selection 2 38 setting of address 2 37 Resolution 1 2 3 4 key description 3 12 resolution of display 2 23 returning for service 2 59 ROM Checksum key description 3 21 ROM checksum self test 2 50 S safety v 5 15 sales and service offices 2 56 save 2 41 Save key description 3 15 Save Recall key description 3 15 menu map 3 5 SCPI key description 3 16 screen 1 4 layout 1 7 selecting a field 3 24 a window 3 25 Self Test key description 3 20 self test 2 46 bitmap display 2 51 calibrator 2 51 display 2 51 front panel selection of 2 47 HP IB testing 2 49 keyboard 2 51 lithium battery 2 50 Index 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide measurement assembly 2 50 RAM 2 50 ROM checksum 2 50 self test failed error messages 4 9 sensor cables xi Sensor Cal Tables key description 3 16 sensor calibration table editing 2 14 selection of 2 12 using 2 12 serial label 1 14 2 54 serial number identifiers 2 54 service packaging for 2 59 returning for 2 59 Service key description 3 20 service offices 2 56 settings conflict error message 4 7 settling time characteristic 5 9 single sensor dynamic range specification 5 3 size of instrument 5 15 softkeys 1 5 1 8 3 3 sound emission viii specifications 5 2 speed of measurement 5 6 status reporting line 1 7 store 2 41 string data not allowed e
81. nguages to program the power meter fromthe remote interface The language is SCPI when the power meter is shipped from the factory The other language is the HP 437B programming language The power meter complies with the rules and regulations of the 1995 0 version of SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments You can determine the SCPI version with which the power meter s in compliance by sending the SySTem VERSion command from the remote interface You cannot query the SCPI version from the front panel Thelanguage selection is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset To select the interface language from the front panel 1 Press k m Command Set 2 Select the language you require from HP 437B and SCPI To select the interface language from the remote interface use the e SYSTem LANGuage command 2 38 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Recorder Output Recorder Output Therear panel Recorder Output connector produces a dc voltagethat corresponds to the power level in Watts of the channel depending on the measurement mode The Recorder Output is disabled 0 V during relative measurements This dc voltage ranges from 0 to 1 Vdc The output impedance is typically 1 kQ Channel and display offsets and duty cycle have no effect on the Recorder Output For example the Recorder Output can be used to e record swept measu
82. ntly positi oned e Use or 2 to move to other characters 3 Toconfirm your choice press the appropriate softkey 4 Toadda new sensor calibration tableentry press Insert Youare prompted for the frequency and calibration factor The entry is sorted by frequency 5 Toremove a sensor calibration table entry usethe S 2 and hardkeys to select the entry press If you delete the frequency the equivalent calibration factor is also removed and vice versa Note You can only edit the table name you cannot delete it 6 When you have completed editing the sensor calibration table press Done toreturn tothe Sensor Tables screen Note Ensure that the frequency points you use cover the frequency range of the signals you want to measure If you measure a signal with a frequency outside the frequency range defined in the sensor calibration table the power meter uses the highest or lowest frequency point in the sensor calibration table to calculate the calibration factor 2 16 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Making Measurements using Sensor Calibration Tables The following lists detail the contents of the predefined sensor calibration tables DEFAULT HP 8482A RCF 100 RCF 98 0 1 MHz 100 0 1 MHz 98 110 GHz 100 0 3MHz 99 5 HP 8481A 1MHz 99 3 RCF 100 3MHz 985 50MHz 100 10MHz 98 5 100MHz 99 8 30MHz 98 1 2 GHz 9
83. o displays a digital reading This digital reading allows you to easily set the appropriate minimum and maximum values for the analog display Note The analog display does not indicate as much measurement data as the digital display That is it does not indicate when duty cyde range hold offset or relative mode are enabled In addition it does not indicate if the measurement is within thetest limits if any are set HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 35 Power Meter Operation Setting the Range Setting the Range The power meter has no internal ranges which can be set The only ranges that can be set are those of the HP E series power sensors With an HP E series power sensor the range can be set either automatically or manually Use autoranging when you are not sure of the power level you will be measuring There are two manual settings either LOWER or UPPER The lower range is more sensitive than the higher range LOWER covers the range of 70 dBm to 13 5 dBm UPPER covers the range of 14 5 dBm to 20 dBm The default is AUTO To set the range 1 Press Gee Input Settings The current setting of the range is displayed under the softkey 2 Tochange this setting press Range A pop up window appears Use 2 or to highlight your choice 3 To confirm your choice press Enter 2 36 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Configuring the Remote Interface Configuring the
84. on factor of your power sensor with that displayed under Re CF The value shown is obtained from the sensor calibration table if one is selected otherwiseit is the last value set or the default of 100 If the value is not correct press Ref CF The power meter displays the reference calibration factor in a pop up window Modify this reference calibration factor see below as desired HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 5 Power Meter Operation Calibrating the Power Meter m Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned m Use lt or to move to other digits 3 To confirm your choice press Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output 5 Press Cal tocalibrate the power meter During calibration the wait symbol is displayed The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output gt Example To calibrate the power meter with a power sensor whose reference calibration factor is 99 8 Press e Press Ref CF Use the LG gt 2 and hardkeys to enter 99 8 Press e Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output Press Cal 2 6 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Calibrating the Power Meter Table 2 1 Connecting the HP 8480 Series Power Sensors During Calibration Sensor Model Connection Requirements HP 8481A HP 8481H HP 8482A HP 8482H These power sensors connect directly tothe reference calibrator HP 8481D HP 8484A
85. onfirm your choice press Enter Filter Off On is automatically set to On when a valueis entered using Filter The filter can be disabled and re enabled simply by pressing Filter Off On HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 27 Note Power Meter Operation Measuring Pulsed Signals Measuring Pulsed Signals The power meter can be used to measurethe power of a pulsed signal The measurement result is a mathematical representation of the pulse power rather than an actual measurement The power meter measures the average power of the pulsed input signal and then divides the measurement result by the duty cycle value to obtain the pulse power reading The allowable range of values is 0 001 96 to 100 96 The default value is 1 000 If duty cycle is enabled then Dty Cyc is displayed Pulse measurements are not recommended using HP ECP series power sensors An example of a pulsed signal is shown in Figure 2 5 Figure 2 5 Pulsed Signal Power Duty Cycle A B Time 2 28 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Note Power Meter Operation Measuring Pulsed Signals To set the duty cyde 1 Press Cus Input Settings The current setting of the duty cydeis displayed under the Duty Cycle softkey 2 Tochangethis setting press Duty Cycle The power meter displays the duty cycle in a pop up window Modify this value see below until the desired duty cyde is displayed m Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is curren
86. or calibration tables and the zeroing and calibration data are not affected by a preset The calibration table selected is not affected Preset Conditions The number of windows displayed is two Measurement units used is set to dBm Cal Fac e Freq issetto 50 MHz Cal Fac is set to 10096 Meas Setup e Display Format is set to digital in the upper window and analog in the lower window Anlg Mtr Scaling issetto 20 000 dBm Max and 70 000 dBm Min Resolution 1 2 3 4 issetto 3 Offset e Rel Off On is set to off e Relis set to 0 dBm e Offset Off On isset to off e Offsetis set to 0 dBm 2 44 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Presetting the Power Meter Inputs Table Off On is not affected e Filter Off On isset to on e Filter isset to AUTO Duty Cycle Off On isset to off Duty Cycle is set to 1 00096 e Offset Off On issetto off e Offset is set to O dB Range isset to AUTO e Limits is set to 20 000 dBm Max and 70 000 dBm Min e Limits Off On is set to off Power Ref Off On isset to off Recorder Output is set to 20 000 dBm Max Power and 70 000 dBm Min Power Output Off On issetto off Zero Cal e Ref CF is set to 100 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 45 Power Meter Operation Self Test Self Test The power meter has three distinct self test modes e power on self test which occurs automati
87. ors up window Modify this reference calibration factor see below as desired m Use or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned Use amp or to move to other digits To confirm your choice press Press Cal to calibrate the power meter During calibration the wait symbol is displayed The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output Press cae The current setting of the calibration factor is displayed under the Cal Fac softkey To changethis setting press Cal Fac The power meter displays the calibration factor in a pop up window Modify this calibration factor see below as desired m Use 2 or to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned a Use or to move to other digits To confirm your choice press 5 10 Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured 11 The measurement result is now displayed Example To make a measurement on channel A with a power sensor which has a reference calibration factor of 99 896 and a calibration factor of 97 896 at the measurement frequency Disconnect the power sensor from any source Press 42 Press Zero Press Ref CF Usethe 2 and hardkeys to enter 99 8 Press Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output Press Cal Press Ce Cal Fae Use the gt 2 and Eil hardkeys to enter 97 8 Press 2 Connect the power sensor tothe signal to be measur
88. oss or gain ystem 1 Press LEE 2 Press Input Settings 3 Press More Offset The power meter displays the offset value in a pop up window Modify this offset see below as desired m Use or POM modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned m Use or to move to other digits 4 Toconfirm your choice press dB 5 Offset Off On is automatically set to on when a valueis entered using Offset Channel offsets can be disabled and re enabled simply by pressing Offset Off On Setting Display Offsets The display offset function provides a method for entering display offset values If either a channel or a display offset is set then ofs is displayed To enter a display offset on the currently selected window 1 Press Sia Offset 2 24 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Setting Offsets 2 The power meter displays the offset value in a pop up window Modify this offset see below as desired geia to modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned Use lt or to move to other digits 3 Toconfirm your choice press dB 4 Offset Off On is automatically set to On when a valueis entered using Offset Display offsets can be disabled and re enabled simply by pressing Offset Off On The display offset is a function of the window That is if you have selected a two window display each can have its own offset Figure 2 3 displays the e
89. packaging for service 2 59 parameter error error message 4 7 parameter not allowed error message 4 4 pass HP EPM 441A User s Guide Index 3 indicator 1 8 limits 2 30 power sensor cables xi sensors 5 3 socket 1 14 power characteristic 5 13 power on 1 2 1 3 key description 3 25 self test 2 46 power output specification 5 5 power range specification 5 3 POWER REF connector option 003 1 14 Power Ref Off On key description 3 19 3 23 POWER REF output 1 6 power reference characteristics 5 6 specification 5 5 prepare for use 1 2 preset conditions 2 44 Preset L ocal key description 3 13 Prev key description 3 13 problems 2 53 4 2 program mnemonic too long error message 4 4 programming language 2 38 pulsed signals measuring 2 28 Q query deadlocked error message 4 10 query interrupted error message 4 10 query unterminated after indefinite response er ror message 4 10 query unterminated error message 4 10 queue overflow error message 4 10 R rack mount 1 16 RAM key description 3 21 RAM self test 2 50 Range key description 3 18 range setting of 2 36 rear panel 1 14 recall 2 41 Recall key description 3 15 Recorder Output connector 1 14 2 39 characteristic 5 13 Recorder Output key description 3 20 Ref CF key description 3 23 reference 2 4 setting of 2 22 regulatory information viii Rel key description 3 14 Rel Off On key description 3 14 Rel Offset key descriptio
90. r Meter Supplemental Characteristics Power Sensor Specifications Definitions Zero Set In any power measurement the power meter must initially be set to zero with no power applied to the power sensor Zero setting is accomplished within the power meter by digitally correcting for residual offsets Zero Drift This parameter is also called long term stability and is the change in the power meter indication over a long time usually one hour for a constant input power at a constant temperature after a defined warm up interval Measurement Noise This parameter is also known as short term stability and is specified as the change in the power meter indication over a short time interval usually one minute for a constant input power at a constant temperature 5 12 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications General Characteristics General Characteristics Rear Panel Connectors Recorder Output Analog 0 1 Volt 1 kO output impedance BNC connector HP IB Allows communication with an external controller Ground Binding post accepts 4 mm plug or bare wire connection Line Power Input Voltage Range 85 to 264 Vac automatic selecti on e Input Frequency Range 47 to 63 Hz e Power Requirement approxi mately 50 VA 14 Watts HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 13 Specifications Environmental Characteristics Environmental Characteristics General Conditions Complies with therequirements of the EMC Directive 89 336
91. r example when the power meter is initially switched on the cont rast menu is displayed and if you press Zero Cal is displayed This field indicates if the measurement result is outwith the upper or lower limits set If the measurement is within the limits this field is empty If the measurement result is less than the minimum limit set Undr Lmt is displayed If the measurement result is more than the maximum limit set over Lmt is displayed Refer to Setting Measurement Limits on page 2 30 for further information This field displays Re1 if relative mode is on Refer to Making Relative Measurements on page 2 22 for further information This field displays ofs if an offset is set Refer to Setting Offsets on page 2 24 for further information This field displays Rng Sd if arangeis selected Refer to Setting the Range on page 2 36 for further information This field displays Dty Cyc ifa duty cydeis set This allows you to measure the power of a pulsed signal Refer to Measuring Pulsed Signals on page 2 28 for further information This field displays the currently selected frequency or calibration factor HP EPM 441A User s Guide Selecting Your Display Layout Your power meter display is extremely flexible It can be used to display a variety of different measurements and windows depending on your needs The following diagram details the various options available
92. r meter HP 8487D Prior to the power meter being zeroed and calibrated an HP 11708A 30 dB reference attenuator and an APC 2 4 f to 50 Q m N Type adapter 08487 60001 should be connected between the power sensor and the reference calibrator This attenuator must be removed from the power sensor input prior to making measurements HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 7 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP E Series Power Sensors Making Measurements with the HP E Series Power Sensors This section describes how to make continuous wave measurements using the HP E series power sensors TheHP E series power sensors havetheir sensor calibration tables stored in EEPROM This allows the frequency and calibration data to be downloaded tothe power meter automatically To make measurements perform the following steps 1 Zero and calibrate the power meter 2 Set the frequency for the signal you want to measure 3 Takea reading Procedure The following procedure details how to make a measurement on channel A of the power meter 1 Ensure that no power is applied to the power sensor 2 Press 42 3 Press Zero During zeroing which takes approximately 10 seconds the wait symbol is displayed 4 Connect the power sensor tothe POWER REF output 5 Press Cal tocalibrate the power meter During calibration the wait symbol is displayed The power meter automatically turns on the POWER REF output
93. r s Guide Index Symbols 96 key description 3 9 A absolute accuracy specification 5 4 accessories xi accuracy of power reference 5 5 address of Hewlett Packard 2 56 of HP IB 2 37 alphanumeric data entry window 1 13 modify 3 24 altitude characteristic 5 14 analog display 2 33 Anlg Mtr Scaling key description 3 12 arrow keys 1 6 3 24 averaging 2 26 basic errors 2 54 battery self test 2 50 bit map display self test 2 51 Bitmap Displays key description 3 21 block data not allowed error message 4 6 bus HP IB language selection 2 38 setting of address 2 37 C cabinet installation 1 16 cables xi Cal Fac key description 3 11 Cal key description 3 23 calibrate 2 4 HP 8480 series sensors 2 5 HP E series sensors 2 5 calibration data 2 8 calibration factors 2 8 calibration table 2 12 editing 2 14 selection of 2 12 Calibrator key description 3 21 calibrator self test 2 51 calling Hewlett Packard 2 53 Cancel key description 3 15 carry handle adjusting 1 15 caution v Change key description 3 17 channel connectors option 002 or 003 1 14 channel offset 2 24 character data not allowed error message 4 6 characteristics 5 2 Clear Errors key description 3 20 Command Set key description 3 16 common errors 2 54 compensation 2 24 confidence check 2 48 Confidence Check key description 3 20 connector Recorder Output 5 13 connectors Channel A option 002 or 003 1 14 channel inputs 1 5 HP
94. read write is performed on the display RAM If the value which is written is read back correctly a pass is recorded otherwise a fail is recorded The liquid crystal display light emitting diode LCD L ED control circuits are tested by making separate voltage measurements via the multiplexer and digital signal processor If the expected voltages are measured a pass is recorded otherwise a fail is recorded The three circuits which are tested arethe LCD contrast control the LED brightness control and the display temperature sensing diode Bitmap Display Front Panel only A series of bitmaps are displayed on the power meter showing two checkboards vertical lines horizontal lines obliquelines all pixels on and all pixels off Pressing cycles you through these bitmaps The Pe key stops the display and returns you to the previous menu HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 51 Power Meter Operation Operator Maintenance Operator Maintenance This section describes how to replacethe power linefuse and clean the power meter If you need additional information about replacing parts or repairing the power meter refer tothe HP EPM 441A 442A Service Guide To clean the power meter disconnect it s supply power and wipe with a damp cloth only The power line fuse is located within the power meter s fuse holder assembly on the rear panel For all voltages the power meter uses a 250 V F3 15AH 20mm fast blow fuse with high breaking capa
95. refix two letters and the first four numbers and the suffix the last four numbers e Theprefix letters indicate the country of manufacture This code is based on the ISO international country code standard and is used to designate the specific country of manufacture for the individual product The same product number could be manufactured in two different countries In this case the individual product serial numbers would reflect different country of manufacture codes The prefix also consists of four numbers This is a code identifying the date of the last major design change e Thesuffix indicates an alpha numeric code which is used to ensure unique identification of each product throughout Hewlett Packard SERIAL NUMBER A PREF X SUFF IX C DYA d x SER UK12345678 OPT CE HEWLETT PACKARD V MADE IN UK A HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 55 Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices If you need technical assistance with a Hewlett Packard test and measurement product or application please contact the Hewlett Packard office or distributor in your country Asia Pacific Hong Kong 852 2599 7889 India 91 11 647 2311 J apan Hewlett Packard J apan Ltd Measurement Assistance Center 9 1 Takakura Cho Hachigji Shi Tokyo 192 J apan Tel 81 426 56 7832 Fax 81 426 56 7840 Korea 82 2 769 0800 Malaysia 60 3 291 0213 Philippine
96. rements on an X Y recorder level an output from a source using external leveling or e monitor the output power on a strip chart recorder A setup for recording swept measurements is shown in Figure 2 12 Figure 2 12 Test Setup for Recording Swept Measurements RECORDER OUTPUT Swept Source Device Under Test CHANNEL A INPUT X AXIS FREQUENCY To access the Recorder menu press Cas wor Recorder Output ecorder Output signal either on or This menu allows you to switch theR off The Max Power and Min Power softkeys allow you to enter the input power level that you want to represent the 1 Vgc maximum and 0 Vac minimum output voltage of the Recorder Output Y AXIS POWER HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 39 Power Meter Operation Recorder Output Leveling a Source Output The Recorder output can be used to level an output from a source using external leveling The following procedure explains how to dothis 1 Select the channel to be represented on the Recorder Output by pressing ZE More Recorder output output A B The highest power you are going to measure is used to determine the value which you should set for the Recorder Output maximum setting For example if you are measuring a power less than 1 mW and greater than 100 uW then set the recorder maxi mum value to ImW 2 50 dBm 100 W 40 dBm 10 W 30 dBm 1 W 20 dBm 100 mW 10 dBm 10 mW 0 dBm 1 mW
97. roximately two seconds The text in the pop up window gives details of the warning type This symbol may also appear on a measurement window for example toindicate that a power sensor is not connected Confirmation Window This pop up window is displayed when you are required to press Confirm to verify your previous selection For example prior to a preset being carried out Please Confirm Wait Symbol The wait symbol is displayed when the power meter is carrying out a procedure but no action is required from you The symbol may appear directly in the measurement window or in a pop up window It may appear for example during zeroing or calibration 1 12 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started Window Symbols 1 of N Entry Window This pop up window is displayed when you arerequired to select an entry using Rn 2 and from the list Numeric or Alphanumeric Entry Window This pop up window is displayed when you are required to modify numeric or alphanumeric data The e and keys move the position of the cursor The 4 and keys increment and decrement the alphanumeric digit on which the cursor is currently positioned Duty Cycle 4p 00 001 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 13 Getting Started The Rear Panel at a Glance The Rear Panel at a Glance 1 2 3 4 O ISM ERE 1 ad WARNING No OPERATOR BERVICEABLE FARTS INSIDE REFER SERVICING TO SERVICE TRA
98. rrent measurement is invalidated for example a change of frequency setting or triggering conditions Data questionable CAL ERROR Power meter calibration failed The most likely causeis attempting to calibrate without applying a 1 mW power to the power sensor Data questionable Input Overload The power input to Channel A exceeds the power sensor s maximum range HP EPM 441A User s Guide 4 7 231 231 231 241 310 310 310 310 Error Messages Error Messages Data questionable Lower window log error This indicates that a difference measurement in the lower window has given a negative result when the units of measurement were logarithmic Data questionable U pper window log error This indicates that a difference measurement in the upper window has given a negative result when the units of measurement were logarithmic Data questionable ZERO ERROR Power meter zeroing failed The most likely causeis attempting to zero when some power signal is being applied to the power sensor Hardware missing The power meter is unable to execute the command because either no power sensor is connected or it expects an HP E series power sensor and one is not connected System error Dty Cyc may impair accuracy with ECP sensor This indicates that the sensor connected is for use with CW signals only System error Detector EEPROM Read Failed critical data not found or unreadable This indicates a failure with yo
99. rror message 4 6 suffix not allowed error message 4 5 suffix too long error message 4 5 switch on 1 3 SWR characteristic of power reference 5 6 symbols 1 12 syntax error error message 4 4 system error error messages 4 8 System l nputs key description 3 16 menu map 3 6 T Table Off On key description 3 17 telephone numbers of Hewlett Packard 2 56 temperature characteristic 5 14 test See self test title 1 8 too many digits error message 4 5 trigger deadlock error message 4 7 trigger ignored error message 4 6 turn on 1 3 U undefined header error message 4 5 units 2 20 upper limit 2 30 V Version key description 3 22 voltage 1 14 5 13 W W key description 3 9 wait window 1 12 warm up 5 2 warning v warning window 1 12 warranty iii watt selecting units 2 20 weight of instrument 5 15 window selection 1 7 3 25 Z zero 2 3 drift definition 5 12 drift of sensors characteristic 5 7 Zero key description 3 23 zero set definition 5 12 specification 5 4 Zero Cal key description 3 23 menu map 3 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Index 5 Index 6 HP EPM 441A User s Guide
100. s 63 2 894 1451 PRC 86 10 6505 0149 Singapore 1800 292 8100 Taiwan 886 3 492 9666 Thailand 66 2 661 3900 For countries in Asia Pacific not listed contact Hewlett Packard Asia Pacific Ltd 17 21 F Shell Tower Times Square 1 Matheson Street Causeway Bay Hong Kong tel 852 2599 7070 fax 852 2506 9285 2 56 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Australia New Zealand Hewlett Packard Australia Ltd 31 41 J oseph Street Blackburn Victoria 3130 Australia 1 800 629 485 Canada Hewlett Packard Canada Ltd 5150 Spectrum Way Mississauga Ontario LAW 5G1 905 206 4725 In Europe Africa and Middle East please call your local HP sales office or representative Austria 1 25000 0 Belgium and Luxembourg 02 778 3417 Baltic Countries 358 08872 2100 Czech Republic 0042 2 4743111 Denmark 45 99 10 00 Finland 90 88 721 France 0 1 69 29 41 14 Germany 0180 532 62 33 Greece 1 7264045 Hungary 1 252 4705 Ireland 01 284 4633 Israel 03 5380 333 Italy 02 92 122241 Netherlands 020 547 6669 Norway 22 73 56 50 Poland 22 608 7700 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 57 Power Meter Operation Contacting Hewlett Packard Portugal 11 482 85 00 Russia tel 7 095 928 6885 fax 7 095 916 9844 South Africa 011 806 1000 Spain 34 1631 1323 Sweden 08 444 22 77 Switzerland 01 735 7111 Turkey 212 224
101. s when zeroing is performed with the sensor input disconnected from the POWER REF Table 5 1 Zero Set Specifications Power Sensor Zero Set HP 8481A 50 nW HP 8481B HP 8481D HP 8481H HP 8482A HP 8482B HP 8482H HP 8483A HP 8485A HP 8485D HP R8486A HP R8486D HP Q8486A HP Q8486D 30 pW HP W8486A 200 nW HP 8487A 50 nW HP 8487D 20 pW HP ECP E18A 50 pw HP ECP E26A 50 pw 5 4 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications Power Meter Specifications Power Reference Power Output 1 00 mW 0 0 dBm Factory set to 0 7 traceable to the US National Institute of Standards and Technology Accuracy 11 296 worst case 0 996 rss for one year HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 5 Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Power Reference Frequency 50 MHz nominal SWR 1 05 maximum Connector TypeN f 50 Q Measurement Speed Over the HP IB three measurement speed modes are available as shown along with thetypical maximum measurement speed for each mode Normal 20 readings second e x2 40readings second Fast 200 readings second for HP ECP series power sensors only Maximum measurement speed is obtained using binary output in freerun trigger mode 5 6 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Zero Drift of Sensors
102. s this softkey to set the HP IB address of your power meter between 0 and 30 The default value is 13 A pop up window appears on the screen Use the D gt E and hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press Enter Refer to HP IB Address on page 2 37 for further information Command Set Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to select the remote programming language you want to use Refer to Programming Language Selection on page 2 38 for further information e SCPI Press this softkey to select SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments as the remote programming language you want to use e HP 437B Press this softkey to select the HP 437B emulation mode In this mode the power meter responds to the HP 437B programming command set Sensor Cal Tables Pressthis softkey to access a menu and screen which allows you to select and edit sensor calibration tables Use dE and c hardkeys to scroll through the displayed sensor ca and t Sensor calibration tables are only required for be H P 8480 series power sensors HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu a Edit Cal Table Press this softkey to access a menu and screen which allows you to modify add and remove frequency and calibration factors from the currently selected table and modify the table name Use the 2 ail 2 and hardkeys to move between the name frequency and ca
103. splay indicates the number of pages in the menu For example if 1 of 2 is displayed pressing More moves you to 2 o 2 Pressing More again moves you back to 1 of 2 Preset Press this hardkey to preset the power meter if you are currently working in local mode that is front panel operation A confirmation pop up window is displayed prior to a preset being carried out Presetting the power meter returns you to the Contrast menu However if you arein remote mode that is H P IB operation then pressing this hardkey places the power meter in local mode provided local lock out LLO is not enabled When reverting to local mode the power meter triggering is set to free run Press this hardkey to move back one level in the softkey menu structure Pressing this hardkey numerous times eventually returns you to the Contrast menu which allows you to increase or decrease the display contrast EN Press this softkey to increase the display contrast vo Press this softkey to decrease the display contrast HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 13 Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference Rel Offset Menu Offset The softkey menu structured to this hardkey affects the currently selected window Press this hardkey to access the Rel Offset menu which allows you to compare any measurement result in dB or percentage 96 to a reference value and set display offsets Press this softkey to toggle the reference value on or
104. splays either RMT remote HP IB operation or GU local front panel operation The second field displays TLK if the power meter is addressed to talk or LSN if it is addressed to listen The third field indicates an sno service request The fourth field indicates ERR for any error conditions Thelast field is used to report error and warning messages 2 Themeasurement data is displayed in either one or two rectangular windows depending on the setting of EOI Pressing allows you to toggle between a one or two window display When two windows are displayed and this hardkey is pressed the single window then displayed is the one which was previously highlighted with the shadowed box On the two window display the measurement setup menus work on the window which is shadowed 3 This is the measurement result field 4 This field displays the units of measurement either dBm dB Watts or 96 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 7 Getting Started The Display Layout 10 11 12 13 14 This window is configured to show an analog meter which displays the measurement result and the meter scaling This field displays the number of pages in the current softkey menu For example 1 of 2 indicates that there aretwo pages of softkeys and you are on the first page Pressing moves you topage 2 of 2 Any softkeys available are displayed in these four fields This field displays the title of the menu Fo
105. the analog display in the currently selected window 1 2 Press ii Display Format Anlg Mtr Scaling The current setting of the maximum and minimum values displayed on the analog meter are displayed under the Max and Min softkeys respectively To change either of these settings press the appropriate softkey The power meter displays the current value in a pop up window Modify this value see below until the desired value is displayed m Use Jo GE modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned Use lt or gt to move to other digits To confirm your choice select the appropriate softkey If the power meter is in logarithmic mode press dp If the power meter is in linear mode select the appropriate softkeys from the following menu pr L Cancel r Increment Multiplier Decrement Multiplier L Cancel or increases or decreases the multiplier shown in front of Pressing after the correct multiplier has been selected confirms the entry Pressing HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Selecting a Digital or Analog Display To select both an analog and digital display press until two windows are displayed Select the format of one window to analog and the other to digital as previously described Toindicate if the measurement reading is outwith the minimum or maximum values set for the analog meter a warning message is displayed The analog meter als
106. the units of measurement for power n some cases due to the wide power range available the following menu is displayed mW LL nw L Cancel L WW Increment Multiplier T Decrement Multiplier L Cancel Note Some softkeys may be grayed out so that an invalid value cannot be entered Pressing Increment Multiplier or increases or decreases the multiplier shown in front of w Pressing W after the correct multiplier has been selected confirms the entry HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 21 Power Meter Operation Making Relative Measurements Making Relative Measurements Relative mode allows you to compare any measurement resulttoa reference value Therelativereading can be displayed in either dB or by pressing and selecting either dB or When the measurement result is displayed in a prefix multiplier may be shown Relative mode is window dependent and when enabled displays Re1 in the window to which it s applied Relative measurements cannot be output via the rear panel Recorder Output Procedure To set a reference value on the currently selected window 1 Press Gra 2 Press Rel tousethe current reading as the reference value This allows you to compare any measurement result in dB or percentage 3 Rel Off On is automatically set to on when Rel is pressed Successive measurements are now displayed relative to the reference value The relative mode can be dis
107. tly positioned a Use or to move to other digits 3 To confirm your choice press 3 4 Duty Cycle Off On is automatically set to on when a valueis entered using Duty Cycle Duty cycle can be disabled and re enabled simply by pressing Duty Cycle Off On Pulse power averages out any aberrations in the pulse such as overshooting or ringing For this reason it is called pulse power and not peak power or peak pulse power In order to ensure accurate pulse power readings the input signal must be pulsed with a rectangular pulse Other pulse shapes such as triangle chirp or Gaussian will cause erroneous results The pulse power on off ratio must be much greater than the duty cycle ratio HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 29 Power Meter Operation Setting Measurement Limits Setting Measurement Limits The power meter can be configured to verify the power being measured against an upper and or lower limit value The range of values that can be set for upper and lower limits is 150 dBm to 230 dBm The default upper limit is 90 00 dBm and the default lower limit is 90 00 dBm To set the limits 1 Press PS2 Limits The current settings maximum esanarazi minim mits are displayed under the Max and Min softkeys dite 2 Tochange either of these settings press the appropriate softkey The power meter displays the current valuein a pop up window Modify this value see below until the desired value is displa
108. to you Getting Started The Display Layout Display YSelect using One Window Two Windows Y iip Display Format Upper Lower Digital Analog Window Window Display Display da Select using A Sei Display Format Digital Analog Digital Analog Display Display Display Display HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 9 Getting Started The Display Layout Display Tutorial If you wish to experiment with the display layout before you move on to make measurements the following procedure guides you through a few of the display setups you can choose 1 Press GED Confirm Noticethat the upper window which has a digital display is the one which is highlighted by the dark box req 50 Zum 54 22 tam 54 22dBm v JAIAL AAL LLA 70 000dBm 20 000dBm LCL 2 Press EA The display remainsthe SON same apart from the fact that it is now AN the lower window which is an analog display that is highlighted by the dark Freq 50 dr 54 2 2 tam a 5422dBm box er 3 Press bedi The display now only fO shows the one window This is the SEE ug analog window which in the previous Y step was selected with the key 70 0004Bm 20 000dBm 4 Press 8888 Dgt1 should be Meter Dgtl Anlg Anig Mir highlighted The display shows
109. uct met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory Hewlett Packard further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology to the extent allowed by the Institute s calibration facility and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members Warranty This Hewlett Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment During the warranty period H ewlett Packard Company will at its option either repair or replace products which proveto be defective For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to a service facility designated by HP Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to HP from another country HP warrants that its software and firmware designated by HP for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument HP does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free HP EPM 441A User s Guide iii Legal Information Limitation of Warranty Theforegoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operat
110. uctured to this hardkey affects the channel setup Press this hardkey to access the Zero Cal menu which allows you to zero and calibrate the power meter Refer to Calibrating the Power Meter on page 2 4 for further information Press this softkey to adjust channel A for a zero power reading with no power applied to the power sensor Refer to Zeroing the Power Meter on page 2 3 for further information Press this softkey to calibrate channel A with the connected power sensor The POWER REF output is used as the signal source for calibration and is automatically switched on during this procedure Press this softkey to enter a reference calibration factor for channel A A valuein the range of 1 to 150 can be entered The default valueis obtained from the sensor calibration tableif one is selected otherwise it is 10096 Usethe 2 2 and lt gt hardkeys to change the value To confirm your choice press This softkey cannot be selected when you are using an HP E series power sensor Power Ref Off On Press this softkey to switch the POWER REF output on or off This output is used as the signal sourcefor calibration The default is Off Note During calibration the power meter automatically switches the power reference oscillator on if it is not already on then after calibration it switches it tothe state it was in prior to the calibration HP EPM 441A User s Guide 3 23 Menu Reference Front
111. ur HP E series power sensor Refer to your power sensor manual for details on returning it for repair System error Detector EEPROM Read Completed OK but optional data block s not found or unreadable This indicates a failure with your HP E series power sensor Refer to your power sensor manual for details on returning it for repair System error Detector EEPROM Read Failed unknown EEPROM table format This indicates a failure with your HP E series power sensor Refer to your power sensor manual for details on returning it for repair 4 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 310 310 321 330 330 330 330 330 330 Error Messages Error Messages System error Detector EEPROM lt gt data not found or unreadable Where lt gt referstothesensor data block covered for example Linearity Temp Comp temperature compensation This indicates a failure with your HP E series power sensor Refer to your power sensor manual for details on returning it for repair System error Sensors connected to both front and rear inputs You cannot connect two power sensors to the one channel input In this instance the power meter detects power sensors connected to both it s front and rear channel inputs Out of memory The power meter required more memory than was available to run an internal operation Self test Failed The 330 Self test Failed errors indicate that you have a problem with your power meter Refer to Cont
112. voltage that corresponds to the selected input channel power level in z n Press this softkey to enter the input power level that you want to represent the 1 Vgc maximum output voltage of the Recorder Output Press this softkey to enter the input power level that you want to represent the 0 Vgc minimum output voltage of the Recorder Output Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to test and service your power meter Press this softkey to access the power meter s self test menu Press this softkey to run a series of tests on the power meter Refer to I nstrument Self Test on page 2 48 for further information on the tests run Press this softkey to verify that the power meter makes an accurate measurement of it s 1 mW POWER REF output 3 20 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference System Inputs Menu e Individual Press this softkey to access a menu which allows you to select individual self tests to be run Press this softkey to perform a ROM checksum verification test Press this softkey to verify the memory and the correct amount of RAM is present Press this softkey to verify that the firmware checksum is still resident in a battery backed memory location Press this softkey to run a self test on the measurement assembly Refer to Measurement Assembly on page 2 50 for further information Press this softkey to make internal voltage measurements on the 50
113. wer meter A inputting theindividual calibration factor for a frequency prior to making the measurement or B using sensor calibration tables This section describes how to make measurements without using sensor calibration tables that is inputting the individual calibration factor for a frequency prior to making the measurement This method is advantageous if you are only measuring at one frequency as entering all the calibration data in this instance is not required To make measurements without sensor calibration tables perform the following steps 1 Zero and calibrate the power meter Before carrying out the calibration you must set the reference calibration factor of the power sensor 2 Set the calibration factor value for the frequency of the signal you want to measure 3 Takea reading Procedure Thefollowing procedure details how to make a measurement on channel A 1 Ensurethat no power is applied to the power sensor 2 Press amp 3 Press Zero During zeroing which takes approximately 10 seconds the wait symbol is displayed 4 Connect the power sensor to the POWER REF output 5 Thecurrent setting of the reference calibration factor is displayed under the Ref CF softkey To changethis setting press Ref CF The power meter displays the reference calibration factor in a pop 2 10 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 6 7 9 Power Meter Operation Making Measurements with the HP 8480 Series Power Sens
114. when the power meter is switched on The power meter performs it s power on self test If the self test is not successful the error annunciator turns on If this occurs contact your Hewlett Packard Sales and Service office for instructions on returning the power meter to H ewlett Packard for service Caution This instrument is designed for usein Installation Category Il and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively Caution This instrument has an autoranging line voltage input be sure the supply voltage is within the range of 85 to 264 Vac Note If the power meter has been stored at extremely low temperatures outwith the operating range of the power meter the display may take a few minutes to operate 2 Setthe display contrast if required The display contrast is adjusted by pressing d and VO If these softkeys are not displayed press repeatedly until they appear 3 Connect a power sensor Connect one end of the sensor cable to the power meter s channel input and the other end to the power sensor 4 Making a measurement A minimum warm up time of 30 minutes is recommended before accurate measurements can be made Prior to making your first measurement you must zero and calibrate the sensor and meter combination Refer to Chapter 2 for further information if you are not familiar with zeroing calibrating or making measurements with a power meter HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 3 Getting Starte
115. wing positions Carrying position HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 15 Getting Started Rack Mounting the Power Meter Rack Mounting the Power Meter You can mount the power meter in a standard 19 inch rack cabinet using one of three optional kits Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each rack mounting kit Any HP System II instrument can be rack mounted beside the HP EPM 441A power meter To rack mount the power meter 1 Removethe handle by rotating it to the vertical position and pulling the ends outward off 7 do IO a B 00000 a O Front Rear bottom view 1 16 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Getting Started Rack Mounting the Power Meter To rack mount a single instrument order option 908 or adapter kit 5063 9239 To rack mount two instruments side by side order option 909 or lock link kit 5061 9694 and flange kit 5063 9212 To install one or two instruments in a sliding support shelf order shelf 5063 9255 and slide kit 1494 0015 for a singleinstrument also order filler panel 5002 3999 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 1 17 Getting Started Rack Mounting the Power Meter 1 18 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Power Meter Operation Introduction Introduction This chapter describes the parameters which configurethe power meter to make measurements and help you determine settings to optimize performance This chapter contains the follow
116. yed m Use oL Be modify the digit on which the cursor is currently positioned m Use or to move to other digits 3 To confirm your choice press the appropriate measurement units Limits can be disabled and re enabled simply by pressing Limits Off On A typical application for this feature is shown in Figure 2 6 Figure 2 6 Limits Checking Application Power Meter Swept Source Device Under Test CHANNELA INPUT 2 30 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Power Meter Operation Setting Measurement Limits Figure 2 7 Limits Checking Results Amplitude Fail 410 dBm o o o o o o 44 dBm Oo D Fail gt requency In this application a swept frequency signal is applied to the input of the Device Under Test The power meter measures the output power The limits have been set at 4 dBm and 10 dBm A fail occurs each time the output power is outside these limits as shown in Figure 2 7 Checking for Limit Failures Limit failures are displayed in the appropriate field in the measurement window on the power meter s display as shown in Figure 2 8 HP EPM 441A User s Guide 2 31 Power Meter Operation Setting Measurement Limits Figure 2 8 Pass Fail Limit Indicators Freq 50 dr Limits Max 10 000dBm 19 00dBm E HE deri 20 000dBm Limits Limits On Max 40 000dBm 54 23dBm v bd 2
117. ypical Power Settling Sensor Settling Sensor Times Dynamic Times Dynamic Range Range Minimum dBm Minimum dBm HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 9 Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics For HP ECP series power sensors In FAST mode within therange 50 dBm to 17 dBm for a 10 dB decreasing power step thesetlingtimeis 10 mst lwWhen a decreasing power step crosses the power sensor s auto range switch point add 25 ms Refer to therelevant power sensor manual for further informati on For HP ECP series power sensors in normal and x2 speed modes manual filter 10 dB decreasing power step Table 5 5 Settling Time Number of 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 Averages Settling Time s 0 07 0 12 0 21 0 4 1 18 33 65 13 27 57 Normal Mode Response Time s 0 04 0 07 0 12 0 21 04 1 18 34 68 142 32 x2 mode 5 10 HP EPM 441A User s Guide Specifications Power Meter Supplemental Characteristics Auto filter default resolution 10 dB decreasing power step normal and x2 speed modes Normal Mode x2 Mode Maximum dBm Maximum dBm 70 ms 60 dB 40 ms 60 dB Typical Power Typical Power Settling Sensor Settling Sensor Times Dynamic Times Dynamic Range Range 120 ms 10 dB 70 ms 10 dB 400 ms 10 dB 210 ms 10 dB 6 55 10 dB 3 45 10 dB Minimum dBm Minimum dBm HP EPM 441A User s Guide 5 11 Specifications Powe

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