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1. By clicking one of these options simple buttons we will immediately be able to carry out our preferred operation Fig X and Fig X 1 show how the services are implemented in the Client side Application Internal Number Logged in as Michel Message Instructions 1 Choose the internal number you want to communicate with and insert it into the cell Internal Number 2 you want to send a message text it into the cell Message 3 Press the confirmation button LOCCIONI Fig services php how the page is shown at first 61 Logged in as Michel Internal Number 8403 Message Hello om Instructions Now you can choose the operation you want to do from the menu on the right you want to change the initial parameters follow the previous procedure 1 Choose the internal number you want to communicate with and insert it into the cell Internal Number 2 you want to send a message text it into the cell Message 3 Press the confirmation button E LOCCIONI ne Fig services php the page after the parameters confirmation schedule php In this page all the events related to a device are shown given a MAC Address all the scheduling events which concern it are extrapolated All of this is possible because of the table Event inside the EW Database which is structured in such a way that it could be possible
2. Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing recurrences the EnergyWise settings and status for recurrence statistics the counters for events and errors usage the current power usage on the entity version the current EnergyWise version Between entities are neighbors Two switches in a network could be neighbors The neighbor relationship is designed for clearing the sending command and control messages while the parent and child entities are designed to control power Tab Some of the EnergyWise commands and relative explanations provided by the newest versions of Cisco IOS Layer based scheme The figure below Fig X proposes a layer based scheme which represents how the EnergyWise applications work inside a network Very similarly to the famous ISO OSI model which provides 7 layers and to the as much famous and important Internet model which provides 5 layers in this case we essentially have to deal with the following four layers LAYER 3 Management Applications the EnergyWise network monitoring and managing applications generally executed on a Server machine Essentially we have two kinds of applications 1 First Party Applications programs provided or authorized by the company that distributes the base software We re talking about Cisco Systems developed and distributed program to exploit EnergyWise advantages 2 Third Party Applications programs which are written by i
3. 52 Protezione bocchelli 6 Spedizione 2007 1001 2007 1005 2007 1008 2007 10 19 7 Consegna Milestone Riassunto Percorso critico Percorso normale 2007 10 19 2007 10 19 Fig Gantt Graph example Names are given in Italian Further information about Gantt Diagrams in http www gantt com 67 Use Case Descriptions At this point the Use Case Diagram in Fig XX should be clear Anyway to be more precise we should now report the Use Cases descriptions one by one Even if we re talking about a diagram born exclusively for the first approaches on applications the related description is really important as general documentation Whose readers who are not interested in the technical aspects can skip this section Name Login Initiator User Goal Log into the system 1 User writes his internal number 2 User writes his password User confirms Extensions 3k Internal number not given a System shows an error message b System allows user to try again Resume at 1 3 Password not given a System shows an error message b System allows user to try again Resume at 1 3k Internal number does not exist a System shows an error message b System allows user to try again Resume at 1 Sk Wrong password a System shows an error message b System allows user to try again Resume at 1 Name Today s Gantt Initiator User Goal Show
4. 3750G 16TD 3750V2 Catalyst 3560 E switches Catalyst 3560 switches Catalyst 2975 switches Catalyst 2960 switches Catalyst 2918 switches Tab Switch which offer EnergyWise support EnergyWise Specification 0 6 n 7906 7911 7912 7940 17 7960 7970 Tab Some IP Phones which offer EnergyWise support Energy Wise purposes So far we had a quite unclear description of what EnergyWise really is What does EnergyWise actually do We have just explained that EnergyWise allows the users to make energy management but what does it means exactly It means that it s literally possible to choose the power level that we want a certain device to assume in a well defined instant in a scale from the value 0 to the value 10 You can remotely switch off a telephone which means to set its level to 0 you can give it a full level 10 or an intermediate level of energy In Fig XX we can see how Cisco Sistems has defined the operative mode Mode column the representing color and the relative RGB code Color and Code columns and the univocal name Label column of each level valid for every Cisco device with EnergyWise support Mode Color Code Color Level Label Operational 1 FF0000 Red 10 Full 9 High FFFFOO Yellow 8 Reduced 7 Medium OOFFOO Green 6 Frugal 5 Low Standby 0 OOOOFF Blue 4 Ready 3 Standby A52A
5. Nr Of Employees Daily Work Hours Computers 5 1000 8 70 1000 24 120 000 1 680 000 1 720 000 Wh So we would obtain a difference of 80 000 Wh daily consumed only switching off the phones which represent the less expensive devices for the energy consumption when not necessary with a 4 596 of energy savings 10 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing At this point the question is why don t we think about a new and easy method of switching off possibly automatically the phones when they re not necessary In the next chapter we will go through the subject and will discover what EnergyWise means Famous quotations Before giving a clear definition of EnergyWise we will now mention two interesting and explicative quotations this would give an idea of what we re going to discuss in the next chapters How are you planning to make your organization more energy efficient The answer to that question is more important than ever You need to reduce energy costs You must prepare to comply with government regulations and laws and you want to do what s right for the environment and for your business You need an accurate way to measure your current power usage a way to regulate it and also to report it Cisco Energywise does exactly that from a Cisco presentation about the EnergyWise technology Business leaders are defining sustainability initiatives that reduce their electrical powe
6. So here s what has been developed In the Server side Application s main window there s a button named Shut Down Computers in somewhere when pressed this button opens a new window like the one presented in Fig X Login Shut Down Computers SE Ed Domain WORKGROUP LOCCIOINI Fig ShutDown Application s login page Once a network domain is inserted in the apposite textbox and the Enter button is pressed a new window like the following Fig XX will be opened 84 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing E Operations Shut Down Computers Computers in this Network LOCCIONI C Force running applications to close C Hibernate the computer C Poweroff the computer Lock the computer Loaoff the console user Reboot after shutdown Shutdown without poweroff C Suspend the computer Countdown 30 seconds Bye Bye Domain WORKGROUP User E Password eeeee Shutdown selected elements IP or PC name Shutdown Specific Element WakeOnLan EEE Standby this Computer Fig ShutDown Application s operations page How it s simple to imagine from this window it s possible to choose a number of options we can choose the type of operation to do the radio buttons collection at the top the time to wait before the execution of the chosen operations selectable from the combobox with the Countdown label the
7. Time 17 45 Time 17 45 Value 20 Value 51 09 EnergyWise Level Fig Workbench results WITH WITHOUT ENERGYWISE USE 76 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Fig Y which refers to the total energy consumption of the telephones so the consumption of the switch is not considered shows that in a week we have an average energy consumption of 51 09 kWh without EW usage 20 00 kWh with EW usage So the energy savings is remarkable we have more or less the 60 less of energy consumed Maps Thanks to a simple system for the representation of the enterprises internals it s possible to visualize the workspaces of the employees with a good resolution and precision The main database EW Database contains in particular two tables for the purpose ImageFloor it contains the general images of the enterprise s floors Of course given a certain enterprise we can find more than one image inside the table For example the Loccioni Group has two floors to add to the table just for Sede di Moie the floor names are Pianoterra and Primo Piano aE Bee BH c Fig ImageFloor relative to Primo Piano in Loccioni Group Sede di Moie 77 e ImageArea it contains the partic
8. UUDM amp M Interfacing http www cisco com en US products sw voicesw ps556 and http www cisco com warp public cc pd nemnsw callmn Two kinds of events exist as follows Sporadic events generally defined una tantum once for all in other words an event is sporadic if it defines an action that will not be executed in the following days or at least not systematically For example if a user wants to shut down from the Client side Application his own telephone for 4 hours because of a secondment nearby he would choose to define this kind of event with the right parameters e Regular events those events are cyclically repeated day by day except in festival days so in a regular way These are the kind of events that most interest us because they are the basis of the enterprise s schedules they are normally defined from the Server side Application when the administrator wants to define department based schedulings but it s also possible to define regular events for employee based schedulings An event is defined by the following fields No one of them can be null at the moment of the event s creation Id univocal identifier of the event FkSchedulingType indicates the scheduling type we re going to deal with Further information about the functionalities of this field will be discussed in the SchedulingType table s description Value value to consider Depending on the scheduling specified in FkSchedulingTy
9. gt that allow the programmer to jump into and out of the PHP mode What distinguishes PHP from something like client side JavaScript is that the code is executed on the server generating HTML which is then sent to the client The client would receive the results of running that script but would not know what the underlying code was Its even possible to configure a web server to process all the HTML files with PHP and then there s really no way that users can tell what you have up your sleeve The best things in using PHP are that it is extremely simple for a newcomer but offers many advanced features for a professional programmer Although PHP s development is focused on server side scripting users can do much more with it What PHP can do Anything PHP is mainly focused on server side scripting so it s possible to do anything any other CGI program can do such as collect form data generate dynamic page content or send and receive cookies But PHP can do much more There are three main areas where PHP scripts are used e Server side scripting This is the most traditional and main target field for PHP Three things to make this work are needed The PHP parser CGI or server module a web server and a web browser We need to run the web server 52 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing with a connected PHP installation We can access the PHP program output with a web browser viewing the PHP
10. supports the creation of the following types of applications e Standalone Applications traditional style Windows applications built as executable assemblies that are installed to and run from the client machine XAML browser applications XBAPs applications composed of navigable pages that are built as executable assemblies that are browsed to and hosted by Windows Internet Explorer e Custom Control Libraries non executable assemblies containing reusable controls Class Libraries non executable assemblies that contain reusable classes Note The use of WPF to build Windows services is unsupported Because WPF is a presentation technology the Windows service requires the appropriate permissions to perform visual operations that involve user interaction If the Windows service does not have the appropriate permissions there may be unexpected results 28 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Users interact with WPF standalone applications through windows The purpose of a window is to host application content and expose application functionality that usually allows users to interact with the content In WPF windows are encapsulated by the Window class which supports e Creating and showing windows e Establishing owner owned window relationships e Configuring window appearance for example size location icons title bar text border e Tracking and interacting with the lifetime of a win
11. which is not mandatory to specify can be useful for those administrators with a poor memory Keeping track of the switches is necessary for the network management the Server side Application needs to know which switch is linked to the involved device or group of devices in order to complete the operations it is supposed to perform For ease of use matters it s necessary to associate the following three fields to each switch Enabled boolean field which indicates if the switch at issue is enabled 1 On or not 0 Off This field allows the system to avoid the blockage for a long lapse of time of the Server side Application when it asks for the power levels of a disabled switch Community password needed for the authentication of the switch on the network in order to allow it to benefit from the network and EnergyWise services Port indicates the switch port use for the SNMP interfacing Generally this field takes the number of the well known UDP port as a value the 161 port since it is commonly used with the SNMP protocol this parameter could vary up to the administrator which is going to use the application Note that here the name port is used in a software ambit in this case a port can be thought as a number between 1 and 65000 used to identify together with a transport protocol and the IP Address a certain active socket SwitchPort Connections with other tables SWITCHPORT N 1 SWITCH SWITCHPORT N 1 D
12. 20 Torino TO ITALY 32 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing 00004 Fiat Light Commercial Vehicles S p A Via Verdi 21 Torino TO ITALY 00005 Abarth amp C S p A Lerchenfelder Str 13 Wien AUSTRIA Tab Hypothetical configuration of the table Company The five companies listed in Tab X are partially controlled by the huge firm Fiat Group S p A they re big enough to be considered as independent companies which enjoy a certain autonomy even if not complete Speaking in Business Economics terms we could say that Fiat Group S p A adopts in general an Holding model it manages directly one or more business areas of the controlled companies and applies internal horizontal strategies at the same time The particularly interested reader can delve into the argument by consulting Economia e Gestione delle Imprese 2a Edizione McGraw Hill Fontana Caroli 2006 in Italian Office Connections with other tables OFFICE N 1 COMPANY OFFICE 1 N IMAGEFLOOR Each company owns one or more offices what do we mean with this term An office is generally a medium small enterprise which is completely controlled by a larger organization Company Examples of offices are the small enterprises which have a complete dependency on a bigger one or the foreign small corporations of a Multinational Company To take our case of study the Loccioni Group has got 2 offices A E
13. A amp SUMMA S r L Via Fiume 16 Angeli di Rosora AN ITALY General Impianti S r L Via Monteschiavo 3 Moie di Maiolati AN ITALY Nevertheless the Marketing section of the Group has recently decided to eliminate those original names preferring an explicative approach Now the enterprise A E A amp SUMMA S r L is named Loccioni Office of Angeli di Rosora while General Impianti S r L in now named Loccioni Office of Moie Taking again the example of the Fiat Group S p A here s how the rows of the table Office would be filled relatively to the company Lancia Automobiles S p A without considering the foreign offices 00056 Office of Torino Via Torinesi 20 Torino TO ITALY 00003 00057 Lancia Office of Roma Via Romani 40 Roma ITALY 00003 00058 Lancia Office of Padova Via Padovani 41 Padova PD ITALY 00003 00059 Lancia Office of Genova Via Genovesi 42 Genova GE ITALY 00003 00060 Office of Palermo Via Palermitani 43 Palermo PA ITALY 00003 33 00061 Office of Napoli Via Napoletani 44 Napoli NA ITALY 00003 Tab Hypothetical configuration of the table Office Of course the office names and their associated addresses are purely invented Note that the FkCompany field the foreign key which refers to the table Company is filled with the primary key of Lancia Automobiles
14. Company Id PK int Name varchar 50 no Address varchar 50 yes Office Id PK int Name varchar 50 no Address nchar 50 yes FkCompany FK int yes Department Id PK int Name varchar 50 no ImageFloor Id PK int Image text yes FkOffice FK int yes ImageArea Id PK int Image text yes FkImageFloor FK int yes TopLeftX int yes TopLeftY int yes BottomRightX int yes BottomRightY int yes Switch IP PK varchar 20 Name varchar 50 yes Enabled bit no Community varchar 50 no Port int no SwitchPort IndexPort PK varchar 50 FkSwitch PK int LocationX int yes LocationY varchar 20 yes FkDepartment FK int yes FkImageArea FK int yes NamelInS witch varchar 50 yes Event Id PK int FkSchedulingType FK int no Value varchar MAX no TimeStart datetime no TimeStop datetime no EnergyLevel nchar 2 no 3l Disabled bit no SchedulingType Id PK int Name nvarchar 50 no DeviceStatus MacAddress PK varchar MAX Status smallint no SynchronizeMacs Id PK int OldMac vachar 50 no NewMac vachar 50 no IndexPort nvachar 50 no SwitchIP nvachar 50 no Name nvachar 50 no Tab EnergyWise Database tables scheme Now we are going to analyze the table descriptions one by one We are not going to go through the fundamental principles which stand at the basis of the Databases theory because it would be totally out of the intentions of this thesis That s why we are not
15. EW At A Glance http www cisco com en US prod collateral switches ps57 18 ps 10195 at a glance_c45 514506 pdf Cisco Networked Sustainability Framework http www cisco com en US prod collateral switches ps5718 ps10195 ga c67 508150 html Cisco EnergyWise Configuration Guide http www ciscosystems com en US docs switches lan energ ywise phase2 ios configuration guide ew_v2 pdf Cisco EW Technical Overview http www aironet info en US prod collateral switches ps5718 ps10195 prod_presentation_c97 512619 pdf Power Over Ethernet alimentation goes on the Ethernet Cable http searchnetworking techtarget it articoli 0 1254 19 ART 79745 00 html Hyper Terminal introduction http www avitresearch co uk USBTTL hyperterminal htm Cisco CallManager http www cisco com warp public cc pd nemnsw callmn Visifire web page http www visifire com Cisco SNMP Object Navigator http tools cisco com Support SNMP do BrowseOID do local en AllWebFree page http www allwebfree it php_sessioni php IIS vs Apache Benchmarks http server html it guide lezione 224 l apache iis vs apache i benchmark Use Case Modeling http books google it books id2zvxfXvEcQjUC amp printsec frontcover amp dqzuse case amp hl it amp ei Qs7qS93tBMua ObJpNzeCe amp sa X amp oi book_result amp ct result amp resnum 1 amp ved OCD8Q6AEwAA v onepage amp q amp f false e PHP Introduction http php net manu
16. N relation As we can see the introduction of a third table is necessary this table aims to contain all the existing relations This method is simple and effective but also relatively expensive 36 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing In our case we don t really need to keep track of which offices the departments belong to The table Departments is not even used in the Client side Application it is used in somewhere in the Server side one but not so much That s why we can afford not to consider the relation between Departments and Offices saving space in the EW Database ImageFloor amp ImageArea Connections with other tables IMAGEFLOOR N 1 OFFICE IMAGEFLOOR 1 N IMAGEAREA IMAGEAREA 1 N SWITCHPORT The EnergyWise Server side Application is designed for satisfying several needs Among many of them one of the most important requirements is the usability it shouldn t be necessary to consult manuals or tutorials to discover all the powerful functionalities and the application s facets everything that is possible to do should be clear since the first approaches Furthermore it should be possible to monitor the situation of the enterprise s devices in the most user friendly way possible even thought the Server side Application is intended for people with a good knowledge in Computer Science like network administrators For those reasons the administrators or whoever will use the application should have the
17. X we can see the use case diagram relative to the Client side Application The use cases are essentially descriptions about how to use a system i e how you can read it in a user manual The Use Case concept has been proposed for the first time in 1987 by Ivar Jacobson one of the major UML authors Nevertheless the diffusion of the term started from 1992 with the publication of the book Object Oriented Software Engineering A Use Case Driven Approach The technique of using the Use Cases is an important help for the discovery and the clarification of a system s requirements Using the Use Cases means to identify who people or external systems will have to use the system to understand what are the objectives we want to obtain by using the system more or less we need a use case for each objective to study in deep each use mode speaking in terms of concrete scenario descriptions clarifying how we start the user s expected answer from the system the sequence of steps of the complete interaction eventual external subjects which are still involved with the complete mechanism Use Cases greatly facilitates the requirements discovery the customers needs and also of the other parts of the system understanding and their progressive clarifications It also constitutes an optimal starting point for the activities of analysis and design implementation and system testing Use Cases are also used in business process mo
18. company It s all thanks to him if we got introduced in the EnergyWise topic specially at the beginning of our adventure All the Loccioni Staff of Sede di Moie R amp D Department although not directly involved in the project everybody were always available to answer to questions and curiosities and to find the solution to many kinds of issues Even their help has been essential Chiara Belardinelli my cousin just become mother of a beautiful baby She gave me an help to correct the mistakes I made in the English version of this thesis My mother my father my grandma they do not understand anything about EnergyWise but they allowed me to study especially they always guided me to the right decisions and choices Considering these as the most important merits I dedicate this thesis to them Many thanks to everyone References e MSDN Library NET Framework 3 5 WPF page http msdn microsoft com en us library ms754130 aspx Wikipedia WPF page http en wikipedia org wiki Windows_Presentation_Foundation Cisco EnergyWise Technology http www cisco com en US products ps10195 index html Controlling Corporate Energy Consumption via the Enterprise Network Nicholas Lippis 87 http www cisco com en US prod collateral switches ps5718 ps10195 lippis energywise external final pdf Cisco EnergyWise Demo Presentation http www cisco com assets cdc content elements flash netsys energywise demo html Cisco
19. definirivaar chiviazicae di ogni esperienza conuna va lenzadirettamerk eo indirettamente socia le utopia della Olivetti nellaversions po sitivizicc socialista di Camillo e umanist i codnissrisledi Adian il paternalismo della Marzotto la via social lombarda del e della Falck Timpeesa istituz io nedell Fiat A Siemens o quant NL me sicuro che qui all im coo della Valle Esina a poche centinaia di metri dalla mulattiera che per tuttoil se mondo se Aristide berloni non avesse fon datola Aristontrentachilometri piyamon te nonc la classica lamiera del piccolo e del medio imprenditoce della Terza Italia Trovi invece attivit di servizio e immate rialit La Leaf House la rimacasaaemis sionizero e lanuovasede del grappo pro pan dal bicarchitetto tedesco Thomas Herzog ukimi approdi di una evoluzione industriale che partendo da un Ape e da c per gli attrezzi e passando at l impiantistica industriale la mi adele controllo di qualza la ricerca ha condotto alla centralit del business nou Updustria e lap litica m P atopteta indugtrlale par Ca pace dipuntzra suf inne ac loe organtzativa od igi moto dette alla promozioee cultural asociado del di M RC A alle elarioni dal 1955 Fig The article about Loccioni Group Il Sole 24 Ore 23 12 2009 In the main photo E Loccioni Since Januar
20. for the assembly of electrical panels or any device at all In this sense we can avoid the definition of useless ImageAreas focusing our attention only on the certain zones The major drawback of this approach is that to have the enterprise s planimetries in a digital format is not enough we also need to work with simple programs for graphic design to obtain the ImageAreas This point will be improved in a later version of the Application At this point the reader should be convinced that the usage of two tables for the images implies a big comfort and usage even if it could seem useless and without any sense Switch Connections with other tables SWITCH 1 N SWITCHPORT This table contains all the switches network devices which forward selectively the received frames to an output port utilized for the application of EnergyWise policies We re naturally talking about PoE Power Over Ethernet switches the technique that allows apparatuses and devices to be powered through the same cable which links them to the Ethernet data network We already talked about PoE in the Document X Fig Aswitch the rectangular box connected to a number of devices 40 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing A switch is identified in a univocal way by its IP address which is given statically for this reason the address is taken as primary key of the table In order to query the switch we just need its IP but the Name field
21. for saving its own work or to make the necessary operations before the shutdown This is strongly not recommended specially if there are some delicate operations in progress such as the data backup If allowed to Countdown at least gt 1 seconds the user can abort the shutdown operation either by pressing the Cancel button if provided or by typing from Windows command line psshutdown a of course this is going to work just for computers with PsShutDown program installed 86 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Acknoledgements Priceless is the help I received to give birth to this thesis I say thank you to the following persons without which the writing of this thesis would not have been possible Michel Uncini michel uncini loccioni com since ever my companion of adventures I would say that he has a good head on his shoulders Really keen on Computer Sciences themes fellow worker on the EnergyWise project Undoubtedly the most important and precious help on this thesis thematics Mirco Angeletti m angeletti loccioni com Loccioni Group s Marketing and R amp D Manager the first person starting to believe in the EnergyWise project and even more important in the abilities of two young and wretched internship students An inexhaustible source of motivation desire to discover and disposability Michele Casci m casci loccioni com supreme networks expert loved and respected by everyone inside the
22. for the console FkSwitch is the foreign key derived from a switch Since a switch inside a domain has got an unambiguous IP Address it s enough to indicate which port between the available ones we have to indicate so that we can obtain an univocal couple of values as well as a multiple primary key FkDepartment and FkImageArea are respectively the foreign key of a department and of a ImageArea A SwitchPort can be associated indeed to a department so that it would be possible to execute a number of schedulings by department on that port and consequently on the port s associated device entity to the image of an area so that the SwitchPort could be easily traced inside the enterprise In the matter of this that s the functionality of the parameters LocationX and LocationY thanks to them it s possible to trace the exact coordinates of the point in which the SwitchPort is in relation with the ImageArea For further information on this see the Maps section in Chapter 6 Lastly the parameter NameInSwitch is the one given by default to the port which represents a mnemonic name for instance the name of the physic port 1006 could be GigabitEthernet0 1 while the port 1012 could obtain GigabitEthernet0 9 as a name and so on Those names can be easily edited dynamically to the administrator s liking Event Connections with other tables EVENT 1 N SCHEDULINGTYPE Events represent one of the principal reasons why the appli
23. going to explain in a very exhaustive way all the dependences between the tables assuming that the reader already has a basic knowledge of database s management The mnemonic names which have been chosen for tables and fields should make the understanding easier and faster For an exhaustive guide for the databases management propose an optimal website http infolab stanford edu ullman dscb html projects Company Connections with other tables COMPANY 1 N OFFICE This table consists on the list of the companies to be considered Let s keep in mind that the UTM Application is designed for the complete management EnergyWise IP Phone Services of generic companies and not only of the Loccioni Group where we operated during the writing of this thesis The consequence is that it s not inappropriate to think about big realities let s think about a large firm which owns many brands in several areas of a Country or even in several Countries in the world and which wants an unified platform with the functionalities described above Once this firm has bought the product it can fill the table Company with all its controlled big companies For instance here s how a big firm like Fiat Group S p A would fill the table addresses don t refer to the real cases 00001 Fiat Automobiles S p A Via Bianchi 18 Torino TO ITALY 00002 Alfa Romeo Automobiles S p A Via Neri 19 Milano MI ITALY 00003 Lancia Automobiles S p A Via Rossi
24. gt lt Bu utton Content Click Venue lt Steele Summary 29 Chapter 4 EW Database Preamble Like most of the software of this kind the Server side Application also needs for a database since it s the best tool for the data storage The application uses a lot of information and data and in practice it would be totally impossible to deal with it without a good supervisor Anyway later we ll explain how the usage of only one database would not be an optimal solution For the moment let s just focus on the tables on which the Server side Application takes the concerned data even if the application does not make an exclusive use of it From now on we ll call this series of tables EW Database in this chapter we will discover everything about this data structure since we re going to go deeply into it These tables are also essential for the correct functioning of the Client side Application which in some cases asks for information directly to the EW Database as well as to the Server side Application via UDP and TCP requests Energy Wise Database 30 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing We can now go through the description of the concerned tables focusing our attention on the engineering details of the choices made all over the software development Here is a general overview on the EW Database s tables Table Column Name Data Type Allow Nulls
25. interface uses standard SNMP or SSL to integrate Cisco and third party management systems TEE CISCO Fig Cisco logo Conventional wisdom is that datacenters are the epicentre of Green IT initiatives as they are large centralized energy consumption footprints Their centralization affords ease of access to control energy consumption But there is far more energy consumed over 90 throughout a corporation than in its datacenter The network sprawls the entire organization from headquarters to regional sites to manufacturing floors to branch offices affording it access to control this larger energy consumption footprint and put power management under the control of IT Cisco EnergyWise adds power management value by tackling the sprawl issue For example consider a 48 port switch that on average may connect 10 PoE phones 10 WLAN APs and perhaps 20 PCs Adding up the power consumed by all of these devices a 48 port switch has the opportunity to manage and control some 6 7 000 watts of power or between 125 to 145 watts per port For an organization with 10 000 IP devices connected into their network a Cisco EnergyWise empowered network has the opportunity to manage 1 45 million watts of power This number increases significantly as non IP building control systems are Cisco EnergyWise enabled 12 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing In effect a network switch is not only managing IP traffic but also energy consumed by conne
26. message to show on screen before the shutdown it can be omitted the network domain name initially this name coincides with the name given in input at the beginning and user credentials who must have particular permissions to execute such important operations 85 Furthermore it s possible to proceed in two ways we can execute the shutdown of some of the elements inside the listbox which coincide with the computers currently connected in the network or we can execute it regarding a specific element In the first case it s necessary to select the concerned elements putting a check on them and to click on the Shutdown Selected Elements button In the second case we should manually fill the textbox IP or PC name with the IP Address or the name of the concerned computer and then to click on the Shutdown Specific Element button Once the command has been launched the affected computers will receive an alert message similar to the one in Fig X PsShutdown The system is shutting down Please save all work in progress and log off Any unsaved changes will be lost This shutdown was initiated by MALARDAL 72D35E Lillo Time before shutdown 00 06 38 Message Bye Byell Fig Example of PsShutDown message The message does not get visualized if the sender decides to execute the operation immediately Countdown 0 seconds in that case the user will not be warned in advance and he will not have any time
27. opportunity of having a graphical and schematic vision of the offices by using the planimetries of those like a point of reference to keep track of the devices position in a certain area In general a planimetry is a plan representation two dimensions of a space or a surface of a terrain or a territory of a building or a house of a machine or an object It concerns various scientific and technical disciplines and it is equivalent to the concept of map in technical drawing for small representations like in our case where we just represent some maps of a building If the administrator dispose of all the planimetries of the office in a digital format he can use them to have a simplistic overview of the reality If the reader would love to learn more about what we re talking about he can consult Uncini 2010 For the restricted purposes of this thesis it would be enough to know that it s advisable but not really necessary to give the application the possibility to store all the enterprises planimetry images More specifically the application should dispose of two distinct types of images ImageFloor a planimetry relative to a floor even of large dimensions of the office as shown in Fig X 37 PIANO TERRA Fig Example of planimetry relative to an office s floor e ImageArea a planimetry relative to an area preferably of small dimensions of an enterprise s floor For a correct and optimal functioning of ev
28. page is not directly visible to the user it just indicates the operations to carry out in order to send an UDP packet from the Client side to the Server side Application This page can be called in two separate cases when the user presses a button to modify the power level of a certain device from the page Once the button is pressed a request is sent to the Server side Application through the Client side code depending on what button has been chosen the application will set the power level of the desired device Once the operation has been done the page home php gets refreshed when the user wants to make one of the operations provided by the page services php The operations are the following Call Number Send Message Send Notification Depending on which operation has been chosen the Client side will send different messages to the Server side All the types of messages include the sender and receiver numbers and a message if needed Once the operation has been done the page services php gets refreshed gantt php 64 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing This page constitutes an exception compared to all the other pages presented so far This is not a proper PHP page indeed it s a graph built with JpGraph JpGraph is a Object Oriented Graph creating library for PHP gt 5 1 The library is completely written in PHP and ready to be used in any PHP scripts both CGI APXS CLI v
29. page through the server All these can run on an home machine if we are just experimenting with PHP programming e Command line scripting We can make a PHP script to run it without any server or browser We only need the PHP parser to use it this way This type of usage is ideal for scripts regularly executed using cron on nix or Linux or Task Scheduler on Windows These scripts can also be used for simple text processing tasks e Writing desktop applications PHP is probably not the very best language to create a desktop application with a graphical user interface but if the user knows PHP very well and would like to use some advanced PHP features in a client side applications he can also use PHP GTK to write such programs We also have the ability to write cross platform applications this way PHP GTK is an extension to PHP not available in the main distribution If the reader is interested in PHP GTK he can visit http gtk php net PHP can be used on all major operating systems including Linux many Unix variants including HP UX Solaris and OpenBSD Microsoft Windows Mac OS X RISC OS and probably others PHP has also support for most of the web servers today This includes Apache Microsoft Internet Information Server Personal Web Server Netscape and iPlanet servers Oreilly Website Pro server Caudium Xitami OmniHTTPd and many others For the majority of the servers PHP has a module for the others supporting the CGI s
30. telephone or send messages to whoever they want etc The application provides a Client side as well an employee can execute certain operations regarding himself so he can carry out a limited extent of EW operations The Client side is just usable concomitantly with the Server side which holds special internal procedures threads triggered by the client s requests We will go through the details of it later on at the moment it s just necessary to know that is not possible to use the web Client side application without launching the execution of the Server side one in advance The Client side Application mostly for usability reasons has been thought to be developed on the Loccioni s Intranet to be always reachable in a simple and fast way from the totality of the Company s employees The idea at the beginning was to add a functionality directly on the Intranet homepage by pressing a button the Client side Application would open and the user would have been able to use all its function from there Unfortunately a problem occurred the network administrator responsible for the Intranet management was quite busy in the last period mine and Michel s internship period started in February and ended in May 2010 so he didn t have much time to add the feature Anyway it will be provided soon we ll probably come back and work few more days in order to complete this part Why have we chosen to provide this application on the Intranet A normal clie
31. the Client Application attached folder with all the images that have been used on this thesis Cap 6 EW Server side Application The other side of the Application In the previous chapter we described the Client side of the EW Application It s not our intention to present the other side as well an extremely wide discussion of the Server side Application is given in Uncini 2010 Nevertheless the author of this thesis has partially collaborated to the realization of the Server side Application so he feels the need to report what he worked on in the next pages 72 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing We re talking about particular blocks that are integral part of the Server side but they can also be seen separately therefore it s possible to describe them one by one in a very manageable way In particular we are going to analyse in the order the part concerning the application graphs the part concerning the enterprise s mapping system the application that allows the power management of the enterprise s computers Graphs In the Server side Application s main window it s possible to visualize a constant presence that continuously upgrades and shows new results We re talking about an Area chart that represents the instantaneous power consumed relative to the network of telephones during the phase of monitoring In order to obtain the instantaneous power it s just necessary to send S
32. to associate a device and MAC Address with it to a number of events from 0 to N We can think about a generic event as an action to do at a certain instant of time the actions is in practice the choice of a new energy level at least for the current implementation like to shut down a device lev 0 and to switch it on lev gt 0 From this web page it is also possible to delete edit and add new events related to MAC Address of course these actions modify the Database which can be manipulated through the Server side Application as well By choosing one of the mentioned option Delete Event Edit Event and Add New Event the user is redirected to the page confirm php that we re going to describe in the next paragraph 62 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Scheduling SEP001BD4A05373 Logged in as Michel Time start 26 04 2010 00 00 79 Time stop 26 04 2010 12 30 Edit this event Energy level 11 Disabled Delete this event Time start 26 04 2010 13 00 up Edit this event 77 Time stop 26 04 2010 19 00 Energy level 1 Disabled 1 Delete this event Time start 26 04 2010 19 30 7 Edit this event 7 Time stop 26 04 2010 23 59 Energy level 11 Disabled Delete this event e Bs LOCCIONI 18 Fig schedule php page confirm php In this page the user can edit or choose new parameters of certain already existing events and receives
33. 2A Brown 2 Sleep 1 Hibernate Nonoperational 1 000000 Black 0 Shut Fig Category and Power Level table Up to now you cannot find on the market any new kind of device managing intermediate states Companies that have just started or are going to start to work on EnergyWise were assured by Cisco Systems that new phone models with this feature will be soon available In the meantime IOS provides commands for switching off on remote devices more in details if we give a Shut command zero energy 0 the device shuts down while all higher commands from Hibernate to Full 1 10 switch it on at full energy One of the most powerful and interesting operations which can be done by using EnergyWise is to send scheduling instructions to switches and routers In other words it s possible to dictate definite 18 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing schedules which the network devices have to follow For instance if we want to switch on an IP telephone at 8 00 in the morning and then to shut it down at 7 00 in the afternoon as it usually happens in many factories every weekday we just have to write the appropriate code and run the command That s all With a simple energy policy of shutting down devices for some hours a day a company will gain significant power usage savings In essence Cisco EnergyWise can utilize the network to act as a distributed programmable thermostat changing the power consumption
34. EPARTMENT SWITCHPORT N 1 IMAGEAREA In the hardware ambit a port serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices Physically a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug or cable connects So we are not talking about software ports like above this time is about physic ports It s easy to imagine that keeping track of the port on which a certain device is attached is very important Only knowing the name of the switch we can direct a Shut Down request on the right domain but we cannot operate on a specific object of that domain If we also know the switch port on which the concerned device is attached instead it becomes possible For instance if a telephone and only one telephone needs to be shut down or switched on in a certain instant it s enough to send a simple request to the application including the right coordinates A SwitchPort is unambiguously identified by two fields IndexPort and FkSwitch IndexPort represents the number of one of the physic ports of the switch for example in the Cisco Catalyst 3560G series PoE 48 apparatus which counts 48 ports the field IndexPort can vary from 1006 to 1053 48 is the number of Ethernet ports to which the devices can be connected actually 41 the switch counts 6 more ports indicated with numbers from 1000 to 1005 four for the connection with other apparatuses one for the power and the last one
35. Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI CAMERINO SCUOLA DI ATENEO IN SCIENZE E TECNOLOGIE Corso di Laurea in Informatica Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica Universita di Camerino 1336 ENERGYWISE TECHNOLOGY amp UUDM amp M INTERFACING TECNOLOGIA ENERGYWISE amp INTERFACCIAMENTO AD UUDM amp M Tesi di Laurea Sperimentale IN PROGRAMMAZIONE E RETI Laureando Relatore Francesco Lilli Dott Fausto Marcantoni Correlatore ING Mirco Angeletti ANNO ACCADEMICO 2009 2010 Table of Contents 2 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Chapter 1 Introduction 7 gt C ompany issues 7 gt I P Phones 8 gt F amous quotations 10 Chapter 2 Cisco EnergyWise 11 gt E W Technology 11 gt E nergyWise Networks 14 gt E nergyWise purposes 17 gt L ayer based scheme 20 gt W hy EnergyWise The Loccioni Group s answer 23 Chapter 3 The project 25 gt F unctional requirements 25 gt T he UUDM amp M product a brief overview 26 Chapter 4 EW Database 32 P reamble 32 gt E nergyWise Database 33 Company Office Department ImageFloor amp ImageArea Switch SwitchPort Event SchedulingType DeviceStatus SynchronizeMacs Chapter 5 EW Client side Application 54 gt O verview 54 34 35 36 39 44 45 46 47 51 51 gt HP amp Web Server 55 gt ppli
36. I 8 Fig login php page session php It s the page where we define the current session First of all let s define what it is and how important a session is inside a web application context Sessions are the simplest ways for user identifications from the moment when they get a connection to servers to when they interrupt the Internet connection or like in this case the Intranet one To be more clear let s imagine the following scenario we want to provide a password to an user for the navigation in a protected area and then we want him to surf the net on this area For each page we should insert the password again but we don t have to because the session is still active that means that the server we re working with remembers the password and it knows that we have the rights to do whatever we want The functioning of the session is very simple the server machine opens a session with the session_start function and assigns an univocal name to it The session variables are stored into a global array named _SESSION which is saved into a file with the same name as the session s name At the same time it stores a cookie inside the user s machine Every time the server needs some identification data it calls the cookie to go back to the session and to the saved file In practice we have a virtual memory on the server every time we interrupt the connection the server deletes everything included the cookie The page
37. NMP requests to the concerned switches the object of our interest has 1 3 6 1 4 1 9 9 683 1 6 1 8 as OID and cewEntEnergyUsage as name The description of this object says This object indicates the current usage for the Cisco EnergyWise entity This should be less than or equal to the power that can be consumed at that specified level For the definition of the graph we used a Visifire a WPF component specialized in the multi type graphs building among the available options Visifire allows the construction of several graph types such as pie bars area etc Its also possible to customise the selected choice through particular colours and graduated shadings labels to suggest what the Cartesian axes mean 3 D activation etc Here s the high level description of Visifire available in the homepage of the web site http www visifire com Visifire is a set of data visualization controls powered by Microsoft Silverlight amp WPF Visifire is a multi targeting control which can be used in both WPF amp Silverlight applications Using the same API charts in both Silverlight amp WPF environments can be created within minutes Visifire Silverlight Controls can also be embedded in any webpage as a standalone Silverlight App Visifire is independent of server side technology It can be used with ASP ASP Net SharePoint PHP JSP ColdFusion Python Ruby or just simple HTML Through the graphs it also possible to quantify th
38. S p A Id in Company 00003 Department Connections with other tables DEPARTMENT 1 N SWITCHPORT Well organized companies and not only can be defined as a set of departments working together for the same target and goals whenever required There could be several kind of grouping criteria in a general office based on the input of the industrial processes when several operative units are grouped according to the technical economic nature of the activities like in an enterprise Production Marketing Financial Administration Human Resources etc or to subject for example in a hospital General Medicine Ophthalmology Otolaryngology etc or to the applied technology based on the output of the industrial processes when several operative units are grouped according to final product or to the product s end market customer category geographic area based on the industrial processes when all the operative units are grouped together because they are working on the same task or process It s up to economists to go into the details of this matter The only thing we can say is that any enterprise should be partitioned into departments even when it doesn t seem really necessary In the EnergyWise field it s very important to consider a situation like this now we will explain why Let s take the company where we the undersigned and Michel Uncini have worked in the Loccioni Group and more specifically the office of Moie H
39. User Goal Execute an operation on the events regarding a certain device 1 User choose an operation on the events which can be one between the following ones Add Edit or Delete 2 System shows the relative page Extensions none Name Add Event Initiator User Goal Add an event for a certain device 16 User clicks the button for adding event 2 System shows a form which the user has to fill in 3 User fills the form with Start Time Stop Time Power Level 4 User confirms Extensions 4 Start Time or Stop Time does not exists or datetime overflow problem a System shows an error message 4 Start Time is equal or bigger than the Stop Time a System shows an error message 4 There s an already existing event which collides with the new one a System shows an error message Name Edit Event Initiator User Goal Edit an already existing event for a certain device 1 User clicks on the button for editing an event 2 System shows a form which the user has to fill in User fills the form with Start Time Stop Time Power Level 4 User confirms Extensions 4 Start Time or Stop Time does not exists or datetime overflow problem a System shows an error message 4 Start Time is equal or bigger than the Stop Time a System shows an error message 69 4 There s an already existing event which collides with the new one a System shows an error message 4 Event not found someb
40. al en introduction php JpGraph WebSite http www aditus nu jpgraph e Psshutdown web page http technet microsoft com en us sysinternals bb897541 aspx Gantt Diagrams kioskea net http it kioskea net contents projet gantt php3 e Gantt Diagrams Wikipedia http en wikipedia org wiki Gantt chart 88
41. already provided by IOS in order to make the company s IP phones management be easier and faster As an indication the main Server side application s functional requirements were at the beginning R1 windows based graphical interface to be preferably developed using WPF Graphical Subsystem to see Document 1 X e R2 possibility to manage the Loccioni network in its entirety which means to manage more offices together in particular the Loccioni network is used by Moie AN and Angeli di Rosora AN offices 25 R3 possibility to visualize and easily manage the locations of the telephones directly from the interface R4 possibility to shut down switch on the telephones instantly R5 possibility to execute certain scheduling policies on the telephones following various criteria for instance employee based and department based scheduling However all this would have been exclusively manageable by network administrators the only ones authorized to modify highly important settings The consequence is that an application like this one could be designed for server apparatuses only For this reason we decided then to add new functionalities to the application in order to give to all users employees working in the company the possibility to manage the power level of their own telephones by themselves and setting the associated schedules That s why we should now consider another functional requirement R6 possibili
42. and the other one is for the connection with the non PoE device It also has got a connector from where it takes the electric power added by the injector Two types of picker exist active and passive In the first one the voltage which comes from the injector is tuned according to the characteristics of the device that has to be powered The peculiarity of this type of picker is that the incoming voltage is transformed in a new one which is one of the standards 12V 6V or 5V DC In a passive picker the outgoing voltage has the same value as the voltage inserted by the injector EnergyWise Networks A typical EnergyWise network can be represented as in Fig X where type 1 devices are Management Stations typically Server stations which send requests and set parameters using the EnergyWise protocols type 2 devices are Domain Members intelligent devices which define the domain where we re operating on like switches and routers A domain is treated as one unit of power management and is similar to a network management community e type 3 devices are End Points which typically are simple client machines such as terminal PCs Access Points IP Phones even connected each other 15 Mes Fig EnergyWise Network By observing the scheme of a normal computer network and comparing it with the one in Fig X we won t find anything different or anomalous The difference resides in the required pro
43. applications WPF previously known as Avalon was initially released as part of NET Framework 3 0 Designed to remove dependencies on the aging GDI subsystem WPF is built on DirectX which provides hardware acceleration and enables modern UI features like transparency gradients and transforms Windows Presentation Foundation WPF provides developers with a unified programming model for building rich Windows smart client user experiences that incorporate UI media and documents It is a next generation presentation system for building Windows client applications with visually stunning user experiences With WPF programmers can create a wide range of both standalone and browser hosted applications it provides a consistent programming model for building applications and a clear separation between the user interface and the business logic The core of WPF is a resolution independent and vector based rendering engine that is built to take advantage of modern graphics hardware WPF extends the core with a comprehensive set of application development features that include Extensible Application Markup Language XAML controls data binding layout 2 D and 3 D graphics animation styles templates documents media text and typography WPF is included with Windows 7 Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 and is also available for Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later versions and Windows Server 2003 Windows Presentation Foundation WPF
44. are still not really useful because they do not give the users what they want or need they do not work the way that people want or expect them to work That s why we need a new diagram that explains exactly how the application internally works the way in which it is programmed The Statechart Diagrams allows to describe the dynamic behaviour of an object or a system They describe all the reachable states and how the state of the concerned object changes in relation to the occurrence of the events Therefore a statechart diagram is made by states and transitions A State is a situation during the life of the concerned object in which it satisfies a condition it executes an activity or it waits for a certain event A Transition is a relation which joins a start state and an end state not necessarily separate The transitions that go back to the same state are called self transitions A transition is labeled with three elements all optional Event Condition Action Event trigger the occurrence of a stimulus that can trigger a transition between states Condition guard logic expression to evaluate If from a state come out more transitions their conditions must be mutually exclusive Action it is associated to the transition it is considered a rapid process not interruptible from an event Again for a detailed description of the statecharts we suggest the reader to consult the book Software Engineering 8th editi
45. ation of smart scheduling policies is certainly the answer to e the increase of greenhouse gases produced by the Man s hand the increase of production costs for the companies All the characteristics the qualities and the advantages that a company could get by following EnergyWise policies have interested many companies In particular we would like to talk about the Italian Loccioni Group http www loccioni com historical Cisco partner for telecommunication and network fields a company with three branch offices in the Marche region Here is an article published by Il Sole 24 Ore dated 23 December 2009 http www loccioni com Portal Uploads rassegna 20stampa 2009 IL 20SOLE 2024 200RE_P RIMA 20PAGINA_ 20231209 pdf The second page of the newspaper is entirely dedicated to Enrico Loccioni the Loccioni Group founder Tl Sole 24 Ore is an important Italian national daily business newspaper owned by Confindustria the Italian employers federation It reports on business politics developments in commercial and labour law corporate news and features Website http www ilsole24ore com TSole 24 Ore zy 2005 N 353 2010 un anno perricominciare aea cre QUALI MODELLI PER LE PMI EE Hi tech L azienda 290 addetti si sviluppata nel biomedicale Crisi N licenziamenti n un giorno di sciopero in un anno Quell utopia riuscita di un ex elettricista Adriano Olivetti e Wer
46. ble to visualize 1 the devices MAC Addresses obtained through some queries to the Call Manager for further information about the Call Manager see the websites http www cisco com en US products sw voicesw ps556 and http www cisco com warp public cc pd nemnsw callmn 2 the device type represented by an icon which would be for example a phone if we want to represent a telephony device obtained taking into account the first ciphers of the MAC Address Different string initials mean different devices the abbreviation SEP is owned by telephony devices and this is an important thing to consider for the application s purposes The other abbreviations can be associated to generic devices but right now it s not so important to pinpoint them 3 the power level of the devices through the colour of specific buttons each one relative to a level This is obtainable through the collaboration of the two sides of the application the Client side this one and the Server side The Client side first sends a TCP packet which indicates the number n of devices we want to know the level of and then it sends n packets each one with a certain MAC Address now it will receive n packets each one with the power level associated to the device as answers From this page is also possible 1 to go in the part relative to the scheduling of the devices by pressing on the Schedule button 2 to modify the power leve
47. cation s Use Cases 60 gt pplication s pages description 61 login php session php home php services php schedule php confirm php socket php gantt php gt reation of a Gantt diagram 72 gt ilestones 73 gt se Case Descriptions 74 gt tate Chart Diagram 77 Cap 6 EW Server side Application 81 gt he other side of the Application gt 81 raphs 82 Statistics gt aps 87 Usage gt hut Down Application 91 PsShutDown Executable PsShutDown List of Commands PsShutDown Usage Acknoledgements 98 References 98 62 63 64 67 69 69 70 71 85 90 91 92 94 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Al mare Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Chapter 1 Introduction Company issues Among the troubles which the entire world s companies have to deal with the first one is usually represented by a too high cost to feed the industrial machines Reducing the energy consumption of the devices like routers switches computers modems etc is not that easy many device producers are focused on energy savings and make companies prefer devices of certain brands instead of others By the way this is often not enough Fig The matter of Energy Saving Let s take companies telephones as an example we will see how this thesis is mostly focused on this kind of devices Nowadays mobile phones are no more seen as simple vocal communication devices Of co
48. cation was realized either for Server side and Client side Substantially an event is something that should be executed in a certain date in a certain time In particular with the term something we mean the editing of the power level on a device therefore through events it s possible to define the exact instant when we want a device an IP telephone or a IP based video surveillance camera to change its own power level Events are connected with the SchedulingType table which is needed for understanding what kind of event we re going to deal with Actually this is the only connection in the EW Database but not the unique at all events are also connected with the Call Manager whereby we can univocally identify which device is referred through the MAC Addresses Cisco CallManager is the software based call processing component of the Cisco IP telephony solution The software extends enterprise telephony features and functions to packet telephony network devices such as IP phones media processing devices voice over IP VoIP gateways and multimedia applications Additional data voice and video services such as unified messaging multimedia videoconferencing collaborative contact centers and interactive multimedia response systems interact with the IP telephony solution through Cisco CallManager s open telephony application programming interface API For further information about it see the pages 42 Energywise Technology amp
49. cifies optional user name for login to remote computer Display message for the specified number of seconds before the shutdown If you omit this parameter the shutdown notification dialog displays and specifying a value of 0 omits the dialog Shutdown the computer or computers specified Shutdown the computers listed in the file specified PsShutDown Usage 83 So far we presented what it s possible to do by using the PsShutDown Application but we haven t said anything about how all of this can be useful for our purposes What we want is not a tool only manageable through command line A command line tool even if very easy to use remains really uncomfortable for the most of the people specially if there are several computers to manage to write every time all the PCs where to operate would be just for crazy people Fortunately something comes to help us it s C the same language used for the rest of the Server side Application With some C lines of code we can call an executable program such as PsShutDown and make it work giving to it the parameters it needs in a very comfortable way In particular we would like an application or better as we said a block inside the Server side Application very easy to manage that would make us pick up the computers we want and would make us choose all the parameters we prefer furthermore we want it to be manageable with a graphic interface which has to be as much user friendly as possible
50. cted devices Document I Power over Ethernet PoE What it is Power over Ethernet standard IEEE 802 3af is the ability for the LAN switching infrastructure to provide power over a copper Ethernet cable to an endpoint Powered Device This capability once referred to as inline power was originally developed and first delivered by Cisco in 2000 to support the emerging IP Telephony deployments IP Telephones like desktop PBX phones need power for their operation and Power over Ethernet enables scalable and manageable power delivery and simplifies deployments of IP Telephony As Wireless networking emerged Power over Ethernet was also used to power these devices to allow for deployments in locations where local power access did not exist While IP telephones and wireless access points are the most intuitive uses for PoE the advent of 802 3af standardization of PoE opens the door to a new generation of networked attached devices such as video cameras point of sale devices security access control card scanners building automation and industrial automation just to name a few PoE s working principle is really simple Ethernet and Fast Ethernet cables consist in four pairs of wires where two couples are used for data transmission and the other two couples are used for the power transmission Fig XX is showing two normal Ethernet cables with RJ 45 connectors the external wires the ones which are not inside the connector ar
51. ddress The usage of this type is very common a user can work in different offices of the Company so sometimes he is obliged to leave his normal workstation In this case he can define a device based scheduling where he says that he won t be in his usual office and his telephone can be shut down for a while This type is sporadic for the same reason as in the user based scheduling e SwitchPort based Scheduling schedulings for single devices which can be found through the switch s port number The only difference between this and the above scheduling is that it doesn t matter what devices is connected we re going to make power management operations on the port 44 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Q Scheduling setting a M Coarse grained Department User Priority Granularity Device SwitchPort nn Fine grained Fig Four scheduling types with associated priorities and granularity Fig X also suggests two important parameters the Priority and the Granularity The lower is the level the higher is the priority if a SwitchPort based event occurs at the same time of a Department based one the first to be executed will be the SwitchPort based event It s good to execute a small single operation before a huge and multiple one a single user who wants a particular event to be executed is supposed to have special needs while a big team of employees can wait for the normal execution The higher is the lev
52. delling and re engineering contexts other than in the software developing sector The spreading of the Use Cases has been immediate from the beginning Jacobson s proposal was accepted from the vast majority of the software developing experts both as an efficient working method for the requirements management and as a starting point for the analysis and the design in particular concerning the object oriented approach Use Cases became a fundamental UML component and a iterative processes element as well For a complete Use Cases and general diagrams description the reader can consult the optimal book Software Engineering 8th edition Addison Wesley Pearson Education Sommerville 2007 Without any explanation the following diagram Fig X would certainly be not that clear to the reader but later on he will have the possibility to comprehend all the application functionalities all the parts of which the application is composed will be described in details Just informally in order to get access to all the application s functionalities user must log in once the user is logged in it s possible to visualize what and how many devices are currently associated to him from here it s also possible to set device s power levels and to check both graphically and textually which events are associated to him its possible to make use of three telephonic services provided by the Server side application call number send message send n
53. dow XAML Extensible Application Markup Language XAML is a markup language for declarative application programming XAML files are XML files that generally have the xaml extension WPF implements a XAML loader and provides XAML language support for WPF types such that you can create the majority of your application UI in this markup In addition the SDK includes a XAML editing tool called XAMLPad You can use this tool to experiment with XAML in real time The ability to mix code with markup in XAML is important because XML by itself is declarative and does not really suggest a model for flow control An XML based declarative language is very intuitive for creating interfaces ranging from prototype to production especially for people with a background in web design and technologies Unlike most other markup languages XAML directly represents the instantiation of managed objects This general design principle enables simplified code and debugging access for objects that are created in XAML An important aspect of XAML is the code behind Code behind is a term used to describe the code that is joined with the code that is created by a XAML processor when a XAML page is compiled into an application The following XAML example shows how little markup is necessary to create a button as part of a UI The created button has default visual presentation through theme styles and default behaviours through its class design lt StackPanel
54. e pianificata Applicazione manutenzione Cpianif icata Applicazione non risponde Applicazione instabile he he he im MP gt MS S IND IND SD RP RI IR IR CD CS e UT rm mu us cC N IN EIOS CS Fig PsShutDown exe commands Syntax 82 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing psshutdown sl rl hl dl kl al Il o f c t nnlh m v nn e ulp xx yy m message u Username p password n s computer computer file Options u V computer file Abort a shutdown only possible while countdown is in progress Allow the shutdown to be aborted by the interactive user Suspend the computer Shutdown reason code available on Windows XP and higher Specify u for unplanned and p for planned shutdown reason codes xx is the major reason code must be less than 256 yy is the minor reason code must be less than 65536 Forces running applications to close Hibernate the computer Poweroff the computer reboot if poweroff is not supported Lock the computer Message to display to logged on users Specifies timeout in seconds connecting to remote computers Logoff the console user Specifies optional password for user name If you omit this you will be prompted to enter a hidden password Reboot after shutdown Shutdown without poweroff Specifies countdown in seconds until shutdown default is 20 or the time of shutdown in 24 hour notation Spe
55. e input power source typically the utility mains fails a PoE surveillance system which comprehends video surveillance cameras a control station and one or more switches routers would keep on working in case of a blackout If we want to obtain the same result with an hybrid system which works with both networks as well as electric power we would need to place each power point under the UPS control That would be an expensive operation in any case because the only things we can do are 14 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing to dislocate the UPS apparatus which is usually of huge dimensions and put it close to the devices or to cable a dedicated electric line Conversion kits All non PoE existing apparatuses can take advantage of this technology through a special conversion kit The kit is composed by a pair of parts The injector at the starting point has a very important task to add the electric power 48V DC standard to the free wires couples The injector has a link to the electric network and two LAN sockets one of these is for the cable which comes from the switch router hub or whatever point of the network depending on the equipment the other one is for the cable which has to be connected with the final device e The splitter or picker has to separate the power supply from the network cable The splitter has two sockets as well one is for the cable which comes from the injector
56. e amount of saved energy inside the enterprise in certain lapses of time and that s not all Here Fig X and 1 is how the graph relative to the instantaneous energy consumption is shown in different moments these graphs are taken from Uncini 2010 73 Consuming Energy usage g Watt 25 20 15 10 5 0 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Hour 9 Hour 9 Hour 9 Hour 9 Hour 9 Hour 9 Second 5 Second 10 Second 15 Second 20 Second 25 Second 30 Fig Area chart screenshot 2 IP Phones which consume 5 Watts each running without any power management Consuming Energy usage Watt 30 25 D 15 10 5 0 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Day 21 Hour 9 Hour 9 Hour 3 Hour 9 Hour 9 Hour 9 Second 0 Second 5 Second 10 Second 15 Second 20 Second 25 Fig Area chart screenshot 2 IP Phones which consume 5 Watts each running during a power management made through the Server side Application For demonstrative purposes we just used two Cisco phones both model 7940 In the first graph we can see that the two telephones together consume 10 Watts in stable conditions a Cisco 7940 consume 5 Watts indeed In the second graph we note that after shutting down and then switching on them they do not consume 10 Watts anymore they consume 14 Watts This is a peculiarity of all Cisco phones which at first consume more than the necessary in this case 7 Watts but after a while they regain stability conditions Stati
57. e those needed for the power transmission All the features of PoE devices are specified in the IEEE 802 3af standard Cisco offers a comprehensive range of 802 3af based Power over Ethernet support across its Catalyst Intelligent Switching portfolio Additionally Cisco Catalyst Intelligent Switches deliver Intelligent Power Management capabilities beyond the optional IEEE Power Classification feature to enable granular optimized and scalable power delivery for more efficient power management and prioritization of power delivery Power over Ethernet PoE promises to create a new world of networked appliances by providing power as well as data connectivity over existing Ethernet cables 13 nmm u Fig Ethernet cables with RJ 45 connectors Advantages PoE devices installation doesn t usually need any electrical power This means being totally flexible and often less expensive For example the best position where to put an Access Point would be somewhere close to the ceiling where it is not easy to find power points sockets This implies that we would need to build and cable a power point as well as a physical network cable All this wouldn t be necessary using PoE devices The simplicity of PoE electric structure is another advantage If under UPS control Uninterruptible Power Supply also Uninterruptible Power Source is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when th
58. el the most coarse grained is the granularity a department includes a set of Users a user owes a set of devices We can also say that a switch port works at a lower level than a device it s extremely easy to make some power management in a switch port since launching direct commands would be enough but if we want the same for a device we have to search for it first Further information about this matter in Uncini 2010 45 DeviceStatus Connections with other tables none This table represents the actual status of a device univocally identified through its MAC Address With the term status we mean an integer number which can assume values between 1 and 5 each one with a specific meaning The DeviceStatus table is used for the integration between the EnergyWise and IP Phone Services blocks inside the UTM System For a complete discussion of the matter see Uncini 2010 The only important thing to know is that the corresponding values of status are the following 1 Available the desired person is available 2 Shut Down the desired person is not available 3 Busy the desired person is temporarily busy he hopefully will be available soon 4 Meeting the desired person is at a work meeting 5 Don t Bother the desired person does not want to be disturbed SynchronizeMacs Connections with other tables none Let s see the last table of this EW Database SynchronizeMacs is a sort o
59. ere we can find essentially 5 departments Commercial the commercial employees task is to create and maintain commercial relations with other enterprises which operates either in the same and in different sectors and with actual and potential customers Moreover they establish the prices of the products and they also manage the economic budget Project Managers it consists of few elements the persons which have high responsibilities on the supervision of the projects In the particular case of Loccioni Group it s constituted by all those people with special qualifications and with responsibilities on following computer science mechanic and electrical projects from the beginning to the end 34 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Technicians all those people who work in the technical environment of the enterprise like electricians systems engineers computer hardware experts etc Generally this is the department which count the highest value of workers especially in the case of enterprises such as Loccioni Group Design includes all the engineers and designers who create industrial projects mostly software dedicated software enterprises internal software commercial software and electronic ones electrical panels and systems R amp D Research and Development the part of an enterprise people equipment financial resources dedicated to the study of new technological innovations for the imp
60. ername it would be necessary to insert just a short series of ciphers this is an advantage for the user that should not remember tough predetermined names or insert an internal e mail address as a username At the moment the password is the same for all the employees in the enterprise of course in the future each employee will have his own password for obvious privacy and safety reasons a system where whoever can have access to everything is of course not a good idea A login for its intrinsic nature does not always succeed In particular it s possible to identify four cases in where the user cannot log in 1 Password missing user has correctly written his own internal number but he did not insert his password 2 Wrong Password user has correctly written his own internal number but he inserted a wrong password 3 Internal Number does not exists user has inserted an internal number which does not exists inside the enterprise s database therefore it s not possible to retrieve information about any device 4 Impossible to connect to the remote application the Server side Application is currently not in execution or some problems occurred during the connection attempts A bug on the Server side Application can be an explanation about this kind of error which can be generated by a malfunctioning of the network connection as well 57 Hd d m eser CISCO Internal Number Password m LOCCION
61. ersions of PHP are supported The library can be used to create numerous types of graphs either on line or written to a file JpGraph makes it easy to draw both quick and dirty graphs with a minimum of code as well as complex graphs which requires a very fine grained control The library assigns context sensitive default values for most of the parameters which minimizes the learning curve For further information about JpGraph please visit http www aditus nu jpgraph The presented library also offers Gantt graphs support see Document XX The page gantt php contains the needed code for two types of queries 1 what events are associated to the devices of a certain employee with the limited extent of today s date 2 what events are associated to the devices of a certain employee in the totality of the events reported in the Database When the related button is pushed the graph gets visualized on screen How this is done depends on the web browser where we want the application to run on for example by using Internet Explorer v7 the graph is visualized in a new window while by using Mozilla Firefox v3 a new tab gets opened Anyway the graph will be displayed as in the example in Fig X On the left column all the employee s devices are given identified by MAC Address while at the top there s a timeline which is automatically managed by the library jpgraph gantt php this is the PHP page to call when we want to work with this
62. erything the best shape for the images would be a rectangle with a good graphic definition and the image should be very similar or better identical to the real area which it refers to a good example is the image in Fig Y which refers to the dashed block in Fig X 38 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Fig Y An ImageArea referred to the ImageFloor in Fig X At this point a question arises Why do we need to consider two types of images one for the big images and one for the small images It s a pure matter of usability The idea is the same but actually there are some differences between them especially of implementation Some parts of the Server side Application s code are simplified and easier to understand thanks to this distinction between floors and areas We will not go through the details of the code again for a more specific description of the problem see the Uncini s thesis Uncini 2010 The utilization of those two tables implies some more benefits Let s drop all the details about it which we will describe later on and let s give a short explanation about the long term idea Once the Server side Application is launched it s possible to choose which Company and which Office to refer to At this point one of the floors of the selected Office will be shown as a default we can now deicide which floor we do want to visualize Remember that the floor images are more pro
63. events can be sporadic or regular we haven t explained what types of scheduling are sporadic and which ones are regular though In Fig X we can see a strange representation of four scheduling types Department User Device SwitchPort e Department based scheduling it s possible to define global schedulings for entire departments These events are not definable through Client side but only through Server side Application only administrators can deicide about multiple timeplans since it s a very important operation Of course this is the perfect example of regular events User based scheduling global schedulings for all the devices owned by a single user If an employee in limited periods uses to go to work one hour earlier than the normal start time for its department he can specify his needs even from the Client side Application By using this kind of scheduling all the devices associated to a determined user will observe the event For instance if the user owns a telephone and an IP based surveillance camera he can define a user based scheduling to make both of them switch on at 8 00 a m and shut down at 5 30 p m even if the working hours of his department are from 9 00 a m to 6 00 p m This type of scheduling is sporadic since we assume that a user can have particular needs just for limited periods at most one week long Device based scheduling schedulings for single devices which can be found through their MAC A
64. f a log table very useful for keeping track of the actions that has been manually made on the network cables In a company we usually find well defined and fixed workspaces and each workspace has usually an associated telephone sometimes even more but it s a more rare situation In a stable situation the network administrator knows exactly the association between telephone and user but also the association between telephone and switch port Now what happen if this Phone SwitchPort association gets modified First of all note that Cisco IP Phones in table X can show all the information related to their own users thanks to the Call Manager Therefore from a whatever workspace by configuring just few simple parameters the telephone will show for example name and surname of the user and change its number according to the new user Now let s assume that the user A has one week off User B which temporarily cannot use his own phone it is out of order deicide to borrow user A s telephone he unplugs the Ethernet cable connected to user A s phone he take the device and plugs his own Ethernet cable to user A s phone At this point the Server side Application would receive a trap SNMP packet adverting him that on a certain SwitchPort a different telephone user B s has been plugged on the user A s one so now we have an anomaly which can be solved in two ways 46 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing assuming that the new te
65. fatto un ora di Cig In questafabbri mezzadriaincuil eticadel donosisowrap ca laboratccio all imbocco della Valle Esi poneva finoarisukareindistingubile alla na non il sindacato Nonche sia vieta raionalitaeconcmica Un mondo inparte to Semplicemente a nessuno venuto in sommerso inparteriemersodopounapro mente che possaservire C unimprend fonda metamorfosi sotto le spoglie di tore cheesporta il yom del suo fatturato 5 Ere dd provincia italiana p julante milioni di euro quest anno in linea amp ccoli imprendiori sorti dalle stalle e 2008 e nona una parola d inglese LV dai f pianterrenidellec case trasfoematiinof tecnologia i macchinari per preparare ficine mani e arguzie secolari piegate senza errori umani le dosidi chemio o all industria Avevamo quattro vacche diagnoeticare le malattie dal semplice re Ma ogni veniva spinto da una spiro e di ultime frcatiere innovative ca coppiadi animali La morte della vacca vo poco Nello scorso eserci io harea atoun utile netto di 1 8 milioni Lostes 50 inuncontestod generale crisi nera ca piter quest anno Soprattutto Loccioni un personaggio anomalo perch senza alcuna posa intel lettuale ma con lasemplicit delh uomo in che giorno alle prende mela la sboccia e la mangia ti parla di Valori di delocohaperta toin Italia alla crisi del modelo dellagran de impresae allaccnseguente
66. ftware designed for server machines it can be intended as a real Database with all the needed functionalities search insert delete for the tables management As we said we won t go through this argument for further information see Uncini 2010 47 Address cx IndexPort Locationx FkDepartment FkImageArea NameInSwitch OX BottomRightx _ Bottompighty Fig EnergyWise Database Structure 48 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Furthermore in a primal version of the application we used another table RAWLOG More than for data storage reasons this table has been essential for carrying out some measurement about the enterprise s energy consumption We will see more information and details about later on Chapter 5 EW Client side Application Overview Previously we said that the Unified Telephony Management product UTM is not only composed by the application written in C with WPF support This one is just the EnergyWise Server side of the total application it s designed to be used only by network administrators who have complete control of all the PoE devices and have all the privileges to do everything they want in the office or even the company they can set the power level of an employee s
67. he computer Creboot if poweroff is not supported gt Lock the computer Message to display to logged on users Specifies timeout in seconds connecting to remote computers Logoff the console user Specifies optional password for user name If you omit this you will be prompted to enter a hidden password Reboot after shutdown Shutdown without poweroff Specifies countdown in seconds until shutdown Cdefault is 20 gt or the time of shutdown Cin 24 hour notation Specifies optional user name for login to remote computer Display message for the specified number of seconds before the shutdown If you omit this parameter the shutdown notification dialog displays and specifying a value of omits the dialog computer Shutdown the computer or computers specified efile Shutdown the computers listed in the file specified p i ri hi di ki ai 1i o f c t nn y 1 u Username p password n s 1 s defined on this computer lt U unplanned P planned Major Minor Title filtro pianificato Altro Cpianif icato gt Hardware manutenzione Cnon pianificata Hardware manutenzione Cpianif icata gt Hardware installazione non pianificata Hardware installazione Cpianif icata gt Sistema operativo aggiornamento pianificato Sistema operativo aggiornamento Cpianif icato gt Sistema operativo riconfigurazione pianificata Sistema operativo riconfigurazione Cpianif icata gt Applicazione manutenzion
68. kind of graphs Inside the graph s body some bars are shown as in Gantt s philosophy they can change colour depending on the level the devices are supposed to adopt in that lapse of time By analogy with the standard Cisco EnergyWise colours and also for a better and simpler comprehension Lv 10 and Lv 9 red bar Lv 8 and Lv 7 yellow bar Lv 6 and Lv 5 green bar Lv 4 and Lv 3 blue bar Lv 2 and Lv 1 brown bar Lv 0 black bar 65 Programmed Activities for Device SEP001BD4A05373 26 Aer Tue 27 Aer Hed 26 Ror 029 for 00 00 06 00 12 00 18 09 00 00 06 00 12 00 15 99 00 00 06 00 12 00 18 00 00 09 06 00 12 00 10 00 SEP001804805373 Fig gantt php page Document IV Gantt Graph What it is A Gantt diagram is a graphical chart that allows to model the tasks planning for the realization of a project It was invented in 1971 by Henry L Gantt Since it is relatively simple to read the Gantt diagrams because of their structure this instrument is used by almost the totality of the Project Managers in all the sectors The Gantt Diagram represents an instrument for the PM that wants to graphically draw in a simple way the progress but it s also a good media between the sever actors involved in a project especially of big dimensions Creation of a Gantt diagram In a Gantt diagram each task is represented by a line while the columns represent the calendar days
69. l of the devices by pressing on the relative button By pressing a button we trigger an event which sends an UDP packet to the Server side Application which provides the event management the power level of that device will be modified 3 to go in the part relative to the Gantt graphs more of this later on 4 to go in the part relative to the Services described in the next paragraph 59 Welcome Michel Logged in as Michel You have 1 associated MAC Addresses Mac Address Color Label Actual Level Full High Reduced Medium A osspooisp AD S373 Frugal Low Schedul chedule Ready Standby Sleep Hibernate Shut EHE EE JM 3 LOCCIONI Fig home php page services php From this page we can carry out some simple operations on the enterprise s telephones These services are provided by the Server side Application so if we want to make use of them we must get the remote application s support In particular the provided services on the telephones are the following Call Number instead of calling an employee by typing a number on the telephone it s possible to launch a call through a computer Even if Cisco IP Phones provide on themselves an address book service it s always better to use computers for a better visualization The Call Numbe
70. le for the power management 35 Fig Timetable for the devices power management in the Commercial and R amp D departments relative to G I S r L Obviously it is quite difficult to find such an ideal and optimal situation since there will always be someone who for any reason might not respect his working time In any case it s possible to overcome these drawbacks through advanced management policies which can be defined both in the Server side and in the Client side applications The system can in fact be asked for a certain lapse of time as much as desired to switch on off the devices in a different timetable respect to the usual one In the next chapters we will come back to this specifying further details There s a last point to take into account we said that the departments are somehow connected to the offices More in detail it s a so called N N relation since an Office can have one or more Departments and a Department can be in common with more than one Office So at this point an obvious question arises why didn t we consider this simple connection in the EW Database It s mostly a matter of convenience Good database manuals teach us that a N N relation should be removed as soon as possible because it s hard to deal with it Let s mention how to do it briefly Fig Example of elimination of a N N relation In Fig X is shown one of the well known methods for the elimination of a N
71. lephone user is user B we can retrieve user B s information for setting the telephone s parameters we want the user A s information to stay in the telephone so we have to shut down the phone to avoid user B s utilization of it For further information about it see Uncini 2010 After an overview of this table let s see its fields Id unique identifier of the table OldMac the MAC Address of the device that used to be connected to the defined SwitchPort NewMac the MAC Address of the device that is currently connected to the defined SwitchPort IndexPort index port of the concerned switch SwitchPort IP Address of the concerned switch Name mnemonic name of the switch port There s no need for a link between SwitchPort and SynchronizeMacs unlike the sharp reader would expect The reason is simple the Server side Application can manage all the synchronizations without much help from the database This is kind of weird but if the reader would like to go through this he will find all the needed answers in Uncini 2010 As we said previously the EW Database is not sufficient on itself for the application s goals both Server and Client side The reason is that one of the minor requirements directly imposed by the Loccioni Group is that the internal numbers and the internal devices information even the MAC Addresses must be taken from Cisco Call Manager Even if the Call Manager is actually a so
72. ndividuals or companies other than the provider of the basic software Nowadays we cannot find a lot of third party applications on the IT market Only few companies in the world believe on the advantages that the research on the EnergyWise which implies important investments could bring We will come back to this further on LAYER 2 Management APIs those Application Programming Interfaces that are used for controlling and managing the energy levels of the network devices The Management APIs offer access to entire domains to pull power consumption and device efficiency information as well as location We will not go in detail though APIs matters an extensive discussion of everything you would like to know about is treated in Uncini 2010 LAYER 1 Network Software all the kinds of software that runs on the network devices which offer EnergyWise support With the software term we mean more properly the operating system O S which runs on these devices like we already said the EnergyWise technology is implemented on IOS operating systems from the version 12 2 21 Being an operating system designed for switches and routers IOS does not provide an user fiendly GUI Graphical User Interface on the contrary it provides a CLI Command Line Interface from which it s possible to set and to edit all the existing device s settings In order to have access to the IOS s CLI we can operate in several ways but the most sim
73. ner von Siemens nel Dna della Loccioni innovazione e governance allargata di Paolo Bricco glie Graviellaatvrea Anchesenon che Cizzati e per esempio compaiono nele alla fine fossi poi cosi contento vidi qual attivit edioriale che ha porta vevo cinque anni Una notte chesito industriale e hastas pubblicaz ione dei libri Un disor zo A stava partorendo una Oggilasua azienda ad Angeli di Rosora d Adrano Olivetti ai dipendenti si tratta di quell lo temo il giorno di Natale del toss La misura di un sogno l avwenura di Camilo Olivetti scritto dal contempora neita Carlo Lacakae l intervista del gior nalista Roberto Petrini a Giorgio Fun Uo mini e leader Queszo strano humaz ha ali mertato un modello di business che al di l della maggicee ominore serenit del po sto di lavoro e della soggettiva percezione di s da parte dic bigui preser la suacpe di dirla UN ia prodotto efficienza e utili netti in un 1901 1060 modelloindustriale che ha condottoalsu peramento della semplice brutale mate P ezdove deta Giver cose Olivetti o no mena Ve enne Ancona si occupa di misurazione e di 1 controllodigqualia di biomedicale e digre t sarono e portarono una vitellinz eneconomy Cilavorano2go persone Non Nulladi che Unricordodiunaciviltadella hanno
74. network many others The brand leader of this new generation phone is without any doubts Cisco Systems with its powerful IP Phones Let s see what we are talking about IP Phones An IP phone uses Voice over IP VoIP technologies allowing telephone calls to be made over an IP network such as the internet instead of the ordinary PSTN system Calls can traverse the Internet or a private IP Network such as that of a company The phones use control protocols such as Session Initiation Protocol Skinny Client Control Protocol or one of various proprietary protocols such as that used by Skype Thanks to the Internet capillarity it is possible to merge different offices of the same company in a unique telephonic system a single station allowing the interconnection between employees in different offices around the world IP Phone systems assure important cost savings by unifying voice and data in a unique network The system maintenance can be even done in a centralized way furthermore thanks to the VoIP services which offer important discounts on the normal phone fees you can have an efficient line rental saving IP phones can be simple software based Softphones or purpose built hardware devices that appear much like an ordinary telephone or a cordless phone Ordinary PSTN phones are used as IP phones with analog telephony adapters ATA It may have many features an analog phone doesn t support such as e mail like IDs for contacts tha
75. notifications about the success or the failure of a certain operation More precisely 1 if the user wanted to delete an event from the database he receives a confirmation of successful cancellation or an error message related to the database 2 if he wanted to add an event on the database he receive on his screen an input form in which he can enter all the information related to the event such as start date and time stop date and time power level to set Once the form is filled in and the button Submit gets pressed the event gets processed and inserted into the database if there are no errors in somewhere if there are an error message is displayed like in the cancellation case 3 if he wanted to modify an already existing event the procedure to follow is analogous to the one for inserting The difference lies in the fact that the old parameters are given as a default for instance in Start Time we will find the old date and the old time in such a way that if the user would like to modify just a small portion of the event the operation would be simpler faster and more user friendly 63 Start Time Logged in as Michel Date 2010 04 26 Time 00 gt 00 Stop Time Date 2010 04 26 Time 12 30 7 Energy Level BENIN gt 6171819 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 Confirm 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Lj LOCCIONI JUB Fig confirm php page socket php This
76. nt software application would be too onerous for the network administrator that should install a software package on each computer of the enterprise it s needless to say that a lot of enterprises count thousands of computers inside them It s always a good thing to avoid software packages installations when possible A web site on Internet from which we can do all the operations wouldn t be a good idea neither without an operational Internet service it would not be possible to apply any ot the provided operations 49 PHP amp Web Server Since the internal Intranet of Loccioni Group is totally built in PHP the Client side of the UTM Application uses PHP as well as a programming language in this way it becomes simple to integrate the software solution presented here with the already existing Intranet For a general overview about PHP concepts and functionalities see Document X We initially chose the remote web server IIS Internet Information Services This is a good product from Microsoft really simple to install and to configure on Windows machines A first version of our client application has been built with IIS web server support later on when we tried to make the application be more portable we realized that IIS is not optimal in our case so we started to use Apache Since web servers is not the main matter of this thesis in the following few lines of this paragraph we ll give just some concepts about it Microsoft s IIS and i
77. ody has deleted the event a System shows an error message Name Use Service Initiator User Goal Use one of the services provided by the Server side Application for the telephones 1 User clicks on the button for going into the Services section 2 User types the telephone number of the receiver and the eventual message to send him User confirms his choices 4 System shows a new section now the user can choose the operation to do 5 User clicks on one of following buttons depending on his intentions Call Number Send Message Send Notification Extensions none Name Send Message Initiator User Goal Send a message to an employee inside the enterprise 1 User clicks on the button for sending a message Extensions none State Chart Diagram So far in this section we have seen the Use Case diagrams and related discussions They are absolutely useful to describe the high level behaviour of an application but they don t discuss the hidden mechanism of the system They are made for describing all those things that a user can see we can see how the system reacts when the user does something or when some external event occurs but most importantly we make sure that the system actually does something important and 70 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing useful The problem with so many systems is that they may satisfy many or most of their stated requirements but
78. of devices and business control systems based on time of day The network keeps time and thus can be the timer for connected devices Consider a 5 000 employee business all equipped with IP phones and 500 WLAN APs By simply powering down IP phones and WLAN AP for ten hours per evening plus holidays and weekends this firm would save some 40000 per year by reducing their electrical energy consumption by 423 500kW assuming 0 12 per kWh That is the CO2 equivalent of planting 200 000 trees or preventing some 12 000 mid size automobiles from emitting annual emissions into the atmosphere The cost and CO2 savings increases significantly as non PoE and non IT devices become Cisco EnergyWise compliant since IP Phones and WLAN AP represent less than 2 of total corporate energy consumption Let s see in the following table Tab XX some of the most important and interesting IOS commands and functions O S versions gt 12 2 For a more specific and complete discussion of the EnergyWise commands have a look on the link http www ciscosystems com en US docs switches lan energywise phase2 ios configuration guide ew_v2 pdf the complete Cisco developed guide for generic EnergyWise configurations Command Purpose show energywise Verifies the entries energywise domain domain name secret 0 7 Enables EnergyWise on the entity assigns the password protocol udp port udp port number entity to a domain with the specified domain inte
79. oftware for Linux systems the kernel version does matter every new version is an improvement of the previous one so it s mathematical that a newer version of the kernel would guarantee better performances than an older version for NT systems we can say the same as above but concerning the Service Pack unfortunately not all the benchmarks report which SP version was used but as we said before it s obvious that a newer version implies better performances For further information the reader consult the excellent website http server html it guide lezione 2241 apache iis vs apache i benchmark which also reports interesting benchmark results taken from real machines experiments 51 used open source general purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML But what does that mean An example lt DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC W3C DTD HTML 4 01 Transitional EN http www w3 org TR html14 loose dtd gt lt html gt lt head gt lt title gt Example lt title gt lt head gt lt body gt lt php echo Hello World qx body html The code above will print Hello World in a blank webpage Instead of lots of commands to output HTML as seen in C or Perl PHP pages contain HTML with embedded code that does something in this case prints output The PHP code is enclosed in special start and end processing instructions lt php and
80. on Addison Wesley Pearson Education Sommerville 2007 71 request serk an error occurred parameters checked internal not given pwd not given wrong pwd parameters checked session dosed internal sent application disconnected parameters checked ok internal amp password inserted ick on services button request sent ok refresh home php entry send internal to server cick on schedule dojget owner and MACs dojsend number of devices __ dolget device levels amp print tables dick on home ee Jf dick on add x P i cick on delete HM um 4 d siete S erkryjget associated events session dosed dicken edt d P f x confm given parameters cal number mm po o dkk on home button send notification N N gantt button source home show today s graph cick on gantt button source shedule source confirm show overal graph faction delete execute actor c diete edt show edt form L action add action edt 8 amp 8 parameters ck show response action add action edit 88 Form filed j check parameters dick on gartt button The resolution of the statechart above could not be very high For a better comprehension see the Fig State Chart Diagram relative to
81. onic and power consumption information using customizable reports and Intranet integration 4 UTM Unified Telephony Management package for the complete management of telephonic devices constituted by two parts EnergyWise PoE devices power profiles management and consumption information collection IP Phone Services suite of manageable phone services like instant messaging and phone calls between computers in a network 26 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing The initial project at this point has been extended firstly we just had to deal with the EnergyWise section but now the Uncini Lilli project can be seen as the sum of the EnergyWise and the IP Phone Services section which is called UTM The project we re going to analyse is this one UTM In particular in this thesis we re going to explore half of the EnergyWise section which is the Client side Application By the way speaking of the UTM project in its entirety another functional requirement should be added to the ones we already talked about e R7 possibility to administrate a messaging service and internal phone calls directly through the companies computers making use of and user friendly and Skype like interface Note that this service is not included in the EnergyWise section as we re talking about the second point IP Phone Services However the service is closely related to the EnergyWise section if we run
82. or selection and budgeting with clients including Barclays Bank Microsoft Kaiser Permanente Sprint Worldcom Cigitel Cisco Systems Nortel Networks Lucent Technologies 3Com Avaya Eastman Kodak Company Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC Hughes Aerospace Liberty Mutual Schering Plough Camp Dresser McKee and many others 11 Chapter 2 Cisco Energy Wise EW Technology Cisco EnergyWise is an innovative technology presented by Cisco in January 2009 during the prestigious Networkers an event known all over the world for the modernity and the importance of its treated topics EnergyWise allows to automatize the energy regulation on various types of IP devices by using the PoE technology see Document 1 X Power over Ethernet PoE The technology encompasses a highly intelligent network based approach to communicate messages that measure and control energy between network devices and endpoints The network discovers Cisco EnergyWise manageable devices monitors their power consumption and takes action based on business rules to reduce power consumption EnergyWise uses a unique domain naming system to query and summarize information from large sets of devices making it simpler than traditional network management capabilities Cisco EnergyWise s management interfaces allow facilities and network management applications to communicate with endpoints and each other using the network as a unifying fabric The management
83. ork sockets and interact using any other protocol PHP has support for the WDDX complex data exchange between virtually all Web programming languages Talking about interconnection PHP has support for instantiation of Java objects and using them transparently as PHP objects We can also use our CORBA extension to access remote objects PHP has extremely useful text processing features from the POSIX Extended or Perl regular expressions to parsing XML documents For parsing and accessing XML documents PHP 4 supports the SAX and DOM standards and we can also use the XSLT extension to transform XML documents PHP 5 standardizes all the XML extensions on the solid base of libxml2 and extends the feature set adding SimpleXML and XMLReader support At last but not least we have many other interesting extensions the mnoGoSearch search engine functions the IRC Gateway functions many compression utilities gzip bz2 zip calendar conversion translation For further information please visit the PHP Project homepage http php net index php Application s Use Cases 54 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing The Intranet application is constituted by 8 web pages written in HTML PHP code Most of them have a corresponding style sheet CSS for a clear and simple programming style Each web page has a well known role that we re going to describe in the following pages without going through the code details In Fig
84. otification 55 lastly it s possible to make the three fundamental operations on the events delete edit and add new ones Chent Application ss lt lt include gt gt 7 i lt lt include gt gt lt lt include gt gt lt lt include gt gt s indude User a indude ES c mer De sm gt Me Fig Client side Application Use Case Diagram UML Representation Application s pages description We will go on with the explanations on the previous diagram Fig X later on Let s describe now the PHP pages goals one by one Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing login php It s the login page the first in chronological order to appear once the Client side Application is launched As in all the login pages user name and password are requested in order to get access to the main page the Home page The matter of the username inside Loccioni Group is really simple to manage Each person of the enterprise immediately after his hiring both real contracts and internships for students gets an internal univocal identifier This number generally made of three or four ciphers is also used as a unique telephonic number for rapidly tracing the colleagues This approach is obviously not used by all the enterprises in the world however the Client side Application has been built thinking on this kind of structure All of this means that as a us
85. pe it can assume different kinds of value for instance if the scheduling is department based Value will assume department names and if it is device based it will assume the devices MAC Addresses and so TimeStart timestamp of the moment in which the event should start TimeStop timestamp of the moment in which the event should end EnergyLevel power level 0 10 that we want to give to the specified device during the lapse of time between TimeStart and TimeStop Disabled boolean value which indicates whether the event is enabled or disabled This value is at the beginning setted to 0 that means enabled because we assume that an even as soon as it s defined is surely enabled and it can be executed once the determined time is come Once the TimeStop time is come the event is disabled Disabled 1 What happens next If the event is sporadic Disabled won t come back to 0 anymore It will reside in the Event table until the time somebody will delete it this to allow future searches on the past events which can be very useful to the administrators for many reasons If the event is regular Disabled comes back to zero at midnight This is to say that the event is still active and it will be executed again every day not festival days SchedulingType 43 Connections with other tables SCHEDULINGTYPE N 1 EVENT The SchedulingType table is thought for a better organization of the events As we said the
86. perly entities of the ImageFloor table Directly on the image of the floor some rectangular edges will be shown which delimit the areas where you can click on in order to get access to the corresponding ImageArea The rectangular edges are defined by four coordinates TopLeftX and TopLeftY the corner at the top in the left side of the rectangle BottomRightX and BottomRightY the corner at the bottom in the right side of the rectangle As we said to each floor corresponds one or more ImageAreas The fact that a single ImageArea should be of small dimensions is important mostly for these two factors a better supervision and comprehension of the administrator about the environment he wants to monitor and manage e a very reduced expense of machine instructions for the processors Once the image is loaded the computer would also load all devices residing in that area of course the less are the devices the less is the work to be done by the processor The operation of loading is very complex 39 and expensive on itself so it would be better to load the minimal number of objects in order to make the execution time be as much faster as possible Another advantage of using this approach is that paying the needed attention the dead zones do not get defined When we look closely to a planimetry of a floor we can realize that there are some zones in where nobody will ever put a phone ex in the middle of a garage or of a space used
87. ple and direct one is to connect the switch router to a generic computer and then to manage everything through Hyper Terminal If you are new to this handy tool take an introductory glance about it at http www avitresearch co uk USBTTL hyperterminal htm LAYER 0 Client Software the software that runs on the client apparatuses like IP Phones IP Cameras computers etc that allows the execution on the EnergyWise instructions and commands that come from the network At the moment it s possible to operate just with the telephones specified in the Tab X above and with some IP based video surveillance camera models Third Part Power Management Applications e am Fig Layer based scheme of the EnergyWise applications functioning inside the networks Why EnergyWise The Loccioni Group s answer In this chapter we had a general but quite effective description of the EnergyWise world even without using a technical and detailed language Curious readers can have all additional information on the mentioned websites see References section which this thesis has got information from That would give a much more exhaustive answer to all possible questions At the moment there s no need at all for further general informations about the topic 22 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Subjects like energy consumption often excessive have been widely discussed for a long time and the applic
88. projects in clearly defined phases avoiding too long deadlines generally the managers talk about tunnel effect to describe a project with a long deadline but without intermediate expirations A milestone can be the production of a good document the definition of a date for a meeting or the delivery of a demo project a demonstrative project with some partially working functionalities The milestones in a Gantt diagram are actions without a duration represented as a particular symbol usually a reversed triangle or a lozenge Pos Descrizione attivit Inizio Ls 1 Acquisizione ordine 2007 0307 2007 0307 11 Apertura commessa 2 Acquisto materie prime 20070315 200705 21 Lamiere 2007 0307 2007 03 15 2007 03 15 2007 0528 21 Forgiati 21 Bullneria 2007 0322 2007 06 14 2007 0507 2007 06 20 21 Guarnizioni 3 Costruzione 2007 06 15 2007 0620 2007 0307 2007 0315 31 Calandratura lamiere 32 Formatura fondi 2007 0528 2007 0628 2007 06 12 2007 07 04 Saldatura 2007 07 04 2007 0807 Assiematura bocchelli 35 Assiematura generale 2007 07 30 2007 08 10 2007 0820 2007 0907 4 Collaudi 41 Esame LP 42 Ispezione Rx Prova idraulica 2007 09 17 2007 09 19 m 5 finitura 2007 09 24 2007 10 19 51 Vemiciatura 2007 09 10 2007 09 19 2007 09 10 2007 09 12 2007 09 12 2007 09 14 2007 0924 2007 09 27
89. puter Science The undersigned wrote this hopefully interesting thesis while the other wrote the excellent thesis manual UUDM amp M Unified User Device Management amp Monitoring Modulo SNMP amp IP Phone Services Uncini 2010 In the following chapters we will mention and redirect on the argument treated on Michel s thesis since it goes through many details which are not treated in here 24 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Energy Wise Assegnato il progetto Energy wise Saranno Michel Uncini e Francesco Lilli a portare avanti il progetto di tesi sulla nuova tecnologia CISCO Energy Wise Entrambi hanno gi vissuto l esperienza Classe Virtuale con il Gruppo Loccioni durante gli studi superiori presso l ITIS di Jesi Oggi sono studenti al terzo anno di informatica all Universit di Camerino e dopo un esperienza Erasmus in Svezia hanno deciso di accettare la nostra sfida tanto lavoro da fare ed i nostri tutor tecnici saranno disponibili per aiutarli In bacca al lupo ragazzil Fig The short article published on people loccioni com Chapter 3 The project Functional requirements At the beginning Loccioni Group s idea was to develop a completely manageable EW platform designed just for network administrators so it would have been just a Server side application The platform should have provided an user friendly graphical interface GUI conversely from the command line interface CLI
90. r service allows users to call a person by typing a number on the keyboard of a computer from the Server side Application it is also possible to call more than one employee at the same time and this service will be implemented in the near future in the Client side Application as well Send Message it s possible to send messages from a computer to a phone device Messages are sent through HTTP protocol so the length of each message must be at most equal to the available space in a HTTP packet Send Notification it s also possible to send just ring notifications from a computer to a phone device Of course this is the less important functionality but it still can be useful in an enterprise ambient it represents for example the fastest way to remind something to an employee which is not very close to your workspace Further information about these services in Uncini 2010 Users can get access to this page by pressing the Services button in home php The page services php will be visualized on screen showing a form with two entries one for the telephone number employee s internal number we want to communicate with and one for the optional 60 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing message First of all we need to insert the number and the eventual message and then to confirm our choices After that three new options will appear on the right Call Number Send Message and Send Notification
91. r consumption and CO2 emissions in an effort to not only reduce energy costs but to also be respectful of global environmental concerns To assist business leaders IT suppliers are delivering products that consume less energy while offering new IT delivery approaches such as data center virtualization to reduce cooling and power demands Cisco Systems has taken a broader approach to energy management by delivering a power command and control architecture called Cisco EnergyWise which seeks to provide business and IT leaders with the tools to measure manage and control the power consumption of all devices connected to the corporate network Further EnergyWise seeks to connect facility heating air conditioning lighting and other non IT systems systems that consume the largest proportion of corporate energy in an effort to provide IT leaders with the tools and means to manage their overall energy consumption from the introduction of the report Controlling Corporate Energy Consumption via the Enterprise Network Nicholas John Lippis III 2009 Note Nicholas J Lippis III is a world renowned authority on advanced IP networks communications and their benefits to business objectives He is the publisher of The Lippis Report a resource for network and IT business decision leaders to which over 40 000 business and IT executive leaders subscribe He has advised numerous Global 2000 firms on network architecture design implementation vend
92. r the stability and consistency of data 3 Modify the power level of a device by right clicking on a device a context menu is shown through which it s possible to choose the new level ex option Switch Off to set the level to 0 shutting it down option Full Energy to set the level to 10 switching it on Everything is done through SNMP packets that get sent into the network they constitute the heart of the application which is also based on the EW Database and on the enterprise s Call Manager as said before Shut Down Application What Cisco EnergyWise can do is what we described so far At least for the moment it s possible to manage the power consumption of telephones IP based video surveillance cameras and not so much more devices moreover in many devices it s not possible to specify any power level different to 0 device shut down and 10 device at full energy The biggest power consumers in an enterprise like computers routers switches etc cannot be supervised and managed on the energy consumption field yet Cisco Systems is currently working on the realization of standards de facto and new network protocols that will make all this possible one day It is kind of useless to say that the work done so far is not really sufficient to guarantee important and very advantageous savings inside an enterprise The simple operation of shutting down the phones can be an help but way more significant savings could be reached
93. rface interface id ip ip address name and sets the password for secure communication among the entities in the domain secret 0 stands for unencrypted password default 7 means hidden password port specifies the UDP port that sends and and receives queries interface specifies the port from which the EnergyWise messages are sent ip specifies th IP address from which the EnergyWise messages are sent copy running config startup config Saves the new entries in the configuration file energywise management udp port number Specifies the UDP port that sends and receive queries The range is from to 65000 the default is 43400 19 energywise level evel Manually sets the level of the port energywise level level recurrence importance importance at minute hour day of month month day of week Schedules the recurrences importance sets the importance of the port in the domain The range is from 1 to 100 the default is 1 minute the range is from 0 to 59 Use for the wildcard hour the range is from 0 to 23 Use for the wildcard day of month the range is from 1 to 31 Use for the wildcard month the range is from to 12 Use for the wildcard day of week the range is from 0 Sunday to 6 Saturday Use for the wildcard energywise query importance importance keywords word word name name collect sum delta usage Runs a q
94. rovement of old products and old work processes and most importantly for the creation of new technologies and products Very often in order to achieve their goals employees are allowed to utilize advanced tools of development very expensive safety certifications specialized software for the computer assisted development electrical projects and mechanical sub systems LOICCICINI JUG Fig Loccioni logo One of the reasons which have prompted the Loccioni Group to invest financial capitals for the research on the EnergyWise technology is that in general the working hours of employees from different departments are not the same Therefore we can theoretically switch off certain telephones when they are not utilized if we know the working hours of the employees of that department gaining a good energy saving For a better comprehension let s think about the real case of the Office of Moie a k a General Impianti S r L Commercial employees start to work at 9 30 a m and they can go home after three hours at 12 30 p m the R amp D programmers on the contrary start at 8 30 a m and go home at 6 00 p m with a break starting at 12 30 till 2 00 p m This is a perfect example for explaining how EnergyWise can help the enterprises to save money since by applying a good power policy it could be possible to save a lot of energy electric power By using the presented UTM Application we could think of defining the following timetab
95. s to the owner s initials i e the user Antonio Rossi will be referred as A R Fig Spheres and labels on an ImageArea To give an exhaustive description of the workspaces is not the labels objective The real objective is to easily find an employee just giving a simple look at the scheme If we would want to know further information about the devices we just have to move the mouse over the location of a sphere a tooltip will immediately appear showing more details such as the owner s complete name device s MAC Address associated Switch and SwitchPorts Once we have an ImageArea at our disposal and once all the associated devices are loaded it s possible to carry out a series of operations 1 Adding a workspace given Switch and SwitchPort in input the system asks the user to indicate the exact position of the device the position should be as more as possible faithful to reality in order to avoid unpleasant issues in the future using the mouse pointer As soon as everything is determined some SNMP requests are sent to the Call Manager to obtain the employee s name and the device s MAC Address This action can be also seen as a test of data 79 consistence because if new data gets loaded in an unexpected way there s a problem in somewhere which has to be solved 2 Deleting a workspace indicated a device this one will be deleted from the map Note that inside the Call Manager nothing is actually deleted in order to not endange
96. session php is not directly visible to the user the control is putted into the hands of this page for few instants just the time to define the global variable that are essential for the correct functioning of the application Once everything is setted up the control is immediately given to the page home php The session is essentially defined by a certain internal number and a certain 58 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing password these elements together constitute the variables that have to be used for the entire duration of the connection It s possible to check whether the two types of login errors missing or wrong password are occurred or not directly from this page Moreover if in a certain point of the execution the user decides to close the session he gets redirected to this page where the session with all its variables gets destroyed In this way the next user which for hypothesis is a spiteful person cannot get access to the previous user s information by clicking on the Back button of the web browser all the information have been deleted so in order to get access again it s necessary to carry out a new login home php It s the application s main page in where it s possible to get access directly after the correct definition of a session This page shows all the information relative to an user s devices for instance if a user owes three devices three tables will be shown in where it s possi
97. stics We previously mentioned something about the RAWLOG table in the EW Database but we did not explain its functionality Well we made use of this table to conduct a sort of poll and to verify how much energy can be saved using EnergyWise policies 74 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Thanks to the help of some colleagues in Loccioni Group we found a way to conduct the experiment in a very comfortable and easy way by organizing a simple workbench For this workbench we utilized the following components Calibrated electric power measurer Switch Cisco Catalyst 3560G 48 PoE ports IP Phones Nr 1 Cisco 7906 Nr 2 Cisco 7911 Nr 3 Cisco 7912 Nr 28 Cisco 7940 Nr 2 Cisco 7960 Nr 1 Cisco 7970 The measurer internally holds a minicomputer more specifically a PLC Programmable Logic Controller which is able to send the collected data to RAWLOG table adding a row for each measurement This has been done in two phases as described below 1 WITHOUT ENERGYWISE USE we measured the total energy consumption which is the sum of the consumptions of the switch and the 37 telephones for a week without EnergyWise policies usage 2 WITH ENERGYWISE USE we measured the total energy consumption which is the sum of the consumptions of the switch and the 37 telephones of the subsequent week this time applying EnergyWise policies More specifically we keep the telephones at full energ
98. t may be easier to remember than names or phone numbers Fig Cisco 7940 Series IP Phone IP Phones consume today an average of 5 W Watt at full energy This is nothing compared to the average consumption of a normal computer around 70 W or even much more if we consider the most powerful machines Let s consider now a big company which counts more than 1000 employees Assuming that each employee of this company has a telephone and a computer the energy consumption that we daily obtain is at this point Single Telephone Consumption Single Computer Consumption Nr of Employees Daily Work Hours C 5 70 1000 24 1 800 000 Wh We can also round up the above proposed figure to 2 000 000 Wh taking into account that a big company which makes a large use of computer networks usually needs further devices like switches and routers they absorb something like 130 W which is really much There s no doubt that an amount like this 2 000 000 Wh attracts more attention Let s see now how much would be the consumption if we apply intelligent or wise policies Let s assume the following scenario the working hours of a company are 10 even considering the eventual extra working time of some employees This company using the phones just for as long as necessary 8 hours per day would consume as following Single Phone Consumption Nr of Employees Daily Work Hours Telephones Single Computer Consumption
99. tandard PHP can work as a CGI processor So with PHP we have the freedom of choosing an operating system and a web server Furthermore we also have the choice of using procedural programming or object oriented programming or a mixture of them Although not every standard OOP feature is implemented in PHP 4 many code libraries and large applications including the PEAR library are written only using OOP code PHP 5 fixes the OOP related weaknesses of PHP 4 and introduces a complete object model One of the strongest and most significant features in PHP is its support for a wide range of databases Writing a database enabled web page is incredibly simple The following databases are currently supported Adabas D dBase Empress FilePro read only Hyperwave IBM DB2 Informix Ingres InterBase FrontBase mSQL 53 Direct MS SQL MySQL ODBC Oracle OCI7 and OCI8 Ovrimos PostgreSQL SQLite Solid Sybase Velocis Unix dbm We also have a database abstraction extension named PDO allowing us to transparently use any database supported by that extension Additionally PHP supports ODBC the Open Database Connection standard so any other database supporting this world standard can be connected PHP also has support for talking to other services using protocols such as LDAP IMAP SNMP NNTP POP3 HTTP COM on Windows and countless others We can also open raw netw
100. the Gantt diagram of a specified device regarding the current day 1 System opens a new window or a new tab depending on the OS showing today s events using a Gantt diagram Extensions 1 No planned events for the current day a System shows an error message 68 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing 16 User clicks of the buttons 11 in total which represent power level 2 System shows the same page with the new power level at the chosen device Extensions 2 Failed sending request something wrong with the Server Application a System shows the login page b System shows an error message Name Visualize Scheduling Initiator User Goal Visualize the planned events for a certain device 1 System shows the overall planned events for the chosen device Extensions 1 No planned events for the chosen device a System informs User that there are no events planned and suggest him to create one Name Overall Gantt Initiator User Goal Show the Gantt diagram of a specified device speaking about the overall situation I System opens a new window or a new tab depending on the OS showing the overall events using a Gantt diagram Extensions 1 No planned events for the device a System shows an error message 1 Too much events are planned impossible to report the overall situation in a graphical way a System shows an error message Name Make Operation Initiator
101. the UTM application in a server machine it should be possible to call the general section IP Phone Services directly from the EnergyWise section not vice versa at least in this first version the first section cannot run without the second one These services should work together and help each other if needed as a unique application In the following figure Fig X is shown an high level scheme of the UUDM amp M structure In this thesis we will not go into the details of the UUDM amp M product since our intention is just to build a small portion if the entire system which could communicate with all the provided services For further information about this brand new product can be found in Uncini 2010 So now let s tell clearly what will be presented in this thesis later on In particular we will try to go through the following aspects EnergyWise s Database block which is an important component of the section and everything concerning it Chapter 4 Client side Application which relies on the company Intranet Chapter 5 Demonstration graphs through which we have measured in practice the energy savings due to the application of EnergyWise policies Chapter 6 Company s mapping system Chapter 6 Small application for the company s PCs power management Chapter 6 27 What it is The Windows Presentation Foundation or WPF is a graphical subsystem for rendering user interfaces in Windows based
102. tocols support for EnergyWise owned today only by some switches of the Catalyst series and by few Cisco IP Phones The tables X and Y report the devices that support the technology What make these switch models special is the particular IOS version which resides in them Cisco IOS originally Internetwork Operating System is the software used on the vast majority of Cisco Systems routers and current Cisco network switches earlier switches ran CatOS IOS is a package of routing switching internetworking and telecommunications functions tightly integrated with a multitasking operating system IOS versions older than 12 2 do not provide EnergyWise support for a correct functioning and behavior the switches listed in Table X require an IOS 12 2 52 SE release or an even bigger one and the EnergyWise Specification version 0 6n It is important to underline that devices with EnergyWise support don t compromise their usual functions In other words EnergyWise and not EnergyWise switches can live together without any problems All EW management requests will be understood interpreted and replied by EW switches while the other switches will not understand what they are asked to do 16 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Fig Various models of Cisco Catalyst From top to bottom 2960 24TC L 3560E 24PD 2960 48TC L 3560E 48PD E Catalyst 3750 E switches Catalyst 3750 switches except Catalyst 3750G 24WS
103. ts competitor Apache developed by a volunteers team from the ashes of a previous project are undoubtedly the two most common web servers on the net The main difference between them is the platform they are developed for IIS is for Windows based servers while Apache is for the great Unix family A point in favour of Apache could be the effort partially successful of porting the web server on not native platforms for example Windows systems obviously the best performances can be obtained on native platforms but it s rumoured that Apache has a very good behaviour on not native ones The battle between these two web servers has always been opened consequently nowadays there s also a strong dualism between the two operating systems which support the platforms Windows and Unix And like in all the dualisms each one considers its own product to be the best 50 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Fig IIS vs Apache a strong dualism between the two webservers is still taking place First of all we should say that the hardware used for the tests is determinant for the benchmarks Obviously we are talking about machines with the same potentialities but obviously if a system is optimized for having better performances on a machine configured in a certain way and with certain installed hardware there s no chance for the others Furthermore talking about both Linux and NT systems we should say something about the s
104. ty of every single user to manage the power level of their devices through the already existing company s Intranet From now on we re going to call Server side Application the program which satisfies the first group of requirements R1 R5 and Client side Application the one which satisfies the last requirement R6 It s important to understand right now that we re talking about two different and separate applications with distinct purposes and partially different functionalities that cooperate for the achievement of the proposed goals The UUDM amp M product a brief overview After a short period of working on the project which means on the Server side and Client side applications development we realized that Cisco IP telephones offer a lot of possibilities in terms of their management We are not talking about possibilities for EW purposes only but even for many other interesting ones Thanks to a thorough research on the subject a programmers work team of the Loccioni Group have created a first version of the total product named UUDM amp M Unified User Device Management amp Monitoring The product comprehends several blocks listed below 1 Records italian Anagrafiche management of the company s address books devices inventory User Company s Organization Chart association 2 Totem collection and analysis of telephonic paths 3 Reporting italian Reportistica presentation of teleph
105. uery to display power information for the domain entities and PoE ports importance filters the result based on the importance value Only entities with values less than or equal to the specific value appear keywords filters the result based on one or more of the specified keywords name filters the result based on the name collect simply display the delta or usage values for the entities and PoE ports sum display the sum of the delta or usage values for the entities and PoE ports delta the difference between the current and available power usage usage the current power usage energywise query importance importance keywords word word name set level level Runs a query to power on or power off the domain entities or PoE ports Everything like above but this set level set the power level of th entities or PoE ports The range is from 0 to 10 no energywise interface configuration Disables EnergyWise on the PoE port show energywise children domain events neighbors recurrences statistics usage version Verifies particular details about the entries children the status of the entity and the PoE ports in the domain domain the domain to which the entity belongs events the last 10 events messages sent to other entities in the domain neighbors the neighbor tables for the domains to which the entity belongs 20
106. ular images of the enterprise s floors An ImageFloor is divided into one or usually more ImageAreas which represent particular floor portions Fig ImageArea relative to a specific workspace which is part of the floor Primo Piano The distinction between these two types of image is necessary we already went through this argument in Chapter 4 EW Database section ImageFloor amp ImageArea paragraph Usage As we previously said through maps usage it s very simple to visualize in a graphical way the workspaces of the employees and relative device positions Once the concerned ImageArea has been chosen the image gets loaded on screen successively some requests to the Database are made in order to obtain the devices positions relative to the particular image Some little spheres get loaded in previously chosen positions each of them represent a device at the moment we will just mention telephones and are coloured in different ways depending on the actual power level of the device green if the level is 10 full energy red if the level is 0 shut down black if the application 78 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing is still trying to retrieve the power level refreshing phase Successive versions of the EW Application will also provide the rest of the colours when it would be possible to effectively choose one of the 11 possible power levels Under each sphere we can find a label that relate
107. urse they do have communication functionalities but they also guarantee many additional features messages alarms reminders calculators GPS navigators even game consoles The matter of companies phones is quite similar a lot of companies have abandoned the old just for calling telephones to leave the field to the new generation ones which work like small computers By using these kind of devices we unfortunately occur in some economic disadvantages The higher is the complexity of a certain device the higher are the market costs as well as its maintenance costs Moreover in order to guarantee all those services not only telephony the new generation phones require electrical power while the old ones only need the network one Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Obviously if we just mention the disadvantages of the new phones it would be impossible to explain the reason why they are having such a success all around the world The new generation phone has actually a lot of advantages also e possibility to send and receive messages even in broadcast possibility to save incoming and outcoming phone calls e possibility to create a telephone book possibility to make DataBase queries for example if you want to download instantly all the company s employees telephone numbers without making any storage inside the phone possibility to visualize images on the screen or even better to send them through the
108. weeks or even months of working depending on the project duration The estimated time for an action is represented on a horizontal bar the left end of this bar is positioned on the scheduled start date the right end on the scheduled completion date The tasks can be sequential one by one or executed in a parallel way When the tasks are sequential we can represent prior relations through an arrow which starts from the action in point and goes to the final one The final task cannot be executed before the end of the action in point As an action progresses the bar which represents it gets gradually filled proportionally to its progress level In such a way it s possible to rapidly have an overview of the project s progress by tracing a vertical line in correspondence to the current date Therefore the completed actions are on the left side of this line the not yet started ones are on the right while the actions currently in progress are crossed by the line If something 66 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing does not comply with this model there must be something wrong in the major part of the cases the action is late Milestones It is also possible to highlight in the planning some other important events besides the action themselves which constitute a fundamental point for the project we re talking about the milestones The establishment of the milestones allows the Project Managers to split the
109. which to make the desired operations 2 the computers should be connected through a network in some way 3 the user who wants to make these operations should have the permissions to do it Regarding the point 3 if the application s user does not have administrator permissions or in general not enough permissions he will not be able to do anything on remote PCs but only on the user s one PsShutDown List of Commands The following is the list of PsShutDown v2 52 commands The reader can also find it by writing psshutdown exe from the Windows console 81 Microsoft Windows Versione 5 1 2600 lt C Copyright 1985 2661 Microsoft Corp C Documents and Settings Lillo gt psshutdown exe PsShutdown v2 52 Shutdown logoff and power manage local and remote sys Copyright lt C gt 1999 2006 Mark Russinovich Sysinternals wuw sysinternals com sage hutdown s h m v nn e Lutp xx LI L 1 computerl computerl y m mes TCS ie a Abort a shutdown Conly possible while countdown is in progress m Allow the shutdown to be aborted by the interactive user d Suspend the computer e Shutdown reason code Cavailable on Windows KP and higher Specify u for unplanned and p for planned shutdown reason codes xx is the major reason code must be than 256 yy is the minor reason code be than 65536 Forces running applications to close Hibernate the computer Poweroff t
110. with the power management of devices with a huge need for energy such as the computers So we can just say let s give Cisco some more time But what can we do while we re holding on PsShutDown Executable PsShutDown is a command line utility similar to the Shutdown utility from the Windows 2000 Resource Kit but with the ability to do much more It is part of a growing kit of Sysinternals command line tools that aid in the administration of local and remote systems named PsTools PsShutDown requires no manual installation of client software in order to install the component just copy PsShutDown onto your executable path and type psshutdown with command line options defined below This executable program freely downloadable from Internet at http technet microsoft com en us sysinternals bb897541 aspx allows users to make the following operations on Windows computers Suspension 80 Energywise Technology amp UUDM amp M Interfacing Hibernation requires Windows 2000 or higher Poweroff Lock requires Windows 2000 or higher Logoff Reboot Shutdown without poweroff Moreover it s possible to specify the collection of computers on which to perform the shutdown the operations time out and much more Of course there are some requirements to observe in order to take advantage of these services on remote computers 1 the user who launches the application should know the IP address or the PC s name on
111. y 2009 the marketing managers of the company have been fascinated by this new technology Mirco Angeletti Loccioni Group s marketing manager at Moie office AN explains as follows the reasons for such a big interest on the topic 23 Nowadays the energy consumption monitoring is becoming Fig Mirco Angeletti more and more important even for the enterprises Immediate consequence of that is the research of the areas with the highest percentage of power absorption inside the enterprises such as the datacenter thermal installations and lastly but not in importance order the desktop equipment e g all the technical equipment normally related to the workspaces where we estimated an average consumption of 70 Watt per user independently on the users activities Thanks to the data network by this time present in all the production activities we can even monitor the user s and his equipment s state and intervene on the power management if needed M Angeletti Encouraged by the fact that just few other companies decided to invest on the EnergyWise project being this in a not so mature phase the Loccioni Group has decided to leave the development of an application program for functionalities tests to two internship students The two individual in question are the undersigned and Michel Uncini both Computer Science Technology students at the University of Camerino http www unicam it Department of Mathematics and Com
112. y from 7 30 in the morning to 08 00 in the afternoon shutting them down for the rest of the time the switch has been setted up to have full energy during all the time because it wouldn t be possible to define EnergyWise policies on an switch out of order In Fig X we can see the energy trend during the first and the second week of workbench we have in black an example of energy consumed during the first week where the consumption is more or less the same at any time in a day and in red an example of energy consumed during the second week where during the time mentioned above there s an energy consumption completely assimilable to the switch s activity 75 Energy comparison 0 2 0 18 0 16 0 14 0 12 0 1 0 08 0 06 0 04 0 02 55 1 13 21 2 41 18 45 8 5 21 25 10 45 0 5 13 25 2 45 16 5 5 25 6 41 20 1 9 21 1 25 14 45 4 5 17 25 6 45 20 5 9 25 22 45 a Without EnergyWise usage L Using EnergyWise Fig Energy trend during EnergyWise utilization Thanks to a simple application written in C we obtained the result in Fig Y The image shows the total energy consumed in the first week without EnergyWise usage and the one consumed during the second week with EnergyWise usage at the end of the workbench experiment Stacked Column Graph Energy kWh 60 Consumed Energy So Far kWh N e m 0 y Using EnergyWise Without EnergyWise usage Day 8 3 2010 Day 8 3 2010

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