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Unison CDMA Network Time Server User Manual

1. 22 Configure NTP se sante nn a id ne Bear AE 22 MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup 22 Create the nip keys File E E A ln 23 Configure NTP Suse E 23 Broadcast Multicast NTP Client Setup 24 Configure NIP en de mn hr 24 Chapter Four Setting Up NTP Clients on Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 27 Basic NTP Client acs ee 28 Configure NIP sales E AR ne n e ei 28 MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup 29 Create thenip keys sans M E E a ane 29 Configure taana a ar e r 29 Broadcast Multicast NTP Client Setup 30 Configure NTP cea ose en Pied a eA ann ed n e ware 31 Chapter Five Control and Status Commands 33 General Linux Shell Operation 33 Available User Commande eee PS 34 Detailed Command Descriptions 35 Men 35 Unison CDMA User Manual cdmachannelset cdmaleapconfig cdmaleapmode
2. 7 Installing the 8 Mountthe Unison 32 2 8 Connecting the DC Power Option 9 Installing the Antenna 9 Connecting and Configuring Ethernet 9 Configuring Ethernet with the Serial Port 10 Unison CDMA User Manual Connect the RS 232 Serial I O Port 10 Serial 10 Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP 13 Verify Network Configuration 15 Check Network Operation 16 Using Telnet cesses cee Weste 17 N 17 Configuring the Network Time Protocol 18 Configuring NTP Using the Network Interface or Serial Port 18 Configuring the Unison as a Stratum 2 Server 20 Chapter Three Setting Up NTP Clients on Unix like Platforms 2 Basic NTP Client Setup
3. 66 Appendix Time Figure of Merit TFOM 67 Appendix F Third Party Software 69 GNU General Public License 69 NTP Software License 74 Unison User Manual Appendix Serial Time Output 75 aeg 75 Truetime Format 56 76 EndRun Format sr ee era 76 EndRunX Extended Format 77 NENA Formar seele wees 78 NMEA Format ehe 79 Appendix H Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 8 a ee nc en ne 81 Configuration and Status 81 Configuring Using the Network Interface or Serial Port 81 Status Using the Network Interface or Serial Port 83 Operation D 83 About PTP Second and UTC Time 84 Software License 85 Appendix I Specifications 87 Special Modif
4. i Trademark Acknowledgements i About This ii Warran SERIEN ii Extended Warraniy ass Ree Ss ii Limitation of Warranty ii Warranty Repair 24 35 ode sl ead tices PGR ead awed ili Repair After Warranty Expiration ili Limitation of Liability iii EndRun Contact Information ili Chapter One Introduction CDMA Timing How li Works Where to Use Re sce adalah 2 se ecu rampes MEN 2 Performance Reliability and Economy 2 Flexibility nee 2 Easy Insiallation 2a an ia ea he de Oe 2 Free FLASH Upgrades nr ee a Lit te 3 Chapter Two Basic Installation 5 Checking and Identifying the Hardware 5 Unison Physical Description 6 Performing an Initial Site Survey
5. GNU General Public License EndRun DES ON TECHNOLOGIES AppendixF Third Party Software The Unison is running several different software products created and or maintained by open source projects Open source software comes with its own license These are printed out for your informa tion below The license for the GNU software project requires that we provide you with a copy of all source code covered under the GNU Public License GPL at your request Please contact us with your request and we will mail it to you on a CD We will charge you a fee for our incurred expenses as allowed for in the license GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead You can apply it to your pro
6. Unison CDMA 6010 0042 000 v 1 00 Wed May 9 14 17 44 UTC 2002 Unison CDMA root cntp gt This last line is the standard Unison CDMA shell prompt The Unison uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the cntppasswd command issued from the shell prompt If you do not see characters displayed by your terminal program within 30 seconds after the unit is powered up you must troubleshoot your setup An incorrectly wired cable or incorrect port setting in your terminal emulation program are the most common problems Refer to Chapter 5 RS 232 Serial I O Port Signal Definitions for the signal connections for the Unison You must use a null modem cable or adapter if you are connecting the Unison to another computer or oth er equipment configured as Data Terminal Equipment DTE The supplied cable is a null modem cable Once you have successfully established communications with the Unison you may procede to con figuring the network parameters Then you can communicate with the Unison over the network using telnet or ssh and synchronize your network computers to UTC using NTP Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP The following is a sample transcript which illustrates the use of netconfig The entries made by the user are underlined and are provided purely for illustrative purposes You must provide equiva lent entries that are specific to your network T
7. WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRAN TIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECES SARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 INNO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAM AGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM AGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 73 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX NTP Software License Information about the NTP Project led by Dr David Mills can be found at www ntp org The distribution and usage of the NTP software is allowed as long as the following copyright notice is included in our documentation The following copyright notice applies to all files collectively called the Network Time Protocol Ver sion 4 Distribution Unless specifically declared otherwise in an ind
8. quit close the ftp session after transfer If you are using ssh you may open a command window on the remote computer and securely trans fer the root file system image using sep from the remote computer to your Unison command like this should be used scp p 6010 0041 100 bzimage root cntp your domain tmp The kernel upgrade utility is executed with a single argument passed on the command line the path to the previously uploaded kernel image file For example upgradekernel tmp 6010 0042 100 bzimage 55 Unison CDMA User Manual Performing the Upgrade APPENDIX B The kernel upgrade utility verifies the integrity of the file reads the kernel version information pres ents it to you and asks you to verify before replacing the old kernel image If you verify it will then erase the old image and write the new one in its place The erase and write operation takes about 10 seconds A power failure during the kernel erase and write operation would render your unit unbootable It is highly advisable to plug your unit into a UPS while performing the kernel upgrade To perform this upgrade log in as the root user to the Unison using either the local console serial I O port telnet or ssh and perform these operations Change the working directory to the tmp directory cd tmp If you are using tp to perform the upgrade transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to the worki
9. 192 168 1 2 Setting up TCP IP Creating etc HOSTNAME Creating etc rc d rc inetl Creating etc networks Creating etc hosts Creating etc resolv conf LA 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 The Unison CDMA network configuration has been updated Please re boot now for the changes to take effect 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 L 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 Verify Network Configuration If you have made changes to your network configuration using netconfig you should shutdown the Unison and re boot it There are two ways to do this 1 Cycle power to the Unison 2 Issue the shutdown with re boot command at the shell prompt Unison CDMA root cntp gt shutdown r now If you are using the RS 232 serial I O port to communicate with the Unison you will be able to see the kernel generated boot messages when the unit re boots You should note the line Configuring eth0 as 192
10. Disabling IPv4 packet forwarding Starting daemons syslogd klogd inetd Starting the Network Time Protocol daemon Starting the SNMP daemon Starting the system logfile manager Starting the system watchdog woof 12 Unison CDMA User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION During this process the factory default UnisonCDMA 0 root file system is loaded from FLASH disk to an 16MB ramdisk and the remainder of the boot process completes At this point the Unison login prompt is displayed 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 202 Welcome to Unison CDMA console on cntp your domain Tue Feb 20 2001 21 47 03 UTC FRI KK KK RI RI IRI RIKI RIK IKI KIKI III IIT KI KT KT KIKI RI RI RI RIKI RIKI TIERRA cntp login Here you may log in as cntpuser with password Praecis or you may log in as the root user with password endrun_1 When logged in as cntpuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files In order to perform system setup procedures which includes configuring the IP network settings you must log in as the root user After correctly entering the password at this prompt password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Unison CDMA and shows the software part number version and build date
11. EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Smarter Timing Solutions Unison CDMA Network Time Server User Manual Unison CDMA Network Time Server User Manual Preface Thank you for purchasing the Unison Network Time Server Our goal in developing this product is to bring precise Universal Coordinated Time UTC into your network quickly easily and reliably Your new Unison is fabricated using the highest quality materials and manufacturing processes avail able today and will give you years of troublefree service About EndRun Technologies EndRun Technologies is dedicated to the development and refinement of the technologies required to fulfill the demanding needs of the time and frequency community Founded in 1998 and headquartered in Santa Rosa California EndRun Technologies is the undis puted leader in the time and frequency distribution technology based on the Code Division Multiple Access CDMA mobile telecommunications infrastructure With innovative designs and painstaking attention to the details of efficient manufacturability EndRun is the first to bring this technology to the broad synchronization market at prices small businesses can afford The instruments produced by EndRun Technologies have been selected as the timing reference for such rigorous applications as computer synchronization research institutions aerospace network quality of service monitoring satellite earth stations and calibration laboratories EndRun Te
12. Non zero only when the Timemode is Local is the Timemode character and is one of G GPS L Local U UTC is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A Unison CDMA User Manual EndRunX Extended Format SERIAL TIME OUTPUT The EndRunX format is identical to the EndRun format with the addition of two fields the cur rent leap second settings and the future leap second settings The following string is sent once each second TYYYY DDD HH MM SS zZZ m CC FF lt CR gt lt LF gt T is the Time Figure of Merit TFOM character described in Appendix E TFOM This is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second is the year DDD is the day of year 15 the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour 55 is the second of the minute Z is the sign of the offset to UTC implies time is ahead of UTC ZZ is the magnitude of the offset to UTC in units of half hours Non zero only when the Timemode is Local m is the Timemode character and is one of G GPS L Local U UTC CC is the current leap seconds value FF is the future leap seconds value lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character Ox0A 77 Unison CDMA User Manual Format APPENDIX G NENA is the United States National Emergency Number Association This organization has adopted seve
13. Cecember 22 2004 Full Name David J Lobsinger Position Hardware Engineering 91 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX I 92 Unison User Manual EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Special Modifications Changes for Customer Requirements From time to time EndRun Technologies will customize the standard Unison Network Time Server for special customer requirements If your unit has been modified then this section will describe what those changes are This section is blank 93 Unison CDMA User Manual SPECIAL MODIFICATIONS 94 Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Smarter Timing Solutions 2270 Northpoint Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95407 TEL 1 877 749 3878 FAX 707 573 8619 www endruntechnologies com
14. movement of the antenna just a few centimeters can sometimes cause significant signal strength changes 7 Unison CDMA User Manual Installing the Unison CHAPTER TWO Initially upon power up 1 The unit will light the red Alarm Status LED for about ten seconds 2 Then it will continuously light the green Sync Status LED 3 When the unit has detected aCDMA signal the green Sync Status LED will begin to flash very slowly about a 4 Hz rate 4 As the unit locks onto the CDMA signal and begins to decode the timing data the green Sync Status LED will flash very rapidly about a 6 Hz rate until the data is fully decoded 5 Then the green Sync Status LED will pulse at precisely a 1 Hz rate synchronized to UTC seconds with a short on duration relative to the off duration At this point the CDMA time and frequency engine has fully synchronized and you may proceed to permanently mounting the chassis and antenna in the desired location If this sequence has not occurred within twenty minutes you should move the antenna and or change its orientation and re try If you are unable to find an antenna location where the unit will acquire the CDMA signals you may not have cellular coverage in your area or the signal might be too weak in your facility First using the setcdmachannelset command try changing the channelset on your unit to operate with the PCS frequencies If you are still unable to receive signals you should con tinue to
15. option 38 72 Vdc 1 5A maximum 3 position terminal block on rear panel DC IN SAFETY GROUND DC IN Floating power input Either or can be connected to earth ground Size Chassis 1 75 x 17 0 W 10 75 D Antenna 2 Dia at base x 14 H Weight lt 5 Ib 2 70 kg Environmental Operating Temperature 0 to 50 C Operating Humidity 0 to 95 non condensing Storage Temperature 40 to 85 C 88 Unison CDMA User Manual SPECIFICATIONS Optional Outputs See Chapter 2 Physical Description for more information on this output 1PPS Positive TTL pulse into 50Q Width User selectable to 20 us 1 ms 100 ms 500 ms Accuracy lt 10 microseconds to UTC when locked Stability TDEV lt 50 lt 10 seconds Connector Rear panel BNC labeled 1PPS AM Code 1 Vrms into 50Q 1 kHz carrier Signal Amplitude modulated AM 3 1 ratio Format User selectable to IRIG B 120 IEEE 1344 122 123 NASA 36 2137 Connector Rear panel BNC labeled CODE Prog TTL Pulse Rate Positive TTL pulse 50Q on BNC jack Rate User selectable to 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 5M 10M PPS and Timecode Duty Cycle 50 except for IPPS which mimics the 1PPS Output defined above Accuracy lt 10 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Stability 0 t lt 10 for t lt 103 seconds o t lt 10 6 for gt 103 seconds Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled
16. port on your hub Do not connect it to a crossover port on your hub By factory default the Unison will attempt to configure the ethernet interface automatically via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP The Unison will attempt to set the netmask its IP address the IP address of the default gateway the domain name and the IP addresses of any nam eservers if the DHCP server is configured to provide them You may optionally configure the Unison to also set its hostname via DHCP if your DHCP server is configured to provide it You can do this by running a simple shell script called netconfig after your unit is up on the network If your network does use DHCP for host configuration and you are in a hurry to get your Unison up and running you may procede to Verifying Network Configuration to make sure that the network Unison User Manual CHAPTER TWO parameters were set up correctly Otherwise it is recommended that you read the following sections on use of the RS 232 serial I O port now since they will help you in debugging any problems that you may encounter with the automatic configuration via DHCP If your network does not use DHCP you will need to configure your ethernet interface using the RS 232 serial port The following sections contain brief descriptions on how to do that Configuring Ethernet with the Serial Port To configure your ethernet interface with the serial port after logging in as
17. 168 1 245 if you have set up a static IP address or this line Attempting to configure eth0 by contacting a DHCP server if you are using DHCP It appears near the end of the kernel generated boot messages If you are using DHCP and are not using the RS 232 serial I O port you will have to check the DHCP configuration information maintained by your DHCP server to determine the expected IP ad dress and log in to the Unison using telnet or ssh to verify successful DHCP configuration Refer to the subsequent topics in this section Using Telnet and Using SSH for details on logging in to the Unison that way Once you have logged in you may perform the following checks If you are not using DHCP the IP address shown should match the static IP address which you entered during the netconfig procedure If so log in as root at the login prompt and check the other configuration parameters using ifconfig Unison CDMA root cntp gt ifconfig etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 0E FE 00 00 34 inet addr 192 168 1 245 Bcast 192 168 1 247 Mask 255 255 255 248 15 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER TWO UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 3779 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 727 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 100 Interrupt 5 Base address 0x300 lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 3924 Metric 1 RX packets 170 er
18. 192 168 1 245 This line tells ntpd exe to use the NTP server at address 192 168 1 245 in addition to any other servers which might also be configured in the ntp conf file Re start ntpd exe to have it begin using the Unison server By default the NTP installation pro gram installs ntpd exe as a service called Network Time Protocol and starts it You must use the Services utility in Control Panel to stop the Network Time Protocol service and then re start it Use the NTP utility ntpq exe to check that ntpd exe is able to communicate with the Unison By default it is installed in the Program Files Network Time Protocol sub directory of your Windows NT 2000 XP partition From a console window after issuing the command ntpq you will see the ntpq exe command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Unison server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment If you have other peers configured verify that the offset information for the Unison server peer and your other peers is in agreement to within a few milliseconds assuming that the other peers are syn chronized to that level of accuracy It may also be useful to start the NTP daemon in debug mode ntpd d to confirm successful con
19. 3 seconds you should see a capital character appear When you do hit the lt enter gt key Now the script will initiate the XMODEM file transfer and display this message to the console Starting file upload should take about 60 seconds After about one minute you should see this message from the script sbin upgradecdma line 26 27618 Terminated cat lt dev arm_user You should see the CDMA sub system startup message now If not you may need to check your binary file and re perform the procedure The first message should be ignored It is only reporting that one of the intermediate processes of the script execution has been terminated The next message informs you that the CDMA engine file transfer has completed and that its start up messages should appear First the bootloader message will appear Tempus Bootloader 6010 0050 000 v 1 00 May 28 2004 17 31 05 In about ten seconds the CDMA engine application start up messages should appear FW 6010 0020 000 v 1 00 Aug 18 2004 10 47 41 FPGA 6020 0005 000 v 0202 The firmware version should match that of the binary file that you uploaded At this point the up gradecdma script terminates its execution and you will again have the standard Unison console prompt After about one minute you should query the CDMA firmware version using the command cdmaversion The upgraded version information should be displayed Should you have difficulties with the upgrade due
20. 30 dB larger than those from the GPS satellites which is why you can usually talk on your cell phone indoors Due to the nature of the IS 95 spread spectrum CDMA modulation scheme this timing information may be extracted by a well designed receiver with a precision of few nanoseconds The CDMA time and frequency engine in the Unison does just that and for this reason we call our technology indirect GPS First the Unison must be deployed in a cellular or PCS IS 95 CDMA coverage area Cellular is a commonly used term implying that the frequency band for the base station carrier transmissions is 824 895 MHz This is in contrast to PCS which implies operation in the 1850 1990 MHz frequency band If available the Unison uses the cellular frequency band because it provides much better propagation characteristics in regards to building penetration and maximum receivable range from the transmitter In regions lacking cellular coverage the unit can be set to receive the PCS signals In general if your CDMA telephone works where you plan to install the Unison then your Unison will work properly there Because the Unison has been designed to operate in conjunction with existing public domain NTP SNTP client software that has been created for use with similar time servers it may be used in any computer network environment that is using TCP IP protocols Although client software is available for all platforms for the most precise applications t
21. Con figuring the Network Time Protocol for details on the use of this command The two files that are modified are etc ntp keys and etc ntp conf Both of these are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must re boot the Unison after running this script for the changes to take effect Set ntpconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started ptpconfig Optional This command is only available if the PTP IEEE 1588 option has been installed Refer to Appendix Precision Time Protocol TEEE 1588 for more information setcdmachannelset This command sets the CDMA channelset to be used by the CDMA subsystem By factory default the channelset is North American Cellular unless the unit is configured for Japanese Cellular opera 43 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER FIVE tion In that case the hardware configuration limits operation to only the Japanese Cellular band and this command will have no affect The command requires one argument which may be one of these strings NAC North American Cellular SKC South Korean Cellular NAP North American PCS or IND Indian Cellular Set setcdmachannelset NAP Unison response Channelset is North American PCS setsigfitmask This command allows the user to enable or mask the Signal Loss Fault Parameter for this command is either MASKED or ENABLED Setting this command to MASKED will prevent a signal loss fault from creating an alarm condition Some in
22. GPS position navigation time and other information Sentences that have been added to the Unison product line are GGA GLL GSA RMC VTG and ZDA However position and navi gation information is not available in a CDMA Synchronized product so the only sentence that has been fully implemented is ZDA time and date information ZDA Time and Date The ZDA sentence identifies the time associated with the current 1PPS pulse Each sentence is transmitted within 500 milliseconds after the 1PPS pulse is output and tells the time of the pulse that just occurred If the Unison is unsynchronized then this sentence will be composed of null fields Examples are below GPZDA 48 lt CR gt lt LF gt GPZDA 175658 00 20 05 2008 07 00 69 lt CR gt lt LF gt Msg ID GPZDA is the on time character Field 1 175658 00 UTC time at 1PPS hhmmss ss Field 2 20 Day 01 to 31 Field 3 05 Month 01 to 12 Field 4 2008 Year 1980 to 2079 Field 5 07 Local zone hour offset from UTC for east longitude Field 6 00 Local zone minutes offset from UTC Checksum 69 Msg End lt CR gt lt LF gt 79 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX 80 Unison CDMA User Manual About Configuration and Status EndRun DES ON TECHNOLOGIES Appendix 7 Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 The appendix contains the configuration and status information for the optional Precision Time Pro tocol The PTP protocol running on the Unison
23. IPv6 Capabilities ChapterSix IP v6 Information EndRun Technologies understands that IPv6 is still in the experimental stage with essentially no mainstream deployment Customers who are not interested in IPv6 need not burden your system with it You have a choice of an IPv4 only kernel recommended or the IPv4 IPv6 kernel You may freely change this at any time with an easy software download from our website To determine which kernel resides in your Unison check the firmware version using console port command cat proc version An IPv4 only kernel will have a part number and version similar to 6010 0041 000 ver 2 4 31 IPv4 An IPv4 IPv6 kernel will have a part number and version similar to 6010 0041 100 ver 2 4 31 IPv6 If you want to change your kernel please refer to Appendix B Upgrading The Firmware for instruc tions The following text refers to products with the IPv4 IPv6 kernel The presence of an IPv6 capable kernel will automatically enable most of the new IPv6 capabilities By default autoconfiguration of the ethernet interface via IPv6 Router Advertisements is enabled To disable acceptance of Router Advertisements or to configure a static IPv6 address and default IPv6 gateway you must either run the interactive netconfig script This will allow you to configure your ethernet interface for both IPv4 and IPv6 operation Using the netconfig script has the advantage that you can also configure the hostname and domainname for
24. Supplementary Compliance Data Safety EN 60950 1992 A1 A2 1993 A3 1995 A4 1997 A11 1998 EMC EN 55024 1998 w A1 2000 and A2 2003 EN61000 3 2 2000 EN61000 3 3 1995 w A1 2001 EN55022 1998 Class A VCCI April 2004 Class A FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A ICES 003 Class A 90 Unison CDMA User Manual SPECIFICATIONS DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO IEC GUIDE 22 and EN 45014 Manufacturer s Name EndRun Technologies EndRon TECHNOLOGIES Manufacturer s Address 1360 North Dutton Avenue Suite 200 Santa Rosa CA 95491 5 DECLARES THAT THE PRODUCT Product Name 1 Network Time Servers and 2 Time amp Frequency Standards Model Number 1 Tempus LX GPS Tempus LX CDMA Unison GPS Unison CDMA and 2 Tycho GPS Tycho COMA CONFORMS TO THE FOLLOWING EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES RTTE Directive 99 5 Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EMC Directive 89 336 EC With Amendment 93 68 EC Supplementary Information Safety EN 60950 1992 A1 A2 1993 1995 Ad 1997 A11 1998 EME EN 55024 1998 wi A1 2000 and A2 2003 EN61000 3 2 2000 EN61000 3 3 1995 w A1 2001 EN55022 1998 Class A VCCI April 2004 Class Part 15 Subpart Class A ICES 003 Class Year Mark First Applied 2004 I the undersigned hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directives and Standards Place Santa Rosa California USA Signature Av 2 Date
25. Unison response Interactive shell script is started cdmaleapmode This command displays the CDMA leap mode of operation currently configured There are two modes automatic and user entered If the mode is user entered then the values of the configured current and future leap seconds are also displayed Query cdmaleapmode Unison response CDMA Leap Second Mode is USER Current LS 13 Future LS 13 cdmastat This command allows the user to query the status ofthe CDMA timing subsystem During normal operation the NTP daemon polls the CDMA timing subsystem every 16 seconds The results of this poll are used to steer the system clock and are saved to a log file This command parses and formats the data contained therein and prints this fixed length string having these fields LKSTAT TFOM YEAR DOY HH MM SS sssssssss LS S C PNO AGC VCDAC SN R F ERR FLTS Where LKSTAT 15 the tracking status of the engine either LOCKED or NOTLKD TFOM A detailed explanation of TFOM is in Appendix E Time Figure of Merit Briefly TFOM indicates clock accuracy where 36 Unison User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS 6 time error 15 lt 100 us 7 time error is lt 1 ms 8 time error is lt 10 ms 9 time error is gt 10 ms unsynchronized state if never locked to CDMA YEAR is the year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent NTP polling request received by the CDMA subsystem from the NTP reference clock driver DOY is the day of
26. address 224 0 1 1 Enter IP address for NTP broadcast multicast operation aaa bbb ccc ddd 224 0 1 1 You have selected multicast operation Enter the number of hops that are needed for the multicast packets on your network positive integer 1 It is highly recommended that authentication be used if you are using NTP in broadcast multicast mode Otherwise clients may easily be spoofed by a fake NTP server You can specify an MD5 key number that the Unison CDMA will use in its 19 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER TWO broadcast multicast packets The clients on your network must be configured to use the same key Would you like to specify an MD5 key number to use with broadcast mode yles nlo y Enter the MD5 key number to use 1 65534 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 ZZ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 The Unison CDMA Network Time Protocol configuration has been updated Please re boot now for the changes to take effect 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 LA 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
27. and the PTP Time Mode PTP or UTC Default PTP configuration settings are shown at the beginning of this Appendix One file is modified etc ptp conf This is a non volatile stored file in the FLASH disk boot etc direc tory You must re boot the Unison after running this script for the changes to take effect 81 Unison User Manual APPENDIX The following is transcript of the question and answer configuration utility provided by ptpconfig The user entered parameters are underlined Unison CDMA root cntp gt ptpconfig LE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 202 Precision Time Protocol Configuration kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk This script will allow you to configure the ptp conf file that controls the PTP daemon operation You will be able to configure the PTP sync_interval preferred state subdomain name and time mode Unison you make a mistake just re run ptpconfig prior to re booting The changes you make now will not take effect until you re boot the You will now be prompted for the necessary set up parameters LEE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 PTP preferred Configuration Set PTP preferred TRUE FALSE TRU
28. bit indicates that the microprocessor was unable to verify a write to the FLASH non volatile parameter storage area This should not ever occur under normal opera tion This fault would cause erratic operation at the next power cycling since important parameters could be corrupt The unit should be returned to the factory for repair 38 Unison User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS Local Oscillator Fault This bit indicates that the receiver Local Oscillator Phase Locked Loop PLL synthesizer is either unlocked or has failed This condition should not normally occur unless the unit is subjected to out of specification environmental conditions Otherwise this would be a fatal fault and the unit should be returned to the factory for repair 1 877 749 3878 Time Input Fault This bit indicates that the microprocessor received an erroneous time input from the CDMA engine If the condition persists please report it to the factory No Polling Events This bit indicates that the CDMA timing subsystem is not receiving polling request from the NTP subsystem This could be due to a hardware or software failure If the condition persists after cycling the power to the unit this is a fatal fault and the unit should be returned to the factory for repair The example response indicates that there has been a period without tracking a CDMA signal that exceeded the time out period that there was a FLASH Write Fault and that there is a Local Oscill
29. cdmastat Cdmaversion entphwaddr cntposclype cnippasswd cntprootfs 25 ae ar vide cniptimemode cniptimemodeconfig aipversion CQUOPIS u rends cpuoptsconfig Cpusertime cpusertimeconfig eraserootfs 1 helps inetdconfig netconfig nipcontig ptpconfig Optional setcdmachannelset setsigfltmask sigflimask updaterootflag upgradecdma upgradekernel RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port Signal Definitions ChapterSix IPv6 Information Enabling New IPv6 Capabilities OpenSSH aie aise said scene dans os o 17 17 17 Unison CDMA User Manual SNMP em Ge Wi oss ee 47 IPv6 Capable 00 48 IPv4 Only Protocols seos a 48 Appendix 49 Linux Ope
30. conf To do this you must add lines to boot net snmp snmpd conf like these for each user createUser root MD5 endrun_1 DES endrun_1 createUser ntpuser SHA Tempus 0 The first line will cause the agent snmpd to create a user root who may be authenticated via Mes sage Digest Algorithm 5 MDS with password endrun_ and may use the Data Encryption Standard DES to encrypt the session data with passphrase endrun_1 The second line will cause a user nt puser to be created who may be authenticated using the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA with password Tempus_0 Passwords and passphrases must have a minimum of 8 characters or you will not be able to be authenticated IMPORTANT You must kill the snmpa process prior to editing boot net snmp snmpd conf Otherwise the secret key creation may not complete properly Issue the command ps e to have the operating system dis play the list of running processes Look for the PID of the snmpa process and issue the kill command to stop it For example if the PID listed for the snmpa process is 53 then you would issue this command kill 53 You can verify that the process was terminated by re issuing the ps e command After re booting the agent will read the boot net snmp snmpd conf configuration file and compute 62 Unison CDMA User Manual SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP secret key s for each of the users and delete the createUser lines from the file It will then write the secret key s
31. figuration The debug version of the NTP daemon is located in the debug sub directory of your NTP directory Refer to the NTP documentation for detailed usage of these debug utilities 28 Unison CDMA User Manual MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup SETTING UP NTP CLIENTS ON WINDOWS NT 4 0 2000 XP MDS authenticated setup is relatively simple if e You have been able to successfully communicate with the Unison on your network Your Unison has been configured to perform authentication either by factory default by running the ntpconfig shell script The example Unison authentication configuration shown in Chapter 2 Configuring the Network Time Protocol will assumed in the example configuration commands shown here You have installed NTP on your client computer You have successfully performed the Basic NTP Client Setup on your client computer Create the ntp keys File You must create a file named ntp keys in the winnt system32 drivers etc directory or for XP the windows system32 drivers etc directory It must be a copy of the one residing in the etc directory of your Unison You can telnet into your Unison and start an tp session with your client com puter to send the Unison etc ntp keys file to your client computer or use the secure copy utility sep or use a text editor to create the equivalent file Although you should first test your setup using the factory default etc ntp keys file in your Unison server
32. indicates the software version and date of the upgrade that you previously downloaded You can also check this at any time by issuing cntpversion which will cause the system message to be re displayed You can also check to see which root file system image the system is currently booted under by issu ing this command at the shell prompt entprootfs Which should cause this to be printed to the console BOOT_IMAGE UnisonCDMA_1 If so and your unit seems to be operating normally you have successfully completed the upgrade If your unit does not boot up successfully and you are not able to telnet or ssh into the system after 30 seconds then there has been some kind of problem with the upgrade It is possible that the file downloaded was corrupt or that you forgot to set your FTP download file mode to binary when down loading the file either from the EndRun Technologies website or when transferring it to the Unison 54 Unison CDMA User Manual Recovering from a Failed Upgrade Performing the Linux Kernel Upgrade UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE To restore your Unison to a bootable state using the factory root file system you must use the serial I O port and re boot the Unison by cycling the power Refer to Chapter 2 Connect the Serial I O Port and Test the Serial Port for setup details When you have connected your terminal to the serial port apply power to the Unison Pay close attention to the terminal window while the un
33. installing and using NTP basic approaches to NTP client configuration for operation with the Unison will be described It is expected that you are or have access to a capable Unix Linux system administrator and know more than a little about installing distributions from source code Installation must be performed by a user with root priviledges on the system If you have never used NTP then you should spend some time reading the on line documents especially the Distribution Notes FAQ and Configuration subject matter which are available at http www ntp org Although all the information is available at the above site the following are excellent tutorials on set ting up NTP and are easier to understand http www sun com solutions blueprints 0701 NTP pdf http www sun com solutions blueprints 0801 NTPpt2 pdf http www sun com solutions blueprints 0901 NTPpt3 pdf If you have a new server many problems may be solved by the helpful people who participate in the Internet news group devoted to NTP at comp protocols time ntp Three methods of using the Unison with NTP clients on Unix like platforms will be described Basic This is the simplest and will operate without MDS authentication NTP beginners should always perform this setup first MDS This method is trickier only because MDS keys must be set up and distributed accurately to the NTP clients in a secure way The Unison is factory configured to authenticate its replies to NTP M
34. interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announce ment including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another wor
35. is a full Grandmaster Clock implementation of the IEEE 1588 2002 standard The PTP implementation in the Unison is built from the distribution at the PTPd website http ptpd sourceforge net The PTP daemon ptpd status and configuration is supported from two PTP companion utilities cptpstat and ptpconfig For more information about ptpd and to obtain PTP Slave software refer to the PTPd website An excellent book which describes the PTP Master and Slave operation is Measurement Control and Communication using IEEE 1588 John C Eidson Springer November 2002 More information on IEEE 1588 PTP can be found at the NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology IEEE 1588 website http ieee1588 nist gov The default PTP configuration settings in the Unison are shown below If you need to modify these settings then you will need to reconfigure the PTP subsystem You may perform the configuration from either telnet or ssh session or the local RS 232 console The default settings are PTP Preferred TRUE PTP Sync Interval Two seconds PTP Subdomain Name DFLT PTP Time Mode UTC Configuring PTP Using the Network Interface or Serial Port The ptpconfig command starts an interactive shell script that will allow you to configure the PTP subsystem of the Unison You will be prompted to set the PTP Preferred State TRUE or FALSE the PTP Sync Interval 1 2 8 16 or 64 seconds and the PTP Subdomain Name DFLT ALT1 ALT2 or ALT3
36. mand as cat lt dev arm_user amp You should again be seeing the bootloader message every few seconds Tempus Bootloader 6010 0050 000 v 1 00 May 28 2004 17 31 05 Please type the following command but do not press enter echo e recover r gt dev arm_user Now wait until you see another bootloader message come out and then press enter You will then see the come out every 3 seconds You then kill the previous cat command by entering kill You should see command prompt Now issue this command to re transfer the correct binary file upgradecdma tmp 6010 0020 000_3 01 bin 58 Unison User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES SNMPv3 Security Enterprise Management Information Base MIB Appendix C Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Your Unison includes the NET SNMP version 5 3 1 implementation of an SNMP agent snmpd and a SNMP notification trap generation utility snmptrap It supports all versions of the protocol in use today SNMPvI the original Internet standard SNMPv2c never reached standard status often called community SNMP and SNMPv3 the latest Internet standard The NET SNMP project has its roots in the Carnegie Mellon University SNMP implementation For more detailed information about the NET SNMP project and to obtain management software and detailed configuration information you can visit this website http www net snmp org An excellent book whi
37. may or may not be using MDS authentication If the clients are using MDS authentication they must be config ured properly with the same MDS authentication keys as the Unison If you need to modify the fac tory default Unison MDS keys recommended or set up broadcast multicast operation then you will need to re configure the NTP subsystem You may perform the configuration from either a telnet or ssh session or the local RS 232 console If you would like to configure your server for multicast operation configure it as you would for broadcast operation with the exception that you must enter this specific NTP multicast address 224 0 1 1 when you are prompted to enter the broadcast address Configuring NTP Using the Network Interface or Serial Port The following is a transcript ofthe question and answer configuration utility provided by ntpcon fig The user entered parameters are underlined Unison CDMA root cntp gt ntpconfig ZZ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Network Time Protocol 1 amp 1 d d d dd d d dd ddd kk k This script will allow you to configure the ntp conf ntp keys files that control Unison NTP daemon operation You will be able to create new MD5 authentication keys which are stored in the ntp keys file You will be able
38. non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must re boot the Unison after running this script for the changes to take effect Set inetdconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started netconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to configure the IP network subsystem of the Unison By default the unit is configured to configure itself using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP If you need to set up static IP configuration you must run this script as root from the RS 232 serial I O port during the installation process Refer to Chapter 2 Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP for details on the use ofthe command This script creates or modifies these files etc HOSTNAME etc hosts etc networks etc resolv conf and etc rc d rc inet1 All of these are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must re boot the Unison after running this script for the changes to take effect Set netconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started ntpconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to configure the NTP subsys tem ofthe Unison By default the unit is configured to authenticate its replies to clients using its default MDS keys in the etc ntp keys file If you need to create your own MDS keys recommended or set up broadcast multicast operation you must run this script as root Refer to Chapter 2
39. only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies ofthe Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies ofthe Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change 70 Unison CDMA User Manual THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is de rived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License If the modified program normally reads commands
40. or informsink lines within etc snmpd conf and send the generic SNMP coldStart or authenticationFailure notifications and informs to each destination the enterprise notification inform generation mechanism of the Unison will only send a notification to the last declared trap2sink and an inform to the last declared informsink in the file IMPORTANT After editing ete snmpd conf you must copy it to the boot ete directory and re boot the system It is very important to retain the access mode for the file readable only by root so be sure to use p when performing the copy During the boot process the files contained in the boot ete directory are cop ied to the working directory on the system RAM disk In this way the factory defaults are overwritten If you are planning to use SNMPv3 you should definitely make use of the two resources mentioned previously NET SNMP website and Essential SNMP and study them carefully There are rather elaborate configuration options available when you are using v3 The instruction presented here will 61 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX give you the flavor of the configuration but definitely not the full scope of possibilities To access your Unison via v3 of SNMP you will have to configure two files etc snmpd conf boot net snmp snmpd conf The first file contains static configuration parameters that the agent uses to control access and to de termine where to send notifications tr
41. peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One ofthem should be the Unison server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment You can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the command 23 Unison User Manual Broadcast Multicast NTP Client Setup CHAPTER THREE associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see OK for the row corresponding to the Unison server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since bad is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the etc ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by ftp or sep this shouldn t be a problem It is also possible to have a typing error in the etc ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list Broadcast multicast client setup is relatively simple if e You have been able to successfully communicate with the Unison on your network Your Unison has been configured to perform bro
42. repidly being deprecated and prob ably have little business running over an IPv6 network The address autoconfiguration capabilities of IPv6 make the DHCP protocol less important however it is likely that the new dhepv capability will appear in a future upgrade 48 Unison CDMA User Manual Linux Operating System EndRun DES ON TECHNOLOGIES Appendix A Security Your Unison incorporates several important security features to prevent unauthorized tampering with its operation Many of these are standard multiple user access control features of the underlying Linux operating system which controls the Unison Others are provided by the additional protocol servers selected for inclusion in your Unison and the way that they are configured Secure user authentication and session privacy while performing routine monitoring and mainte nance tasks are provided by the OpenSSH implementations of the secure shell daemon sshd and its companion secure copy utility sep The NET SNMP implementation of the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP daemon snmpd conforms to the latest Internet standard known as SNMPv3 which also supports secure user authentication and session privacy In addition the Network Time Protocol daemon ntpd supports client server authentication security measures to deter spoofing of NTP clients by rogue NTP servers This appendix describes these security measures and gives the advanced network administrato
43. subsystem clock TFOM A detailed explanation of TFOM is in Appendix E Time Figure of Merit Briefly TFOM indicates clock accuracy where 6 time error is lt 100 us 7 time error is lt 1 ms 8 time error is lt 10 ms 9 time error is gt 10 ms unsynchronized state if never locked to CDMA YEAR is the year of the UTC timestamp of most recent NTP polling request received by the CDMA engine from the NTP reference clock driver DOY is the day of year of the UTC timestamp of most recent NTP polling request received by the CDMA engine from the NTP reference clock driver HH MM SS sssssssss is the hour minute second subsecond UTC timestamp of the most recent NTP polling request received by the CDMA engine from the NTP daemon reference clock driver 40 Unison User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS LS is the current number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 13 at the time of this writing Query entpstat Unison response LOCKED TO CDMA Offset 0 000024 TFOM 6 2001 092 06 03 10 904312858 13 cntptimemode This command displays the current time mode setting for any optional timecode outputs Possible time modes are UTC GPS Local Auto and Local Manual The local time offset from UTC is valid in either of the two local modes but the Daylight Savings Time DST start stop parameters are only valid in the local manual mode A positive local time offset implies a longitude east of
44. the Green wich meridian and that local time is ahead of UTC In the local automatic mode the local offset from UTC is determined from the CDMA base station transmissions For more precise and deterministic behavior at the DST changeover times you should configure your unit for local manual operation and set up the local offset and the DST start and stop times using cntptimemodeconfig Query cntpt imemode Unison response Time Mode LOCAL MANUAL Local Time Offset from UTC 16 half hours DST Start Month Apr Sunday ist Hour 02 DST Stop Month Oct Sunday Last Hour 02 cntptimemodeconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to configure the time mode of any optional timecode or Serial Time output Selections are UTC GPS Local Auto and Local Manual These settings have no effect on the operation of the NTP daemon or the underlying Linux operating system time These ALWAYS operate in UTC By default the unit is configured to operate in UTC time mode If you need to modify this operation you must run this script as root Settings made using this command are non volatile Set cntptimemodeconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started cntpversion This command displays the firmware version and build date of the Unison Query entpversion Unison response Unison CDMA 6010 0042 000 v 1 00 Fri Aug 20 22 38 21 UTC 2004 cpuopts This command displays the current settings
45. the root user you must run a simple shell script called netconfig from the bash shell prompt This shell script will prompt you for the needed information and perform some syntax checking on your inputs Then it will create or modify the appropriate files needed to configure the ethernet interface The following sections will guide you in setting up communications with the Unison using its RS 232 serial I O port Connect the RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port You will need to use the RS 232 serial I O port if your network does not support the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP In that case you must be able to configure the Unison network parameters manually using the Linux console shell interface which is provided by this serial I O port Under certain conditions you may also need to use the RS 232 serial port if you encounter a problem while upgrading the firmware in your Unison To test serial communications with the Unison you will need either a VT100 compatible terminal or a terminal emulation program running on your computer We will refer to either of these as terminal for the remainder of this instruction 1 Disconnect power from the Unison 2 Connect one end of the DB9F to DB9F null modem adapter cable to the serial I O jack the Unison 3 Connect the other end of the DB9F to DB9F null modem adapter cable to the terminal Ifthe serial I O port on your terminal does not have a DB9M connector you may need to use an adapte
46. to a corrupt file power failure during upload or other accident do not be alarmed Even though you may have lost the existing application program the CDMA engine bootloader program will remain intact On boot up it will check to see ifa valid application program is in the FLASH memory Ifthere is not it will immediately go into the waiting for download mode You may verify this by issuing this command cat lt dev arm_user You should now see the character being received every three seconds This is the character that the engine bootloader sends to indicate to the XMODEM utility that it is wating for a download You may now re try the upload procedure assuming that you have corrected any original problem with the binary file First kill the cat command by typing CTRL C You should see a com mand prompt Now issue this command to re transfer the binary file upgradecdma tmp 6010 0020 000_3 01 bin 57 Unison User Manual APPENDIX Recover Command Sometimes a user will attempt to download the wrong file to the CDMA Subsystem When this hap pens the recovery method above will not work After issuing the cat command above you will not see a series of characters but instead you will see the bootloader message being output every few seconds In this case you need to use a different recovery procedure First make sure the above cat command is killed by typing CTRL C Then enter new cat
47. to the file These lines begin with the string usmUser In this way un encrypted passwords are not stored on the system IMPORTANT To generate new keys stop the snmpa process delete the existing usmUser key lines from the file boot net snmp snmp conf and then add new createuser lines Then re boot the system This example gives the simplest configuration to begin using SNMPv3 but doesn t make use of the full capabilities of the VACM in defining groups and views for fine grained access control The fac tory default etc snmpd conf file contains commented blocks of lines that can be uncommented to give you a basic configuration that uses the User based Security Model USM described in RFC 2274 and the View based Access Control Model VACM described in RFC 2275 The comments included in the file should help you in modifying it for your specific requirements 6 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX 64 Unison User Manual EndRun DES ON TECHNOLOGIES AppendixD Leap Seconds The Network Time Protocol NTP uses UTC Coordinated Universal Time for its time mode UTC is affected by leap seconds This is an additional second that is inserted into UTC in order to keep it in agreement with the Earth 5 rotation Leap seconds may only be inserted at UTC midnight on June 30th or on December 31st Leap second insertions or transitions occur about every 2 years Your Unison can automatically get the leap second information fro
48. with your Unison logging in directly as root is permitted When you log in as root via a ssh session with the Unison this banner will be displayed LE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 202 Welcome to Unison CDMA SSH console on cntp your domain 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 root cntp your domain s password Here you may log in as root with password 1 After correctly entering the password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Unison and shows the software part num ber version and build date Unison CDMA 6010 0042 000 v 1 00 Fri Aug 20 14 17 44 UTC 2004 17 Unison CDMA User Manual Configuring the Network Time Protocol CHAPTER TWO Unison CDMA root cntp gt This last line is the standard Unison shell prompt The Unison uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the entppasswd command issued from the shell prompt Issuing exit will close the ssh session Now that the network has been configured and tested you may configure the operation ofthe NTP server By default the Unison is configured to respond to NTP requests from clients that
49. year of the UTC timestamp of most recent NTP polling request received by the CDMA subsytem from the NTP reference clock driver HH MM SS sssssssss is the hour minute second subsecond UTC timestamp of the most recent NTP polling request received by the CDMA subsystem from the NTP daemon reference clock driver LS is the current number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 13 at the time of this writing 5 15 the signal processor state one of 0 Acquiring 1 Signal Detected 2 Code Locking 4 Carrier Locking 8 Locked is the CDMA frequency channel being used one of 0 thru 61 depending upon the channelset being used For North American Cellular these are 0 Primary A 1 Primary 2 Secondary A 3 Secondary For South Korean Cellular these are 4 Primary A 5 Primary B 6 Secondary A 7 Secondary B For North American PCS these are 8 00 A 9 01 A 10 02 A 11 03 A 12 04 A 13 05 A 14 06 A 15 07 A 16 08 A 17 09 A 18 10 A 19 00 D 20 01 D 21 02 D 22 00 23 01 B 24 02 25 03 26 04 27 05 28 06 29 07 30 08 B 31 09 B 32 10 B 33 00 E 34 01 E 35 02 E 36 00 37 01 38 02 F 39 00 40 01 41 02 C 42 03 43 04 44 05 45 06 46 07 47 08 48 09 49 10 For Japanese Cellular these are 50 Primary A 51 Secondary A For I
50. 0300000 Tempus logs mtd Giving out device 3 to Tempus logs 0x00300000 0x00900000 Tempus FACTORY rootfs mtd Giving out device 4 to Tempus FACTORY rootfs 0x00900000 0x00fe0000 Tempus UPGRADE rootfs mtd Giving out device 5 to Tempus UPGRADE rootfs 0 00 0000 0 01000000 Tempus Hi BootLdr mtd Giving out device 6 to Tempus Hi BootLdr NET4 Linux TCP IP 1 0 for NET4 0 IP Protocols ICMP UDP TCP IGMP IP routing cache hash table of 512 buckets 4Kbytes TCP Hash tables configured established 2048 bind 2048 NET4 Unix domain sockets 1 0 SMP for Linux NET4 0 mtdblock_open ok RAMDISK Compressed image found at block 0 mtdblock_release ok VFS Mounted root ext2 filesystem Freeing unused kernel memory 68k freed INIT version 2 76 booting etc rc d rc S bin is a directory mtdblock_open ok mtdblock_open ok Loading CDMA Fri Aug 20 00 53 54 2004 0 707128 seconds 2004 Setting system time using hwclock INIT Entering runlevel 3 Entering multiuser Attempting to configure eth0 by contacting a DHCP server At this point if you do not have a DHCP server configured on your network the unit will time out and print these messages Unison CDMA DHCP Client was unable to find the DHCP Server Fix the problem and re boot or set up static IP address by running netconfig dnsdomainname Host name lookup failure none Then these messages are printed in either case
51. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 Configuring the Unison as a Stratum 2 Server Operating the Unison as a Stratum 1 Server is the recommended mode You may operate the unit as a Stratum 2 server but since there are innumerable ways to configure your network with Stratum 2 servers specific insructions for how to do that are beyond the scope of this manual General instruc tions are Edit NTP CONF You must edit the ntp conf file in order to point your Stratum 2 server at a Stratum 1 server Edit etc ntp conf and add your server line s Here is an example server 192 168 1 1 IMPORTANT Do not remove the server lines for the refclock Even if your Time Server is not con nected to an antenna the refclock server lines must remain Now save the edited file and copy it to the non volatile flash partition with this command cp p etc ntp conf boot etc Mask Alarm In Stratum 1 operation an alarm will be indicated when there is a loss of signal For Stratum 2 opera tion you may not want to see this alarm You can mask it prevent it from showing by using the console port serial network command setsigfltmask 20 Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Chapter Three Setting Up NTP Clients on Unix like Platforms To configure your Unix like computer to use your Unison you must have successfully completed the Basic Installation procedures in Chapter 2 This manual is not a How To on
52. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 202 Welcome to Unison CDMA telnet console on cntp your domain LE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 entp login Here you may log in as cntpuser with password Praecis When logged in as cntpuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files After correctly entering the password at this prompt Password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Unison CDMA and shows the software part number version and build date Unison CDMA 6010 0004 000 v 1 00 Wed May 16 14 17 44 UTC 2002 Unison CDMA root cntp gt This last line is the standard Unison CDMA shell prompt The Unison uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the cntppasswd command issued from the shell prompt To gain root access you must now issue the super user command at the shell prompt Unison CDMA root cntp gt su root You will then be prompted for the password which is endrun_1 and be granted root access to the system To leave super user mode issue the shell command exit Issuing exit again will close the telnet session Using SSH When establishing a ssh connection
53. 4 Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Checking and Identifying the Hardware Chapter Two Basic Installation This chapter will guide you through the most basic checkout and physical installation of your Unison Subsequent chapters and appendices will give you the information needed to configure your installa tion for the maximum performance in your operating environment General NTP client setup instruc tions will also be supplied to get you started using your Unison quickly Basic familiarity with TCP IP networking protocols like ping telnet and tp is required Though some familiarity with Linux or other Unix like operating systems would be helpful it is not essen tial If you satisfy these conditions the instructions provided herein should guide you to a successful installation Unpack and check all the items using the shipment packing list Contact the factory if anything is missing or damaged The Unison shipment typically contains e Unison part 3016 0001 000 or 3016 variant e Unison User Manual part USM3016 0000 000 320 AC Power Cord part 050 1 0003 000 This part will not be present if using the DC power option DB 9F to DB 9F Null Modem Serial I O Cable part 0501 0002 000 RJ 45 to RJ 45 CAT S patch cable 2 meters part 050 1 0000 000 e Magnetic mount antenna cable assembly part 502 0007 001 5 Unison User Manual Unison Physical Description C
54. 59 or 61 to convert the PTP second to UTC UTC Time When the PTP time mode is set to UTC then there will be a one second jump in time when a leap second insertion occurs If the PTP slave does not account for this it will also jump Avoid this by using PTP time mode 84 Unison CDMA User Manual PTP IEEE 1588 PTP Software License PTP as implemented in the Unison is cover by patents and copyrights See the IEEE Standards Association at http standards ieee org db patents pat1390 html for patents that pertain the the Std No 1588 Information about the PTP Project led by Kendall Correll can be found at ptpd sourceforge net The distribution and usage of the software is allowed as long as the following copyright notice is included in our documentation The following copyright notice applies to all files which compose the PTPd This notice applies as if the text was explicitly included each file Copyright c 2005 2008 Kendall Correll Aidan Williams Permission to use copy modify and or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRAN TIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL DIRECT INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL D
55. ALT2 or ALT3 Il is the sync update interval one of 1 2 8 16 or 64 in seconds LL is the PTP leap second setting one of 59 60 or 61 where 59 implies that the last minute of the current day will have 59 seconds leap second deletion and 61 implies that the last minute of the current day will have 61 seconds leap second insertion TMD is the PTP time epoch either or UTC V is the protocol version only version 1 is implemented The Unison is configured as an IEEE 1588 Grand Master Clock Verify that the network settings have been configured and tested using netconfig Once the network has been configured the Uni son will begin to transmit PTP Sync messages to the slave clocks The PTP sync message and status report from the Unison is dependent on the status ofthe clock con figuration including the oscillator type and CDMA receiver subsystem The port_state will report either MASTER or PASSIVE MASTER is reported when the clock is locked to CDMA and the best master clock algorithm BMC designates this clock as the MASTER The port_state will report PASSIVE ifthe clock has never locked to CDMA or ifthe BMC designates this clock as anything other than the MASTER The CDMA timing system defines the time to be GPS time We call the CDMA timing technology indirect GPS For more information see Chapter 1 Timing How It Works Therefore the Unison will report the identifier as GPS when it is locked t
56. AMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE 85 Unison User Manual APPENDIX 86 Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun DES OW TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Specifications CDMA Receiver Cellular Mobile Receive Band 869 894 MHz Standard North American PCS Mobile Receive Band 1930 1990 MHz Standard Japanese Cellular Mobile Receive Band 832 870 MHz Optional Configuration TIA EIA 15 95 CDMA Pilot and Sync channels Antenna TNC jack on rear panel Z 500 Dual Band 824 896 MHz 1850 1990 MHz magnetic base monopole with integral 12 ft RG 58 U cable and TNC plug Extension cables and low noise pre amplifiers are available as options Local Oscillator is standard 2 5x10 over 20 to 70 C Option Medium Stability OCXO 4x10 9 over 0 to 70 C Stratum 1 Holdover Performance 24 Hours TCXO 35 Days MS OCXO Time to Lock lt 5 minutes typical TCXO lt 10 minutes typical MS OCXO Network I O Rear panel RJ 45 jack AMD PC Net Fast III 10 100Base T ethernet System Status Indicator Sync LED Green LED pulses to indicate CDMA acquisition and lock status Network LED Amber LED indicates network activity Alarm LED Red LED indicates a fault condition Maintenance Console RS 232 serial I O on
57. DS clients using its default set of keys Broadcast Multicast This method simplifies configuration of the clients on large networks since specific server addresses need not be configured in each client s etc ntp conf file It can be config ured either with or without MDS authentication However it is highly recommended that authentica tion be configured when using broadcast multicast mode due to the relative ease with which a fake NTP server can take over the clock setting of the broadcast multicast clients on the network 21 Unison CDMA User Manual Basic NTP Client Setup MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup CHAPTER THREE Basic setup is relatively simple if e You have been able to successfully communicate with the Unison on your network You have installed NTP on your client computer Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the etc directory Add this line to the ntp conf file server 192 168 1 245 This line tells ntpd to use the NTP server at address 192 168 1 245 in addition to any other servers which might also be configured in the client s ntp conf file Re start ntpd to have it begin using the Unison server Use the NTP utility ntpa to check that ntpd is able to communicate with the Unison After issuing the command will see the ntpa command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer i
58. E PTP sync_interval Configuration Set the PTP sync_interval in seconds 1 2 8 16 64 2 PTP subdomain name Configuration Set the PTP subdomain name DFLT ALT1 ALT2 ALT3 DFLT PTP time_mode configuration Set the PTP time_mode UTC or PTP PTP LE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 The Unison Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588 configuration has been updated Please re boot now for the changes to take effect LE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Now re boot the system by issuing this command at the shell prompt shutdown r now 82 Unison CDMA User Manual Operation PTP IEEE 1588 PTP Status Using the Network Interface or Serial Port The cptpstat command allows the user to query the status of the PTP subsystem The ptpd daemon running on the system updates the var log ptp monitor every five seconds under normal operation This logfile is parsed and formated to provide the status string having these fields PTPMODE CKID Stratum SSS PPPPP SDOM II LL TMD V Where PTPMODE is the PTP port state either Master or Passive CKID is the sync identifier either ATOM or GPS 555 is the stratum either 3 or 255 where 3 implies an error of gt 100 nS and 255 is the unsynchronized state PPPPP is the PTP preferred master setting either True or False SDOM is the PTP subdomain one of DFLT ALT1
59. HAPTER TWO TECHNOLOGIES Sync LED Network LED Alarm LED Unison CDMA Network Time Server This green LED flashes to indicate synchronization status This amber LED illuminates when the Unison is connected to the network and flashes when receiving or transmitting packets This red LED illuminates briefly at power up and thereafter whenever a serious fault condition exists Antenna Jack RS 232 Connector 10 100Base T Jack 1PPS Jack Option 1PPS RS 422 Option AM Code Jack Option This TNC connector mates with the downlead cable from the external antenna This DB 9M connector provides the RS 232 serial I O console interface to the Unison This console allows the user to initialize and maintain the Unison See Chapter 5 RS 232 Serial I O Port Signal Definitions for detailed information This RJ 45 connector mates with the ethernet twisted pair cable from the network This BNC connector provides the optional 1PPS TTL output The pulse width is normally 1 millisecond wide when shipped from the factory but can be changed via console command cpuoptsconfig See signal definition in Appendix I Specifications for the 1PPS Output This optional DB 9M connector provides the 1PPS output at RS 422 levels and is usually not installed The pulse width is normally 1 millisecond wide when shipped from the factory but can be changed via console
60. M 128 or XMODEM 1K both with CRC Control X will abort download ccc Starting file upload should take about 60 seconds sbin upgradecdma line 26 27618 Terminated cat lt dev arm_user You should see the CDMA subsystem startup message now If not you may need to check your binary file and re perform the procedure Tempus Bootloader 6010 0050 000 v 1 00 May 28 2004 17 31 05 FW 6010 0020 000 v 1 00 Aug 18 2004 10 47 41 FPGA 6020 0005 000 v 0202 upgradekernel This script allows the user to change the Linux kernel firmware It requires one argument the path to the file to be uploaded to the Unison Changing the Linux kernel firmware will enable IPv6 opera tion and should only be done if you have requirement for IPv6 See Chapter 6 IPv6 Information and Performing the Linux Kernel Upgrade in Appendix Upgrading the Firmware for more information Set upgradekernel tmp newkernelimage Unison response Interactive shell script is started The RS 232 9 connector on the rear panel of the Unison is wired as shown below In order to connect the Unison to another computer a null modem adapter must be used The serial cable provided with the shipment is wired as a null modem adapter and can be used to connect the Unison to your computer 9 ETC NE 45 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER FIVE 46 Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Enabling New
61. M a long list of kernel generated informational messages is displayed as the kernel begins execution and the various device drivers are initialized Booting Linux with FACTORY root file system 6010 0041 000 Linux Kernel v2 4 26 1 0 Wed Aug 18 17 28 45 UTC 2004 BIOS provided physical RAM map BIOS 88 0000000000000000 000000000009f000 usable BIOS 88 0000000000100000 0000000002000000 usable 32MB LOWMEM available On 0 totalpages 8192 zone 0 4096 pages zone 1 4096 pages zone 2 0 pages DMI not present Kernel command line config 11000001 initjffs 0 console ttyS0 19200 root dev mtdblock4 load_ramdisk 1 rw Initializing CPU 0 Calibrating delay loop 66 96 BogoMIPS Memory 30784k 32768k available 812k kernel code 1596k reserved 162k data 68k init highmem Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode Ok Dentry cache hash table entries 4096 order 3 32768 bytes cache hash table entries 2048 order 2 16384 bytes Mount cache hash table entries 512 order 0 4096 bytes Buffer cache hash table entries 1024 order 0 4096 bytes Page cache hash table entries 8192 order 3 32768 bytes CPU AMD 486 DX 4 WB stepping 04 Checking hlt instruction OK POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX PCI Using configuration type 1 PCI Probing PCI hardware PCI Probing PCI hardware bus 00 Linux NET4 0 for Linux 2 4 Based upon Swanse
62. Network Time Protocol service and then re start it Use the NTP utility ntpq exe to check that ntpd exe is able to communicate with the Unison By default it is installed in the Program Files Network Time Protocol sub directory of your Windows NT 2000 XP partition From a console window after issuing the command you will see the ntpq exe command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Unison server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment You can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the command associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see OK for the row corresponding to the Unison server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since bad is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the winnt system32 drivers etc ntp keys file on the client that causes mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by tp or scp this shouldn t be a problem It is
63. PROG TTL Alarm MMBT2222A open collector grounded emitter High impedance in alarm state Voltage 40 VDC maximum Saturation Current 100 mA maximum Connector Rear panel BNC jack or terminal strip labeled ALARM Serial Time Output only port at RS 232 levels Baud Rate User Selectable to 4800 9600 19200 or 57600 Parity User Selectable to Odd Even or None ASCII Formats User Selectable to Sysplex EndRun EndRunX Truetime NENA or NMEA Connector Rear panel DB 9M connector labeled SERIAL TIME Pinout Pin 3 is Transmit Data Pin 5 is GND See Appendix G Serial Time Output for more information 1 PPS RS 422 RS 422 Levels Width User selectable to 20 us 1 ms 100 ms 500 ms Accuracy lt 10 microseconds to UTC when locked typical Stability TDEV lt 50 ns lt 10 seconds Connector Rear panel DB 9M jack labeled 1PPS RS 422 Pinout Pin 3 is signal Pin 6 is signal Pin 5 is GND Fixed Rate Positive TTL pulse 50Q Rate Preset at Factory and cannot be changed Accuracy lt 10 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Stability lt 10 for lt 103 seconds o t lt 10 t for t gt 103 seconds Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled with appropriate rate such as 10 89 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX I CE FCC Compliance RTTE Directive 99 5 EC Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EC EMC Directive 89 336 EC With Amendment 93 68 EC
64. R IMPLIED AS PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW ENDRUN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Unison User Manual Warranty Repair If you believe your equipment is in need of repair call EndRun Technologies and ask for a customer service agent It is important to contact us first as many problems may be resolved with a phone call Please have the serial number of the unit and the nature of the problem available before you call If it is determined that your equipment will require service we will issue an RMA number You will be asked for contact information including your name address phone number and e mail address Ship the unit prepaid in the original container or a container of sufficient strength and protection to EndRun Technologies EndRun will not be responsible for damage incurred during shipping to us Be sure the RMA number is clearly identified on the shipping container Our policy is to fix or repair the unit within 5 business days If it is necessary to order parts or if other circumstances arise that require more than 5 days an EndRun service technician will contact you Repair After Warranty Expiration If the warranty period has expired we offer repair services for equipment you have purchased from EndRun Call and ask for a customer service agent It is important to contact us first as many prob lems may be resolved with a phone call Please have the serial nu
65. SNMP variables contained in as described in RFC 1213 EndRun Technologies has implemented an enterprise MIB using the syntax of the SMI version 2 SMIv2 as described in RFC 2578 59 Unison CDMA User Manual Invocation of the SNMP daemon Quick Start Configuration SNMPv1 v2c APPENDIX C TEMPUSLXUNISON MIB Which is located on your Unison in this ASCII file usr local share snmp mibs TEMPUSLXUNISON MIB txt In addition to a complete set of NTP and CDMA status objects the MIB defines four SMIv2 notifica tion objects e NTP Leap Indicator Bits status change e NTP Stratum change e CDMA Fault Status change e CDMA Time Figure of Merit change The SNMP daemon snmpd is started from the etc rc d rc local system start up script with this line snmpd m MIBNAME Ls d c etc snmpd conf By default it will listen on port 161 for SNMP queries from the network management system If you would like to have it listen on another port you could edit the file by adding p port to the end of this line where port is the number of the port you would like for the agent to listen on If you would like to disable starting of the snmpd daemon altogether you can either remove this line or place a character at the beginning of the line so that it will not be executed A very compact editor with WordStar command keystrokes is available on the system for this purpose edit Ifyou start edit without giving it a file name to open it wil
66. a University Computer Society NET3 039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd JFFS2 version 2 1 C 2001 Red Hat Inc designed by Axis Communications AB Serial driver version 5 05c 2001 07 08 with PORTS SHARE_IRQ SERIAL_PCI enabled ttyS00 at 0x03f8 irq 4 is a 16550A ttyS01l at 0x02f8 irq 3 is a 16550A ttyS02 at 0x03e8 irq 0 is a ST16654 ttyS03 at 0x02e8 irq 3 is a ST16654 sc520_wdt CBAR 0x800df 000 sc520_wdt MMCR Aliasing enabled sc520_wdt WDT driver for SC520 initialised RAMDISK driver initialized 16 RAM disks of 16384K size 1024 blocksize pcenet32 c v1 28 02 20 2004 tsbogend alpha franken de PCI Enabling device 00 0d 0 0000 gt 0003 pcnet32 PCnet FAST III 79C973 at 0x1000 00 Oe fe 00 00 33 tx_start_pt 0x0c00 220 bytes BCR18 9a61 BurstWrEn BurstRdEn NoUFlow SRAMSIZE 0x1700 SRAM_BND 0x0800 assigned IRQ 12 eth0 registered as PCnet FAST III 79C973 11 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER TWO penet32 1 cards _ found Tempus SC520 flash device 1000000 at 2000000 Amd Fujitsu Extended Query Table v1 3 at 0x0040 number of CFI chips 1 Creating 7 MTD partitions on Tempus SC520 Flash Bank 0x00000000 0x000e0000 Tempus kernel mtd Giving out device 0 to Tempus kernel 0x000e0000 0x00100000 Tempus Lo BootLdr mtd Giving out device 1 to Tempus Lo BootLdr 0x00100000 0x00200000 Tempus boot mtd Giving out device 2 to Tempus boot 0x00200000 0x0
67. adcasts or multicasts by running the ntpconfig shell script This is not the factory default configuration so be sure to run ntpconfig If you are going to use MDS authentication your Unison must have been configured to operate with authenti cation in the broadcast multicast mode and you must know which of the trusted keys it is using for broadcast multicast operation The example Unison configuration shown in Chapter 2 Configuring the Network Time Protocol will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here e You have installed NTP on your client computer You have successfully performed the MDS Authenticated NTP Client Setup on your client com puter if you plan to use MDS authentication Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the etc di rectory Assuming that your Unison server has been configured to use key 2 for broadcast authentica tion as shown in the example in chapter 2 make sure that key 2 is included in the trustedkey line and add this line to the end of the ntp conf file broadcastclient If you are not using MDS authentication you would add these lines disable auth broadcastclient If you are using multicast instead of broadcast mode you would replace the broadcastclient keyword with the multicastclient keyword You may remove the line added previously in Basic NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 245 or the authenticated version
68. added in 5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 245 key 1 24 Unison CDMA User Manual SETTING UP NTP CLIENTS ON UNIX LIKE PLATFORMS Re start ntpd to have it begin using the Unison as a broadcast or multicast server Use the NTP util ity ntpq to check that ntpd is able to communicate with the Unison After issuing the command you will see the ntpa command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Unison server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment If you are using authentication you can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the com mand associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display you should see OK for the row corresponding to the Unison server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since bad is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the etc ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by tp or
69. air of shell scripts which ease configuration for the inexperienced user of Unix like operating systems These are accessconfig and inetdcon fig accessconfig modifies two files which are used by tepd and the standalone daemons snmpd and sshd to determine whether or not to grant access to requesting host etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny These two files may contain configuration information for a number of protocol servers but in the Unison only access control to the protocol server daemons in telnetd sshd and snmpd is configured As shipped from the factory these two files are empty When the user runs accessconfig these lines are added to the etc hosts deny file in telnetd ALL sshd ALL snmpd ALL This tells tepd to deny access to in telnetd and sshd to all hosts not listed in the etc hosts allow file The snmpd and sshd daemons also parse this file prior to granting access to a requesting host Then the user is prompted to enter a list of hosts that will be granted access to in telnetd sshd and snmpd These appear in the etc hosts allow as lines like this in telnetd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 sshd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 snmpd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 This simple shell script handles the needs of most users however the syntax of these two files sup ports elaborate configuration possibilities which are beyond the capabilites of this simple shell script Advanced users who need these capabilities will need to edit
70. al so that any problems intro duced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the dan ger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Herein after translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered
71. also possible to have a typing error in the winnt system32 drivers etc ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list Broadcast multicast client setup is relatively simple if e You have been able to successfully communicate with the Unison on your network e Your Unison has been configured to perform broadcasts or multicasts by running the ntpconfig shell script This is not the factory default configuration so be sure to run ntpconfig If you are going to use MDS authentication your Unison must have been configured to operate with authenti cation in the broadcast multicast mode and you must know which of the trusted keys it is using for broadcast multicast operation The example Unison configuration shown in Chapter 2 Configuring the Network Time Protocol will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here e You have installed NTP on your client computer e You have successfully performed the MD5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup on your client com puter if you plan to use MDS authentication 30 Unison CDMA User Manual SETTING UP NTP CLIENTS ON WINDOWS NT 4 0 2000 XP Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd exe the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the winnt system32 drivers etc directory or for XP the windows system32 drivers etc directory Assum ing that your Unison server has been configured to use key 2 for broadcast authentication as shown i
72. aps Other aspects of the agent s operation are also configurable in this file but you should not need to modify those To use the SNMPv3 capabilities of the Unison you must first set up user information and access limits for those users in etc snmpd conf Uncom ment and edit these two lines to define your v3 users and their access parameters rwuser root priv 1 rouser ntpuser auth 1 3 6 1 4 1 13827 The first line defines a SNMPv3 read write user root whose minimum security level will be authenti cated and encrypted for privacy choices are noauth auth and priv and who will have read write ac cess to the entire iso 1 branch of the SMI object tree The second line defines SNMPv3 read only user ntpuser whose minimum security level will be authenticated but not encrypted and who will have read only access to the entire iso org 3 dod 6 internet 1 private 4 enterprises 1 endRun TechnologiesMIB 13827 branch of the SMI object tree After adding the user lines to etc snmpd conf copy it to the boot etc directory using The second file is located on the non volatile FLASH disk and is used by the SNMP agent to store persistent data that may be dynamic in nature This may include the values of the MIB II variables sysLocation sysContact and sysName as well as any configured SNMPv3 user crypto keys In order to use SNMPv3 you must configure user keys in this file for each SNMPv3 user that you have set up in etc snmpd
73. ates control access from ALL hosts Query access is not affected by this restriction Knowledgable NTP users who would like to customize the security aspects of the configuration of the NTP daemon in the Unison should edit the etc ntp conf file directly and then copy it to the boot etc directory Be sure to retain the ownership and permissions of the original file by using p when performing the copy 51 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX CAUTION If you are planning to make changes to the etc ntp conf file you must not restrict query access from the local host to the NTP daemon Various system monitoring processes running on the system require this access 52 Unison User Manual What You Need Perform the Upgrade Performing the Linux NTP Upgrade EndRun EN TECHNOLOGIES AppendixB Upgrading the Firmware Periodically EndRun Technologies will make bug fixes and enhancements to our products available for download from our website All such downloads are freely available to our customers without charge After you have downloaded the appropriate FLASH binary image file from the EndRun Tech nologies website you are ready to perform the upgrade to your Unison The firmware consists of two FLASH binary image files One of these is the firmware for the Unison itself This firmware executes on the IBM compatible CPU and contains the embedded Linux op erating system and NTP specific application sof
74. ator PLL fault Query cdmastat Unison response LOCKED TFOM 6 2001 092 04 48 56 347916732 13 8 1 132 28605 8 6 0 000 001A cdmaversion This command displays the firmware and hardware versions of the CDMA subsystem Query cdmaversion Unison response F W 1 00 FPGA 0202 entphwaddr This command displays the ethernet hardware address if the IP network is properly configured Oth erwise it returns nothing Query entphwaddr Unison response 00 0E FE 00 00 33 cntposctype This command displays the installed oscillator type It is or MS OCXO The standard oscil lator is the TCXO Query cntposctype Unison response Installed Oscillator is TCXO cntppasswd This command allows the root user to change the passwords of the two configured users on the sys tem root and cntpuser Arguments passed to cntppasswd on the command line are passed verba tim to the real passwd binary program When passwd returns the resulting modified etc shadow file is copied to the non volatile boot etc directory To change root password Set cntppasswd Unison response The passwd interactive utility starts 39 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER FIVE To change cntpuser password Set entppasswd cntpuser Unison response The passwd interactive utility starts cntprootfs This command displays the currently booted root file system image It can be either UnisonCDMA 0 factory image or UnisonCDMA 1 field upgrade image Refer to A
75. body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Founda tion If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution condi tions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS
76. bution of the Program If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many peo ple have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License 72 Unison CDMA User Manual THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the
77. ce Connect the terminal to the negative output of the DC power source Note that the Unison has a floating internal power supply therefore either the positive or negative output of the DC power source be referenced to earth ground This unit will not operate if the connections are reversed however it will not be damaged by a reverse connection SHOCK ENERGY HAZARD Install in Restricted Access Location Use 10 14 AWG copper wire only Terminal block screw torque 9 in Ibs 1 nM Branch circuit must have circuit breaker 15A or less Install terminal block cover after wiring Installing the Antenna Make sure that the antenna is not blocked by metallic objects that are closer than about one meter A good location is the top surface of the equipment rack into which the unit has been installed Ideally it should be mounted vertically as the transmitted signals are vertically polarized When indoors however multipath conditions may exist This means that reflected signals may be present with either vertical or horizontal polarization so your antenna might work in either orientation After mounting the unit and antenna verify that it still acquires and tracks a CDMA signal Connecting and Configuring Ethernet Connect one end ofthe CAT 5 patch cable supplied with your Unison to the rear panel mounted RJ 45 connector labeled 10 100BASE T Connect the other end of the patch cable to your network through a straight
78. ch describes operation and configuration of various SNMP managers and agents including the NET SNMP implementations is available from O Reilley amp Associates Essential SNMP Mauro amp Schmidt O Reilley amp Associates 2001 Ifyou are planning to operate with SNMPv3 it is highly recommended that you make use of both of these resources to familiarize yourself with the agent configuration concepts Prior to SNMPv3 SNMP had definite security inadequacies due to using two community names in a manner analogous to passwords that were transmitted over the network as clear text In addition since no mechanism existed for authenticating or encrypting session data any number of man in the middle data corruption replacement exploits were possible in addition to plain old snooping to learn the community names SNMPv3 implements the User based Security Model USM defined in RFC 2274 which employs modern cryptographic technologies to both authenticate multiple users and to encrypt their session data for privacy much in the same way that SSH does for remote login shell users In addition it implements the View based Access Control Model VACM defined in RFC 2275 This RFC defines mechanisms for limiting the access of multiple users having various security levels no authentication authentication or authentication plus privacy to specific views of the Structure of Management Information SMI object tree In addition to providing the
79. chnologies is committed to fulfilling your precision timing needs by providing the most advanced reliable and cost effective time and frequency equipment available in the market today Trademark Acknowledgements IBM PC Linux NotePad Timeserv UNIX Windows NT WordStar are registered trademarks of the respective holders Part No USM3016 0000 000 Revision 11 September 2009 Copyright EndRun Technologies 2005 2009 Unison CDMA User Manual About This Manual This manual will guide you through simple installation and set up procedures Introduction The Unison how it works where to use it its main features Basic Installation How to connect configure and test your Unison with your network Client Set Up Two sections one for Unix like platforms and one for Windows NT 2000 XP Console Port Description of the Linux console commands for use over the network and serial ports If you detect any inaccuracies or omissions please inform us EndRun Technologies cannot be held responsible for any technical or typographical errors and reserves the right to make changes to the product and manuals without prior notice Warranty This product manufactured by EndRun Technologies is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from date of shipment under normal use and service Dur ing the warranty period EndRun Technologies will repair or replace products which prove to be defective Fo
80. command cpuoptsconfig See pinout details in Appendix I Specifications for the 1PPS RS 422 Output This BNC connector provides the optional amplitude modulated timecode output and is usually labeled SPARE The timecode output is normally IRIG B122 when shipped from the factory but can be changed via command cpuoptsconfig See details in Appendix I Specifications for the AM Code Output Unison CDMA User Manual Performing an Initial Site Survey BASIC INSTALLATION Alarm Jack Option Prog TTL Jack Option 10 MPPS or 100 PPS etc Option Serial Time Option AC Power Input Jack DC Power Input Block This BNC connector or terminal strip provides the optional alarm output and is usually not installed If installed see details in Appendix Specifications for the Alarm Output This BNC connector provides the optional Programmable TTL pulse rate output and is usually not installed If installed see signal definition in Appendix I Specifications This pulse rate is normally shipped from the factory as 10 5 but can be changed via command cpuoptsconfig This BNC connector provides an optional customer specified rate output and is usually not installed If installed it will be labeled for the appropriate rate such as 10 MPPS or 100 PPS etc This output is set at the factory and cannot be changed See signal definition in Appendix I Specifications for the Fixed Rate Output This
81. d_keys SSH1 and authorized_keys2 SSH2 Since the provided private keys are not passphrase protected the user should create a new set of keys after verifying operation with the factory default key sets After creating the new keys the public keys should be copied to the boot root ssh directory of the Unison At boot time the Unison will copy these to the actual root ssh directory of the system ramdisk thereby replacing the factory default set of public keys Advanced users wishing to modify the configuration of the sshd daemon should edit the etc sshd_ config file and then copy it to the boot etc directory of the Unison Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using cp p when copying the file At boot time it will be copied to the directory of the system ramdisk thereby replacing the factory default configuration file The NTP implementation in the Unison is built from the standard distribution from the http www ntp org site By factory default remote control of the NTP daemon ntpd is disabled Query only operation is supported from the two NTP companion utilities and ntpdc Control via these two utilities is disabled in the etc ntp conf file in two ways First MDS authentica tion keys are not defined for control operation via a requestkey or controlkey declaration Second this default address restriction line is present in the file restrict default nomodify This line elimin
82. de or Serial Time output cntptimemodeconfig cntpversion cpuopts 34 Interactive shell script that guides the user in configuring the time mode settings for any optional timecode output Allows setting to the local GPS or UTC timescale If local manual is selected then the allows configuration of the local offset and Daylight Savings Time DST start stop date parameters Prints the Unison application software version information to the console Returns the current settings for any installed user selectable CPU Options These are IPPS AM Code or Prog TTL Unison CDMA User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS cpuoptsconfig An interactive script that allows the user to modify the settings for the CPU Options listed above Prints the current settings for the optional Serial Time output cpusertimeconfig Interactive script that allows the user to modify the settings for Be the optional Serial Time output eraserootfs_1 Command to erase the UPGRADE root file system FLASH partition This must be executed prior to loading the new file system image during the Linux NTP upgrade process inetdconfig Interactive shell script that allows the user to configure the list of protocol servers which are started by the inetd server daemon running in the Unison netconfig Interactive shell script that allows the user to configure the IP network subsystem of the Unison ntpconfig Interactive shell script that guides the user in configuri
83. e applicable only if the Output Format is NMEA More information about the various formats is in Appendix G Serial Time Output Set cpusertimeconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started eraserootfs 1 This command erases the UPGRADE root file system FLASH partition in preparation for performing a Linux NTP subsystem firmware upgrade See Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for more information Set eraserootfs 1 Unison response Erase progress as percent is shown help This command displays list of the Unison commands not Linux commands To get help on a particular command you would type help followed by the command Query help Unison response Tempux LX commands are displayed Query help cdmastat Unison response Information specific to the cdmastat command is displayed 42 Unison CDMA User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS inetdconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to configure the list of protocol servers which are started by the inetd server daemon running in the Unison Three protocol serv ers may be configured TIME DAYTIME and TELNET By default the unit is configured to start all of these protocol servers If you need to disable start up of some or all of these e g for security reasons you must run this script as root from either the RS 232 serial I O port or from a telnet or ssh session This script modifies the etc inetd conf file which is
84. e simplest and will operate without MDS authentication NTP beginners should always perform this setup first MDS This method is trickier only because MDS keys must be set up and distributed accurately to the NTP clients in a secure way The Unison is factory configured to authenticate its replies to NTP MDS clients using its default set of keys Broadcast Multicast This method simplifies configuration of the clients on large networks since specific server addresses need not be configured in each client s winnt system32 drivers etc ntp conf file It can be configured either with or without MDS authentication However it is highly recom mended that authentication be configured when using broadcast multicast mode due to the relative ease with which a fake NTP server can take over the clock setting of the broadcast multicast clients on the network 27 Unison CDMA User Manual Basic NTP Client Setup CHAPTER FOUR Basic setup is relatively simple if e You have been able to successfully communicate with the Unison on your network e You have installed NTP on your client computer Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd exe the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the winnt system32 drivers etc directory of the boot partition If your NTP installation placed this file in a different place you must find it and edit it For example XP uses windows system32 drivers etc Add this line to the ntp conf file server
85. em that are needed to start the X modem file transfer and then displays the responses from the CDMA subsystem to the console When the X modem C character appears indicating that the CDMA subsystem is ready to receive the file you must hit the lt ENTER gt key and the transfer will begin After about one minute it should complete at which point you should see the CDMA subsystem boot messages appear on the console From these you will be able to verify that the firmware was successfully upgraded In the example console output below lines which begin with are generated by the upgrad ecdma script All other lines are from the CDMA subsystem with the exception of the shell message 44 Unison User Manual RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port Signal Definitions CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS indicating that the process cat lt dev arm_ user has been terminated which is normal In this example the character was received three times before the user hit the lt ENTER gt key to begin the transfer The last three lines are the boot messages that are sent by the CDMA subsystem as it comes up The firmware version should match that of the binary file that was uploaded See Per forming the CDMA Upgrade in Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for more information Set upgradecdma tmp 6010 0020 000 bin Unison response When you see the character hit lt enter gt to begin the upload Waiting for download using XMODE
86. en Controlled Crystal Oscillator OCXO or Rubidium oscillator The extrapolated TFOM is based on a conservative estimate of the performance of the oscillator and should be consid ered worst case for a typical benign ambient temperature environment Due to this extrapolation behavior after initial synchronization brief periods without CDMA signal reception will not induce an immediate alarm condition If the condition persists for long enough periods you should see the TFOM character change to indicate a gradually deteriorating accuracy of the timing outputs If the signal loss condition persists longer then the final unsynchronized state will eventually be reached If the Unison is unable to achieve re synchronization within one hour after reaching this state the red LED will illuminate The fault status field returned in either of the cdmastat or cntpstat commands will have the appropriate bit set to indicate a loss of signal time out condition If the CDMA subsystem reaches the unsynchronized TFOM state the NTP daemon will cease to use the timing information returned by the CDMA subsystem in its polling event timestamps At this point the NTP daemon will report in its replies to network NTP clients that it is running at stratum 16 and the leap indicator bits will be set to the fault state NTP clients will recognize that and cease to use the unsynchronized server 67 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX E 68 Unison CDMA User Manual
87. erver daemon sshd and the secure copy utility sep are implemented in the Unison This means that users on remote hosts may log in to the Unison via an ssh client but users logged in on the Unison are unable to log in to a remote host via ssh Since runs in concert with an ssh client the same limitations exist for its use i e users on remote hosts may transfer files to and from the Unison via sep over ssh but users logged in on the Unison are unable to transfer files to and from a remote host via sep over ssh The factory configuration contains a complete set of security keys for both SSH1 and SSH2 versions of the protocol RSA keys are supported by both versions and DSA keys are supported when using the SSH2 version In addition the Unison is factory configured with a set of public keys for passwordless public key authentication of the root user To use this capability the corresponding set of private keys for each of the two SSH versions are provided in the boot root directory of the Unison Three files contain these keys identity SSH1 id_rsa SSH2 and id_dsa SSH2 These must be copied to the user s ssh directory on their remote computer Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using p when copying the files They MUST be readable only by root The corresponding public keys are by factory default resident in the root ssh directory of the Unison Two files contain these keys authorize
88. for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment If you are using authentication you can verify that authentication is being used by issuing the com mand associations to display the characteristics of the client server associations In the auth column of the display 31 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER FOUR you should see for the row corresponding to the Unison server If you see bad you should wait a few minutes to be sure that there is a problem since bad is the initial state of this setting If the bad indication persists then you must check your configuration for errors Typically this is due to a typing error in creating the windows system32 drivers ete ntp keys file on the client that causes a mismatch between the keys being used by the server and client If you transfer the file by tp or scp this shouldn t be a problem It is also possible to have typing error in the windows system32 drivers etc ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list 32 Unison User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES General Linux Shell Operation Chapter Five Control and Status Commands This chapter describes the Unison control and status commands The Unison supports several appli cation specific commands for performing initialization setup and for monitoring the performance and status of the NTP and CDMA subsystem
89. for the installed CPU Options Query cpuopts Unison response CPU Option TIME CODE is installed Current Setting IRIG B122 4l Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER FIVE cpuoptsconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to change the settings of any installed CPU Options The user selectable options are 1PPS AM Code and Prog TTL Set cpuoptsconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started cpusertime This command displays the current settings for the optional Serial Time Output Settings for the three NMEA Sentences are always shown but are only applicable if you have selected NMEA as the Output Format Setting More information about the various formats is in Appendix G Serial Time Output Query cpusertime Unison response Current Serial Time Output Baud Rate Setting 9600 Current Serial Time Output Format Setting Sysplex Current Serial Time Output Parity Setting Odd Current NMEA Sentence 1 Setting ZDA Current NMEA Sentence 2 Setting NONE Current NMEA Sentence 3 Setting NONE cpusertimeconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to change the settings of the optional Serial Time Output The user selectable outputs are the format Sysplex Truetime EndRun EndRunX NENAO NENA1 NENA8 and NMEA the baud rate 4800 9600 19200 57600 and the parity ODD EVEN or NONE The three NMEA sentences can also be changed but ar
90. grade transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to dev rootfs_1 on your Unison using FTP The root file sys tem image will be named with the software part number and version like 60 0 004x2 000_3 00 gz When following the instructions below substitute the name of the actual root file system image that you are installing for 6010 004x 000_3 00 gz Issue these commands from the console of your Uni son ftp remote_host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get 6010 004x 000_3 00 gz dev rootfs_1 transfer the file quit close the ftp session after transfer If you are using ssh you may open a command window on the remote computer and securely trans fer the root file system image using scp from the remote computer to your Unison A command like this should be used scp p 6010 004 000 3 00 52 root cntp your domain dev rootfs_1 Update the default file system partition by issuing this command on your Unison updaterootflag 1 You should see this line displayed UPGRADE is the default root file system Now reboot the system by issuing this command at the shell prompt shutdown r now Wait about 30 seconds for the system to shutdown and re boot Then log in to the Unison using te1 net or ssh fall has gone well you should be able to log in the usual way After you have entered your password the system message will be displayed You should notice that it now
91. grams too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the 69 Unison User Manual APPENDIX recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the origin
92. he Unix like operating systems are best sup ported Performance Reliability and Economy The Unison provides high performance and reliability combined with low power consumption and cost Its internal sub assemblies are fabricated using state of the art components and processes and are integrated in a solid high quality chassis Flexibility It supports a variety of TCP IP network protocols compatible with a variety of platforms and operat ing systems Easy Installation Its standard 1U high 19 rack mountable chassis and indoor mounted magnetic base antenna make installation simpler compared to direct GPS products The antenna and rack mount chassis may be 2 Unison CDMA User Manual mounted in any convenient location Connect it to your network via the rear panel mounted 10 100Base T RJ 45 connector and plug in the AC power cord Initial network configuration is automat ic on networks using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP Manual network configura tion is via the RS 232 serial port and a simple Linux shell script Free FLASH Upgrades Firmware and configurable hardware parameters are stored in non volatile FLASH memory so the Unison can be easily upgraded in the field using FTP and TELNET or the local RS 232 serial port Secure upgrades are possible via SSH and SCP We make all firmware upgrades to our prod ucts available to our customers free of charge 3 Unison User Manual CHAPTER ONE
93. hose shown here are appropriate for a typical network that does not use DHCP Start the configuration process by typing netconfig at the shell prompt 13 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER TWO Unison CDMA root cntp gt netconfig 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 202 Unison CDMA Network Configuration d d dd d ddd d d ddd dkk k e e KKK ke e e e IK IK e e e IK IKK ke ke RIKKI RIK RII RIKKI IKI RII ke kk RII 2 2 k k kk k 2 k k k k k 2 k k This script will configure the TCP IP network parameters for your Unison CDMA You will be able to reconfigure your system at any time by typing netconfig The settings you make now will not take effect until you restart your Unison CDMA so if you make a mistake just re run this script before re booting You will be prompted to enter your network parameters now x ZZ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 LA 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 DHCP Settings Use a DHCP server to configure the ethernet interface yles nlo n HOST name setting Set the hostna
94. ications Changes for Customer Requirements 93 Unison CDMA User Manual Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES CDMA Timing How It Works ChapterOne Introduction The Unison is a precision server of Universal Coordinated Time UTC that can be connected via a 10 100Base T ethernet port to any TCP IP network In its most basic operation it sends Network Time Protocol NTP Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP reply packets in response to NTP SNTP request packets which it has received from clients The timestamps it sends in its NTP SNTP reply packets are accurate to less than one hundred microseconds NTP SNTP client software is available for virtually all operating systems The Unison is composed of a Code Division Multiple Access time and frequency engine inte grated with an IBM PC compatible fanless convection cooled 133 MHz CPU with integral ethernet interface an RS 232 serial port and a power supply Non volatile storage of the embedded Linux operating system and the Unison application software is via FLASH memory For more detailed information that is not included in this manual and links to other sites please visit our website http www endruntechnologies com There you can also download firmware upgrades the latest manuals and other documentation The time and frequency engine in the Unison receives transmissions from base stations also known as cell sites that a
95. ies LLC Writing key number 1 and Key EndRun_Technologies_LLC to ntp keys Enter a key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit 2 Enter the key 1 31 ASCII characters Tempus CDMA Writing key number 2 and Key Tempus_CDMA to ntp keys Enter a key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit 0 NTP Authentication Configuration Do you want authentication enabled using some or all of the keys in the ntp keys file yles nlo You will be prompted for key numbers 1 65534 that you want NTP to trust The key numbers you enter must exist in your ntp keys file If you do not want to use some of the keys in your ntp keys file do not enter them here NTP will treat those keys as untrusted Clients that use any of the trusted keys in their NTP polling packets will receive authenticated replies from the Unison CDMA When you have entered all of the trusted keys that you need enter zero at the next prompt for a key number Enter a trusted key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit Ir Enter a trusted key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit IN Enter a trusted key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit jo NTP Broadcast Multicast Configuration Would you like to enable broadcast multicast server operation yles nlo Set the network broadcast multicast address for the Unison CDMA to use For broadcast mode this address is the all 1 s address on the sub net Example 111 112 113 255 For multicast operation it is this specific
96. illisecond of each second This output starts automatically at power up To configure this output refer to Chapter 5 Control and Status Commands for details on the cpuser time and cpusertimeconfig There are several different formats for this string The format baud rate and parity can all be changed via the front panel keypad or via the console command cpusertimeconfig Baud rate selections are 57600 19200 9600 and 4800 Parity selections are odd even and none Format selections are Sysplex Truetime EndRun EndRunX NENA and NMEA Sysplex means SYStem comPLEX and is a term used to describe computing on clusters of comput ers The Sysplex option is designed to provide time synchronization for an IBM Sysplex Timer It can also be used for precise time synchronization by any computers that do not use NTP and have an available serial port connection The time contained in the string is UTC and it is sent once each second lt SOH gt DDD HH MM SSQ lt CR gt lt LF gt lt SOH gt is the ASCII Start of Header character 0x01 DDD is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour SS is the second of the minute Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D and is the on
97. ining your leap second information from the IERS website you will need to subtract 19 from the TAI UTC leap second values published there to obtain GPS UTC the number needed to set the current and future leap seconds for the Unison At the time of this writing in July of 2005 TAI UTC was 32 seconds and GPS UTC was 13 seconds 66 Unison CDMA User Manual EndRun DES ON TECHNOLOGIES Appendix E Time Figure of Merit TFOM This appendix describes the Time Figure of Merit TFOM number The Unison displays this number in the time of day fields printed by the Unison cdmastat and cntpstat commands see Chapter 5 The TFOM number indicates the level of accuracy that should be included in the interpretation of the time of day and ranges from 6 to 9 time error is lt 100 microseconds time error is lt 1 milliseconds time error is lt 10 milliseconds time error is gt 10 milliseconds unsynchronized state if never locked to I In all cases the Unison reports this value as accurately as possible even during periods of CDMA signal outage where the Unison is unable to directly measure the relationship of its timing outputs to UTC During these CDMA outage periods assuming that the Unison had been synchronized prior to the outage the Unison extrapolates the expected drift of the Unison timing signals based on its knowledge of the characteristics of the internal Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscilla tor TCXO Ov
98. it is re booting After the Linux bootloader displays the message To override and boot the FACTORY partition type FACTORY within 5 seconds you must begin typing factory within five seconds to let the bootloader know that you are going to override the default root file system After you hit lt enter gt the bootloader will boot the factory root file system Watch the rest of the boot process to make sure that you have successfully recovered If the system boots normally then you should resolve the problems with the previous upgrade and re perform it If you want to upgrade your kernel to the IPv6 capable one then you must first be sure that your root file system is version 2 60 or later To upgrade your kernel log in as the root user to the Unison using the local console serial I O port telnet or ssh and perform these operations If you are using tp to perform the upgrade transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to a temporary location on your Unison using FTP The IPv6 kernel image will be named with the software part number like 6010 0041 100 bzimage When fol lowing the instructions below substitute the name of the actual kernel image that you are installing for 6010 0041 100 bzimage Issue these commands from the console of your Unison ftp remote_host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get 6010 0041 100 bzimage tmp transfer the file
99. ividual file this notice applies as if the text was explicitly included in the file SEE ee se ee ee ee ee ae ee ee ee ae ee ee me ke I CI A a a ae ae CA ee a a a a a Copyright David L Mills 1992 2006 Permission to use copy modify and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation and that the name University of Delaware not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific written prior permission The University of Delaware makes no representations about the suitability this software for any purpose It is provided as is without express or implied warranty A 3 ee 74 Unison User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Sysplex Format AppendixG Serial Time Output This option is provided on a second RS 232 serial port It is a serial time string output that provides a once per second sequence of ASCII characters indicating the current time The on time char acter is transmitted during the first m
100. k not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus a
101. kstation that is able to access the network connected to the Unison Alternative ly you could ping one of your servers or workstations from the Unison shell prompt to test the setup Once you have successfully established network communications with the Unison you may perform all maintenance and monitoring activities via telnet and ftp The Unison provides both client and server operation using telnet For security reasons as well as to reduce the memory footprint in the Unison only client operation is supported using ftp Security conscious users will want to use ssh the secure shell replacement for telnet as the login means The companion utility sep provides a secure replacement for ftp as a means of transferring files to and from the Unison Both of these protocols are supported in the Unison via the OpenSSH 16 Unison CDMA User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION implementations for Linux Refer to Appendix Security for more information about the secure shell protocol Using Telnet When establishing telnet connection with your Unison logging in directly as root is not permit ted This is a security measure that makes it slightly more difficult to gain access by simply trying passwords since it is also necessary to know the name of user When you initiate telnet session with the Unison this banner will be displayed EZ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
102. l display its help screen showing the supported keystrokes IMPORTANT After editing etc rc d rc local you must copy it to boot ete rc d directory and re boot the system It is very important to retain the access mode for the file so be sure to use cp p when performing the copy During the boot process the files contained in the hoot etc re d directory are copied to the work ing ete re d directory on the system RAM disk In this way the factory defaults are overwritten You should be able to compile the TEMPUSLXUNISON MIB file on your SNMP management system and access the variables defined therein The factory default community names are Tempus LXUnison for the read only community and endrun_1 for the read write community This is all that is required for operation under vl and v2c of SNMP You can and should change the default community names by editing etc snmpd conf and modifying these two lines rwcommunity endrun_1 rocommunity TempusLXUnison 60 Unison CDMA User Manual Configuring SNMPv1 Trap Generation Configuring SNMPv2c Notifications and Informs Configuration of SNMPv3 SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP To have your Unison send SNMPv1 traps RFC 1215 you must configure the community and desti nation for SNMPv1 traps by uncommenting and editing this line in etc snmpd conf trapsink trapcommunity trapport where trapcommunity should be replaced by your comm
103. m the CDMA transmissions However some ofthe CDMA providers have not implemented this to the level of precision needed for a perfectly smooth transition at UTC midnight on the day of a leap second insertion To ensure that your Unison will precisely handle any UTC leap second transitions your unit has been config ured at the factory for the user entered leap mode If you prefer to have your Unison automatically get its leap second information from the CDMA transmissions then just change the leap mode to automatic You can do this by using console com mand cdmaleapconfig see Chapter 5 Control and Status Commands To view the leap second settings use command cdmaleapmode In the user entered leap mode the current and future leap second values must be manually set You can do this by using console command cdmaleapconfig When the unit is configured at the fac tory the current and future leap second values are set appropriately for the next possible leap second insertion date June 30th or December 31st Ifthere is no leap second insertion scheduled then the same value is set for both the current and future leap seconds Ifthere is a leap second insertion scheduled then a future value is set that is one more than the current value For example as of this writing July 2005 there are 13 leap seconds The next possible leap second insertion date is December 31st and there WILL be a leap second insertion on that date After De cember 31st the
104. mber of the unit and the nature of the problem available before you call If it is determined that the equipment has failed and you want EndRun to perform the repairs we will issue you an RMA number Ship the unit prepaid in the original container or a container of sufficient strength and protection to EndRun Technologies EndRun will not be responsible for damage incurred during shipping to us Customer is responsible for shipping costs to and from EndRun Technologies Be sure the RMA number is clearly identified on the shipping container After the equipment has been received we will evaluate the nature of the problem and contact you with the cost to repair parts and labor and an estimate of the time neces sary to complete the work Limitation of Liability The remedies provided herein are Buyer s sole and exclusive remedies EndRun Technologies shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory EndRun Contact Information Address EndRun Technologies 2270 Northpoint Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95407 U S A Phone 707 573 8633 Fax 707 573 8619 Sales 1 877 749 3878 or 707 573 8633 sales endruntechnologies com Support 1 877 749 3878 or 707 573 8633 support endruntechnologies com Unison CDMA User Manual Unison CDMA User Manual Table of Contents Preface ee TT ET i About EndRun Technologies
105. me of your Unison CDMA Only the base hostname is needed not the domain Enter hostname cntp DOMAIN name setting Set the domain name Do not supply a leading Enter domain name for cntp your domain STATIC IP ADDRESS setting Set the IP address for the Unison CDMA Example 111 112 113 114 Enter IP address for cntp aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 245 DEFAULT GATEWAY ADDRESS setting Set the default gateway address such as 111 112 113 1 you don t have a gateway just hit ENTER to continue Enter default gateway address aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 241 NETMASK setting Set the netmask This will look something like this 255 255 255 0 Enter netmask aaa bbb ccc ddd 255 255 255 248 Calculating the BROADCAST and NETWORK addresses Broadcast 192 168 1 247 Network 192 168 1 240 Your Unison CDMA s current IP address full hostname and base hostname 192 168 1 245 entp your domain entp DOMAIN NAMESERVER S address setting Will your Unison CDMA be accessing a nameserver yles nlo Set the IP address of the primary name server to use for domain your domain Enter primary name server IP address aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 1 14 Unison CDMA User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION will your Unison be accessing a secondary nameserver yles nlo y Set the IP address of the secondary name server to use for domain your domain Enter secondary name server IP address aaa bbb ccc ddd
106. me to time in order to keep UTC which is derived from atomic time in agreement with the Earth s rotation rate Relative to TAI the Earth s rotation rate is slowing down This means that UTC must be retarded periodically in order to maintain agreement between UTC and the apparent daylength If this were not done eventually UTC would drift out of sync with Earth s day and many astronomical and navigational problems would ensue The International Earth Rotation Service IERS is the organization responsible for measuring the relationship between UTC and the rotation rate of the Earth When the difference between UTC and apparent Earth time has exceeded a certain threshold the IERS coordinates with the Bureau Interna tional of the Hour BIH to schedule the insertion of a leap second into the UTC time scale The IERS publishes Bulletin C about 6 months in advance of each possible leap second insertion point Leap seconds may only be inserted at UTC midnight of June 30 or December 31 Bulletin C confirms either that a leap second will or will not be inserted at the next possible insertion point Since the introduction of leap seconds in 1961 they have been added approximately once every 18 months The leap seconds which are needed for your Unison are actually the difference between GPS UTC The GPS time scale began on January 6 1980 At that time the UTC timescale had already under gone 19 leapsecond insertion events If you are obta
107. n the example in chapter 2 make sure that key 2 is included in the trustedkey line and add this line to the end of the ntp conf file broadcastclient If you are not using MDS authentication you would add these lines disable auth broadcastclient If you are using multicast instead of broadcast mode you would replace the broadcastclient keyword with the multicastclient keyword You may remove the line added previously in Basic NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 245 or the authenticated version added in 5 Authenticated NTP Client Setup server 192 168 1 245 key 1 Re start ntpd exe to have it begin using the Unison as a broadcast or multicast server By default the NTP installation program installs ntpd exe as a service called Network Time Protocol and starts it You must use the Services utility in Control Panel to stop the Network Time Protocol service and then re start it Use the NTP utility ntpq exe to check that ntpd exe is able to communicate with the Unison By default it is installed in the Program Files Network Time Protocol sub directory of your Windows NT 2000 XP partition After issuing the command you will see the ntpq exe command prompt ntpq gt Use the command peers to display the NTP peers which your computer is using One of them should be the Unison server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command
108. ndian Cellular these are 52 Sri Lanka 43 53 Sri Lanka 146 54 India 185 55 India 226 56 India 267 57 India 308 58 India 369 59 India 410 60 India 451 61 India 492 PNO is the base station pseudonoise offset 0 to 511 in units of 64 pseudonoise code chips AGC is the automatic gain control DAC byte 0 to 255 with larger numbers implying higher 37 RF gain Typical range is 150 to 220 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER FIVE VCDAC 15 the upper 16 bits of the TCXO voltage control DAC word 0 to 65535 with larger numbers implying higher TCXO frequency Typical range is 20000 to 38000 SN R is the carrier signal to noise ratio 0 00 to 99 9 measured in the CDMA sync channel symbol rate bandwidth Typical range is 2 5 to 11 0 F ERR is the sync channel frame error rate 0 000 to 1 000 with a higher number implying more Cyclical Redundancy Check CRC failures when processing the sync channel message frames Higher numbers will correlate with lower signal to noise ratios FLTS is the fault status which displays the current summary status of the CDMA timing subsystem The summary status is contained in sixteen bits which are displayed in four hexadecimal characters Assertion of any of these bits will also be indicated by illumination of the red LED Each bit of each character indicates the status of a subsystem component Char 0 FLASH Write FPGA Config No Signal DAC Cont
109. ng directory tmp The CDMA subsystem image will be named with the software part number and version like 60 0 0020 000_3 01 bin When fol lowing the instructions below substitute the name of the actual CDMA subsystem image that you are installing for 6010 0020 000 3 01 bin ftp remote_host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get 6010 0020 000_3 01 bin transfer the file quit close the ftp session after the transfer If you are using ssh you may open another command window on the remote computer and securely transfer the CDMA subsystem image to the tmp directory using scp from the remote computer A command like this could be used scp p 6010 0020 000 3 01 bin root cntp your domain tmp Now issue the following command to the Unison console to initiate the upload upgradecdma tmp 6010 0020 000_3 01 bin This command is a script that performs the file transfer to the CDMA engine It first tells the CDMA engine to enter the waiting for download mode and then prompts you with this line When you see the character hit lt enter gt to begin the upload Then it echos the serial port characters sent by the CDMA engine to the console You should next see this message from the CDMA engine Waiting for download using XMODEM 128 or XMODEM 1K both with CRC Control X will abort download 56 Unison CDMA User Manual Problems with the CDMA Upgrade UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE After about
110. ng the Unison NTP subsystem Allows configuration of 5 au thentication and broadcast multicast mode All parameters are retained in non volatile FLASH disk storage ptpconfig Interactive shell script that guides the user in configuring parameters for the PTP IEEE 1588 protocol This command is only available ifthe PTP IEEE 1588 option has been installed setcdmachannelset Command that allows the user to select the channelset for the CDMA sub system to receive This command is not functional in units comfigured for Japanese Cellular operation Command to mask or enable the Signal Loss Fault Prints the current setting for the Signal Loss Fault mask updaterootflag Command to update the flag stored in FLASH that is read by the Linux bootloader at boot time to select operation with either the FACTORY or UPGRADE root file system upgradecdma Shell script that facilitates the CDMA subsystem firmware upgrade process upgradekernel Shell script that facilitates the Linux kernel firmware upgrade process Limited applicability Use with caution Detailed Command Descriptions accessconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to configure limitation of telnet ssh and snmp access to the Unison By default the unit is configured to allow access by all users If you need to limit telnet ssh or snmp access e g for security reasons you must run this script as root from either the RS 232 serial p
111. ny associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of 71 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX F the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include any thing that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components com piler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribu tion of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided un der this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do n
112. o 83 Unison User Manual APPENDIX The identifier will report either GPS or ATOM GPS is reported when the system starts and when locked to CDMA ATOM is only reported when the oscillator type in the Unison is a Rubidium The PTP Stratum will report either 3 or 255 The identifier and the calculated offset to UTC deter mines the PTP Stratum as shown below Identifier PTP Stratum Offset to UTC GPS or ATOM pT 100 mamosees O GPS or ATOM 5 Never locked The PTP leap 59 and leap 61 report either TRUE or FALSE FALSE is reported when no leap inser tion or deletion is pending The leap 61 reports TRUE on the day of a leap second insertion The leap_59 is TRUE on the day of a leap second deletion About the PTP Second and UTC Time The PTP time mode selections are PTP and UTC The IEEE 1588 standard defines the PTP epoch beginning at 0 hours on 1 January 1970 The time measured since this epoch is designated in the standard as PTP seconds The PTP second is monotonic and does not include leap seconds Unlike PTP the UTC second is not monotonic that is from time to time there will be leap second insertions The last second of a leap day is 23 59 60 making the day one second longer than a normal day ending at 23 59 59 See Appendix D Leap Seconds for more information PTP Second When the PTP time mode is set to PTP then the slave clocks must utilize the current leap second and leap second pending flags
113. optional DB 9M connector provides the serial I O interface with a once per second ASCII time string output and is usually not installed For further information refer see description in Appendix G Serial Time Output This IEC 320 standard three prong connector provides AC power This optional 3 position terminal block provides connection to the DC power source and replaces the AC power input jack 5 Using the status LED indicators it s easy to find out if your Unison will work in your desired loca tion 1 Screw the TNC plug on the end of the antenna cable onto the TNC antenna input jack on the chas sis rear panel of the Unison 2 Plug one end of the supplied AC power cord into an 85 270 VAC outlet 3 Plug the other end into the AC input connector on the chassis rear panel of the Unison Place the antenna on a flat preferably metallic surface while the unit is searching for the signal Make sure that it is not blocked by large metallic objects closer than one meter Although the antenna should normally be installed in a vertical orientation usually multipath conditions due to signal re flections indoors cause at least some of the signal to be horizontally polarized so do not be surprised if you find that the unit will work with the antenna oriented either way Multipath conditions can also cause another effect signal cancellation Since the wavelength of the signal is only about 12 to 30 centimeters
114. ort or from a telnet ssh session This script modifies these files etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny These are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must re boot the Unison after running this script for the changes to take effect 35 Unison User Manual CHAPTER FIVE Set accessconfig Unison response Interactive shell script is started cdmachannelset This command displays the CDMA channelset currently being used by the CDMA subsystem It can be one of North American Cellular South Korean Cellular North American PCS Indian Cellular or for certain units Japanese Cellular Query cdmachannelset Unison response Channelset is North American PCS cdmaleapconfig Leap seconds affect NTP UTC and Local Time not GPS Time Leap second insertions occur about once every two years This command starts an interactive shell script that will guide the root user in configuring the way that UTC leap seconds are handled There are two different modes for handling leap second insertions automatic and user entered The Unison is shipped from the factory in user entered leap second mode with the current and future leap second values set appropriately You will need to change these values the next time a leap second is pending The interactive script is very detailed in explaining how these values are obtained and used There is also more information in Appendix D Leap Seconds Query cdmaleapconfig
115. ot accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Pro gram or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automat ically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agree ment or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distri
116. ppendix Upgrading the Firmware for detailed instructions on performing the upgrade procedure Query entprootfs Unison response BOOT_IMAGE UnisonCDMA_1 cntpstat This command allows the user to query the status of the NTP subsystem It retrieves informa tion from the NTP distribution ntpq binary using the peers command to determine the current synchronization status of the NTP subsystem It then retrieves the last line in the logfile var log praecisO monitor controlled by the NTP daemon reference clock driver that communicates with the CDMA timing subsystem This logfile is updated every 16 seconds under normal operation It parses and formats the data contained therein and prints this fixed length generally grossly unsynchronized states could cause the floating offset field to overflow momentarily string having these fields LKSTAT TO CDMA Offset S ssssss TFOM YEAR DOY HH MM SS sssssssss LS Where LKSTAT is the system peer status of the NTP daemon relative to the CDMA subsystem engine either LOCKED or NOTLKD Not locked can imply several things the system has just started there is a fault in the CDMA subsystem which has caused NTP to either be unable to obtain timing information from the CDMA subsystem or to reject the timing information that it is obtaining from it S ssssss is the offset in seconds between the NTP system clock and the CDMA subsystem clock Positive implies that the system clock is ahead of the CDMA
117. r Refer to Chapter 5 RS 232 Serial Port Signal Definitions for details on the signal wiring Jf you are using a computer for your terminal remember which port you are using because you will need to know that in order to set up your terminal software Test the Serial Port You must configure your terminal to use the serial port you used in Connect the RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port You must also configure your terminal to use the correct baud rate number of data bits parity type and number of stop bits Be sure to turn off any hardware or software handshaking The settings for the Unison are 19200 is the Baud Rate 8 is the number of Data Bits e None is the Parity 1 is the number of Stop Bits After configuring these parameters in your terminal apply power to the Unison After about 20 sec onds your terminal should display a sequence of boot messages similar to these 10 Unison CDMA User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk 6010 0040 000 Linux Bootloader v1 00 08 17 2004 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Default root file system FACTORY To override and boot the UPGRADE partition type UPGRADE within 5 seconds These lines are the Linux bootloader boot prompt This prompt will timeout after 5 seconds and the Linux kernel and the factory default Unison root file system will be loaded When the Linux kernel is loaded from FLASH memory into RA
118. r information that will allow custom configuration to fit specific security needs The embedded Linux operating system running in the Unison is based on kernel version 2 4 26 and version 10 of the Slackware Linux distribution As such it supports a complete set of security provi sions e System passwords are kept in an encrypted file etc shadow which is not accessible by users other than root e Direct root logins are only permitted on the local RS 232 console or via SSH e The secure copy utility sep eliminates the need to use the insecure tp protocol for transferring program updates to the Unison e Access via SNMP is configurable to provide the security of the latest version 3 Internet standard which supports both view based access control and user based security using modern encryption techniques Previous versions v1 and v2c supported access control essentially via passwords trans mitted over the network in plain text Refer to Appendix C Simple Network Management Protocol which is dedicated to configuration of SNMP for details e Individual host access to protocol server daemons such as in telnetd snmpd or sshd may be controlled by the tepd daemon and etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny e Risky protocols like TIME DAYTIME and TELNET may be completely disabled by configura tion of the inetd super server daemon 49 Unison CDMA User Manual OpenSSH APPENDIX The last two topics are supported on the Unison by a p
119. r warranty service or repair this product must be returned to EndRun Technologies Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to EndRun Technologies and EndRun Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer However Buyer shall pay all shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to EndRun Technologies from outside the United States Products not manufactured by EndRun Technologies but included as an integral part of a system e g peripherals options are warranted for ninety days or longer as provided by the original equipment manufacturer from date of shipment Extended Warranty The MTBF Mean Time Between Failures for this product is 225 000 hours 25 years After the initial warranty period it is most cost effective for the customer to repair the unit on an as needed ba sis rather than pay for an extended warranty or the annually recurring fees of a service contract Limitation of Warranty The foregoing express warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer or User Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site prepa ration or maintenance TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW THIS WARRANTY AND REMEMDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES REMEDIES AND CONDITIONS WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN STATUTORY EXPRESS O
120. ral ASCII time code formats for use in PSAPs Public Safety Answering Points and they are specified in the NENA PSAP Master Clock Standard Issue 4 These ASCII time code formats are NENA Format 0 NENAO NENA Format 1 NENA1 and NENA Format 8 NENA8 NENAO lt CR gt lt LF gt Q DDD HH MM SS dTZ XX lt CR gt lt LF gt Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition This is the on time character is the space character 0x20 DDD is the day of year 001 366 is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day 00 23 MM is the minute of the hour 00 59 55 is the second of the minute 00 60 d is the DST indicator S I D O TZ XX 15 time zone where XX is 00 through 23 lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character Ox0D The first lt CR gt is the on time character lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A NENAI lt CR gt lt LF gt Q WWW DDMMMY Y HH MM SS lt CR gt lt LF gt Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition This is the on time character is the space character 0x20 WWW is the day of week MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT DD is the day of month 1 31 MMM is the mon
121. rating System 49 OpenSSH een 50 Network Time Protocol 51 Appendix Upgrading the Firmware 53 What You Need To Perform Upgrade 53 Performing the Linux NTP Upgrade 53 Recovering from a Failed Upgrade 55 Performing the Linux Kernel Upgrade 55 Performing the CDMA Upgrade 56 Problems with the Upgrade 57 Appendix Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP 59 SNMPv3 Security nat aaa ee ee aya teas ee dette 59 Enterprise Management Information Base MIB 59 Invocation of the SNMP daemon 60 Quick Start Configuration SNMPv1 v2c 60 Configuring SNMPv1 Trap Generation 61 Configuring SNMPv2c Notifications and Informs 61 Configuration of SNMPv3 6l Appendix D Leap Seconds 65 Background Information
122. re operating in compliance with the TIA EIA 15 95 standard for Code Division Multiple Access CDMA mobile telecommunications This system requires a means of synchronizing the base stations throughout the network so that neighboring cells do not interfere with each other and so that calls can be efficiently transferred between the base stations without inter ruption as the mobile user traverses the cell coverage areas This soft hand off feature means that the mobile telephone must be able to hitlessly drop one base station and pick up the next one To do this the telephone must be able to calculate the relative difference in time between the codes that modulate the signals from each of the base stations which again requires that the base stations be synchronized The system designers chose the Global Positioning System GPS which is itself a CDMA based system as the means of maintaining synchronization and they defined system time to be GPS time Each base station throughout the system contains one or more high performance GPS timing receiv ers with sophisticated algorithms that control either an extremely stable ovenized quartz crystal oscil lator or a Rubidium vapor atomic frequency standard Such elaborate means are needed to meet the very difficult operating specifications required by the IS 95 standard The base station time synchronization must remain within 10 microseconds of GPS time over periods as long as twen
123. re will be 14 leap seconds So all units shipped from the factory between July 2005 and the end of December 2005 will have a current leap second value of 13 and a future leap second value of 14 Your Unison will remember the settings and make a perfect leap second transition at midnight on December 31st If you happen to have your unit powered off on December 31st then when power is reapplied it will know that the leap second transition has passed and behave appro priately After December 31st your unit will show that both the current and future leap seconds are 14 This will continue as long as there is no new leap second insertion scheduled probably for many years When a new leap second insertion is scheduled you will need to alter the current and future values The EndRun Technologies website has a page devoted to notifying users of the next leap second oc currence It also posts the appropriate current and future leap seconds setting for your Unison The appropriate link is http www endruntechnologies com leap htm 65 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX D Background Information Another way to get the leap second information is to go to the International Earth Rotation Service IERS website If a leap second is pending it will be posted by the IERS approximately six months in advance of insertion This information is available in the latest Bulletin C at the IERS website http www iers org Leap seconds are inserted from ti
124. rear panel DB9M plug for secure local terminal access Parameters fixed on 19200 baud 8 data bits no parity stop bit See RS 232 Serial Port Signal Definitions in Chapter 5 for more information Synchronization Accuracy CDMA Receiver Accuracy lt 10 microseconds to UTC when locked typical NTP Timestamp Accuracy lt 10 microseconds 200 packets second 200 000 clients NTP Client Synchronization Accuracy Network factors can limit LAN synchronization accuracy to 1 2 to 2 milliseconds typical 87 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX I Supported IPv4 Protocols SNTP NTP v2 v3 v4 and broadcast multicast mode 5 authentication and autokey SSH server with secure copy utility SCP SNMP v1 v2c v3 with Enterprise MIB TIME and DAYTIME server TELNET client server FTP client DHCP client SYSLOG Supported IPv6 Protocols SNTP NTP v2 v3 v4 and broadcast multicast mode 5 authentication and autokey SSH server with secure copy utility SCP SNMP v1 v2c v3 with Enterprise MIB TIME and DAYTIME server SYSLOG Optional PTP IEEE 1588 Grandmaster TEEE 1588 2002 V1 Timestamp Resolution 1 microsecond PTP Slave Synchronization Accuracy to the Grandmaster 10 microseconds typical network topology dependent Power 90 264 VAC 47 63 Hz 0 5 A Max 120 VAC 0 25 A Max 240 VAC 110 370 VDC 0 5A Max 120 VDC 3 Pin IEC 320 on rear panel 2 meter line cord is included DC Power
125. rol Fault Fault Time Out Over Range No Polling Events Time Input Fault Local Osc Fault DAC Control Over Range This bit indicates that the electronic frequency control DAC for the oscillator has reached either the high 55000 or low 10000 limit while locked to the CDMA sig nal Unless the unit is being subjected to out of specification environmental conditions this would indicate that the oscillator frequency has drifted near to the end of life region This should normally only occur after about ten years of operation The unit will continue to function until the oscillator frequency finally reaches one of the actual DAC endpoints The unit should be returned to the factory for oscillator replacement at the customer s convenience No Signal Time Out This bit indicates that the unit has not been able to acquire a CDMA signal for one hour while the Time Figure of Merit has been 9 the unsynchronized condition This could be due to a variety of reasons If there are no other faults that could explain the inability to receive a signal then there could be an or antenna failure or blockage If the condition persists indefi nitely and a problem with the antenna is not evident the unit may need to be returned to the factory for repair FPGA Config Fault This bit indicates that the microprocessor was unable to configure the FPGA This would be a fatal fault and the unit should be returned to the factory for repair FLASH Write Fault This
126. rors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 170 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 Pay particular attention to the settings shown for etho and in particular the Mask setting which should match that which is appropriate for your network Now check the remaining configuration parameters using route Unison CDMA root cntp gt route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface localnet 255 255 255 248 U 0 0 0 etho loopback 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo default 192 168 1 241 0 0 0 0 UG 1 0 0 etho Here you are interested in the default gateway address It should match the appropriate one for your network If so then the ethernet interface of your Unison has been successfully configured to operate on your network and you are ready to check operation of the Unison over the network If not you should re check your configuration and or repeat the netconfig procedure If you have configured a nameserver s for your network you may check that by issuing this shell command Unison CDMA root cntp gt cat etc resolv conf search your domain nameserver 192 168 1 1 nameserver 192 168 1 2 Which displays the contents of the etc resolv conf file containing your domain name and the nam eserver IP address es to use for that domain Check Network Operation With your Unison network parameters properly configured you are ready to test the setup using ping from a server or wor
127. s You do not need knowledge of Linux commands in order to operate the Unison However the Unison does support a subset of the standard Linux shell com mands and utilities A wealth of information is available from a variety of sources on Linux Only the Unison specific commands will be described in this chapter The serial I O port physical and electrical characteristics are defined as well You do not need to know Linux in order to operate the Unison However for those interested the command shell used by the Unison is the Linux standard bash All commands and file names are case sensitive which is standard for Unix like operating systems If you are unfamiliar with Unix like operating systems and you would like to be able to more closely monitor or optimize the perfor mance of your Unison you should consult either the web http www linuxdoc org or good Linux reference books like Linux in a Nutshell Seiver O Reilly amp Associates 1999 Running Linux Welsh Dalheimer amp Kaufman O Reilly amp Associates 1999 to learn the ins and out ofthe Linux command console 3 Unison CDMA User Manual Available User Commands CHAPTER FIVE COMMAND FUNCTION accessconfig cdmachannelset cdmaleapconfig cdmaleapmode Interactive shell script that guides the user in configuring telnet ssh and snmpd access to the Unison that is limited to specific hosts The resulting etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny files are saved
128. s using One of them should be the Unison server which you have just configured You should verify that it is being reached You may have to con tinue issuing the peers command for a minute or two before you will see the reach count increment If you have other peers configured verify that the offset information for the Unison server peer and your other peers is in agreement to within a few milliseconds assuming that the other peers are syn chronized to that level of accuracy It may also be useful to start the NTP daemon in debug mode ntpd d to confirm successful configuration Refer to the NTP documentation for detailed usage of these debug utilities MDS authenticated setup is relatively simple if e You have been able to successfully communicate with the Unison on your network e Your Unison has been configured to perform authentication either by factory default or by running the ntpconfig shell script The example Unison authentication configuration shown in Chapter 2 Configuring the Network Time Protocol will be assumed in the example configuration commands shown here You have installed NTP on your client computer 22 Unison CDMA User Manual SETTING UP NTP CLIENTS ON UNIX LIKE PLATFORMS e You have successfully performed the Basic NTP Client Setup on your client computer Create the ntp keys File You must create a file named ntp keys in the etc directory It must be a copy of the one residing in
129. sep this shouldn t be a problem It is also possible to have a typing error in the etc ntp conf file that causes the needed key to not be included in the trustedkey list 25 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER THREE 26 Unison User Manual EndRun C TECHNOLOGIES Chapter Four Setting Up NTP Clients on Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP To configure your Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP computer to use your Unison you must have success fully completed the Basic Installation procedures in Chapter 2 This manual is not a How To on installing and using NTP basic approaches to NTP configuration for operation with the Unison will be described here Installation must be performed by a user with administrative priviledges on the system Ifyou have never used NTP then you should spend some time reading the on line documents at http www ntp org Although all the information is available at the above site the following are excellent tutorials on set ting up NTP and are easier to understand http www sun com solutions blueprints 0701 NTP pdf http www sun com solutions blueprints 080 1 NTPpt2 pdf http www sun com solutions blueprints 0901 NTPpt3 pdf If you have a new server many problems may be solved by the helpful people who participate in the Internet news group devoted to NTP at comp protocols time ntp Three methods of using the Unison with NTP clients on Window NT 4 0 platforms will be described Basic This is th
130. stallations may need to mask this fault when operat ing the NTP server as a Stratum 2 server The factory default setting is ENABLED Set sigfltmask MASKED Unison response Signal Loss Fault Mask set to MASKED sigfltmask This command displays the current setting for the Signal Loss Fault Mask Query sigfltmask Unison response Signal Loss Fault is ENABLED updaterootflag This command allows the user to update the configuration of the Linux bootloader after a new root file system image has been uploaded to the UPGRADE root file system partition dev rootfs_1 of the Unison FLASH disk It may also be used to reset the default back to the FACTORY root file system partition Refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for detailed instructions for performing the upgrade procedure One argument is accepted whose value is either 0 or 1 causing a flag to be set that will indicate to the bootloader which root file system image should be loaded by default If an argument value of 2 is given then the currently configured default root file system is shown Set updaterootflag 1 Unison response UPGRADE is the default root file system Query updaterootflag 2 Unison response UPGRADE is the default root file system upgradecdma This script allows the user to upgrade the CDMA subsystem firmware It requires one argument the path to the binary file to be uploaded to the CDMA engine It issues the commands over the serial port to the CDMA subsyst
131. th JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC YY is the two digit year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day 00 23 MM is the minute of the hour 00 59 55 is the second of the minute 00 60 lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0 0 The first lt CR gt is the on time character lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A 78 Unison CDMA User Manual NMEA Format SERIAL TIME OUTPUT NENAS lt CR gt lt LF gt Q YYYY DDD HH MM SS D ZZ lt CR gt lt LF gt Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition This is the on time character 5 is the space character 0x20 YYYY is the four digit year DDD is the day of year 001 366 is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day 00 23 MM is the minute of the hour 00 59 55 is the second of the minute 00 60 d is the DST indicator S I D O ZZ or time zone offset relative to UTC 00 12 lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D The first lt CR gt is the on time character lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A The National Marine Electronics Association NMEA has developed a specification that defines the interface between various pieces of marine electronic equipment This standard defines sentences that contain
132. the etc directory of your Unison You can telnet into your Unison and start an ftp session with your client computer to send the Unison s etc ntp keys file to your client computer use the secure copy utility scp or you can just use a text editor on your client computer to create an equivalent file IMPORTANT Handling of the etc ntp keys file is the weak link in the MD5 authentication scheme It is very impor tant that it is owned by root and not readable by anyone other than root After transferring the file by tp and placing it in the efc directory on the client computer issue these two commands at the shell prompt chown root root etc ntp keys chmod 600 etc ntp keys Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd the NTP daemon looks for by default in the etc directo ry Assuming that you have created two trusted keys as shown in the example in the previous chapter add these lines to the end of the ntp conf file keys etc ntp keys trustedkey 1 2 Modify the line added previously in Basic NTP Client Setup so that authentication will be used with the Unison server using one of the trusted keys in this case key 1 server 192 168 1 245 key 1 Re start ntpd to have it begin using the Unison server with MDS authentication Use the NTP utility to check that ntpd is able to communicate with the Unison After issuing the command ntpq you will see the ntpa command prompt ntpq gt Use the command
133. the unit and any nameservers you may want it to have access to OpenSSH By default sshd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses It may be forced to listen on either IPv4 only or IPv6 only by editing the etc rc d rc inet2 startup script where sshd is started and then copying it to boot etc rc d Net SNMP By default snmpd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses This may be changed by editing etc rc d rc local and modifying the agent address argument passed to snmpd at start up and then copying it to boot etc rc d 47 Unison CDMA User Manual CHAPTER SIX IPv6 Capable syslog ng To enable remote syslogging to an IPv6 host you will need to edit the new etc syslog ng conf file and copy it to boot etc At boot time the presence of both the syslog ng daemon and the boot etc syslog ng conf file will cause the new IPv6 capable syslog ng daemon to be started instead of the previous syslogd klogd pair of daemons These two files remain on the system for backward compatibility with customers existing etc syslog conf setups but they are not IPv6 capable If you are not currently directing your system logs to a remote host or you are not using IPv6 then there is little or need or benefit to changing to syslog ng IPv4 Only Protocols There are several protocols which are not IPv6 capable telnet client and server ftp and dheped Due to their intrinsic insecurity telnet and ftp are
134. these two files directly and then copy them to the boot etc directory A very compact editor with WordStar command keystrokes is avail able on the system for this purpose edit If you start edit without giving it a file name to open it will display its help screen showing the supported keystrokes Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using cp p when copying the files inetdconfig modifies the etc inetd conf file which is read by inetd to start up various protocol server daemons when requests from remote hosts are received Currently three servers are configu rable via inetdconfig TIME and DAYTIME whose daemons are contained within the inetd daemon itself and in telnetd Any one or all of these may be enabled or disabled for start up The secure shell protocol server running in the Unison is based on the portable OpenSSH for Linux As such it supports both SSH1 and SSH2 protocol versions For more information about this proto col and to obtain client software refer to the OpenSSH website http www openssh com An excellent book which describes operation and configuration of the various SSH implementations including OpenSSH is available from O Reilley amp Associates SSH The Secure Shell Barrett amp Silverman O Reilley amp Associates 2001 0 Unison CDMA User Manual Network Time Protocol SECURITY In the interest of conserving scarce system memory resources only the secure shell s
135. time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character Ox0A 75 Unison CDMA User Manual Truetime Format EndRun Format APPENDIX G The format of the Truetime string is identical to the Sysplex format The only difference between the two is that the Sysplex format always uses UTC time The time contained in the Truetime format depends on the time mode of the Unison See gntptimemodeconfig in Chapter 5 Control and Status Commands For example if you want an output with this string format that uses Local Time then select the Truetime format The time contained in this string depends on the time mode of the Unison For example if you want the time in this string to be UTC then set the time mode of the Unison to UTC See gntptimemo deconfig in Chapter 5 Control and Status Commands The following string is sent once each second TYYYY DDD HH MM SS zZZ m lt CR gt lt LF gt YYYY DDD HH MM ss 77 lt gt lt LF gt 76 1s the Time Figure of Merit TFOM character described in Appendix E TFOM This is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second is the year is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A is the hour ofthe day is the minute of the hour is the second of the minute is the sign of the offset to UTC implies time is ahead of UTC is the magnitude of the offset to UTC in units of half hours
136. to the non volatile FLASH disk Factory default configuration allows access by all hosts Prints the current CDMA channelset being used It can be one of North American Cellular South Korean Cellular North American PCS Indian Cellular or Japanese Cellular Guides the user in configuring the way in which UTC leap sec onds are handled either automatically via CDMA basestation transmissions or by user entered current and future leap second parameters Prints the current CDMA leap second mode of operation either automatic or user entered If user entered prints the current and future leap second values Prints the CDMA subsystem status information to the console cdmaversion Prints the CDMA firmware and FPGA version information to oh 0 configured OCXO cntpstat Allows the root user to change the password for the two config ured users on the Unison cntpuser and root This script calls the standard Linux passwd binary and then saves the resulting etc shadow file to the non volatile FLASH disk Prints the current root file system image either UnisonCDMA _ 0 factory default or UnisonCDMA 1 field upgrade which is running in the Unison to the console Parses the output of ntpq c peers to obtain the system peer status of the NTP CDMA reference clock It also retrieves the current reference clock polling status data and prints it to the console cntptimemode Prints the time mode settings in effect for any optional time co
137. to update the authentication related commands in the ntp conf file You will be able to configure the broadcast mode of operation with or without authentication If you supply the multicast address instead of your network broadcast address then you will be able to configure the time to live of the multicast packets The changes you make now will not take effect until you re boot the Unison CDMA If you make a mistake just re run ntpconfig prior to re booting You will now be prompted for the necessary set up parameters FF FF FH d OE O O d Unison CDMA User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 LA 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 203 MD5 Keyfile Configuration Would you like to create a new ntp keys file yles nlo y You will be prompted for a key number 1 65534 then the actual key When you have entered all of the keys that you need enter zero at the next prompt for a key number MD5 keys may contain from 1 to 31 ASCII characters They may not contain SPACE TAB LF NULL or characters Enter a key number 1 65534 or 0 to quit 1 Enter the key 1 31 ASCII characters EndRun Technolog
138. try for at least a day since base stations are taken down for service from time to time If you have a CDMA phone see if it will work in digital mode If it will then your Unison may be damaged and should be returned to the factory for repair or exchange This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc tion manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmul interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Mount the Unison Using standard 19 rack mounting hardware mount the unit in the previously surveyed location 8 Unison CDMA User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION Ground the unit properly with the supplied power cord Position the power cord so that you can easily disconnect it from the Unison Do not install the Unison where the operating ambient temperature might exceed 122 F 50 C Connecting the DC Power Option Connect the safety ground terminal to earth ground Connect the terminal to the positive output of the DC power sour
139. tware The other file is the firmware for the time and frequency subsystem Each of these files may be upgraded independently although some upgrades require both images to be modified together You will need to use tp or sep to transfer the binary image file s to the Unison This means that you must place the previously downloaded file s in a place on your network which is accessible to the Unison There are two FLASH disk partitions which hold the compressed Linux root file system images These partitions are raw FLASH blocks have no file system and may not be mounted They are ac cessed through low level devices To protect the factory root file system from accidental erasure or over writing the device node has been deleted The upgrade FLASH disk partition is accessed via dev rootfs_1 When performing an upgrade you will be copying the new image to this device Some browsers will automatically unzip the file when downloading from the website Please make sure that the downloaded file size matches what the website says it should be Upgrading the partition with a too large file size will cause problems To perform the upgrade log in as the root user to the Unison using the local console serial I O port telnet ssh and perform these operations First erase the upgrade partition by issuing this command at the shell prompt eraserootfs_1 53 Unison CDMA User Manual APPENDIX If you are using tp to perform the up
140. ty four hours during which GPS satellite signals might not be available typically due to antenna cable failure damage or vandalism and in an environment where large ambient temperature swings may occur Equipment capable of meeting these requirements is at the current state of the art 1 Unison User Manual Where to Use It Main Features CHAPTER ONE The CDMA time and frequency engine in the Unison receives the same initialization signals transmit ted by the base stations that are used by the mobile telephones to establish their synchronization to system time The mobile telephones cannot communicate in the system until they have established synchronization with the received spread spectrum encoded waveform Unlike the mobile tele phones once this synchronization has occurred the CDMA time and frequency engine in the Uni son has all of the information that it needs to perform its function of delivering accurate UTC time to network of computers The mobile telephone must decode much more information establish two way communications with the base station and be a paid subscriber to performs its function of placing and receiving calls All of this means that during normal operation the quality of the timing information being trans mitted from each of the base stations is virtually a repeat of that directly obtainable from the GPS The big difference is that the received signal strengths from the base stations are a minimum of
141. unity and 15 the IP address or hostname of the destination host for receiving the traps generated by the Unison By de fault the trap will be sent to port 162 You may optionally add another parameter trapport to the end of the above line to override the default port setting Otherwise leave it blank Note Though the agent will recognize multiple trapsink lines within etc snmpd conf and send the generic SNMP coldStart or authenticationFailure traps to each destination the enterprise trap genera tion mechanism of the Unison will only send a trap to the last declared trapsink in the file To have your Unison send SNMPv2c notifications SMIv2 RFC 2578 or informs you must con figure the communities and destinations by uncommenting and editing one or both of these lines in etc snmpd conf trap2sink trap2community trap2port informsink informcommunity informport where trap2community and informcommunity should be replaced by your communities and XXX XXX XXX XXX 1S the IP address or hostname of the destination host for receiving the notifica tions or informs generated by the Unison By default the v2c trap or inform will be sent to port 162 You may optionally add another parameter trap2port or informport to the ends of the above lines to override the default port setting Otherwise leave it blank Note Though the agent will recognize multiple trap2sink
142. you should create your own keys after you understand the process and have your clients operating correctly with the default file IMPORTANT Handling of the windows system32 drivers etc ntp keys file is the weak link in the MD5 authen tication scheme It is very important that it is owned by administrator and not readable by anyone other than administrator After transferring the file make sure that its security properties are set such that it is readable only by the administrator Configure NTP You must edit the ntp conf file which ntpd exe the NTP daemon looks for by default in the the winnt system32 drivers etc directory If your NTP installation placed this file in a different place you must find it and edit it For example XP uses windows system32 drivers etc Add these lines to the end of the ntp conf file keys winnt system32 drivers etc ntp keys trustedkey 1 2 Modify the line added previously in Basic NTP Client Setup so that authentication will be used with the Unison server using one of the trusted keys in this case key 1 server 192 168 1 245 key 1 Re start ntpd exe to have it begin using the Unison server with MDS authentication By default 29 Unison CDMA User Manual Broadcast Multicast NTP Client Setup CHAPTER FOUR the NTP installation program installs ntpd exe as a service called Network Time Protocol and starts it You must use the Services utility in Control Panel to stop the

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