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WinSRFR User Manual - NRCS Irrigation ToolBox

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1. a O Inflow Method Standard Hydragraph X W o Cutoff Options a Tihe Method Time Based Cutoft gt Runoff Rate Cutoff Tims Tea E wm Inflow Runoft Mass Balance Volume Applied 0 032 ML Cutba ptions Runot 0 002 ME wl nfittreted 0 031 ML Method Time Based Cutback Average infiltrated Deptt Cutback Time fo 5 ol Cutoti Cuthack Rete as of Inflow Rete ien Event World System Geometry Inflow Runoif Analysis Execution Results see Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt User Level Advanced The Inflow Management Tab first provides input boxes for entering the Unit Water Cost cost of water per unit volume and the Required Irrigation Depth D Both of these variables are used primarily for post irrigation performance assessment but D is sometimes used to specify inflow options as will be described further below There are two basic approaches for entering inflow information selectable from the Inflow Method drop down list The Tabulated Inflow option allows the user to enter a table of time vs discharge values Such an approach should be used when the analysis is attempting to reproduce an observed irrigation event based on a measured time varying inflow hydrograph Hence this option is available in the Event Analysis and Simulation Worlds but not for Physical Design or Operational Analysis As with other tabular data hydrogra
2. 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 46 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 6 1 4 6 1 Tools Additional Tools provided by WinSRFR can be found under the Tools menu on the Project Management Window e Data Comparison Tool e Conversion Chart Tool Data Comparison Tool The Data Comparison Tool is used to combine and compare graphical results from the Event Analysis and Simulation Worlds To activate the tool from the Project Management Window click on the Tools Data Comparison command Use the check boxes in the Data Explorer tool to select the analyses that you want to include in the combined chart then press option buttons in the Type of Data to Compare box to select the type of graphical outputs that you want to generate e g advance recession Last use the tabs at the top of the chart window to select the particular chart that you want to view If you need to change the sequence of colors used to display the different series use the User Preferences Color command you will need to exit the Data Comparison Tool and return to the Project Management Window Youcan send the output to a color printer and copy and paste the displayed information to other Windows applications either as bitmaps or as tabular data To clear selections uncheck the corresponding boxes in the Data Explorer tool You can also click on the Data Comparison menu command Edit Clear all Selections to simultaneously
3. DEE AS Dk Ect Hep Furrow Field Data Furrow Shape SES D PH TB gt Trapezoid D Profilameter Data No of Rods e S Pro lometer Trapezoid Rod Spacing D 2 Profilometer Dain Rod Location Rod Depth tai ee aan E 739 0 71 0 31 5 32 0 55 5 53 1 02 ESA A4 1 57 Trapezoid Furrow bes 1e Bottom Width i FA 2 KEN 3 46 Pe 237 339 Side Slope i 32 3 es K Lz Max Depth in pma Cross Section Area f 2 0263 Trapezoid Ares R 2 0 241 a oole Figure 1 4 3 1 Cross Sectional Data Entered as Profilometer Readings 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 28 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 3 2 Soil Crop Properties The Soil Crop Properties tab describes the field s hydraulic roughness and infiltration characteristics Inputs that need to be provided and choices for those inputs depend on the particular World Bi WinSAFRA Physical Design Bletz De Edit View Design Help Ne mo KR i Fear Brown Farm Field Cotton Field l a Folder Border Field Analysis Design 1 _ Roughness Infiltration 100 mim 6 27 hr a intiitration Time i 12430 Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n z _ Infiltration Method NRCS Intake Family Several methods can describe the infiltration of water into the soil Kostiakovk 25 528 mm hra Kostiakova 0 748 Roughness describes the resistance to water flowing down
4. A ARID LAND UB ee AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER WinSRER 1 0 User Manual DRAFT WinSRFR 1 0 Help amp Manual DRAFT Surface Irrigation Analysis Design amp Simulation by ALARC WinSFFR is produced by U S Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 21881 N Cardon Lane Maricopa AZ 85239 Contents l Table of Contents Part Welcome to WinSRFR 3 T Getting Sta rted EE 5 Operating System and Hardware Requirements ccsccssssssseesneseesenesseseneneeseseneneesaesenenaesaesaneseesaesanenaeseneseeseeseneas 5 Installation Uninstallation 20 0 0 ccsecsesesesseeeseseesseessessesssesseeseesesseeseeseessnenaeseeseesaeseeanenaesoeesnesaesenesnesesenesnesesseeseneneons 6 Accessibility SSUES ciiisiissccisieissecssciiscccdissssanccsssosssnccsosssecescoossaasacssouecseccsousadsiscoaadaiadasncadadsassacsndsuedadsiusedepedsnudivecesosssnaccdeo 6 Credits and Acknowledgements csseseessessesnesseesneseesseesaeseeseeesaeseseeesaesseeneesaeseneneesaesenenaesaesaneneesaeeanenaeseneseeseenoneas 7 Disclaimer 2 Irrigation Analysis Overview 3 Hydraulic Analysis Overview ccceceeeeceeeeeeeeecneeee eee eeeaneeccaeeesceeeeeeeeaaeeseaeeeeeeeeeaaaeeceeeeeeseeenanees 9 Event Analysis 9 Simulation EES 10 Physcial Design siccisiiiccecsinseissieirdeetacsesiisicgacesiecssectetncdudeatacieceadscetdacsecsessdeedst
5. Welcome to WinSRFR 53 User Preferences are grouped depending on their use and application Startup Default values for application wide data Files Paths to commonly used files folders Views Options for enabling disabling and controlling WinSRFR views Dialogs Options controlling whether or not certain dialog boxes are displayed Units Units system and default units selection Colors Colors to use for graphs See User Preferences Dialog Box for more details Startup The Edit User Preferences Startup command sets default values in new projects These include the nomenclature used Project Case or Farm Field Farm Name Owner and Default Evaluator The last three fields can be left blank Files The Edit User Preferences Startup command sets the path and filename for the WinSRFR diagnostic files By default the pathname is set to the folder provided by Windows for application data C Documents and Settings jschlegel ALARC Application Data USDA WinSRFR 1 0 The user can change this field to any path that can be more easily accessed than the default value Views The Edit User Preferences Views command determines whether graphical outputs will be displayed on screen as charts only or in print preview mode with additional text included It is also used to control the display of the simulation animation window Dialogs The Edit User Preferences Views command controls the display of two dialogs If the Sugg
6. 2006 USDA ARS Ad Land Agricultural Research Center 72 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Color Tab Line Colors selects the colors for individual lines when drawing graphs Colors are used in the order shown when multiple parameters are drawn on the same graph i User Preferences 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 73 1 6 6 2 Units Dialog Box WinSRFR provides the option of working in either Metric or English units with additional options available under each Use the radio button to select the Unit System and the drop down controls to select the desired options Pressing the Ok button will apply your selections and close the dialog box Pressing the Apply button will apply your selections and leave the dialog box displayed so more changes can be made Pressing the Close button will close the dialog box without applying the last set of changes Select Unit System amp Options Meine Units 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 74 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 6 6 3 Match Infiltration Method In WinSRFR there are six methods selected using the Soil Crop Properties tab for specifying how water infiltrates into the soil Known Characteristic Infiltration Time NRCS Intake Family Time Rated Infiltration Family Kostiakov Formula Modified Kostiakov Formula Branch Function D0
7. A particular approach to establishing the infiltration formula constants is chosen by selecting one of the following options Time Rated Intake Families Modified Kostiakov formula Branch Function Known Characteristic Infiltration Time SCS intake families eN For a given soil the numerical values of the infiltration formula constants are heavily dependent on the assumption made for the effect of wetted perimeter on infiltration Approximately for a given soil the Kostiakov coefficients except for the exponent a are inversely proportional to the effective wetted perimeter The default wetted perimeter for infiltration is the furrow spacing except in the case that the SCS intake families are selected then it is the value given by the SCS empirical wetted perimeter formula Soil infiltration characteristics are particularly important in their effect on irrigation performance yet at the same time are often poorly known In such case if the user can at least estimate the time the soil requires to infiltrate a depth of 100 mm 4 inches the empirical relationship incorporated into the Time Rated Intake Families for non cracking soils can provide an estimate of the other characteristics In the 1970s the Soil Conservation Service now NRCS devised a system of characterizing soil infiltration by membership in a group of families USDA 1974 The name of the family a decimal number was related to the final basic infiltration rat
8. Data Summary Tab Verify all values on one tab Execution Tab Press Run Button Results Tab View the various results tabs Rerun with other Inflow Rates amp Cutoff Times 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 87 2 3 Design a Basin Field Design a Basin Field is based on Chapter 4 Example Design from the WCL Report 19 BASIN A Computer Program for the Design of Level Basin Irrigation Systems Version 2 0 published by the USDA ARS US Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix AZ This example design and operation of a level basin is followed step by step but is updated for use with WinSRFR You may open the WinSRFR file Basin Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example Design Objective Determine the optimal basin size for the following field and design conditions Field Dimensions 600 m wide by 1200 m long Basin Dimensions To Be Determined TBD Anticipated Cropping Pattern A variety of crops will be grown with alfalfa creating the most resistance to flow thus a Manning n of 0 15 would be selected for this condition A Manning n of 0 04 is used for anticipated smooth conditions or level furrows used within the basins Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops the design application depth Dreq is 100 mm which is characterized by an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov exponent a of 0
9. maximum depth of water in the border strip basin or furrow and indicates the degree of freeboard available If an overflow condition has occurred during the simulation the word OVERFLOW appears Overflow is accounted for in furrow irrigation by means of the physical assumption that neighboring furrows on either side have identical flows overflow is not accounted for in border or basin irrigation The Performance Synopsis graph displays the longitudinal post irrigation distribution of infiltrated water as well as a series of numerical performance indicators efficiency uniformity etc The user can select performance based on the minimum depth in the distribution or on the average low quarter depth And the distribution curve can be selected either as reflecting the actual physical location of each infiltrated depth or else ordered by magnitude i e simply ranging from maximum to minimum as a function of the percent of field area with that amount or more infiltrated The Hydraulic Summary is a combination graph showing for each selected simulation the inflow hydrograph the advance and recession curves the runoff hydrograph and the longitudinal post irrigation distribution of infiltrated water The Advance and Recession curves show these trajectories on a common set of axes 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 134 WinSRFR Help amp Manual If recession takes place well after the en
10. Normal Depth Kinematic Wave Model DI Dun Simulation _ Standard Critena Advanced Cen Errors and Warnings Graphics Graphics Control Cell Density Diagnostics Warning Analysis has already been run This analysis has already been run If you run it again you will lose the current results To save the current results copy amp paste this analysis to anew one then make your changes in and run the new analysis Simulation World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties Inflow Management Data Summary I Results Results are available Yiew using the Results tab User Level Advanced 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 45 1 4 5 Run Results Tabs After successfully completing an analysis WinSRFR will display the corresponding results in a series of tabs located at the top of the window These tabs are only visible after the Results Tab at the bottom of the window is selected Each results tab contains data that will print on a separate page The tabs are accessible from its World Window and are located at the top of the form Results tabs display either text alone or a combination of text and graphs with each tab representing a separate print page Use the View menu to select the format for viewing amp printing the results Results will be displayed in the Results Tabs as long as
11. Objective Simulate the operating conditions of a single furrow within the following border field Border Dimensions 40m wide by 400m long Furrow Dimensions 1 25m spacing 400m long Trapezoid shaped Anticipated Cropping Pattern Bare soil yields a resistance to flow represented by a Manning n of 0 04 Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops to be grown the design application depth Dreq is 100 mm which is characterized be an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov a of 0 5 Available Flow Rate to Borders 230 Ips AE 80 Step 1 Simulate the operating conditions of a single furrow within the following border field Enter field conditions and run criteria Simulation World Tab Cross Section Furrow Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Open End System Geometry Tab Slope S 0 0005 m m Furrow Shape Trapezoid Bottom Width W 300 mm Side Slope 1 5 H V Maximum Depth 300 mm Furrow Spacing 1 25 m Furrow Length 400 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 04 Bare Soil Infiltration Method Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Char Infiltration Depth 100 mm Corr Infiltration Time 3 5 hr 210 min Corr Kostiakov a 0 5 Inflow Management Tab Required Depth Dreq 100 mm 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 86 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Inflow Rate Q 4 Ips Cutoff Time Tco 8 hr
12. W Jr Q The variables for Maximum Limit Line Criteria design are DU Distribution Uniformity L Basin Length W Basin Width Q Inflow Rate Zn Net Infiltration Tco Cutoff Time Operations One operations method is provided to evaluate the performance of a basin irrigation 1 Evaluation of an actual irrigation event Evaluation of the Results of Operation with a Particular Design Choice Once the design is made this option is used to determine how the basin will perform given the field dimensions flow rate and operating rules The operating rules define when the inflow is cut off based on time or based on the advance distance This option is useful for examining the results of a design in terms of how it will perform over a range of infiltration and roughness conditions and under different flow rates This would allow one to perform a sensitivity analysis Terminolo R Relative Advance at Tco The relative advance distance at cutoff R is defined as the ratio of advance distance at cutoff to the field length For user input R is limited to the range 0 70 to 1 0 For non cracking soils this should cover the reasonable range of conditions For cracking soils smaller values of R are possible but systems with such soils are not intended to be designed with BASIN Basin Length L English Units User input of basin length in the direction of flow is limited to 10 to 3281 ft 2006 USDA
13. still need to be calculated they will display as TBD to be determined Pressing the Run button generates the analysis results that can be viewed using the Results Tab M WinSRFR Basin Operations Optimize operations for a given Inflow Aate or DU Bile Edt View Drogen Help Ha aa BASIN Operations gt zz Run Control AVAILABLE OPTIONS Select One Run WARNING This analysis has already been run If you run it again you will lose the current results If you want to save the current results use the Project Management Window to copy amp paste this analysis to a new one then make your changes in and run the newly created analysis Reter to the Operations World tab for more information on the selected option Operations World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties Inflow Management Execution gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt User Level Advanced 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 43 1 4 4 6 Border Operations When analyzing the operations a sloping border field using the Operations Analysis World the Execution Tab displays a summary of key design inputs using editable input boxes Management Parameters and also program execution controls These controls are Design Options and Contour Ranges Contour Ranges are used to control
14. 115 73 73 73 n Profile Depth ei Depth Sais AWC SWD Profile SWD Cum SWD 75 mm 7mm 82 mm Event World tem Geom Soil Crop Properties Inflow Runot e Measurements gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field anne User Level Standard Ge 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 36 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 3 6 Advance Recession When using the Merriam Keller analysis in the Event Analysis World the Advance Recession tab is used to enter the irrigation s advance and recession Distances amp Times WinSRFR calculates the Opportunity Times as the differences between the Recession and Advance times EIRA i Dt ls KEES 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 37 1 4 3 7 Two Point Data When using the Elliot Walker two point analysis in the Event Analysis World the Two Point Advance tab is used to end the Distances amp Times for the two points PS WinSRFR Furrow Two pomt data Elliot Walker O x De Edit View Evaluation Help e H Ie e Two Point Advance Elevation Normal Inflow Surface infiltrated Distance Time Drop Depth Volume Volume Volume Poiti bon m Fe mr 1317mm 21mm O 011ML DM 0 07 ML Point2 e m be hr 2744mm mm 0 035ML O002ML 0 033ML Power Advance Exponent 0 627 Event World System Geometry S
15. 47 Creating and Using WinSRFR Projects 13 Credits and Acknowledgements 7 Cut Copy Paste 64 D Data Comparison Tool 46 Data Entry Tabs 22 Data Exchange with other WinSRFR Projects 54 Data Exchange with Windows Applications 54 Data History 15 Data Organization 48 Data Summary Tab 34 Data Table Entry 59 Design a Basin Field 87 Design a Border Field 93 Dialog Boxes 66 Disclaimer 7 E Edit Furrow Cross Section Data 75 Elliot Walker Infiltration 39 Evaluate a Furrow Irrigation 84 Event Analysis 9 Event Analysis World 17 Execution Control Tabs 38 F Farm 49 Field amp World Folders 49 Farms 49 Field Data 50 Fields 49 File Management 51 G Getting Started 5 H Help 58 Hydraulic Analysis Overview 9 ID 15 Inflow Management Tab 32 Installation Uninstallation 6 Irrigation Analysis Overview 8 Irrigation Simulation 43 K Keyboard Navigation 79 L Log 15 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Index 139 Match Infiltration Method 74 Merriam Keller Infiltration 38 Operate a Basin Irrigation 89 Operate a Border Irrigation 95 Operating System and Hardware Requirements 5 Operational Analysis 12 Operations Analysis World 19 P Physical Design 11 Physical Design World 18 Probe Measurements Tab 35 R Run Results Tabs 45 WER Simulate a Basin Irrigation 91 Simulate a Border Irrigation 98 Simulate a Furrow Irrigation 85 Simulatio
16. Clemmens USDA NRCS provided significant input and feedback during the development of this software package In particular USDA ARS acknowledges the contributions of Mr Clarence Prestwich Irrigation Specialist National Water amp Climate Center USDA NRCS 1 1 5 Disclaimer The software can be used to analyze both practical and theoretical irrigation problems Analytical procedures are based on mathematical representations of irrigation systems using a combination of physical principles and empirical relationships Users need to interpret results judiciously however as they depend on uncertain inputs and assumptions that may be violated in the field The United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service accept no liability or responsibility of any kind resulting from installation and use of this software 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 2 Irrigation Analysis Overview WinSRER organization and functionality were defined based on the analytical process typically followed when examining surface irrigation hydraulic problems The first step in the process is an evaluation of current performance The analysis based on field measured data determines the fate of the irrigation water how much water was applied how much contributed to satisfy the requirements e g to replace the soil water deficit and how much was lost by deep pe
17. EE Keyboard Navigation EE Common Tasks Evaluate a Furrow Irrigation eecceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeesgaeecaeeeeeeeeeeaaaesseeeeeeeeenannees 84 Simulate a Furrow IrriQd tiOn ccccccseeesseeece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteneeaeeeaeeeeeeeeeaaaeeceaeeeeeeeeeaneeseeneeeeeees 85 RER Basim Field ET 87 Op rat a Basin Iirigatioi ege 89 Simulate a Basin Irrigation ssssssssunnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn annman nanna 91 Design a Border Field 0ccccccccseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaeecaeeees ceeeeeeeggaaeaaeeeeeeeeeasaneeeneeeeeeenannees 93 Operate a Border Irrigation cccccccceseeeeceeeeeeeeeeceeeeee ee eeeeeeeeaeencaeeeeeeeeegsaaeseaeeeeseeeeaaeesseneeeneees 95 Simulate a Border Irrigation ccccccecesseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecaeeeeeeeeegaaesseeeeseeeeeaaeeseeeeeeneees 98 Technical Background 100 BASIN EE 101 BORDER sites sees a ch wt a EES 103 SPER cedetehdefelecelecelacedecedesetecstenatecedesatecedecaecetacatacefacataceteceucestuseeuavetdeduausedesveusedeeveuucoreussuteuss 107 Manuals and le pp jase ccc cists sd acta einen Gees 110 BASIN BORDER SRFR Terminology 135 Index 138 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 3 1 Welcome to WinSRFR WinSRFR is an integrated hydraulic analyses application for surface irrigation systems that combines a simulation engine
18. Geckor Upstream Consens Length vs Width Tradeoffs i NoDranback L Basin hie design option produces 4 seres of desian Border Downstream Condition contours showing the tradeatts between length Cee and width tor a border field Fam Opentagd C ip p Yalues you will enter Border Design Target Inhitraton Depth Zn in Intlow Rete Q ig Ranges tor Length amp Width r Given an Inflow Rate find the tedeotis between erpen i ie lh AA ai alues WinSRFR will calculate Given a Border Witith find the tradeoffs between Loree SERN Aini Border Length and Inflow Rate hen you elt Select s pointwithin the contours so a Water Using Distribution Diagram and e set of Performance Depth Criteria Low Quarer zl Parameters can be added to the Results Design World System Geometry Sail Crop Properties Inflow Management Execution Results BORDER Execution Camplete User Level Advanced After the physical layout is designed the operations of the field s irrigation is supported by the Operations Analysis World The design of furrows is currently not supported irrigation of furrows can be simulated using the Simulation World Basin Field Design The design of level basins is based on BASIN a program previously developed by USWCL See the example Design a Basin Field Border Field Design The design of sloping borders is based on BORDER a program previously developed by USWCL See the example Design a Bor
19. L 200 m Width W 75 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 04 Bare Soil Execution Tab Press Run Button Results Tab Compare results to those from Operations Analysis World 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 93 2 6 Design a Border Field Design a Border Field is similar to Design a Basin Field except the field has a slope so borders are required You may open the WinSRFR file Border Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example Objective Determine the optimum border size for the following field and design conditions Field Dimensions 600 m wide by 1200 m long Field Slope 0 0005 m m Anticipated Cropping Pattern Alfalfa will be grown creating a resistance to flow represented by a Manning n of 0 15 Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops to be grown the design application depth Dreq is 100 mm which is characterized be an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov a of 0 5 Available Flow Rate to Borders 230 Ips AE 85 Step 1 Determine the optimum length amp width for a border within the field Create a new default Design Analysis in a Design World Folder using either WinSRFR s Edit menu or the World Folder s right click context menu Name this analysis Step 1 Enter field conditions and run criteria Design World Tab Cross Sec
20. This characteristic depth is typically the target application depth for the irrigation but can be any convenient number The next entry is the time to infiltrate that depth with the time units specified by the user as hours or minutes Finally the exponent in the power law is entered Clearly the only difference between entering infiltration data in this way rather than by the constants in the Kostiakov equation is that the time intercept at a specified depth is entered rather than the depth intercept k at unit time Infiltration Input Infiltration Equation Inasmuch as the units of the Kostiakov coefficient k are depth per unit time raised to the power a the numerical value of k depends strongly on the time units Thus the user selects first the unit time at which k constitutes the intercept in the graph of the Kostiakov equation The numerical values of k amp a are entered next Infiltration Input NRCS SCS Intake Families In the 1970s the Soil Conservation Service devised a system of characterizing soil infiltration by membership in a family The name of the family a decimal number was related to the final basic infiltration rate in inches per hour exhibited by the soil after a long period of infiltration Cumulative infiltration for each family was described by an expression of the form d K t A C a plot of which on logarithmic paper exhibits a slight curve Each family was defined by particular values of K and A C
21. Time 1 76 hr 106 min Advance Distance at Tco 200 m Advance Distance Ratio at Tco R 1 The example is WCL Report 19 stops here however using WinSRFR this example can be extended by simulating the irrigations from Steps 3 amp 4 to verify the basin design amp operations To continue this example proceed to Simulate a Basin Irrigation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 91 2 5 Simulate a Basin Irrigation Simulate a Basin Irrigation is an extension to the Chapter 4 Example Design from the WCL Report 19 BASIN A Computer Program for the Design of Level Basin Irrigation Systems Version 2 0 published by the USDA ARS US Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix AZ You may open the WinSRFR file Basin Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example This example is continued from Operate a Basin Irrigation Simulation Objective Verify the irrigation operating conditions for the following basin field Basin Dimensions 75 m wide by 200 m long Anticipated Cropping Pattern A variety of crops will be grown with alfalfa creating the most resistance to flow thus a Manning n of 0 15 would be selected for this condition A Manning n of 0 04 is used for anticipated smooth conditions or level furrows used within the basins Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops to be grown the design application depth Dreq
22. application has the focus This requirement also enables use of the Magnifier and Narrator accessibility aids e Convey no information by sound alone Applications that convey information by sound must provide other options to express this information All windows and dialog boxes provided by WinSRER fit within an 800 by 600 pixel rectangle This allows WinSRER to be run on all monitors capable of displaying 800 by 600 resolution or better Most windows can be resized and when operated in the Graphics Only view mode all result graphs automatically scale to fit the available space WinSRER has been tested with these Microsoft supplied accessibility aids e Magnifier Magnifies a portion of the computer s desktop for easier viewing e Narrator Reads the names values and actions associated with displays and controls 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 7 1 1 4 Credits and Acknowledgements Mr James Schlegel was the lead programmer for the WinSRFR development project The unsteady flow simulation engine was developed by Dr T S Strelkoff Basin design and operational procedures were developed by Dr A J Clemmens Dr A R Dedrick and Mr R J Strand Border design and operational procedures were developed by Dr T S Strelkoff Dr A J Clemmens Mr B V Schmidt and Mr E J Slosky WinSRFR routines for event analysis were developed by Dr E Bautista and Dr A J
23. are inversely proportional The default wetted perimeter for infiltration is the furrow spacing unless an SCS Intake family has been selected to characterize soil infiltration Infiltration Time Rated Intake Families 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 126 WinSRFR Help amp Manual The user enters the limiting depth of infiltration if any This might be caused by an underlying layer of clay or hardpan If infiltration is not limited 0 0 is entered With time rated intake families the single entry the time to infiltrate 100 mm 4 inches defines the infiltration characteristics of the soil The result is a Kostiakov formulation in the form k t a with the exponent a empirically tied to the characteristic time entered and hence not independently selectable Infiltration Modified Kostiakov Formula k t a b t c The four parameters of the formula are entered Inasmuch as the units of the Kostiakov coefficient k are depth per unit time raised to the power a the numerical value of k depends strongly on the time units Thus the user first selects the unit time hour minute at which k constitutes the intercept in the graph of the Kostiakov equation and then enters k The user then enters the limiting depth of infiltration if any This might be caused by an underlying layer of clay or hardpan If infiltration is not limited 0 0 is entered Infiltration SCS Intake Families T
24. cracking and for surface sealing layers the exponent a can take on much smaller values BASIN is not intended for soils that exhibit extreme cracking such as some heavy clay soils The allowable range of the exponent a within BASIN is 0 3 to 0 8 Net Depth Infiltrated Zn English Units The net depth infiltrated as defined here is the desired or target depth to be infiltrated It is also the minimum depth infiltrated as discussed under the design options The net depth must be within the range 1 0 lt Zn lt 10 0 inches Net Depth Infiltrated Zn Metric Units The net depth infiltrated as defined here is the desired or target depth to be infiltrated It is also the minimum depth infiltrated as discussed under the design options The net depth must be within the range 25 4 lt Zn lt 254 mm Infiltration Constant k If Infiltration is described by a power infiltration function Kostiakov then the user must specify an infiltration constant This value of this constant depends on the units for both infiltration depth and time It has units Length divided by Time to the exponent al T a One of three time units may be chosed seconds minuted or hours Because of the wide range of values which result from the choices of the time units and the exponent a we do not explicitly limit the value of the infiltration constant THE USER MUST ASSURE THAT THE VALUE ENTERED IS REASONABLE Distribution Uniformity DU DU is defined a
25. expected average field conditions For both operational and design studies and because field conditions vary during the irrigation season sensitivity analyses need to be conducted to assess how performance will degrade with likely variations in system inputs relative to the design values If performance proves too sensitive then additional design or operational analysis will have to conducted to identify an alternative recommendation design or operation that is more robust i e a recommendation that may attain a lower performance level but that may be less sensitive to possible deviations in field conditions from the design values Given this process WinSRFR was designed with two important organizational features First WinSRER has four major defined functionalities These functionalities referred to as Worlds in the software are Event Analysis Operation Analysis Physical Design and Simulation These functions are explained in later sections The second organizational feature is that scenarios run with these functions are stored in separate data folders This structure organizes the data into logical groups and allows outputs generated in one World to be used as inputs in a different World as well as using the same inputs in different Worlds 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 9 1 3 1 3 1 Hydraulic Analysis Overview This section summarizes the hydraulic anal
26. field parameters B 0 R D E R W l D T H 406 e 848 BORDER LENGTH fi The result of a BORDER run is a set of contours representing many possible solutions In the example above the contours show the tradeoff in the low quarter Potential Application Efficiency PAElq for border lengths from 0 to 1300 feet and widths from 0 to 200 feet To get more information about a specific length and width the user clicks within the contours to pick a single point to produce a water distribution diagram for that point A resulting water distribution diagram is shown below 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 106 WinSRFR Help amp Manual RUN 2 DISTRIBUTION OF INFILTRATED DEPTHS lw a PHYSICAL DESIGN CUTOFF SUCH THAT Diq Dreq PERFORMANCE k 2 62 in hr a a 8 706 n 6 168 S 6 6016088 Dreq 3 94 400 608 s08 Bia 6 8 Choosing a point within the contours yeilds a water distribution diagram O IAMO 71 6 71 6 6 865 INFILTRATION 1 888 4 89 i 3 94 i 3 41 i 18 3 z 6 56 i 18 1 z 6 99 i 5 46 i 22 44 l N F l L T R A T l 0 N 9 8481 200 400 Con saa 1008 6 4686 DISTANCE ALONG BORDER xX _ ff This water distribution diagram graphs the depth of infiltration that occurred along the length of the border field Shown on the right side is a set of performance parameters 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center
27. functions Operations Analysis World BASIN and BORDER s operations and management functions Simulation World SRFR s simulation functions Event Analysis LS Te a WT ze Cp d re SS en We me saig we i World windows run WinSRFR functions Simulation Asu pk a vvt Hara Esans Cmened Froe dt W 20K TPP Mema e E ver mmi ain An Anama zi A A ze T L fu Na weens fs This window manages your project Wide samme H GT Operations Analysis ei en ge ru mr 1 em Toa liy ee a vaegatz on vm zen mm zk mm Led wf Dt ee eh gr fr ml z mn 8 ms ete DIr mm e ersa mg ete Ly awn o d e e i tie o amma Ph ee eee Skee eaman new S Ka KS eee Rode HCH DCK KS Si iz ae zeg EE fe Physical Design Figure 1 2 WinSRFR Four Worlds of Functionality 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 5 1 1 Getting Started WinSRFR is developed and supported by USDA United States Department of Agriculture ARS Agricultural Research Service ALARC Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Comments and questions can be directed to email jschlegel uswcl ars ag gov US mail WinSRFR Jim Schlegel Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 21881 N Cardon Lane Maricopa AZ 85239 1 1 1 Operating System and Hardware Requirements WinSRER is a Win
28. input Menu Bar Click on a pull down item to see its menu of options The Run menu is used to execute the selected function and the results are displayed as graphs some with additional parameter lists An animation showing the surface water flow and infiltration is displayed while the simulation is running 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 109 D SRFR 4 46 Performance Synopsis Diq Some include a parameter list All results have a graphics section mm mm 2 mm mm mm 168 268 388 hectare Ultimate Infiltration Distribution Lo BORDER 6611 Classical Criddle 374 rule SRFR can produce graphs for several performance parameters one of which is the Performance Synopsis Dlq shown above This graph is similar to BORDER s Distribution of Infiltrated Depths for PAElq graph shown in the previous section 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 110 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 3 4 3 4 1 Manuals and Help This section provides information from BASIN BORDER amp SRFR manuals and help systems that is pertinent to their inclusion within WinSRFR Since WinSRFR incorporates the functionality from three legacy DOS programs this information also applies to WinSRFR s users BASIN Design amp Operations of level basin irrigations BORDER Design amp Operations of sloping border irrigations SRFR Simulation
29. is 100 mm which is characterized by an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov exponent a of 0 5 Available Flow Rate to Basins 230 lps Step 5 Simulate an irrigation for previously designed basin when growing alfalfa Copy the Design Analysis from Operate a Basin Irrigation Step 3 and Paste it into a new Simulation World Folder Name this simulation Step 5 Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter verify field conditions and run criteria Simulation World Tab Cross Section Basin Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Blocked End System Geometry Tab Slope S 0 m m Length L 200 m Width W 75 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa Execution Tab Press Run Button Results Tab Compare results to those from Operations Analysis World 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 92 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Step 6 Simulate an irrigation for previously designed basin with bare soil ex furrow in a level basin Copy the Design Analysis from Operate a Basin Irrigation Step 4 and Paste it into a the same Simulation World Folder Name this simulation Step 6 Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Simulation World Tab Cross Section Basin Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Blocked End System Geometry Tab Slope S 0 m m Length
30. more pronounced is the dog leg in a plot of cumulative infiltration vs time The theoretical value for uniform fine grain sand in the early stages of infiltration is 0 5 increasing somewhat with time as the soil near the surface is saturated Soils with a high clay content tend to exhibit smaller values On logarithmic paper the plot of Kostiakov cumulative infiltration vs time is always a straight line with a representing the slope of the line and k the intercept at 1 unit of time A particular approach to establishing k and a is chosen by selecting one of the following options 1 Known Characteristic Infiltration Time 2 Infiltration Equation 3 NRCS SCS Families 4 Time Rated Intake Families Soil infiltration characteristics are particularly important in their effect on irrigation performance yet at the same time are often poorly known In such a case if the user can at least estimate the time the soil requires to infiltrate a depth of 100 mm 4 inches the empirical relationship incorporated into the Time Rated Intake Families can provide an estimate of the other characteristics Similarly the NRCS SCS families are based on an estimate of the long term basic infiltration rate of the soil and in some cases can provide reasonable figures Infiltration Input Known Characteristic Infiltration Time A soil is often characterized by the time required to infiltrate a particular depth of water volume per unit field area
31. of basin border amp furrow irrigations BASIN The following text was edited from BASIN s manual and help system to make it compatible with WinSRFR s incorporation of BASIN s functionality BASIN Overview Needs to be added Field Conditions When designing a basin irrigation system it is important to properly define the conditions of the field which are expected during irrigations Since field conditions change over the season it is recommended you design for acceptable performance over a range of conditions e g to give appropriate seasonal performance Thus far BASIN only considers flat basins no furrows or corregations and thus considers only crops planted on the flat Infiltration There are a variety of ways to describe infiltration Basin design is based on the net or desired depth of infiltration Zn however the design procedure also needs the time to infiltrate this depth Tn and the infiltration exponent a Basin design was developed from a Kostiakov power infiltration function but the results are not very sensitive to the exact shape of the infiltration function defined by a so approximations to any function can be made Four options are provided specifying infiltration Known Target Infiltration Time Infiltration Equation SCS Infiltration Families Time Rated Intake Families Merriam amp Clemmens Ponw gt Infiltration Known Target Infiltration Time This is the basic option from which the design
32. of infiltration water d contributing to the irrigation target D D is calculated considering the depth of water needed to replace the root zone soil water deficit and water needed to meet the leaching and other requirements The analysis requires measurements of inflow and outflow a description of the root zone s available water capacity and pre irrigation soil water deficit The applied and outflow volumes for open ended systems are used to calculate a post irrigation mass balance Output of the analysis are a the applied runoff and infiltrated depth totals b infiltration depth profile and c performance measures including application efficiency and uniformity The Merriam Keller procedure is a method for estimating the infiltration depth profile from a post irrigation mass balance The method can be applied to basins borders and furrows The method matches the observed infiltration volume calculated from the difference of measured inflow and outflow with the numerical integral of the post irrigation longitudinal infiltration depth profile Infiltration depth at discrete points along the field is calculated from observed intake opportunity times computed from the measured advance and recession times Originally the method used the resulting mass balance relationship to solve for the constant k of the Kostiakov infiltration with the exponent a given from ring infiltrometer measurements or experience WinSREFR implements the Merriam Kell
33. or spreadsheet data can be transferred using copy paste These graphical options are available for all User Levels The third group of options available to Advanced and Programmer Users consist of additional graphical controls Graphics computational solution parameters Controls computational grid controls Cell Density and Diagnostic controls Diagnostics Options under Graphics affect the scaling of the Animation Window i e the window that illustrates the surface and subsurface flow of water as a function of time and distance These controls allow zooming in on some portion of the simulated stream Computational controls under the Controls button rarely need to be modified They are described in appendix XX Although WinSRFR automatically calculates and adjusts the solution grid for each particular situation there are cases where the user may need to make manual adjustments using the Cell Density controls to avoid anomalous behavior of the simulation for example when the analysis is based on variable field properties variable field elevations cross section etc and inflow Cell Density is used to modify the number of spatial increments used in the numerical solution EZ WinSRFR Furrow Simulation 10 x Fie Edit View Simulation Help M ll Farm Event Analysis Examples Field Tests Folder Irrigation Simulations Simulation Merriam Keller Analysis SRFR Simulation Run Control Solution Model
34. the actual end of the border strip The area under this portion of the curve represents actual runoff from the border strip The minimum depth in the distribution is shown by a horizontal blue line The stated irrigation requirement is given by a red line For diagrams based on low quarter average depth In the graphical field the portion of the curve at the left between the graph boundary representing the upstream end of the border strip and the double red lines labelled BORDER END constitutes the computed physical infiltration The remainder of the green curve is hypothetical infiltration beyond the actual end of the border strip The area under this portion of the curve represents actual runoff from the border strip The average of the low quarter of depths in the distribution is shown by a horizontal blue line The stated irrigation requirement is given by a red line These two lines of 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 122 WinSRFR Help amp Manual course are superimposed for the conditions assumed in physical design mode The vertical blue lines represent the boundaries of the one quarter of border length with the smallest depths in the distribution Sometimes the lowest depths are at the downstream end of the border strip sometimes at the upstream end depending on specific conditions And sometimes both ends contribute to the low quarter average Performance Parameters T
35. the field 0 04 Bare Soil C 0 10 Small Grain drilled lengthwise Ce e A8 L C 0 15 Alfalta Mint or Broadcast Small Grain A CR L 200 0 20 Alfalta dense or on long fields BS en RS C 300 kg C p20 C D45 C 0390 gt C 025 Dense crops or small grain drilled crosswise 025 050 C 7 00 e 400 Design World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties Inflow Management Execution Results BORDER Execution Complete User Level Advanced Hydraulic Roughness Defining roughness characteristics involves selecting a roughness calculation method and entering the corresponding roughness parameters The calculation method is selected using the Roughness Method drop down list Two roughness calculation methods are available to all Worlds 1 User Entered Manning n 2 NRCS Recommended Manning n Both methods employ the Manning formula to calculate hydraulic resistance but with the first option the user has to manually enter a Manning n value and with the second option buttons are used to select from a predefined list consisting of the values recommended by the USDA NRCS surface irrigation design guides If locally calibrated Manning n information is available then option 1 should be used Selecting that option will produce an input box for Manning n When using option 2 WinSRFR provides images of field conditions for the recommended n values as shown in the illustration 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultur
36. time SRFR uses empirical infiltration relationships with the specific functional form selected by the user The basic Kostiakov power law and some variations are provided by SRFR SRFR can be configured to model basins borders and furrows but it is a one dimensional simulation model it assumes that all flow characteristics vary only with distance along the main direction of flow longitudinal distance and time but not across the field width For borders and basins the model is applicable to situations where field properties and system inputs vary negligibly across the field width e g negligible cross slope uniform infiltration and roughness and uniform inflow In the case of furrows simulations consider only single furrows and therefore neighboring furrows are assumed identical Any variation in properties from furrow to furrow within a field must be modeled separately 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 11 The results of a simulation like those of an actual run in the field depend on the hydraulic properties of the soil and crop infiltration and roughness the geometrical configuration of the system length cross section slopes etc and system operation flow rates duration Performance estimates depend also on the target infiltration depth for the irrigation Users can assign constant field properties like the infiltration characteristics and roughness b
37. unselect all analyses WinSRFR Date Comparer jo xt De Edit View Help Select Type of Data to Compare XV Graphs Eje Selectthe type of data E inaw F Infiltretio ip eompar M 8 Runot M Infiltration Funcion V Advance VV 2 Recession Data Explorer Select One or More S Fem Brown Ferm W Field Cotton Field Event Furrow Irrigation infilneted Profile _ Design Border Field Desian 1 Bf Operations Border Field 1 Design 1 j Simulation Folder 1 O Infiltreted Profile Veritication Select the Analyses amp Simulation to compare Time hr mm Cotton Field Event Furrow irrigation Intiltrated Profile Cotton Field Simulation Folder 1 Infiltrated Profile Verification 2006 USDA ARS Ad Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 47 1 4 6 2 Conversion Chart Tool From the Project Management Window click on the Tools Conversion Chart command to access WinSRFR s Unit Conversion tool You can use the tool for converting lengths areas volumes and discharges from one unit system to another Each tabbed form displays a variable in five common unit systems Enter the known value in the corresponding box and then press Enter The Conversion Chart Tool lets you convert English values to Metric and vice versa It also provides a conversion chart for data types commonly used in WinSRFR e Length e Area e Depth e Volume e Flow Rate WinSRFR Convers
38. variables and allow us to represent hydraulically related classes of irrigation problems based on a single simulation Results are accurate relative to those obtained directly from simulation and computations are extremely fast Even with a dimensionless system of equations irrigation problems depend on many inputs The original BORDER and BASIN databases represent thousands of simulations covering practical ranges of the input variables Similar tables have not been developed for low gradient closed ended border irrigation or any type of furrow irrigation system Therefore at this time design analysis is restricted to level basin and open ended sloping border irrigation Furthermore the analysis is restricted to the range of input variables contained in the tables of simulation results Users have reported field conditions that are not covered by the existing dimensionless databases WinSRFR consolidates the design procedures of BASIN and BORDER in the Design World The design procedures are quite different partly due to hydraulic considerations but also due to the independent analytical approaches adopted in the development of the legacy programs For level basin systems which have zero slope and runoff the design is constrained by theoretical performance limits for a given set of conditions there is a field length beyond which impractically large inflow rates coupled with very small times of cutoff would be required to maintain a target pe
39. 5 Available Flow Rate to Basins 230 lps Design DU 80 Step 1 Determine the upper limit for basin length Create a new default Design Analysis in a Design World Folder using either WinSRFR s Edit menu or the World Folder s right click context menu Name this analysis Step 1 Enter field conditions and run criteria Design World Tab Cross Section Basin Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Blocked End Select want to Find the maximum limits for a field s dimensions I know Q DU Dreq Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa Infiltration Method Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Char Infiltration Depth 100 mm Corr Infiltration Time 3 5 hr 210 min Corr Kostiakov a 0 5 Inflow Management Tab Required Depth Dreq 100 mm Inflow Rate Q 230 Ips 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 88 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Execution Tab Verify Dreq 100 mm amp Q 230 Ips Set DU to 0 8 80 Press Run Button Results Tab View under Design Results Length 229 4 m amp Width 62 68 m The maximum basin length amp width recommended by WinSRFR for the defined field conditions are 229 4 m and 62 68 m respectively A length of 200 m will be chosen in Step 2 since 200 m is the largest length less than 229 4 m that is evenly divisible into 1200 m the length of the entire field see Fi
40. ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 115 Basin Length L Metric Units User input of basin length in the direction of flow is limited to 3 0 to 1000 0 m Basin Width W English Units User input of basin width perpendicular to the direction of flow is limited to 10 to 3281 ft Basin Width W Metric Units User input of basin width perpendicular to the direction of flow is limited to 3 0 to 1000 0 m Basin Inflow Rate Qin English Units The basin inflow rate is the discharge expressed as a volume per unit time The following range of values is allowed as input 0 1 to 50 0 cfs Basin Inflow Rate Qin Metric Units The basin inflow rate is the discharge expressed as a volume per unit time The following range of values is allowed as input 0 3 to 416 0 liters sec Time Required to Infiltrate Zn Tn Valid Times are defined as follows 12 lt Tn lt 2400 0 minutes or 0 2 lt Tn lt 40 hours Infiltration Exponent a The infiltration exponent is important in determining how the infiltrated depth varies over the range of infiltration opportunity times For a small value of the exponent a a given range of opportunity times will give a smaller range of infiltrated depths than will a large infiltration exponent Under laboratory conditions with consolidated soils the exponent a ranges between 0 5 and 1 0 However under field conditions where soils are often unconsolidated exhibit
41. AVAILABLE OPTIONS Select One Run WARNING This analysis has already been run If you run it again you will lose the current results If you want to save the current results use the Project Management Window to copy amp paste this analysis to a new one then make your changes in and run the newly created analysis Ente H Ho Refer to the Design World tab for more Information on the selected option Design World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties inflow Management Execution gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt User Level Advanced 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 41 1 4 4 4 Border Design When designing a sloping border field using the Physical Design World the Execution Tab displays a summary of key design inputs using editable input boxes Design Parameters and also program execution controls These controls are Border Options Contour Overlays and Contour Ranges Border Options control the density of the underlying grid of solutions that are used to generate the border design contours as well as the contour intervals With Contour Overlays the user can select two or more contours to superimpose on output Contour Ranges are used to control the range of values used to generate the contours Hence to expand the range of say lengths and widths to include in the design contour
42. Branch function for at least the time needed to apply the target irrigation depth In other cases the user may recognize the uncertainty of the available infiltration information and may want to examine the sensitivity of the analysis to an alternative infiltration formula that predicts the same infiltrated depth for a known opportunity time as the original one but with a different transient and or steady state behavior When the Automatic Option is enabled WinSRFR automatically matches the new infiltration formula selection based on the original selection and parameter values The user has no control over the output and no means for comparing the shape of the original and fitted function Enabling the Confirmed Matching option causes WinSRER to launch the Match Infiltration Formula Dialog every time an infiltration formula is chosen using the Infiltration Formula drop down list From this dialog box the user can edit the parameters of the alternative infiltration function until obtaining a desired fit to the original function At the same time that the Dialog is displayed the Soil and Crop Properties presents plots of the original and alternative infiltration functions allowing the user to view the effect of parameter value changes The matching mechanism is based on the concept of characteristic time i e the time needed to infiltrate a desired target depth z see Equation xx The Dialog sets z equal to the desired average application depth D b
43. CS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa Infiltration Method Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Char Infiltration Depth 100 mm Corr Infiltration Time 3 5 hr 210 min Corr Kostiakov a 0 5 Inflow Management Tab Required Depth Dreq 100 mm Inflow Rate Q 350 Ips 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks Cutoff Method Time Based Cutoff Cutoff Time Tco 1 5 hr Data Summary Tab Verify all values on one tab Execution Tab Press Run Button Results Tab Compare results to those from Operations Analysis World 99 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 100 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Technical Background The U S Water Conservation Lab USWCL has developed several software programs over the past 20 years to aid in the efficient design operation management and simulation of surface irrigation Included in this list are BASIN Level Basin irrigation design and management BORDER Sloping Border irrigation design management and operations SRER Basin Border and Furrow irrigation simulation The newest software program WinSRFR combines the features and functions from these three legacy DOS programs while adding new capabilities like irrigation event analysis Users of BASIN BORDER amp SRFR will notice many similarities in nomenclature data groupings selections and output displays While the fu
44. Center 58 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Graphic Context Menus The Context Menus provided by the various graphs can only be accessed by clicking the right mouse on the graph The main menu can be used to access all the functions provided in these Context Menus 50 0 100 0 150 0 100 0 Context provided by Control Graphs A Copy bitmap Center here Zoom injout here Choose Solution at this point View Dynamic Water Distribution Diagram The menu displayed is specific to the graph 1 6 5 3 Help WinSRER provides help through many mechanisms most of which are standard in Windows applications F1 Key Pressing the F1 key at any time will display the section in the online help most appropriate to the window that has focus What s This Help What s This help is accessed under the Help menu or via its toolbar button Once selected the question mark mouse pointer is displayed until a control is clicked At that time a short description of the control is displayed This display is removed by clicking the mouse again Tooltips Tooltips are displayed by hovering the mouse over a control Tooltips are only used where they add value Help Menus Each window provides a Help menu for access to commonly requested help items 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 59 Help Buttons Most dialog boxes ha
45. Cutback Rate Qcb expressed as a function of the initial Q Qcb RQ Q 3 Distance Based Cutback Inflow rate is reduced when the advancing stream reaches the specified Cutback Location to the specified Cutback Rate Note that the time based cutback option depends on cutoff time and therefore is undefined when using any distance based cutoff Also many of the cutoff and cutback options described above are not available in either Event Analysis Physical Design or Operational Analysis Outflow data are a required input in the Event Analysis World but only for systems with an open end downstream boundary condition Outflow can be specified only as a tabulated hydrograph Like the inflow data data entry is either manual from a text file or by using copy paste 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 34 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 3 4 Data Summary For the Simulation World a summary of the data from the System Geometry Soil Crop Properties and Inflow Management tabs is displayed in the Data Summary tab Notice that there are no graphs and only numeric data can be changed You must return to the original tabs to make selection changes WinSRFR Simulation Farm Brown Ferm Feld C Polder Folde 1 Simulation tniilirat Remember that What s This help is available for all the controls Use the Help What s This menu item or its associated toolbar button to access the What
46. Help amp Manual Pield Conditions Description Target or Min Depth Zn fiverage or Gross Depth CZgq gt Low Quarter Depth CZ1q gt SCS Intake Families Target Opportunity Time Tr gt Infiltration Equation Z kI a Constant Ck 31 98 an he 4 68 Exponent Ca 4 68 SCS Family 4 5 Manning n 4 206 Reference Flow Rate 1 824 1 s m Reference Length 349 m e BASIN EXE Output 169 mm 103 mm 318 85 min The results are WARNINGS displayed ina D tabluar format Next Screen BASIN provides both physical design as well as operations and management support for level basin surface irrigation While not clearly delineated in the program physical design functions result in the calculation of field Length and or Width Functions that do not produce one of these two physical parameters are considered to be operation and management functions Operations and management functions are used to test and optimize irrigation parameters such as inflow rate cutoff time or location and distribution uniformity 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 103 3 2 BORDER BORDER a DOS program pertains to plane sloping border strips with tailwater runoff It is assumed that there is no transverse slope and that the inflow is distributed uniformly across the width and is constant with time until cutoff BORDER consists essentially of a stored d
47. Land Agricultural Research Center 98 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 2 8 Simulate a Border Irrigation Simulate a Border Field is similar to Simulate a Basin Field except the field has a slope so borders are required You may open the WinSRFR file Border Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example This example is continued from Operate a Border Field Objective Simulate the operating conditions for the following border field Border Dimensions 40m wide by 400m long Anticipated Cropping Pattern Alfalfa will be grown creating a resistance to flow represented by a Manning n of 0 15 Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops to be grown the design application depth Dreq is 100 mm which is characterized be an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov a of 0 5 Available Flow Rate to Borders 230 Ips Design DU 80 Step 4 Simulate an irrigation for previously designed border when growing alfalfa Copy the Operations Analysis from Step 3 in Operate a Border Field and Paste it into a Simulation World Folder Name this analysis Step A Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Simulation World Tab Cross Section Border Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Open End System Geometry Tab Slope S 0 m m Length L 400 m Width W 45 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NR
48. R advance distance at cutoff field length to determine the application time For some choices of input variables the minimum depth infiltrated becomes an unknown subject to the specified cutoff criterion Normally Zn is assumed known as part of the field conditions The choices are Known R Unknown Tco DU L W Zn Q DU L Q Zn W DU W Zn L Q DU Q Zn ay W L W Zn DU Q Jr Q Zn DU W The variables for Advance Distance Criteria design are U Distribution Uniformity Basin Length Basin Width Inflow Rate CO SD 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 114 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Zn Net Infiltration R Relative Advance at Cutoff Tco Cutoff Time Design Based on Maximum Recommended Length Use of machinery for cultural practices suggests the use of long basin for machinery efficiency Analysis of level basin design conditions indicated that for a given set of field conditions and desired DU the field s length has some practical limit beyond which increasing the unit flow rate has a limited influence on improving DU or allowing longer lengths This limiting design is provided to allow the user to determine a maximum potential length for the basin We recommend analysis with the other design options following identification of a maximum length The choices are Known Zn Unknown Tco Q L DU W L W DU Q DU Q Ly W DU
49. Technical Background 107 3 3 SRFR SRER a DOS program is a one dimensional mathematical model for simulating surface irrigation in borders basins and furrows It is assumed that all flow characteristics vary only with distance from the inlet and time No variation transverse to the main direction of flow is considered Thus any cross slope in borders and basins is assumed negligible also the inflow therein is assumed distributed uniformly across the width Only single furrows are considered neighboring furrows are assumed to have identical flows any variation in properties from furrow to furrow within a field must be modeled separately On the other hand field properties like the infiltration characteristics and roughness bottom slopes and furrow cross sections for example can have a prescribed variation with distance along the bed and even with inundation time The results of a simulation like those of an actual run in the field depend on the hydraulic properties of the soil and crop if the vegetation is immersed in the flow the physical design of the system length slopes etc and the irrigation management flow rates duration etc as well as the target depth of infiltration for the irrigation When all of these quantities are prescribed by the user through the interactive data entry windows the simulation can be performed The results the advance and recession curves the runoff and the distributi
50. This location is the position of the advancing stream front 3 Distance and Infiltration Depth Cutoff occurs when a given infiltration depth z expressed as a fraction of Dreq z Rz Dreq has accumulated at a prescribed downstream Cutoff Location Xco R L Note that infiltration will ultimately exceed the given infiltration depth depending on the time needed for water to recede at the prescribed location 4 Distance and Opportunity Time Cutoff occurs when a given infiltration Opportunity Time total elapsed time minus the advance time has been experienced at a given downstream Cutoff Location Xco R L 5 Upstream Infiltrated Depth In the case of furrows and basins cutoff occurs when the infiltrated depth at the head end of the field matches the prescribed infiltration depth expressed as a function of Dreq z Rz Dreq Ultimate infiltration will exceed the prescribed depth depending on the lag time between cutoff and initial recession In the case of graded border strips WinSRER attempts to calculate a cutoff time that will ultimately infiltrate the prescribed depth at the head end of the field The algorithm relies on a dimensionless database of previously run simulations to predict the lag time necessary to achieve this objective Cutback options are as follows 1 NoCutback This is the default selection for the Standard Hydrograph Time Based Cutback Inflow rate is reduced at the specified Cutback Time and to the
51. Wh gt When the Infiltration Method is changed one of three operations occurs depending on the choice made using the User Preference s Dialogs tab 1 No Matching 2 Automatic Matching 3 Confirmed Matching Unless No Matching is selected when a new method is chosen WinSRFR selects infiltration parameters so the new method matches the old method as closely as possible When Confirmed Matching is selected the following dialog box is displayed allowing you to verify and adjust if necessary the newly selected infiltration parameters Select Match Infiltration Function Parameters x A new Infiltration Function has been selected and an initial best match between the new amp old methods has been provided Use the controls below to make required adjustments while viewing the graph to the right to compare the old amp new infiltration functions Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Kastiakov k 32 299 mm hr a Characteristic Infiltration Depth m mm Corresponding Infiltration Time 35 08 i hr z Kostiakov a 0 31 H gt Disable dialog box using User Preferences Dialogs tab Ok Cancel Help This dialog box is displayed so that the old method is viewable below the graph and the new method is displayed to the left of the graph The graph will contain a line for each Infiltration Method Adjust the parameters of the new Infiltration Method in the dialog box while viewing the results of the change in the graph Wh
52. _J Design Example Basin Design O Step 1 Upper limit for length E Step 2 Upper limit for width length 200 m E ay OF Example Basig Step 3 DU and irrigatio E Step 4 DU andirrigatio Stat new Analysis Remove Simulation Example Basin Step 5 Simulate an irrig Step 6 Simulate an irrig Cut Copy Paste Analysis The new item keeps the same name if possible you may want to modify this using the Details view shown below the Analysis Explorer Note If an item with the same name is already in the folder the pasted item s name will be modified by appending a sequence number Dialog Boxes Most WinSRFR dialog boxes have a Help button in the lower right corner that displays a help page describing its use Help is available for the following dialog boxes User Preferences Units Match Infiltration Method Edit Furrow Crosssection Data Vary With Distance amp Time Slope Elevation Table Entry Choose Solution User Preferences The User Preferences dialog box provides access to user customized aspects and defaults for WinSRFR s User Interface and function execution These preferences vary from user to user on the same PC as they are stored in the Current User section of the Window s Registry Some user preferences only take effect when WinSRFR is started so changes may not be seen until you close and restart WinSRFR These settings however have menu items that change the
53. ait page Print Preview like view Graphs Only graphs fill the available window text results display on a Portrait page Show Simulation Animation during Run selects whether or not the Simulation Animation will automatically display when a Simulation is run f User Preferences 2006 USDA ARS Ad Land Agricultural Research Center 70 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Dialogs Tab Suggested Default Values controls whether or not to confirm suggested changes to the Solution Model or Cell Density when running a Simulation Unconditionally Accept use suggested default values without confirmation Require Confirmation display dialog box to confirm changes Infiltration Function controls what happens when a new Infiltration Function is selected No Matching keeps Infiltration Function parameters independent from selection to selection Auto Matching automatically matches parameters for new Infiltration Function with old function Confirmed Matching displays dialog box to confirm changes f User Preferences 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 71 Units Tab Default Unit System selects whether Metric or English units are used as the default units system Options allows selection of individual units for specific data types Default Time Units selects whether Hours or Minutes are used as the default time units
54. al Input boxes for those two parameters will be displayed when the Trapezoid option is selected Power Law a power law or parabolic section is defined by a relationship of the form TW C Y where TW is the top width Y is the depth and C and M are empirical parameters The units of C depend on the units of Y and TW while M is dimensionless When this option is selected the user will need to enter m and the top width value at 100 mm 4 in These values will be used to compute C Trapezoid from Field Data This option allows the user to enter field data and to calculate the corresponding trapezoidal section parameters An Edit Data button will appear when this option is selected Pressing this button will launch the Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section dialog which is described further below Power Law from Field Data This option is similar to the previous one except that it launches the Furrow Cross Section dialog with power law options selected 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 25 Slope Elevation Table Dialog The Slope and Elevation Dialogs allow you to enter tabular data distance vs slope or distance vs vertical elevation There are three ways for entering data e Manual Entry To manually enter data you will need to add as many rows as needed to the default table which will open with two rows Use the Edit Distances Insert Rows Before After command
55. al Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 29 The Simulation World offers two additional hydraulic roughness computational procedures 3 Manning n Cn Y An 4 Sayre Albertson Chi Both options allow the user to combine the effect of soil hydraulic roughness with vegetation drag and are recommended for advanced users only A technical description of these options is provided in Appendix XX Selecting 3 will display the input boxes for the parameters Cn and An while an input box for Chi will appear when selecting option 4 It should be noted that among the Event Analysis procedures only the Two Point Method uses the Manning n in its calculations The Merriakm Keller approach does not require an n value but the user needs to provide such an input in order to verify the results via simulation The Probe Penetration Analysis does not require Manning n either and the method does not produce infiltration parameters Still the user may chose to enter an n value especially if the underlying data are later copied into the Simulation World for further analysis Infiltration Characteristics Infiltration properties are critical to surface irrigation system behavior and also the input that is most difficult to define for irrigation analysis An understanding of WinSRFR computational procedures is needed in order to use the infiltration options effectively WinSRFR computes infiltration using a general expression of the form Z 2 k d t
56. ata Rod Location Rod Depth imm mm 200 0 180 5 160 25 140 35 120 40 gt Power Law Furrow 100 45 Total Depth mm po 2 80 45 7 Ee 7 ra Width at 100mm p Ce Lx Exponent ba Power Law Area m 2 0 015 Cancel Help Similarly the Edit Menu is used for inserting amp deleting rows as well as for other editing functions such as Clear Copy and Paste 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 62 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section Data zl File Edit Help Copy Bitmap gt E on Data Furrow Shape Profilometer Data gt Insert First Row ower Lon d i SS Insert Row Before Protilometer Data Insert n Rows After fil P L omometer ower Law No of Rods Clear Table Rod Spacing mm Delete Row Profilometer Data Rod Location Paste Table ram ram Copy Table The Edit menu has a Profilometer Data menu item that provides 200 0 180 5 160 25 140 35 120 40 100 45 80 45 60 45 rn data editing functions gt Power Law Furrow Total Depth mm BU H Width at 100mm be a Exponent p 29 Power Law Area m 2 0 015 Cancel Help Besides being in the File and Edit menus Context Menu these functions are also available in Context Menus directly in the Data Table Right cli
57. ata that you need to save prior to making any changes Furrow Cross Sectional Measurements Top widthsin red 5 0 0 0 Transverse length X in Figure 1 4 3 1a Furrow Cross Sectional Field Measurements The cross section data can be fitted to either a trapezoid or power law function as defined by the Furrow Shape option WinSRFR calculated furrow geometry parameters are displayed in blue but can be modified if a different fit is desired modified values are displayed in green Once the desired fit has been achieved press the Transfer button to transfer this data back to the WinSRFR Analysis or Simulation To exit the dialog box press either the Save Field Data amp Close button or the Cancel button If you have modified any cross section field data you should choose the Save Field Data amp Close button The Cancel button simply closes the dialog box with no further action any changed values will be lost 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 27 2x Be Est Hep Furrow Field Data Furrow Shape tt FitTo gt Trapezoid D Depth Width Date Set Depths to Top Middle Batom beleen Mie Gi Trapezoid Furrow Bottom Width in Ja 4 Side Slope HM far a Max Depth in pas Cross Section Area R 2 0 308 Trapezoid Area t2 0 187 Figure 1 4 3 1b Cross Sectional Data Entered as Depth Width Pairs
58. atabase of previously calculated irrigation simulations along with a mechanism for quickly retrieving these and displaying the results of any given set of geometrical design and operating parameters Such results can be expressed through selected performance indicators such as application efficiency distribution uniformity adequacy of irrigation water cost per application etc The design of sloping border strips with tailwater runoff is facilitated by displaying the results of a whole range of design and operating parameters so that a user can see what is possible in the way of performance with given field conditions as well as what combinations of parameters yield an optimum Values of selected performance indicators are calculated on a grid defined by the range of design or operating variables Contour lines are then interpolated between grid values to display the behavioral pattern of the chosen performance indicator as the design or operating parameters are varied When operated in physical design mode and the maximum available water supply to the field is known BORDER can display the effect of varying border length and width on selected performance indicators alternately the inter relationship between inflow and length can be displayed for a given width In management mode the border strip geometry is input and the effect of variations in inflow rate and cutoff time on selected performance indicators can be explored As an alternative to c
59. ations to be entered in the Hydrograph Table in this window Results Performance Parameters are headed by a restatement of salient input conditions length of run border strip width or furrow spacing target depth of infiltration for the irrigation inflow rate and final cutoff time The performance of the irrigation is then displayed in the following terms e XCO advance at cutoff if this is less than field end e TL time for stream to advance to field end e AE application efficiency defined as volume infiltrated within the target depth in ratio to the total volume of inflow expressed as a percent e PAEmn potential application efficiency of the min is the application efficiency calculated on the basis of a new target depth exactly equal to the minimum of the simulated distribution Note that this is different from the standard definition of PAEmn which calls for a cutoff time of just such magnitude that the resulting minimum depth just equals an independently given target depth A simulation based on an arbitrary cutoff time cannot yield this value 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 133 e PAElq potential application efficiency of the low quarter is the application efficiency calculated on the basis of a new target depth exactly equal to the average of the simulated low quarter of the distribution Note that this is different from the standard defin
60. b Design World System Geometry Sail Crop Properties Inflow Management Execution Results gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt UserLevel Advanced _ 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 42 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 4 5 Basin Operations When analyzing the operations of a level basin using the Operations Analysis World the Execution Tab presents a table like form that can be used to modify key variable inputs and analytical options Ina sense this tab presents a quick summary of the design options available for level basins showing for each case which variables need to be entered and which are program outputs The user can select an alternative analysis with the option buttons at the top of the table and then enter the needed variable inputs using the input boxes at the right Each column in the table represents a design option these options are also selectable using the Design World Tab After selecting a option the column is highlighted using white for values the user must enter and blue for values that WinSRFR will calculate The current values are displayed to the right of the table with default values displayed using the backgournd color these values must be verified to ensure they are correct for the design being run User entered values have a green backgournd while calculated values have a blue background If values
61. can lead to erratic behavior of the contour lines If portions of the field of contours appear inordinately jagged the entire grid can be made finer through selection using the Border Options dialog box Or alternately the grid can be made finer over just a portion of the field by dragging the mouse over that area see Zoom below Of course the Zoom feature can be used simply to increase or reduce the range of physical design variables displayed Water Destination Diagram The complete irrigation results for a particular pair of physical design parameters can be generated using right clicking on the point in the graph corresponding to the values of the parameters Then select Choose Solution at this point from the popup menu This display describes the performance of an irrigation given a set of field conditions a physical design and irrigation management parameters Along with numerical values of a variety of performance parameters the longitudinal distribution profile of water infiltrated into the border strip in the course of the irrigation is shown graphically depth volume per unit field area For diagrams based on minimum depth In the graphical field the portion of the curve at the left between the graph boundary representing the upstream end of the border strip and the double red lines labelled BORDER END constitutes the computed physical infiltration The remainder of the green curve is hypothetical infiltration beyond
62. ce Grid displays small circles amongst the performance contours to show the graphed locations of the computational pairs of design or management parameters The color of the circle denotes the degree of success achieved in calculating the irrigation performance If no performance contours could be developed a graph is displayed showing the grid at which solutions were attempted At any given grid point a solution can fail for any of several reasons The type of failure is indicated by color coding the grid points The significance of the colors follows e Agreen circle indicates a normal calculation Yellow indicates that with the given length the application flow rate or cutoff time is insufficient to yield a non zero low quarter average or minimum depth in the infiltration distribution e Cyan indicates that solution requires an application time greater than the values in the database of border irrigation simulations Dark blue indicates a required application time smaller than database values e Magenta indicates an inflow rate larger than those contained in the database e Brown indicates an inflow rate smaller than those in the database Red indicates a solution failure in which the succession of approximations failed to converge e Light grey indicates no solution is possible either inflow length or application time are zero Tco grid if selected displays numerical values of dimensionless application time cutoff time a
63. ck with the mouse on the table or row to display the corresponding 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 63 Adve Right click here N Fe fortable menu When pasting data from an application like Excel the first row may contain the units to apply to each column lf the units are copied to the clipboard they will be used when pasting the data into WinSRFR If the units are not copied the row data will use the units currently being displayed by WinSRFR 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 64 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Ki Microsoft Excel Profilometer Data xls H Fie Edit View Insert Format Tools Data DOSE SY Blo zr H i A107 X fe cm Furrow Geometry Highlighted data x has been copied to the clipboard for pasting into a Profilometer Data 20 5 5 18 45 16 J 14 3 12 1 10 0 5 8 0 6 0 5 4 1 5 2 2A 0 2 2 1 6 4 2 6 2 8 2 5 10 25 o 12 3 14 3 5 16 4 18 5 20 6 1 6 5 5 Cut Copy Paste The Analysis Explorer uses Cut Copy amp Paste to 1 Move item from one location to another Cut amp Paste 2 Make a new copy of item Copy amp Paste For example if you want to run a Simulation on the Border Design in the list shown below perform these steps a Copy the Border Design to the clipboard using its Context Menu b Select a Simulation World Folder c Paste the Border Design
64. compress all needed files register libraries with the Windows operating system and create needed directories By default the program will install under the C Program Files folder and create a USDA WinSREFR xx xx subdirectory where xx xx is the version number Other USDA ARS developed software may also install under the folder USDA Uninstallation The program must be uninstalled using the Add Remove Programs command under the Windows Control Panel in order to correctly unregister the application and all its associated files Accessibility Issues WinSRER is designed to meet the accessibility guidelines set forth in the Certified for Windows logo handbook e Support standard system size color font and input settings This provides a consistent user interface UI across all applications on the user s system e Ensure compatibility with the High Contrast option for users desiring a high degree of legibility When this option is selected several restrictions are imposed upon the application For example only system colors selectable through Control Panel or colors set by the user may be used by the application e Provide documented keyboard access to all features This allows the user to interact with the application without requiring a pointing device such as a mouse See Keyboard Navigation e Provide notification of the keyboard focus location It should always be apparent both to the user and programmatically which part of the
65. cts two columns of data consisting of longitudinal distance and vertical elevation pairs When copying spreadsheet data to WinSRFR you can label the first row in the data with unit labels If WinSRFR recognizes the unit labels it will make the necessary unit conversions WinSRER recognizes the following unit labels Variable Unit Labels Length m ft Depth mm cm in Side Slope H V Slope m m m 100m ft ft ft 100ft Time sec min hr _ Flow Rate cms Ips Ipm cfs gpm Percentage Jo Soil Water Holding Capacity mm m in ft 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 55 1 6 5 Visual Elements Beyond the usual Windows elements WinSRFR provides an overall look and feel to its User Interface to help you understand the current state of your Analysis or Simulation Color is used to distinguish the different worlds and to provide data status Context Menus provide alternate access to functions for selected items Help is available online and in PDF form Both formats present the same content Data Table Entry describes how to manually enter or paste data into data tables Cut Copy Paste describes how to create new Analyses or Simulates from current ones 1 6 5 1 Color Color is used by WinSRER to provide both context and meaning to the data being displayed Color provides context by distinguishing which World you are working in a
66. d of the advance phase the time scale needed for plotting the two together makes the advance appear instantaneous To view the behavior of advance with time select the Advance Trajectory graph The longitudinal post irrigation distribution of infiltrated depths can be viewed either as a function of distance down the field or ordered in magnitude see Performance Synopsis above The infiltrated depths shown are field depths i e volumes per unit plan area of field and so for furrows incorporate both the assumption made for the influence of wetted perimeter on infiltration and the furrow spacing The inflow outflow runoff and any selected intermediate flow hydrographs are superimposed on a single time scale in this option Alternately the inflow outflow and any selected intermediate depth hydrographs can be viewed superimposed on a single time scale in this option Water surface elevation profiles developed at selected times during the irrigation are viewed with this option Alternately depth profiles can be viewed Simulation Animation The screen is broken into two regions The upper portion shows the irrigation stream with its surface above the bottom of the flow channel a distance equal to the actual depth The lower portion of the split screen displays the infiltration profile drawn at a distance equal to volume infiltrated per unit field area Thus the significance of the depth scales above and below the channel bottom
67. dent of depth Drag per unit length of flow is calculated from the estimated form drag of the vegetation Inflow Management Allowable inflow time patterns are the standard consisting of a single pulse of given rate and duration but allowing for cutback and a table of flow rate vs time Inflow Management Standard Hydrograph The time component of the inflow hydrograph can be specified either in terms of so many hours or minutes from the start of the irrigation or in terms of the location of the stream front when a change in flow rate either a cutback or cutoff is to be initiated Cutoff based on distance can depend in various ways on the stream behavior This matter can be explored in the screen activated by pressing More available only to the advanced user These options are available only at the Advanced level Downstream control of inflow depends upon the advance of the irrigation stream down the field Inflow can be cut off when the stream reaches a given point down the length of run or when a given infiltration depth has accumulated there or when the point has experienced a given infiltration opportunity time Upstream control available only in sloping border strips is designed to cut off the inflow at such time that the target depth is infiltrated at the upstream end just as recession begins there The prediction of lag time necessary to specify such cutoff is performed by internal software interpolating within a dimensio
68. der Field 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 19 1 4 2 3 Operations Analysis World The Operations Analysis World is used to optimize the irrigation operations for your Basin amp Border fields Some of the irrigation parameters calculated in this world are Inflow Rate Cutoff Time and Cutoff Location Mi WinSRFR Operations Analysis De Edit View Qperations Hep Mee gt KW Farm Brown Farm Field Cotton Field Folder Border Field Analysis Design 1 lcome to WinSRFR s i d This world helps determine the best combination of inflow and cutoff criteria time or distance for levelbesin and sloping border fields Furrows are not supported ei this mme Start here then roceed down the tab pages found atthe botam of this window Gross Gecko Upstream C ndor Inflow Rate vs Cutoff Tradeofts f Basin NoDrainback Ce i his option produces series of contours Border showing the tradeofts between inflow rate oe eee oaae d vuta far a border ed UU Ope End C op Border Operations j want io Width W Ranges tor Inflow Rate amp Cutop Time Operations and olhier paramelers Find the tredeotts between Inflow Rate amp uo Evaluate the operations of an imaqateon World alues WinSRFR will calculate Inflow Rate ve Cutoff Time contours Using Cutotf Critena CutottTim
69. dinal bottom configuration can be made either in terms of bottom slopes or a table of distance vs elevation Simulation Control The advanced user can select a basis for simulation The Saint Venant equations contain all the acceleration terms in an unsteady open channel flow these are typically very small in surface irrigation flows The Zero Inertia model deletes the acceleration terms to provide a more robust simulation This is tantamount to assuming that the forces stemming from depth variations with distance bottom slope and hydraulic drag are in equilibrium Comparisons with solutions to the Saint Venant equations show that this assumption is adequate in surface irrigation As the slope of the flow channel increases the zero inertia formulation becomes increasingly difficult to apply requiring subdivision of the advancing stream length into many small cells especially at the downstream end where depth increases very rapidly with distance back from the front These computational difficulties are avoided by utilizing the Kinematic Wave mode of solution For steep slopes the contribution of the depth gradient to the force balance is very small and can be neglected leaving equilibrium between the force of gravity downslope and the hydraulic drag upslope This is the basic premise of the normal depth kinematic wave The default transition between zero inertia and kinematic wave formulations lies at a bottom slope of 0 001 Simulatio
70. dows application implemented using Microsoft s NET Framework 1 1 WinSRFR was built on the ported design operations and simulation functionality from BASIN BORDER amp SRER legacy DOS applications developed by the USDA ARS at the former US Water Conservation Laboratory The User Interface UI was updated to take advantage of the current Windows capabilities but the analytical procedures are the same as those of the legacy applications WinSRER requires the following minimally configured PC for acceptable operation Supported Operating Systems Windows XP Windows 2000 Additional Software Requirements Microsoft s NET Framework 1 1 Installed by WinSRER Installer if necessary WinSRER has not been tested with NET Framework 2 0 Storage Requirements 20 MB for the program Project files can each be several MB in size Monitor 800 x 600 or larger resolution All windows and dialog boxes provided by WinSRER fit within an 800 by 600 pixel rectangle This allows WinSRER to be run on monitors capable of displaying 800 by 600 resolution or better Most windows can be resized and when operated in the Graphics Only view mode all graphical results automatically scale to fit the available space 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center WinSRFR Help amp Manual Installation Uninstallation Installation WinSRFR must be installed using the installation program ALARC WinSRFR Setup exe which will de
71. e in inches per hour exhibited by the soil after a long period of infiltration Cumulative infiltration for each family is described by an expression of the form d k t a c a plot of which on logarithmic paper exhibits a slight curve Each family is defined by particular values of K and A C is the same for all families In other words the SCS families are characterized by a specific relation between the name K and A All of the A values are somewhat higher than 0 5 and all families if graphed form a regular progression of curves without intersections While many soils fail to fit any of the families graphs of their cumulative infiltration vs opportunity time intersect many SCS families some are indeed successfully incorporated within the SCS group The opportunity to describe soil infiltration is provided for those users whose experience justifies describing their subject soils in this way When entering field infiltration data for furrow flow the user should take care to note the selected assumption for wetted perimeter for infiltration because this selection materially affects the appropriate value of accumulated depth The wetted perimeter for infiltration is multiplied by the time rate of increase of cumulative depth to yield the time rate of increase of accumulated volume per unit length of furrow For a given physical furrow infiltration a volume per unit length the wetted perimeter for infiltration and the depth of infiltration
72. e Cutoff Location Depth Critena Low Quarter perations World Soil Crop Results are not complete Choose a solution point from the contours hen you will Select a pointwithin the contours so a Water Distibution Diagram end e set of Performance Parameters can be added to the Results User Level Advanced After the operations have been defined using this world the irrigation can be simulated using the Simulation World The operations of furrows is currently not supported irrigation of furrows can be simulated using the Simulation World Basin Field Operations The operations of level basins is based on BASIN a program previously developed by the USWCL See the example Operate a Basin Irrigation Border Field Operations The operations of sloping borders is based on BORDER a program previously developed by the USWCL See the example Operate a Border Irrigation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 20 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 2 4 Simulation World After a field s physical layout is designed using the Physical Design World and the operations parameters are set using the Operations Analysis World its irrigation can be simulated using WinSRFR s Simulation Word Farm Browr n Field Folder Polder Simulation tnillirate Simulntan World o Footie The simulation of basins borders and furrows is based on SRER a prog
73. e reduction in infiltration rate and the more pronounced is the dog leg in a plot of cumulative infiltration vs time The theoretical value for uniform fine grain sand in the early stages of infiltration is 0 5 increasing somewhat with time as the soil near the surface is saturated Soils with a high clay content tend to exhibit smaller values On logarithmic paper the plot of Kostiakov cumulative infiltration vs time is always a straight line with a representing the slope of the line and k the intercept at 1 unit of time hour or minute user selectable see Help System of Units A non zero value of b causes the line to curve upwards with increasing t gradually approaching a slope of unity A non zero value of c causes the line slope gradually to decrease at the smaller values of t as cumulative infiltration approaches the constant value A further modification of the Kostiakov formula is provided by the Branch Function suitable for many soils which recognizes the final infiltration rate as taking over at the time at which the rate given by the original Kostiakov formula equals that final rate Thus infiltration depth is assumed to increase initially according to the relation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 125 d k t a c and when the time rate d dt d equals the specified final rate b infiltration continues indefinitely at the constant rate b
74. ea m2 0 023 Cancel Help The entered cross section data can be fitted to either a trapezoid or power law function WinSRFR calculated values are displayed in blue but can be modified if a different fit is desired modified values are displayed in green Once the desired fit has been achieved press the Save Data amp Close button to transfer this data back to the WinSRFR Analysis or Simulation To exit the dialog box press the Cancel button The Cancel button simply closes the dialog box with no further action any changed values will be lost 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 76 WinSRFR Help amp Manual This dialog box is accessed using the System Geometry tab Select either Power Law from Field Data either Trapezoid from Field Data then press then Edit Data button to bring up the dialog box WinSRFR Euro Two pomt data Elliot Walker O x Die Edit Yiew Evaluation Help Bai o WM System Geometry Furrow No Drainback Open End Top View Furrow Spacing 1 m l Bottom Description iT ee Slope S Select Field Data as input and push Edit Data button Slope 0 0002 mym Eurow Shape amp Dimensions eS ae Water Flow gt gt a mes O Furrow Length 168 55 rm Width at100mm En mm Power Law Cross Section Exponent 0 418 Exponent Total Depth gt Constant Calculated N 3 w
75. ected Pressing the button will launch the Slope Table dialog This dialog box is described in more detail further below Elevation Table Table of vertical field elevations vs distance Each entry in the table represents a surveyed elevation distance pair At a minimum an elevation at the upstream and downstream end of the field needs to be entered and the downstream location needs to match the defined field length As in the Slope Table elevation values are edited using the Elevation Table dialog Average From Slope Table This option computes an average slope from tabulated slope values Tabular data needs to be entered as in the Slope Table option After entering a Slope Table the user can switch at any time between this option and the Slope Table option Average From Elevation Table This option computes an average slope from tabulated elevations Tabular data needs to be entered as in the Elevation Table option After entering an Elevation Table the user can switch at any time between this option and the Elevation Table option e Furrow Shape and Dimensions This option is displayed only when the Furrow option is selected in a World Tab Furrow cross sectional area can be described generally using either a trapezoidal or parabolic section hence options for defining furrow cross section are the following Q Trapezoid a trapezoidal section is defined by two parameters the Bottom Width and the Side Slope Horizontal Vertic
76. editing input data associated with a particular analysis and for viewing the corresponding results All World Windows are organized similarly using tab controls with each tabbed page representing a category of input or output data There are two rows of tabs in a World Window the lower one for inputs and the upper one for outputs The last tab in the lower row provides the mechanism for switching between input and output tabs Input tabs consist of the following e World Run Criteria e System Geometry e Soil Crop Properties e Inflow Management e Function Options e Execution Control e Run Results For a particular tab for example System Geometry the available input options will differ depending on the particular World More details on these tabs are provided in the following Output tabs vary depending on the particular World the user is working with but consist of printable reports containing tabular and or graphical data Some of these output forms are described under Common Tasks System Geometry The System Geometry tab is used to define the irrigation system s geometrical layout Because different types of analysis Event Design Operations Simulation require different sets of geometrical inputs the input controls displayed by the Geometry tab vary somewhat by World In cases where a variable is an output of the analysis e g Length when designing a system the input box displays either TBD to be determined or the output o
77. een Next the Target Depth is selected to be satisfied by either the minimum depth in the post irrigation infiltration distribution or the low quarter average that particular choice is deferred to the Execute Options menu In Physical Design mode BORDER seeks out and displays those combinations of the design variables which will satisfy the selected target depth Also shown as contours are the resulting values of selected performance indicators The user will be asked to supplement the selected field conditions by a border width or by a known total inflow rate The results will be shown as contours of selected performance indicators on a field of physical design variables length and inflow rate or length and width Only those designs which just satisfy the target depth with the smallest values in the post irrigation distribution of infiltrated depths are displayed Application Management With this option it is assumed that the physical layout of the border strip is known i e not only the field infiltration slope and roughness but also the length and width of the border strip The aim is to present the user with the effects of varying the management variables target depth inflow rate and application time over a range of values to show both what is possible in the way of performance and what values will yield that performance Thus selection of the Management option leads to a dialogue window with a prompt for border s
78. efault horizontal full scale is the length of run RLLEFT default 0 0 specifies the fractional length of run comprising the left boundary of the display and RLRGHT default 1 0 specifies the fraction of length of run comprising the right hand boundary of the display For example to limit the display to the region between 80 of field length and 90 of field length set RLLEFT 0 8 and RLRGHT 0 9 Similarly the default vertical full scale allows plotting points between the lowest bottom elevation and the field surface or border berms RYBOT default 0 0 is the fraction of this full scale below which elevations are not shown while RYTOP default 1 0 is the fraction of this full scale to which elevations are shown Depths of infiltration are always shown from 0 0 to some full scale RFSZ default 1 0 is the fraction by which the default full scale is multiplied RFSX RFSY RFSH play similar roles and will not survive if user experiences demonstrates no need The Profile Table provides a list of irrigation times at which a record of the surface water profile is desired recall that all of the graphed information is stored in a text file which can be viewed from within SRFR or in any text editor the file bears the same name as the data file and an extension identical to the simulation number Hydrographs are prepared by default at the inflow and outflow sections Discharge and depth can be recorded also at intermediate loc
79. eld Dimension above Step 2 Determine the upper limit for basin width for length 200 m Copy the Design Analysis from Step 1 and Paste it into the same Design World Folder Name this analysis Step 2 Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Design World Tab Select want to Determine a reasonable general design for a field know L Q DU Dreq System Geometry Tab Set Length L 200 m Verify Width W TBD Execution Tab Verify Dreq 100 mm L 200 m Q 230 Ips amp DU 0 8 Press Run Button Results Tab View under Design Results Width 84 16 m For a 200 m long field the maximum basin width recommended by WinSRFR for the defined field conditions is 84 16 m A width of 75 m will be chosen in Step 3 since 75 m is the largest width less than 84 16 m that is evenly divisible into 600 m the width of the entire field see Field Dimension above The result of these two design steps is a recommended basin size of 75 m by 200 m 48 such basins completely fill the 600 m by 1200 m field yielding irrigation Distribution Uniformities of at least 80 To continue this example proceed to Operate a Basin Irrigation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 89 2 4 Operate a Basin Irrigation Operate a Basin Irrigation is based on Chapter 4 Example Design from the WCL Report 19 BASIN A Computer Program for the Design of Le
80. en the new Infiltration Method meets your needs press Ok to complete the change Press Cancel at any time to abort the change 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 75 1 6 6 4 Edit Furrow Cross Section Data WinSRFR defines the cross section of a furrow as either a trapezoid or power law function These two methods are convenient for mathematical operations but may not be easy to define The Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section Data dialog box enables entering furrow cross section data as measured in the field which WinSRFR then will use to calculate a best fit to either a trapezoid or power law function Three methods are available for entering furrow cross section data 1 Depth Width Table a series of furrow depth width pairs 2 Profilometer Table furrow depths as measured using a Profilometer 3 Top Middle Bottom widths with a single Depth Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section Data zl File Edit Help Furrow Cross Section Data Furrow Shape Profilameter FitTo Power Law Profilometer Data Profilometer Power Law No of Rods 21 Rod Spacing mm 20 Profilometer Data Rod Location Rod Depth mm mm 200 6 180 14 160 18 140 26 120 24 Power Law Furrow 100 66 Width at 100mm mm 335 D 80 96 z 60 102 Exponent EI an ann Le Total Depth mm 94 Cross Section Area m 2 0 025 Power Law Ar
81. en the relatively low velocities and Froude numbers that characterize surface irrigation flows SRFR uses simplified forms of the momentum equation Such a modeling approach is nearly as accurate as using the full unsteady equations if used under the right conditions but is more robust and computationally faster The zero inertia equilibrium version accounts only for pressure gradient friction and gravitational forces acting on the flow This form of the equations can be applied to all practical field conditions The kinematic wave version ignores the pressure gradient force and assumes that frictional forces are in balance with gravitational forces i e that flow is at normal depth everywhere Such an assumption is reasonable with relatively large slopes and only when there are no backwater effects 1 e is applicable only to open ended systems SRFR automatically determines which model to use under the given conditions but the user can override the kinematic wave option i e the user can use the zero inertia option in cases where the kinematic wave approach is applicable but cannot specify the kinematic wave option it that method is inapplicable Infiltration can be calculated from physical principles and surface irrigation models have been proposed that couple physical infiltration equations to the unsteady flow equations Those models are mathematically delicate and presently impractical except for fundamental scientific studies At this
82. en using any other infiltration formula users must ensure that the parameter values provided were in effect calculated with the selected Wetted Perimeter option For example WinSRER s Event Analysis procedures calculate first infiltration parameters needed to compute Z volume length see Eq X and then use the furrow spacing to convert those parameters to their equivalents for computing z volume length width If the WinSRFR estimated parameters are used in simulation the user should not arbitrarily change the Wetted Perimeter option to say Upstream Wetted Perimeter as the resulting W when multiplied z will not yield the correct value of Z The Simulation World offers still another option for calculating infiltration The Enable Limiting Depth option is used in cases where infiltration is limited by a hardpan soil layer In such cases cumulative infiltration depth will not increase anywhere beyond the user specified value The input box for the limiting values is enabled whenever the Enable Limiting Depth box is checked The assumption in using this method is that the user knows what depth of water can infiltrate before the wetting front reaches the hardpan this is not the depth of the hardpan Infiltration Formula Matching Infiltration formula matching occurs whenever the user changes the infiltration formula using the Infiltration Formula drop down list The action that follows depends on the option selected under the User Preferences D
83. ending on user specified constraints For example the analysis may specify an advance distance at cutoff in which case the operational procedures compute a corresponding inflow rate and DU min Similarly operational analysis procedures for borders are conceptually related to the corresponding design procedures except that the user does not specify D as fixed in the analysis For a specified field configuration and soil and crop properties the procedures generate performance contours as a function of discharge and cutoff time or discharge and cutoff location Those performance contours cover a range of Den With Dana Dreq OF Dig Dreq The user then identifies that range of solutions that meet a specified D That range can be identified by simultaneously viewing the performance contours with the Dynamic Water Distribution Diagram which is described in section XX 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 13 1 4 Creating and Using WinSRFR Projects WinSRFR s User Interface is provided by a set of Windows and Dialog Boxes Project Management Window Event Analysis World Physical Design World Operations Analysis World Simulation World 1 4 1 Project Management Window The Project Management window is displayed when WinSRFR starts This window is used to create and manage data within a particular WinSRER project gt WinSRFA Project Management Help amp Manual
84. eover the graphical results of several simulations under different conditions can be superimposed in different colors for convenient comparison During the course of each simulation an animated graphic of the soil and water surfaces and the growing infiltration profile in the soil are displayed The simulations consist of numerical solutions of equations which represent mathematically universal physical principles like conservation of mass and momentum These general equations are complemented by user given conditions of the irrigation to make a specific solution possible Infiltration SRFR allows five different ways to enter the infiltration characteristics of the subject field In every case however the ultimate description is cumulative infiltration depth d volume per unit area based on a power law in opportunity time t Kostiakov equation This can be augmented by a constant c representing the essentially instantaneous intake upon initial contact of water with soil as in cracking soils Furthermore a final long time infiltration rate b is recognized Thus a modified Kostiakov equation or alternately a Branch Function detailed below is used to describe infiltration in SRFR d k tta b t c in which k a b and c are constants The coefficient k represents the depth infiltrated in a unit of time e g hour or minute a the exponent controls the reduction in infiltration rate with time The smaller is a the sharper th
85. epth not necessarily contiguous A function of d x Dmin Minimum infiltrated depth Minimum of d x Dreq Required or target application depth Dro Average depth of runoff or runoff volume expressed as an equivalent average depth Dz Infiltrated depth contributing to the irrigation target Dz Dinf Ddp Performance Measures RO Runoff fraction RO Dro Dapp DP Deep Percolation fraction DP Ddp Dapp ADig Low Quarter Adequacy ADlq Diq Dreq ADmin Minimum Adequacy ADmin Dmin Dreq DUIq_ Low Quarter Distribution Uniformity DUlq Dig Dinf DUmin Minimum Distribution Uniformity DUmin Dmin Dinf 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Terminology AE Application Efficiency AE Dz Dapp PAElq Low Quarter Potential Application Efficiency PAElg DUlg 1 RO PAEmin Minimum Potential Application Efficiency AE Dz Dapp 137 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 138 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Index A Accessibility Issues 6 Advance Recession Tab 36 Analyses 50 Analysis Details 15 Analysis Explorer 14 B BASIN 101 Basin Design 40 Basin Operations 42 BASIN Theory of Operation 110 BORDER 103 Border Design 41 Border Operations 43 BORDER Theory of Operation 116 C Choose Solution 79 Color 55 Common Tasks 83 Context Menus 57 Conversion Chart Tool
86. epths 0 71 2 36 and 3 15 in In the figure the labels above or next to the red lines are the corresponding top width value The symbols represent measurements of furrow depth Y vs transverse distance X taken on a regular X Y grid witha profilometer In many field situations the evaluator will take a few top width measurements at arbitrary depths In such cases the depth top width option would be selected and the resulting table for the data of Figure 1 4 3 1a would be as given in Figure 1 4 3 1b If detailed profilometer data are available instead then the Profilometer option should be selected and the resulting table would be as givenin Figure 1 4 3 1c The Flow Cross Section option is similar to the Depth Top Width option except that WinSRFR fixes the depths at the bottom middle and top of the furrow As with the tabular bottom elevation data cross sectional tabular data can be entered manually by importing a text file or by copying pasting from a spreadsheet Notice that for this example from Figure 1 4 3 1a the vertical origin of the profilometer measurements is at the bottom of the furrow However the Dialog box expects data with the origin at the top of the furrow If data is copy pasted from a spreadsheet and those data have their origin at the bottom of the furrow WinSRFR will make the necessary calculations to set the origin at the furrow top Import and copy paste operations will replace any existing tabular data so export any d
87. er procedure using the Extended Kostiakov infiltration equation therefore the user must additionally enter estimates of the final steady state term b and the storage term c or set them to zero if the Kostiakov equation is preferred in order to solve for the constant k In addition to the outputs described above the analysis produces an estimate of the field s infiltration function The accuracy of the estimated function can be verified via simulation A trial and error approach needs to be used to determine the combination of parameters the given a b c and the resulting k that will most closely reproduce the observed advance and recession trajectories and the observed runoff hydrograph if one was measured Elliott and Walker s Two Point Method is a procedure for estimating the k and a parameters of the extended Kostiakov equation from two advance time observations The method was developed for 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 10 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 3 2 sloping furrow irrigation WinSRFR s implementation of the method allows the user to apply it to sloping borders as well The method uses the two observed advance times to set up two mass balance equations Such equations require estimates of the volume of water stored in the surface during advance Those estimates are generated by the procedure under the assumption of normal depth at the measured advance times WinSRER will check if
88. es not respond to the Enter key when the cursor is at the last row position Pressing Enter under those conditions will not enter the data Therefore when entering the last value e g the last elevation use the up arrow to move the cursor to the previous row This will enter the data Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section Data Dialog WinSRER defines the cross section of a furrow as either a trapezoid or a power law function These two methods are convenient for mathematical operations but may not be easy to define The Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section Data dialog box enables entering furrow cross section data as measured in the field WinSRFR can best Dr these data to either a trapezoid or power law Three methods are available for defining furrow cross section data e Depth Top Width Table a series of furrow depth top width pairs e Profilometer Table furrow depths as a function of transverse distance as measured using a Profilometer e Flow Cross Section a series of furrow depth top width pairs with depths given at the bottom middle and top of the furrow depth 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 26 WinSRFR Help amp Manual These methods are explained with the help of Figures 1 4 3 1a 1 4 3 1c which depict typical furrow cross sectional data and the resulting WinSRFR data entries In Figure X1 the red horizontal lines represent top width measurements taken at three arbitrary d
89. ested Default Values Unconditionally Accept option is enabled then WinSRFR will accept recommended SRFR Simulation control changes without prompting the user If Suggested Default Values Require Confirmation is enabled instead then the user will have to verify the recommended changes before they are made These dialogs inform the user of automated changes in the computational approach The Infiltration Formula options control how infiltration parameters will be processed when changing the infiltration formula in the World Window Soil and Crops Properties tab The assumption is that in some cases the user will want to keep the existing values but in others will want to keep the shape of the function independent of the parameter values The No Matching option simply keeps the existing parameter values Both the Auto Matching and Confirmed Matching fit the parameters to match the shape of the previously defined infiltration function Auto Matching does this automatically while Confirmed Matching displays a dialog box with a chart of the currently defined function and the alternative function and controls that can be used to manipulate the shape of the alternative function See Section 4 2 3 4 for more details 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 54 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 6 3 1 6 4 Units The Edit User Preferences Units command determines whether English or metric units are used by default in b
90. f the analysis once the analysis is run That value then is not user editable NOTE In this tab as well as in other tabs the expected unit system for a variable is displayed to the right of an input control Default units are assigned to each variable depending on the unit system selected under User Preferences For a particular session you can modify the units of individual variables by right clicking on the label and selecting an alternative from the displayed unit label list The System Geometry tab shows the physical layout of the basin border or furrow being analyzed What physical layout features are available is dependent on the WinSRFR World and Field Type The Field Type selected using the World Tab consists of e Cross Section Basin Border Furrow e Upstream Conditions Drainback No Drainback e Downstream Conditions Open End Closed End 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 23 ES WinSRFR Furrow Two pomt data Elliot Walker Eile Edit View Evaluation Help T The Field Type is System Geometry ip ee aren E Furrow No Drainback Open End Top View Furrow Spacing 1 52 m Furrow Shape amp Dimensions Furrow Spacing be m Furrow Length 625 Furrow Length bs m urrow Leng m Bottom Width 200 mm Water Flow 3 gt Side Slope Een HN Maximum Depth 300 01 Trapezoid Cross Section Side Slope 2 H V Bottom Desc
91. g a particular option WinSRFR will display input boxes for the corresponding input parameters except when the selection is the NRCS Infiltration Family case in which the program displays option buttons for selecting a specific NRCS family Of critical importance is that infiltration parameters have to be dimensionally compatible with the calculations indicated in Eq XX independently of the unit system selected For example if using the Kostiakov formula WinSRFR expects the parameter k to have dimensions of Length Time while the exponent a is dimensionless This translates into units of for example mm hr if working in metric units and in hr if working in English units A value of W needs to be calculated only for simulation purposes and only when working with furrows Such a choice is not required for Event Analysis Design and Operations WinSRER offers five choices for calculating this effect namely Local Wetted Perimeter Upstream Wetted Perimeter Wetted Perimeter at Normal Depth Furrow Spacing NRCS Empirical Function Ma ir Again the user is referred to Appendix XX for technical details on these options By default the NRCS Empirical Function is selected whenever the selected infiltration formula is the NRCS Infiltration Family For other infiltration formulas WinSRFR defaults to the Furrow Spacing option It is not recommended to use the NRCS empirical Function with any other function other than the NRCS Infiltration Family Wh
92. g the Results tab User Level Standard Performance Analysis All event analyses provide a Performance Analysis summarizing the efficiency amp adequacy of the irrigation Infiltration Parameter Estimation Some event analyses estimate infiltration parameter based on the Modified Kostiakov Formula Zn k Tn4a b Tn e Merriam Keller estimates Kostiakov k using advance recession data and user estimates of Kostiakov a b amp c e Elliot Walker estimates Kostiakov k a amp b using two point advance data 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 18 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 2 2 Physical Design World The Physical Design World helps optimize the physicallayout of Basin and Border fields specifically the Length and or Width of a field is calculated Other irrigation parameters such as Inflow Rate may also be calculated but the distinguishing characteristic of the Physical Design World is the calculation of Length and or Width DR WinShFA Physical Design Fii x Die Ee re oe N a eg Hee gt hk e Farm Brown Farm Field Cotton Field Folder Border Field Analysis Design 1 Welcome to WinSRER s Physical Design Worid This world helps optimize the physical dimensions length and or width of leveHbasin and slaping bordet imgated fields Furrows are not supported at this time Star here then proceed down the tab pages found atthe bottom of this window fuse
93. h the arrow and clicking on the desired option Elevation plotting identifies a sloping soil surface at the bottom of a furrow or in a basin or border strip Surface water flow depths are shown above that line to the same scale as the soil surface elevations and depths of infiltration are shown below it In steep slopes the change in bottom elevation over the length of run dwarfs the surface water depths and the profile of the surface stream becomes barely visible To discern its configuration and the behavior of the simulation it is necessary to plot depths instead of elevations The sloping soil surface then is not shown sloping and the surface water flow depths occupy a significant portion of the screen The disadvantage to this kind of plot is that behind any obstruction in the flow channel say a blocked end flow depth rises and the plot appears to show an upward sloping water surface When it is recalled that the water surface shown represents depth and not water surface elevation this problem vanishes 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 132 WinSRFR Help amp Manual The remaining entries relate to the scales to which the animation is shown By default scales are chosen which will in most cases adequately accommodate the entire simulation Manipulation of the 5 ratios RLLEFT RLRGHT RYBOT RYTOP and RFSZ enables zooming in to magnify some portion of the area of animation The d
94. he displayed behavior pattern to shift vertically on the screen In operations mode the border strip geometry is input to BORDER and the effect of variations in inflow rate and cutoff time on selected performance indicators can be explored As an alternative to cutoff time the position of the advancing front in the border strip at cutoff can be displayed Finally in irrigation evaluation mode with both physical geometry and operating conditions specified all factors that determine irrigation performance are known and BORDER displays the outcome The user can sequence through a series of potential field conditions say as infiltration or roughness varies over a season or as the option of more frequent lighter irrigations is explored in contrast to heavier infrequent applications Infiltration Four methods to enter the infiltration characteristics of the subject field are supported In every case however the ultimate description is cumulative infiltration depth d volume per unit field area as a power law in opportunity time t Kostiakov equation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 117 d k t a in which k and a are constants The coefficient k represents the depth infiltrated in a unit of time e g hour or minute a the exponent controls the reduction in infiltration rate with time The smaller is a the sharper the reduction in infiltration rate and the
95. he number of time steps over which the drop in inflow water depth to zero is assumed to occur in drainback operation of a basin upon cutoff S 1360 NIWAIT is the number of times that the Newton Raphson correction vector is allowed to be shortened to forestall premature recession IT40 is a flag pertinent to selection of cutoff when a given depth has infiltrated at a given point along the length of run If IT40 is set to 1 cutoff is initiated instead when the low quarter average of infiltrated depth equals the given value RDFCT defaulted in shell to 0 0 and in engine l1 FOR to 1 0 used in SA 6020 if l IPTQBK 1 RCMAX RCMAX RDFCT RMMAX RMMAX RDFCT NDXKG is the minimum number of cells between KG S 1350 Defaulted in shell to 0 in engine to 1 VDB1 is used in subroutine VOLUME_BASED_DT 666 VQ_KRB 1 VDB1 DELTA_VZ_KRB Any shell value less than 1 0 is changed to 1 0 in the engine DTLRAT is the fraction of field length constituting the minimum allowable advance increment S 100 Shell default is 0 5 this or any value LE 0 0 leads to engine value of 0 005 QCOAVG Auto RDT group3autoRDT Change in DATA FI IDT group3IDTChangeMax in DATA FI not used SRFR 4 06 Simulation Control Solution The advanced user can override the default values for certain parameters of the numerical solution The simulation runs in dimensionless mode physical variables are divided by reference variables with the same dimensions to y
96. he text below the Water Destination Diagram lists the values of performance parameters pertinent to the irrigation Complementing the field conditions displayed at the top of the graph are the first six entries L Length W Width Qin Inflow Rate Vmax Maximum stream flow velocity for erosion potential Tco Cutoff Time XACOIL The relative position of the stream front when the application ends advance at cutoff ratio the ratio between stream advance and border strip length at cutoff when the ratio is greater than unity hypothetical advance beyond border end replaces physical advance These values are followed by the appropriate subset of these performance parameters AE Application Efficiency volume infiltrated within the requirement divided by volume of inflow X 100 PAEmin Potential Application Efficiency minimum application efficiency if inflow is terminated at such time that the target depth is just satisfied by the minimum depth in the post irrigation infiltration distribution exactly the conditions for Physical Design so AE and PAE are equal PAElq Potential Application Efficiency low quarter application efficiency if inflow is terminated at such time that the target depth is just satisfied by the low quarter average depth in the post irrigation infiltration distribution exactly the conditions for Physical Design so AE and PAE are equal DUmin Distribution Uniformity minimum ratio of mi
97. he user enters the limiting depth of infiltration if any This might be caused by an underlying layer of clay or hardpan If infiltration is not limited 0 0 is entered The user enters the family name for the SCS intake family thought to best represent the infiltration characteristics of the soil Selection of this infiltration specification option implies also by default a corresponding wetted perimeter for infiltration given by the SCS empirical formula The SCS intake formula has the form z kt a c in which k and a depend on the family number in accord with a published table and c is a small constant 0 275 inches or 7 mm intended to make a better fit to field data At low flows on very large slopes the depth of flow can be of the same order of magnitude as this constant and even smaller This implies an enormous infiltration to the advancing flow leading to a spasmodic simulated advance This artificial problem is avoided if the pertinent SCS family is approximated by a best fit Kostiakov formulation k t a This option is selectable and is the default upon selection of the SCS families for characterizing infiltration The default wetted perimeter for infiltration characterized by an SCS intake family is the SCS empirical wetted perimeter generally somewhat larger than the actual wetted perimeter of the furrow for other characterizations of infiltration the default wetted perimeter for infiltration is the furrow spacing We
98. ialog Boxes are called by either the Project Management or a World Window and allow the user to specify user interface and analytical options User Level The User Level preference determines whether users can make changes to advanced program execution options offered by the SRFR engine For most analyses users do not need to change these execution options from their default values and furthermore changes should only be made by users knowledgeable of the program s computational procedures This choice does not affect program options available in the Physical Design Operational Analysis and Event Analysis Worlds Three User Levels are provided by WinSREFR Standard The Standard User Level provides functionality that should be sufficient to most WinSRFR users This option disables the access to the advanced program execution options Advanced The Advanced User Level enables access to the advanced program execution options Programmer The Programmer User Level is reserved for ALARC personnel to aid in testing and debugging WinSRER It allows access to options that can disable a simulation in ways difficult to debug User Preferences User Preferences allow user customized aspects and defaults for WinSRFR s User Interface and function execution These preferences vary from user to user on the same PC as they are stored in the Current User section of the Window s Registry 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center
99. ialogs Infiltration Formula Those options are 1 No Matching 2 Automatic Matching 3 Confirmed Matching The No Matching option disables the Match Infiltration Formula mechanism In this case the new infiltration formula selection is adopted and the current infiltration parameter values are preserved as 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 31 displayed in the Soil and Crop Properties Tab This can cause large differences in infiltration depth vs time Further if the original infiltration formula has more parameters than the alternative equation the additional parameters are ignored Both the Automatic and Confirmed Matching options enable WinSRFR s infiltration formula matching mechanism This mechanism maps an infiltration equation into an alternative equation i e fits a known infiltration equation with a specific set of parameters to an alternative equation with a different set of parameters with the alternative equation approximately matching the behavior of the original equation Such a conversion is necessary under several different circumstances For example the Physical Design and Operational Analysis World procedures were developed using the Kostiakov formula If the available infiltration information is for an alternative formulation for example based on the Branch function then the user needs to define a Kostiakov formula that will approximate the desired
100. ield dimensionless counterparts Two systems are available in SRFR One based on normal depth at the given inflow in the given flow channel is only possible in sloping channels and is the default for sloping channels The other based on a reference time equal to cutoff time if that is known is the necessary default for horizontal channels or those with adverse slope RDTSTG is the rate at which the solution time step is intended to increase if and when the irrigation stream forms an essentially stagnant pool SA 4440 default 1 2 RO timeStepCtrlRO is the dimensionless first guess for depth at the end of the first time step of advance Any value set here lt 0 05 will revert back to 0 1 in the engine 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 131 R1 iterationCtrlR1 is not in currently in use SRFR 4 06 FILFT is the weighting coefficient for left side cell values in determining an average Right side values are multiplied by 1 FILFT In zero inertia and St Venent modes FILFT defaults to 0 5 while in KW mode the default is 0 0 STOPI is the maximum number of time steps to be run in the simulation An upper limit has not been established the default is 1451 TSTOP is similarly an upper time limit on the simulated irrigation The default is one week RCMXR and RMMXR control the tolerance to which the conservation of mass and conservation of momentum equa
101. il surface drag and the drag of inundated vegetation on the flowing irrigation stream are assumed to be characterized by a single value of the coefficient n in the Manning formula independent of both flow rate and depth For a given flow rate and bottom slope a large value of n leads to a large flow depth a small value to small depths The standard user can select either to supply a numerical value for the Manning n or accept the values suggested by the SCS for a number of soil and crop conditions Recent measurements suggest that the SCS recommended values may be somewhat low Roughness Manning n Enter a value for the Manning n Roughness SCS Suggested Manning n Recent measurements suggest that the SCS recommended values may be somewhat low Enter your selection of SCS recommended value These options are available only at the Advanced level If appropriate field data are available the Manning n value can itself be allowed to vary as a power law of water depth to reflect the formula s inherent unsuitability for shallow flows with large roughness elements Thus if no variation with depth is assumed the coefficient Cn is the constant value of the Manning n otherwise Cn is the coefficient and An the exponent in a power law relationship An alternative resistance formula more physically based than the purely empirical Manning formula is the logarithmic Sayre Albertson relationship similar in its origins and form to the Coleb
102. ile Management cssseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeesaaeeeeneeeeeeeeeaneesneeeeeeeees 48 Farm Field amp World Folders sssssesseseseseseseseseeesseseseaeaeseeseseeseenensessseneneneneneseanaeaeaeaeseneneneneneneneneneneeenenanananaeaeaeaes 49 Analyses amp Simulations TT 50 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center WinSRFR Help amp Manual File Management and Management of file Size cccsscesssseeeesseseeesneneeseeesnensesenesnesaesenenaesessnesaesoeesneneseeeseseennes 51 6 Heerintertace wvicceciccciceccccctescccevicendccsaccetnscdsacicen cdsaceceascdsaveesasceawdenucweuasuondawadaecddcadedasunndedadancduan 52 Part Il AON o Om P Go M ch Part Ill A OND ch Part IV User Level 922 52 Wser EE 52 Data Exchange with other WinSRFR Projects ccssssssssesesseseeesesseseeesneneeseeenuesaesenenaesoeesnesaeseeesneneseneseseenenes 54 Data Exchange with Windows Applications c csssssssssssseeseesneseeesesseseeesnesaesenesnesaesnneneesoeesnenaesoeesnenaeseeeseseenenes 54 Visual Elements Color COMEX MOMS EE ee D ta Table Gul EE C t COPY EE Dialog et CC SE Re Ee Be Dialog 10 isas a A E a Ea a e a ARAA RR Match Infiltration Method Edit Furrow Cross Section Data Vary With Distance Ge TIME E eeegieeEeegdeeEegEd eebe EEE E T aa En E ata aaka ia naa DREES PAA LINETA elo Elev tion Table Emiyor a arane E Ee ESERE Sana E A Eelere
103. imated from a curve fit to the function between 2 and 4 inches After selecting the infiltration family the user need only select Zn Net depth to be infiltrated Infiltration Time Rated Intake Families Merriam amp Clemmens It has been found that the SCS intake functions do not match field infiltration relations very well Basically the slope of the infiltrated depth time relationship on logarithmic paper or value of a of the SCS families and real soils are often quite different In addition without field data it has been difficult to estimate values of a Merriam and Clemmens developed a relationship between the time to infiltrate 100 mm 3 94 in and the value of a which is a reasonable approximation for non cracking soils eg a gt 0 3 The user then inputs Zn Net depth to be infiltrated To Time to infiltrate 100 mm The program determines values for a and Tn This is similar to he infiltration equation option Option 2 with Zo 100 mm Time rated infiltrated depth families 1985 ASCE Specialty Conference on Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems Resistance to Flow The roughness of the soil surface and the vegetation cause the water to move slower than if the water were moving over a smooth surface Resistance to flow is defined by one of several relationships between the velocity of flow the hydraulic radius flow area over wetted perimeter and the friction slope Resistance to Fl
104. imited to only one choice All data within WinSRFR begins with Default Data values that are displayed using the standard Window color You should always verify that the default data values are correct for your work Selections or Data Values In Error are displayed in red with an adjacent red icon Hover the mouse over the icon to display a tooltip describing the error 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 57 1 6 5 2 Context Menus Context menus are primarily used extensively by WinSRFR 1 By the tree view in the Analysis Explorer 2 By the various graphs in the World Data Tabs and Run Results 3 For Data Table entry Analysis Explorer Context Menus The Context Menus in the Analysis Explorer can be accessed by either a Clicking the right mouse button on an item in the tree view Clicking the left mouse button outside the Context Menu removes it b Pressing the space bar after selecting an item using the arrow keys Pressing the escape Esc key removes the Context Menu Analysis Explorer Farm The Brown Family Farm W Field Upper 40 Context menu provided by the as Explorer o Border Design e d Simulation Gm d Border Simu Open Window Remove Cut Copy The menu displayed is specific to the item selected in the tree view 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research
105. input Inflow Runoff Advance and Recession data Pressing the Summarize and Verify Analysis button generates the analysis results that can be viewed using the Results Tab OM WinSRFR Furrow Measured advance and recession data Meitiam Keller Eile Edit View Evaluation Help Ne o ER Pazim 2 herrian Keller Ana ysis a E Ka mmh Summarize and Verify Analysis d fo k 16 095 mm hr a WARNING This analysis has already been run It you Memam Keller estimate Kostiakov K based onthe run it again you will lose the current results irrigation s Infiltrated Volume amp Opportunity Times and your estimates for a b amp c To save the current results copy amp paste this analysis to a new one then make your When you change 6 b or c WinSRFR automatically changes in and run the new analysis re calculates k Errors and Warnings Event World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties Inflow Runoff Advance Recession Results are available View using the Results tab User Level Advanced 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 39 1 4 4 2 Elliot Walker Infiltration Estimation When performing a Merriam Keller analysis In the Event Analysis World the Execution Tab allows users estimate Kostiakov infiltration parameters Kostiakov b can be either manually entered or estimated from previously estimated runoff data Wi
106. into the Simulation World Folder using its Context Menu 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 65 Cut Copy To Cut or Copy right click on an Analysis or Simulation then select Cut or Copy in the context menu Pressing the space bar also displays the context menu for the selected item in the Analysis Explorer Use the arrow keys to choose the menu item then press Enter to invoke it Cut amp Copy are also available for World Folders and Fields Analysis Explorer Eg Farm The Brown Family Farm E W Field Upper 40 Context menu provided by the Analysis Explorer Design Ba Basin Desigi a Border Design i Simulation Simt Open Window Border Simu Remove Cut Copy Paste To Paste right click on a World Folder then select Paste Analysis or Simulation in the context menu Pressing the space bar also displays the context menu for the selected item in the Analysis Explorer Use the arrow keys to choose the menu item then press Enter to invoke it Paste is also available for pasting World Folders into Fields amp Fields into Farms 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 66 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 6 6 1 6 6 1 Analysis Explorer G Farm Basin Examples W Field Basin Field a Event Folder 1 J Double Click here to start an Event Analysis
107. ion Chart Conversion chart for basic data types Conversion calculator for specific values eer a pe ape 2 He To convert a value from English to Metric select the appropriate tab then enter the value and press Enter The equivalent value will be displayed in the other fields on that tab Do the same for Metric to English 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 48 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 5 Data Organization and File Management WinSRFR data is organized in memory and in a file using a hierarchical structure similar to your PC s file system The top level of this hierarchy is a Farm Project This Farm is similar to a folder in that it holds one or more Fields Fields in turn hold one or more World Folders A WinSRFR file filename srfr contains the complete set of data for one and only one Farm The nomenclature Farm field or Project Case is user selectable in the User Preferences dialog box Only one Farm Farm per file Contains one or more Fields Contains one or p more World Folders C P World Folder Contains one or more Analyses or Simulations Each Analysis or Simulation contains data for one Basin Border or Furrow Simulation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 49 World Folders store the Analyses and Simulations which con
108. is not exactly the same The water surface in isolated depressions sometimes appears humped rather than level This stems from the simplifying assumptions made to speed up the calculations of infiltration from such ponds The effect on the infiltration distribution and recession times is negligible Shown on the animation frames and influencing the vertical scale are the top of the furrow or top of border or basin berms During periods of overflow accounted for in furrow simulations with the physical assumption that neighboring furrows on either side have identical flows not accounted for in border or basin simulations a message appears on the screen near the point of overflow The top of the furrow field soil surface or berms is assumed fixed with time as the flow channel bottom changes with assumed erosion or deposition Also shown is the target depth of infiltration The default vertical scale is influenced by this amount and by the total expected depth of infiltration 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Terminology 135 4 Terminology Water Flow Q Inflow Rate R Cutoff Ratio Ratio of advance at cutoff to field length Tco Cutoff Time TL Advance time to end of the field Infiltration Kostiakov Formula Zn k Tn a Zn Infiltration depth at time Tn k Coefficient constant Represents the relative ease at which water infiltrates into the soil The large
109. is not required Some of the ways a user can navigate the various windows and dialog boxes using only the keyboard are documented below Menus To activate any Menu item 1 Press and release the Alt key This selects the first menu in the menu bar and underlines the activation keys for all menu items 2a Use the arrow keys to traverse the menu to select the item you want then press the Enter key or 2b Press the underlined activation key for the desired menu item Tab Pages To select a tab page 1 Use the Tab key to move focus to the tabs 2 Use the arrow keys to select the tab page 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 80 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Numeric Controls To select a numeric entry control la Use the Tab key to move the focus to the control Tab moves the focus forward while Shift Tab moves focus backward or 1b Use the Alt as you would the shift key to select the numeric control All controls have an associated activation key this is the letter underlined in the control s label For example Alt W will select the control with W underlined The Tab key may be needed to selected a particular control if it is in a group of controls that share a single label To edit the value of a numeric entry control 2 When a numeric control has focus its value is usually highlighted You can simply type in a new value at this point or use the arrow keys to
110. ish system Unit Water Cost This option prompts the user for a dollar value of irrigation water per unit volume in order that the Border Design Aid can calculate an irrigation water cost per unit field area 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 119 Application Three modes of design assistance are provided by BORDER Selection of one of these enables display of corresponding graphs Application Physical Design The aim of this option is to present the user with the effects of varying the physical design variables over a range of values to show both what is possible in the way of performance for the given soil crop and field conditions and what values of design variables will yield that performance The physical design variables are either 1 the length and width of the border strip if a total available inflow is known or 2 length and inflow rate if the latter is not given In case 2 a border strip width must be specified specification of a unit width will yield results on a per unit width basis Thus the user first selects the Design Option Border Width or Available Flow Rate the selection is completed by entering editing the numerical value of the selected variable Since the variable actually governing performance is the inflow rate per unit width changing inflow rate or width only shifts the entire set of contours vertically up or down on the scr
111. ition of PAElq which calls for a cutoff time of just such magnitude that the resulting low quarter depth just equals an independently given target depth A simulation based on an arbitrary cutoff time cannot yield this value DUmin the distribution uniformity of the minimum is the ratio of the minimum depth of infiltration in the post irrigation distribution to the average infiltration depth DUlq distribution uniformity of the low quarter is the ratio of the average of the low quarter of infiltration depths to the average infiltration depth ADmin adequacy of the minimun is the ratio of the minimum depth to the target depth of infiltration ADlq adequacy of the low quarter is the ratio of the low quarter average depth to the target depth of infiltration Dinf average depth of infiltration in the length of run after the irrigation is completed e Dmin minimum depth in the post irrigation infiltration distribution e Diq average of the low quarter of post irrigation infiltrated depths in the length of run e RO percentage of the inflow that runs off the end of the field as tailwater e RO d volume of runoff expressed as a depth over the field e DP deep percolation represents the volume of infiltration locally in excess of the target depth expressed as a depth over the field e Dapp applied depth is the volume of inflow expressed as a field depth e Cost cost of irrigation water per unit area of field e Ymax
112. label For example Alt A will press the button with A underlined Analysis Explorer To use the Project Management window s Analysis Explorer 1 Use the Tab key to move the focus to the Analysis Explorer Tab moves the focus forward while Shift Tab moves focus backward 2 Use the arrow keys to move around in the explorer The up and down arrows move through the visible items The left moves up through the items closing levels as it goes The right arrow moves down through the items opening levels as it goes 3a Once you have selected an Analysis or Simulation press the Enter key to display it in its corresponding WinSREFR World or 3b Press the Space bar to display the Context Menu associated with the item Use the arrow keys to select the Context Menu item then press Enter to activate that item Press the escape key Esc to remove the Context Menu Function Control Keys Some functions can be accessed directly by using function or control keys F1 Help Analysis Explorer Ctrl X Cut Ctrl C Copy Ctrl V Paste Results Tab Ctrl F Portrait layout Ctrl L Landscape layout Ctrl G Graphics layout 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 82 WinSRFR Help amp Manual World Windows Ctrl P Print Ctrl R Run the Analysis or Simulation Ctrl W Display the main WinSRER Project Management Window All Windows Ctrl S Save Ctrl Y Redo Ctrl Z U
113. lation folder The user can use the User Options to change the location of this diagnostic file NOTE Because WinSRFR files store all pertinent input data and extensive tables of results those files can grow to several megabytes in size The user can choose to save only the inputs and rerun the analysis only when needed to review the output data Use the File Clear All Results command to delete all results data 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 52 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 6 1 6 1 1 6 2 User Interface WinSRER uses visual elements and Windows services to assist the user in his her interaction with the program and the data Forms and Dialog Boxes help the user navigate through the program s main analytical functions and to function specific options Color is used to distinguish the different worlds and to provide data status Context Menus provide alternate access to functions for selected items Cut Copy amp Paste are used to create new Analyses amp Simulations from existing ones Help is available online and in PDF form Both formats present the same content WinSRER uses two main forms the Project Management Window and World Windows The Project Management Window provides access to a project s folders objects A World Window provides access to a particular Analysis Simulation Object and its data Currently WinSRFR allows a single World Window to open for each World D
114. lder named 1st Irrigation and a second Event Folder for the same Field named 2nd Irrigation The same Field can contain a Design Folder named Basin Designs and another for Border Designs Any type of analysis can be applied to a Field and any field folder can have as many World Folders as needed limited only by computer memory World Folder A World Folder is a collection of related Analyses or Simulations that contain the actual data that WinSRER operates on World Folders limit the type of data they store to their specific world type For example an Event Folder holds one or more Event Analyses but it cannot hold Physical Design Operations Analyses or Simulations even though the basic data are alike You may want to run several analyses on a data set varying only one or a few parameters If you want to save the results of each run you should create a new Analysis or Simulation for each run Analyses 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 50 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 5 2 and Simulations can be duplicated using Copy amp Paste Using the Analysis Explorer simply right click on the Analysis or Simulation and select Cut or Copy to send it to the clipboard Then right click on the World Folder you want to Paste it into Analyses amp Simulations Analysis and Simulations are the fundamental data objects that WinSRFR works with They contain Field Data The field s physical cha
115. lso provide access to a World s upper level analytical options The lasttab provides the Run results The middle tabs provide the field parameters The first tab provides the Run criteria Design World S Soil Crop Properties Inflow Management Date Summary Results BORDER Execution Complete For example for the Event Analysis World the Irrigation Event Analysis option buttons are used to select the desired type of analysis Probe Penetration Merriam Keller or 2 Point Method Analysis The tabbed form provides a brief description for the available analytical options In the Physical Design World selecting a Design Option provides feedback to the user relative to the type of analysis performed the inputs that will be required and the outputs that will be produced Technical descriptions of these options are provided in the Common Task section 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 17 1 4 2 1 Event Analysis World The Event Analysis World helps analyze the performance of an irrigation using measurements taken before during and after the irrigation It can also provide estimates of infiltration parameters such as the Kostiakov k a amp b Supported analyses include e Performance analysis from measured infiltration profile probe penetration analysis e Performance analysis from measured advance amp recession data Me
116. midway between the given and adjacent furrows These boundaries while confining the furrow flow contribute nothing to surface roughness or infiltrations as do the solid boundaries below In furrows the simulation is as realistic as the similarity between adjacent furrows In borders or basins the actual lateral loss of water to a neighboring dry border strip or basin is not modeled when the same assumption as for furrows is applied The user needs to reduce the inflow or the design increase the berm height or furrow depth to prevent an overflow from actually occurring in the field 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 24 WinSRFR Help amp Manual e Bottom description WinSRFR provides five options for describing the field bottom These are accessible using the Bottom Description drop down list O Slope average field slope Total vertical drop Field Length An input box will be displayed to enter the slope value This is the only option displayed when working in the Physical Design or Operational Analysis Worlds as the built in procedures assume a constant slope Slope Table Table of longitudinal distances vs slope Each entry in the table is a location where the average slope changes Therefore a slope value needs to be given at distance zero the last entry is assumed to be the average slope in the last portion of the field The Edit Table button appears when this option is sel
117. n results are set Q and graphed 3 Width at 100mm 571 mm Furrow Spacing No Results are available Run the Analysis to generate the Results User Level Advanced 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 77 1 6 6 5 1 6 6 6 Vary With Distance amp Time Some parameters within WinSRFR can be specified as either a single constant or as a table Slope within System Geometry is one example Slope can be a constant or it can be specified as a Slope Table or an Elevation Table as shown below In Version 1 0 of WinSRFR these parameters can vary only by distance down the field Variation by time is not supported Elevation T able x Die Edit Distance Elevation m m 0 0 03 15 24 0 02 45 72 0 03 76 2 0 03 106 68 0 02 137 16 0 04 167 64 0 02 185 93 0 03 Field Length 185 93 m Vary Elevation By Distance Only Distance amp Time Ok Cancel Help Operations such as Copy amp Paste and Insert amp Delete are available using either the menu bar or via right click context menus Some restrictions on data entry may be in place depending on the minimum amp maximum number of rows and on whether or not rows are required for the start and or end of the field These restrictions vary from parameter to parameter Slope Elevation Table Entry A field s Slope specified using the Sy
118. n 10 Simulation World 20 Simulations 50 Slope Elevation Table Entry 77 Soil Crop Properties Tab 28 SRFR 107 SRFR Theory of Operation 123 System Geometry Tab 22 T Technical Background 100 Terminology 135 Theory of Operation 110 Tools 46 Two Point Data Tab 37 U Units 73 User Level 52 User Preferences 52 User Preferences Dialog Box 66 Vary With Distance amp Time 77 W Welcome to WinSRFR 3 WinSRFR World Tabs 16 WinSRFR Worlds Buttons 16 World Folders 49 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center
119. n Aid is a dimensionless data base of inflow rates and cutoff times and their effect on performance section 5 1 of manual BORDER A Design and Management Aid for Sloping Border Irrigation Systems e L Dimensionless Length ratio of border length to reference length X R eq 4 section 5 1 of manual e tco Dimensionless Cutoff Time current value of dimensionless cutoff time e Kr Dimensionless Infiltration Coefficient current value of dimensionless infiltration coefficient whose inverse is dimensionless inflow Zoom It is possible to zoom in to a portion of the graph by dragging a rectangle with the mouse over the desired graph area from upper left to lower right Zooming out can be achieved by positioning the mouse cursor on a point within the graph and clicking the right mouse button This leads to a grid expansion centered on the given point Zooming closes the original graph leaving only the zoomed version open SRFR The following text was edited from SRFR s manual and help system to make it compatible with WinSRFR s incorporation of SRFR s functionality SRFR Overview SRFR is a one dimensional mathematical model for simulating surface irrigation in borders basins and furrows It is assumed that all flow characteristics vary only with distance from the inlet and time 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 124 WinSRFR Help amp Manual No variation transver
120. n Control Cell Density Cell density influences the number of cells into which the stream is divided for the numerical simulation Furthermore the smaller the cell size the smaller is the initial time step The time step typically grows with time depending on the behavior of the simulation while the cell sizes are fixed with time A coarse grid selects 1 5 of the length of run for the initial cell size medium 1 10 fine a typical default 1 20 and extra fine 1 40 Smaller cells are accommodated by entry of numbers greater than 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 130 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 40 following selection of Numerical Entry Simulation Control Numeric This experimental group of parameters are available only to users at the program developer level They should not be changed without consultation with the Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Maricopa Arizona as modifications can result in unexpected simulation behavior The most physically based parameter is YTREC a water depth below which recession is assumed to occur While depths within the computational boundaries can be less than YTREC recession time for a point is determined by the time its depth crosses YTREC YTREC is defaulted to 1 2 millimeter see sample data file DUNKLIN for effect of various YTREC when infiltration is negligible stopped by an impenetrable layer beneath the soil surface NYUBC is t
121. n either minutes or hours An empirical formula in BORDER then calculates the corresponding Kostiakov exponent a which is displayed but cannot be changed independently the corresponding Kostiakov k is automatically calculated Resistance to Flow Manning n Both soil surface drag and vegetative drag on the flowing irrigation stream are assumed to be characterized by a single value of the coefficient n in the Manning formula independent of both flow rate and depth For a given flow rate and bottom slope a large value of n leads to a large flow depth a small value to small depths The Border Design Aid provides either User Entry of a numerical value of n or a choice of USDA NRCS recommended values based on crop conditions Recent measurements indicate that the recommended values may be somewhat low Resistance to Flow Manning n User Entry Enter an estimate for the Manning coefficient accounting for both the condition of the soil surface and the nature of any crop growth in the border strip Resistance to Flow Manning n NRCS SCS Recommended Values Select one of the NRCS SCS recommended values of the Manning coefficient on the basis of expected soil and crop conditions Slope Enter the slope of the border bed i e the drop in bottom elevation per unit length of border strip in the direction of flow This number which must be positive is dimensionless meters per meter in the metric system feet per foot in the Engl
122. nSRFR then estimates Kostiakov a amp k based on these values plus previously input Inflow Runoff Advance and Recession data Pressing the Summarize and Verify Analysis button generates the analysis results that can be viewed using the Results Tab B WinSRFRA Euro Two pomt data Elliot Walker Jl x Eile Edit View Evaluation Help Ba gt ES Folder Irrigation Evaluai Elliot Walker estimates for Kostiakov b a amp k Run Control C Manually enter b Calculate b from steady runoff data Summarize and Varity Analyses bis estimatad as Qawg Qro 05 Area QavgatTco 112 Ips ResetbtoEstimate WARNING Drei Teo 035lps Qavg Qro 0 76 Ips b ma ram hr This analysis has already been run If you run it again you will lose the current results amp k are calculated trom b the Two Point data and the Surface Shape Factor To save the current results copy amp paste this analysis to a new one then make your mz a 0 291 changes in and run the new analysis Surface Shape Factor k 16 91 mm hr a Errors and Warnings Event World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties inflow Runott Two Point Advance Execution Results gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt User Level Advanced 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center A0 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 4 3 Basin Design When designing a level basin using the Physical Design World the Exec
123. name of the Farm Field World Folder Analysis or Simulation The name can be edited Notes An area for extra information you want to remember related to the Farm Field World Folder Analysis or Simulation Data History Tracks how an Analysis or Simulation was created This data is not editable Log A history of all Runs performed for this Analysis or Simulation This data is not editable 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 16 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 1 3 1 4 2 WinSRFR Worlds Buttons Access to WinSRFR s Worlds is provided by the Project Management Window s Analysis Explorer or by one of the its four colored coded buttons Pressing a button performs one of the following actions 1 If no Analysis exists for that World it will create one 2 If only one Analysis for that World exists it will be displayed 3 Otherwise you will be directed to use the Analysis Explorer to choose create or display WinSRFR Worlds Press button to enter WinSRFR World WinSRFR World Tabs The World Tab is the left most tab for any World window Event Design Operations Simulation From this tab the user can select the Irrigation system type basin border or furrow and the upstream and downstream boundary conditions Upstream boundary conditions No Drainback Drainback can only be specified for the Simulation World For other Worlds the analysis assumes No Drainback World tabs a
124. nce DU is always less than DUlq design based on DU is always more conservative i e predicts a lower uniformity Design Based on Application Time SCS Approach This design option closely matches the procedures developed by the Soil Conservation Service in their Border Irrigation National Engineering Handbook However their design charts are replaced with the solutions generated from BRDRFLW providing more reasonable predictions of performance Under this option the net depth Zn is always known the application time Tco and advance distance at cutoff R are always unknown This leaves 4 parameters in the design process 3 which must be specified and the other is solved for as the unknown The choices are Known Zn Unknown Tco R QO L N DU DU Qy E W DU L W Q DU Q W L The variables for General Design Criteria are DU Distribution Uniformity L Basin Length W Basin Width Q Inflow Rate Zn Net Infiltration R Relative Advance at Cutoff Tco Cutoff Time Design Based on Advance Distance at Cutoff Field experience indicated that most irrigators use some measure of the advancing front to determine when to cut off the stream rather than a predetermined application time or an accumulated volume Wattenburger and Clyma have also suggested such an approach for design in developing countries where the inflow rate may be unknown Here we use the relative advance distance at cutoff
125. nctionality provided by these older programs is still valid WinSRFR moves this functionality into the modern Windows paradigm WinSRER is produced by the Arid Land Agricultural Research Center ALARC the successor to the USWCL ALARC is part of the USDA s Agricultural Research Service ARS 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 101 3 1 BASIN BASIN is a menu driven program for the design of level basin irrigation systems where water is assumed to flow from one end to the other one dimensional The user enters field conditions regarding soil infiltration and flow resistance BASIN then allows the user to examine the relationships between field dimensions inflow rate and cutoff criteria time or location of advance One combination of these variables is displayed in an output table The user can change inputs and rerun to compare alternatives The relationships presented in BASIN are derived from one dimensional simulation results that were captured in tables in dimensionless form The latest release BASIN 2 0 Patch 1 occurred on January 20 2000 BASIN is a rmenu driven DOS program d Data is entered via dialog boxes D w Ke SEH H The Calculate menu is used to execute the selected function the results are then displayed in a text based table 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 102 WinSRFR
126. nd gives additional meaning to data indicating its source or state Color of WinSRFR s Worlds The Worlds supported by WinSRFR are distinguished by each having its own color Event Analysis World Blue Physical Design World Yellow Operations Analysis World Red Simulation world Gray WinSRFR Worlds Each Word has its own color 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 56 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Color of Data WinSRFR data can be Defaulted User Entered WinSRFR Calculated In Error Data fields are highlighted with different colors depending on the source or state of the data value User Entered data is Green acre Inflow Management Unit Water Cost 16 0 Target Intiltration Depth Zn po in Inflow Rate Q bn cis Inflow Method Standard Hydrograph Cutoff Options Method Based On WinSRFR Calculated data is Blue Defaulted data uses the standard Window color Data in Error is Red Dovmstreem Infiltration Depth Advance at Tico R ba of Length Cutback Options Method Time Based Cutback zl Cutback Time ke 0 of Cycle Cutback Rate oso of Inflow Rate User Entered Data whether selection or numeric is displayed in green WinSRFR Calculated or Limited Data is displayed in blue This includes numeric values that have been calculated or are to be calculated by WinSRFR and selection fields that WinSRFR has l
127. ndo 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 83 2 Common Tasks This section provides help for getting started using WinSRFR s functionality Each topic provides a series of steps to help you understand how to use WinSRFR to improve your surface irrigations Topics include Working with Furrows e Evaluate a Furrow Irrigation e Simulate a Furrow Irrigation Working with Basin Fields e Design a Basin Field e Operate a Basin Irrigation e Simulate a Basin Irrigation Working with Border Fields e Design a Border Field e Operate a Border Irrigation e Simulate a Border Irrigation 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 84 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 2 1 Evaluate a Furrow Irrigation Evaluate a Furrow Irrigation describes how to evaluate the performance of an irrigation of a furrow as well as estimate the Modified Kostiakov Formula parameters that describe the infiltration of water into the furrow s soil You should open the WinSRFR file Event Analysis Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the analyses described in this section All event analyses start in the same manner 1 Event World Tab select the system type Cross Section Upstream amp Downstream Conditions and the desired analysis type 2 System Geometry Tab enter the field s physical dimensions Length Width amp Slope 3 Soil Crop Proper
128. nimum depth of infiltration to the average depth infiltrated DUlq Distribution Uniformity low quarter ratio of low quarter average depth of infiltration to the average depth infiltrated ADmin Adequacy minimum ratio of minimum depth to the desired target depth of application ADlq Adequacy low quarter ratio of low quarter average depth to the desired target depth of application Dinf Average Depth of Infiltration volume infiltrated divided by border strip area 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 123 3 4 3 e Dmin Minimum Depth minimum depth in the post irrigation infiltration distribution e Diq Low Quarter Average Depth average of the lowest quarter of depths in the post irrigation infiltration distribution e RO Runoff Percentage ratio of volume of runoff to total volume of inflow X 100 e RO d Runoff Depth volume of runoff divided by the area of the border strip e DP Deep Percolation Percentage ratio of volume of deep percolation to total volume of inflow X 100 e DP Deep Percolation volume of infiltration beyond the requirement divided by the area of the border strip e Dapp Depth Applied total volume applied infiltration runoff divided by the area of the border strip e ha or acre Irrigation water cost cost in US dollars of irrigation water per unit area of cropped field At the heart of the Border Desig
129. nless database of previously run simulations System Geometry 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 129 The choices reflect the allowable variations in system geometry with distance down the length of run The selection of furrow cross section description or border or basin irrigation is made here The symmetrical furrow cross section can be assumed approximated either by a trapezoid or by a power law in which the water stream top width is assumed to vary in proportion to water depth raised to some exponent A Border Strip can have either an open end or a blocked end Open End means free fall into a drainage ditch Blocked End means no runoff whatsoever Flat planted Basins are not furrowed are blocked at the downstream end and can be set to any slope They are equivalent to closed end border strips Drainback into the supply ditch is enabled by checking this box in the Upstream boundary condition Backflow begins when the water level in the supply ditch drops below the upstream surface elevation of the irrigation stream Drainback with its negative inflow after cutoff allows higher efficiencies and greater control in basin irrigation particularly with small target depths of infiltration than simply cutoff to zero inflow This option is allowed only with the standard or tabulated inflow hydrographs and with the Zero Inertia simulation mode Specification of the longitu
130. oil Crop Properties Inflow Runaif Two Point Advance Execution Results User Level Advanced gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt Several parameters relating to these two points are calculated and displayed to aid in your analysis 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 38 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 Execution Control Tabs Analyses and output reports are generated from the Execution Tab Depending on the World the tab may display requests for additional inputs that need to be provided by the user e g Event Analysis discussed under Common Tasks or program execution options that may or may not need to be modified by the user Physical Design Operation Analysis Simulation discussed in the following paragraphs To run an analysis press the Run Simulation Design Operations or Summarize Analysis Event Analysis button in the Run Control frame box The Run Control box provides two visual aids to remind the user if results are already available the Run button turns from green to yellow after running the analysis for the first time and a text message is displayed Merriam Keller Infiltration Estimation When performing a Merriam Keller analysis In the Event Analysis World the Execution Tab allows user to enter values for Kostiakov a b and c WinSRFR then estimates Kostiakov k based on these values plus previously
131. on followed by the irrigation performance parameters 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 95 2 7 Operate a Border Irrigation Operate a Border Field is similar to Operate a Basin Field except the field has a slope so borders are required You may open the WinSRFR file Border Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example This example is continued from Design a Border Field Objective Find alternate Inflow Rates amp Cutoff Times that will yield the desired Application Efficiency Border Dimensions 40 m wide by 400 m long Border Slope 0 0005 m m Anticipated Cropping Pattern Alfalfa will be grown creating a resistance to flow represented by a Manning n of 0 15 Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops to be grown the design application depth Dreq is 100 mm which is characterized be an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov a of 0 5 Available Flow Rate to Borders TBD AE 85 Step 2 Verify the irrigation results from Step 1 Copy the Design Analysis from Step 1 in Design a Border Field and Paste it into an Operations World Folder Name this analysis Step 2 Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Operations World Tab Cross Section Border Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Open End Select want to Evaluate the opera
132. on of infiltration depths along the length of the run when recession is complete can be presented both graphically and numerically through a series of performance indicators such as application efficiency distribution uniformity adequacy of irrigation water cost per application etc Moreover the graphical results of several simulations under different conditions can be superimposed in different colors for convenient comparison During the course of each simulation an animated graphic of the soil and water surfaces and the growing infiltration profile in the soil are displayed Simulations consist of numerical solutions of equations which represent mathematically universal physical principles like conservation of mass and momentum These general equations are complemented by user given conditions of the irrigation to make a specific solution possible The latest release SRFR 4 06 occurred on November 18 1999 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 108 WinSRFR Help amp Manual SRFR 4 66 c uswecl srfr data BORDER DATI XPA c uswel srfr data BORDER DAT O 9 D Bn Gel e 374 ru apne Leet graph can be seen C BORDER 62 Try 108 C BORDER 83 Predict lag time to achieve target at upstream Data Bottom Description Length and Slope Slope 6 90048 Distance from upstream to downstream end Like BASIN amp BORDER SRFR is menu driven with dialog boxes used for data
133. oth input and output forms The specific default units for a given variable have been selected based on units typically used in practice For example if working in English units field lengths are typically measured in ft and depths are measured in inches NOTE For a session the user can choose the units of individual input boxes for example change from gpm to Ips Unit labels appear to the right of variable input boxes Units are changed by right clicking on the label and selecting an alternative unit measure from the resulting drop down list Colors The Edit User Preferences Units command controls the sequence of colors used to plot multiple time series in the Data Comparison Dialog Data Exchange with other WinSRFR Projects To exchange data between WinSREFR data files run two instances of the WinSRFR program and open the two files of interest Use the cut copy paste commands to copy and paste entire Field or World Folders or individual Analysis Simulation Objects Data Exchange with Windows Applications Copy paste commands can be used to copy tabular data from a spreadsheet to WinSRFR or from WinSRER to spreadsheets word processing software You can also copy WinSRER graphical outputs to Windows applications that accept bitmaps When copying tabular data to WinSRFR the number of columns in the source data needs to match the number of columns in the receiver form for example if copying field elevation data the receiver form expe
134. ottom slopes and furrow cross sections or can prescribe variations in these properties with distance along the flow direction and with inundation time The user needs to specify all these inputs for the simulation to be performed Simulation results include the advance and recession curves flow and depth hydrographs at specified locations water surface profiles at specified times and a variety of performance measures such as application efficiency distribution uniformity and adequacy of the irrigation 1 3 3 Physcial Design Design involves finding one or more field configurations length and or width that will yield acceptable levels of performance for the given field slope soil and crop characteristics and available inflow The analysis requires simulation results from different combinations of the design variables The BASIN and BORDER programs were designed for that purpose the former dealing with level basins and the latter with open ended sloping borders The procedures programmed in those applications have been adopted unmodified in WinSRFR Rather than making repeated calls to the simulation engine the BASIN and BORDER design procedures calculate pertinent performance measures by interpolation from static tables of simulation results The tabular results are based on solutions of the unsteady flow equations in non dimensional form The non dimensional equations reduce the dimensionality of the problem i e reduce the number of input
135. ow Manning n The Manning resistance formula has been used frequently in surface irrigation studies because of its 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 112 WinSRFR Help amp Manual simplicity Several studies have indicated that the Manning n does not remain constant for flow through vegetation For example the Manning n for a long basin of alfalfa with a high unit flow rate would likely be higher than that for a short basin and a low unit flow rate Some field experience with the performance of basins will help to provide more precise values Two options are given for entering values of Manning n The user can chose to simply enter a value or a selection can be made from a table of recommended values User Entry of Manning n The Manning resistance parameter can be entered within the range 0 02 to 0 5 Table of recommended values for Manning n The table is taken from USDA Soil Conservation Service recommendations for level basins and border strips SCS National Engineering Handbook Border Irrigation An additional entry is provided based on field experience on long basins Design Three design methods are provided to design a basin 1 Design based on application time SCS approach 2 Design based on advance distance at cutoff 3 Design based on maximum recommended length BASIN assumes that water flows from one end of the basin to the other uniformly across its width No adjustmen
136. phs can be entered manually by importing a text file or from a 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 33 spreadsheet using copy paste Menus commands available for entering hydrograph data are also similar to those available for other tabular inputs The tab sheet generates a plot of the hydrograph as a check on the input data NOTE Because of array size limitations imposed in the original SRFR simulation engine the tabulated hydrograph is presently limited to 20 rows of data The Standard Hydrograph option allows the user to specify simple inflow hydrographs for example a constant inflow rate with a prescribed cutoff time but the selection also enables some relatively advanced input options Upon selecting Standard Hydrograph WinSRER displays an input box for the Inflow Rate Q and frame boxes that are used to specify cutoff and or cutback options The inflow rate is assumed constant unless cutback options are specified Available cutoff options are the following 1 Time based cutoff Cutoff occurs at the user specified cutoff time Tco the time elapsed since the start of the irrigation This is the default selection when using a Standard Hydrograph Inflow rate may vary however depending on cutback options described further below 2 Distance based cutoff Cutoff occurs at a prescribed Cutoff Location Xco expressed as a function of the field length L Xco R L
137. position the cursor to a point where you can edit the current value 3a Press Enter The new value will be entered and focus will stay on the control or 3b Press Tab The new value will be entered and focus will move to the next control Selection Controls To select a selection control la Use the Tab key to move the focus to the control Tab moves the focus forward while Shift Tab moves focus backward or 1b Use the Alt as you would the shift key to select the control All controls have an associated activation key this is the letter underlined in the control s label For example Alt S will select the control with S underlined The Tab key may be needed to selected a particular control if it is in a group of controls share a single label To edit the value of a selection control 2 Use the arrow keys to move through the selections Check Box Controls To change the state of a check box control 1 Use the Tab key to move focus to the check box 2 Use the Space bar to change the state 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 81 Buttons To press a button la Use the Tab key to move the focus to the button Tab moves the focus forward while Shift Tab moves focus backward or 1b Use the Alt as you would the shift key to press the button All buttons have an associated activation key this is the letter underlined in the button s
138. preferences immediately Units is one example 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 67 The User Preferences are grouped on six tabs depending on their use and application Startup Default values for application wide data Files Paths to commonly used files folders View Options for enabling disabling and controlling WinSRFR views Dialogs Options controlling whether or not certain dialog boxes are displayed Units Units system and default units selection Color Colors to use for graphs Each tab and its User Preferences are listed below Startup Tab Farm Name default name used when a new Farm Project is created Farm Owner default name used for the Farm s Owner Evaluator default name of the person running WinSRFR this name is used whenever a new Analysis Simulation is created User Preferences The Black Place Farmer Brown js 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 68 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Files Tab Default Log amp Diagnostic Folder path to the folder for WinSRFR s log and diagnostics files User Preferences f CADocuments and Settings jschlegel Application Data USDA W inSRF 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 69 Views Tab Default Results View Portrait Page all Results are displayed on a Portr
139. procedure was developed The following data is requested Zn Net depth to be infiltrated Tn Time required to infiltrate Zn a Exponent of Kostiakov infiltration function a is the slope of cumulative infiltration depth time curve on logarithmic paper It defines how the infiltrated depth changes as the opportunity time changes For design the primary concern is the 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 111 range of infiltrated depths over the range of opportunity times within the basin Infiltration Infiltration Equation Only a simple power infiltration equation can be used here Zn Zo Tn a where Zo is that depth infiltrated in time To For example if To is 60 min then Zo is the depth infiltrated in 60 min If To is the time base of an infiltration function the Zo will be the infiltration constant The program calculates Tn from the above equation and the following input data Zn Net depth to be infiltrated Zo Depth infiltrated in time To To Reference time a Exponent of Kostiakov infiltration function Infiltration SCS Infiltration Families Under this option the user selects from among the SCS intake families which are published in the SCS National Engineering Handbook Border Irrigation Chapter 4 Section 15 1974 The program calculates the time required to infiltrate the net depth from the intake family equation The value of a was approx
140. r k the easier water infiltrates into the soil Sandy soils will have larger k values than clay soils Tn Time a Tn exponent Represents the change in infiltration rate as the soil saturates with water The value of a is between 0 0 and 1 0 usually between 0 3 and 0 8 The larger a the slower the infiltration rate changes as the soil absorbs water Sandy soils will have larger a values than clay soils Modified Kostiakov Formula Zn k Tn a b Tn c See Kostiakov Formula above for Zn k Tn amp a terminology b Constant infiltration rate c Immediate infiltration depth due to newly tilled or cracked soil This represents water that quickly flows into air spaces in the soil Infiltrated Depth d x Function describing the infiltrated depth along the length of a field Dapp Average depth of applied water or applied volume expressed as an equivalent average depth Dapp Dinf Dro and sometimes approximately Dapp Dreq Ddp Dro 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 136 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Ddp Average depth deep percolation or deep percolation volume expressed as an equivalent average depth Dinf Average depth of infiltrated water or infiltrated volume expressed as an equivalent average depth Dinf Dreq Ddp approximately Diq Low quarter average infiltrated depth average depth for quarter of field receiving the least infiltrated d
141. r will display its data in the appropriate WinSRFR World The field data and run criteria are always available for viewing Run results however are only available after you execute a Run Results are always available for viewing unless changes are made to the field data or run options Such changes make the output data inconsistent with the inputs To view the new results the simulation must be run again If both the new and old results need to be saved then the new scenario needs to be run from a copy of the old scenario Changes to the input data can be undone by using the Edit Undo XXXX command where XXXX represents the input that can be undone This will restore the original inputs and results 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 51 1 5 3 File Management and Management of file Size WinSRER uses conventional file management commands to interact with files New Open Close Save Save As Upon opening the program displays a list or recently opened files enabling the user to quickly retrieve a recent project When using the Open command WinSRFR automatically resets the default directory data file path to the location of the mostly recently opened file this does not happen if opening a file from the Recent Projects File list While operating on a file WinSRFR generates a diagnostic file By default the installation program locates this file in a subdirectory of the instal
142. racteristics such as geometry infiltration and roughness and a description of how the irrigation water is applied to the field This includes System Geometry data the physical description of the field s layout Soil Crop Properties data the field s infiltration and surface roughness characteristics Inflow Management data the description of the flow of irrigation water onto and out of the field Run Criteria The Run Criteria functions and options used to run the Analysis or Simulation Run Results Run Results data the results produced by running the Analysis or Simulation Because input data are defined at the level of Analyses and Simulations each of these objects contains its own set of inputs even though all analyses within a World Folder apply in principle to the same field Changing an input to an Analysis Simulation within a World Folder for example length does not automatically change the value for that input for other Analyses Simulations in that World Folder Analyses Simulations within a World Folder typically represent analytical scenarios for the given field For example a sensitivity analysis for infiltration can be developed within a Simulation World Folder by defining several scenarios all with the same inputs except the infiltration properties Copies of the original Analyses Simulations Object can be created using Copy amp Paste as explained later Double clicking an Analysis or Simulation in the Analysis Explore
143. ram previously developed by the USWCL Basin Irrigation Simulation See the example Simulate a Basin Irrigation Border Irrigation Simulation See the example Simulate a Border Irrigation Furrow Irrigation Simulation See the example Simulate a Furrow Irrigation 2006 USDA ARS And Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 21 Water Flow Animation During the Simulation of an Irrigation WinSRFR produces an animation of the irrigation water flowing over the field and into the soil The automatic use of this animation view can be enabled and disabled using User Preferences It is always available under the Simulation Worlds View menu Water Flow Animation x File Edit Control Cycle 1 Time Step 20 Time 1 91 hr Top of furrow ww uoneaeg LULU uoneasg g 5 e 3 3 KS LULU UO UT Required infiltration 0 50 150 The animation can be controlled much like a VCR Use the Goto Start Step Back Play Pause Step Forward and Goto End buttons and menu items to move through the animation frames At any time the data in a frame can be copied to the clipboard as a bitmap for pasting into a Word document or as tab separated values for pasting into Excel 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 22 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 3 1 4 3 1 Data Entry Tabs The World Data Windows provide the interface for
144. rameters Such results can be expressed through selected performance indicators such as application efficiency distribution uniformity adequacy of irrigation water cost per application etc The design of sloping border strips with tailwater runoff is facilitated by displaying the results of a whole range of design and operating parameters so that a user can see what is possible in the way of performance with given field conditions as well as what combinations of parameters yield an optimum Values of selected performance indicators are calculated on a grid defined by the range of design or operating variables Contour lines are then interpolated between grid values to display the behavioral pattern of the chosen performance indicator as the design or operating parameters are varied Field conditions slope roughness and soil infiltration characteristics are input to BORDER by the user along with a target infiltration depth volume per unit field area satisfying the crop requirement With BORDER operated in physical design mode if the maximum available water supply to the field is known BORDER can display the effect of varying border length and width on selected performance indicators alternately the inter relationship between inflow and length can be displayed for a given width Note that physically the pertinent factor in determining performance is the inflow per unit width hence the effect of changing inflow or width merely causes t
145. rcolation and runoff For these studies data from one or more observed irrigation events needs to be organized represented graphically and summarized The evaluation may also be used to generate estimates of infiltration parameters needed to determine infiltration distribution and those parameter values have to be validated The analysis generates performance measures and helps identify operational and or design factors that may be affecting performance The next step in the process is a comparison of alternative operational scenarios Using simulation tools or procedures such as those described in the NRCS design guides the analyst needs to predict the irrigation system s performance as a function of operational variables discharge rate application time This can be done manually by trial and error or automatically if computer tools are available for conducting repeated computations across a range of values for the variables of interest The analysis may produce an operational recommendation for the assumed average field conditions infiltration roughness target application depth or may suggest the need for an alternative design In the latter case the analysis may examine the performance under an alternative layout This may include changes in field slope if soil conditions allow and field dimensions length and width Again simulation or accepted engineering procedures need to be applied to perform these types of analyses based on
146. rformance level This combination would require streams to coast advance without inflow for so long after cutoff that reaching the end of the basin becomes problematic with even slight deviations from the assumed infiltration and roughness Given pertinent field input and a target performance level distribution uniformity based on the minimum depth in the distribution DU min the level basin design procedures treat this length as an upper limit with shorter basins and commensurate widths stemming from practical field considerations The solution e g a recommended length and width given an available inflow rate will match the minimum application Dmin with the irrigation requirement D 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 12 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 3 4 Theoretical performance limits similar to those for level basins cannot be readily defined for graded open ended border irrigation systems With borders distribution uniformity gains obtained through increased inflow rate are ultimately offset by increasing runoff losses And rather than identifying a specific solution with a given performance level the border design procedures generate a series of performance and management variable contours that allow the user to examine the tradeoffs amongst design variable combinations As in the level basin case border design analysis can be based on DU min but it can also be based on the low qua
147. ription Units can be changed using rightclick context menus Depth 300 mm Graphic can be copied to the clipboard Bottom Width 200 mm Event World System Geometry Soil Crop Properties gt Proceed down these tabs verifying all data is correct for your field gt Inflaw Runoff Two Point Advance Execution Results User Level Advanced Possible inputs provided by the System Geometry tab include e Length length of the system along the direction of flow e Width FurrowSpacing length of the system perpendicular to the direction of flow width applies to basins and borders furrow spacing to furrows When dealing with furrows the furrow spacing is used to compute the infiltrated depth volume length width Hence when modeling a furrow system where every other furrow is irrigated twice the nominal furrow spacing needs to be entered to calculate a representative average application depth e Maximum Depth depth at which water will overflow For borders and basins it is the height of the berms For furrows it is the maximum depth used to compute the furrow s cross section If the computed water depth at any point exceeds this maximum depth the SRFR simulation engine will issue an OVERFLOW warning see the output Summary Tab In overflowing furrows the assumption that neighboring furrows behave identically allows the simulation to proceed with lateral furrow boundaries
148. rook White expressions for pipe flow Here the absolute roughness of the soil surface is given by the variable chi measured in units of length Despite its theoretical advantages typical field values of chi are not generally known Submerged vegetation plays a role in resistance to water flow quite different from that of the soil surface While the latter exerts shear only at the flow boundaries vegetation exerts a form drag over the entire depth of submergence depending heavily on the density of growth measured as frontal cross sectional area per unit plan area of the flow channel typically a border strip or basin per unit depth The units of vegetative density are L 1 Evaluation of vegetative drag which can be substantially greater than the drag of the soil surface is still in an experimental stage For example in a laboratory setting with artificial vegetation in the form of vertical wires of diameter D uniformly spaced on a grid with N wires per unit floor area of a flume the vegetative density is ND In the field it is still common practice to lump the two components of drag surface and vegetative together and express the result through a constant value of the Manning n ignoring the form drag characteristics of submerged vegetation altogether 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 128 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Roughness Manning N Advanced Vegetative Drag The fundamental un
149. rriam Keller analysis e Performance analysis from two point advance data Elliot Walker analysis ES WinSRFR Furrow Measured advance and recession data Mertiam Keller Bile Edit View Evaluation Help Neen Ki Welcome to WinSRER s Event Analysis World This world evaluates the performance of irrigation events from field measured data and estimates infiltration parameters needed for evaluation and simulation Start here then proceed down the tab pages found atthe bottom of this window Cross Section Upstream Condition Merriam Keller Analysis i No Drainback C Drainback C Basin LE alysis uses advance recession inflow amp C Border Downstream Condition runoff data to estimate a field s infiltration Furrow Open End Blocked End haracteristics amp infiltrated volume ZFR 2 alues you will enter irrigation Event Analysis System Geometry data Get ators ives f Inflow Tabuleted or Standard Hydrograph J te anis AR Runoft Tabulated Open End only Advance Times Tabulated EE Recession Times Tabulated probe penetration analysis Kote a ge Measured advance and recession data alues WinSRFR will calculate Meriam Keller Kostiakav k Summary of measured inflow amp runoff Summary of measured advance amp recession Lekduderg Performance Analysis Soil Crop Properties Inflow Runoff Advance Recession Execution Results Results are available View usin
150. rrigation for a set Inflow Rate or DU know L W Q Dreq System Geometry Tab Length L 200 m Width W 75 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa Execution Tab Verify Dreq 100 mm L 200 m W 75 m amp Q 230 Ips Press Run Button 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 90 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Results Tab View under Operations Results DU 81 1 Cutoff Time Tco 2 23 hr 134 min Advance Time 2 74 hr 164 min Advance Distance at Tco 176 21 m Advance Distance Ratio at Tco R 0 881 Step 4 Determine the DU and irrigation guidelines for previously designed basin when irrigating bare soil ex furrow in a level basin Copy the Design Analysis from Design a Basin Irrigation Step 2 and Paste it into the Operations World Folder Name this analysis Step A Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Operations World Tab Select want to Optimize an irrigation for a set Inflow Rate or DU know L W Q Dreq System Geometry Tab Length L 200 m Width W 75 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 04 Bare Soil Execution Tab Verify Dreq 100 mm L 200 m W 75 m amp Q 230 Ips Press Run Button Results Tab View under Operations Results DU 87 Cutoff Time Tco 2 08 hr 125 min Advance
151. rter distribution uniformity DU In this case the design matches the low quarter average applied depth D with D Contours produced by the border design procedures include Potential Application Efficiency PAE and Distribution uniformity DU based on either minimum or low quarter depth runoff and deep percolation losses and the ratio of cutoff time to advance time Performance and management contours can also be developed for level basin design but this option was not considered at the time that BASIN was programmed It may be considered in future versions of WinSRER Operational Analysis Operational analysis is similar to design analysis except that the configuration is fixed while operational variables discharge and cutoff time distance are unknown Thus the analysis requires simulation results from different combinations of the operational variables WinSRFR s operational analysis routines currently are those available in BASIN and BORDER and therefore the analysis is limited to level basins and graded open ended border systems with the computational approach the same as for physical design interpolation amongst tabulated results Operational analysis for level basins parallels the corresponding level basin design procedures For the given inputs for example length width and available inflow rate the procedures will identify a cutoff time that will just meet D and the corresponding Dan Alternative solutions can be found dep
152. s enter the desired values in the appropriate input boxes The design options can also be selected using the Design World Tab Default values are displayed using the backgournd color these values must be verified to ensure they are correct for the design being run User entered values have a green backgournd while calculated values have a blue background If the values still need to be calculated they will be displayed as TBD to be determined Pressing the Run button generates the design results that can be viewed using the Results Tab PS WinSRFR Border Design Given an Inflow Rate find the tradeolls between Borde Length ond Width _ 5 x File Edit Ven Design Help Nee a Project Border Examples Case Border Field Folder Example Border Design Analysis Step 1 Find optimal length amp width BORDER Design Run Control Design Parameters g Border Options Run C Border Width W Jg m amp Inflow Rate Q 230 ips Contour Oumiay WARNING This analysis has already been DER Denis Ler ma Nk Jeun If you run H again you will lose the current results Depth Criteria Low Quarter If you want to save the current results use the Project Contour Ranges SE Management Window to copy amp paste this analysis to a new Border Width to one then make your changes Ce rz in and run the newly created Border Length to oo m analysis This tab reflects the choices made on the Design World ta
153. s This help 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 35 1 4 3 5 Probe Measurements When using the Infiltrated Profile Analysis in the Event Analysis World the Probe Measurements tab is used to enter pre and post irrigation data as shown below You will enter data in some columns while WinSRFR calculates the data in other columns Pre Irrigation Soil Water Depletion Table You Enter Profile Depth Texture AWC amp SWD WinSRFR Calculates Cumulative Depth Profile SWD Cumulative SWD Post Irrigation Infiltrated Depths Table You Enter Distance Probe Depth WinSRFR Calculates Profile Root Zone amp Useful Infiltrated Depths and Deep Percolation E WinSRFR Border Measured infiltration profile data probe penetration analysis Bile Edit View Evaluation Help Neen Wi Pre Irrigation Soil Water Depletion SWD m IESE k 03 0 2 SiL 180 60 22 22 0 6 SICH 170 50 34 56 1 2 sic 160 20 19 75 mm mm mm Root Zone Depth ara m arning Leaching Requirement Soil Moisture Deticit Leaching Fraction Re Terrien Leaching Requinment Irrigation Target Depth Postrrigation Infiltrated Depths ID Distance Probe Depth Profile ID Root Zone ID Useful ID Deep Perc m m mm mm mm mm F 0 14 75 75 75 NaN a25 14 75 75 75 NaN en 135 75 75 75 NaN G3 75 1 35 75 75 75 NaN 1100 1 25 75 75 75 NaN Es 12 75 75 75 0 150
154. s the minimum depth infiltrated divided by the average depth expressed here as a percent As user input DU must be within the following range 20 lt DU lt 98 If the DU resulting form calculations falls outside this range a warning message will be given since BASIN has no reliable way to extimate the true conditions Future versions of BASIN will have DU low quarter as a design choice in addition to DU 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 116 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 3 4 2 BORDER The following text was edited from BORDER s manual and help system to make it compatible with WinSRFR s incorporation of BORDER s functionality BORDER Overview The BORDER design aid pertains to plane sloping border strips with tailwater runoff It is assumed that there is no transverse slope that the inflow is distributed uniformly across the width and is constant with time until cutoff that the soil and crop hydraulic roughness is satisfactorily described by the Manning formula with a single value of the Manning n and that the infiltration characteristics of the soil are described by a power law in opportunity time Kostiakov with a single constant coefficient and exponent BORDER consists essentially of a stored database of previously calculated irrigation simulations along with a mechanism for quickly retrieving these and displaying the results of any given set of geometrical design and operating pa
155. se to the main direction of flow is considered Thus any cross slope in borders and basins is assumed negligible also the inflow therein is assumed distributed uniformly across the width Only single furrows are considered neighboring furrows are assumed to have identical flows any variation in properties from furrow to furrow within a field must be modeled separately On the other hand field properties like the infiltration characteristics and roughness bottom slopes and furrow cross sections for example can have a prescribed variation with distance along the bed and even with inundation time The results of a simulation like those of an actual run in the field depend on the hydraulic properties of the soil and crop if the vegetation is immersed in the flow the physical design of the system length slopes etc and the irrigation management flow rates duration etc as well as the target depth of infiltration for the irrigation When all of these quantities are prescribed by the user through the interactive data entry windows the simulation can be performed The results the advance and recession curves the runoff and the distribution of infiltration depths along the length of the run when recession is complete can be presented both graphically and numerically through a series of performance indicators such as application efficiency distribution uniformity adequacy of irrigation water cost per application etc Mor
156. ses or Simulations for each run These can be grouped within one or more World Folders depending on your needs Infiltration Estimation 1 Cotton Field hort in Short Basins The icon associated with an Analysis or Simulation shows the status of the Run Results The green plus indicates complete results are available while the yellow exclamation point indicates results are available but not complete another step is necessary to complete the results The red minus indicates no results are available Double clicking the mouse on an Analysis or Simulation will display its corresponding WinSRER World Pressing the Enter key will display the WinSRFR World window for the currently selected Analysis or Simulation Cotton Field in the example above Context Menus All items in the Analysis Explorer have associated right click context menus that provide access to functions for managing your WinSRFR data Context Menus accessible using only the keyboard a mouse is not required See Context Menus and Keyboard Navigation for more details Analysis Details The Analysis Details pane provides access to the identification ID Notes Data History and Log for Analyses and Simulations The details for folders are limited to ID and Notes Details CottonField fio Notes Date History Log Details are in tabs Name Cotton Field Created Wednesday June 29 2005 2 49 PM Some details are editable Evaluator ID The
157. st Farm Brown Fam _ Title shows selected Farm amp Field Analysis Explorer shows hierarchical tree view of the Analyses amp Simulations Simulavor Analysis Details displays the ID Notes Data History amp Log for the selected item Physical f Design i rfrsted Protte The three main components of the Project Management window are discussed in the following sections Analysis Explorer Analysis Details WinSRER Worlds Buttons 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 14 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 1 1 Analysis Explorer The Analysis Explorer is the main tool for managing your WinSREFR Analyses amp Simulations It displays a hierarchical tree view of the data within WinSRFR The top three levels are merely containers they help you organize your Analyses and Simulations that reside at the fourth i e right most level Refer to Data Organization for a discussion of WinSRFR s underlying data Containers The top three levels within the Analysis Explorer help you organize your data within a WinSRER data file srfr gt a Fam Grown Faim A the top is the Farm Only one Farm is allowed per file so this level only appears once at the top of the tree It lets you verify you have opened the correct file W Field Cotton Field A the next level or branch of the tree are the Fields A Farm contains one or more Fields The Field containers let yo
158. stem Geometry tab can be a constant value from the start of the field to its end or it can vary with distance down the field In WinSRFR Slope is expressed as a constant or as a Slope Table or Elevation Table as shown below The Slope Table and the Elevation Table are merely different ways of viewing and editing the same tabular data Only one set of slope data table is stored within WinSRFR for each field Tabulated Elevation data can be entered and stored then viewed as a Slope Table and vise versa 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 78 WinSRFR Help amp Manual S lope i able Slope Table Elevation Table Elevation Table 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 79 1 6 6 7 Choose Solution When working with Border fields in either the Physical Design or Operations Analysis Worlds a Run produces contour graphs of many possible solutions for your irrigation needs To evaluate a single solution the Choose Solution dialog box lets you select a single point within the contours A Water Distribution Diagram for this point will then be added to the Results Choose Solution From Contours 21x Choose the contour point that will be used to complete the solution Length En Width 36 9 S 1 6 7 Keyboard Navigation WinSRER can be operated using the keyboard alone use of the mouse
159. suitability of the Manning formula for shallow flow in channels of high roughness has suggested allowing the Manning n to vary with depth specifically as a power law in depth Cn represents the coefficient in this power law i e Manning n at unit depth while An is the exponent in the power law If there is no variation in Manning n with depth Cn is the constant n value and An 0 Also enter the vegetative density assumed independent of depth Roughness Sayre Albertson Chi Vegetative Drag The Sayre Albertson chi possessing units of length is a measure of absolute roughness of the flow channel It is essentially an indicator of the height of the roughness elements but is influenced by the micro geometry element shape size distribution spacing density etc The Sayre and Albertson logarithmic formula for hydraulic drag in general follows drag variations with depth more closely than the Manning formula but its structure does not permit the hydraulic radius of flow to be less than chi In fact at a hydraulic radius equal to chi the calculated drag is infinite Any distance or time variation in the Sayre and Albertson chi value is entered in a table constructed by the user in the data window by inserting lines as necessary The button in the table brings up time levels at which parameters are to be defined Vegetative density is expressed in area of vegetation facing the flow per unit plan area per unit depth It is assumed indepen
160. t each of the computed performance grid locations The dimensionless database in BORDER is limited to the range 0 1 to 100 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 121 K grid if selected displays numerical values of dimensionless infiltration or dimensionless unit inflow rate at each of the computed performance grid locations The dimensionless database for BORDER is limited to the range 0 1 to 10 0 Depth criterion Allows the user to select the basis for satisfaction of the target depth of application by the irrigation i e the basis for the numerical values of performance parameters namely either the minimum depth in the post irrigation infiltration distribution or the average of the low quarter of depths in that distribution Performance Contours The contours displayed describe the field of variation of a selected performance indicator by default named in the graph title see Text below as it depends on the design variables The contour interval is indicated below the graph title The contours are drawn by interpolating between values of the performance indicator calculated on a grid of points The grid can be made visible by selection of Performance Grid in the Border Options dialog box The fineness of the grid mesh is also controlled in the Border Options dialog box If the contour interval is too small relative to the grid spacing the inadequate resolution
161. tain the actual data that WinSRFR operates on World Folders limit the type of data they store to one WinSRFR World For example an Event Folder holds one or more Event Analyses It cannot hold Design Analyses Operations Analyses or Simulations The same is true for all four World Folder types World Folder type Holds Event Folder Event Analyses Design Folder Design Analyses Operations Folder Operations Analyses Simulation Folder Simulations See the Project Management Window and the Analysis Explorer for User Interface information related to creating and using these data elements 1 5 1 Farm Field amp World Folders WinSRER uses a hierarchical storage mechanism to manage its data in memory and also to store the data in a file WinSRER File filename srfr A file contains one Farm Project If you are working with more than one farm each farm s data needs to be stored in its own file Farm Project A Farm contains one or more Fields enabling you to group your data by field since each field may have a different geometry infiltration characteristics roughness etc Field Case A Field contains one or more World Folders As the name implies a Field enables you to group your data by field or group fields with similar geometrical infiltration and roughness properties A Field is a collection of World Folders representing the different types of WinSRFR analyses applied to that field For example you may have one Event Fo
162. te Choose a solution point from the contours User Level Advanced 1 4 4 7 Irrigation Simulation For the Simulation World the Execution Tab presents three groups of program execution options The first is the simulation method zero inertia or kinematic wave This option can be modified when the Advanced or Programmer User Level options are selected but not with the Standard User Level In that case the simulation engine will automatically select a simulation approach appropriate to the given hydraulic conditions as described in section XX 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 44 WinSRFR Help amp Manual The second group of options is used to determine the longitudinal field locations at which WinSRFR will plot output hydrographs water depth and discharge and also the simulation times at which the program will plot water surface profiles They are modified by pressing the Graphics button in Standard Criteria The resulting Dialog box Simulation Graphics displays two grid controls for entering tabular data The Profile Time Table is for used for entering times at which profiles will be plotted The user can select to plot these data as depths or water surface elevations With the Hydrograph Location Table the user indicates the longitudinal field distances at which hydrograph plots are desired Similar to other tabular data these tables can be edited manually text files can be imported
163. the associated inputs do not change If the the results will be incompatible with the current input values and WinSREFR will alert the user with a message in the Results Tab If accidental changes are made to the inputs or if changes are made but then you decide to keep the original inputs and results you can undo the input changes using the Edit Undo commands The output Result Tabs will display again when all original inputs are restored using the Undo commands E WinSAFA Physical Design ell Ea Mee gt r l e an c 7 Results are displayed f Folder Bori n df intabs Each tab prints on a separate page DISTRIBUTION OF INFILTRATED DEPTHS PHYSICAL DESIGN CUTOFF SUCH THAT Dig Dreg ke 255 mms 400748 nei 200 S00 000500 Droge 700 D mm 40 60 BORDER ENO RUNOFF INFILTRATION Hp ROLL Can 40 Hiddd 80 DISTANCE ALONG BORDER m AE 69 6 GO PAEIq 69 6 4 RO d DUIq 0 6 DP AD Los 1 000 DP 23 9 m D auer 123 3 es Dapp 142 8 om d ig 100 0 a Z ba 14 23 US Selectthe SE ee ae Results tab first 13 7 4 13 5 um 16 8 4 venue Design Wold System Geometry Soil Crop Properties Inflow Management Execution Results BORDER Execution Complete User Level Advanced All graphs in the results tab can be copied to the clipboard as either a bitmap or data for pasting into application such as Excel or Word Use either the right click context menu or the Edit menu to access the Copy functions
164. the normal depth assumption is applicable and will not complete the analysis if the assumption is invalid under the field conditions The analysis does not require a measured hydrograph but at least an estimate of the Extended Kostiakov steady state infiltration rate term b is needed in order to calculate k and a c is assumed equal to zero Inputs required by the analysis are a the measured inflow b advance times to two distances along the field half the field length and full field length are strongly recommended c the measured outflow or an estimate of the steady state infiltration rate d an estimate of the Manning roughness coefficient which is used to calculate normal depth and e for furrows a description of the furrow cross sectional area side slope and bottom width for trapezoidal furrows power constant and exponent for parabolic shaped furrows Outputs of the analysis as indicated before are k and a If runoff measurements are available then the function can be validated via simulation In such cases a trial and error approach is recommended to find the function that will best match the observed irrigation event based on adjusting the value of b Simulation SRER solves the unsteady open channel flow equations coupled with empirical equations describing infiltration and channel roughness The partial differential equations of unsteady open channel flow represent the physical principles of conservation of mass and momentum Giv
165. the range of values used to generate the contours The options can also be selected using the Operations World Tab Default values are displayed using the backgournd color these values must be verified to ensure they are correct for the analysis being run User entered values have a green backgournd while calculated values have a blue background If the values still need to be calculated they will be displayed as TBD to be determined Pressing the Run button generates the analysis results that can be viewed using the Results Tab Mi WinSRFR Operations Analysis REE Pr Edi View emer Hele Nei 3 R Farm Brown Farm Field Cotton Field Folder Border Field Analysis Design 1 BORDER Operations Run Controt Management Parameters Cutoff Critayia Cutott Time Ten WARNING Cutoff Locston A Design Options Run This analysis has already been run If you run it again you will Length L hm m lose the current results br wait WY If you want to save the current results use the Project Management Window to copy amp paste this analysis to a new one then make your changes in and run the newly created analysis Depth Cnteris Low Quarter z Contour Ranges inflow Rate jo ta feoo Ips Dulot Time f fo 15 67 hr This tab reflects the choices mede on the Operations Vora tab Operations Worle System Geometry Soil Crop Properties lnflaw M nagement Execution Resalts Results are not comple
166. ties Tab enter the field s surface roughness and perhaps its soil s infiltration characteristics 4 Inflow Runoff Tab enter either the Standard Hygrograph or Tabulated Inflow data describing the irrigation water s flow onto the field For Open End fields enter the Tabulated Runoff if any that occurred during the irrigation The next tab varies depending on the analysis type selected in step 1 Probe Penetration Analysis 5 Probe Measurements Tab enter the field s pre irrigation soil water depletion data and the post irrigation probe depths Merriam Keller Analysis Includes estimation of Kostiakov k 5 Advance Recession Tab enter the tabulated advance amp recession data measured during the irrigation Elliot Walker Analysis Includes estimation of Kostiakov k a amp b 5 Two Point Data Tab enter the two point advance data measured during the irrigation After all you data has been entered proceed to the Execution tab to Run the analysis If Kostiakov infiltration parameters were estimated you can also verify the accuracy of the estimations 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 85 2 2 Simulate a Furrow Irrigation Simulate a Furrow Field is similar to Simulate a Border Field except furrows are used within the border You may open the WinSRFR file Furrow Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example
167. tion Border Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Open End Select want to Given an Inflow Rate find the tradeoffs between Border Length and Width Using Depth Criteria Low Quarter System Geometry Tab Bottom Description Slope Slope S 0 0005 m m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa Infiltration Method Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Char Infiltration Depth 100 mm Corr Infiltration Time 3 5 hr 210 min Corr Kostiakov a 0 5 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 94 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Inflow Management Tab Required Depth Dreq 100 mm Inflow Rate Q 230 Ips Execution Tab Verify Width TBD Q 230 Ips amp Dreq 100 mm Verify Depth Criteria is Low Quarter Select Contour Ranges of Border Width 10 to 300 m Border Length 50 to 600 m Press Run Button Results Tab Select the PAE Iq tab toward the top of the window Note the highest PAE contour of 85 at the lower right of the graph Select the Design Choose Solution menu item to choose an optimum length amp width In this case choose Length 400 m field length of 1200 m is evenly divisible by 400 Width 40 m field width of 600 m is evenly divisible by 40 Press Ok A new tab containing the Solution Point for L 400m A W 40m is added to the Results Note the graph showing the infiltration distributi
168. tions must be satisfied to complete a time step These are both decimal fractions of the sum of the absolute values of the terms in the equations If the number of iterations required to satisfy the tolerances exceeds JHI default 7 the subsequent time step sizes will be decreased If they fall below JLO default 6 the time step will be increased JMAX is the number of iterations allowed for convergence before corrective action is taken default 20 JCOUNTMAX is the total number of iterations allowed in one time step default 60 Simulation Control Diagnostics For troubleshooting the SRFR simulation engine writes diagnostic information of various types to the file SRFR DGN housed in the subdirectory DIAGNSTC a child of the one containing the SRFR program files To strike a balance between utility and ponderousness the user should select judiciously the type of information written The file can easily grow in size to tens of megabytes Additional diagnostic flags are made available for experimental transmission of Soil Erosion Transport information to SRFR Simulation Control Graphics This window controls the appearance of the animated surface water and infiltrated depth profiles generated in the course of the simulation It also enables recording hydrographs and stream profiles during the simulation The first choice Profile Forms determines whether elevations or depths are plotted Selection is made by scrolling wit
169. tions of an irrigation Using Cutoff Criteria Cutoff Time Depth Criteria Low Quarter System Geometry Tab Bottom Description Slope Slope S 0 0005 m m Length L 400 m Width W 40 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 96 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Infiltration Method Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Char Infiltration Depth 100 mm Corr Infiltration Time 3 5 hr 210 min Corr Kostiakov a 0 5 Inflow Management Tab Required Depth Dreq 100 mm Inflow Rate Q 230 Ips Cutoff Time Tco 2 22 hr Execution Tab Verify Cutoff Criteria is Cutoff Time Tco 2 22 hr Verify Length 400 m Width 40 m Q 230 Ips amp Dreq 100 mm Verify Depth Criteria is Low Quarter Press Run Button Results Tab Only the Solution Point tab should be available Compare this graph with the one produced in Step 1 They should be nearly identical Step 3 Find Inflow Rates amp Cutoff Locations that yield acceptable Application Efficiency Copy the Operations Analysis from Step 2 and Paste it into an Operations World Folder Name this analysis Step 3 Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Operations World Tab Cross Section Border Upstream Condition No Drainback Downstream Condition Open End Select want to Find the tradeoffs bet
170. to add rows Alternatively you can right click the mouse over the leftmost part of the table the grayed column at the left to bring up a pop up menu that will display the insert and delete row commands When entering data distances must be in increasing order e Import Export You can import values from a text file using the Dialog s File Import from Text File command The file must contain two tab separated columns of data You can easily exchange data between projects by using the File Export to Text File command to export data from an existing WinSRER project to a text file and then importing those data into the new project e Copy Paste You can import spreadsheet data Excel Quattro Pro using copy and paste When importing spreadsheet data existing tabular values will be replaced by the copy paste operation Therefore the spreadsheet data must include at a minimum values at the head and end of the field You can use copy paste to transfer data from WinSRFR to a spreadsheet When importing data the top row in the spreadsheet data columns can contain unit labels NOTE The grid control used to enter tabular elevation and slope data requires at least two values at the upstream and downstream end of the field Those locations cannot be edited To edit the field length use the corresponding input box in the Field Geometry Tab NOTE The grid control used to enter tabular data elevation furrow cross section tabulated hydrograph do
171. trip length and width to complement the field data entered under Field Characteristics In addition the user is also asked to choose between Cutoff Time and Advance at cutoff Ratio as the second management parameter complementing inflow rate Indeed the application time can be specified either as the time at which inflow is cut off or in terms of the position of the stream front in the border strip at the time of cutoff The Advance at cutoff Ratio is the ratio of stream advance to border strip length at the time of cutoff values greater than unity are based on hypothetical advance beyond border end The results of varying the management parameters over specified ranges will be displayed as contours of performance indicators on a field of the two selected management variables The user complements the selected field conditions with border strip dimensions The results will be shown as contours of selected performance indicators on a field of management variables inflow rate and application time In this mode the smallest values in the infiltration distribution are independent of the user selected target depth the results which assume the minimum or low quarter depth just matches the target depth show how performance is influenced by the target depth choice 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 120 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Application Operation Evaluation In this mode BORDER accep
172. ts a complete set of field physical design and irrigation management parameters which together determine the outcome of an irrigation The results are displayed as a graphic of the post irrigation infiltration distribution along the length of the border strip complemented by the numerical values of a set of performance indicators application efficiency distribution uniformity irrigation adequacy etc The application time can be specified either as the time to inflow cutoff or in terms of the position of the stream front in the border strip at the time of cutoff The Cutoff Advance Distance Ratio is the ratio of stream advance to border strip length at the time of cutoff values greater than unity are based on hypothetical advance beyond border end Selection of one or the other criteria allows selection of a pertinent numerical value The Depth Criterion establishes whether the target depth is intended to be met by the minimum in the infiltration distribution or the average of the low quarter With all parameters of the irrigation given the results are quickly calculated and displayed as a graph of infiltration distribution along the length of the border strip and numerical values of an extensive series of performance indicators application efficiency distribution uniformity runoff percentage deep percolation minimum or low quarter depth irrigation adequacy cost per unit field area etc Solution Grid Color Coding The Performan
173. ts are made to account for furrows nor for conditions where the inflow is concentrated at a location along the head end e g corner turnouts are not accounted for From field experience once the length is more than about twice the basin width the location of the turnout appears to have little influence on the resulting advance and irrigation uniformity For nearly square field the diagonal distance has been used as the basin length with the width determined by dividing the basin area by this diagonal length BASIN does not make these adjustments for the user BASIN assumes the following relationship for design DU Zn L W Qin Tco where DU distribution uniformity minimum over average depth Zn minimum depth infiltrated L basin length parallel to direction of flow W basin width perpendicular to direction of flow Qin basin inflow rate Tco application time If the minimum depth is equal to the required depth DU is also the potential application efficiency PAE for full replacement i e all infiltrated depth Dreq Additional output includes Advance Time Advance distance at time of cutoff R Maximum flow depth 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 113 The design procedures also provide information on the low quarter distribution uniformity DUIq and the low quarter infiltrated depth Dlq but these are not used in the design procedures Si
174. tted Perimeter These options are available only at the Advanced Level Five assumptions on the effect of wetted perimeter on furrow infiltration are available in SRFR It is essential to recognize that the coefficient values in the infiltration formulas are dependent sometimes heavily so on the assumption made here Approximately for a given soil the Kostiakov coefficients except for the exponent a are inversely proportional to the effective wetted perimeter Local wetted perimeter means that the increase in volume infiltrated per unit length in a time step is given by the increase in depth multiplied by the current wetted perimeter The second choice multiplies the depth increase by the wetted perimeter at the upstream end Alternately the wetted perimeter calculated from normal depth at the inflow end of the furrow is used 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 127 A very simple assumption particularly appropriate with cracking soils is for the nominal wetted perimeter for infiltration to be the furrow spacing The SCS intake families were developed for furrow irrigation with an empirical wetted perimeter in mind This wetted perimeter function is the default option for the selection of the SCS families in the previous window but the Advanced user can change this to any of the above to study the effect of this assumption Resistance to Flow Manning n Both so
175. ty W where upper case Zis the infiltrated volume per unit length lower case z has dimensions volume length width and is a function of the empirical infiltration parameters k a etc and W is a width length of time and the advance time to a location x t In the border and basin case W is the field width while for furrows W is a nominal wetted perimeter Hence when working with borders and basins users need to select an infiltration formula i e the method for computing z and then enter the corresponding parameter values When simulating furrow irrigation users also need to be concerned with defining an approach for calculating W WinSRER offers six infiltration formula choices A selection is made using the Infiltration Formula drop down list Choices are 1 Known Characteristic Infiltration Time 2 NRCS Infiltration Family 3 Time Rated Intake Family 4 Kostiakov Formula 5 Modified Kostiakov Formula 6 Branch Function These functions are explained in Appendix XX WinSRFR infiltration functions Physical Design and Operational Analysis procedures were developed based on options 1 4 only Therefore the last two options are not displayed in those Worlds All six options are available for simulation however In any World the default infiltration formula is the NRCS Infiltration Family 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 30 WinSRFR Help amp Manual After selectin
176. u keep all Analyses and Simulation for each field in one location J Event Furrow Irrigation _J Design Border Field E Operations Border Field At the last level of containers are the World Folders These folders are associated with the WinSRFR Worlds used to run the contained Analyses or Simulations This level lets you group your data by the type of analysis or simulation being performed For example your may want to perform several Event Analyses on the Ist Irrigation of a particular field You would group these analyses together under an Event Analysis Folder under the Field as shown below Analysis Explorer Farm Brown Farm W Field Cotton Field Event Furrow irrigation infiltrated Profile _ Design Border Field Three levels are containers Design 1 E Operations Border Field The fourth level uz Design 1 is for Analyses A 4 Simulation Folder 1 Simulations infiltrated Profile Verification 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 15 1 4 1 2 Analyses and Simulations Your various Analyses and Simulations reside at the fourth level An Analysis or Simulation is the complete collection of field data run criteria and the subsequent WinSRFR run results If you want to make several runs while varying one or more parameters and you want to save the results of all these runs you will want to create individual Analy
177. ut a different z can be specified if so desired Once a desired fit is achieved the user can press the OK button in the Infiltration Function Matching Dialog to transfer the resulting parameters to the Soil and Crop Properties Tab and close the dialog box Pressing Cancel will abort the operation and restore the original infiltration function and its parameters 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 32 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 1 4 3 3 Inflow Management The Inflow Management tab is used to enter data related to field inflows and outflows The tab is named Inflow Management when in the Physical Design Operations Analysis and Simulation Worlds and in those cases the tab allows the user to enter only inflow information In the Event Analysis World both inflows and outflows are inputs to the analysis and therefore the tab is named Inflow Runoff The Simulation World offers various options for specifying the field inflow and only subsets of those options are accommodated by other Worlds Hence the following discussion is largely based on the more detailed options available in the Simulation World De Edit View Event Help e He 3 KR ES eg Ga farm Brown Farm Field Cotton Field Folder Furrow rrigation Analysis Infiltrated Profile Inflow Runot per Furrow dd Waowana ML Piast O02 ML Unit Water Cost pao WML Target Infiltration Depth Zn ho mm inflow Rate Q E ip
178. ution Tab presents a table like form that can be used to modify key variable inputs and analytical options In a sense this tab presents a quick summary of the design options available for level basins showing for each case which variables need to be entered and which are program outputs The user can select an alternative analysis with the option buttons at the top of the table and then enter the needed variable inputs using the input boxes at the right Each column in the table represents a design option these options are also selectable using the Design World Tab After selecting a option the column is highlighted using white for values the user must enter and blue for values that WinSRFR will calculate The current values are displayed to the right of the table with default values displayed using the backgournd color these values must be verified to ensure they are correct for the design being run User entered values have a green backgournd while calculated values have a blue background If values still need to be calculated they will display as TBD to be determined Pressing the Run button generates the design results that can be viewed using the Results Tab PS WinSRFR Basin Design Find the maximum limits for a field s dimensions File Edit View Design Help Neven mo KR e Project Basin Examples Case Basin Field Folder Example Basin Design Analysis Step 1 Upper limit for length BASIN Design Run Control
179. utoff time the position of the advancing front in the border strip at cutoff can be displayed Finally in irrigation evaluation mode with both physical geometry and operating conditions specified all factors that determine irrigation performance are known and BORDER displays the outcome The latest release BORDER 1 0 Update 2 occurred on January 31 2000 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 104 WinSRFR Help amp Manual Border Design Aid version 1 8 Field Characteristics Application Options Execute Help BORDER is a menu driven DOS program Physical Design Design Options Border Width ft Like BASIN data Available Flow Rate Zm cfs is entered using dialog boxes Target Depth a Enter the maximum flow to the border 6 6006 7 6621 Infiltration NRCS SCS Families Application Physical Design Data File c uswecl border 1 6 data border dat English Units Data Status Unchanged The Execute menu is used to run the selected function and the results are displayed as graphs some with additional parameter lists 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Technical Background 105 RUN 1 PAE Iq POTENTIAL APPLICATION EFFICIENCY HS LENGTH 445 93 WIDTH 152 51 k 2 62 in hr a a 8 706 HIH S 6 6010068 Q 2 12 cfs Dreq 3 94 in CONTOUR INTERVAL 5x 200 400 Con 800 1000 1200 These contours represent tradeoffs between
180. ve a Help button in the lower right corner Pressing this button provides help for that dialog box PDF Manual The help provided online by WinSRFR is also available in PDF format Both the online help and the PDF manual are produced from the same source so they provide the same content 1 6 5 4 Data Table Entry Data Tables are used throughout WinSRFR for entry and display of tabular data They appear in Window s forms as shown below as well as in Dialog Boxes Data can be entered manually pasted from the clipboard or imported from a file Once entered data can be copied to the clipboard and exported to a file It is important to remember that when data is imported or pasted into a Data Table the new data must have compatible columns of data both in number and data type pf WinSRFR Furrow Measured advance and recession date Meniam Keller Data Tables have a name column headings with units and rows of data Advance Table J ecesge Tabie Loes DI Wl So 9 23 Calculated columns are Errors are indicated with a ef flagged with an asterisk j red icon Hovering the Di and are read only mouse over the icon displays the error message ginal mm y Aso og Values in column Distance m must increase monotonicall Menu items for all Data Tables are found in the File and Edit menus as well as in Context Menus The File Menu is used for Importing and Exporting tabular data There is File menu entry for ever
181. vel Basin Irrigation Systems Version 2 0 published by the USDA ARS US Water Conservation Laboratory in Phoenix AZ This example design and operation of a level basin is followed step by step but is updated for use with WinSRFR You may open the WinSRFR file Basin Examples srfr installed under WinSRFR Examples to view the results of each step in this example This example is continued from Design a Basin Irrigation Operations Objective Determine the operating conditions for the following basin field Basin Dimensions 75 m wide by 200 m long Anticipated Cropping Pattern A variety of crops will be grown with alfalfa creating the most resistance to flow thus a Manning n of 0 15 would be selected for this condition A Manning n of 0 04 is used for anticipated smooth conditions or level furrows used within the basins Soil Conditions For the given soil and crops to be grown the design application depth Dreq is 100 mm which is characterized by an infiltration time of 210 minutes using a Kostiakov exponent a of 0 5 Available Flow Rate to Basins 230 lps Step 3 Determine the DU and irrigation guidelines for previously designed basin when growing alfalfa Copy the Design Analysis from Design a Basin Irrigation Step 2 and Paste it into a new Operations World Folder Name this analysis Step 3 Refer to Cut Copy Paste for help Enter field conditions and run criteria Operations World Tab Select want to Optimize an i
182. veteceessedecdedauisevsieatantdsauduenscesdeviesaegsobsansdads 11 Operational EE 12 4 Creating and Using WinSRFR Projects ssssseeeessununnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnna 13 Project Management Window EI EE ele Analysis Details WinSRFR Worlds Buttons MiGabkR Wortd Tabe esgzesegegste uge e sgeeree rieegeageg eeg eeeeeg araia aa E EEGENEN EventAnalysis e le EE Physical Desight WOU isis cos geess ege eege es sec nt eA NEESS eG ees Operations Analysis World sats Sech we 19 MTVU ALON WONO DEN 20 Data Entry Tab ssisiisiissccissistssesiisiscacesssoncscesssouccassssocacecssndscadeassececacecssuieccdsissaueadsssbsasecsiaubentedansbaantussisbadasiisrsaarsssreseaers 22 SEENEN ES terre errr re cere reer errr EA 22 SOM eene tee EE 28 intow net TEE 32 Bata SUM EE 34 Probe MGaSuire nena m a A aS a RS 35 Advance Recession vu bass 36 TWO Oe lag RE EE 37 Execution Control Tabs isisiisisscississeccsossssssccsessaseccesessocscccsonsacccccscadaccccdscudessesedasassueseacsacedesasunsissebeusiatrievedstsissecerosesssacen 38 Merriam Keller Infiltration Estimations 2 ciccccssversecveecssces succeeds cesceese cvessesssaeseesesesavepesasbapancuccnsceteacensetsceaesaissdeesdsazesacess 38 Elliot Walker Infiltration Eetmaton ue 39 Basin Design Border Design B in Operaio EE 42 B rderOperationS EE 43 uge Wee Kul 110 EE 43 Run Results Tabs Tools RE eene e R Lee EE 46 Conversion Chan e UE 47 5 Data Organization and F
183. was the same for all members In other words every SCS family was characterized by a specific relation between K and A All of the A values were somewhat higher than 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 118 WinSRFR Help amp Manual 0 5 and all families if graphed formed a regular progression of curves without intersections While many soils fail to fit any of these families graphs of their cumulative infiltration vs opportunity time intersect many SCS families some are indeed successfully incorporated within the SCS group The opportunity to describe soil infiltration by SCS family is provided for those users whose experience justifies describing their subject soils in this way Since the Border Design Aid assumes Kostiakov infiltration selection of an SCS family leads automatically to a best fit pair of Kostiakov k and a to the SCS K A and C Thus selection of an SCS family in this dialogue box fixes both k and a Infiltration Input Time Rated Intake Families Merriam and Clemmens built upon the NRCS concept of a general relationship between the Kostiakov k and a and examining cumulative infiltration functions for many soils empirically found a correlation between the exponent in the Kostiakov formula and the time to infiltrate a characteristic depth of specifically 100 mm volume per unit field area The user specifies the time required to infiltrate 100mm 3 91 inches i
184. ween Inflow Rate amp Cutoff Using Cutoff Criteria Cutoff Time Depth Criteria Low Quarter System Geometry Tab Bottom Description Slope Slope S 0 0005 m m Length L 400 m Width W 40 m Soil Crop Properties Tab Roughness Method NRCS Suggested Manning n Select 0 15 Alfalfa Infiltration Method Known Characteristic Infiltration Time Char Infiltration Depth 100 mm Corr Infiltration Time 3 5 hr 210 min Corr Kostiakov a 0 5 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Common Tasks 97 Inflow Management Tab Required Depth Dreq 100 mm Inflow Rate Q TBD Cutoff Time Tco TBD Execution Tab Verify Cutoff Criteria is Cutoff Location R Verify Length 400 m Width 40 m Verify Depth Criteria is Low Quarter Select Contour Ranges of Inflow Rate 100 to 500 Ips Cutoff Time 1 to 3 hr Press Run Button Results Tab Select the PAE Iq tab toward the top of the window Note the highest PAE contour of 85 at the top center of the graph Select the Operations Choose Solution menu item to choose an optimum inflow rate amp cutoff time In this example choose Inflow Rate 350 Ips Cutoff Time 1 5 hr Press Ok A new tab containing the Solution Point for Inflow Rate 350 Ips Cutoff Location 0 65 is added to the Results Note the graph showing the infiltration distribution followed by the irrigation performance parameters 2006 USDA ARS Arid
185. with tools for irrigation system evaluation design and operational analysis Intended users are irrigation specialists university extension agents and researchers consultants and farmers with moderate to advanced knowledge of surface irrigation hydraulics WinSREFR is the successor to irrigation modeling software developed over the past 20 years by the USDA Agricultural Research Service namely SRER One dimensional simulation of basin border and furrow irrigation BASIN Level Basin irrigation design and operations BORDER Sloping Border irrigation design and operations In this initial release WinSRFR integrates the functionality of those legacy applications Future releases of WinSRFR will enhance the original analytical capabilities and add new capabilities Shown here is the Project Management Window the first window to display when WinSRFR starts T WinSRFA Project Management Help amp Manual srir Farm Brown Farm Farm Brown Farm Field Cotton Field Simulation Details Infiltrated Profile infiltrated Profle d Figure 1 1 WinSRFR Project Management Window 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center WinSRFR Help amp Manual WinSRFR combines the functionality of BASIN BORDER and SRFR with new capabilities into four color coded Worlds Event Analysis World New irrigation event analysis functionality Physical Design World BASIN and BORDER s design
186. y Data Table being displayed The Data Table s name is displayed as the menu item s name 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center 60 WinSRFR Help amp Manual P Profilometer txt Notepad oO x File Edit Format View Help The file shown above contains data ready to be imported into a Profilometer Data table Note that the first line in this file contains the units applicable to each column of data If this line is present the units specified will be used when the file is imported If this line is missing the units currently being displayed by WinSRFR will be used Of course a Profilometer Data file exported by WinSRFR can always be imported later Files are checked to ensure they have a valid number of rows and columns and the right type of data in each column Error message s will be displayed if the data is not valid or incompatible with the current setup 2006 USDA ARS Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Welcome to WinSRFR 61 Enter Edit Furrow Cross Section Data BEI File Edit Help Save Field Data amp Cl f Se hion Data Furrow Shape Cancel amp Close To gt Powe Import From File Export To File Profilometer Data Profilometer Data No of Rods Rod Spacing mm 20 The File menu has a Profilometer Data menu item that provides Import amp Export for the Profilometer Data Table Profilometer D
187. ysis capabilities of WinSRFR s Event Analysis Simulation Physical Design and Operation Analysis Worlds Except for the Event Analysis World WinSRFR s capabilities are based on those provided by the legacy programs SRFR BORDER and BASIN programs Detailed technical descriptions of the procedures employed in this application are provided in various technical references several of which are provided with this software as PDF help files Event Analysis Procedures in the Event Analysis world are used to evaluate the performance of irrigation events from field measured data and to estimate infiltration parameters needed for evaluation simulation physical design and operational analysis These procedures use physical principles particularly a mass balance to determine the disposition of the irrigation water Three evaluation procedures currently are provided e Infiltration profile analysis from probe penetration data e Merriam Keller analysis of advance and recession data Merriam and Keller 1980 e Eliot and Walker s 1982 two point method analysis of advance data Probe penetration analysis is an evaluation technique that relies on measurements of the post irrigation depth of the infiltration wetting front This depth is determined by driving a metal probe through the wetted profile at several locations along the field and is applicable in heavy to medium textured soils The water penetration depth is used to estimate the post irrigation depth

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