USER MANUAL Version 2.5.0.0724
Contents
1. 16 4 11 Defining parameters of the capacitor 17 4 12 Defining parameters of series reactor and shunt reactor r r 17 5 PERFORMING POWER GRID CALCULATIONS 18 5 1 POWER TOW CAICUlALIONS uuu u y uu ota ve teh etuer Meet eni ede 18 5 2 OM rac E 19 5 9 21 Miotorstart analysis sni uu x P ate e bc ep T 22 PROTECTION COORDINATION 23 Gl Adding breaker unit Pes 23 6 2 Breaker Unit properties windoW OVervleW Meee whe Rami Re 24 63 Contfigliringovercurrent Drott ON susine usan pha 27 6 4 Configuring non direction overcurrent 27 6 5 Configuring directional overcurrent 28 6 63 Configuring undervoltage E E Eee EE exa etu Q EU ERU b LAUR E C u BEER 29 6 7 Configuring ground fault protection cceecccceseccccesscceceesececseeceeceeeceessusececsusecessuneceeseueceessuaesesseneses 30 6 8 Configuring non directional ground fault protection r r 31 6 9 Configuring directional ground fault protec2. nerqu ADVICE EA PSM USER MANUAL Version 2 5 0 0724 Content J INERODUCHON uuu uz ia Su Sa aa 4 2 INSTALLING AND LAUNCHING EA PSM SOFTWARE 5 3 BASICS OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE uuu l uu a Qu Dl ra n cba v Rev uu aa 6 Sule v Tool Rc ni WiINOOW 6 32 7 4 CREATING THE POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS 8 4 1 Principlesor one line diagram drawing u nu 8 4 2 Meanings of icons on the Grid Elements pane ccccceesecccceseccceescceceesececeeneceeeueeceeseusecessuecesseneceesenes 9 43 Creating the InfiniteBUSDAE u oUm eet acces u u pide eae a RE EU ad 10 4 4 Defining parameters of the regular Busbar r 11 4 5 Defining parameters of the power Line rr 12 4 6 Defining parameters of the 2 winding and 3 winding transformers 13 4 Defining parameters of the Generator i i er doeet Q u er REPE Foe Ove HE EYE DE YEARS 14 q5 Defining parameters Of te OSC oes er eun Ortes ibus urea 15 4 9 Defining parameters ot the IBnVeltel osse u tau utes usa Supa uu 16 4 10 Defining parameters of the Photovoltaic systems and Wind turbines
3. Marv l out gt gt DT V O VMS tarpin Marv l out gt gt gt DT s 200 300 400 500600 8001000 2000 30004000 5000 8000 Cancel Figure 6 6 Protection selectivity chart i General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection aane z o tmn 8 Been gt gt gt gt gt U lt U lt lt U lt lt lt Ground Fault Protection Mint Circuit Breaker Custom Curve Select Breaker Siemens Sentron 3WL ETU25B Siemens ETU25B 630A 0 5 Os 125 60 80100 200 300400 600800 20003000 5000 8000 OLN O Lmax O 1 Motor start O Siemens ETU25B Figure 6 7 Breaker properties Protection tab 26 In a Protection tab shown in Figure 6 7 circuit breakers and relay protection can be selected and edited by clicking Add protection button user will be able to choose an appropriate type of protection Remove button will delete selected protection Export button will form a report with short circuit results and breaker protections parameters 6 3 Configuring overcurrent protection When overcurrent protection is selected from the list Figure 6 7 and added to Breaker unit user can configure its parameters There are three different stages of overcurrent protection I gt gt and I gt gt gt The configuration of all stages is the same the only difference is the name to bet
4. OVA 2 353 MVA 2 828 MVA 8 485 MVA From icons list 13 in Figure 3 1 choose whether you want to display maximum di minimum short circuit results Select a busbar at which short circuit appears by pushing on it with a left key of the mouse In main menu toolbar press Calculate button Choose type of short circuit you want to perform K 1 K 1 1 K 2 K 3 K3 three phase short circuit K2 phase to phase short circuit phase to earth short circuit K1 1 two phase to earth short circuit 19 owe Sort Circuit Bus Buses Branches Sistema ing 52 330 25 668 A 25 668 A 77 005 A 77 005 A 813 171A 0A 0A 813171A 0A 813171A 0A 0A 0A 0A 67 361 kA 25 669 A 25 669 A 77 006 A 77 006 A 813 179 A 0A 0A 813 179 813 179 116 673 44 459 44 459 133 377 133 377 1 408 kA 0A 0A 1 408 kA 0A 1 408 kA 0A 0A 0A 0A 116 673 kA 44450 A 44459 133 376A 133 376A 1 408 kA 0A 0A 1 408 kA 0A 1 408 kA 0A 0A 0A 0A 30 506 Q 34848 M 43 559 38 72 mQ 4840 18150 58 052 Q 15 mQ 479 766 mQ 300 5 mQ 502 4 mQ 226 2 mQ 310 86 mQ 13120 720 mQ 83330 83330 10 10 250 250 Infinite 00 195 305 mQ 31 249 Q Infinite 00 Figure 5 2 Dialog for short circuit calculation results e Results will instantly show up on the one line diagram
5. Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Sa Add Protection Remove Export User Defined ith User Defined IN 100 A Il IN 0 75 tl at Pt 2 IN 14 2 HINT oo Q Q Q 205 2 JD 50 60 70 8050 OLN I Motor start User Defined Apply Cancel Figure 6 15 User defined circuit breaker configuration window In configuration window user has to define nominal circuit breaker IN and three points current on x axis and time on y axis shown in right side of Figure 6 15 Each current point 1s defined as coefficient which is multiplied by nominal current and each time points is defined in seconds 35 6 13 Configuring mini circuit breaker protection When mini circuit breaker protection is selected from the list Figure 6 7 and added to Breaker unit user can configure its parameters Mini circuit breaker is a circuit breaker used to protect low voltage and low power appliances Its configuration window is shown in Figure 6 16 General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection a Add Protection Remove Export Mini Circuit Breaker was Title Mini Circuit Breaker K 63 A 63 3 Tipping Characteristic 1 2 1 2 o 40 50 60 7080 100 200 300 400500 700 OIN max O Motor start Mini Circuit Breaker K 63 A Apply Cancel Figure 6 16 Mini circuit breaker configuration window In configurat
6. Synchronous generator Wind turbine Photovoltaic system Inverter Load 9 gt Eeo Induction motor D Capacitors bank Shunt reactor 4 3 Creating the Infinite Busbar It is necessary to have one infinite bus in the system diagram before performing any of the calculations Infinite bus represents the entire electrical network to which analyzed system 1 connected Therefore the first bus added to the graphic window will be infinite bus by default settings infinite bus has different color compared to other busses and user will be asked to enter its parameters right after it is added First of all the title and the voltage level of the infinite busbar should be entered in the General tab of the Bus Properties window User can leave the title which is assigned by default however it is necessary to enter the voltage level manually Other parameters that can be changed in this tab is minimum voltage level Umin and maximum voltage level Umax When calculating if the voltage level exceeds boundary conditions Umin or Umax busbar voltage ratings will become red colored Min and Max voltage levels for all busbars in the grid can be adjusted separately Bus 0 Bus properties General System Voltage 200 kV v Infinite 10 5 9 Cancel Figure 4 1 Busbar properties window 10 After the first parameters are entered user shall define short circuit current in the Syst
7. connected between two busses and user shall define its voltage level power of short circuit and nominal power of reactor as depicted in Figure 4 11 17 R Bus 6 Bus 3 Properties General Configure Short circuit voltage 2 Short circuit power 1 kW SN 100 kVA Cancel Figure 4 11 Series reactor parameters dialog 5 PERFORMING POWER GRID CALCULATIONS EA PSM 2 5 program performs these calculations e Power flow e Short circuit three phase phase to phase phase to neutral phase to grounded neutral e Harmonics load flow e Motor start up 5 1 Power flow calculations To perform power flow in the grid kj e In main menu bar select Calculate and press icon e Press Power Flow and power flows will be calculated almost instantly Summary 99 e For opening results press Load flow summary 14 in Figure 3 1 18 Buses in 52 330 Branches Generators 1 110 51 10 5 10 1 Loads Inverters Capacitors Summary window will open as depicted in Figure 5 1 Voltage level Ux 330 kV 330 kV 100 0 330 kV 328 188 kV 99 451 0 110 kV 108 337 kV 98 488 96 0 4 10 kV 9 121 kV 91 209 55 35 3 10 kV 33 5 10 kV 36 2 Figure 5 1 Power flow results in a summary table 5 2 Short circuit calculations To perform short circuit calculations Generation VA OVA OVA OVA 2 VA Consumptioi OVA OVA
8. end value Defined by points 600 2001 000 2 000 30004000 6 000 8 000 Custom Curve Apply Cancel Figure 6 16 Custom curve defined by formula configuration window To define a curve by points user has to enter few points from a known curve Figure 6 17 To enter points user has to double click on Current A or Time s column cell enter a value and press Enter There is an option to check Interpolate for each point Use this option if you have a non linear curve and you want it to be smoother To get the best result change the polynomial power best use 3 9 values 37 General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Add Protection Remove wi Export Custom Curve Title Custom Curve Defined by formula v Defined by points F Add F Insert Polynomial power Sample Update Current A Time s interpolate 5 694 1000 v 6 134 300 6 609 100 7 121 30 7 736 10 8 759 3 1 0 3 0 1 lt lt I lt lt lt lt lt 20 30 40 506070 90 O Custom Curve Apply Cancel Figure 6 16 Custom curve defined by points configuration window 7 DISTANCE PROTECTION EA PSM has an extensive distance protection modelling and coordination module User can add and coordinate different distance protections from manufacturers like Siemens Alstom ABB and also user can create user defined distance protection To add distance protection to a breaker in break
9. point of it In order to deselect icon just push Esc button on a keyboard Elements like transformers and lines that need to be placed between two busbars are added in 3 simple steps 1 Preferable element on Grid Elements pane is chosen 2 The first busbar is selected 3 The second busbar 15 selected Another way to do this is to simply push on a white space between two busbars and element will be added automatically Hint 1 If by accident element was deleted or added not in the right place user can always use Undo Ctrl Z and Redo Ctrl Y functions to correct a mistake User can change location to which grid element is connected by double clicking on that element pushing on a green dot at location where the element is connected to a busbar and simply dragging it to another bus Hint 2 In order to select several elements user can push right mouse button and drag around those elements or can hold Ctrl button pushed and select several elements by clicking on them one by one Parameters of a system element can be changed in its properties dialog which pops out after double clicking on that element or after pushing the right mouse key on it and selecting Properties 4 2 Meanings of icons on the Grid Elements pane All icons on the Grid Elements pane 3 in Figure 3 1 have their own meaning Busbar Electric line 2 winding transformer 3 winding transformer e 8 Reactor
10. the harmonic spectrum of the inverter Hint 5 By default the harmonic spectrum of 6 pulse power inverter is defined in Configure tab Ratio Ih IN in Figure 4 9 is a harmonic current expressed in percent of the inverter base amperes 4 10 Defining parameters of the Photovoltaic systems and Wind turbines Photovoltaic power systems and wind power plants are defined as well as inverters as these power plants are always connected to an electric grid through a power inverter however wind turbines and PV systems are power sources like synchronous generators while inverters are loads 16 4 11 Defining parameters of the capacitor To fully define the capacitor just enter its real and reactive power example 1s in Figure 4 10 Capacitor 1 Properties General Bus Bus 6 Title Capacitor 1 Real power P 2 kW Reactive power Q 666 664 kVar Power factor cosq 0 003 Loaded 100 96 OK Apply Cancel Figure 4 10 Capacitor parameters 4 12 Defining parameters of series reactor and shunt reactor Shunt reactors are used in very high voltage transmission systems to mitigate increase of voltage due to parallel capacitance between overhead lines and ground or other conductor On the other hand series reactors are used to reduce short circuit currents Shunt reactor is defined identically as the capacitor or load On the other hand series reactor is more like transformer but it has only one coil Series reactor is
11. 00 Vorlklls_1 M 100 kW 61 974 kVvor 10 kV B 10 kV M Vorlklls_2 100 kW NYE 69 8 kvar 10 kV _ Syna 3 TL Voriklis_3 315 kW Syna_1 _2 Apkmovo a 152 561 kVor 500 kW 150 kVor _ k BoterlJo 1 Inverterls 1 1 kW 100 kw P 1 kVor Y 1 300 Syno 4 _2 x Press ESC or ENTER to exit or right click to display shortcut menu PAN a 414 PIN Model Layout Figure 8 1 One line diagram exporting 10 HELP FUNCTIONS In the main menu bar there 15 a button Help By pressing it user can get important information about the program send his feedback and observe system log information 10 1 Send feedback Our goal is to create a power system modeling software with superior product experience to its end user therefore we appreciate any feedback from our customers as it helps us to accomplish our goals Thus if any idea or impression occurs while working with EA PSM please don t hesitate to send it by simply pressing Help Send feedback Any language is acceptable 10 2 System Log Problems of the calculations are usually depicted in the System Log window that can be accessed by pressing Help System Log Therefore if any problem occurs please copy the text from this window by pressing Save button or send it directly to us by pressing Report button We will solv
12. 4 5 Configure tab of transformer parameters Properties General Configure Connection type Phase difference Connection type high Star Connection type low Grounded star Meutral R Low 100 Meutral X low 00 Cancel Figure 4 6 Configure tab of transformer parameters 13 For 3 winding transformer input parameters are the same however not two but three windings need to be considered 4 7 Defining parameters of the Generator Parameters needed to be entered for a synchronous generator are depicted in generator parameters window in Figure 4 7 Generator transient reactance Xq is used for Minimum and maximum reactive calculating minimum short circuit currents power Not necessary Generator 1 Properties Generator 1 Properties N i D General Configure General Configure L WN D Bus Bus 6 Qmin Qmax D 2 100 MVar 200 MVar D Title Generator 1 d Xd Rs Real power 300 MW 1 uQ 1uQ 1uQ 2 Reactive power Q 145 297 MVar A 9 E Grounded Isolated Power factor cos 0 9 RO Generator 20 1uQ Loaded 100 96 OK Apply OK Apply Cancel Generator subtransient reactance X4 is used Armature resistance for calculating maximum short circuit currents Figure 4 7 Generator parameters window Hint 4 It is possible to change loading of generators motors loads a
13. 5 Display AU absolute value v Display AU relative value Display AS absolute value Display AS as P jQ Display Sij _ Display Sji gt Short Circuit display gt Harmonics display Defaults Apply Figure 3 3 Tab Display in Settings window In a Calculation tab user can change load flow calculations accuracy and voltage factors General Display Calculation v Power Flow Epsilon v Short Circuit Short circuit min preferences Short circuit max preferences Cmin 1 Cmax 11 Leave only generators Defaults Cancel Figure 3 4 Tab Calculation in Settings window for minimum and maximum short circuit current calculations determined by existing standards 4 CREATING THE POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS In EA PSM 2 5 a new state of art one line diagram drawing tool was presented This tool is developed for fast and really efficient diagram drawing either with PC or tablet although users can also draw system as in previous versions of EA PSM see User s Manual Version 2 0r4 4 1 Principle of one line diagram drawing To draw one line diagram in EA PSM 2 5 user should choose one of the icons on Grid Elements pane 3 in Figure 3 1 each icon represents particular system element See 4 2 paragraph When icon is chosen it is shown in darker background this means that it is possible to add element on graphic window 4 in Figure 3 1 by pushing at any
14. DT 0 6 0 1 0 06 0 03 200 300 400 500600 800 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 20 000 Figure 6 9 Connected overcurrent protection stages Relay time setting defines protection time setting Minimum values 15 20 ms Relay current setting defines protection current setting in primary values Table shown in Figure 6 8 depicts protection sensitivity values of each short circuit type based on current setting If sensitivity 1s less than 2 table cell turns red 6 5 Configuring directional overcurrent protection There are two types of directional overcurrent protection forward and reverse Direction overcurrent protection configuration window is shown in Figure 6 10 Basic parameters are the same as in non directional protection characteristic direction time settings and current setting Characteristic angle defines angle in degrees in which the protection is facing Sector angle 1s angle in degrees which defines the tripping area of protection Polarization voltage defines the voltage needed for protection to trip 28 On the left in Figure 6 10 user can view the directional protection diagram By clicking Vectors button in the table user can view different short circuit vectors and their direction General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Add Protection Remove Export po Characteristic Definite time Direction Directional forward v Con
15. Sensitivity Isc K11 K11 Sensitiv OA M 13 656 A 2276 Figure 6 11 Non directional ground fault protection configuration Like in non directional overcurrent protection user have to define direction time setting and current setting Ground fault sensitivity table is similar to overcurrent protection sensitivity table only ground fault table compares current setting with short circuit 1 and K1 1 zero sequence current multiplied by 3 If sensitivity value 1s less than 2 cell color is red 6 9 Configuring directional ground fault protection Directional ground fault protection also has two directions forward and reverse Like in directional overcurrent protection user also have to define direction time settings current settings characteristic angle and sector angle Configuration window is shown in Figure 6 11 Differently than in overcurrent protection user can also define directional protection tripping zone characteristic User can choose Sector same like in directional overcurrent protection Sin no sector angle property and Cos no sector angle property By selecting different short circuit from the table user can view its vectors in diagram and see if protection will trip If current vector is inside light blue area ground fault protection will trip 31 General Short Circuit Add Protection v Remove Ground Fault Protection Protection Distance Protection Export Directional forward C
16. and 2 cell color is yellow if sensitivity value is less that one or infinity cell color is red 29 General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Add Protection Remove Export U Phase selection type Phase to Ground User defined Recommended Time setting Voltage setting Minimal current SC bus UscK3 K3Sensi UscK2 2 Sensi UscK1 Sensi UscK11 K11Sen 4 5 533 kV 1446 5 514 kV A 5 579 kV 5 524 kV 2 7129 2 932 3 619 kV 2211 0 029 V 2 363 kV 5 18 kV 5 067 kV 5 291 kV 5 147 kV 5 756 kV 5 763 kV 5 68 kV 5 762 kV Figure 6 11 Undervoltage protection configuration 6 7 Configuring ground fault protection When ground fault protection is selected from the list Figure 6 7 and added to Breaker unit user can configure its parameters This protection 1 very similar to overcurrent protection user also can choose non directional or directional ground fault protection 30 6 8 Configuring non directional ground fault protection Configuration of non directional ground fault protection is the same as non directional overcurrent protection see 6 4 paragraph Configuration window is shown in Figure 6 12 General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Add Protection Remove Export Ground Fault Protection Direction None directional User defined Recommended Relay time setting 1s Relay current setting SC bus Isc K1 K1
17. and can be also observed by pressing Short circuit summary table of short circuit results is depicted in Figure 5 2 8 Summary 14 in Figure 3 1 Summary 20 5 3 Harmonic analysis To perform harmonic analysis e In main menu bar select Calculate and press icon e Select Harmonics e Results will instantly show up on the one line diagram and can be also observed by pressing Harmonics load flow summary Summary 14 in Figure 3 1 e Summary table of harmonics load flow results is depicted in Figure 5 3 Here user can observe voltage harmonics at each bus and current harmonics at each branch By pressing icon os results will be displayed graphically as depicted in Figure 5 4 G Harmonics results Branches U THD G Voltage level 0143 V wawa 330 kV 17 25 V 330 kV 21 789 V wa 110 kV 19 629 V 10 kV 47 606 V 10 kV 18 527 V 10 kV Figure 5 3 Results of harmonics load flow analysis 27 Harmonics results INV Harmonics results Current A AV 4v E t Ee 1 al Z ao eu j bu us E SS 2 lt gt 9 Harmonic Figure 5 4 Graphical representation of harmonics 21 5 4 Motor start up analysis To perform motor start up analysis First of all user have to choose which motors should be assessed in the motor start up calculation This can be done by choosing an approp
18. atabase of wire types by the well known manufacturers Draka Nexans TF etc commonly used by system designers and operators It is also possible to model towers for overhead lines For creating templates for previously mentioned elements select Modelling from main menu bar Figure 3 1 and choose Wire types Cable types or Tower types from drop down menu Table will pop out as shown in Error Reference source not found Figure 7 2 or Figure 7 3 ere user will have to enter the required parameters and press Save new to save model If user wants to modify existing model he should selected the model update its parameters and press Overwrite button 43 Predefined mq KNS 150 Cross section arem 150 mm Specific resistance Permitted current Figure 7 1 Wire type configuration window Menu Configure Predefined AL M6A3x70 Manufacturer 4 Nexans New type Type _ AL M6A 3x70 x Does Vo QNM s Specific resistance 443 m km Specific reactance 128 426 mOQO km Specific capacitance 151 nF km Cross section area 70 mm Permitted current Figure 7 2 Cable type configuration window 44 Predefined PB110 1 110 kV B New type Delete type Save new Overwrite Configure Title Voltage level Arms Figure 7 3 Tower type configuration window 9 DATA EXPORTING 9 1 Calculation results exporting In order to export a
19. ating a busbar Opens window to configure a busbar Add element Opens window for creating a new system element loads generators and etc Shows if all parameters of system elements are valid green background if no faults se were found in yellow background if not recommended parameters were found and in red background if erroneous parameters where found Calculate Performs selected calculation load flow harmonics load flow motor start up short circuit Display results Select to depict results in a one line diagram of a particular calculation Summary Results depicted in tables of different calculations 3 2 General setting window Settings window shown in Error Reference source not found is reached through the Main enu bar selecting Tools Settings Here in tab General user could change program language frequency of AC calculations standard and customize autosave options General Display Calculation Language English Frequency 50 Hz Calculation Standart IEC v Autosave every 2 minutes Defaults Apply Cancel Figure 3 2 Tab General in Settings window In tab Display it is possible to choose which of the calculated parameters should be displayed in a one line diagram General Display Calculation Power Flow display Bus display Line display Display Ux V Display Ix Display Ux relative Display Display
20. d load blinder settings a load blinder can be enabled or disabled specific settings vary based on distance protection type 3 Zone dropdown select zone to edit if zone has a ground current compensation factor it 1s set to the factor of the selected zone for drawing short circuit vectors 4 Direction dropdown menu select zone direction from Forward Reverse and Non directional 5 Enable checkbox Enable or disable currently selected zone 6 Time delay field Set time delay for selected zone 7 Other fields are distance protection type specific and are defined by manufacturer 7 2 Distance protection coordination chart General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Use distance protection wil Export Configuration Coordination PhaseToPhase y C in ABB Distance IEDs y m D in ABB B C out Siemens T in ABB n I fo Figure 7 4 Distance protection coordination tab 41 On the left side of configuration chart user can configure 1 Select to show phase to phase or phase to ground zones 2 Show or hide distance protection of current breaker 3 List of all distance protections in the system By double clicking on a distance protection curve user can open protection configuration popup shown in Figure 7 5 B C in ABB RFPP AngDir 15 4 AngNegRes 4115 4 Time delay 20 ms de Figure 7 5 Distance protection configuration pop
21. d models of wind plants and photovoltaic systems much more efficient one line system drawing tool graphical data export to CAD programs and many other improvements that are mainly suggested by valuable feedback from our clients EA PSM 2 5 is one of the most innovative power system modeling software currently available on a market it is compatible with all devices from PC to tablets and this provides our customers with unlimited accessibility to one of the most important tool in their daily works Power system modeling was never as easy as with EA PSM 2 5 which took definition of user friendly software to the next level Try new features of EA PSM 2 5 Export to CAD programs Automated search for incorrect parameters of system elements Undo and Redo functions Functionality to easily change connection location of any system element Functionality to select a part of system with right mouse button pressed Availability to change loading of power appliances Updated Circuit Breakers characteristics lt lt lt lt S lt lt Added support for touch events on tablets Figure 1 1 Screenshots of EA PSM 2 5 2 INSTALLING AND LAUNCHING EA PSM SOFTWARE Installing and launching EA PSM software is simple and easy User who purchased the software all modules or part of it gets a link to his specified e mail address from where he she can download execution file After launching this file it take
22. e X 30 Line capacitance 10 nF in out Model line Apply i Cancel Figure 4 3 Power line parameters window F Add segment Remove segment Wire Types Tower Types Cable Types Segment Segment length Soil resistance Segment type Tower type Wire type Cable type Parallel Cables 1 2 km 300 Om Overhead v 513 Alfe 50 Total line length Total X 767 331 mQ Total C 16 465 nF Figure 4 4 Overhead cable line modelling window 12 4 6 Defining parameters of the 2 winding and 3 winding transformers As for other elements user needs to enter parameters of the transformer manually For customizing transformer parameters Configure button is selected as shown in Figure 4 5 and all required fields are filled If there is a possibility to regulate transformer s tap then field next to inscription Tap changer is checked and tap changer parameters are entered example is shown in Figure 4 6 In tab Connection type user can change phase difference between line to line voltage vectors and choose an appropriate connection type star delta or grounded star T Bus 0 Bus 6 Properties General Configure Connection type Short circuit voltage 10 96 Short circuit power 100 kW U N winding 330 kV U N winding2 110 kV S N 500 MVA v Tap changer Step Step number up Step number down Appy Cancel Figure
23. e the problem as fast as possible and contact you to inform about the possible solutions 46
24. election window shown in Figure 7 3 In view settings window user can configure configuration chart settings e System mode Min Max Ke A B B C C A A G B G C G K11 A B B C C A A G B G C G KT A B B C C A A G B G C G Max Z to show 10 000 Figure 7 3 View settings popup System mode select short circuit system mode for short circuit impedance vectors 2 11 1 selection checkboxes for which resistance measurement loops to show for each asymmetrical short circuit type 1 A B Phase A to Phase B 2 B C Phase B to Phase C 3 C A Phase C to Phase A 4 A G Phase A to ground 5 B G Phase B to ground 6 C G Phase C to ground 2 Max Z to show field short circuit vectors above specified value will not be shown a notification will popup if a vector was hidden 3 Buses list list of all buses in the system Each list cell is bordered and contains five checkboxes The top left checkbox shows impedance vectors from breaker unit bus to the selected 40 list bus K2 and K1 1 checkboxes show appropriate short circuit impedance vectors from breaker unit bus to the selected list bus Each short circuit vectors is colored as follows K3 red K2 green blue K1 1 yellow On the left side of the window user can configure distance protection settings 1 IED dropdown menu select witch type of distance protection to use 2 Blinder box click to expan
25. em tab depicted in Figure 4 2 short circuit power or system impedances can be entered instead if known by choosing the appropriate description type from Description type menu If the network 1 grounded zero sequence impedances are also required These parameters are needed for both minimum and maximum system modes Hint 3 System parameters short circuit power and etc are usually provided by local power erid operators Bus 0 Bus properties General System System voltage 200 kV Description type Short circuit Imin X R min 81 65 kA Imax 81 65 kA Grounded Isolated RO R min X0 X min 1 RO R 1 o o OK a Apply Cancel Figure 4 2 Infinite busbar properties window 4 4 Defining parameters of the regular Busbar By default regular busbar will have the voltage level of the last busbar added in the diagram To change the voltage level of the busbar follow the suggestions from 4 1 paragraph 11 4 5 Defining parameters of the power Line Power line parameters like resistance reactance and capacitance can be entered manually in Line properties dialog depicted in Figure 4 3 or by selecting Model line feature user can enter overhead line cable parameters like length and type as shown in Figure 4 4 and program will automatically create the power line model Bus 1 Bus 6 Properties Title Bus 1 Bus 6 Line resistance R 20 Line reactanc
26. er unit properties Figure 6 3 selected Distance protection tab and check the Use distance protection checkbox Distance protection configuration is instant and does not require confirmation via OK or Apply Note that distance protection can t be added to end of line elements such as generators loads motors and similar 38 Q n 34 0 e a TO 2a 4b gt 4 RFPP pa 4 25 R AngDtr a 5 AngNegRes 115 gNeghes v O Z1 PP v O Z1 PtG O Z2 Time delay 20ms v O Z2 MG v O73 PP v O73 Refresh Figure 7 1 Configuration tab of distance protection In general distance protection toolbar user can enable or disable distance protection for selected breaker with Use distance protection checkbox also by pressing Export button user can export distance protection settings and short circuit results to a text editor compatible file shown in Figure 7 1 System Mode System min System max Short Circuit Type Lee ew Figure 7 2 Distance protection export settings 39 7 1 Distance protection configuration window In distance protection configuration window shown in Figure 7 2 user can configure preview chart and its settings to ease the distance protection configuration On the right side of the window user can configure 1 View settings button opens short circuit vectors s
27. haracteristic Sin v User defined Recommended Time multiplier setting 1s Relay current setting 6A Characteristic angle 0 Polarization voltage 9 kV IscK1 K1 Sensi IscK11 K11Sen Vector 0A 13 656 2276 6 10 Configuring fuse protection ek vex Cancel Figure 6 11 Directional ground fault protection configuration When fuse protection is selected from the list Figure 6 7 and added to Breaker unit user can select different fuses from EA PSM fuse library shown in Figure 6 12 New fuses are added with every new EA PSM release Fuse configuration windows is shown in Figure 6 13 Fuse Selection ABB Ass bk BWMW 7 2 usnm nter Teknik M V 10 A 16 A 20 A 25A 31 5 Cancel Figure 6 12 Fuse selection library 32 General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Remove Export BWMW 7 2 56A Title o ABB PEWMW 7 2 56A 40 50 6070 90 200 300 400500 700 900 ABB BWMW 7 2 56A IN Cancel Figure 6 13 Fuse configuration window To select a fuse user has to click on Select fuse button Then a fuse selection window shown in Figure 6 11 will pop up There user should expand one of the manufacturers ABB Siemens Inter Teknik then expand fuse models and select appropriate fuse current and press Fuse will be added and its curve will be shown on the right in configuration window User can modify fuse title to better dist
28. inguish it from other fuses 6 11 Configuring circuit breaker protection When circuit breaker protection 1s selected from the list Figure 6 7 and added to Breaker unit user can select different circuit breakers from EA PSM circuit breaker library shown in Figure 6 14 New circuit breakers are added with every new EA PSM release To select a circuit breaker user has to click on Select Breaker button Then a circuit breaker model selection window shown in Figure 6 14 will pop up There user should expand one of the manufacturers ABB Siemens Schneider then expand one of breaker models and select appropriate tripping unit and press Circuit breaker will be added and its curve will be shown on the right in configuration window shown in Figure 6 15 33 Breaker Model Selection User Defined SIEMENS Siemens b Sentron 3WL neider Schneider b MasterPakt NT NW P Compact NSX bk EasyPact MVS Y ABB ABB k Tmax Figure 6 14 Circuit breaker model selection library General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection F Add Protection hd Remove wil Export Select Breaker ABB Tmax PR222DS P ABB PR222DS P 150A JD 50 60 708090 300 400 OLN Motor start ABB PR222DS P OK Apply Cancel Figure 6 15 Circuit breaker configuration window In configuration window Figure 6 15 user can modify circuit breaker title define nominal circuit breake
29. ion window user can modify mini circuit breaker title its nominal current IN ultimate current Iu it should be larger than maximum short circuit current and tripping characteristic B C D K or Z Like in circuit breaker there are markers in the chart to ease nominal current selection see 6 11 paragraph 6 14 Configuring custom curve protection When custom curve protection is selected from the list Figure 6 7 and added to Breaker unit user can configure its parameters Custom curve is used when none of the protection fits user needs or user has to add a dynamic protection curve or user only has a protection curve on paper Custom curve can be defined two ways by defining a curve formula or by defining few points on the curve To define a curve by formula user has to enter a correct formula containing variable in it Figure 6 17 User has to fully define the formula with all parentheses and correct mathematical operators In Figure 6 17 normal inverse time formula is defined with 600 A and Is settings User 36 also must define a starting value from which the curve starts and end value at which the curve ends or leave it at zero and let the curve extend to short circuit current General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection d Add Protection Remove wi Export Custom Curve Title Custom Curve w Defined by formula 0 14 1 1 600 0 02 1 o Formula start value Formula
30. nd inverters This function is useful when these system elements are not working under full loading conditions and one needs to asses these conditions in the calculations Loading can be changed in parameter window of these elements or in the load flow summary table 14 in Figure 3 1 14 4 8 Defining parameters of the Load To fully define load user should enter its real and reactive power or enter real power and power factor in a load properties window Figure 4 8 Load 1 Properties General Bus Bus 6 Title Load 1 Real power P 10 MW Reactive power Q 5 123 MVar Power factor cosq 0 89 Loaded 100 Figure 4 8 Load properties window 15 4 9 Defining parameters of the Inverter Inverter is an electronic device designed to convert DC direct current to AC alternating current or for motor speed controllers While other applications are also possible these are the most common ones in nowadays power systems Inverter 1 Properties General Configure Harmonic Cancel Figure 4 9 Harmonic spectrum of power inverter To fully define inverter parameters user should enter its real and reactive power or real power and power factor as for regular load However power inverters are usually the main reason for harmonic distortion in power systems therefore in Configure tab of inverter properties dialog depicted in Figure 4 9 user can manually define
31. nected curve User defined Recommended Time multiplier setting Relay current setting Characteristic angle Sector Angle 34 6 34 0 Polarization voltage 10 kV SC bus IscK3 K3Se IscK2 K2Se IscK1 K1Se IscK11 11 5 Vectoi 1 4491 8 983 3 89 7 779 0 044A 3 89kA 7 779 Ve 4 444 1 EER 359 5 399 3 Ve 2 1 23 2459 1 065 2 13 1 027 2 054 1 087 2 175 Ve 3 28 11 Bu Bu 008 Ve v K Refresh Cancel Figure 6 10 Directional overcurrent protection configuration 6 6 Configuring undervoltage protection When undervoltage protection is selected from the list Figure 6 11 and added to Breaker unit user can configure its parameters Like in overcurrent protection there are three different stages of undervoltage protection U lt U lt lt and U lt lt lt Configuration of undervoltage protection is shown in Figure 6 11 Phase selection type defines the protection selection type There are three types to choose from Phase to Ground Phase to Phase Positive sequence Time setting defines protection tripping time Voltage setting defines minimum element voltage at which protection will trip Minimal current defines minimum current at which protection can operate Table shown in Figure 6 11 depicts protection sensitivity values of each short circuit type based on voltage setting If sensitivity value is between 1
32. ny of the calculation results user should open Summary window as was described in paragraph 5 and press Brot button He then will be asked to choose what data he wants to export and formatting type export as numbers or as text Diagrams shown in Figure 5 4 and Figure 6 5 can be exported as a picture in png format or user can copy data as a text By pressing right mouse button user will see a context menu with Save Picture save png format picture in selected location and Copy Data copy diagram data as text option 9 2 One line diagram exporting EA PSM 2 5 allows to export a one line diagram as picture in png format or as drawing in dxf format that can be later modified with CAD programs To export one line diagram user should choose File Export Drawing dxf file or Picture png file He then will be asked to define location of exported file in his her computer 45 File Edit View Insert Modelling Calculate Optimize Tools 5 ala Add Bus Add Element A S Cakuite MEE 5 IZ Summary Summary ial Summary Summary Grid Elements QD d B Bl Il Variklis_1 100 kw 61 974 kVar Variklis_2 M 100 kW 69 8 kVar Variklis 3 M 315 kW 152 561 kVar Daterija 1 Ti Apkrova_2 300 kW 200 kVar Apkrova 1 500 kW 150 kVar Inverteris 1 100 k 300 kVar 1 Top 2D Wireframe 4
33. r current define overload protection values IR value and tR time value short circuit protection values Isd value and tsd time value instantaneous short circuit protection value Ii value and ground fault protection value Ig current value tg time value Protection number and number of 34 properties depend on manufacturer and circuit breaker tripping unit Every property value arrays are taken from official public manufacturer documentation On the right in configuration window user can instantly preview curve changes To make configuration more easily there are several markers in the chart I N in red this 1s the nominal current of element or current from power flows I Motor start in green current flowing through element during motor starting I max in yellow current calculated based on I N and coefficients Ka reserve coefficient transitional process coefficient Kg protection return coefficient Coefficients are configure in main configuration window I max value is calculated based on 1 1 Ka Kp Kg I max IN 6 12 Configuring user defined circuit breaker protection In circuit breaker model selection use can select User Defined option Figure 6 14 This option is added if user did not find required circuit breaker in EA PSM library User can easily define his own circuit breaker characteristic User defined circuit breaker configuration window 1s shown in Figure 6 15 General
34. resh Cancel Figure 6 3 Breaker properties General tab 24 General Short Circuit Chart Protection System max K3 Kl Kid Export Ui ug UA UB uc H I IB IC Vercto 96 315 94211 OV 19052 95 345 95215 25 668 25 669 A 44459 44459 95 269 95 269 OV 19053 95 269 95 269 25955A 25 957 A 44 958 44 957 162 14 33 084 19052 133 26 15761 77992 7 993 1351kA 1 351kA 187 74 23 594kV OV 19052 18437 18837 84737 A 84737 146 76 146 76 188 77 1 754kV OV 19052 187 76 18805 41373 431373 A 71 661 A 71 661 4 188 71 2168kV OV 190 52 186 77 188 86 51096 51 097 A 88 502 88 502 A Apply Cancel Figure 6 4 Breaker properties Short Circuit tab In a Short Circuit tab shown in Figure 6 4 filtered short circuit results can be seen Only short circuits which flow through selected breakers element are shown in the table Pressing Vectors button in this table will open short circuit phasors diagram shown in Figure 6 5 Reese e m U sequence v 6 U phase lsequence v Iphase Figure 6 5 Short circuit current and voltage phasors at busbar 25 Also selectivity and ground protection charts are plotted automatically Figure 6 6 Select short circuit bus Enable value Add more breakers to Export chart tracker the chart as image W 3 3 a E V VMS tarpin Marv l out gt DT V O VMS tarpin
35. riate motor and pressing the right mouse key on it A small list will shows up with inscription Set Starting User need to push on this inscription and now motor will be assessed in the motor start up calculation Another way to do this is to choose Calculate 12 in Figure 3 1 Motor Start Motor Selection and select those motors that should be assessed in the calculation After motors are selected user should press Calculate Motor Start Motor start simple or push F7 button on keyboard to perform the motor start up analysis Results will instantly show up on a one line diagram or can be observed in Motor Start Up Summary table Figure 5 5 which is activated by pressing 09 Summary button 14 in Fig 3 1 Buses Motor Selection x Export Title _1 _2 T1 wind T1 wind Connec Resista Reacta Capacit p AU AU Sij Sji AS 9 39 Q 1 89 Q 37 202 nF 64 922 6001kV 60 008 6 264 5 039 3 759 939mQ 1 89 37 202 pF 72 164 4923V 0049 4134 4 135 2 53 kVA 1 6 Q 36660 1pF 269 181 77 183 932 471 9 325 3 75 3 473 M 434 751 2 56 5 866 1 pF 673kA 47183 37 299V 9325 3473 3 229 434 751 Figure 5 5 Results of motor start up analysis 22 6 PROTECTION COORDINATION EA PSM has a fast and easy to use protection modelling and coordination module When grid is f
36. s 4 steps to complete installation EA PSM can be launched only using dongle as shown in Figure 1 1 Purchaser gets a dongle key at the moment he is buying the software or by post Figure 2 1 Dongle for EA PSM 3 BASICS OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 3 1 Main program window The main workspace window shown in Error Reference source not found contains the ost important functions to quickly model the grid and apply wanted study scenario or calculation AGI be p 2 GD 12 13 14 insert Modelling Calculate Optihize Tools Help s e e a Add Bus 4 Add Element BB Calculate gt pon p dil 5 i Summary Summar y Summary Summar y MrS 400 V Motor 1 100 61 974 kVar Motor 2 10 kV B M 50 8 kVar T Bus 2 Bus 3 1 Ti T ous H 150 Kar m Inverter 1 mede soe 20 bus or Bus 2 1 kVar Figure 3 1 Main EA PSM window Menu bar The main tool bar Contains a list of buttons for creating grid and calculating different cases System elements bar for fast one line system diagram drawing creating bus bars and adding other system elements Graphic window for one line diagram Creates new graphic window Opens new window for the one line system drawing Opens saved file Save Save As and Save As Picture functions Zoom In Zoom Out and Zoom to Fit functions Cre
37. ter distinguish different stages User can choose to configure non directional or directional overcurrent protection 6 4 Configuring non direction overcurrent protection By default added overcurrent protections are non directional show in Figure 6 8 General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Add Protection gt Remove Export gt Characteristic Definite time Direction Mone directional Connected curve User defined Recommended Relay time setting Relay current setting SC bus 15 K3Sensi IscK2 K25ensi XlscK1 KiSensi lscK11 K115en 444 1134 MEMES 5 08 399 327 A 4 491 kA 8 983 3 89 kA T T79 0 044 A 3 89 kA T T79 23 2 459 1 065 kA 2 13 25 112 A 24 346 4 Cancel Figure 6 8 Non directional overcurrent protection configuration 27 Selecting Characteristic drop down menu user can select one of IEC standard tripping curves definite time normal inverse time very inverse time extremely inverse time and long time inverse time Direction drop down menu defines direction of overcurrent protection It can be non directional directional forward and directional reverse Check box Connected curve enables option to connect different overcurrent protection stages into one curve shown in Figure 6 9 5 000 3 000 1 000 600 O IN System 1 in I gt VI O System 1 inl gt gt DT System 1 inl gt gt gt
38. tion r rr rrssssrssssssa 31 6 10 Config rtng a ou ES eus a cub pol usd Qo Rea sk E a unde 32 6 11 Configuring circuit breaker protection 33 6 12 Configuring user defined circuit breaker ProtectiON ccccccssecccssecceeeecceeeecescseeeeceeeeceeeeseeeneeees 35 6 13 Configuring mini circuit breaker protection rr 36 6 14 Configuring custom CURVE ynrin vr u L R eA eS iati as 36 DISTANCE PROTECTION u u ccc MAE EE N 38 7 1 Distance protection configuration window 40 7 2 Distance protection coordination Chalet L u usa au esed oe et 41 7 3 Line zero sequences 43 8 MODELING WIRES CABLES AND TOWERS cccccccsssssssseccccccsseeesseeccccesseeassseecccessseuauseeeeseeessauausseeeseess 43 PORTIN u k Tr 45 9 Calculation resus ExDOr INE emo Sete pach uu bbc e evite cale 45 9 OWE diagram expor uu y un n D iust Quan 45 10 HELP ERR 46 10 1 aie has EE 46 10 2 a wm a 46 1 INTRODUCTION EA PSM 2 5 is the latest release of our advanced system modeling software In this version of EA PSM users will fin
39. ully modelled and different grid modes are analyzed it is possible to model and coordinate grid relay protection Users can add different kinds of protections Overcurrent protection Undervoltage protection Ground fault protection Fuse Circuit breaker Mini circuit breaker User defined curve 6 1 Adding breaker unit to elements To add these elements double click on the system element to which protection need to be added Table shown in Figure 6 1 will pop out and in and or out can be selected T Bus 0 Bus 1 Properties General Configure Connection type Title T Bus 0 Bus 1 o Reactance X 3 969 0 Current tap Figure 6 1 Adding protection for created element window By selecting in and out user adds Breaker element at the beginning and at the end of the line an example is shown in Figure 6 2 23 Figure 6 2 Protection added for transformer 6 2 Breaker unit properties window overview By double clicking on each Breaker element its properties window will open shown in Figure 6 3 In General tab Figure 6 3 user can edit breaker title and add current transformer to it General Short Circuit Chart Protection Distance Protection Title Bus 0 Bus 1 out v Current Transformer CT type Coefficient Wire loop length Wire cross section mm PN 30 VA Internal resistance 60 IDE load 100 Wire material Copper Recommended ALF Ref
40. up Hint 6 Solid line in chart represent configured distance protection zones Dashed colored lines represent distance protection tolerance Dashed gray lines represent impedance from breaker unit bus to the marked bus Hint 7 Basic chart controls Auto range chart by double clicking Zoom in and out with mouse wheel Press and drag left mouse button to zoom to rectangle Press and drag mouse wheel button to pan chart Equalize axis scale by clicking on another axis ex equalize y axis by clicking on X axis 7 3 Line zero sequences parameters Each line positive sequence resistance reactance are shown in Summary table Title E R angle Resistance Reactance Capacitance C D 65 4 195 4 488 Q 22 499 Q 466 451 nF Buses B C 0 57 3 547 8 510 38 208 Q 763 362 nF m a lt T winding 0 1 102 Q 44 07 C 1 pF Export T windingz 0 6 75 m 269 916 m 1 pF Relation of return path resistance and line resistance Rg Rr also relation of return path reactance and line reactance Xg Xi are described for each line Coefficient for each line is calculated The magnitude and angle is depicted for each line Coefficient Ko and relations Rg Rr X X_ are set to for transformers 8 MODELING WIRES CABLES AND TOWERS In EA PSM 2 5 user can create templates for cables and overhead lines that he she usually use in electric schemes although it is not necessary as we offer a broad d
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