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Finding and Inputting Data into EnergyPLAN

1. FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 4 9 Understanding the Print Results Instead of using the Results window in EnergyPLAN it is also possible to print a summary of the main results on 2 x A4 pages An example of this is presented in Figure 24 below Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty ag ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Input CEESA 2050 Rec MI 201312 Complete txt The EnergyPLAN model 12 0 Electricity demand TWhear Flexible demand 4 07 Capacities Efficiencies Regulation Strategy Technical regulation no 3 Fuel Price level Basic Fixed demand 21 80 Fixed imp exp 0 00 MWe MJ s elec Ther COP KEOL regulation 23458000 a ee Electric heating HP 1 65 Transportation 8 22 1945 1241 0 58 0 37 Minimum Stabilisation share 0 00 Capacities Storage Efficiencie Electric cooling 0 00 35 74 1050 3 50 Stabilisation share of CHP 0 00 EE a a 3484 0 95 ink Hydro Pump 0 0 District heating TWh year Minimum CHP gr 3 load 0 District heating demand ruled P Erani Gr 2 0 ng 1292 060 0 31 Heat Pump maximum share 0 50 jens Solar Thermal 2100 pl AEE 0 Electrol Gr 3 0 0 Industrial CHP CSHP 7574 0 95 Electrol trans 1909 477 Demand after solar and CSHP 0 60 i Distr Name Price DKV 2008 txt Ely MicroCHP 0 0 Addition factor 100 00 DKK MWh CAES fuel ratio 0 000 Wind 4454 MW Heatstorage gr 2 40 GWh gr 3 10 GWh Multiplication factor 1 05 F 5 Offshore Wind 10173 MW Fixed Boller gr 2
2. Settings Notes Web asp B Save As General Warnings Appear Here Overview ce Electricity Heating Cooling Industry and Fuel Transport Water Demand s A ee Electricity Cooling systems Electric airconditioning and District heating for cooling Heating l Twh pear Electricity Heat COP Natural Cooling Cooling Industy and Fuel Consumption Consumption Input Output Demand io pm Transport Water retta 3 Supply Distribution Change Hea Change Hour CoolingDemand tst Balancing and Storage Cost Electricity for cooling a 2 0 00 Simulation Qutput District heating for cooling DH gr 1 0 00 0 6 a 0 00 0 District heating for cooling DH gr 2 0 00 0 6 o 0 00 0 District heating for cooling DH gr 3 0 00 0 6 a 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Cooling Demand Cooling Supply 1 000 2 000 3 000 4000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 1 000 2 000 3 000 4000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 E DHar1t BE DHgr2 DHgr3 Elec MO Heat DH gr3 Electricity E Natural Cooling B Heat DH gr1 E Heat DH gr2 There is currently no cooling load in Ireland so no data was required for the Irish reference model Note that the heat demand under the cooling tab is for absorption cooling Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015
3. 3 2 4 Industry EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdat yx 7 y7 EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home Add On Tools Help ART ar Hansa EN Bonin New Import Home Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warnings Appear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel i I i f Overview EE Electricity Heating Cooling Industry and Fuel Transport Water Demand z T Electicty Industry and Other Fuel Consumption i Heating Cooling aaah and Fuel Tuven pf ransport gt Water H Supply Coal 0 0 i Balancing and Storage H Cost oil 0 0 pe Simulation Output Industry Various Fuel Losses Distribution Naas 0 0 Naas const tet Biomass 0 ce The quantity of each fuel type consumed within industry can be found in the Energy Balance 16 The Various input is only used when a consumption cannot be specified anywhere else or may need to be analysed on its own i e gas consumption for offshore drilling Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data 1s ENDEL aa FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 2 5 Transport EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata a z EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata j a x Home Add On Tools Help AR ARG BSA ar fs E sho
4. e Cooling pp K Figure 3 Frontpage of the EnergyPLAN tool 3 2 Demand Tab Below is a brief description of the data used under the Input tab in my model It is worth noting that the data required for EnergyPLAN is usually generic data that can be obtained in most OECD countries Therefore if was able to obtain the data for the Irish energy system it is likely to be available in other countries also Also note that each sub heading in this section represents data required for a different tab in EnergyPLAN The first piece of information that you should try to source is the Energy Balance for your country or region The Irish Energy Balance was completed by the Irish energy agency called the Sustainable Energy Authority of lreland SEAI 13 The Energy Balance indicates the energy consumed within each sector of the energy system Organisation for Economic Co Operation and Development http www oecd org Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data ae ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN as displayed Figure 4 and Appendix 7 1 The International Energy Agency IEA completed two reports on energy balances in 2008 one with the Energy Balances for each of the OECD countries 14 and one with the Energy Balances for a number of non OECD countries 15 These documents must be purchased so have not obtained a copy However this is one possible source for an energy
5. Finding and Inputting Data into EnergyPLAN The FIDE Guide K AALBORG UNIVERSITET David Connolly Aalborg University david plan aau dk www dconnolly net 26 January 2015 Version 5 ETNE PL FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Print Double Sided FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 Table of Contents Section Title Page 1 Hod a PPPE E E A wes E E E T 3 2 WAY ENCE PLAIN vaklende 4 3 Collecting the Required Data sesesessesesecesscsesesecececsesesecececsesesecececsesesecececsesesesececsesesesecessese 5 3 1 Technical Data REGQUIF CG ccsessnesteassavsacdesiancancdnosens esasancaddarvadeawandecesuncaadevieliansaassneiovandecsiuantaaets 7 3 2 SAU Ae EEE JE NE EE EA 7 3 2 1 EN 9 3 2 2 He 10 323 COON EE EE ERE seen ne ee ecto 14 3 2 4 NN 15 3 2 5 TON 16 3 3 VIT 16 3 3 1 Heat and Beda seissicesssancdsostaneniseposaddwatawasncceadiaestnslacsutdonbee svatanbouwsimicedastancabdeesadsageliwes 16 3 3 2 Fe 17 3 3 3 NN 25 3 3 4 E DPE AE A E A awn antenna psa tas Ama aan oreo TA A 26 3 4 PES 28 3 4 1 Fe NE 28 3 5 Economie Data REUTERS 28 359 1 le EEE 29 3 5 2 NNN 30 3 5 3 TDN 32 3 5 4 VDE ON EE E A E 34 4 Areas of Difficulty sseseoseseoseceosececseceosececseceoseceoseceosececseoeoseceesecsoseseesecseseososecsesecsesecseseoe 35 4 1 Thermal Energy S Ste sessecwesccedsanscizcesvarsensdueonededcnsinedaceuseueenssaedtawceadercenteadsanstaagruaieanddweaness 35 4 2 DENN 36 4 3
6. C setpoint is specifically for Ireland and it can change depending on a number of factors such as the climate and the typical level of house insulation 36 A full explanation about the calculation and application of degree data can be obtained from 36 37 For the heat demand an annual distribution with a resolution of 1 hour is required but the Degree Day data obtained from various weather stations around Ireland is only recorded on a daily basis as seen in Figure 5 Therefore this 1 day data had to be converted into hourly readings To do this took a daily cycle from a similar study completed on Denmark in 7 and applied it to the Irish distribution with a program developed in MATLAB 31 which is displayed in Figure 6 As district heating is common in Denmark hourly data could be 10 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 easily obtained over a 24 hour period and it was assumed that Ireland would have a similar daily distribution in its heat demands as Denmark N gt O w w i OO w m WM yy a WEN WW gy gL AL HATE WI Aww Wl NEW My Figure 5 Degree Day data from Belmullet meteorological station in Mayo Ireland 25 No Daily Cycle With Daily Cycle o dh A Mi ee Lit RMN Y pf Vg W V OOS MPV OG PS VE K CCANA NEEESE AANE NAAA AA Hour in January Figure 6 Individual heat distribution for January 2007 in
7. Hydrogen Storage capacity for Micro CHP under the Input gt ElecStorage tab HH H2 prices The H2 micro CHP will only operate if it is cheaper than using a conventional boiler Therefore EnergyPLAN calculates the price of purchasing hydrogen and compares it to the price of operating a conventional boiler HH heat Demand Sum of Heat Demand for the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP Biomass micro CHP Heat Pump and Electric Heating under the Input gt Individual tab HH heat CHP HP Sum of Heat Demand for the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP Biomass micro CHP and Heat Pump under the Input gt Individual tab HH heat Boiler This is the total amount of heat supplied by the boiler component only in the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP and Biomass micro CHP This is dependent on the Heat Demand and the Capacity Limit of these technologies which are defined under the Input gt Individual tab HH heat Solar The sum of the Solar Thermal Output which was built in conjunction with the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP Biomass micro CHP Heat Pump and Electric Heating under the Input gt Individual tab HH heat Storage The operation of the Heat Storage which was built in conjunction with the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP Biomass micro CHP and Heat Pump under t
8. PP2 units in Group PP CAES 3 under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab as well as for CAES energy storage facilities under the Input gt ElecStorage tab He This is the amount of gas consumed for the Ngas boiler and the Ngas micro CHP Individual y under the Input gt Individual tab Transp This is the amount of Ngas consumed under the Input gt Transport tab Indust Various This is the amount of Ngas consumed by Industry and Various under the Input gt Industry tab Demand Sum The is the total gas demand DHP and Boilers CHP2 CHP3 PP CAES Individual Transp Indust Various This is the Input to Gas Grid from the Biogas Plant under the Input gt Biomass POEA Conversion tab Syngas This is the Input to Gas Grid from the Gasification Plant under the Input gt Biomass Conversion tab Storage This is the amount of gas consumed from positive or sent to negative the gas storage facility during each hour of the simulation Storage Content This is the amount of gas in the gas storage facility Sum This is the difference between demand and supply for gas Import If the Sum results indicate that there is a shortage in gas then it is imported Export If the Sum results indicate that there is excess gas then it is exported 48 Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University
9. TWh year Efficiency Twh year 000 0 0 00 Various Food etc Efficiency 0 8 MDKK 0 00 Unit Group 1 Efficiency 0 Efficiency 0 Twh year MDKK Twh 0 00 Group 2 0 8 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 Group 3 0 8 000 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 Total 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Geothermal operated by absorption heat pump on steam from waste CHP plants Steam storage GWh DH production Heat Pump on steam from storage COP Electricity production Steam for Heat Pump TWh year Efficiency TWh year Efficiency T Wh year 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 000 0 0 00 0 0 00 Heat Pump CHP COP Md s D 0 Unit Efficiency 0 0 Loss Group 2 Group 3 There is currently no waste used for energy production in Ireland so no data was required for the Irish reference model However Minster carried out a detailed energy system analysis of waste to energy options in 45 which could be useful if data is required Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data 25 ENDEL re FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 3 4 CO2 a EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata CO ZN EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata W Home Add On Tools Help AR F aosd5 AM Home New Import Settings Notes Web Treeview Tat Run Run Run Run from excel FI Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warnings Appear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Outp
10. 0 oS olo ol o gt 7078 0368 00001007 17 076 0 388 0 000 0 076 3 071 0 000 0 000 0 000 13071 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 fono fonon ojo s 5 sis Sj ojo a colo ojo eje el ojojo 8 8 8 8 o o ojo ojo 9 SPE o eje jejel e o o D D SD S 8 88 8 88 o ba I 0 000 0000 0000 10000 10000 0124 Saat 306 0500 65 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 3568 0 709 0 000 0 076 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 160 0 000 0 000 0000 0075 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0004 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 1391 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0285 0010 0000 0008 0000 0 000 0000 0000 Peat S 9 9 2 S Milled Peat 8 8 Emo 0000 0000 oom 0000 0 000 Ma BR 818 e ej eje e e B RGE oe ed ed ed ee F 0 000 0258 2 163 0 992 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 2 167 0 992 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000
11. 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 2 765 0 562 0 047 0 000 0 000 22 325 10 620 12 134 4 295 1 853 45 188 3 637 0 012 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 015 0 000 0 060 0 001 0416 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 188 0 000 0 731 0 051 0488 000 10008 0 000 0 000 0000 0070 0000 0 58 0 037 0439 3380 Fom 0200 14009 0 000 0023 0 000 0 090 oor 0 074 0000 won 0 000 anotanan 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 13 798 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 18 840 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 012 6 290 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 2000 0 000 2526 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 1 562 0 000 2000 0 000 KEN CACEN 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 820 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 3 048 008 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 9 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 011 0 098 4 069 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 103 0 034 2 090 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 Natural Gas Renewables ojojo SS 2 Landfill Gas Oo e co 0000 0000 000r 0000 oer 11958 12155 19374 nT 0 667 1 959 2 135 0 278 0 111 0 0200 0000 0038 0278 0063 To 2000 0090 acor 0278 a 0000 0000 0037 0 a olo olo gt S S S S 2 Geothermal A So D O oO N ojojo S 5 5 jj jja o e
12. 0 5 Percent gr 3 0 5 Percent Dependency factor 0 02 DKK MWhpr Mw TWiyear EE eee Photo Voltaic 5000 MW Electricity prod from CSHP Waste TWhiyear Average Market Price 541 DKK MWh Transport 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Wave Power 300 MW Gr 1 0 00 0 00 Gas Storage 6000 GWh Household 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 13 Hydro Power 0 MW Gr 2 0 00 0 39 Syngas capacity 3522 Industry 0 00 0 00 0 00 19 03 Geothermal Nuclear 0 MW Gr 3 089 072 Biogas max to grid 895 Various 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Geo Waste Stab RES dro thermal CSHP CHP Imp Exp CEEP EEP MW MW MW ooojooooo0oc0c0co0oc cc 3 TWhiyear 39 41 4 22 11 38 1 71 6 41 13 62 0 00 1 72 0 40 0 07 FUEL BALANCE TWh year CAES BioCon Synthetic Industry CO2 emission Mt DHP CHP2 CHP3 Boiler2 Boiler3 PP Geo Nu Hydro Waste Elc ly version Fuel Wind Various Total Total Netto z 0 00 0 00 0 00 E s 0 00 0 00 0 00 8 44 10 61 3 A 22 85 0 01 0 00 0 00 0 60 0 77 1 05 4 16 38 87 66 60 0 00 0 00 3 45 71 47 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 24 77 10 85 35 62 0 00 0 00 0 00 gt 32 115 32 15 0 00 0 00 0 00 Nuclear CCS gt lt 0 00 0 00 0 00 Total 1 81 8 44 10 61 0 77 1 05 3 82 7 61 24 77 5 17 3 45 6 46 0 79 6 39 32 15 19 03 138 07 0 00 0 60 26 januar 2015 13 01 Output specifications CEESA 2050 Rec MI 201312 Complete txt District Heating Production RES1 RES2 RES3 RES Total Wind Offshoi Pho
13. 0 because the installed wind capacity and the distribution used generated the expected annual wind energy Otherwise the correction factor would need to be adjusted until the wind production calculated by the model was the same as the actual annual production Offshore Wind There was very little historical data available for offshore wind in Ireland There is currently only one offshore wind farm constructed which is located at Arklow Banks near County Wicklow This wind farm is using a new wind turbine developed by GE Energy The General Electric Company hence they will not release any information in relation to the power generated from the turbines The only information had was the installed capacity of the wind turbines which was 25 2 MW 7 x 3 6 MW turbines As a result used the onshore wind distribution that had obtained from the Irish TSO combined with the correction factor in EnergyPLAN The reason the onshore wind distribution is a good source of data is because it accounts for the variations in wind speed over the island of Ireland The only difference between onshore and offshore wind distributions is the higher capacity factor for offshore This is accounted for by the correction factor in EnergyPLAN However after deciding to use the onshore wind distribution then had to identify the annual wind energy produced by the 25 2 MW of offshore wind calculated this in two different ways For the first method began by obtaining
14. 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 003 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 258 0 00 0 000 Ireland s Provisional Energy Balance 2007 TWh Ga soil Die sel DERV ojojo FERRER Refinery Gas o o ol o ojo e HE to 3 Gasoline 5 o Sj e e SEISE bi I o Sje ne 813813 3 Bitumen Sjo n e oe oe PABER Lubricants sl ojoje z 2 3 Fueloil o wo ojojo le e ge o Ilae ws SEE AHE S 9 3 Petroleum Coke ol No 0 000 40 263 OOO 14340 5399 SATE SEE 4301 ST HTC 40 263 0 000 14 540 5 399 13 476 5 568 1 381 31 916 40 263 0 093 0 000 0 000 0 000 4 233 0 03 0042 To 0 000 e000 0000 4233 0 00 0000 0 9 gt pii slololo oloje Sje e Ssj e e baad bond ol slo ojo oj ojojo s s 2 o gt o sis e gt ee 00 0 000 oe Mr gle 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 ao 16590 SESE 110 872 17304 Reet 70 26277 SIS 6000 ETS OeT 05 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000
15. 16 Scatter diagram for M4 data buoy off the coast of Ireland Once the most suitable wave power device has been chosen and the power matrix obtained the wave height and wave period data recorded at the site must be converted into power output To do this created a program in MATLAB 31 and used wave height and wave period data from four different sites around the coast of Ireland The data was gathered by the Marine Institute in Ireland using data buoys see Figure 17 distributed around the Irish coast 32 Obtaining data from four different locations spread around the island ensured that wave energy fluctuations were minimised A list of data buoys can be seen at 33 Figure 17 A Data Buoy River Hydro River hydro refers to hydroelectric dams with no storage facility i e they must operate as water passes through them Although there is no river hydro in Ireland at the moment it was used to simulate the Irish reference model found that if hydro power was simulated under the Hydro option which is discussed after E Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 this section EnergyPLAN would simulate the dispatch of hydro itself However the optimal dispatch of hydro according to EnergyPLAN was different to the actual dispatch of hydro power in Ireland in the year 2007 In contrast the river hydro power did not simulate the dispatch of hydro but in
16. 2 7 of the investment and the variable O amp M costs are approximately 1 3 of the investment The costs for PHES in Ireland were found from Gonzalez et al 51 as 0 476 M MW and 7 89 M GWh for the initial investment 0 6 of the investment for the fixed O amp M cost and 3 MWh for the variable O amp M cost For the individual heating units such as boilers electric heaters solar found the investment and fixed O amp M costs by contacting the suppliers as displayed in Table 3 7 Remember to include the installation costs for boilers and solar systems such as the installation of the central heating system which can be obtained from 54 The type of individual heating systems in Ireland by fuel type was got from a report carried out by the Irish Central Statistics Office CSO 55 Finally just to note that taxes should not be included in the costs inputted here Therefore if a supplier is contacted to obtain the costs ensure the price quoted is without tax Table 3 7 Costs excluding taxes of individual heating systems for the reference model of the Irish energy system Fuel Type Size Cost Including Installation Lifetime O amp M Costs years year Oil 26 kW 14750 15 110 Biomass 19 kW 19500 15 110 Natural Gas 26 kW 14750 15 110 Solid Fuel 21 kW 15300 15 110 Electric Boiler 12 kW 15500 15 0 Electric Heaters 20 kW 6000 20 0 Solar Thermal 2400 kWh year 5900 35 55 Does not account for electric transmis
17. 2009 21 Marine Institute Irish Marine Weather Buoy Network Available from http www marine ie home publicationsdata data buoys accessed 23rd February 2009 22 Vestas V90 3 0 MW Vestas 2007 Available from http www vestas com en wind power solutions wind turbines 3 0 mw aspx 23 Hannevig D Oriel Windfarm Limited Grid Connection Presentation EirGrid 2007 Available from http www eirgrid com media 7 200ffshore 20Wind 20 20Dan 20Hannevig 20 20Sure 20Engineering pdf 24 European Communities Solar radiation and photovoltaic electricity potential country and regional maps for Europe Available from http sunbird jrc it pvgis cmaps eur htm accessed 13th November 2010 56 References Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 25 Met ireann Met ireann The Irish Meteorological Service Online Available from http www met ie accessed 4th September 2009 26 Klima og Energiministeriet Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut Available from htto www dmi dk accessed 13th November 2010 27 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Tidal and Current Energy Resources in Ireland Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2004 Available from http www seai ie Grants Renewable Energy RD D Projects funded to date Ocean Tidal and M arine Current Energy Resource in Ireland 28 Electricity Supply Board ESB International All Island Grid Study Renewa
18. 60 100 0 6 0 6 400 240 4 100 100 100 1 0 1 0 400 400 5 80 80 100 0 8 0 8 400 320 6 40 40 100 0 4 0 4 400 160 100 80 D 60 O 40 E eD OA 20 0 OTTAONNDOTNONNDOAFONNDOTONDOFJTAONDOFAFONDODO NINAN ITI OAM ODO 0s1MOLSN04OMUNmM4AOINNN NON NA FT itiAANNNN MMMMAIAIK ONNNMNMNWND5SDZ O O WO ONN Hour Figure 1 Distribution of Irish electricity demand for January 2007 12 m 1 5 TWh Demand miTWhDemand m 0 5 TWh Demand 3000 2500 2000 1500 3 1000 500 0 OTFTWON WOOD TAN WODTAWANUWOODOTAN WOOD TAN UO TAN OO FT N INAN TODO AA TVW AAMUMOWDOMMNMNAWDAONNMNR ON TRAOAQA FT AA TAI ANN NNO nN J 4 TCU FT N N AN LN O O O HO ONN Hour Figure 2 Distribution modified by the total Irish electricity demand required for January 2007 12 a Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 3 1 Technical Data Required EnergyPLAN simulates a single year in hourly time steps To create an initial model I picked the year 2007 as it was the most recent when I started gathering my data To explain where I got my data I will discuss each tab within the EnergyPLAN model separately The Frontpage tab displayed in Figure 3 illustrates a flow diagram of the EnergyPLAN model indicating how all the various components of the energy system interact with one another The Input tab is used to describe the parameters of the energy system in q
19. EI KGSER Total Capacity Overall MW PP MW Efficiency PP Efficiency MW Efficiency Reference 1000 2000 0 4 0 5 3000 0 466 Alternative 1 500 2500 0 4 0 5 3000 0 484 Alternative 2 0 3000 0 4 0 5 3000 0 500 Wind 3 3 Electricity Imports 2 3 Landfill gas biomass amp other biogas 0 7 Electricity Transformation Loss 50 5 of inputs Hydro 1 1 W N a lt Natural Gas 54 2 Natural Gas 52 9 Coal 22 3 Fuel Oil 7 2 t Gas oil amp refinery gas 0 2 Landfill gas biomass Coal 18 8 amp other biogas 0 5 Peat 7 4 _ Oil 6 8 Hydro 2 3 Electricity imports 4 6 Note Some statistical differences and rounding errors exist between inputs and outputs Wind 6 7 Percentages of inputs on the left refer to percentages of total inputs percentages of gross electricity generated Ei H 5 CHP as of total electricity generation 6 2 Figure 8 Breakdown of fuel consumption and electricity generated in Irish electricity system 44 3 3 2 2 Renewable Electricity In order to define the energy available from a renewable energy resource in your energy system you need to define five major features The type of renewable energy in question The installed capacity of the renewable resource The distribution profile hourly for one year The stabilisation share Ve ey R The correction factor Parameters 1 3 are reasonably intuitive and have been discussed in detail i
20. EnergyPLAN Aalborg University Verifying Reference Model Data ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 6 Conclusions The EnergyPLAN model is extremely useful because it is simple to use However this simplicity creates a responsibility on the user to ensure that the data inputted is as accurate and relevant as possible The time required to build the reference model is cumbersome as there is a lot of false paths along the way However the wave of possibilities that present themselves upon completion of the reference model ensure that the time spent searching for data becomes a worthy experience Once the reference model is completed it is possible to build and analyse energy systems with endless quantities of renewable energy conventional plant energy storage and transport technologies in a relatively short period of time Finally the level of detail discussed in this report is not necessary for every study completed using EnergyPLAN especially in relation to the distributions used Therefore before spending a large period of time gathering data ensure that the data is required for the accuracy of the results psa Conclusions Aalborg University Fa ri N Co N gt gt FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 7 Appendix Ireland s Energy Balance 2007 7 1 2007 Units TWh Indigenous Production Imports Exports Mar Bunkers Stock Change Primary Energy Su
21. Fixed imp exp 0 00 1 65 Transportation 8 22 0 00 Total 35 74 ss O District heating District heating demand Solar Thermal Industrial CHP CSHP Demand after solar and CSHP Capacities Efficiencies MWe MJs elec Ther COP 1945 1241 0 58 0 37 300 1050 3484 Regulation Strategy Technical regulation no 3 KEOL regulation 23458000 Minimum Stabilisation share 0 00 Stabilisation share of CHP 0 00 Minimum CHP gr 3 load 0 Minimum PP 0 Heat Pump maximum share 0 50 Maximum import export 0 Price_DKV_2008 txt 100 00 DKK MWh Group 2 CHP Heat Pump Boiler Group 3 CHP Heat Pump Boiler Condensing Heatstorage gr 2 40 GWh gr 3 10 GWh Fixed Boiler gr 2 0 5 Percent gr 3 0 5 Percent Electricity prod from CSHP Waste TWh year Gr 1 0 00 0 00 Gr 2 0 00 0 39 Gr 3 0 89 072 WARNING 1 Critical Excess Hydro Tur Hy Geo Waste Stab Pump bine RES dro thermal CSHP CHP PP Load Imp Exp MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW 5908 0 200 2340 385 200 1539 207 1745 1492 1276 3 50 0 95 2 96 1 25 0 00 1 71 1292 2100 7574 0 60 0 60 0 31 3 50 0 95 Distr Name Addition factor Multiplication factor 1 05 Dependency factor 0 02 Average Market Price 541 Gas Storage 6000 Syngas capacity 3522 Biogas max to grid 895 4454 MW 10173 MW 5000 MW 300 MW 0 MW 0 MW Grid stabili sation share Wind Offshore Wind Photo Voltaic Wave Power Hydro Power Geothermal Nuclear Output D
22. Fuel 0 incr B3 decr ELT3 0 DKK MWh Variable OM St incr GTL decr B3 0 DKK M w h External Electricity Market orage incr GTL decr CHP3 0 DKK MWh gt Simulation se 0 liek Abed Power Plants Condensing Power 0 DKK MWh Qutput Pump 0 DKK MWh e PP2 0 DKK M wh Turbine 0 DKK M Wh e T Hydro Power 0 DKK M w h 2G Discharge 0 DKK MWh e Gash 0 DKK MWh Hydro Power Pump 0 DKK Mwh e Individual Incr Ngas CHP decr B 0 DKK M w h Individual Incr Bio CHP decr B 0 DKK MWh Boiler 7 DKK MWheth Incr HP decrease EH 0 DKK MwWh CHP 0 DKK M Wh e e 2 Hest Pune 7 DKK MWh e Marginal Costs of storing I MWh electrcity Electric heating 0 DKK MWh e DKK MWh Multiplication Factor Individual Incr H2 CHP decr Boiler 0 85 Total cost of storing defined pr MWh of electricity production Storage EE ENE ie 0 ia Minimum selling price devided by maximum buying price pale eee eae E lss Hydro Pump Storage 0 3 37 Under this tab you must enter the variable operation and maintenance costs These are the costs that occur if the technology in question is used For example an annual service has to be done every year regardless of how often the generating plant operates Therefore this is a fixed operation and maintenance charge However if the generating plant generates 1 GWh it must get a second service costing 1500 Therefore the generating plant has a variable operation and maintenance cost of 1500 GWh or 1 50 MWh as this sec
23. Ireland Hourly Finally by obtaining the HDD data the level of heat required each day within a building can be estimated However this only considered the space heating distribution and not the hot water distribution Therefore a heat distribution which accounted for both space heating and hot water demand had to be constructed For the summer months it was assumed that space heating would not be required it was assumed that the heat absorbed by the building during warm temperatures and also the building s occupants would keep the building warm during colder temperatures Therefore during the summer hot water is the only heating demand It was also assumed that hot water is a constant demand each day for the entire year as people tend to use a consistent amount of water regardless of temperature or time of year The BERR in the UK completed a report in relation to domestic hot water and space heating which indicated that the ratio of space heating to hot water heating in the home is 7 3 38 Therefore as seen in Figure 7 for the heat distribution a 30 Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data a ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN constant bandwidth was placed at the base representing hot water demand and a 70 demand was placed on top based on Degree Day data representing the space heating requirements Figure 7 represents the heat distribution constructed for modelling the heat demand within the Irish ene
24. Web Run Run Run Run from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warnings Appear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel Heat and Electricity Electricity Only Heat Only Thermal Plant Fuel Distribution Waste Liquid and Gas Fuels C02 3 Demand Supply Heat and Electricity Waste Incineration Electricity Onl i f TA year s ven p 4 ny Waste is defined geograhical on the three district heating groups Only one hour distribution can be defined and storage of waste is not considered an option Thermal Plant Fuel Distributi Heat production is utilised and given priority in the respective district heating groups Electricity production is fed into the grid Biofuel production for transportation is transfered to the transportation window And biofuels for CHP and boliers is substracted from the fuels in the respective district heating group Various represent non energy products such as food Liquid and Gas Fuels The economic value is substrated from the cost of the waste energy recource co2 Strategy CHP Boiler rd and Storage Distribution of Waste Change const tst 1 Coal 2 Biomass Cos Simulation Fuel Substitution Output Biofuel CHP Boiler TWh pear 0 00 Waste input Twh year DH production Biofuel transportation Efficiency TWh year 0 0 00 Electricity production
25. and M Total Various 0 0 Description of Investment go ON Do ON O na e w i b 2 D p N p B G EL fe O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G ei de det O O O de 0 G _ 6 O O 18 0O O O O fe O 5 nN o HETE TT 3 5 3 Fuel Tab Home Add On Tools ft amp Home New Import from excel f r Open B Save P Save As EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Help F Show Hints Settings General Warnings Appear Here G Overview z Demand H Supply i Balancing and Storage S Cost General B Investment and Fixed OM Heat and Electricity Liquid and Gas Fuels Heat Infrastructure Road Vehicles Buel Variable OM oo External Electricity Market Simulation H Output Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Dutput Notes Delete Import From Excel General Investment and Fixed OM Fuel Variable OM Extemal Electricity Market Fuels and Taxes Wet Biomass Incl handling etc Dry Nuclear Uranium s gt Diesel Fuel price alternative Basic Coal FuelQil Gasoil PetrolAP Nagas LPG Waste Biomass Biomass Fuel Price world market prices DKK GJ 0 0 a 0 0 eo o 0 a a Fuel handling costs distribution and refinery DKK GJ bp jp pb 0 p 0 0 bo 0 0 0 e b e p pe To Biomass Conversion Plants To central CHP a
26. as there is sufficient pump and storage capacity available Therefore the balance for the storage is 592 MWh 740 0 8 in and 401 MWh out 321 0 8 which means the value at the end of the hour is 40 592 401 231 MWh 4 Finally all the excess power was sent to the storage and all of the grid stabilising power was provided by the turbine so no export or import occurred Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty aoo ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Finally the single penstock is evaluated in the same way except if excess power and grid stabilisation must be provided at the same time the excess power is prioritised i e pump operates and the power plants PP provide the grid stabilisation i e as the turbine cannot operate when the pump is operating Table 4 3 Calculating the hour pump and turbine demand for a double penstock PHES Hour Ke one P Pump Turbine Storage ae CEEP EEEP 885 500 1230 0 1000 527 4220 100 0 257 0 886 472 1212 0 975 519 4351 100 0 284 0 887 442 1200 0 812 514 4357 100 0 461 0 888 403 1008 0 804 432 4460 100 0 233 0 889 383 982 0 675 421 4474 100 0 345 0 890 363 1116 0 658 478 4402 100 0 574 0 4 7 Description of stab load from EnergyPLAN results window As displayed in Figure 22 there are a number of grid stabilisation regulations that can be specified under the Regulation tab These are the requirements that must be met to ensure the reliable operation of the electric
27. at the same time the storage capacity does not fill up as quickly as a single penstock system Therefore double penstock system can achieve higher fluctuating renewable energy penetrations at lower storage capacities than a single penstock system Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty 300 ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Table 4 1 Results for hours 1 10 when using a single and a double penstock PHES operation strategy in EnergyPLAN hour Faen ke pump turbine storage ae import CEEP EEEP Double Penstock System YES 1 397 194 0 0 203 136 170 0 0 0 2 374 266 1 6 113 O 100 0 0 0 362 400 38 209 134 O 100 0 0 0 4 346 522 0 400 224 40 100 0 O 0 5 331 750 0 740 321 230 100 0 0 0 6 323 616 0 557 264 346 100 O 0 0 7 326 618 O 557 265 460 100 0 0 0 8 335 860 0 893 369 714 100 0 0 O 9 346 772 0 757 331 906 100 0 0 0 10 354 672 0 606 288 1031 100 0 0 0 Single Penstock System NO 1 397 194 0 0 203 4747 170 O 0 0 2 374 266 114 6 0 4752 100 0 0 3 362 400 171 209 O 4919 100 0 0 4 346 522 224 101 O 5000 100 0 298 0 5 331 750 0 0 321 4598 100 0 740 0 6 323 616 264 502 0 5000 100 0 55 0 7 326 618 O 0 265 4669 100 0 557 0 8 335 860 369 414 O 5000 100 0 479 0 9 346 772 0 0 331 4586 100 0 757 0 10 354 672 288 517 0 5000 100 0 89 0 Values highlighted in red and green relate to section 4 7 of this report Table 4 2 Parameters used in EnergyPLAN for the sample calculations on the two PHES operation strategie
28. ground or water into another heat source i e a district heating network 36 Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 3 Option 2 but Reducing CHP also when partly needed for grid stabilisation As stated this is largely the same as option 2 In option 2 CHP is reduced when there is a large output from renewable energy sources However in option 3 CHP is also reduced if it is required for grid stabilisation 4 Option 1 using the Triple Tariff As stated this is largely the same as option 1 However in this option CHP plants do not operate according to the heat demand but instead they operate according to the Triple Tariff The Triple Tariff was introduced in Denmark to encourage CHP units to produce electricity during peak hours Therefore CHP plants got paid 3 times more for producing electricity during peak hours times than any other time of the day As a result thermal storage became very common with CHP plants so they could store the excess heat created while output was high during peak electricity hours This regulation option is used to simulate the Triple Tariff The market simulation is designed to match supply and demand at the least cost rather than on the minimum fuel consumption For this simulation two primary steps are completed 1 The short term marginal cost of producing electricity and or heat is calculated for each power producing
29. model does not require economic inputs as it is usually only the technical performance that is compared After creating the reference model using the technical inputs then the fuel investment and O amp M costs can be added to carry out a socio economic analysis of the energy system Therefore alternatives can now be created and compared in relation to their technical performance and annual operating costs Finally the external electricity market costs can be added so a market simulation can be completed in EnergyPLAN this enables you to identify the optimum performance of the energy system from a business economic perspective rather than a technical perspective However typically the aim when creating future alternatives is to identify how the optimum business economic scenario can be altered to represent the optimum socio economic scenario i e by adjusting taxes as this is the most beneficial for society Finally before discussing the data that was collected it is important to be aware of the type of data that EnergyPLAN typical requires Usually the EnergyPLAN model requires two of the following technical parameters 1 The total annual production demand i e TWh year 2 The capacity of the unit installed i e MW 3 The hourly distribution of the total annual production demand which have the following criteria a There must be 8784 data points one for each hour b The data points are usually between 0 and 1 representing 0 100
30. o EEE sisis 00 o o 0 0 s 5 5 jll S S jja ajs coer 1959 0013 0 102 0017 0 000 000 0000 0000 T 0000 0009 0000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 37000 16000 12057 1 000 Lao 0380 10515 051 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 _ 9 000 0 000 2156 0 000 0 044 0 249 0015 0 012 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 01000 0 000 00 ca 0000 3500 0000 6088 aooo 6000 10009 16250 6009 2000 a000 a000 0000 0000 0090 0009 0000 Km 0 000 rao 0 000 500 0 000 KN 0 000 0000 0 000 aooo 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 249 0 000 0000 Ca 0 000 aano 0 000 KN 0 000 aame 0000 00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 061 0 000 0 027 0 000 0 000 0006 Fo000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 IX iversity Appendi Aalborg Un ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 8 References 1 Aalborg University EnergyPLAN Advanced Energy System Analysis Computer Model Available from http www energyplan eu accessed 8 September 2014 2 Connolly D Lund H Mathiesen BV Leahy M A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems Applied Energy 2010 87 4 1059 1082 3 University of Lim
31. output of 0 11 TWh this would give the wind farm a capacity factor of 49 8 which is very high and hence used a second method also Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data EO ENDEL re FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN z u 3 O A Wind Speed m s Figure 9 Power curve for a Vestas V90 wind turbine 22 For the second method I simply found the average capacity factor for an offshore wind farm in Ireland which was 40 23 I then calculated the annual output from the wind farm Eannual using the installed wind capacity PW and the average capacity factor for an offshore wind farm CFw as displayed below Eannualt 8760Py CFy 2 The result was 0 088 TWh from an installed wind capacity of 25 2 MW with a capacity factor of 40 Therefore after the offshore wind capacity and onshore wind distribution were inputted into EnergyPLAN and the correction factor was adjusted to 0 36 until the annual output was 0 088 GWh In my opinion this method is better when simulating alternatives which introduce new large scale wind capacities as it uses the average capacity factor In comparison the first method is better if you are simulating a specific wind farm as it takes into account the specific wind speeds at that site As Ireland has very little offshore wind at the moment but my future alternatives will most likely simulate large scale offshore wind capacities I used the second method for my model P
32. required the lifetime of each unit and the interest rate on repayments 2 Fuel costs purchasing handling and taxes in relation to each fuel as well as their CO gt costs 3 Operation costs the variable and fixed operation and maintenance costs for each production unit 4 External electricity market see section 4 5 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 3 5 1 General When downloading the EnergyPLAN tool you also receive a number of costs databases for different years These are primarily based on price forecasts from the Danish Energy Agency DEA so they can be used as a proxy when completing your studies For example the 2020DEACosts txt file highlighted in Figure 18 provides the costs required for the year 2020 based on data from the DEA However costs may vary from country to country so you should consider this when interpreting your results The most recent version of the EnergyPLAN cost files are available online www EnergyPLAN eu costdatabase These can be loaded into the EnergyPLAN tool under the Cost gt General tabsheet F t EnergyPLAN energyPlan Data Cost Organize Include in library Share with Burn New folder sr Favorites E Recent Places 2020DEACosts bt di CEESA IDA2030 cost2009 bt ME Desktop L Figure 18 Cost database provided with the EnergyPLAN tool The costs can be used by EnergyPLAN to perform soc
33. scale integration of optimal combinations of PV wind and wave power into electricity supply 10 d Large scale integration of wind power into different energy systems 11 After reading these journal papers and observing the contribution that the results made to the Danish energy system it was evident that similar research would benefit the Irish energy system 7 Finally and possibly the most important reason for using EnergyPLAN was Prof Henrik Lund s supportive attitude when approached him about using EnergyPLAN My progress has been accelerated beyond expectation due to the support and guidance from both Prof Henrik Lund and Associate Prof Brian Vad Mathiesen This is an essential aid when embarking on research especially when learning new skills and meeting deadlines at the same time These are only some of reasons for using the EnergyPLAN tool A more detailed overview of EnergyPLAN can be found in 1 while a more thorough comparison with other energy tools can be found here 2 3 Why EnergyPLAN Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 3 Collecting the Required Data After choosing any energy tool for a study it is crucial that you ensure that the tool is capable of accurately modelling your particular application Therefore the first step is to create a reference model of an historical year In my first study chose the 2007 Irish energy system as my reference and hence
34. tab AFTER it has been manipulated by the Addition factor and the Multiplication Factor Nordpool prod This is the Price Distribution in the External Electricity Market Definition section under the Regulation tab AFTER it has been manipulated by the Addition factor and the Multiplication Factor Also for a market simulation the price elasticity is also considered It is used to determine the units which can afford to buy electricity i e heat pumps electrolysers energy storage etc Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty a7 ENDE au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Abbreviation Input System prices The system price is the resulting price after the NordPool price has been influenced by the import export of electricity as defined by the price electricity input in the Regulation tab The system price is lower than the NordPool price when there is export and higher when there is import DKmarket prices This is the market price for the energy system being simulated which is calculated based on the units operating their capacities and their corresponding costs from the Cost gt Fuel and the Cost gt Operation tabs Btl neck prices This is the price difference between the external market price System Price and the market being simulated DKmarket prices import payments This is the cost of importing electricity and it is obtained by multipl
35. the Geothermal operated by absorption hear pump on steam from waste CHP plants for the DH Gr 3 under the Input gt Waste tab chp3 heat The amount of heat produced from the CHP units in Group 3 of the Input gt DistrictHeating tab The capacity of CHP units available to produce this heat is defined in the CHP input which is also under the Group 3 section hp3 heat The amount of heat produced from the Heat Pump units in Group 3 of the Input gt DistrictHeating tab The capacity and coefficient of performance for the heat pump units available to produce this heat are defined in the Heat Pump amp COP inputs respectively which are also under the Group 3 section boiler heat r The amount of heat produced from the boiler units in Group 3 of the Input gt DistrictHeating tab The capacity and efficiency for the boiler units available to produce this heat are defined in the Boiler amp Therm inputs respectively which are also under the Group 3 section EH3 heat Heat produced from the electric boiler in Group 3 of district heating This occurs if CEEP regulation number 5 is used under the Regulation tab ELT3 heat Heat produced from the Electrolyser in Group 3 under the Input gt ElecStorage tab storage CHP gr3 Energy available in Heat storage gr 2 for CHP under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab heat3 balan
36. to the external market There are four types of technical simulation 1 Balancing Heat Demands This option performs a technical simulation where heat producing plants must operate according to the heat demand The units chosen to supply the heat demand are chosen in the following order i Solar Thermal ii Industrial CHP iii Heat Production from Waste iv CHP Heat v Heat Pumps vi Peak Load Boilers This also affects electricity production Under this regulation the amount of heat that CHP units produce and hence the amount of electricity they produce is dependent on the heat demand at that time 2 Balancing Both Heat and Electricity Demands This option performs a technical simulation where the export of electricity is minimised primarily by replacing CHP production with boilers or heat pumps when there is excess electricity By doing this the electricity consumption is increased i e more electric boilers or heat pumps and the electricity produced is decreased i e less CHP production Also for this operating strategy if there is condensing power plant production on the grid and there is CHP capacity available then the CHP replaces it and the excess heat produced is sent to a thermal storage A graphical illustration of this option is displayed in Figure 19 This ensures that the energy system operates with the largest efficiency possible 6 Heat pumps are powered by electricity to transfer heat from one heat source i e
37. unit 2 The least cost combination of production units is chosen to supply the demand For a detailed explanation of the calculations completed in both the technical simulation and the market simulation read chapter 6 and 7 respectively in the EnergyPLAN user manual 1 4 3 1 Business economic vs Socio economic calculations Economic results from EnergyPLAN can be divided into two types of studies 1 Socio economic costs Taxes are not included 2 Business economic costs Taxes are included The socio economic studies are designed to minimise the costs to society i e the cost for the region country to provide the energy necessary In a socio economic study the aim is to identify the costs associated with the Technical Simulation This way you can simulate the performance of the energy system without the restrictions imposed by economic infrastructures Therefore the following steps can be followed 1 Complete a Technical Simulation identifying the optimum technical operation of the energy system for example the system with minimum Critical Excess Electricity Production CEEP or minimum CO2 2 Complete a socio economic study to identify the costs associated with the technical simulation The business economic studies show what can be done while being profitable for a business or person Once the socio economic study is completed the market economic study should be done to identify how the existing market infrastructure obstructs the optima
38. when doing this are 1 PES Primary Energy Supply This is the total energy required within the energy system 2 CO This is the amount of CO2 produced within the energy system 3 Annual costs The annual costs required to supply the required energy demand 4 EEEP Exportable Excess Electricity Production This is the amount of electricity that had to be exported from the energy system AND it was possible to export because the required transmission out of the energy system was available 5 CEEP Critical Excess Electricity Production This is the amount of electricity that had to be exported from the energy system BUT COULD NOT be exported because the required transmission was not available How important each of these parameters is depends on the objective of your study Exercise four in the EnergyPLAN training which is available from the EnergyPLAN website 1 provides a good example of how these parameters are used to compare alternative energy systems Finally other parameters may also be used to compare energy systems but these are the most common 4 5 External Electricity Market Price Under the regulation tab an external electricity market price can be defined The distribution is NOT indexed like other distributions in EnergyPLAN instead the actual values in the distribution are used The distribution can be manipulated by an Addition Factor and a Multiplication Factor The addition factor is used to represent
39. 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 0 00 2 91 66 60 71 47 0 00 0 00 0 00 26 januar 2015 13 01 52 Verifying Reference Model Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN MENNENE Input CEESA 2050 Rec MI 201312 Complete txt The EnergyPLAN model 12 0 Electricity demand TWhyear Flexible demand 4 07 Capacities Efficiencies Regulation Strategy Technical regulation no 3 Fuel Price level Basic Fixed demand 21 80 Fixed imp exp 0 00 Group 2 MW e MJ s elec Ther COP KEOL regulation 23458000 a cae Electric heating HP 1 65 j 8 22 CHP 1945 1241 0 58 0 37 Minimum Stabilisation share O00 Capacities Storage Efficiencie Electric cooling 0 00 35 74 Heat Pump 1050 3 50 Stabilisation share of CHP 0 00 MW e GWh elec Ther PP G Boiler 3484 0 95 Minimum CHP gr 3 load 0 re Pump a District heating TWh year Group 3 Minimum PP p Hydro Turbine 0 0 85 District heating demand i i r CHP 1292 0 60 0 31 Heat Pump maximum share 0 50 Electrol Gr 2 0 0 0 00 Solar Thermal 1 gt Heat Pump 2100 en Vexport 0 Electrol Gr 3 0 0 0 00 Industrial CHP CSHP j Boiler 7574 0 95 Electrol trans 1909 477 0 73 Demand after solar and CSHP I k Condensing 0 60 Distr Name Price DKV 2008 txt Ely MicroCHP 0 0 0 00 Addition factor 100 00 DKK MWh CAES fuel ratio 0 000 Wind 4454 MW i Heatstorage gr 2 40 GWh gr 3 10 GWh Multiplication factor 1 05 Whea Coal Oi Noas Bio Offshore Wind 10173 MW li Fixed Boiler gr 2 0 5 Percent
40. 2005 Final Results Central Statistics Office Ireland 2007 Available from http www cso ie releasespublications pr hseholds htm Lund H A Green Energy Plan for Denmark Environmental and Resource Economics 1998 14 3 431 439 Connolly D Leahy M A Review of Energy Storage Technologies For the integration of fluctuating renewable energy Version 4 0 University of Limerick 2010 Available from http www dconnolly net publications html Holttinen H Hirvonen R Power System Requirements for Wind Power Wind Power in Power Systems John Wiley amp Sons Ltd 2005 pp 144 167 58 References Aalborg University
41. 3 60 9 60 17 00 18 00 3 19 8 16 7 01 2020 110 14 96 10 56 18 70 19 80 3 11 9 16 7 45 The crude oil price was used to identify the cost of Fuel Oil Diesel and Petrol Jet Fuel As these fuels are refined from crude oil their prices are proportional to the crude oil price and hence the price ratio between each of these and crude oil typically remains constant Therefore the following ratios recommended by the Danish Energy Authority was used to calculate these prices 47 ratio of crude oil to fuel oil was 1 to 0 70 crude oil to diesel was 1 to 1 25 and crude oil to petrol jet fuel was 1 to 1 33 Also the fuel handling costs were obtained from the Danish Energy Agency 47 and are displayed in Table 3 9 Table 3 9 Fuel handling costs 47 GJ Fuel Oil Gas oil Diesel Petrol JP Coal NEL mers Biomass Power Stations central 0 228 0 228 0 067 0 428 1 160 S 1 914 1 807 EG 1 165 1 120 Individual households 2 905 2 945 6 118 Road transport 3 159 4 257 11 500 48 Airplanes 0 696 3 5 3 2 Taxes rang the Irish revenue office to find out if there were any taxes on specific fuels or technologies and found that there was none Note that Value Added Tax VAT is not included here Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data 330 ENDEL re FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 5 4 Variable OM EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata XOX G z Ene
42. 57 359 128 319 405 0 27227 173 1109 428 757 7 18 0 4759 June 172 0 761 325 128 160 3 0 24163 157 1073 95 128 2 0 0 7372 July 172 0 761 361 128 161 3 0 23892 181 1066 130 75 1 0 0 7597 August 0 761 340 128 156 3 0 25467 161 1069 113 100 1 0 0 7597 September 0 981 259 128 304 lt 0 24204 125 1102 325 345 2 0 0 7586 October 0 1290 164 128 308 8 0 23050 78 1110 279 1021 12 69 0 6932 November 0 1584 104 128 450 8 0 24369 50 1110 414 1227 15 405 0 1203 December 455 0 1823 62 128 865 4 307 0 21717 3746 30 1110 732 1255 8 610 0 2099 Average 337 142 0 195 1379 235 128 427 390 5 194 0 24442 0 2771 113 1099 391 835 7 334 0 3975 9 Maximum 836 707 0 836 3247 2154 128 1605 700 19 1851 34 40000 1144 6872 1401 1110 1207 1400 34 3339 2 10000 1003 Minimum 158 0 0 16 709 Q 128 0 34 0 0 0 0 1316 1302 Q 859 0 28 0 0 0 Q 1113 Total for the whole year TWhiyear 296 1 25 000 1 71 1211 206 113 375 342 004 171 000 0 00 2434 100 965 343 733 006 293 000 0 08 There are two rows of abbreviations on top The first signifies the type of district heating e Gr 1 Group 1 district heating e Gr 2 Group 2 district heating e Gr 3 Group 3 district heating These different groups are described in section 4 2 The next row signifies the type of production or demand with each of the groups e District Heating the district heating demand in that specific group e Solar District heating supplied to the grid by solar district heating systems e CSHP District he
43. Energy 2006 31 4 503 515 11 Lund H Large scale integration of wind power into different energy systems Energy 2005 30 13 2402 2412 12 EirGrid Welcome to EirGrid Available from http www eirgrid com accessed 8th November 2010 13 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Welcome to the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Available from http www seai ie accessed 9th January 2011 14 International Energy Agency Energy Balances of OECD Countries International Energy Agency 2008 Available from http www iea org Textbase publications free new Desc asp PUBS ID 2033 15 International Energy Agency Energy Balances of Non OECD Countries International Energy Agency 2008 Available from http www iea org Textbase publications free new Desc asp PUBS ID 1078 16 Sustainable Energy Ireland Energy Balance 2007 Sustainable Energy Ireland 2008 Available from http www sei ie Publications Statistics Publications 2007 Energy Balance 17 Meteotest METEONORM Available from http www meteonorm com pages en meteonorm php accessed 30th March 2009 18 ENTSO E We are the European TSOs Available from http www entsoe eu accessed 17th May 2010 19 ENTSO E Statistical Database Available from http www entsoe eu index php id 67 accessed 17th May 2010 20 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Wind Speed Mapping Available from http esb2 net weblink ie SEI MapPage asp accessed 23rd February
44. Historically PHES and other large scale electricity storage facilities have typically been constructed with a single penstock system as they were designed to maximise electricity generation from baseload power plants i e by charging during the night when electricity prices were low due to a high percentage of baseload power es Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN EEIEIIE and discharging during the day when electricity prices were high due to a high demand Therefore they could not or never needed to charge and discharge at the same time To simulate this scenario in EnergyPLAN select NO for Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump However if energy storage devices are designed especially to integrate fluctuating renewable energy there may be additional benefits when using PHES that can charge and discharge at the same time This can be achieved in a single PHES facility by installing two penstocks as displayed in Figure 21 or also by installing multiple single penstock system PHES facilities on the same energy system i e one can charge while the other is discharging at the same time By using a double penstock system the PHES introduces more flexibility onto the energy system and hence it can aid the integration of more renewable energy As a result this operating strategy is also possible in EnergyPLAN by selecting YES when asked Allow for simultaneous operation of
45. Individual District Heating Solar istrict Heating Heat tone Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Total Distribution n i s Electricity Electric Production 0 10 10 20 00 Change Hour_distr heat txt e boiler p Network Losses 0 2 0 15 0 1 eS thermal l Heat Demand For my initial energy model did not have to include any district heating since there are currently no large scale installations in Ireland 3 2 2 1 Heat Distribution It was very difficult to predict the annual heat distribution for the entire population of Ireland In order to estimate it used Degree Day data from Met ireann the Irish meteorological service 25 There are Heating Degree Days HDD and Cooling Degree Days CDD As their title suggest the HDD indicate the level of heating required on a given day and the CDD indicate the level of cooling required on a given day In Ireland cooling is not usually necessary due to the climate and therefore the HDD was used to estimate the amount of heat required Heating Degree Days work as follows The temperature within a building is usually 2 3 C more than outside so when the outside temperature is 15 5 C the inside of a building is usually 17 5 C to 18 5 C Therefore once the temperature drops below this 15 5 C outside temperature setpoint the inside temperature drops below 17 5 18 5 C and the space heating within a building is usually turned on Note that this 15 5
46. KK MWh pr MW Ngas Biomass DKK MWh GWh MW MW District Heating Waste Solar CSHP DHP CHP HP ELT Boiler EH MW MW Million DKK 190 1307 401 1307 454 1307 692 1307 758 1306 624 1270 685 1264 644 1266 581 1300 398 1307 216 1307 128 1307 481 1296 Maximum 10955 3841 1307 Minimum 2170 0 1056 TWh year 39 41 4 22 11 38 FUEL BALANCE TWh year DHP CHP2 CHP3 Boiler2 446 1332 2693 0 391 873 2856 308 990 2459 170 842 1853 63 718 1188 17 241 237 17 270 144 17 249 204 23 587 628 150 501 1779 325 752 2334 416 1399 2284 195 730 1551 836 2532 3150 16 0 21 0 620 782 311 74 73 175 80 24 216 224 192 121 381 411 317 154 148 361 o0 00000000000680 00000000 00080 z 199 199 6418 6418 0 0 21 80 1230 5297 35 11 0 40 O 0M 0 00 61 63 0 00 0 1 77 11 26 22 0 1 75 1 75 0 00 0 645 CO2 emission Mt Total Netto 196 3719 46 8 600 1613 0 2308 1 72 0 40 000 000000000000 o000 000000o00000eo o000 000000000000 2482 12 NO 1 71 6 41 13 62 0 00 0 0 Biomass Renewable H2 etc Biofuel Nuclear CCS 1 81 1 81 0 00 8 44 8 44 10 61 0 00 10 61 0 77 0 00 0 77 CAES BioCon Synthetic P Imp Exp Corrected d fos PN eo Nu Hydro Waste ba version Fuel Ve O PY Nave Solar Th Transp ag Ov gt Imp Exp Netto 22 85 38 87 24 77 10 85 12 63 41 75 6 46 0 79 6 39 32 15 Figure 25 Verifying the EnergyPLAN model is functioning accurately
47. L COSTS 147810 RES Share 100 0 Percent of Primary Energy 243 3 Percent of Electrici 62 5 TWh electricity from RES Figure 24 Two A4 pages with a summary of the main results which can be printed using EnergyPLAN In this section some of the main results from these output sheets are described Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 4 9 1 Page 1 To be completed 4 9 2 Page 2 To be completed The left top half of pages 2 summarises the district heating production and demands These are described for the following e The average production demand for each month e The average maximum and minimum hourly demand production over the year being simulated e The total demand production over the year Output specifications CEESA 2050 Rec MI txt The EnergyPLAN District Heating Production Gr 1 Gr 2 Gr 3 District District Stor Ba District Stor Ba heating Solar CSHP DHP heating Solar CSHP CHP HP ELT Boiler EH age lance heating Solar CSHP CHP HP ELT Boiler EH age lance MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW January 504 2006 92 128 838 518 426 0 27435 4147 44 1110 693 1380 8 912 0 2 February 515 0 2044 193 128 532 594 7 591 0 25880 4231 93 1110 454 1386 15 1173 0 18 March 448 0 1793 219 128 579 506 5 0 24602 105 1110 532 1315 11 607 0 165 April 371 0 1506 341 128 446 451 3 0 21267 164 1110 490 1045 9 246 0 2188 May 305 0 12
48. Technical Simulation vs Market Simulation rrasrrrrnnnnnnnrrnnnnnnnrrnnnnnnnrrnnnnnnnsrnnnnnnnsennnnnnnesee 36 4 3 1 Business economic vs SOCIO ECONOMIC calculations rrrrnnnnrrnnnnnnnrrnnrnnnnrrrnrnnnnrrnnsnnner 37 4 4 Comparing Energy SVSUCINS inccosesccersaansancactsenaesdestaudnnbssusesdarencdenisbuctsaaitanteniutuadssasiectacbsenctnene 38 4 5 External Electricity Market Price rrrrnnnnnnrrnnnnnnnrnnrnnnnnrnnnnnnnnrrnnnnnsssnnnnnnsssnnnnnnsssnnnnnnsssnnnnn 38 4 6 Operation Strategy for Electricity Storage rrrrrrrnnnrrrrnrnnnnrrrnrnnnnrrnnrnnnnrrnnnnnnssrnnsnnnsssensnnnee 38 4 6 1 Storage capacity for the double penstock system strategy cccccccssseseceeeeeseeeeeeeees 40 4 7 Description of stab load from EnergyPLAN results WINdOW sssccccceesseceeeeeseeeeeeees 42 4 8 Abbreviations for the Results WINJOW rrrannnrrrnnnnnnrrnrnnnnnrrnrnnnnnrrnnnnnnerrnnnnnnesnnnnnsesennnnnnsesee 44 4 9 Understanding the Print Results sicicssconesenassanndcedsusdsdapoansnnedonsgvandoncdisaheweoedaateasoastancasoayoundaness 49 4 9 1 PETTER 51 4 9 2 PENE 51 5 Verifying Reference Model Data ccsscssccsccssccsccecccsccscceccesccscceccesccscceccesccscceccescessceccescs 52 6 COM SION S oen E E O T E E E E E E T E E E 54 Aalborg University Table of Contents a ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 7 PT saccsavccawansinetw cis onaaucantcnsscueccedecssaceasusoonbsinsssbiataseatanenpeevaceu
49. Turbine 514 MW As the turbine needs to produce 514 MW it means that 643 MWh 514 0 8 must be removed from the storage facility so the balance in the storage facility during this hour is 4351 649 643 4357 MWh 3 Now that EnergyPLAN has evaluated that the maximum electricity it can store is 812 MW and the total electricity it needs for stabilisation is 514 MW it can equate how much electricity is left for export which is 1200 514 812 442 460 MW Note that this has a tolerance of 1 MW as the decimal place may be greater or less than 0 5 An important issue to notice here is the value recorded for the storage facility at the end of the hour Even though the value recorded was 4357 MWh the storage capacity was full during the calculations i e after the pump demand was added 4351 649 5000 MWh Therefore when analysing the results for a double penstock the Maximum Storage for the PHES facility may not register as the storage capacity even though it has been full during the analysis For clarity purposes let s look at another example hour 5 from Table 4 1 1 There is 1000 MW and 5000 MWh of pump and storage capacity available respectively 2 There is 750 MW of wind and O MW of grid stabilising power Therefore the turbine capacity required is Turbine 0 3 Wind Turbine gt Turbine 321 MW 3 Now that the total production is 1071 MW 750 321 but the demand is only 331 MW 740 MW is sent to the storage
50. age 3 Cost General i Investment and Fixed OM Fuel Unit Prod type Investment Period O and M Total Inv Costs Annual Costs MDKK year of Inv MDKK Investment Fixed Opr and M fu Variable OM i External Electricity Market i Simulation Output Small CHP units Large CHP units Heat Storage CHP Waste CHP Absorp HP Waste Heat Pump ar 2 Heat Pump ar 3 DHP Boiler group 1 Boilers gr 2 and 3 1000 MW e 1500 MW e 20 GWh 0 00 Twh year 0 Myth OMW e 100 MW e OMW th 10000 Myw th MDKK pr Unit Years ol og og ocon og OCR OR OR o o og on on on ogo opi og og ocon o og o 0 0 G O GO O O O G O Electric Boiler gr2 gr3 200 M w e Large Power Plants 2500 MW e Nuclear Interconnection Pump Turbine Pump Storage OMW e 1600 Mw OMW e OMW e 0 GWh on og on og OCR o on og on og og o o og Bl og o O ee 20 o oOo Industrial CHP Electricity 0 00 Twh year Industrial CHP Heat 0 00 Twh year Under this tab you must enter the investment lifetime and fixed operation and maintenance costs These costs are used for to calculate the annual costs of each component based on a fixed rate repayment loan the governing equations for these calculations are discusse
51. ar thermal installation designed for hot water and some contribution to space heating 3 2 2 5 Solar Share The solar share is the percentage of houses that have a solar panel installed To estimate this in Ireland contacted the Irish energy agency SEAI 13 who told me that there was 33 600 m of solar thermal panels installed in Ireland A typical solar installation in Ireland uses 5 m therefore it was assumed that there are approximately 6 720 solar installations in Ireland From the 2006 census in Ireland it was stated that there are 1 469 521 homes in Ireland 43 Therefore it was concluded that there is a solar thermal installation in 0 45 6720 1469521 of Irish houses 3 2 2 6 Solar Input As stated above found the total solar energy utilised from the Irish Energy Balance 16 The solar input and solar share can be adjusted if necessary to match the solar production with the value stated in the Energy Balance Solar thermal output can be found by measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of the collector and also the flow rate Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data EE ETNE ae FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 2 3 cound ff EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdz ata 600 4 j yz EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata e Home Add On Tools Help PP 22 EDEA Clipboard geen Print seria Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel
52. ating supplied to the grid by waste incineration and industry e DHP District heating supplied to the grid by boilers This is only applicable to group 1 so in these systems the boilers are the primary conventional source of district heating e Boiler District heating supplied to the grid by boilers This is applicable to group 2 and group 3 so in these systems the boilers are mostly required for peak heat demands or as backup to CHP plants e CHP District heating supplied to the grid by combined heat and power plants e HP District heating supplied to the grid by solar heat pumps e ELT District heating supplied to the grid by the surplus heat from electrolysers e EH District heating supplied to the grid by electric boilers e Storage This is the amount of energy in the thermal storage system for district heating e Balance This outlines if there is a shortfall or excess of heat being produced in the district heating system If there is a significant imbalance then this needs to be rectified by adding or removing units from the district heating system OR by increasing or decreasing the demand Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty ECE ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 5 Verifying Reference Model Data Once all the data has been inputted into EnergyPLAN the final step is to verify that the model created is operating the same as the energy system that you are trying to simulate The first step is
53. balance of your energy system Irelands Provisional Energy Balance 2007 TWh FELE 3 a LE at i CE SER aa ier Daer er Tia TE F F 26 p RYE arr ner 2 ireo ores som osm omo ume asco ume ie ares vom fases 100 axa L IOREL SP CRO EOJ 30 TSA SF ned TSN eed Tone JUST io kia LEALL B iaa ones ion 0309 omo ume area ume sem fanen T nom faens som foros 3 Faen fos fasea fom fane AAAF fa EN in hd GN OE 5 in BE hin da bd ii dt EE hidtil BEL ind EE Double Click to Open if Using MS Word Version sel Figure 4 Irish energy balance for 2007 see Appendix 7 1 and reference 16 The Energy Balance document proved to be the most useful source of information for my investigation However it is important to check the accuracy of the data in this document as the figures can sometimes be based on estimates Secondly meteorological data also proved very important when predicting renewable energy production Meteorological data can usually be obtained from a national meteorological association However another option is to use a program called Meteonorm 17 This program has gathered data from a number of meteorological stations around the world which can be accessed using a very intuitive user interface However the program is not free so you will need to decide how important meteorological data will be before purchasing it Even if you use this program it could also be useful to compare t
54. ble Energy Resource Assessment Workstream 1 Electricity Supply Board ESB International 2008 Available from http www dcenr gov ie Energy North South Co operation in the Energy Sector All Ilsland Electricity Grid Study htm 29 Whittaker T Fraenkel PL Bell A Lugg L The potential for the use of marine current energy in Northern Ireland 2003 Available from http www detini gov uk cgi bin moreutil utilid 41 amp site 99 amp util 2 30 Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Variability of UK Marine Resources Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford 2005 Available from http www carbontrust co uk NR rdonlyres EC293061 611D 4BC8 A75C 9F84138184D3 0 variability uk marine energy resources pdf 31 MathWorks MATLAB The Language Of Technical Computing Available from www mathworks com products matlab accessed 4 November 2010 32 Marine Institute Marine Institute Available from http www marine ie Home accessed 10th January 2009 33 NDBC National Data Buoy Center Stations Available from http www ndbc noaa gov to station shtml accessed 17th February 2009 34 SEMO The Single Electricity Market Operator Available from http www sem o com accessed 18th January 2010 35 Task Committee on Pumped Storage of the Committee on Hydropower of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Technology International Experience American S
55. came apparent that the future of wave power is very unclear Unlike wind power where the three bladed turbine has become the primary technology there will be no standard design for future wave generators This is due to the fact that wave power depends on two parameters wave height and wave period Different wave generators will be used depending on the specific Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 wave height and period characteristics at a site and hence it is unlikely that any single wave generator will be the most efficient at all sites The most convincing way to predict the wave power contribution for an energy system in the future is to use the output from a wave generator device that is publicly providing a power matrix such as the Pelamis in Figure 13 the Wave Dragon in Figure 14 and the Archimedes in Figure 15 These power matrices are available to the public and hence can be used in conjunction with wave height and wave period data to predict future wave power Power period Tpow 5 50 55 60 65 7 0 75 80 85 90 95 10 0 10 5 11 0 11 5 12 0 12 5 13 0 idle idle idle Pas sr se te a ras ar 42 EI HE idie idie idhe idie ile idie idie idie idte idio idie ite J idie 22 29 34 37 38 38 37 35 32 29 26 By noir nr Significant wave height Hsia m EG EA ET EG SETET a b Fig
56. ce The balance between the heat produced i e from Industrial CHP Waste Geothermal CHP HP Boilers Electric Boilers and Electrolysers and the heat demand i e Demand input under Group 3 in the Input gt DistrictHeating tab flexible eldemand Sum of Flexible demand 1 day Flexible demand 1 week and Flexible demand 4 weeks inputs under the Input gt ElectricityDemand tab PLUS the electricity demand for Electricity Dump Charge under the Input gt Transport tab hp elec The electricity required to power the heat pumps in Group 2 and Group 3 under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty 45 ENDE au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Abbreviation Input Sum of Electricity production in the first DH Gr 1 DH Gr 2 and DH Gr 3 rows cshp elec in the Waste section only under the Input gt Waste tab PLUS sum of Electricity prod for DH Gr 1 DH Gr 2 and DH Gr 3 under the Input gt Industry tab The electricity produced by the CHP units in Group 2 and Group 3 under the chp elec oe Input gt DistrictHeating tab alee The electricity produced by the Condensing power plant units in Group 3 under PP the Input gt DistrictHeating tab ee The electricity produced by the PP2 power plant units in Group 3 under the Input gt Distri
57. ciency for the boiler units available to produce this heat are defined in the Boiler amp Therm inputs respectively which are also under the Group 2 section EH heat Heat produced from the electric boiler in group 2 of district heating This occurs if CEEP regulation number 4 is used under the Regulation tab ELT2 heat Heat produced from the Electrolyser in Group 2 under the Input gt ElecStorage tab storage CHP gr2 Energy available in Heat storage gr 2 for CHP under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab heat2 balance The balance between the heat produced i e from Industrial CHP Waste Geothermal CHP HP Boilers Electric Boilers and Electrolysers and the heat demand i e Demand input under Group 2 in the Input gt DistrictHeating tab cshp3 heat DH prod for the DH Gr 3 row under the Input gt Industry tab waste3 heat DH production in the first DH Gr 3 row under the Input gt Waste tab Geoth3 heat This is the DH production produced by the Geothermal operated by absorption hear pump on steam from waste CHP plants for the DH Gr 3 under the Input gt Waste tab Geoth3 steam This is the Steam for Heat Pump produced by the Geothermal operated by absorption hear pump on steam from waste CHP plants for the DH Gr 3 under the Input gt Waste tab Geoth3 storage This is the Steam Storage produced by
58. ctHeating tab geother Elec The electricity produced by Geothermal Power and Nuclear Power under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab pump elec The electricity demand required to power the Pump Compressor in the Electricity Storage section under the Input gt ElecStorage tab turbine elec The electricity produced by the Turbine in the Electricity Storage section under the Input gt ElecStorage tab pump storage 7 The energy contained in the Storage Capacity which is in the Electricity Storage section under the Input gt ElecStorage tab The total energy put into the storage is equal to the pump elec multiplied by the Pump Compressor efficiency and the total energy removed is equal to the turbine elec divided by the Turbine efficiency ELT2 elec The electricity consumed by the Electrolyser in Group 2 under the Input gt ElecStorage tab H2stor elt 2 Energy stored in the form of fuel in the Hydrogen Storage of Group 2 under the Input gt ElecStorage tab ELT3 elec The electricity consumed by the Electrolyser in Group 3 under the Input gt ElecStorage tab H2stor elt 3 Energy stored in the form of fuel in the Hydrogen Storage of Group 3 under the Input gt ElecStorage tab V2G Demand This is the electricity required by the smart V2G electric vehicles for transport purpo
59. d in detail in the EnergyPLAN user manual 1 The investment and operation costs for condensing power plants were obtained from 50 and are displayed in Table 3 6 Table 3 6 Investment fixed O amp M and variable O amp M costs for Irish condensing power plants 50 Investment Fixed Variable Costs O amp M Costs O amp M Costs MW year MWh 2007 Irish Capacity Fuel Type ME MW Steam turbine coal fired advanced 1 100 16000 1 800 852 5 MW Coal steam process 2004 806 MW Oil Steam turbine coal fired advanced 1 200 22000 3 000 345 6 MW Peat steam process 20 co firing of biomass 2004 Gas turbine single cycle 40 125 0 485 7350 2 500 719 MW Gas MW 2004 Gas turbine combined cycle 100 0 525 14000 1 500 2806 MW Gas 400 MW 2004 Gas turbine combined cycle 10 0 700 10000 2 750 208 MW Gas 100 MW 2004 The onshore wind and offshore wind costs were obtained from 52 investment costs for onshore wind are 1 2 M MW and offshore wind is 1 6 M MW while the fixed O amp M costs are 6 MWh for onshore wind and 30 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 8 70 MWh for offshore wind The investment costs for hydro power in Ireland were obtained from the British Hydropower Association 53 the investment cost for hydro stations below 100 MW is 1 765 ME MW the fixed O amp M costs are approximately
60. ders the three primary sectors of any national energy system which includes that electricity heat and transport sectors As fluctuating renewable energy such as wind power becomes more prominent within energy systems flexibility will become a vital consideration One of the most accessible methods of creating flexibility is the integration of the electricity heat and transport sectors using technologies such as combined heat and power CHP plants heat pumps electric vehicles and hydrogen Therefore for certain objectives this can be an essential issue for a study EnergyPLAN was previously used to simulate a 100 renewable energy system for Denmark 4 8 5 The results developed using EnergyPLAN are constantly being published within academic journals A number of energy tool developers publish their results in private reports for those who fund their investigations However in order to obtain my PhD qualification needed to publish my work in academic journals Therefore it was fortunate and important that EnergyPLAN was being used for this purpose 6 The quality of journal papers being produced using EnergyPLAN was a key attraction Below are a few examples of the titles recorded before contacting Prof Henrik Lund about EnergyPLAN a Energy system analysis of 100 renewable energy systems The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050 7 b The effectiveness of storage and relocation options in renewable energy systems 9 c Large
61. dy 28 created a power output curve for tidal devices as seen in Figure 11 Using these two inputs it was possible to simulate tidal energy in EnergyPLAN It is worth noting that these figures were based on first generation tidal devices so the area investigated came under the following restrictions Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data ua ETNE ae FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Water depth between 20m and 40m Sites outside major shipping lanes Sites outside military zones and restricted areas Sites which do not interfere with existing pipelines and cables 12 nautical mile limit offshore Peak tidal velocity greater than 1 5 m s a eS Second generation tidal devices are expected to be developed that can be placed in areas without some of these restrictions see Figure 12 However these devices are not expected until 2015 28 140 120 co MA W lm mma N a A me hala MA N bg Dak DAV oO AO SV AO Al Q pe O D gt O A Hour in January Figure 11 Tidal power output expected in Ireland for the month of January from a 122 MW Tidal Farm 28 1st Generation Technology 2nd Generation Technology Piled Jacket Floating Figure 12 First and Second generation tidal technology 29 Wave Power consulted with Jens Peter Kofoed from Aalborg University in order to generate the expected wave power data for my model During our discussion it be
62. eaveceuassuteniabsiuanysucatecacieiseens 55 7 1 Ireland s Energy Balance 2007 sive ccsewsveascnscissnsnnueessnrsceyeesestebosseademesssaveceonservaceasevesscsavectanees 55 8 ep 56 2 Table of Contents Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 1 Introduction This is a brief description of my experience when I learned how to use the energy tool EnergyPLAN 1 It is a short description of why I chose EnergyPLAN for my particular study followed by a brief account of the sources used to gather the data for the model When I was carrying out my work using EnergyPLAN I did not know where to begin looking for a lot of the data needed As a result the primary aim of this document is to share with others where and how I found the required data for my model I hope that this brief overview of my experience will enable the reader to use EnergyPLAN quicker and more effectively Finally I welcome any contributions that could be made to improve the content of this document such as new sources of data or suggestions for new content Nomenclature Symbols CFw Average capacity factor for an offshore wind farm E annual Annual output from a wind farm Eout Total electricity produced from a generating facility Ein Total electricity consumed by a PHES GridStab Percentage of electricity production from grid stabilising units Fin Total fuel input Wh MGSPS Minimum Grid Stabilisatio
63. ent gt External Electricity Market tabsheet Electricity Storage Capacities Efficiencies Fuel Ratio Storage Capacity Pump Compressor 0 0 8 0 Gwh Turbine 0 0 9 0 Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump No Fuel ratio fuel input electric output for CAES technologies or similar Advanced CAES Only pumped hydroelectric energy storage PHES is in use in Ireland so I did not have to gather any data on electrolysers or compressed air energy storage CAES For the PHES parameters I simply contacted the plant control rooms and they provided information of pump turbine and storage capacities However plant efficiencies could not be revealed as it was commercially sensitive Therefore from the Energy Balance calculated the overall PHES efficiency using E Wry 3 EIN where Eout was the total electricity produced from Turlough Hill in 2007 0 349 TWh and Ein is the total electricity consumed by Turlough Hill in 2007 0 546 TWh The resulting round trip efficiency ntH was 63 9 Therefore inserted the a pump efficiency of 79 9 and a turbine efficiency of 79 9 so that the round trip efficiency was 0 799 0 799 0 639 Note that the same efficiency was used for the pump and turbine as this is typically the situation within a PHES facility 35 3 5 Economic Data Required EnergyPLAN simulates the costs of an energy system in four primary categories 1 Investment costs capital
64. ergy Plan 2030 Solar Distribution PlanEnergi 2006 Available from http www planenergi dk 43 Central Statistics Office Ireland Census 2006 Housing Central Statistics Office Ireland 2007 Available from http www cso ie census 44 Howley M Gallach ir B Dennehy E Energy in Ireland 1990 2007 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2008 Available from http www seai ie Publications Statistics Publications Archived Reports Aalborg University References 57 ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 Munster M Energy System Analysis of Waste to Energy technologies PhD Thesis Department of Development and Planning Aalborg Unviersity Aalborg Denmark 2009 Available from http vbn aau dk files 19177001 MM PhD Thesis to VBN 100112 1 pdf International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2008 International Energy Agency 2008 Available from http www worldenergyoutlook org 2008 asp Danish Energy Agency Foruds tninger for samfunds konomiske analyser pa energiomradet Prerequisites for socio economic analysis of energy Danish Energy Agency 2009 Available from http www ens dk sw80140 asp Hamelinck C van den Broek R Rice B Gilbert A Ragwitz M Toro F Liquid Biofuels Strategy Study for lreland Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2004 Available from http www seai ie uploadedf
65. erick David Connolly Available from http dconnolly net accessed 27 October 2010 4 Mathiesen BV Lund H Karlsson K The IDA Climate Plan 2050 The Danish Society of Engineers and Aalborg University 2009 Available from http ida dk News Dagsordener Klima Klimaplan2050 Sider Klimaplan2050 aspx 5 Mathiesen BV Lund H Karlsson K 100 Renewable Energy Systems Climate Mitigation and Economic Growth Applied Energy 2009 Article in Review 6 Lund H Mathiesen BV Ingeni rforeningens Energiplan 2030 Tekniske energisystemanalyser samfunds konomisk konsekvensvurdering og kvantificering af erhvervspotentialer Baggrundsrapport Danish Society of Engineers Energy Plan 2030 2006 Available from http ida dk omida laesesalen Documents analyse og rapporter energiplan baggrundsrapportsam let pdf 7 Lund H Mathiesen BV Energy system analysis of 100 renewable energy systems The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050 Energy 2009 34 5 524 531 8 The Danish Society of Engineers The Danish Society of Engineers Energy Plan 2030 The Danish Society of Engineers 2006 Available from http ida dk sites climate introduction Documents Energyplan2030 pdf 9 Blarke MB Lund H The effectiveness of storage and relocation options in renewable energy systems Renewable Energy 2008 33 7 1499 1507 10 Lund H Large scale integration of optimal combinations of PV wind and wave power into the electricity supply Renewable
66. ermal that contributes to district heating and solar thermal for individual households At present only individual solar thermal energy is used in Ireland and hence it is discussed here under the individual s heating demands The inputs required for the EnergyPLAN model are the 1 The total annual solar thermal production 2 Hourly distribution of the solar thermal production over the year 3 Solar thermal share ae Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 The total solar production in Ireland for 2007 was got from the 2007 Energy Balance 16 For the distribution an attempt was made to obtain the hourly power output from a solar panel for an existing installation in Ireland but this could not be obtained As discussed previously the solar radiation available in Ireland and Denmark is very similar see Table 3 3 and hence a solar thermal output curve which was constructed for Denmark was used This solar thermal distribution was created by a Danish energy consultancy firm PlanEnergi 42 for the 2030 Danish Energy Plan 7 8 The distribution gives the production from an individual solar thermal installation of 4 4 m during a typical Danish year The energy produced from the solar panel is based on a daily consumption demand of 150 litres which needs to be heated from 10 C to 55 C in combination with a 200 litre storage tank The 4 4 m represents a sol
67. ersion 0 00 Twh pear Transfered from Biomass Conversion TabSheet 4 Cos Simulation Elec for Transportation 0 00 TWh year Transfered from Transport TabSheet t Output Sum excluding electric heating and cooling 20 00 Twh year Electric heating individual 0 00 Twh pear Electricity for heat pumps individual 0 00 Twh pear Electric cooling 0 00 Twh pear Flexible demand 1 day O Twh year Maxeffect 1000 Mw Flexible demand 1 week Oo Twh pear Max effect 1000 Mw 0 Flexible demand 4 weeks Twh year Max effect 1000 Mw Fixed Import Export 0 TWh year Change distribution Hour_Tysklandsexport txt Total electricity demand 20 00 TWh pear Total electricity demand was obtained from the Irish transmission system operator TSO EirGrid 13 and the Energy Balance document Imported and Exported electricity was also obtained from the TSO in Ireland Twenty four European countries are involved in the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity ENTSO E which provides a lot of detailed data about the production and consumption of electricity A list of the countries in the ENTSO E is available from 18 and the data can be obtained from 19 The data includes the following e Statistics e Production Data e Consumption Data e Exchange Data e Miscellaneous Data e Country Data Packages Therefore this is a useful source of information if you are modelling a European region Aalborg Uni
68. ge multiplied by the Efficiency grid to battery and the total energy removed is equal to the V2G Discha divided by the Efficiency battery to grid transH2 electr The electricity consumed by the electrolyser which creates hydrogen for the transport sector The value depends on the capacity and efficiency defined for Transport under the Input gt ElecStorage tab as well as the H2 Produced by Electrolysers under the Input gt Transport tab ra Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 transH2 storage This is the Hydrogen Storage capacity for Transport contained in the Input gt ElecStorage tab The Estimated Electricity Production from the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP HH elec CHP i aie and the Biomass micro CHP under the Input gt Individual tab The Estimated Electricity Production from the Heat Pump under the Input HH elec HP gt Individual tab This will increase as the Capacity Limit is reduced as an electric boiler will supply the shortfall in heat supply at peak times The Estimated Electricity Production from the Electric heating under the Input HH elec EB fe gt Individual tab SE tinn h HH H2 Electr The electricity consumed by the Micro CHP electrolyser under the Input gt ElecStorage tab HH H2 storage The
69. gr 3 0 5 Percent Dependency factor 0 02 DKK MWh pr MW ye g sar Photo Voltaic i Electricity prod from CSHP Waste TWhiyear Average Market Price 541 DKK MWh Transport 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Wave Power Gr 1 0 00 0 00 Gas Storage 6000 GWh Household 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 13 Hydro Power Gr 2 0 00 0 39 Syngas capacity 3522 sn Industry pe ee Geothermal Nuclear psi 0 89 072 Biogas max to grid 895 Various WARNING 1 Critical Excess Geo Waste Boiler i i RES dro thermal CSHP CHP MW MW MW o000 00000o00000000 o00 00o00o00o0o00o0000 o0o00 0o0ooooo0oo0ooo0 TWh year 39 41 4 22 11 38 1 71 6 41 13 62 0 00 1 72 0 40 0 07 FUEL BALANCE TWhiyear CAES BioCon Synthetic Industry Imp Exp Corrected CO2 emission Mt DHP CHP2 CHP3 Boiler2 Boiler3 PP Geo Nu Hydro Waste Elc ly version Fuel Wind Offsh Th i Various Total Total Netto P a a 5 a 3 0 00 0 00 0 00 gt i 0 00 0 00 0 00 8 44 10 61 22 85 0 i i 0 00 y 0 00 0 60 i 077 1 05 4 16 38 87 i 66 60 0 00 0 00 i 5 g 6 3 45 1263 41 75 71 47 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 24 77 10 85 35 0 00 0 00 0 00 4 3 i 0 00 0 00 0 00 Nuclear CCS i 3 3 z 0 00 0 00 0 00 Total 1 81 8 44 10 61 0 77 1 05 3 82 7 61 2477 5 17 12 63 41 75 6 46 0 79 6 39 32 15 19 03 138 07 i 0 00 0 60 26 januar 2015 13 01 Figure 26 Sample of the WARNING for excess electricity production on the results printout of
70. grid when intermittent renewable energy such as wind power is added to it a description of the grid issues that occur when wind power is added is available in 58 The regulation constraints in EnergyPLAN include the Minimum grid stabilisation production share MGSPS which specifies the percentage of production that must be from grid stabilising units i e power plants hydro etc It is important to remember that this is a percentage of total production and not total demand which is outlined in detail in section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual 1 Electric grid stabilisation requirements Minin grid stabilization production share 03 Stabilisation share of CHP2 0 Stabilization share of waste LHP 0 Stabilisation share smart charge EY and V2G 0 Share of charge connection Stabilization share transmission line 0 Share of max capacity Minimum CHP in ar 3 300 My Minimum PP D MW Figure 22 Grid stabilisation criteria in the EnergyPLAN model To measure if the system provided the MGSPS during each hour of the simulation EnergyPLAN calculates the stab load as shown in Figure 23 This illustrates the percentage of the MGSPS that was satisfied during each hour This section illustrates how the stab load is calculated pa Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 f EnergyPLAN 7 22 Turbine Capacity Limited by PP fem File Edit Help C
71. he Input gt Individual tab HH heat Balance This is the balace between supply and demand for the H2 micro CHP Ngas micro CHP Biomass micro CHP Heat Pump Electric Heating Heat Storage and Solar Thermal under the Input gt Individual tab Note at least one full row needs to be complete for the heat balance to be activated This needs to be 100 to ensure that the Minimum grid stabilisation production stab load share under the Regulation tab is met It is explained in detail in the User s Guide to EnergyPLAN This is the amount of electricity that needed to be imported due to a shortage in import supply or to ensure grid constraints were met Note that this can exceed the Maximum imp exp Cap defined under the Regulation tab This is the amount of electricity that needed to be exported due to an oversupply or export to ensure grid constraints were met Note that this can exceed the Maximum imp exp Cap defined under the Regulation tab This is the amount of electricity that was exported which did exceed the Maximum CEEP 5 imp exp Cap defined under the Regulation tab EEEP This is the amount of electricity that was exported without exceeding the Maximum imp exp Cap defined under the Regulation tab Nordpool prices This is the Price Distribution in the External Electricity Market Definition section under the Regulation
72. he data in the software to actual measurements from a weather station to ensure that the program is providing accurate data There is also some free meteorological data available from this website www wunderground com 3 Data from meteorological stations may or may not be free so it is worth enquiring about this also 8 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 3 2 1 Electricity EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata a P se EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata 4 o x f Home Add On Tools Help tG R 6 8 O85 dee P Save Home New Import Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General i Run Bi View Warnings ppear Here f Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel ag Overview z LEE Electricity Heating Cooling Industry and Fuel Transport Water 3 Demand Electricity Demand and Fixed Import Export Cooling Electricity demand 20 Twh year Change distribution Hour_electricity txt Industry and Fuel Transport Electric heating IF included i 0 Twh year Subtract electric heating using distribution from individual window Water SEE H Supply Electric cooling IF included ay 0 Twh pear Subtract electric cooling using distribution from cooling window ee and Storage Elec for Biomass Conv
73. hotovoltaic As I could not obtain PV output from Ireland used the results obtained from a Danish project called Sol300 as the solar radiation in Denmark is very similar to the solar radiation in Ireland which is displayed in Figure 10 To ensure the Danish solar resource was similar to the Irish solar resource global solar radiation data was compared between Denmark and Ireland as seen in Table 3 3 It clearly verifies the similarity and therefore it was considered reasonable to assume that the solar thermal output would be very similar for both Denmark and Ireland This 501300 project involved the installation of grid connected PV panels on 300 homes in Denmark and the corresponding output was recorded This output is discussed in 10 and is available in the Distributions folder that comes with the EnergyPLAN model The name of the distribution is hour PV eltra2001 and hour PV eltra2002 for the years 2001 and 2002 respectively Work is currently underway to find a relationship between PV output and global solar radiation as global solar radiation is the most common form of measuring solar radiation at meteorological stations This section will be updated when this work is completed 20 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 AK EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL San Joint Research Centre a European Communities 2006 http re jrc ec eu
74. iles InfoCentre LiquidbiofuelFull pdf Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland A Study on Renewable Energy in the New Irish Electricity Market Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2004 Available from http www seai ie Publications Renewables Publications Danish Energy Agency Energinet dk Technology Data for Energy Plants Danish Energy Agency Energinet dk 2010 Available from http ens dk da DK Info TalOgKort Fremskrivninger Fremskrivninger Documents Teknologikatalog 20Juni 202010 pdf Gonzalez A Gallach ir B McKeogh E Lynch K Study of Electricity Storage Technologies and Their Potential to Address Wind Energy Intermittency in Ireland Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2004 Available from http www seai ie Grants Renewable Energy RD D Projects funded to date Wind Study of Elec Storage Technologies their Potential to Address Wind Energy Intermittency in Irl Danish Energy Agency Basisfremskrivning af Danmarks energiforbrug frem til 2025 Forecast of the Danish Energy Supply until 2025 Danish Energy Agency 2008 Available from http www ens dk Salmond N 2008 Personal communication at the British Hydropower Association Personal Communication Received 23rd December http www british hydro org Lund H M ller B Mathiesen BV Dyrelund A The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems Energy 2010 35 3 1381 1390 Central Statistics Office Ireland Household Budget Survey 2004
75. io economic and business economic studies as well as a market simulation for the energy system 3 5 1 1 Interest Rate Typically an interest rate of 3 is assumed when preforming an analysis in EnergyPLAN along with a sensitivity analysis using 6 3 5 1 2 CO2 Price There is no carbon tax in Ireland at the moment However Ireland participates in the European carbon trading scheme and therefore there is a cost associated with carbon even though it is not an internal government tax For information on carbon costs visit http www pointcarbon com Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data 20 ETNE ae FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 5 2 Investment Tab gy ENCTGyrLAN ILZU Dtlartdata hs fl amp Warnings Appear Here Add On Tools Help ix Of P Save B Home Settings Notes Web from excel B Save As General H o Be Run Run Run Run Clipboard Screen Print Serial Run ood EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata mal F Show Hints Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel General Investment and Fixed OM Fuel Variable OM External Electricity Market Heat and Electricity Renewable Energy Liquid and Gas Fuels Heat Infrastructure Road Vehicles Other Vehicles Transport Infrastructure Other Infrastructure Water Additional Overview EE 7 Demand amp Supply Balancing and Stor
76. l technical solution Therefore after completing steps 1 and 2 above 3 Carry out a business economic market simulation to identify how the existing system prevents the introduction of the optimal technical solution 4 Make changes to the existing tax system to outline how the existing market could be adjusted to promote the optimal technical solution Sometimes socio economic costs can include the following aspects also 1 Job Creation 2 Balance of Payment 3 Public Finances 7 The electric grid needs to be maintained at a certain frequency and voltage Power plants usually provide ancillary services that ensure this frequency and voltage are maintained If the frequency or voltage is not maintained the electric grid will stop working 8 Marginal Cost Is the cost at which there is enough supply to meet demand http en wikipedia org wiki Balance of payments Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty EE ENDEL re FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 4 Environmental Costs However these calculations are not made by the EnergyPLAN model Instead these benefits must be calculated externally by the user based on the investments made in the different energy system sectors These calculations are discussed further in 56 4 4 Comparing Energy Systems It is very important to know how EnergyPLAN identifies that one energy system is better than an alternative energy system There five primary variables that are recorded
77. lose Window Calculation Time 00 00 01 CEEP stab load 2G transH2 transH2 HH elec HH elec HH elec HH H2 HH H2 HH H2 torage electr storage CHP HP EB Electr storage price import export o o o Oo o o o 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 137 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 176 176 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1506 1506 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 23 Stab Load results displayed in EnergyPLAN In section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual it states that the percentage of electricity production from grid stabilising units GridStab is found from GridStab 52 100 4 dStab Where estab is the total electricity production from grid stabilising units and dstab is the minimum g
78. n Production Share Pw Installed wind capacity FAN Minimum grid stabilisation production share in EnergyPLAN Estab Total electricity production from grid stabilising units stab Percentage of grid stabilisation criteria which have load been met during each hour NCOND Efficiency of all the condensing plant NTH Round trip efficiency of a PHES Abbreviations BEV CDD CEEP CHP CSO DH EEEP ENTSO E Battery Electric Vehicle Cooling degree days Critical excess electricity production Combined Heat and Power Central Statistics Office Ireland District heating Exportable Excess Electricity Production European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity GJ GE HDD IEA kW kWh kg ME M2 M4 MW OECD PES PHES PP SEAI TSO TWh VAT Wh bbl Gigajoule The General Electric Company Heat degree days International Energy Agency Kilowatt Kilowatt hour Kilogram Million Euro Data buoy number 2 around the Irish coast Data buoy number 4 around the Irish coast Megawatt Organisation for Economic Co Operation and Development Primary Energy Supply Pumped hydroelectric energy storage Power Plant Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Transmission System Operator Terawatt hour Value added tax Watt hour Barrel metre second Aalborg University Introduction 3 ENDEL aure FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 2 Why EnergyPLAN It is difficult to choose a suitable e
79. n at the start of section 3 Therefore will only recap on the stabilisation share and the correction factor here So just to repeat from the EnergyPLAN user manual 1 the stabilisation share is the percentage between O and 1 of the installed Capacity of the renewable resource that can contribute to grid stability i e provide ancillary services such as Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 voltage and frequency regulation on the electric grid At present renewable energy technologies with the exception of hydro plants with storage cannot help regulate the grid Therefore the stabilisation share will be set to 0 unless this changes in the future Also from the EnergyPLAN user manual 1 the correction factor adjusts the hourly distribution inputted for the renewable resource It does not change the power output at full load hours or hours of zero output However it does increase the output at all other times This can be used for a number of different reasons For example future wind turbines may have higher capacity factors and thus the same installed wind capacity will produce more power Onshore Wind obtained the installed wind capacity and the hourly wind output for 2007 from the Irish TSO The stabilisation factor was inputted as 0 because wind power does not contribute to grid stabilisation Also the correction factor was inputted as
80. n factors for coal and oil were calculated based on fuel consumptions from the Irish Energy Balance 16 and CO2 emission factors recommended by SEAI 44 for the various fuels they represent In conclusion the CO2 emission factor used for coal peat was 100 63 kg GJ see Table 3 4 for oil was 73 19 kg GJ see Table 3 5 and for natural gas was 57 1 kg GJ 44 Table 3 4 CO emission factors for coal and peat Consumption Consumption CO2 Emission Factor TWh 16 of Total kg GJ 44 Coal 17 425 65 09 94 60 Milled Peat 6 186 23 11 116 70 Sod Peat 2 167 8 09 104 00 Briquetted Peat 0 992 3 71 98 90 Total 26 770 100 00 100 63 26 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 Table 3 5 CO emission factor for oil Consumption Consumption CO2 Emission Factor TWh 16 of Total kg GJ 44 Gasoil 45 230 43 35 73 3 Gasoline 17 425 21 40 70 0 Jet Kerosene 12 134 11 63 71 4 Kerosene 10 620 10 18 71 4 Fuel Oil Residual Oil 8 528 8 17 76 0 Coke 3 637 3 49 100 8 LPG 1 856 1 78 63 7 Naphtha 0 012 0 01 73 3 Total 104 342 100 00 73 2 Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data azo ENDEL aure FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 4 Balancing and Storage 3 4 1 Electricity Storage f EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata XO a z EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home Add On Tools Help o l r H a F Show Hints fl B
81. nd power stations To dec CHP DH and Industry To Individual house holds Biomass E g straw and wood incl pellets Dry Biomass Green energy crops for Biomass conversion arr Wet Biomass E g manure etc for biogas production To transportation air Taxes DKK GJ Individual households 0 Industry Boilers at CHP and DH plants CHP units Compressed Air Energy Storage CAES Taxes on electricity for energy conversion DKK M Wh Electric heating DH systems Individual houses Heat Pumps Electrolysers Electric cars Pump storage Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January26 2015 26 2015 3 5 3 1 Fuel and CO2 Costs The purchasing costs for each fuel were obtained for the year 2007 2010 2015 and 2020 which were recommended by the International Energy Agency 46 and the Danish Energy Authority 47 and are displayed in Table 3 8 Also if required the current market price for different fuels can be obtained from the links below e Crude Oil http www oil price net e Coal http www eia doe gov cneaf coal page coalnews coalmar html e Natural Gas htt www bloomberg com markets commodities ener rices html Table 3 8 Fuel prices used for 2007 2010 2015 and 2020 46 47 G Crude Oil Crude Oil Fuel Gas Oil Petrol JP Coal Natural Biomass bbl Oil Diesel Gas 2007 69 33 9 43 6 66 11 79 12 48 1 94 5 07 6 30 2010 2015 100 1
82. nergy tool at the beginning of a study due to the wide range of different energy tools available which are diverse in terms of the regions they analyse the technologies they consider and the objectives they fulfil In addition it can be very difficult to define what exactly the primary focus of any research will become Therefore the first step which would advise is defining an overall objective for any modelling work which you intend to do For example the underlying objective in my work was To identify how Ireland could integrate the most renewable energy into its energy system After establishing a core objective it is then possible to rate various different energy tools against one another based on their capabilities of fulfilling this objective To aid this comparison an overview of all the energy tools considered as well as many others can be found in 2 3 Hence these will not be discussed in detail here but instead the only reasons chose EnergyPLAN are outlined below 1 EnergyPLAN is a user friendly tool designed in a series of tab sheets and hence the training period required usually varies from a few days up to a month depending on the level of complexity required Also in relation to this point there is online training available from the EnergyPLAN website so it is relatively straight forward to experience a typical application of the software 1 The EnergyPLAN software is free to download 1 EnergyPLAN consi
83. ociety of Civil Engineers 1996 Available from http cedb asce org cgi WWWdisplay cgi 9601277 36 Met Eireann Degree Days Available from http www met ie climate degree day asp accessed 18th January 2012 37 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Degree days theory and application The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers 2006 Available from http www cibse org 38 Department for Business Enterprise amp Regulatory Reform United Kingdom Energy Trends September 2008 Department for Business Enterprise amp Regulatory Reform United Kingdom 2008 Available from http www berr gov uk whatwedo energy statistics publications trends index html 39 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Dwellings Energy Assessment Procedure Version 3 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2008 Available from http www seai ie Your Building BER BER Assessors Technical DEAP 40 O Leary F Howley M Gallach ir B Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Energy in the Residential Sector Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland 2008 Available from 41 ee of Communications Marine and Natural Resources Ireland ere Action Plan for Ireland Department of Communications Marine and Natural Resources Ireland 2006 Available from http www dcenr gov ie NR rdonlyres 6D4AFO7E 874D 4DB5 A2C5 63E10F9753EB 27345 BioenergyActionPlan pdf 42 PlanEnergi The Danish Society of Engineers En
84. of production demand as shown in Figure 1 However if a distribution is entered with values greater than 1 EnergyPLAN will automatically index the distribution This is done by dividing each entry in the distribution by the maximum value in the distribution This means that historical hourly data can be directly used in EnergyPLAN for a distribution An example displaying how an index is created and also how an index is used is shown in Table 3 1 One exception is the price distribution under the Regulation tab which does not normalise the inputs c The distribution is inputted as a text file and stored in the Distributions folder 1 This does not apply to the price distributions For the price distribution the actual values provided in the distribution are used Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data BT ETNE ae FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN The distribution is simply adjusted to reflect the total annual production demand For example in Figure 2 the distributions for three separate demands are shown which show how the distribution in Figure 1 is manipulated to model the total demand Table 3 1 How a distribution is indexed and subsequently used in EnergyPLAN Note 8784 hours in total are required Time Output from a 100 MW Index Data Using Indexed Data to Simulate a 400 MW h Wind Farm MW Fraction Decimal Wind Farm 1 20 20 100 0 2 0 2 400 80 2 30 30 100 0 3 0 3 400 120 3 60
85. of the power plants As mentioned the total fuel consumption for each type of power plant can be obtained from the energy balance Using the energy balance document could calculate the efficiency of all the condensing plant nconp using the total fuel input Fin Wh and total electricity generated Eout Wh EQUT NconD 7 Pm 1 IN It was difficult to obtain the efficiencies of the individual condensing plant as it was commercially sensitive information However obtained a breakdown of fuel inputted into the Irish condensing plants see Figure 8 once again from the Irish energy agency SEAI and used this to calculate the efficiencies for the condensing Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data C ETNE ae FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN plant of different fuel type using formula 1 For the reference model you will not need to know this instead all you need to find out is the total fuel consumed by all the power plants and the total electricity generated by all the power plants then you can calculate the condensing efficiency However the efficiency of the power plants under each fuel type will be necessary when simulating future alternatives for example if you wanted to simulate coal power plants being replaced by natural gas power plants as illustrated in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 How individual power plant efficiencies alter the overall Condensing power plant efficiency Coal PP NELTEIISER Coal PP NET
86. ond service will only be necessary if the plant actually operates For the condensing plant found the variable operation and maintenance costs for each type of power plants from 50 and calculated an overall variable O amp M cost of 1 84 MWh as displayed in Table 3 6 For the PHES facilities obtained the variable operation and maintenance costs from 51 and to date have not found the variable operation and maintenance cost for the individual units aes Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 4 Areas of Difficulty Although a large degree of EnergyPLAN is intuitive there were some areas which I found difficult to understand at first Therefore a few aspects of the model are discussed in more detail here 4 1 Thermal Energy System As there are very little CHP plants or no significant district heating networks in Ireland heat is usually generated at the point of demand so I did not fully understand how a thermal energy system worked As EnergyPLAN can model this type of energy system a brief outline is provided To illustrate the flexibility induced by thermal energy storage on such a system a snapshot of the power production during different scenarios is presented below The system in question contains a CHP plant wind turbines a thermal storage a hot water demand and an electrical demand as illustrated in Figure 19 During times of low wind powe
87. othermal operated by absorption hear pump on steam from waste CHP plants for the DH Gr 2 under the Input gt Waste tab Geoth2 steam This is the Steam for Heat Pump produced by the Geothermal operated by absorption hear pump on steam from waste CHP plants for the DH Gr 2 under the Input gt Waste tab Geoth2 storage This is the Steam Storage produced by the Geothermal operated by absorption hear pump on steam from waste CHP plants for the DH Gr 2 under the Input gt Waste tab chp2 heat The amount of heat produced from the CHP units in Group 2 of the Input gt DistrictHeating tab The capacity and thermal efficiency of CHP units available to produce this heat are defined in the CHP amp Therm inputs respectively which are also under the Group 2 section pad Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 The amount of heat produced from the Heat Pump units in Group 2 of the Input gt DistrictHeating tab The capacity and coefficient of performance for the heat pump OPS Hear units available to produce this heat are defined in the Heat Pump amp COP inputs respectively which are also under the Group 2 section The amount of heat produced from the boiler units in Group 2 of the Input aan gt DistrictHeating tab The capacity and effi
88. pply ind non energy Primary Energ Transformation Input Public Thermal Power Plants Combined Heat and Power Plants Pumped Storage Consumption Briquetting Plants Oil Refineries amp other energy sector Transformation Output Public Thermal Power Plants Combined Heat and Power Plants Electricity Combined Heat and Power Plants Heat Pumped Storage Generation Briquetting Plants Oil Refineries Exchanges and transfers Electrici Heat Other Own Use and Distribution Losses Available Final Energy Consumption Non Energy Consumption Final non Energy Consumption Feedstocks Total Final Energy Consumption Non Energy Mining Food beverages and tobacco Textiles and textile products Wood and wood products Pulp paper publishing and printing Chemicals amp man made fibres Rubber and plastic products Other non metallic mineral products Basic metals and fabricated metal products Machinery and equipment n e c Electrical and optical equipment Transport equipment manufacture Other manufacturing Road Freight Road Private Car Public Passenger Services Rail Domestic Aviation International Aviation Fuel Tourism Unspecified Commercial Services Public Services tatistical Difference Industry sub sectoral breakdown is based on the CIP 2004 Last Updated 24 Sep 2008 Key Requirement excl non energ Anthracite Manufactured S lovoids ssisigis Bituminous Coal PEER E ha Rs FERRER o o 0
89. put gt RenewableEnergy tab Hydro pump Operation of the hydro pump The capacity is defined in Pump Capacity in the Hydro Power section under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab Hydro storage Energy in the hydro storage The capacity is defined in Storage in the Hydro Power section under the Input RenewableEnergy tab Hydro Wat Sup Incoming water to the hydro storage It is defined in Annual Water supply in the Hydro Power section under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab Hydro Wat Loss Sometimes the water flowing into the hydro plant exceeds the demand required and hence water has to go through the spillway and it is lost solar thermal Sum of all the Result TWh year at the end of all the Solar thermal inputs under Groups I Il and 3 of Input gt DistrictHeating tab cshp1 heat DH prod for the DH Gr 1 row under the Input gt Industry tab waste1 heat DH production in the first DH Gr 1 row under the Input gt Waste tab DHP heat Demand from district heating units under the input Demand of the Group 1 section in the Input gt DistrictHeating tab cshp2 heat DH prod for the DH Gr 2 row under the Input gt Industry tab waste2 heat DH production in the first DH Gr 2 row under the Input gt Waste tab Geoth2 heat This is the DH production produced by the Ge
90. r a lot of electricity must be generated by the CHP plants to accommodate for the shortfall in power production As a result a lot of heat is also being produced from the CHP plant as seen in Figure 19a The high production of heat means that production is now greater than demand and consequently heat is sent to the thermal storage Conversely at times of high wind power the CHP plants produce very little electricity and heat Therefore there is now a shortage of heat so the thermal storage is used to ensure that demand is met as seen in Figure 19b Note This system can be simulated by choosing the Technical Simulation 2 Balancing Heat and Electricity Demands under the Regulation tab in EnergyPLAN ZZ I 1 Wind Power Wind Power Electricity Electricity Demand Demand CHP Plant ING CHP Plant Demand Demand Thermal Storage Thermal Storage a b Figure 19 Energy system with district heating and thermal energy storage during a a low wind scenario and b a high wind scenario This system has been put into practice in Denmark which has the highest wind penetration in the world Also Lund and Mathiesen have created a roadmap for Denmark towards achieving a 100 renewable energy system using a thermal energy system 4 8 Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty 35 0 ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 4 2 District Heating Groups After learning about the operation of the thermal storage energy system
91. r the Results window In the results window there are a number of columns which represent various technologies within the EnergyPLAN simulation Table 4 4 Abbreviations displayed in the results window of the EnergyPLAN model Abbreviation elec demand Input Sum Demand excl elec Heating under the Input gt ElectricityDemand tab elec dem cooling Electricity Consumption under the Input gt Cooling tab Fixed Exp Imp Fixed Import Export under the Input gt ElectricityDemand tab district heating Sum of Demand under Groups I Il and 3 of Input gt DistrictHeating tab wind power Estimated Post Correction Production for the renewable energy selected on the first row of Renewable Energy Source under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab PV Estimated Post Correction Production for the renewable energy selected on the second row of Renewable Energy Source under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab Wave power Estimated Post Correction Production for the renewable energy selected on the third row of Renewable Energy Source under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab River hydro Estimated Post Correction Production for the renewable energy selected on the fourth row of Renewable Energy Source under the Input gt RenewableEnergy tab Hydro power Estimated annual production in the Hydro Power section under the In
92. r zeg A e Home New Import Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run from excel P Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warnings 4ppear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel Overview HIE Electricity Thermal Liquid and Gas Fuel Demand Supply Electric grid stabilisation requirements Balancing and Storage Critical Excess Electricity Production CEEP Minimum grid stabilisation production share 0 3 Critical Electricity Excess Production CEEP regulation Write number 0 Thermal j i EE 0 1 Reducing RES1 and RES2 i Stabilisati h f CHP2 ma and Gas Fuel end 2 Reducing CHP in ar 2 by replacing with boiler t Los Mp 0 3 Reducing CHP in gr 3 by replacing with boiler i i Stabilisati h f Waste CHP Simulation ease 4 Replacing boiler with electric heating in gr 2 with maximum capacity 100 Output Stabilisation share smart charge EY and V2G 0 Share of charge connection 5 Replacing boiler with electric heating in gr 3 with maximum capacity 100 Stabilisation share transmission line 0 Share of max capacity b Reducing ize Er F 7 Reducing power plant in combination with RES1 RES2 RES3 and RES4 Minimum CHP in gr 3 300 My oo Increasing CO2Hydrogenation See Tabsheet Sythetic Fuel if available capacity Minimum PP 0 Mw Note Electricity interconnection is defined under the Cost gt Investm
93. rgy system E Space Heating W Hot Water x c E u O pe u T Adi ikiii Figure 7 Individual heat distribution for Ireland 3 2 2 2 Fuel Consumption and Efficiency of Boilers The fuel consumed for residential heating can be obtained from the Energy Balance For the boiler efficiencies consulted the Building Energy Rating documentation provided by the Irish energy agency SEAI 39 This documentation is used by assessors to complete energy ratings for homes in Ireland Therefore the documentation gave the typical type and efficiency of different domestic boilers used in Ireland This could be available in other countries also or if not the efficiencies within this documentation could be applied to other applications 3 2 2 3 Electric Heating Electric heating demand can also be difficult to quantify as it is usually documented in conjunction with the heating demand and not as a separate entity From a report completed by the Irish energy agency SEAI it was found that 14 of all domestic electricity is used for space heating and 23 for hot water 40 In a separate report by SEAI it was found that 12 of commercial electricity was used for heating purposes 41 Therefore used these figures to calculate the electric heating demand in Ireland i e 37 of domestic electricity plus 12 of commercial electricity 3 2 2 4 Solar Distribution There are two types of solar thermal in the EnergyPLAN model solar th
94. rgyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home Add On Tools Help ed Open S Ek Show Hints a i HEG mE h EN B Save E ep bod i Home New Import Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run sevje Tal from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial ly i General j Run View Warnings ppear Here i Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel ag Overview General Investment and Fixed OMi Fuel Variable OM External Electricity Market Demand f p 3 5 Supply Variable Operation and Maintenance Cost H Balancing and Storage 7 i ee District Heating and CHP systems Marginal Costs of producing 1 MWh electrcity Investment and Fixed OM Boiler 0 DKK M w h th DistricHeating Incr CHP2 decr HP2 0 DKK Mwh Heat and Electricity CHP 0 DKK MWh e Incr CHP3 decr HP3 0 DKK MWh Renewable Energy Heat Pump 0 DKK M Wh e Incr CHP2 decr B2 0 DKK Mywh Liquid and Gas Fuels Electric heating 0 DKK MWbh e Incr CHP3 decr B3 0 DKK M Wh Heat Infrastructure Incr B2 decr HP2 0 DKK MWh Road Vehicles Power Plants Incr B3 decr HP3 0 DKK Mwh Other Vehicles Hydro Power 0 DKK MWh e Incr B2 decr EB2 0 DKK MWh Transport Infrastructure Incr B3 decr EBS 0 DKK MWh Condensing 0 DKK M Wh e Other Infrastructure incr CHP2 decr ELT2 0 DKK MWh Geothermal 0 DKK M Wh e Water incr CHP3 decr ELT 3 0 DKK Mywh ag GTL M1 0 DKK MWb fuel input 3 Additional GTL M2 DKK MWhrfuelinput iner B2 decr ELT2 0 DKK MWh
95. rid stabilisation production share that was specified in EnergyPLAN as shown in Figure 22 Using this value the stab load is then calculated from GridStab stab load 5 MGSPS To make this clear let s look at hour 1 for a double penstock system in Table 4 1 In hour 1 of Table 4 1 all of the production units are highlighted in red and all of the demand units are highlighted in green Therefore for hour 1 the total production is 397 MW with 203 MW produced by the turbine and 194 MW produced by wind power However only the PHES turbine provides grid stabilising power and as a result the GridStab value for this hour is 203 397 100 51 However the MGSPS required is 30 see Table 4 2 and Figure 22 Therefore the stab load is 51 30 170 as displayed in Table 4 1 Let s calculate the stab load for hour 3 of the double penstock system in Table 4 1 also It is clear from Table 4 1 that during this hour the total production is 572 MW with 400 MW from wind power 38 MW from power plants and 134 MW from the PHES turbine As specified in the EnergyPLAN user manual both power plants and the PHES turbine can provide grid stabilising power Therefore the total grid stabilising power production for hour 3 is 172 MW 38 134 This means that GridStab 172 572 100 30 and stab load 30 30 100 Aalborg University Areas of Difficulty EE ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 4 8 Abbreviations fo
96. ro 0 Change const txt 0 00 0 00 0 Change hour tidal power 0 00 0 00 0 Wave Power Change Hour wave 200 0 00 0 00 CSP Solar Power 0 Change Hour solar prodt 0 00 0 00 LI F 3 3 2 1 Power Plants For power plants the first parameter required is the total capacity installed which got from the Irish TSO 13 If necessary it is possible to divide the power plants into two categories condensing and PP2 The PP2 category is usually used if there is a highly contrasting plant mix on the system i e if there is one group of plants with a low efficiency and are expensive but another group of plants which have a high efficiency and are cheap Therefore the PP2 can be suitable for some energy systems In addition to the PP capacity you also need to find the total fuel consumed by the power plants which is usually available in the energy balance For example in the Irish energy balance you can see that there is a category titled Public thermal power plants which can be broken down by coal oil gas and biomass These values are entered into the Distribution of Fuel grid If you put all of the PP capacity into the condensing section then all of the fuel consumption needs to be in the PP row of the grid However if you put some plants in PP and some other plants in PP2 then the fuel will need to be split across these rows in a way that reflects this divide Finally you will also need the efficiency
97. ropa eu pvgis Yearly sum of global irradiation incident on optimally inclined south oriented Global irradiation kWh m photovoltaic modules lt 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 gt SE ai Yearly sum of solar electricity generated by 1 kWp system with optimally inclined lt 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 gt modules and performance ratio 0 75 Solar electricity kWh kWp Figure 10 Yearly global irradiation data in Europe 24 Table 3 3 Global solar radiation in Denmark and Ireland for 2007 25 26 Country Number of Stations That Provided Data Average Annual Global Solar Radiation kWh m Denmark 4 976 Ireland 7 989 Tidal Tidal power is developing rapidly at present It is very similar to most renewable energy as it must be used at the time of generation However the unique characteristic of tidal power is the fact that it can be predicted in on a minute resolution at least three years in advance if not more In order to simulate tidal power sourced two studies completed in Ireland one by SEAI the Irish Energy Authority titled Tidal and Current Energy Resources in Ireland 27 and one by the Department of Communications Energy and Natural Resources called the All Island Grid Study Renewable Energy Resource Assessment Workstream 1 28 The first study 27 identified viable tidal energy resource available in Ireland from tidal power 0 92 TWh and the second stu
98. s Parameter Capacity Electricity demand 4 TWh Condensing power plants 500 MW Wind energy 2000 MW Pump capacity 1000 MW Turbine capacity 1000 MW Pump efficiency 0 8 Turbine efficiency 0 8 Storage capacity 5 GWh Regulation Minimum grid stabilisation share 0 3 i e 30 All values were entered using the default distributions provided when opening EnergyPLAN 4 6 1 Storage capacity for the double penstock system strategy It should be noted that when using a double penstock system the storage capacity may never be recorded as full during the hourly values This is due to the calculation procedure in EnergyPLAN As stated previously a double penstock system can charge using excess electricity while also discharging to provide grid stabilisation Therefore at the beginning of each hour EnergyPLAN must decide how much energy will be stored due to excess electricity and how much will be discharged to provide grid stabilisation To do this the following sequence is used by EnergyPLAN 40 Areas of Difficulty Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 1 The amount of excess wind power can be stored is calculated i e is there enough pump capacity and storage capacity available to send the excess electricity It calculates the electricity that needs to be discharged to meet the grid stabilisation requirements Based on these figures the electricity that must be imported or expor
99. s Appear Here f Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel Overview E Heat and Electricity Electricity Only Heat Only Thermal Plant Fuel Distribution Waste Liquid and Gas Fuels C02 3 Demand Electricity Heating Cooling Industry and Fuel MyW e Percent Percent Twh pear Transport Water Supply l Cond PP2 0 Heat and Electricity ondensing P Nuclear 0 0 00 Change const txt Heat Only Thermal Plant Fuel Distributi Geothermal 0 Change const txt Waste Liquid and Gas Fuels Dammed Hydro Water supply Change Hour_wind_1 tst c02 Balancing and Storage Dammed Hydro Power i 0 00 f Estimated Central Power Plants Capacity Efficiency Correction Factor Annual production Distributions Storage for Dammed Hydro Storage D Storage difference PP1 CHP3 Condensing Mode 4000 00 n a Pump Back Capacity 0 Myw e Pump Back Efficiency 0 9 Percent F Hydro Hydro a ve mm eer Cost Simulation r Output RE S electricity EE Intermittent Renewable Electricity Estimated EE Estimated Post Renewable Capacity Stabilisation Distribution profile Production Correction Correction Energy Source My share Twh year factor production Wind 1000 F F Change hour_wind_1 txt 2 07 2 07 Photo Voltaic Change Hour solar prodt 0 35 0 35 Offshore Wind Change hour wind 2 txt 0 00 0 00 Tidal 0 0 0 River Hyd
100. ses only i e not the demand used when acting as a grid storage facility and it is obtained by multiplying the Electricity Smart Charge input by the Efficiency grid to battery input under the Input gt Transport tab Note that the Electricity Dump Charge input is treated separately in the flexible eldemand results V2G Charge This is the electricity demand taken from the grid for the smart V2G electric vehicles and is from the Electricity Smart Charge input under the Input gt Transport tab Note that this could be higher if the V2G is used as a storage facility for the grid i e energy is passed in and out of the cars Note also that the Electricity Dump Charge input is treated separately in the flexible eldemand results already discussed V2G Discha This is the amount of electricity supplied from the smart V2G cars to the grid Its maximum value is obtained by multiplying the Capacity of battery to grid connection input by the Share of parked cars grid connected When comparing this value to other hourly values the Efficiency battery to grid will also need to be considered V2G Storage This is the amount of energy in the Battery storage capacity under the Input gt Transport tab Energy can be removed at 100 efficiency from this storage for transport i e for the V2G Demand However the total energy put into the storage is equal to the V2G Char
101. sion upgrades that may be necessary for widespread installations The Additional tab can be used if there are any additional costs which have not been accounted for For example the cost of insulating houses to reduce energy demands may be accounted for here gt This does not include the balancing costs associated with wind power Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data 3 January 26 FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN Home Add On Tools gh Home New Import from excel f r Open z P Save B Save As EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Help F Show Hints Settings General z D 5 Balancing and Storage J Cost i General B Investment and Fixed OM Heat and Electricity Renewable Energy Liquid and Gas Fuels Heat Infrastructure Transport Infrastructure Other Infrastructure Water Fag 5 dditional lam Fuel Variable OM External Electricity Market Simulation H Output Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation i Output l Notes i Delete i Import From Excel General Investment and Fixed OM Fuel Variable OM External Electricity Market Heat and Electricity Renewable Energy Liquid and Gas Fuels Heat Infrastructure Road Vehicles Other Vehicles Transport Infrastructure Other Infrastructure Water Additional Period Years O and M Total Inv Costs Annual Costs MDKK year of Inv MDKK Investment Fixed Opr
102. stead it replicated the historical hourly values that were inputted as the distribution These hourly outputs were obtained from the Irish TSO but note that it took four months to obtain this data so long waiting periods may need to be accounted for When modelling future alternatives for Ireland I will use the Hydro Power option in EnergyPLAN as this will enable EnergyPLAN to simulate the dispatch of hydro itself which is desirable in the future Hydro Power I found that hydro data was quite difficult to gather i e power capacity and storage capacity As indicated in Figure 8 hydro only provides 2 3 of Ireland s electricity demands and therefore there is not a lot of detailed information which is easily accessible for the hydro plants As a result found that the most productive approach was to contact the hydro plants directly and request the data required from the operator in the control room For the distribution of the hydro production used annual output data for the hydro plants which was recorded by the Irish TSO s EirGrid 12 and SEMO 34 As stated previously hydro power was only simulated using this option when modelling future alternatives for Ireland and not when modelling the reference model in 2007 3 3 3 Waste 7 G EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata oy x EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home Add On Tools Help O lla Open 2 les ShowHints fi 4 B r Fe m D amp S m Home New Import Settings Notes
103. ted is evaluated Once again by looking at an example this should become clear Let s take the values from hour 887 in Table 4 3 At the beginning of this hour there was a demand of 442 MW and a wind production of 1200 MW Therefore by following the steps outlined above EnergyPLAN did the following 1 The storage capacity from the hour before was 4351 MWh while the total capacity was 5000 MWh Therefore the total capacity available for the next hour was 649 MWh which equates to a pump demand of 812 MW i e 649 0 8 Hence there is only room for 812 MW of excess electricity production in the storage during this hour 2 As the total production during this hour is now 1200 MW of wind there is no grid stabilising power operating The regulation used states that 30 of all production must be grid stabilising However if the turbine starts producing power it too will be adding to the production and hence the amount of grid stabilisation required will increase For example if the turbine provides 30 of the wind production which is 360 MW i e 0 3 1200 then the total production is now 1560 MW but 360 1560 is only 23 which is less than 30 Therefore the total power that must come from the turbine must account for its own production also and is calculated from see section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual for full details on grid stabilisation calculations 1 Turbine 0 3 Wind Turbine 0 3 1200 Turbine gt 0 7Turbine 360 gt
104. the average annual wind speed at the location of the offshore wind farm 8 75 m s using the Irish wind atlas 20 Then got an annual offshore wind distribution from a data buoy located close to the offshore wind farm data buoy M2 from 21 This data had an average annual wind speed of 7 82 m s over the year 2007 Therefore scaled up this distribution curve until the average annual wind speed was 8 75 m s the same as the average wind speed at the offshore wind farm Finally got the power curve for a Vestas V90 wind turbine as seen in Figure 9 and calculated the expected output for a single year from the offshore wind farm did not want to use the power curve for the GE Energy wind turbines which were installed at the offshore wind farm as these are still at the testing stage At this point had calculated an expected offshore wind production of 0 11 TWh using the power curve and wind speed distribution with average annual wind speed of 8 75 m s Using the onshore wind distribution the annual electricity generated from the 25 2 MW offshore wind farm was 0 07 TWh However from my calculations the total electricity that should have been generated was 0 11 TWh Consequently adjusted the Correction Factor to 0 65 until the total offshore wind output was 0 11 TWh This accounted for the higher capacity factor of the offshore wind turbines in comparison to the onshore wind turbines However if 25 2 MW of wind power produced an annual
105. the cost of CO2 because when a CO cost is increased or introduced it usually increases the cost of electricity by a constant amount for each hour The multiplication factor is usually used to model an increase in fuel prices as these usually increase the cost of electricity proportionally during each hour 4 6 Operation Strategy for Electricity Storage In EnergyPLAN electricity storage is described in the form of pumped hydroelectric energy storage PHES as this is the largest and most common form of electricity storage in use today 57 However this can be used to define any type of electricity storage which has a charging capacity i e pump compressor discharge capacity i e turbine and a storage capacity When defining the electricity storage capacities available it is also possible to define an electricity storage operation strategy Once again as EnergyPLAN uses PHES as a reference the question asked in EnergyPLAN when defining an operation strategy is Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump YES NO which is displayed in Figure 20 Electricity Storage Electricity Capacities Efficiencies Fuel Ratio Storage Capacity storage Fump Compressor 0 0 8 i Gh system Turbine 0 0 5 Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump No I Fuel ratio fuel input electric output for CAES technologies or similar Figure 20 Electricity storage parameters and operation strategy in EnergyPLAN
106. the next question that comes to mind relates to the CHP inputs under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab Under this tab there are three district heating DH categories 1 DH without CHP These are systems that use boilers waste heat or some other form of heat supply but do not use CHP 2 DH with small CHP plants This category represents CHP plants which cannot operate without a heat load 3 DH with large CHP plants This category specifies the amount of centralised CHP capacity The primary difference between these and group 2 is the fact that these plants do not need to create heat during the production of electricity They can remove the heat from their system using water usually from a river or the sea 4 3 Technical Simulation vs Market Simulation There are two kinds of studies that can be carried out in EnergyPLAN 1 Technical Simulation tries to minimise fossil fuel consumption and can be carried out without any cost inputs 2 Market Simulation tries to minimise the operation costs of the system The technical simulation is based on the technical abilities of the components within the energy system The difference between demand and supply is met as long as the power producing units are capable of completing the task Only in situations where the power producing units are not able to meet demand is power imported from the external market and where excess energy is produced i e during high wind speeds energy is exported
107. this report is primarily based on this application However as was making the reference model felt that a lot of questions could have been answered if simply knew where to begin looking for the data required Therefore this document simply discusses where found the information needed to complete my reference model of the 2007 Irish energy system hope that this will enable future EnergyPLAN users to collect their data more effectively Important There are important points below that need to be considered when reading the following chapters 1 have discussed a number of inputs in great detail and others only briefly This reflects the effort required and the assumptions made in order to get the data and not the importance of the data 2 When you download the EnergyPLAN model a number of distributions are included with it In a lot of studies these distributions will suffice as the results from the EnergyPLAN model may not be greatly improved by a more accurate distribution Therefore it is worth analysing the effects of various distributions on your results before allocating large periods of time to creating distributions This chapter is divided into two primary sections 1 Technical Data 2 Economic Data The order is used as this is a typical modelling sequence that can be used when simulating an energy system Firstly a reference model is created to ensure that EnergyPLAN can simulate the energy system correctly The reference
108. to I 4 7 ic BancocoooioSZ2R 1024 1292 2100 0 0 13 5482 200 10000 1117 0 0 1392 000 000000000000 o o0o00o 000o0o0oo0o0o0000o o00 000000000000 14 Total for the whole year TWhiyear 2 96 1 25 0 00 1 71 12 11 2 07 1 28 3 12 463 0 00 073 0 28 0 00 24 34 0 91 10 10 3 29 8 99 0 00 0 99 0 12 0 07 Own use of heat from industrial CHP 0 00 TWivyear NATURAL GAS EXCHANGE ANNUAL COSTS Million DKK CHP2 PP Indi Trans Demand Bio Syn CO2Hy SynHy SynHy Stor Total Fuel ex Ngas exchange 14787 CHP3 CAES vidual Sum gas gas gas gas age Uranium 0 MW MW MW MW MW MW MW Coal 3959 4601 895 1545 i January isee Mi February 2602 2947 895 2015 267 E 2951 3311 895 1896 March asian E p April 2521 2894 895 1881 ng 2155 2475 895 2045 Biomass May 0 June 691 894 895 1935 ak July 786 1421 895 1427 723 895 August Total Ngas Exchange costs September 1740 895 October 1483 895 November 2240 895 4160 895 Total Electricity exchange December 2169 895 Average Maximum 7520 895 0 895 Fixed imp ex Nain Total for the whole year TWh year 0 00 19 05 j g 2 z Z Marginal operation costs ooo 0000000000009 ooo 000000000000 ooo ooooooooococs ooo 000000000000 ooo 0000000000009 ooo 0000000000009 ooo ooooooooocococs Total CO2 emission costs 0 Total variable costs 15063 Fixed operation costs 36484 o s o s 2 3 7 86 o 8 o 8 o 3 Annual Investment costs 96264 TOTAL ANNUA
109. to ensure that all the capacities and distributions are correct including interconnection Capacity that is placed under the Regulation tab Afterwards the energy outputs from the model must be compared with those of the actual energy system There are five guidelines listed below that may be useful for completing this task see Figure 25 also 1 Ensure the electricity demand is correct including demand heating cooling and interconnection 2 Confirm the consumption is also correct at point 2 3 Check that the production units other than the power plants are producing the required amount of energy 4 Are the power plants generating the correct amount of energy for each fuel type If steps 3 and 4 are correct but the power plants are not generating the correct amount of energy then the power plant efficiency under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab needs to be adjusted 5 Is the total amount of fuel being used within the energy system correct The EnergyPLAN model 12 0 Fuel Price level Basic Capacities Storage Efficiencie MW e GWh elec Ther Hydro Pump 0 0 Hydro Turbine 0 Electrol Gr 2 0 0 Electrol Gr 3 0 0 Electrol trans 1909 477 Ely MicroCHP 0 0 CAES fuel ratio 0 000 TWhyear Coal Oil Transport 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Household 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 13 Industry 0 00 0 00 0 00 19 03 Various 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Electricity demand TWh year Fixed demand Electric heating HP Flexible demand 4 07 21 80
110. turbine and pump Electricity Out Upper Reservoir Upper Reservoir During Discharging Electricity Out During Discharging Generator Motor Generator Double gt Electricity In Lower Reservoir Lower Reservoir Electricity In Figure 21 One PHES facility with A a single penstock system and B a double penstock system So how do these operating strategies affect the hourly operation of the system in EnergyPLAN To illustrate this an example is presented in Table 4 1 using the parameters defined in Table 4 2 As seen in Table 4 1 the primary advantage of a double penstock PHES facility relates to grid stabilisation to see how the grid stabilisation percentage is calculated see section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual As the pump and turbine can operate together a double penstock system can store excess wind production using the pump while also producing grid stabilising power using the turbine In contrast the single penstock system has to prioritise one of these as the pump and turbine cannot operate together From Table 4 1 it is clear that the single penstock system prioritises the pump and therefore the excess electricity is sent to the PHES while the power plants PP must now provide the grid stabilising power As a result a system with single penstock PHES facility typically requires more fuel i e more PP production than a system with a double penstock PHES Also as a double penstock can charge and discharge
111. ty from the Energy Balance 16 3 3 Supply Tab 3 3 1 Heat and Electricity There is currently no large scale CHP plants for public district heating systems in Ireland so only industrial CHP was required for the heat and electricity tabsheet 3 3 1 1 Industrial CHP Energy Production In order to quantify the capacity of industrial CHP I had to contact the statistics department within the Irish energy agency SEAI who had the breakdown of CHP plants at their disposal They could identify from their records how much CHP in Ireland was industrial and how much was dispatchable From this they could also provide the amount of electricity and heat that was produced from both industrial and dispatchable CHP 3 3 1 2 Industrial CHP Distribution Since the industrial CHP in Ireland was not controlled by the TSO I used the const txt distribution for Industrial CHP which means the output was simply constant It is considered the best proxy for modelling a production that cannot be controlled 26 Collecting the Required Data Aalborg University FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN January 26 2015 26 2015 3 3 2 Electricity Only i EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Ox a z EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home Add On Tools Help 7 wt as ft B 7O muoga bi gt pa Save Home New Import Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warning
112. uestion The Cost tab is used to input the costs associated with the energy system being investigated and the Output tab is used to analyse the results of your investigation Finally the Settings tab enables the user to change the scale of the units in the program Below I will discuss in detail where I got the information for the Input tab and the Cost tab as these account for the majority of data required rm EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Ox a EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home AddOn Tools Help Version of EnergyPLAN la Open i Ek Show Hints ft B msme heal Eg g E TE a sh and date it was released from excel B Save As Grboard en Frie ani General E Run X View Warnings Appear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel Overview EE EnergyPLAN Energy System Analysis Tool Hydro water Hydro Hydro power Desalination pat 9 plant plant L syste RES electricity i CHP Geothermal 4 Absorption and solar heat heat pump gt a v eer yser Biomass I conversion gt Vehicles i Industry 3 Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Cooling device CO Fuel Electricity Heat Hydrogen Steam gt CO p Transport gt Water
113. ure 13 Pelamis wave generator a and power matrix output in kW b Wave Period Tz S 8 5 9 0 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 699 925 953 958 962 941 919 870 820 742 1049 1433 1491 1509 1527 1502 1477 1404 1332 1209 1398 1941 1939 1844 1677 1914 Significant Wave Height m Figure 14 Wave Dragon power matrix optimised for high average wave conditions output in kW 30 Wave Period Toow s 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 Significant Wave Height Hsig m Figure 15 Archimedes Wave Swing power matrix unrestricted output in kW 30 When multiple power matrices are available the suitability of the device for a particular site can be evaluated by completing a scatter diagram The wave height and wave period recorded at the site in question should be plotted against one another as illustrated in Figure 16 If the power matrix and recorded data from the site in question overlap each other significantly on the scatter diagram then the wave energy generator being Aalborg University Collecting the Required Data zo o ENDEL au FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN investigated is a good choice for that particular location As seen in Figure 16 the Pelamis is a very good match for the sample site analysed M4 Scatter Diagram Wave Period s 0123 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 13 14 15 16 17 Pelamis Power Matrix oO CON Dw A Q N e O Significant Wave Height m e he e N e O Figure
114. ut Notes Delete Import From Excel iS Overview Heat and Electricity Electricity Only Heat Only Thermal Plant Fuel Distribution Waste Liquid and Gas Fuels C02 B Suppl G L Heal and Electiciy CO2 content in the fuels Electricity Only 2 Heat Only Thermal Plant Fuel Distributi i Waste Diesel El a and Gas Fuels Petrol JP Ngas LPG Waste i c02 FuelQil 6 Balancing and Storage 35 74 56 7 99 64 32 5 ka GJ Cost Simulation 6 Output CCS and CCR Carbon Capture and Storage or Recycling CO2 captured by CCS o Mt Electricity Consumption Per unit 0 37 Mwh t CO2 Electricity consumption 0 00 Twh year CCS Capaity oO MW Change regulation strategy 1 Electricity demand for CCS is constant Increase Capacity for Regulation to 0 Mw 3 3 4 1 Emission Factors In the EnergyPLAN model three CO2 emission factors are required one for coal oil and natural gas However in this study coal and oil do not just account for a single fuel but instead they account for a group of fuels The coal category represents peat and coal as these were modelled as a single fuel this is a method which has been carried out in previous models of the Irish energy system 49 due to the similar power plant efficiencies and CO2 emissions of the two fuels The oil category represents a number of different types of oil including kerosene diesel and coke Therefore the CO2 emissio
115. versity Collecting the Required Data C ENDEL aa FINDING AND INPUTTING DATA INTO ENERGYPLAN 3 2 2 Heating EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Ox a z EnergyPLAN 12 0 Startdata Home Add On Tools Help ed lla Open 3 2 a F showHnts AG Bi azen AO hi Home New Import Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run eevie Ta from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warnings Appear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel o Overview BE Electricity Heating Cooling Industry and Fuel Transport Water Demand Electricity i RN ER Total Heat Demand Individual plus District Heating 17 50 Coal _ seter gt Cooling j i Industry and Fuel og 1 Transport Individual Heating kr J mand Waler Estimated Solar Thermal Supply l Twh pear Fuel Consumption Efficiency Heat Efficiency Capacity Electricity Heat ors 13 gt Balancing and Storage Input Output Thermal Demand Electric Limit Production Storage Share Input Output Cost s Simulation Distribution Heat Solar nna som J GR Output Hour_distr heat txt Hour_solarl_pjad txt 013 Coal boiler i 0 00 Oil boiler j i 0 00 Nagas boiler li i 0 00 Biomass boiler I i 0 00 H2 micro CHP Naas micro CHP Biomass micro CHP Heat Pump Electric heating Total
116. w Hints B Save Home New Import Settings Notes Web Run Run Run Run from excel B Save As Clipboard Screen Print Serial General Run View Warnings Appear Here Demand Supply Balancing and Storage Cost Simulation Output Notes Delete Import From Excel Overview EHLE Electricity Heating Cooling Industry and Fuel Transport water Demand i F A PE 4 Electricity TWh pear Fossil Biofuel Waste Synthetic Fuel Total Distribution Help to design inputs Heating JP Jet Fuel o I oa 0 0 00 Cooling Industry and Fuel Diesel 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 Transport L Water Petrol 0 oO 0 0 00 g Supply Naas Grid Gas 0 0 00 Gas const tat Balancing and Storage mm Ic 4 Cost LPG 0 0 00 fi ev H2 Produced by Electrolysers 0 H2 Hour_US2001_transportation_BEV_H2 txt Dutpul Electricity Dump Charge 0 Dump Hour_US2001_transportation_BEV_H2 txt Electricity Smart Charge 0 Smart Hour US2001 transportation SEV V2G tst Electric Vehicle Specifications Smart Charge Vehicles Max share of cars during peak demand p Capacity of grid to battery connection Share of parked cars grid connected Efficiency grid to battery Battery storage capacity Additional Specifications for Vehicle to Grid 2G Capacity of battery to grid connection Efficiency battery to grid The amount of fuel used for transport is available by fuel type including electrici
117. ying the import by the System Price The value displayed needs to be multiplied by 1000 to obtain the true figure and it is a monetary value export payments This is the revenue from exporting electricity and it is obtained by multiplying the export by the System Price The value displayed needs to be multiplied by 1000 to obtain the true figure and it is a monetary value blt neck payment These are the costs that occur due to bottlenecks that occur when import export reaches its maximum capacity It is calculated by multiplying the Btl neck prices by the import export capacity Note that this is then divided by 2 as the revenue from bottlenecks is normally split between the 2 operators on each side of the interconnector addexport payment The is the cost revenue that occurs due to the Fixed Import Export which was defined under the Input gt ElectricityDemand tab It is the Fixed Exp Imp in the results window multiplied by the DKmarket prices DHP and Boilers This is the amount of gas consumed for DH systems without CHP which is Group 1 plus the gas consumed by the boilers in Group 2 and Group 3 under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab This is the amount of gas consumed for CHP plants in Group 2 and Group 3 under HP2 CHP k ne the Input gt DistrictHeating tab This is the amount of gas consumed for the Condensing and

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