Home

eps - project title

Contents

1. Voltage lt Vref Yes No Send Rescuse Signal be Is Hercule Turned OFF Yes Y While Hercule Off Fig 89 Software flow chart continuation 147 Turn off Hercules Save power for WD Compute While Hercule Off Temperature SPI Humidity levels using CC Report Temperature Humidity to Hercules via RS232 Humidity gt Href and Temperature gt Tref Set FLAG 1 Yes Yes i Compute level using ADC if Acclerometer is analgic using I2C or SPI if is digital While Hercule Off lt No Pe set FLAG 2 Vv Compute Voltage level provided by power source using ADC Voltage lt Vref Yes Set FLAG 3 Yes No FLAG1 FLAG2 FLAG3 Yes y Turn on Hercules To While infinite loop v Fig 90 Software flow chart continuation 148 Appendix 13 Detail port description of the full hardware buoy system FEL Wire ID Title of vias Description Pin Information Power supply of the RF module from the watchdog due the special voltage 1 6V for the radio amplifier power Supply pae k requisites for the RF amplifier and the 2 5V for the radio transmitter RF transmitter m Current sensing of the ma
2. LS Fig 38 Max animation 2 47 The first step in the simulation was to import the buoy from solid works Next a plane was created and positioned in order to simulate the water around the AAB Next the materials were assigned using the materials tool These were chosen appropriately in order to make the simulation appear more realistic Je Riet LATINAS A Object Typed F MUN Core GecSphese Tube Pramid Des Selected Ee BA Bels Kop Fiers mm 73 EL Sat AC Fig 39 Max animation 3 leal Brome MaxScript Help Tentacles Medum Min 1 4 Max4 Bl ner GR Final Gather Precision Ce CR Td 1000 L Gees Gg J e CL E Gi p Kee m o SE CGR ss SH a Sa Hm ZE Fig 40 Max animation 4 Fig 41 Final animation 3 7 Evaluation EZ Bitar EEE The next step was to create the movement of the buoy within the scene This was done using the key frame tool amp physically moving the orientation of the buoy Finally lights were added and the scene was rendered An Avi file was the chosen output as this can be played on most devices operating systems To the right the first shot of the animation can be seen This task has been successful In the beginning the CAD simulation task did not progress as quickly as hoped At the midterm stage the task was two weeks behind schedule No simulations had been carried out due to difficulties faced in sour
3. 5 2 Hercules power control RFEer FEF module 3 Pe PAT Battery control Fig 44 PIC Microcontroller with the corresponding ports These external capacitors are C1 C2 C3 and C4 All four are 1uF electrolytic capacitors and this value is the recommended by the MAXIM Company in their specification sheets of such devices Fig 44 shows two ports these are called C2 t1in and C2 rlout and are virtually connected to pins 25 and 26 of the PIC microcontroller Virtually connected means that in the schematic they are not linked by a line to avoid what is commonly known as a spaghetti schematic We assume that the PIC microcontroller and the MAX 232 integrated circuit are connected by those virtual ports In Fig 45 we can also see PA3 the prefix PA means Pin Array and the 3 is just to identify that it is inside the schematic For the MAX232 encapsulation we ve chosen PDIP This is just to avoid soldering complications and to ensure that too much time is not wasted soldering The MAX 232 is power supplied by 5V The capacitor C20 is a decoupling capacitor CH Cl lu lu p ICH tlin 1 e 7 E i A J 7 ICl zlout Esrial Port q MA 2524 CPE c3 Fig 45 MAX 232 with the required external components 55 4 4 2 2 Temperature and humidity sensor To sense the temperature and humidity an embedded device has been chosen This contains both features in the same physical device This device is the SHT73 it is r
4. Escola Politecnica Superior gt d Enginyeria de Vilanova i la Geltr UNIVERSITAT POLIT CNICA DE CATALUNYA EPS PROJECT TITLE The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy STUDENTS Andrea Johnson Felix Hill lon Hustiuc Maciej Ditrych amp Samantha van den Berg SUPERVISORS Michel Andr Joan Vicent Castell amp Mike van der Schaar DATE 09 06 2010 TITLE The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy FAMILY NAME Ditrych FIRST NAME Maciej HOME UNIVERSITY Technical University of Lodz SPECIALITY Biotechnology FAMILY NAME Hill FIRST NAME Felix HOME UNIVERSITY Technical University of Catalonia EPSEVG SPECIALITY Industrial technical engineer electronics FAMILY NAME Hustiuc FIRST NAME lon HOME UNIVERSITY Gh Asachi Technical University of lasi SPECIALITY Environmental monitoring systems FAMILY NAME Johnson FIRST NAME Andrea HOME UNIVERSITY Nottingham Trent University SPECIALITY Computer Aided Product Design FAMILY NAME van den Berg FIRST NAME Samantha HOME UNIVERSITY The Hague University SPECIALITY Marketing Commercial Abstract The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy AAB has been designed and manufactured by Laboratori d Aplicacions Bioacustiques LAB with the assistance of Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC over the past two years This is due to the need to measure and control the correlation between human activity and presence of marine mammals in the marine environment The buoy is used for
5. for temperature the controller has to wait for the measurement to complete This takes a maximum of 320 ms for a 14bit measurement The time varies with the speed of the internal oscillator and can be lower by up to 30 To signal the completion of a measurement the SHT73 pulls data line low and enters Idle Mode The controller must wait for this Data Ready signal before restarting SCK to readout the data Measurement data is stored until readout therefore the controller can continue with other tasks and readout at its convenience Two bytes of measurement data and one byte of CRC checksum optional will then be transmitted The microcontroller must acknowledge each byte by pulling the DATA line low All values are MSB first right justified e g the 5th SCK is MSB for a 12bit value for a 8bit result the first byte is not used Communication terminates after the acknowledge bit of the CRC data The device automatically returns to Sleep Mode after measurement and communication are completed Appendix 9 The temperature sensor is very linear by design The following formula is used to convert digital readout SOT to temperature value with coefficients given in Appendix 10 68 T di dj X SO 4 4 11 4 Humidity compensation For compensating non linearity of the humidity sensor and for obtaining the full accuracy of the sensor it is recommended to convert the humidity readout SORH with the following formula with coefficients g
6. Pcrc2 Peret PCFGO Table 39 ADCON2 A D CONTROL REGISTER 2 ADEM acar2 Acari Acaro ADCS2 ADCS1 ADCSO_ Bit7 Bit O 141 Legend R Readable bit W Writable bit U Unimplemented bt read as 0 n Value at POR 1 Bit is set 0 Bit is cleared x Bit is unknown Appendix 9 List of commands and status register description of the SHT73 Table 40 SHT73 list of commands Comand Code Reserved Measure Temperature Measure Relative Humidity Read Status Register Write Status Register Reserved Soft reset reset the interface clears the status register to ine ar 11110 default values Wait minimum 11ms before next command Table 41 SHT73 Status register bits Default No default value bit is only updated after a measurement End of battery low voltage detection 0 for VDD gt 2 47V 1 for VDD lt 2 47V Reserved Reserved For testing onlu do not use NN Heater No reload from OTP 1 8bitRH 12bit Temp Resolution 0 12bit RH 14bit Temp resolution 12 bit RH 14 bit Temp 142 Appendix 10 Conversion coefficients used in humidity and temperature computation formulas Table 42 Temperature conversion coefficents EL zt oo 997 avo 396 393 Table 43 Optimized humidity conversion coefficients C3 Table 44 Temperature compensation coefficients tz 0 00008 0 00128 Appendix 11 Accelerometer control registers and tim
7. in various ways for example offshore energy requirements are normally provided by the combustion of natural gas which results in emissions to the atmosphere Another example is the water produced with oil and gas which is discharged to sea after cleaning Because of the damaged offshore oil and gas production can cause feels the company committed to protect the environment and places high priority on environmental considerations Through constant care careful use of resources optimization of operations and handling of waste streams minimize the environmental impact of activities Beside that the company strives for continental improvement in the environmental performance and pollution prevention across all the activities This involves openness environmental awareness and the application of environmentally friendly technologies 5 5 SWOT analysis To indicate the relevance of the strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats is worked with marks The higher the mark the more important the strength weakness opportunity or threat is 1 Less than average 2 Average 3 More than average levance Section JJ D QU 5 5 1 Strengths e S1 Clear objectives and a clear mission e S2 Protecting the marine environment 3 3 1 5 5 2 Weaknesses e W1 Not yet a price definition for the AAB 5 3 5 e WI A lack of financial sources e W3 Factory also produces for other companies e W4 Product needs still some imp
8. uiydjop padis ulydjop u1o01 u8noy 9 eym 3o id pauuij Moys uiydjop UOWWOD pe jeeq 8uo uiudjop p pods e idoJ1ueq 9 euM Ja 9s e3 uiydjop UOWWOD payeag Mouys uiydjop sou jyog Fig 83 Whistle start point values with their SD values considered for Pacific region section 121 25 00 20 00 15 00 10 00 5 00 0 00 Bottlenose dolphin 12 70 9 00 Short beaked common dolphin End point 20 50 18 60 0 0 11 40 0 16 J 7 50 7 30 5 80 5 50 AQ 4 30 1 20 Ou E E KE E E E T d c c lt res E 2 2 2 2 2 O O O O O a Ke ze Ke Ke Ke E b 5 5 E 5 T 2 Q o O m c u o o SC U O c lt v o o Be O C OD LL 5 D AL O o E O ecc O o e gt y u 2 o a Ee O Fig 84 Whistle end point values with their SD values considered for Pacific region section 122 Pacific Fraser s dolphin Irrwaddy dolphin 6 20 4 10 2 00 Irrwaddy dolphin 4 30 3 00 1 70 13 30 Minimum frequency 14 00 Q en st 3 10 1 70 1 30 0 00 uiudjop AppeMuJl uiudjop ppemaal uiydjop s 19seJ4J Hed uiydjop Jauuids uiydjop pads utudjop u1001 u3noy 9 eym 3o id pauuij Hoys uiudjop UOWWOD pe jeeq 8uo uiudjop pa110ds Je idoa1ueq 9 euM Ja 9sje uiydjop uowwos payeag Hoys uiydjop esoue nog Fig 85 Whistle minimum frequency values with their SD values considered for Pacific region section 123 Maximum frequency 25 00 20 00 15 00
9. www seawatc hfoundation org uk d ocs Griffiths2009 SB CDwhistle 20repert oire pdf Author Alexandre Gannler Sandra Fuchs Odlle Gannler Julle N Oswald Alexandre Gannler Sandra Fuchs Odlle Gannler Julle N Oswald Alexandre Gannler Sandra Fuchs Odlle Gannler Julle N Oswald Alexandre Gannler Sandra Fuchs Odlle Gannler Julle N Oswald Lammers MO Au WWL and Herzing DL Emily T Griffiths Title Pelagic Delphinids of the Mediterranean sea have different whistles Pelagic Delphinids of the Mediterranean sea have different whistles Pelagic Delphinids of the Mediterranean sea have different whistles Pelagic Delphinids of the Mediterranean sea have different whistles The broadband social acoustic signaling behavior of spinner and spotted dolphins The repertoire analysis of the short beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis from the Celtic Deep and the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Table 5 Reference table to the Atlantic region section Reference link http swfsc noaa go v uploadedFiles Divis ions PRD Programs Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf http swfsc noaa go v uploadedFiles Divis ions PRD Programs Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf http swfsc noaa go v uploadedFiles Divis ions PRD Programs Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf http swfsc noaa go v uploadedFiles Divis ions PRD Programs Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf Author Julie N Oswald Jay Barlow Thoma
10. 7 00 6 50 00 14 9 70 6 80 7 50 4 40 10 10 6 60 6 20 13 70 12 4 9 7 40 5 20 9 80 5 90 ZH A uenboJJ 3 90 3 00 1 30 uiydjop ppemaul uiydjop ppemul uiydjop s J9seJ44 21JI2ed ulydjop Jauuids uiydjop pedias uiydjop y1001 y3noy 9 eym 3oJ id peuuj 140us uiqudjop UOWWOI payesq 3u07 uiydjop pa31ods jedidosjued 9 euM Ja osje uiydjop uow WOI paNLaq 110ys uiydjop esous 1og Fig 7 Whistle start point values with their SD values considered of Pacific region section 1 08 c 9 dud 0 Sun ell O s out uiydjop payeaq 110ys uiydjop payods 911ue 1y uidjop uouJjuJ0j uiydjop pads uiydjop s ossig uiydjop sou jyog Fig 8 Whistle duration values with their SD values considered of Atlantic region section 19 2 2 3 Geographic location research Another useful tool for further analysis was the geographic location table this contains information about the abundance of a given specie This research is important as the LAB s patterns of dolphin whistles are recorded in a variety of oceans and seas It is also reasonable to compare those locations with the areas from which come whistles that were taken into consideration in the previously presented tables Because dolphins of the same species living in two distinct places are producing whistles of different parameters such comparison was prepared in appendix 2 An example of this is p
11. Fig 58 Time evolution of the software program Normally every 18 seconds the watchdog has to receive a signal from the Hercules this is the live signal if this does not happen an interrupt occurs and resets the main computer 4 8 Software Structure The software was developed using MPLAB environment and MCC18 C compiler provided by the Microchip Company see Fig 59 The software structure is constituted of eleven files eight source files and three header files see Fig 60 Each source file contains functions related to identifying initializing and controlling the microcontroller s peripheral devices For instance SOS EPS c file contains a routine which generates an SOS signal in Morse alphabet This message is taken by the radio module which broadcasts it Links between source files are made with header files calling them In this way every source file knows about the existence of other source files 65 ax ADC MPLAB IDE v8 43 File Edit View Project Debugger Programmer Tools Configure Window Help Z3 Files 2 Symbols T FA AintHendler c include lt p18f 4525 h gt include lt usart h gt include lt delays h gt include lt stdio h gt include portb h include ADC h include timers h fpragma code HICH_INTERRUPT_VECTOR 0x08 ge void high_ISR void 1 _asm goto change _endasm INTCONbits GIE 1 INTCON2bits INTEDGO 1 OpenRBOINT PORTB CHANGE INT
12. Ocean In contrast the Atlantic region section contains information about dolphins living in the Atlantic together with the Mediterranean Sea In addition to this research into potential software for the analysis of dolphin whistles was carried out however no appropriate program was found As a result whistles were further analysed in Matlab software and on this software and its functions was performed 2 2 1 Dolphins taken into consideration There are not many sources containing information about dolphin whistles However the Bottlenose dolphin and Common dolphin especially Short beaked common dolphin were the species for which it was the easiest to find information Due to the difficulties faced in obtaining information only 13 species from a total of 37 were taken into consideration for further research Table 1 Dolphins included in the research Delphinus tropicalis Arabian Common Dolphin 8 Feresa attenuata Pygmy Killer Whale Globicephala melas Long finned Pilot Whale Lagenorhynchus acutus Atlantic White sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris White beaked Dolphin Lagenorhynchus Australis Peale s Dolphin 16 Lagenorhynchus cruciger Hourglass Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Pacific White sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Dusky Dolphin Lissodelphis borealis Northern Right Whale Dolphin Lissodelphis peronii Southern Right Whale Dolphin Orcaella heinsohni Australian Snubfin Dolphin eer Wl Peponocephala Elektra Me
13. PIC18F4525 microcontroller In this way we are using 2 out of a possible 13 A D channels one for current sensing and one for voltage sensing In effect we are 69 monitoring two voltages because the data is easy to process When voltage and current are known it is simply a matter of using mathematical formula in order to find out power consumption P UXI 8 4 12 1 Analogical to Digital Conversion There are 13 Analogical to Digital A D converter modules within the PIC18F4525 device This module allows the conversion of an analogical input signal to a corresponding 10 bit digital number The module is controlled by the following registers e A D Result High Register ADRESH e A D Result Low Register ADRESL e A D Control Register O ADCONO e A D Control Register 1 ADCON1 e A D Control Register 2 ADCON2 By programming in the right way these registers user can choose as many analogical inputs as he needs which are working one at the time using an internal multiplexor Appendix 8 For software development we faced a small issue in terms of acquisition time The minimum acquisition time is 2 4 us and consists of TACQ Amplifier Settling Time Holding Capacitor Charging Time Temperature Coefficient TACQ TAMP TC TCOFF TACQ 0 2 us 1 us 1 2us 2 4 us A simple applied formula gives us current and voltage UinX5V U XH 9 lin X5000mA Where Uj and li are inputs of voltage and current respectively and U
14. PIN file EQ 3 Initial conditions are read from INI file but MODEX eq 2 over rides ICON Element Part Data Element part number Nonlinear 1 3 D Shell Element Definition Type 26 Number of elements NPAR 2 2717 Analysis Type NPAR 3 2 eq 1 Linear or Material Nonlinearity Only eq 2 Total Lagrangian Formulation eq 3 Updated Lagrangian Formulation Max number of nodes for aelement NPAR 7 4 135 MKE EY AN AUTODESK EA TAL eT r Nona Hd TEM OW SNS ASSO OLN Wr Ad 03900 odd Integration Order for Element Stiffness Matrice ROMEO Ns ia 2 Kelte e ras dad 2 o Ao 644454324 24454644045 2 Number of Stress Output Tables NPAR 13 0 eq 0 Output at Integration Points Number of Thickness Tables NPAR 14 1 Material Model NPAR 15 1 eq 1 Linear Elastic Isotropic eq 2 Linear Elastic Orthotropic eq 3 Elasto Plastic with Isotropic Hardening eq 4 Elasto Plastic with Kinematic Hardening eq 5 Elasto plastic with Multlinear IsotropicHardening eq 6 Elasto plastic with Multilinear KinematicHardening eq 8 Mooney Rivlin eq 9 Ogden eq 105 Viscoelastic Mooney Rivlin eq 106 Viscoelastic Ogden Number of Different Sets of Material NPAR 16 1 Number of Material Constants per Set NPAR 17 0 Nodal Rotation Coordinate Guidance Vector Number Direction Cosines 1 1 0000 0 0000 0 0000 2 0 0000 1 0000 0 0000 Material Proper
15. accurate representation of the buoys behaviour The Marketing section has produced a detailed Marketing plan despite having to overcome difficulties in sourcing detailed information However due to a lack of financial resources and cooperation of interested parties it has not been possible to write an entire marketing campaign If the LAB wish to be able to put the Buoy on the market in future they first need to sail the buoy and present to companies This will enable them to achieve financial backing and therefore a presentation has been designed Once financial backing has been achieved the remainder of the marketing campaign can be designed Although further improvements have been outlined in this report these are minimal Both the technical and analysis capabilities of the buoy have been significantly improved in addition to providing the LAB with guidance on how to enter the market Overall the team is satisfied with the work undertaken and progress made In addition the team have gone some way in helping the AAB to becoming the key to a sustainable solution for the protection of cetaceans against human activities in the marine environment 99 7 References Books and publications Electronics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Biouacoustics 11 12 13 14 15 16 Herbert Schildt C The Complete Reference by The McGraw Hill Companies Copyright 2000 DOI 10 1036 0 07 213295 7
16. recording sound patterns in the underwater environment specifically referring to the physiological and neurophysiologic processes by which sounds are produced received and processed 42 Furthermore the AAB has an important role in monitoring and identifying the communication between marine mammals This paper presents the further advancements and improvements of the design and functionality of the AAB as well as a concise introduction into the buoy capabilities and a brief overview of the history purpose and organisation of the LAB With regards to the improvements made this article gives details of elaborate research undertaken into dolphin whistles analysis and a well structured marketing plan The mechanical and electrical features concerning the safe operating conditions of the buoy offshore are also presented within this report Key words Autonomous Acoustic data Buoy CAD dolphin whistles marketing microcontroller product introduction sensors simulations watchdog Content Bet eebe Le a PP o O and 9 2 Dolphir WNiste Ana SIS iii 11 o A dH 11 2 1 1 The way in which dolphins produce sounds scccccsseeccceesecccceseccceaesececausececseeceeeaees 12 2 12 Ree EE 13 Eet 14 VEEL Gj AE 15 2 1 5 Burst PUlse SOUNDS do 15 2 2 Dolphin whistle research 16 2 2 1 Dolphins taken into consideration AS aed i ed eii A s veu a eue 16 2 2 2 Whistle ee tee weeen denten det aua eu eed A irt uae sao vaa cb Donde rupe e 17 2 2 3
17. 10 00 5 00 Short Long Short Bottlenos beaked False killer beaked finned e dolphin common dolphin common pilot dolphin P dolphin whale Fig 86 Whistle maximum frequency values with their SD values considered for Pacific region section Rough Pacific S Striped pinner scope dolphin dolphin dolphin Irrwaddy Irrwaddy dolphin dolphin al spotted tooth dolphin 124 Appendix 3 Autodesk Algor Buoy data Table 19 Autodesk Algor Buoy data Volume mr umso wage asse LI mm N s mm Mass Product of Intertia N s mm Pon REA meso im Xc mm 250 52 Ixx N s mm 145750 N s mm eme sen PF ll ILL LL Yc mm 315 72 lyy N s mm 120290 N s mm SE i fof fT Zc mm 451 19 Izz N s mm 74677 N s mm BEEN ee NNNM Partinformation iet Part Volume o E N Xc ne Yc EM nm me Izz mE N s mm N s mm Counter weigh gt DA mage 98 eae 06 c KI ate 1 pun 2 aw 8 P aes ad EE EE gt 1541400 19 87 242 34 1443 4 6136 1 2035 8 ieee nd nl Sep Defaut vel zl zaal veces meo nes ones finalmast_Default gt 7163900 92 37 248 43 1606 3 32659 7145 9 26783 ee ad toes Defo ssl sae zel za zeil zl seta vol we boje2 Default gt 13549000 174 69 258 42 228 06 2285 1 2 50 7 3237 1 1049 42 92 oc erre soeexo asse cesi zsm soo ol sen rsss zer boje2 Default 89628000 1155 6 249 53 255 77 101280 105940 38211 7533 5 16727 125 Ap
18. 2 4 28625 64 49182 117 3408 As the table shows the screening stability value and therefore angle of vanishing stability is not effected by a change in weight 3 4 4 Buoyancy Assuming full submersion Force of Buoyancy Fg Vol x gw Fg 3 93700787401x2x1 5 x 64 Ibs ft Fs 755 9055 lbs 342 87 kg Weight of Buoy without component weight 341 62lbs 154 96 kg The Force of Buoyancy is greater than the Weight of the Buoy meaning the Buoy will float 38 3 5 Simulation using Algor Autodesk Algor simulation was chosen to perform the theoretical CAD simulations The Autodesk Algor Help Guide 2010 was used in order to become familiar with the software It was also used for reference throughought this simulation task 3 5 1 Importing the CAD model In order for simulations to be carried out the existing CAD Solidworks model must first be imported into Algor simulation software The online help guides were used to find instructions on how to do this The Algor simulation online help guide outlines three methods for importing Data 79 1 Copying the file across from other CAD software This requires CAD software that created the model to be open amp is advantageous as material properties allocated in previous software can also be transferred This is not an option for the import of the buoy as Solidworks is not available on the same workstation as Algor 2 Opening the file directly into Algor In order to do this the f
19. 2023 it is expected that the GDP of the E7 will have increased and would then be higher than the GDP of G7 by 30 In 2030 the global priority list of the most important global economies will consist of China USA India Brazil Russia Germany Mexico France and United Kingdom 44 5 4 1 1 Europe An article on the website www express be Eurozone Forecast by Ernst amp Young states that the European economy will be weak until 2012 By this point most of the larger member states would have overcome the recession however the prospects in the short term are problematic The GDP will increase by 1 in 2010 with a 1 6 84 increase in 2011 This is n contrast with unemployment rates which will reach a peak of 17 million unemployed people 10 3 of the labour force The worst part of the recession has already passed by although it is not over yet and we won t see a full recovery until at least 2012 The expectation is that the north of Europe Germany France and the Benelux will recover faster than the south of Europe Greece Portugal Spain Ireland and Italy The economy will only increase by 0 6 from 2010 to 2012 in comparison with 1 8 for the north of Europe A result of this there is a gap between the north and south of Europe 45 5 4 1 2 America Since 2009 the economy of America is growing This is a result of the increased export of 18 in 2009 At the fourth quarter of the year the American economy grew with a 5 9 base y
20. 2Bh y axis acceleration MSB Table 53 OUTZ_L 2Ch z axis acceleration LSB Table 54 OUTZ_H 2Dh z axis acceleration MSB 145 Appendix 12 Software block diagram lt Start E Timer has setup an An external interupt interupt occurs Setup uM I O EOI Enable Disable Global Interupt EE While ping Get back at the left point in a main Setup config Registers loop Clear variables registers Decrees a big Setup uM Timer to count until Index When the count is done the interupt ocure and the Ping is checked While 1 Send Radion Infinite loop No Ve bn Signal LAN comunication faild Compute Temperature Humidity levels using SPI i EOI Report Reset Hercules Temperature Humidity to Hercules via Get back at the RS232 left point in a main loop Fig 88 Software flowchart 146 No Humidity gt Href And Yes Temperature gt Tref Turn off Hercules Compute level using ADC if Acclerometer is analgic using 12C or SPI if is digital l No Level gt Lref Yes Turn off Hercules To while loop y Compute Voltage level provided by power source using ADC
21. A cti Once the existing dose 390 Mara Ue o 0 v EENS GTA LHR ASE model had been PA AA OOOK Hen e reses COs xl e o B imported into Algor the next step was to create a mesh structure This is what will be used to carry out simulations on the buoy The initial mesh structure was created by first knitting the assembly together and then using the mesh function The result is shown to the left Fig 20 Initial Mesh 3 5 3 Assigning materials The next step in the analysis is to assign the correct material types to each part of the buoy It is important that this is done correctly as different materials will behave in different ways when placed under simulation conditions The material used to manufacture the buoy is polyethylene 10mm thickness for the body and 6mm for the shell Auto Dv Meshi fem EN Autodesk Algor Simulatio of x lement Material Selection EN Create New Library Add Existing Library ER ASS BIR A 00 Select Library ustoi Defin Autodesk Algor Plastics Library e E Current Material Information Analysis Type a Autodesk Algor Plastics Library Benen gt e Customer Defined 17 09 04 05 2010 f al d Fig 21 Asigning materials 40 3 5 4 Unsteady fluid Flow Analysis The first Analysis to be run on the buoy is unsteady fluid flow This will monitor the behaviour of the buoy when
22. Geographic location research esses eene nnne nnne nns nnne nnns 20 2 2 4 Sources used in the research section 20 23 WINIsStle clas ege pL en 22 FAS MIN E a o OUTE RN RR EET IPTE 23 E SS dis 24 23 CLOS NCAA ida 27 A A 27 SCAD SIMON cta 30 SE UPS een 30 SIM ROSSA TRE E UU MET e bee 30 ST o UA A incid M EM ME LUN P Ed DU MINI EUM 30 RACONS CUENCO E 30 341 9 SIMUIOON a ene sitam Dame A Aen E aioe 30 beet 30 32 COSMO LIT OW E 33 32e LIMITATIONS Der HU I 33 3 2 2 SOUN TO Blanc hals AN 33 SEENEN 34 ed ORN AA A CE 34 3 4 Theoretical calculations cccsccscsscsccecscoecsccecscatcscatcecsccecsconcscaesecaeescateecutaecssescscaseecaees 35 34 1 SuDmelged VOLUME naren enekele been a 36 5 5 Slmdtetion USING AISOF deedeetee 39 30 3D SUNN GUI ONS eee eeen aede td ii deeman ned 47 SENO ME TU A 48 EE WOK eer 49 4 Electronic DESIEN etos diia 50 AY MAUVE TO CUI e En 50 AZ NY ALCO OS PUN CLIO EE 51 4 3 Connection between watchdog function its hardware and its software 51 T3 LPNYSICA CONGIIONS EE 51 23 Ee 52 4 3 3 Software e ee EE 52 4 4 1 Full hardware buoy system overview eese nnne nnne 53 4 4 2 Watchdog ere 54 4 4 2 1 Communication between watchdog and Hercules main board 54 4 4 2 2 Temperature and humidity sensor esee 56 4 4 2 3 Analogical temperature sensors ans versnvorersenersenen
23. Hercules board 3 The third level of warning is to be used when the buoy becomes damaged For example in the event it becomes capsized water penetrates inside or if the battery is nearly depleted It will send a rescue signal using a radio transmitter According to the levels of danger mentioned above the AAB project team EPS 2010 has developed a software program which will operate the microcontroller As a consequence all the decisions of which Watchdog will take are decided based on the software program 4 3 3 Software conditions The main program of the Hercules board will send periodically to the watchdog a signal to inform it that communications between the buoy and the main computer are working properly Therefore if the main program of the Hercules board hangs up or communications fails the watchdog will detect the absence of this periodical signal and will restart the Hercules board For this task is going to be used one of the PIC s timer to count a certain period and the external interrupt feature of the PIC microcontroller If in the established period the watchdog does not get the signal from the Hercules board and the timer overruns the watchdog will pull down a digital output that is connected to the reset button of the Hercules board In addition the Watchdog is going to monitor the power consumption and the level of the battery using the analogue to digital converter of the PIC microcontroller Based on the received
24. Hercules ceases to function correctly the signal will not be produced After this the watchdog will notice and will consequently execute a reset signal for the Hercules board using the module Hercules power control The input signal must be 5V voltage level PA lan Live sensing Fig 52 LAN activity module 59 4 4 2 8 Programming Port This module is used to program the memory of the code and configure bits of the PIC microcontroller The schematic is quite a simple structure It consists of only three data pins PA1 mclr vpp PA1 pgd and PAl pgc see Fig 53 which are linked to the PIC microcontroller Pic Fits E Fig 53 Programming port module 4 4 2 9 Hercules power control As we can see the PA9 is the port which manages the power state of the Hercules board This port is simply connected to the power pin of this board in such a way that it emulates the function of a person touching the power button If this pin is put up for four seconds for example the Hercules board will turn down This is done in order to avoid the buoy operating in bad weather conditions and will thus help to prevent some types of internal damage 4 4 2 10 Battery charger The battery charger module is simply a voltage source from which the current is limited by a resistor In addition it also contains a diode to avoid reverse voltage connections see Fig 5 Fig 54 Battery charger 4 4 3 Expansion Ports The Watchdog board has be
25. Tested using formulae requires accurate weight of components effect of mass on this Angle of vanishing Point at which the buoy Tested using formulae can tip and still right itself effect of mass weight distribution Buoyancy Buoyancy concerns the Tested using formulae Archimedes Principle in other words Will it Float The buoyancy force is the upward vertical force felt by a submerged or partially submerged body It is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the submerged portion of the body A body will sink until the buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the body 73 Aerodynamics This will affect tow speed Tested using CAD software Autodesk Algor Simulation Professional 2011 Structural stability Testing the buoy under stresses and strains Tested using CAD software Autodesk Algor Simulation Professional 2011 3 3 Further Research 3 3 1 Formulae As the buoy closely resembles a boat in shape the following formulae s usually used in boat design will be used in order to calculate the behavioural properties of the buoy Table 9 Formulas used in calculation process Waterline Exact size and mass must submerged volume total displacement first be calculated density of water density of water 62 5 Ib ft 3 fresh or 64 Ib ft 3 salt 73 Stability in terms of theoretical Capsize Screening Formula Beam 34 formulae requires accurate weight of compo
26. and are computed voltage and current which are used for power consumption computation 4 13 Behaviour detection of the buoy For monitoring the buoys behaviour offshore 3 axis digital acceleration sensors LIS3LVO2DL have been used Some of its features are listed below 2 16 V to 3 6 V single supply operation 1 8 V compatible I O I2C SPI digital output interfaces Programmable 12 or 16 bit data representation Interrupt activated by motion Programmable interrupt threshold Embedded self test High shock survivability 32 70 4 13 1 SPI communication port The SPI mode of PIC microcontroller allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously transmitted and received simultaneously All four SPI modes are supported To accomplish communication typically three pins are used e Serial Data Out SDO RC5 SDO e Serial Data In SDI RCA SDI SDA e Serial Clock SCK RC3 SCK SCL In addition the sensor requires a chip select channel which was set up using the RC2 pin 27 4 13 2 SPI bus interface The LIS3LVO2DL SPI is a bus slave The SPI allows us to write and read the registers of the device The serial interface interacts with the outside world with the 4 wires CS SPC SDI and SDO e U i cs d _f 5 PC WAVAVAVAVAV EN VAVAVAVA DNP A Ti IN AW DIT DIG DIS DM DE DP Dii DIO MS AD5 AD4 AD3 AD ADi ADO SDO X LA LA Kk DO7 DOG DOS DO4 DOS DO2 DO1 DOO Fig 62 Read and Wr
27. be positioned on top of the buoy and the electrical convertors will be placed in a separate box inside it 62 4 6 Communication between Watchdog and Hercules main board Communication between the watchdog and Hercules main board see Fig 57 will be made using well insulated wires Effectively the Hercules Il is an embedded CPU board in an EBX form factor that integrates the following subsystems onto a single compact board e CPU e Core PC Chipset e Video e Sound e Ethernet e Analogue and digital I O 21 As a result of the features contained within it the Hercules Il board is the core of the AAB It represents a computer with many inputs and outputs both digital and analogical that allow the Buoy to register marine noise and whistles This final feature of the Hercules board is the most important in the research process carried out by LAB As a result the designed watchdog has to communicate with the board in terms of monitoring the operating condition of the main computer In limiting the buoys exposure to detrimental environmental conditions the quality of acquired sound recordings can be improved SAREREA RETR ORR SES E e H A Kd Rm m mo om Tin o Fig 57 Hercules Il EBX In order to carry out the aforementioned task the watchdog has various peripheral devices such as different types of sensors However the most important function of the watchdog is to detect a live signal from the Hercules Board This si
28. cost operating base They have a strong leadership team and a global organization implementing a focused strategy that is positioning Hess Corporation for long term financial performance The values of the company are integrity performance social responsibility independent spirit and value creation 80 Maersk E Maersk group is a global company which operates in 130 countries and MAERSK has a workforce of 120 000 employees In addition to owning one of the world s largest shipping companies they are involved in a wide range of activities in the energy logistics retail and manufacturing industries The values form a guiding principle for behaviour decision making and interaction a set of fundamental shared beliefs Constant care take care of today actively prepare for tomorrow Humbleness listen learn share and give space to others Uprightness our word is our bond Our Employees the right environment for the right people Our Name the sum of our values passionately striving higherc 81 One of the business areas is oil Maersk Oil This branch of the company is specialized in offshore oil and gas production The values of Maerks Oil are the same as the other branches of the company although the objectives are not It is Maersk Oil s objective to identify control and minimize emissions discharges and wastes from exploration and production activities Offshore oil and gas production can affect the environment 91
29. data the watchdog has to decide which part of the buoy has to be shut down and also conserve the maximum amount of power that it can until the rescue team are able to change battery of the buoy In the event of irreversible damage to the buoy Level 3 a further watchdog feature has been added this is the radio transmitter module which has the task of sending a rescue signal to shore For this feature we will use two antennas One antenna is positioned on the top of the buoy and another is placed on the bottom The bottom antenna will be used in the event that the buoy becomes capsized Both the top and bottom antennas will broadcast signals when the buoy is exposed to any other improper operating conditions 52 4 4 Hardware design 4 4 1 Full hardware buoy system overview jr Own Battery Acces Point RF Help VIII Power supply Crena Power supply 8 V Enable Signal XII Ethernet XIII Programming Tp IX Reset on off Temperature Accelerometer amp X RS232 Hercules 8XX amp Voltage XI Live sensing Watch Dog Regulators Il Current sensin 9 XIV Aplified signal Ill Battery control 8 IV Power supply VII Power supply Amplifier porcum R Current sensing Battery control Main Battery VIII Power supply XV Hydrophone signal Hydrophone Fig 43 Full buoy diagram The full hardware system of the buoy consists of a main battery that supplies power
30. in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean 2003 Lammers MO Au WWL and Herzing DL The broadband social acoustic signaling behavior of spinner and spotted dolphins 2002 Julie N Oswald Jay Barlow Thomas F Norris Acoustic identification of nine delphinid species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean 2003 100 17 18 19 20 J N OSWALD S RANKIN AND J BARLOW First description of whistles of Pacific Fraser s dolphins Lagenodelphis Hosei 2007 Sofie M Van Parijs Guido J Parra and Peter J Corkeron Sounds produced by Australian Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella brevirostris 2000 Rachel Smolker and John W Pepper A Law of Word Meaning in Dolphin Whistle Types 1999 M Scheer B Hofmann and P Behr Vocalization of free ranging Short finned pilot whales of Tenerife signal repertoire and characteristics 2003 Datasheets and userguides Electronics 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Web pages Electronics 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 HB User Manual Diamond Systems Mount View CA 2006 Pic Kit3 Userguide MA78MO0O0 SERIES POSITIVE VOLTAGE REGULATORS SLVSO59K JUNE 1976 REVISED FEBRUARY 2003 DATASHEET Low Voltage 1 15 V to 5 5 V 4 Channel Bidirectional Logic Level Translator datasheet Datasheet SHT7x SHT73 SHT75 Humidity and Temperature Sensor Adapter board description UM0395 Datasheet MICROCHIP PIC18F2525 2620
31. it is on the water in the marine environment x B De AR Sachen Ren Muh Gemen puris Tools Window Elo Te x Og d n ex o Gate mee M08 AA aBaaDna Description of model We cc Boot OOW pig Daf GE The first stage in the Load Curves Gavty Accelention Tutulence Soktion Output Restar Advances 1 a a analysis was to set the test conditions analysis parameters a screenshot of this can be found in fig 22 Fig 22 Set test conditions L3 EI Ele Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Tools Window Help ax Ogee n EE The next step carried QE out was to generate the fluid exterior in order to simulate the marine environment E em in which the buoy was Drm EA to sit This process is Er NENNEN illustrated in Fig X El However this was i ea unable to be created rra dueto a problem with Fig 23 Generate fluid exterior the model topology x file Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Jocis Window Help e x Oe SA Bx om Maka OMe e vs BED ergoe HER ASG A M8 AAF BABaAGaSea Hen a ranea Dx BOO pre De Beate OO ig a1 The model was re meshed in order to attempt to correct this problem Element Type lt 3 D gt Element Defirstion Material lt Plastic LDPE Iv t weight 4676 elements generated at mesh size 10 0897 Meshing surface 17 Element Definition Part 20f 5 Material l
32. right side are waveforms from the datasheet DATA SCK Fig 66 Start transmision sequence For easy understanding and implementation of the required sequences of data and clock signals for communication between the microcontroller and sensor state machines were developed as shown in the next figure This implements the start of the transmission sequence Fig 67 State machine of start transmission sequence 75 i Fig 70 First received byte of temperature measurement The following screen shot shows an example of using a virtual terminal for the simulation of the COM port of a computer The port is used for displaying data such as temperature and humidity Virtual Terminal a OE mesa Fig 71 Sample of temperature and humidity measurement 4 15 2 Software Errors It needs to be mentioned that samples are taken with 14 bit resolution for temperature measurement and with 12 bits for humidity measurement Because of data convertions and mathematical computation also because of the empirical determined coeficients of temperature and humidity compensation the results are not very precise The smallest error for temperature is 0 1C and for humidity is 0 5 These rates are related to the normal range of operation for the WDT The error goes up to 76 1 5C for temperature and 5 for humidity for operation conditions in the extreme range Wirtual Terminal Fig 72 Error between real data and co
33. sounds both when they are underwater and above the water surface The three that are most well known are whistles clicks and burst pulse sounds The graphical relation between the frequency and the time of those sounds are commonly presented by using spectrograms Figure 4 below shows the frequency ranges and durations of different underwater sounds 13 clidks 50 Hz OMC ethos under i Frequency KHz WI F ET An Fig 4 Example of spectrograms of whistles clicks or other sounds which were recorded underwater 2 1 3 Whistles Dolphins produce many different types of whistles One whistle which dolphins use most There are many types of whistles produced by dolphins but generally their frequency is in range from 4 kHz to 20 kHz and their duration is not longer than 1 4 s Whistles are subdivided into 21 categories based on the contour structure and shape obtained from spectrograms It is believed that dolphins use whistles mainly for communication with each other 12 more rarely it is thought that whistles are used for the expression of emotions or feelings in the same way as burst pulse sounds Dolphins produce individual signature whistles these are unique and therefore enable them to identify individuals Dolphins have also an excellent ability to mimic and copy the signature whistles of other individuals Calves are still developing their signature whistles up to six months af
34. strategic option 1 take advantage of the strength and opportunity In this chapter an example of the direct communication and the personal sales is presented 95 5 7 1 General letter Dear Sir Madam am the head of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics of the Technical University of Catalonia in Spain Our laboratory main objective is the development of technological solutions to balance the effects of anthropogenic sound sources on the marine environment and to provide interested parties with real time mitigation tools when faced with the necessity of detecting identifying and localizing sound sources in particular cetacean acoustic signals in areas of interest Geophysical prospection is often associated with the production of loud noise that may have a detrimental effect of near by individual cetaceans The challenge in this situation is to be able to monitor the presence of these animals continuously and immediately determine the actions to be undertaken Our laboratory has developed a totally automated system that is supported by low cost autonomous buoys that can be deployed during seismic surveys These buoys are radio linked to the operating vessels and transmit in real time the position and movement of any individual cetacean around the boat We believe this system would allow your company to sustainably develop its market would be very happy to introduce to you and to your technical staff the characteristic
35. t STShIB IId DA SS DATS IDI ah en TIVd tt IVd 4 MOT La G Mumm WOLF DI AI 158 Appendix 17 Organization chart Director Michel Andr Acoustic identification Legal adviser Senior scientist Researcher Cristina lvarez Developing Joan Vicent Castell Baquerizo Associated researcher Mike van der Schaar Techniques Processing Josep Maria Alonso James L Aroyan Alex Mas Maria Morell Ludwig Hou gnigan Serge Zaugg 159 Appendix 18 Contact information companies Shell Royal Dutch Shell ple Carel van Bylandtlaan 16 2596 HR DEN HAAG Postbus 162 2501 AN DEN HAAG General number 31 0 70 377 9111 Contact person Ron van den Berg Department Exploration and production Maersk Head office Maersk Drilling 50 Esplanaden 1098 Copenhagen K Denmark General number 45 33 63 33 63 Safety department Lisbeth Norup Frgmling Director Maersk Drilling 50 Esplanaden 1098 Copenhagen K Denmark General number 45 33 63 32 08 BP BP Exploration Alaska Inc 900 East Benson Boulevard Anchorage AK 99508 4254 General number 1 907 561 5111 Department sustainability 1 281 366 5511 160
36. the company is to maximize shareholders value by enhancing financial performance and providing long term profitable growth They are committed to meet the highest standards of corporate citizenship by protecting the health and safety of 90 their employees safeguarding the environment and creating a long lasting positive impact on the communities in which they do business The company has operations worldwide The countries they are operating are the United States United Kingdom Norway Denmark Russia Equatorial Guinea Algeria Libya Gabon Egypt Ghana the Joint Development Area of Malaysia and Thailand Indonesia Thailand Azerbaijan Australia Brazil and St Lucia The marketing and refining objective is to maximize financial returns from existing assets The Company operates about 1 360 Hess branded sites in 16 states along the East Coast of the United States They continue to selectively expand our HESS EXPRESS convenience store network The HOVENSA refinery in the United States Virgin Islands a joint venture between a subsidiary of Hess Corporation and a subsidiary of Petroleos de Venezuela S A PDVSA is one of the largest crude oil refineries in the world Refined petroleum products as well as natural gas and electricity are marketed to customers throughout the East Coast of the United States This integrated approach to marketing allows the Company to meet the total energy needs of our customer base while maintaining a low
37. title of an article posted on October 29 2009 by LKBlog The article writes about the increasing of sound pollution and claims that this is not only confusing the mammals but that it is also threatening the survival of these endangered animals At one point cetaceans were able to communicate over thousands of miles and now they are losing touch with each other This text is taken from a speech made by an expert during a conference in Rome That same period 100 governments were gathered in Rome for a meeting of the U N backed Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals The agenda of this meeting includes ways to increase protection for endangered species including measures to mitigate under water noise 51 Another article was found with the title Whale strandings sounding alarms in NZ amp Italy This article was published on December 28 2009 also by LKBlog About 30 whales were stranded on Coromandel peninsula Experts are studying cases like this They believe that cetaceans are becoming beached as a direct result of an increase in sound pollution within the marine environment 52 Human activities on oceans and seas are increasing this results in an increase in sea noise Take for example the offshore industry in the last two years more offshore wells have been drilled than the rest of the decade combined Between January 2008 and July 2009 35 on and offshore wells were drilled and this is only a short per
38. to all of its modules The Watchdog and RF Help modules also have their own backup battery for use in the event that the main battery becomes dead or becomes so overheated that it needs to be disconnected from the system If this were to become a reality then without individual backup batteries these two vital modules would not be able to send an essential SOS signal The sounds of the sea are recorded by the hydrophone This hydrophone is connected to an amplifier and the amplifier in turn to the Hercules board The Hercules board manages and saves all of the gathered information with the use of an access point This Hercules board operates the buoys core functionalities as a result of this it cannot be allowed to hang up In order to supervise this and ensure that it does not become a reality the watchdog monitors the status of all functionalities within the AAB This is achieved by the sending of a periodical signal that is generated by the Hercules computer In the event that the Hercules has become inactive the watchdog will not receive this signal and as a consequence will restart the Hercules board The Watchdog is also able to send environmental data for example about temperature and 53 acceleration to the Hercules board In addition the watchdog has the capability of disconnecting the battery from the remainder of the system in the event of water penetration or that the battery becomes overheated The current that is being consumed by t
39. vital to us in our role as the biggest aluminium producer in Europe Itis crucial that we assess the likelihood of constancy in the regulations governing new projects The mission of Hydro is to contribute to a more viable society This means that they lead the creation of conditions that help others develop and progress Our mission implies certain values which govern our behaviour both as individuals and as organization The mission leads to the values courage respect cooperation determination and foresight Hydro is aware of the climate change on the planet from emissions of greenhouse gases That is the reason why the company committed to create systems and technologies to reduce those emissions SIEMENS 7 uu Siemens is a German engineering company with a straight and clear mission They want to find the best way of combining and developing their know how and expertise so that they can profitably channel them into outstanding value for customers Highest performance with the highest ethics this is in one sentence the value of the company Although they have three other words which are important responsible excellent and innovative Responsibility is important because of the commitment to ethical and responsible actions They want to be excellent in high performances and results and being innovative to create sustainable value 59 5 4 4 2 Oil gas industry The oil and gas industry is comprised of a few large companies which a
40. wireframe Transient and harmonic dynamic analysis Contact analysis Buckling analysis Thermo mechanical analysis Modal analysis Vehicle assembly analysis Assembly of multiple analysis models 69 32 Capable of performing fluid dynamic wave simulations These are the preferred options but are very expensive From watching videos on YouTube it is possible to conclude that Simulations are more complex and time consuming to perform in Adina than in Ansys Adina is available as freeware on the internet however a version of this software was downloaded onto my laptop but failed to install correctly Catia is very advanced and therefore expensive software It is primarily used in the automotive industries 3 2 Chosen Solution Autodesk Algor Simulation software part of the Autodesk solution for Digital Prototyping provides a range of mechanical simulation tools to help designers and engineers make decisions earlier in the design process Support for multi CAD environments and extensive finite element modeling tools help manufacturers study initial design intent and accurately predict product performance Autodesk Algor Simulation allows you to validate and optimize designs before manufacturing increasing efficiency minimizing reliance on physical prototypes reducing costs and decreasing errors 72 e CAD support Direct associative data exchange with most CAD software Including Solidworks
41. 10 00 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 00 11 80 A nn ggg o L RENE DS AA CA ELE ELLE OO OS Ee ee p A 853 860 aa Lui A A A O E O TA A CA WG FE FO E EA 7 42 ZEE EE Tae O 6 59 PS 7 Lena O AA A AN o Lan Bottlenose dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Atlantic spotted Short beaked dolphin dolphin Fig 80 Whistle minimum frequency values with their SD values considered for Atlantic region section 118 Frequency kHz 20 00 18 00 16 00 14 00 12 00 10 00 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 00 Bottlenose dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Atlantic spotted dolphin Fig 81 Whistle maximum frequency values with their SD values considered for Atlantic region section 119 Short beaked dolphin 2 50 2 00 1 50 1 00 0 50 Chart Title Short Long Short p i Pacifi Bottlenose beaked False killer aro beaked finned Striped Spinner a Fraser s dolphin Irrwaddy Irrwaddy pate dolphin dolphin dolphin common common pilot dolphin dolphin dolphin SEN dolphin whale min mean max so oso oso oso om os oso om oso os om oso Fig 82 Whistle duration values with their SD values considered for Pacific region section 120 Start point 18 00 14 80 9 00 7 10 7 40 5 20 2 60 3 00 2 00 1 30 0 00 uiudjop AppeMuJl uiudjop AppeMuJ uiudjop Ss Jases4 Hed uiudjop Jauuids
42. 4525 4620 datasheet MC14504B Hex Level Shifter for TTL to CMOS or CMOS to CMOS datasheet MAXIM 5V Powered Multichannel RS 232 Drivers Receivers 19 4323 Rev 11 2 03 datasheet FM TRANSMITTER amp RECEIVER HYBRID MODULES datasheet BGA6289 MMIC wideband medium power amplifier datasheet LIS3LVO2DL MEMS inertial sensor 3 axis 2g 6g digital output low voltage linear accelerometer datasheet www microchip com March 2010 www sensirion com March 2010 www fairchildsemi com April 2010 www st com April 2010 www semiconductors philips com April 2010 www rfsolutions co uk April 2010 www sonsdemar eu April 2010 http en wikipedia org wiki Interrupt April 2010 http www sonsdemar eu March 2010 http www lab upc es May 2010 101 43 Marketing 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Bioacoustics http www epsevg upc edu eps index asp April 2010 http www express be business nl economy rusland wordt grootste economie van europa tegen 2030 120499 htm April 2010 www express be business nl economy europese economie blijft tot midden 2012 zwak 124752 htm April 2010 http www rtl nl financien rtlz nieuws components financien rtlz 2010 weken 2010 08 0226 1430 Economie Amerika groeit bijna 6 procent xml April 2010 http www rtl nl financien rtlz nieuws components financien rtlz 2010 weken 2010 15 0415 1625 Consum
43. Capacitor Radial Polarized Capacitor Radial Polarized Capacitor Radial Polarized Capacitor Radial Polarized Capacitor Radial Typical INFRARED GaAs LED Diode 1N4001 PIC microcontroller 5V Powered Multi Channel RS 232 Driver Receiver Voltage Regulator Voltage Regulator Voltage Regulator voltage level adapter Single Pole Single Throw Switch Header 6 Pin Header 3 Pin Header 2 Pin Header 3 Pin Header 2 Pin Header 3 Pin Header 2 Pin Header 2 Pin Analogic temperature sensor Header 2 Pin Resistor PICkit3 pull up resistor PINE PiRP PI RPI RPI RPI PI RP P e LA Resistor R4 1K LED Resistor Resistor s T for charging the 9v Resistor battery R10 1K4 Res1 Resistor R11 1K voltage sensing resistor Resistor Si SHT73 s2 LIS3 LVO2DL Accelerometer XTAL1 AM Hz Crystal Oscillator 157 Piel p T I ic Schemat Appendix 16 ais NOIA WAIT 2OGHOS Pieogureur Sopq3igA S qo SH 4001 dot 3001 JO 1998 0107 90 10 ard OND Adding Armen AZ 1 TI I D LL pVd UDISIA TY 1aqumN aas eege ieee PID 12 ae d A A CEN d Pres Pp H ML dot dn dot zd ep jer x 49 SO8L SOI joquos rap mg Nd jonuo zavod S9 MIH d aa Ei CC 6Vd 14 Vc c 9c JS DE T It o E M DASS ek OATS i y DAG TN ceteras juoum gyd DN e av of Bechter Ae dusuos p pon 1031849 iapeq A 6 OMEIN
44. In addition the IC5 is used this ensures that the battery voltage is regulated to 3 3V The 7805 is used to supply the 5V and the 7806 to supply the 6V The 7805 and 7806 regulators can drain a maximum of 1A and the 7833 500m4A this is a few hundred more times than that which the watchdog will require As a result they will not require heat sinking 4 4 2 5 Power sensing The function of the power sensing module is to supervise the voltage level of the Hercules battery The PIC Microcontroller has got a built in A D converter but the maximum voltage that it can sense is 5V In order not to damage the PIC Microcontroller we have to see Table 14 adapt the 12V of the battery to 5 57 Table 13 Corresponding voltages from the battery to the adapted ones Battery Voltage Adapted voltage for PIC Microcontroller This table shows the ecuation 1 demonstration Vbattery 5 Vadapted T ui 1 To physically implement this literal conversion a voltage divider has been designed This voltage divider can be seen in the Watchdog schematicError Reference source not ound Voltage is divided by the resistors R10 and R11 In equation 2 we can see the demonstration Vg44 I R11 5 1 1K 5 5mA 12 SMA 1k R10 12 1k R10 zm 1k R10 2400 R10 14000hm 2 So in the R11 the drop voltage will be the adapted one that will be connected to the sensing virtual port which in turn is connected to the PIC Microco
45. John Catsoulis Designing Embedded Hardware by O Reilly Copyright May 2005 ISBN 0 596 00755 8 Daniel Benito Ubeydullah Isik Scott Nelson Stefan Scharner Kamila Wojciechiwska Priscilla Wolf THE AUTONOMOUS ACOUSTIC BUOY Final Report 2009 Jack G Ganssle Great Watchdog Version 1 2 updated January 2004 Diamond System Corporation Hercules II EBX User Manual 2006 Stefan Scharner Scott Nelson Dani Benito Priscilla Wolf Kamila Wojciechowska Ubeydullah Isik The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy 2009 pp 10 12 J Koller J Koppel P Wolfgang Offshore Wind Energy Research on environmental impacts Spinger W C Verboom R A Kastelein Some examples of marine mammal discomfort thresholds in relation to man made noise 2005 W J Richardson C R Greene C l Mame D H Thomson Marine mammals and noise 1995 M Simmonds S Dolman L Weilgart Oceans of noise 2003 Emily T Griffiths The repertoire analysis of the short beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis from the Celtic Deep and the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean 2009 Ramon Ferrer i Cancho and Brenda McCowan A Law of Word Meaning in Dolphin Whistle Types 2009 Melissa Sue Soldevilla Risso s and Pacific White sided Dolphins in the Southern California Bight Using Echolocation Clicks to Study Dolphin Ecology 2008 Alexandre Gannler Sandra Fuchs Odlle Gannler Julle N Oswald Acoustic identification of nine delphinid species
46. ON amp PORTB PU Fill g III Ig II ggg OpenTimerO TIMER INT ON amp TO SOURCE INT TC while 1 PORTDbits RD1 1 PORTBbits RB1 0 SetChanADC ADC CHO ConvertADC while BusyADC 1 valuel ReadADC value valuel 5 0 1024 0 printf valuel of the ADC Se print inir if valuel lt 716 1 TATDhie TATDI1 ifndef ADC define ADC void hReset void void hShutDown void void hPowerOn void tf void change void void timer_isr void tendif MPLINK 4 34 Linker Copyright c 2009 Microchip Technology Inc Errors 0 MP2HEX 4 34 COFF to HEX File Converter Copyright c 2009 Microchip Technology Inc rrors 0 Loaded F Proteus ADC ADC software ADC cof Debug build of project F Proteus ADC ADC software ADC me Language tool versions mpasmwin exe v5 34 mplink exe v4 34 Preprocessor symbol _DEBUG is defined Sat Jun 05 13 51 56 2010 BUILD SUCCEEDED 4 m Root sheet 1 o No Messages Proteus VSM PIC18F4525 novzdcc bank 0 WR Fig 59 Development software environment Inside header files users can set up global variables used in the program e g Variable h Furthermore users can configure the microcontroller s ports e g PortConfiguration h For instance a microcontroller s pins can be set up as inputs or outputs modifying TRIS registers related to the each port In additio
47. PHILIPS Semiconductor with this device In the Watchdog PCB the corresponding ports that link the radio transmitter and radio amplifier will be the PAS and PA6 The PAS is the power port that will give 5V and 6V to power up the amplifier and the transmitter PA5 port is the radio control port this is one of the pins is that will turn on or off the radio device and the other one is used to send the rescue signal to be emitted 4 4 3 2 Current sensing The current sensing port Fig 56 has the task of receiving the proportional voltage in accordance with the current that in real time is being consumed by the main battery 61 PAR current Current sensing GND Fig 56 Current sensing expansion port The current sensing module should consist of a low resistance resistor in series with the full system and the battery in this way I V R Iconsumed Vresistor Rresistor 3 4 4 3 3 Battery Control The battery control expansion port is the PA7 this It consists of three pins One is 5V to give the power supply to the module Another one is the control pin which is connected to the PIC microcontroller and is which will give the signal to disconnect the full system from the battery in the event that a problem is detected The third pin is ground 4 5 System integration To isolate the watchdog module from the other parts of the AAB the decision was taken to place the Watchdog in a separate sealed box This was important as a re
48. Results This image produced by Autodesk Algor software allows the weak points of the buoy to easily be identified These are shown in the lighter coloured areas for example towards the top of the mast front part of the buoys base amp on the bottom extremity Fig 36 Buoy weak points 46 Table 12 Maximum stress level Part 1 BOUY FINAL Co 2 BOUY FINAL fin 3 lt BOUY FINAL fin breaking 3 6 3D simulations This table shows the maximum stress levels that can be exerted on the AAB before it reaches point This data is taken from MES RIKS analysis amp gives a value of 62 05N At the request of the marketing section a 3D animation was created using 3D studio max software in order to provide a pictorial simulation of the Buoys behaviour This avi File can be used in future presentations made by the LAB b cfggmax Pr File Edit Tools Group Views Create Modifiers Animation Graph Editors Rendering Lighting Analysis Customize MAXScript Help Tentacles Il AIA DT ar ans Standard Pamitives M 1 amp Ebo E A CA ET m om RS FE CD Add Time Tag SeKey P Key Fiters we o 8 Goen PN BR Se E ls Se ll OT joer eax standard Ergo Avg IX Max SEX Avg O Max DX Diu 0 Mee BK Pl BOB KS fresco ace bag gt tea Bell HE J KeBha jf BMS indi d y ic d ame 1000 adi Rendering Time 0 00 00 Tradi CD Add Time Tag SetKey
49. Sb first In multiple read write commands further blocks of 8 clock periods will be added When MS bit is O the address used to read write data remains the same for every 71 block When MS bit is 1 the address used to read write data is incremented at every block The function and the behaviour of SDI and SDO remain unchanged 32 For a proper communication between devices some of the accelerometer registers have to be set up in terms to get the desired results Appendix 11 4 14 Serial communication All data received from microcontroller s peripheral devices is sent through the serial port of the microcontroller to the Hercules main board The communication protocol is RS232 and is based on a three wire resource Data sent has a set format which looks like that found in the following table Table 15 Data transmition format T xx xx C H xx x 96 V xx x V Xx x Xaxis xg Yaxis xg Zaxis xg To enable the serial port MSSP Enable bit SSPEN SSPCON1 lt 5 gt must be set To reset or reconfigure SP mode clear the SSPEN bit reinitialize the SSPCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit This configures the SDI SDO SCK and SS pins as serial port pins For the pins to behave as the serial port function some must have their data direction bits in the TRIS register appropriately programmed as follows e SDI is automatically controlled by the SPI module e SDO must have TRISC lt 5 gt bit cleared e SCK Mast
50. a ATA SEC ELA time On the outset these analyses appeared to have functioned correctly however No quantifiable results were produced DH i GGG F diiit mmm 88888 FEE HH er V E A e e e Fe lt Sice Planes jl Ka K D a HW Fig 29 Failed static stress analysis 43 3 5 6 Progress All simulations carried out to this point have been unsuccessful Using clues given by error messages flagged in Autodesk Algor software an appropriate troubleshooting step is to greatly simplify the solidworks model This will allow the software to be tested However it must be remembered that a heavily simplified model will not produce accurate amp therefore useful simulation results 3 5 7 Troubleshooting As outlined in the progress section a much simplified representation of the buoy was _ QE__ _ _ _ 2 7 created in order to test Autodesk Algor software This was created using solidworks The new model was then imported in the same way detailed in section 3 5 1 into L Autodesk Algor Next the mesh structure was created Ose n Autodesk Algor Su EI File Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Tools Window Help Kara ame o v BELL Gerges AEK ASG The parameters for A MM lt 00 Static stress nonlinear material models were set and the analysis was run Visible results were produced from the analysis however quantifiable values w
51. ard in terms of temperature and humidity are monitored using the SHT73 sensor from the Sensirion Company This sensor is half duplex synchronous and has his own protocol that needs two O input output pins of the PIC microcontroller The acquired data is sent via the USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter port to the Hercules COM port where gathered data is going to be stored The stored data will be downloaded to the main computer so that scientists and engineers can ascertain information about the conditions of the buoy With this information they can also monitor in real time the variations of the physical conditions Temperature humidity and the behaviour of the sea accelerometer are the main parameters supervised by the watchdog in this way decisions can be taken in terms of buoy functionality 51 4 3 2 Levels of danger Due to the fact that the AAB has to interpret different results with different meanings and then has to take an appropriate decision different levels of warning were assigned as references for the buoy 1 The first level will be to reset the Hercules board in the event of a poor communication signal or if the Hercules hangs up 2 The second level of warning will be to power down the Hercules board if the operating conditions fall outside of the acceptable range In the event of this the watchdog must wait until the conditions have returned to a satisfactory state before turning on the
52. astic Polycarbonate Molded 7 BOUY FINAL boje2 Default Shell Plastic Polycarbonate Molded 8 BOUY FINAL boje2 Default Shell Plastic Polycarbonate Molded Element Properties used for Table 24 BOUY FINAL Counter weight Element Type Shell Shell type General Material Model Isotropic 1st Integration Order Unknown Value 2nd Integration Order Unknown Value Thickness 10 1438 mm Midside Nodes Not Included 131 Element Normal X Coordinate Element Normal Y Coordinate Element Normal Z Coordinate Allow for overlapping elements No Table 25 BOUY FINAL finalmast_Default Element Type Shell type Material Model 1st Integration Order 2nd Integration Order Thickness Midside Nodes Element Normal X Coordinate Element Normal Y Coordinate Element Normal Z Coordinate Allow for overlapping elements Shell General Isotropic Unknown Value Unknown Value 9 9999 mm Not Included mm No Table 26 BOUY FINAL finalmast_Default Element Type Shell type Material Model 132 Shell General Isotropic 1st Integration Order 2nd Integration Order Thickness Midside Nodes Element Normal X Coordinate Element Normal Y Coordinate Element Normal Z Coordinate Allow for overlapping elements Unknown Value Unknown Value 9 98655 mm Not Included No Table 27 BOUY FINAL boje2 Default Element Type Shell type Material Model 1st Integration Order 2nd Int
53. be environmentally responsible 93 A strength of the LAB is the desire to protect the marine environment For the society it is more and more important that companies are operating in an environmentally responsible way This is a result of the deterioration of the environment and the predictions that it will be worse if nothing were to change This opportunity indicates that there is a market for the AAB From this point it is important to take advantage of the opportunity Big companies are trying harder to be environmentally responsible By offering companies a solution to be environmentally responsible with the marine environment The first step is to make contact with potential customers There are a lot of different marketing communication instruments to communicate with customers For example public relations advertising direct marketing sponsoring fairs in store communication or personal sales Because of the lack of financial resources it is not possible to use different kinds of marketing communication instruments Direct marketing and personal sales are two marketing tools that could be used to get the right result without high costs For the content of the message is it important to focus on the advantages for the company The post brings everyday a lot of advertisement letters and flyers This results decreased interest from receivers However receivers of addressed mail will read the letter or flyer more carefully This
54. blem you will evade this result We would love to sum up the benefits and give you an idea of the product during a short presentation at your office Thinking ahead will give your company opportunities a strong position on the market in comparing to competitors and more profit from the society These are just a few examples of benefits If you have any questions don t hesitate to contact us We will call you next week to make an appointment Your sincerely 97 5 7 3 Presentation Personal sales are another marketing communication instrument which are recommended In this chapter an example is presented of the layout for a presentation It is important to use the same layout for all communication methods If you use different layouts the customer will get confused This is the reason that the layout of the website has been used for the presentation LABORATORI D APLICACIONS BIOACUSTIQUES I I I i I I Avda Rambla Exposici s n 335 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr Barcelona Espanya tel 34 93 896 72 27 fax 34 93 896 72 01 LABORATORI D APLICACIONS BIOAC STIQUES Universitat Polit cnica de 98 6 Conclusion Over the course of the EPS comprehensive progress has been made in the development of the AAB Each team member has worked to the best of their abilities in order to achieve their individual goals This has resulted in an efficient and dynamic team working together to successfully further advance an
55. bles These parameters are duration mean frequency minimum and maximum frequency start and end point Another useful tool for further classification was the geographic location tables containing information about the areas of abundance of given specie All six species included in the Atlantic region section seem to produce very similar whistles However in comparison with other species bottlenose dolphins have got the longest duration values and the lowest values of frequencies i e mean frequency minimum freguency start and end point Mean value of the maximum frequency is also very low but its standard deviation is relatively high this makes the range of the 27 maximum frequency quite wide Also Atlantic spotted dolphins and Common dolphins tend to have the shortest values of duration but as for frequency parameters they are all comparable with the ranges of other species As for the whistles produced by eleven dolphin species included in the Pacific region section many more characteristics can be found Irrwaddy dolphins tend to have very short values of duration and their standard deviation values are extremely small This states that Irrwaddy dolphins whistles have got a fixed duration of 0 2 s for first whistle type and 0 3 s for the second These whistles also have got very low frequencies which makes them easy to differentiate from other species Another characteristic of such dolphins is their abundance they live only in l
56. cing appropriate CAD software However since this point satisfactory progress has been made the buoy has been structurally 48 tested using Algor simulation software amp theoretical calculations have also helped to make further assessments about the buoy In addition an animation has been created using 3D studio Max to be used for marketing purposes 3 7 1 Further Work Possible future work includes doing a more detailed theoretical CAD simulation This would be made possible by using more powerful and expensive software such as Catia which has greater analysis capabilities However as the AAB has already been manufactured and is close to completion in other areas such further analysis can possibly be considered futile This is the judgement call that the LAB will now have to make 49 4 Electronic Design 4 1 Introduction Due to the needs to monitor operating parameters of electronic equipment and buoy behaviour in the marine environment Electronic Department of AAB project EPS 2010 built up a watchdog which takes care of the good physical and software conditions of the Hercules board and represents the core of the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy power supply module and the watchdog itself For those systems that can t be constantly watched by a human watchdog is the right choice and the best solution The watchdog is circuit board which consist of two main parts hardware and software These components will trigger a system reset or ot
57. ct is carried out is the LAB see Fig 1 Established in 1997 the LAB is a multi disciplinary research group of scientists who are searching for a solution to the increasing acoustic degradation of the marine habitat in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic The Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics was created at the proposal of Michel Andr with a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology and the institutional support from the City of Vilanova i la Geltr and the Ports Directorate of the Catalan Government With the cooperation of the UPC and the Centre Tecnol gic de Vilanova La Geltr CTVG the LAB has created the AAB to record sounds in the marine environment without introducing noise pollution from active sources such as sonar 39 These recordings can then be studied and analysed As an additional activity the LAB is also involved in the organisation and teaching of different courses such as Master on Marine Technologies and Acoustic Sensing or Cetacean Bio sonar and Communication Fig 1 LAB logo The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy AAB is a system used for acoustic monitoring different types of sounds in the underwater environment It has been designed in the shape of a miniature ship in order that it can easily be transported and used in both offshore and onshore environments The shape of the buoy is crucial as it is not self propelling and is very heavy this aerodynamic shape allows it to efficiently be
58. d develop the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy The research and analysis system produced in the Dolphin Whistles Analysis section will allow the LAB team to more accurately and efficiently Identify different species of Dolphins by the sounds they produce Both the information collected and analysis performed will allow the LAB to improve their understanding of cetaceans abilities to communicate underwater For future work a more comprehensive analysis system could be designed For the electronics section an efficient watchdog system has been designed and manufactured This will allow the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy to become a self reliant entity saving users from the need for direct intervention and thus time and money The Watchdog system has been tested to be efficient in operation and can therefore be deemed as a success However possible future improvements may include upgrading it by adding additional or more accurate sensors as well as software improvements CAD simulations carried out over the course of the project have enabled conclusions to be drawn about the overall stability of the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy This has been carried out using both Computer software and theoretical calculations In addition to initial reguirements a computerised animation has also been produced in order to aid in the marketing presentation In future a more detailed computer model could be simulated using software with greater processing capabilities this would give a more
59. ds the company will slightly raise the price 5 6 3 Strategic option 3 W2 O1 Improve or transform weaknesses into strength W2 A lack of financial sources O1 Increasing of interest in the problem An increasing of interest in ocean noise can influence the position of the LAB positively Although the LAB doesn t have any brand awareness at the moment As long as the potential customer doesnt know about the existing of the company they will not sell anything That is the reason why it is important to get brand awareness Marketing is a tool that would generate awareness by potential customers Because of the weakness a lack of financial sources it is not easy to create a marketing campaign These weaknesses should be first improved or transformed into a strength Improving the weakness into a strength would give the LAB a stronger position There is one marketing communication instrument that is suitable to implement strategic option 3 Public Relations PR With PR it is possible to generate free publicity To create free publicity it is important to get attention from journalists from papers and trade journals As soon as they write about the idea of the LAB and its product it will result in brand awareness in the market Followed by an increased interest from potential customers what can result in demand of the AAB 5 7 Chosen strategy After a lot of research and with help from the confrontation matrix it is recommended to choose
60. e Ensuring that the IWC commercial whaling ban is neither lifted nor weakened and that the related illegal and lethal scientific whaling is ended e Reducing and where possible eliminating sources of human caused death injury harassment and disturbance of the world s whales e Initiating and expanding research to improve our understanding of the world s whales including health and reproduction whale habitats and the impacts of human activities and other threats to whales 55 Nowadays it is more and more important for the society that people and companies are environmentally responsible There are legal environmental requirements and regulations for companies Environment Companies are required to take care of their activities to cause less harm to the environment For example by taking care of their refuse in addition to conserving natural resources and reducing the amount of greenhouse gases expelled from their activities An environment friendly management system seems expensive in the short term although it will pay off on the long term It will improve the competitive position of companies on the market 87 Employees With regards to employees companies have obligations It is their job to prevent discrimination at work Beside that the work surroundings have to be safe and healthy for employees Voluntary action All companies have to satisfy to the minimum legal requirements although thinking ahead can improve thei
61. e Modelling and meshing Create finite element models and meshes using tools and wizards designed to improve productivity and simulation accuracy e Static stress and linear dynamics Study structural response of designs e Mechanical event simulation Enhance design decisions by using multi body dynamics with support for large scale motion large deformation and large strain with body to body contact e Computational fluid dynamics CFD simulation Study thermal characteristics of designs and perform accurate detailed fluid flow analysis e Metaphysics Study multiple physical factors acting simultaneously by combining results from different analysis types 3 2 1 Limitations Finding appropriate software has been extremely time consuming amp a compromise has had to be made due to the timescale of the project The chosen software is limited as it is not able to perform all of the required simulations as detailed in the simulation section 3 2 2 Solution to Limitations Due to a lack of available software in the school S W is not available to me that has all of the required functions to complete the simulation task We have therefore broken down the task into several subtasks in order to find ways of carrying out each part of the task 33 Table 8 Work process Factors to be tested Test method Waterline Exact size and mass must first Tested using formulae be calculated Stability in terms of theoretical formulae
62. ear on year The GDP increased with 2 2 base year on year in the third quarter of the year If we look at the GDP in 2009 as a complete year it has decreased by 2 4 This is the largest decrease since the decrease of 10 9 in 1946 The total amount of income of companies consumers and government in American was 13 14 billion dollars in the fourth quarter of 2008 One year later this had already increased to 13 16 billion dollars Unfortunately the expectations are that this increase will not continue As soon as the stimulus money of the American government is out of the market it is expected that consumer expansion will decrease 46 In April consumers trust in the economy greatly decreased Index figures show that consumers lost is trust for example 73 6 in March to 69 5 in April Although analysts thought that the trust would increase instead of decrease According to research consumers are insecure about the weak labour market and their own job certainty Beside this consumers lost their faith in the economic policy 47 This was not the only change in March the consumer price index also increased In comparison with the previous month it increased by 0 1 48 5 4 1 3 Africa This year the world cup will be held in South Africa The success of the world cup is crucial for the economy of the country At the moment Africa is one of the world s poorest inhabited continents Like other countries in the world South Africa also suffered from
63. easily accomplished by the next team of EPS students 4 15 Hardware simulation and obtained results Before implementing on a real PCB the designed schematic we tested and simulated it For the simulation process three different steps were applied 1 Software simulation of the hardware step using Proteus environment 2 USIRCUTTOENCCPOE i 3 TULA C1 5 E 7 14 B Ed En Di E Fr LEDRED S S GND Wer a Oh b R3 E es 3 AMT E hie e 5 g ar Fig 63 Watchdog schematic 73 2 Hardware simulation using prototype boards and electronic devices Fig 65 Final product testing 4 15 1 Software simulation of the hardware step using Proteus environment To simulate the circuit which testing the temperature and humidity sensor acceleration sensor external interrupt feature analogue to digital conversion and implements serial communication between microcontroller and a computer it is necessary to have electrical models of the following components as shown in Fig 63 1 PIC18F4525 Microcontroller 2 Adjusting voltage levels circuit to facilitate 2 wires communication MAX232 3 A virtual terminal which replaces the serial COM port of the computer 4 SHT73 temperature and humidity sensor 5 Accelerometer L S3LVO2DL 6 5V power source The communication is made using two lines one is a clock line and the other one is a data line Both wires are bidirectional for receiving and transmit
64. egration Order Thickness Midside Nodes Element Normal X Coordinate Element Normal Y Coordinate Element Normal Z Coordinate Allow for overlapping elements 133 Shell General Isotropic Unknown Value Unknown Value 10 mm Not Included No Material Information Material Model Material Source Material Source File Date Last Updated Material Description Table 28 BOUY FINAL boje2_Default Element Type Shell type Material Model 1st Integration Order 2nd Integration Order Thickness Midside Nodes Element Normal X Coordinate Element Normal Y Coordinate Element Normal Z Coordinate Allow for overlapping elements Shell General Isotropic Unknown Value Unknown Value 10 347 mm Not Included No Table 29 Plastic Polycarbonate Molded Shell Standard Autodesk Algor Material Library C Program Files Autodesk Algor Simulation 2011 matlibs algormat mlb 2004 09 30 16 00 00 None 134 Mass Density 1 31374002450777e 009 N s mm mm Modulus of Elasticity 2378 69126600378 N mm Poisson s Ratio 37 Shear Modulus of A 785 230118558373 N mm Elasticity Displacement mm Gren 0 of 20 Maximum Value O mm g Minimum alue O mm Fig 87 Results Presentation Images Input initial conditions Initial conditions code ICON 0 EQ 0 Zero initial conditions EQ 1 Initial conditions are read EQ 2 Initial conditions are read from
65. en developed to carry out some extra functions such as a Radio transmitter and amplifier 60 b Current sensing c Battery control These functionalities are not built into the Watchdog board however it does have the necessary ports enable them to be carried out 4 4 3 1 Radio transmitter and amplifier The radio transmitter is needed to send an SOS signal in the case of emergencies This signal will be emitted by the FM RTFQ1 module which is sold by RD Solutions Company This is a fully designed and embedded radio emitter that does not require external components and works in the 868MHz frequency range We can see the radio transmitter in the Fig 55 with the identification IC3 ANTI 100pF C9 8 InF 68pF Fig 55 Radio transmitter with the corresponding radio amplifier The radio amplifier is required in order to increase the signal from the radio transmitter In this module there are many more components than in the previous ones The radio amplifier consists of the following components C4 C6 R6 C7 ANT1 L1 C8 and C9 The main core of this module is the IC4 This is a wideband medium power amplifier that will increase the power signal from the radio transmitter This Silicon Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit MMIC is sold by the Semiconductor division of PHILIPS In Fig 55 we can see the components position and its corresponding values This position and value is recommended by the specification sheet given by
66. entenvertrouwen VS daalt xml April 2010 http www rtl nl financien rtlz nieuws components financien rtlz 2010 weken 2010 15 20100414 1449 Consumentenprijzen VS stijgen marginaal in maart xml April 2010 http www zuidafrika2010 net index php option com_content amp view article amp id 165 wk voetbal 2010 helpt zuid afrika uit recessie amp catid 50 economie wk2010 amp ltemid 82 April 2010 http www z24 nl economie artikel_132419 224 Opkomende landen _Azie groeien dit jaar 7 5 procent html April 2010 http mendocoastcurrent wordpress com 2009 10 29 whale songs drowned out by human noise pollution April 2010 http mendocoastcurrent wordpress com 2009 12 28 whale strandings sounding alarms in nz italy April 2010 http www stuff co nz business industries 3059510 New Zealand set for an oil bonanza May 2010 http www balticsea2020 org index php option com_content amp view a rticle amp id 128 amp ltemid 87 amp lang en May 2010 http www ifaw org ifaw_european_union media_center press_releas es 3_15 2010 60875 php May 2010 http ec europa eu youreurope business doing business responsibly index_nl htm April 2010 http ec europa eu enterprise policies sustainable business index_nl htm http www dw world de dw article 0 2649035 00 html April 2010 https www swe siemens com belux portal en about Pages mission_s tatement aspx April 2010 http www shell com home content environment_society environme nt biodiversit
67. epresented by the part name S1 The S prefix means that it s a sensor and the 1 is just an identifier inside the schematic This embedded device is fully calibrated in the factory and therefore it does not require any external electronic equipment to calibrate lt has got a digital synchronous serial output and in addition is fully recommended to work with battery supplied systems as the consumption of the device is only around 28uA Fig 46 Humidity and temperature module This embedded device is sold by the SENSIRION company The sensor is already soldered onto a small PCB with a pin array meaning that it can be implemented more easily as a result the integration of this device is quite easy With regards to the external components that we can see on Error Reference source not found the R1 is a Ok ohm pull up resistor needed for the conditioning of the signal Additionally the IC9 integrated circuit can be seen this is a ADG3304 bidirectional logic level adapter This is because the SHT73 sensor works at 3 3V logic level voltage and also power supply and the PIC microcontroller works at 5V of power and logic level In order to avoid damaging the device this device is used Virtual ports linking the IC9 voltage adapter with the PIC Microcontroller can also be viewed in this Image 4 4 2 3 Analogical temperature sensors Although the watchdog has one digital sensor of temperature and humidity it has three more sensors of temperatu
68. er mode must have TRISC lt 3 gt bit cleared e SCK Slave mode must have TRISC lt 3 gt bit set e SS must have TRISA lt 5 gt bit set To set up an Asynchronous Transmission it needs to work with the TXSTA and SPBRGH SPBRG registers of the PIC microcontroller e Initialize the SPBRGH SPBRG registers for the appropriate baud rate Set or clear the BRGH and BRG16 bits as required to achieve the desired baud rate e Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN e If interrupts are desired set enable bit TXIE 72 e f 9 bit transmission is desired set transmit bit TX9 This can be used as address data bit e Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN which will also set bit TXIF e If 9 bit transmission is selected the ninth bit should be loaded in bit TX9D e Load data to the TXREG register starts transmission e f using interrupts ensure that the GIE and PEIE bits in the NTCON register INTCON lt 7 6 gt are set e Also TRISC lt 7 gt and TRISC lt 6 gt bit must be set as digital outputs 27 USART port of the microcontroller can have the function to both transmit and receive information To receive information from any peripheral devices in our case from the Hercules board the port has to be set up for data reading Appendix 7 In this way the user which controls main computer can also control the watchdog by writing in its registers information for further actions This task can be
69. ere still not given from this type of analysis Fig 31 Simplified meshed model 44 This LS test shows that the software is functioning Sh and is able to carry jT OD File Edit Selection View Results Results Options Inquire Display Options Animation Utilities Tools Window Help n Bao HAAF OM0OGAGAS Hea aaa MHosh s g causa ong do tle altan be Mm em 75 oi won Mines Time 0s Time Step 0 of 2400 Maximum Value 0 N mm 2 Fig 32 Simplified model results 3 5 8 MES RIKS Analysis out simulations However it is also possible to deduce that thus far the incorrect types of calculations have been carried out in order to produce valuable results MES RIKS analysis allows the weak breaking points in the model to be identified It also allows maximum stress levels to be ascertained regarding the physical properties of the buoy 3 5 8 1 Operation The parameters were first set and the analysis was run E um m E EI File Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Jocis Window Help Maxa fleece v SEE a OTE MER ASD FMA ZAAF oocopoooe Rd a le d D oe e oom pn ur FINAL boy DES Oozm mupoz Eid It 1583 57 og 2 e BA sf E O 155 0 m oz o T Ma eas Fig id iE MES le anne Orie pdt selection Yiew Besuls ResultsQptiems Inquire Display Options Animation ties Tool Window Help Ode SA Fet HAAF 6600 Hen Gaza F9 00m E eneen One ho mm Y Deh
70. ersevenserersnnerersenersevenseverenne 56 EA ZA ROWEN renine ea 57 4012 5 POWer Ee e A A ea 57 ANG LOS A E EL as 58 PAL ALAN OCN A ad 59 74 2 8 Programming POE is 60 442 9 Hercules DOWEL CONTO a 60 4 1 2 LO Battery CNAE A ie 60 TAS ENDOSO EROS AAA AAA 60 44 3 1 Radio transmitter ano amplifler iiec e ados 61 LI RS E e EE 61 AS BO OY CONTO ata 62 4 5 System Integra a kerde ads dateen dennie 62 4 6 Communication between Watchdog and Hercules main board eeen 63 ASS A dans 63 4 8 DOTIWare SHUCtUTS T 65 D E AA A m TRE 67 4 10 SHT73 temperature and humidity sensor 67 4 11 Communication between microcontroller and GHT Z A 68 Z d d Start UD SENSO at 68 4 11 2 Sending a Command to initiate a transmission eese 68 411 3 Measurement OF BRA and T ose E EE neten 68 Td L4HumidgitycompensallDH mts deese eer 69 4 11 5 Temperature compensation of Humidity Signal eese 69 4 11 6 DEW DOME COMPULONOR ia 69 A 12 POWER SENSING 69 4 12 1 Analogical to Digital Conversion cccccssseccccesscccceesececeeseceeceancceceuseceeeuneceeseneeeetas 70 4 13 Behaviour detection Of the buoy oocccccnnccnnccnncnnnnnncnnnonaronnonanonnnnononnnonaronnonanonnonanonnnnanoss 70 413 1 SPUCOMMUNICATION DOE as 71 ES ee 71 4 14 Serial COMMIMUNICATION sereen sinker dieeten deden iedeen deken einden denkend 72 4 15 Hardware simulation and obta
71. ght and mobility The activities are on a way that it is affordable secure and doesn t damage the environment The values of the company are progressive responsible innovative and performance driven Progressive in the way they build relationships For the company it is not only important to build on a good relationship between employees but also with their partners and customers They believe in the principle of mutual advantage Responsible the company feels responsible for the safety and development of their employees and the communities and societies in which they operate Innovative they push boundaries today and create tomorrow s breakthroughs through their people and technology Performance driven they deliver on their promises through continuous improvement and safe reliable operations The strategy of BP is separated into three fields Explore for develop and produce more fossil fuel resources that the world needs Efficiently manufacture process and deliver better and more advanced products Bea material contributor to the transition to a low carbon future They want to strengthen their position further by securing new access and achieving exploration success 61 Hess HESS Hess is a leading global independent energy company engaged in the exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas as well as in refining and in marketing refined petroleum products natural gas and electricity The vision of
72. gi e The second hypothesis states that when the sound is produced by some small knobs or fatty tissues beneath the blowhole the air sacs focus that sounds This tissue functions similarly to our lips which are able to flap together when air is pushed past them In this way a pulse is created and is transmitted out into the water Scientists are not able to confirm either of these hypotheses because no one has ever seen a dolphin s head whilst it is in the process of producing sounds Medical 12 equipment is in existence that is capable of carrying out such an examination however it is too difficult to be used with dolphins Moreover it can be simply detrimental to their health Perhaps one day in the near future new technology will become available that will allow such scientific research to be carried out As for the sound reception scientists currently believe that specialized fatty tissues in the jaw region serve as the primary route able to pick up sound to the middle and inner ears This is known as the pan bone theory Tympanic periotic Complex Air Sinuses Tympanic Membrane Joint between Tympanic Periotic Bone and Periotic Bones Mandible Mandible Window Synostosis Involucrum Fig 3 Drawing of general delphinid sound reception cross section from the left hand side Inset 90 counter clock wise rotation cross section of tympano periotic bone bulla 11 2 1 2 Types of sounds Dolphins produce many types of
73. gnal is sent from the main computer to the watchdog periodically and will trigger a software function from the watchdog If the periodical signal is missing for more time than the period established the user the watchdog will detect the situation and will take an appropriate decision in terms of whether to reset or power off the computer 4 7 Software Design The software design for the Watchdog and namely for PIC18f4525 microcontroller will 63 be based as most embedded systems are on an infinite loop As is shown Appendix 11 the program has three different courses A main course of the program and two interrupt routines The interrupts are used for monitoring the external high priority events such as the hung up of the Hercules board or an external interrupt given by the accelerometer These types of routines will serve to avoid or treat the event which caused the damage The main loop will run forever and has some critical steps of which it has to follow 1 Initializing microcontroller peripherals e Input and Output ports of the microcontroller e Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter port e Analog to Digital Converter e Activating the interrupts e Internal timers 2 Initializing the communication with external peripherals e Accelerometer e Temperature and Humidity Sensor Radio module e Hercules board Data acquisition Data computation Sending the computed data through EUSART to Hercules board C
74. hat has a global coverage This is a result of the target group on which they are focussing for example the windmill industry and navies These are examples of organisations which are operating on a global level 5 3 6 Financial situation The LAB doesn t have many financial resources At the moment they are busy with providing the system This marketing plan has to introduce the AAB on the market in order to find customers and investors Sons de Mar needs your support through a donation To collaborate with Sons de Mar is to decide to actively participate in the conservation of the ocean s balance As an individual or from your company It is an investment in dedicated research it is the desire for sustainable development in the sea now and for the generations to come The decision to help the sea getting back to its own environment of natural sounds without noise pollution is a choice everyone can make 5 4 External analysis 5 4 1 Economic According to a report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP there is a political revolution on its way this which will change the leading economic countries At this moment the USA Japan Germany France United Kingdom Italy and Canada G7 are the leading countries Although they will be challenged by a new group the E7 China Russia India Brazil Mexico Indonesia and Turkey By approximately 2019 the average GDP Gross Domestic Product of the E7 will match the GDP of the G7 However by
75. he Hercules board is also supervised by the watchdog in order to detect short circuits or other anomalies Appendix 12 4 4 2 Watchdog Schematic The hardware of the watchdog is divided into a few main parts each part is referred to as a module These modules perform specific functions such as monitoring the environment communication sensing the power supply supervising the Hercules board to name a few The main modules are the following a Communication between watchdog and Hercules main board b Digital temperature and humidity sensor c Analogical temperature sensors d Power e Power sensing f Accelerometer g LAN activity Live sensing h Programming port i Hercules power control j Battery charger 4 4 2 1 Communication between watchdog and Hercules main board The communications module is based in the RS 232 standard protocol As the TTL technology of the PIC microcontroller does not match with the RS 232 standard we use the transceiver signal conditioner MAX232 from the MAXIM company This device requires some external capacitors to work 54 PAI met App 5 E7 UK Pl Reset Ai PAL pe Vsensing X PAI per PAR current E Slack SVo cal Sldats Va BE Vo a ACCint LA tes RAS ANA SSHI VDIN CICEBLINT L ANIO ra ER m 31 10nF T qu id LETALI pel Tam 37 26 TO rlout WE K tlin Steeg UL e 18 AR PAS ACC i ES sena Lei Aliado PAD d B3 i U L E 3 r EDO FLS 1 1 2 pi FD PP RE 1 2 z
76. he ocean is produced by shipping A research group named Laboratori d Aplicacions Bioac stiques LAB with assistance of Universitat Polit cnica de Catalunya UPC examines the sounds in seas and oceans They also investigate the effects of manmade noise on cetaceans During the European Project Semester EPS previously recorded whistle patterns will be analysed and classified It is possible to distinguish one species from another on the basis of its specific whistle characteristics and variables In order to do this precise research on the already examined whistles will be done using the aid of scientific papers Once this is completed appropriate software can be utilised to set the parameters and begin the process of classifying whistles The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy records information on the sound patterns produced by cetaceans In addition to this the LAB has a database of a wide collection of recordings of the noise produced by marine animals One such sound that features in this collection is that of whistles these are a specific type of sound which is produced for the most part by dolphins In order to further understand the communication processes and behaviours of marine creatures such as dolphins these whistles need to first be analysed and secondly classified to the particular species which produced them 11 2 1 1 The way in which dolphins produce sounds There are more than forty species of dolphins on our planet They can be fou
77. her corrective action depending on user settings and immediate needs resulted from operating conditions and environment For instance temperature and humidity discrepancies a hang of main computer or neglects to regularly service the watchdog The intention is to bring the system back from the nonresponsive state into normal operation one or to inform the shore about the current state of the system and buoy in case of non repairable and irreversible state As is shown in Fig 42 the watchdog is going to be placed inside the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy which will be offshore for monitoring and registering the marine mammals whistles Fig 42 Overview and Watchdog positioning in the system The watchdog is a complex device attempting to save debug information onto a persistent medium The recorded information is going to be used for debugging the problem that caused the fault The most common use of a watchdog is in embedded systems where this specialized timer is often a built in unit of a microcontroller In our case the device has to be more sophisticated with many features and will use the microcontroller itself as a core of the device 4 2 Watchdog Functions Watchdog timers will trigger fail safe control systems to move into a safety state such as turning off the main computer low voltage detection and other potentially dangerous subsystems until the fault is cleared e Limiting and saving the power consumption Set time limi
78. hold in order to minimise wasted time and make efficient progress with the simulation task 3 5 5 Static stress Analysis The first Analysis to be run on the buoy is unsteady fluid flow This will monitor structural analysis to be carried out 42 EI File Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Tools Window Help Ogee ga IBA lO A MAMA POOLS Via MEUSE OTAK AMIA A After setting the SHA LP NMA BHORHRAsSte Ten e gor eme Bxl a sie We eo hRaDd0O0Ow Fit Ta ASA analysis parameters an analysis was run This was unsuccessful Tact aron et pty pte Do yuh as yet again the x model topology was y too complex to carry out the simulation Fig 27 Static stress attempt 1 PS P El file Edit Selection Ven Mesh Geometry Analysis Tools Window Help Ie x Ogg ga reren AMAA a Wee o v s DEA OTRA MER ASS 5 a MA X A 556500009 96 SA m eeM Cf 8 oat o Troubleshooting We cc Deet o Oe PNA dictated that the vi mien i buoy was again re l meshed The mesh A idis structure is important Parts with warnings from feature matching n Part 2 lt BOUY FINAL finalmast Default a S d iffe re nt O pt O n S N work with different simulation types Analysis was run for a WO file Edit Selection View Results Results Options Inquire Display Options Animation Utilities Tools osa 64 EE ALt ono5585e6 Bea second and third Gara Hosts 87 cause on
79. ication of nine dolphin v uploadedFiles Divis Barlow Thomas F Norris delphinid species in the Eastern ions PRD Programs Tropical Pacific Ocean Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf Spinner http swfsc noaa go Julie N Oswald Jay Acoustic identification of nine dolphin v uploadedFiles Divis Barlow Thomas F Norris delphinid species in the Eastern ions PRD Programs Tropical Pacific Ocean Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf Pacific http swfsc noaa go J N OSWALD S RANKIN First description of whistles of Fraser s v uploadedFiles Divis AND J BARLOW Pacific Fraser s dolphins dolphin ions PRD Programs Lagenodelphis Hosei Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald9620et 20al 202007 20Fr asers vocals Bioacou st2 pdf Irrwaddy http lib i0a ac cn Sci Sofie M Van Parijs Guido Sounds produced by Australian dolphin enceDB JASA jasa20 J Parra and Peter J Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella 00 pdfs vol 108 iss 4 1938 1 pdf Corkeron brevirostris 2 3 Whistle classification The second section of the bioacoustic analysis was the computer analysis of dolphin whistles At first it was assumed that sounds would be analysed in an already existing software that was available online Unfortunately no such program was found and a new code was created in Matlab 7 10 0 R2010a for recognition and extraction of whistles The task of this code was to extract from whistle samples the parameters as presented in the research section i e duration mean frequency minim
80. ile must be saved in one of the following formats ACIS Files Autodesk AutoCAD Autodesk Inventor Autodesk Inventor Fusion Autodesk Mechanical Desktop IGES Files Rhinoceros 3D STEP Files Stereolithography STL Files This is the preferred method to import the Buoy data 3 Importing the file as Wireframe IGES This is more complex than importing a 3D model but is a backup method The file is opened selecting Wireframe IGES igs iges as files of type If all the entities in each part lie in a single plane the entities in the part can be imported into a sketch by selecting the mport as 2D objects check box If the model will be analyzed using 2D elements it must be imported into the YZ plane Activating the mport into YZ plane check box will translate the positive X axis in the IGES file to the positive Y axis in the sketch and the positive Y axis in the IGES file to the positive Z axis in the sketch The CAD model was successfully imported into Algor This was done using the direct El fie Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Jools Window Help a x im po rt method 2 Oe sa Maxa ees y EGS o erg LH ASG as detailed above False AA eecppoe Den aran GIS c e G e en In solidworks the file was saved in the STEP format and then opened in Autodesk Algor The initial import can be y Seen across iz Pe Bem Bemuus emu Fig 19 Initial Buoy import 39 3 5 2 Creating a Mesh wg A
81. imited areas close to the northern part of Australia Another dolphins which whistles seem to be unique are Short finned dolphins which behavior is more similar to whales rather than dolphins 20 The frequencies of their whistles appear to be very low and the time of duration is also relatively low Also whistles produced by Bottlenose dolphins have got some unique characteristics e the longest duration time Whistle parameters of false killer whales have got very small standard deviation values resulting in small ranges of their frequencies as well as ranges of duration Pantropical spotted dolphins whistles have the highest values of the end point and maximum frequencies Another specie with identifiable whistle characteristics is the Pacific Fraser s their whistles have got the highest value of minimum frequency and a very small range of maximum frequency In conclusion in the Atlantic region characteristic whistles are those produced by Bottlenose dolphins Also Common dolphins and Atlantic spotted dolphins produce quite characteristic whistles but they are not as unique as those of Bottlenose dolphins In Pacific region characteristic whistles are produced by False killer whales Irrwaddy dolphins Bottlenose dolphins Shot finned dolphins Pantropical spotted dolphins and Pacific Fraser s dolphins Unfortunately not all dolphins produce unique whistles what makes the classification process relatively hard to perform Very
82. in Secondly we developed a software routine to be located in file OnOffResetHercules c which carries out the following steps e set up external interrupt as a high priority interrupt e setup TimerO interrupt on overflow as a high priority interrupt e incase of external interrupt the routine resets timer e in case of TimerO interrupt the routine pulls down voltage on RB3 pin for 200ms which means a reset signal for the Hercules Board The periodical signal live signal is provided from main computer every 18 seconds If the external interrupt pin RBO doesn t detect any modification of voltage level during 18 seconds internal timerO of the microcontroller overflows and triggers its interrupt Appendix 12 4 10 SHT73 temperature and humidity sensor The SHT73 sensor was chosen because of its features Relative humidity and temperature sensors Dew point Fully calibrated digital output Excellent long term stability No external components required Ultra low power consumption Surface mountable or 4 pin fully interchangeable Small size Automatic power down 25 Fig 61 Humidity and temperature Sensor SHT73 67 A photo of SHT73 sensor is shown in Fig 61 Depending on needs and designer opinion the choice was made between the SMD chip and a through hole device After much consideration the trough hole device was chosen The main advantage of this sensor is that in a single chip there are
83. in battery to 1 Ground l calculate the consumption It should 2 Proportional voltage between 5V Current sensing PA8 2 give a voltage proportional from O to to OV that represents the current 5V consumption of the whole system m SEBES main battery in case of emergency 2 5V 3 Ground Power supply from the main battery 1 Ground 1 Ground Enable and data signals needed for 2 Digital control signal from PIC D microcontroller VI Powersupply Powersupply of the Hercules board Vil Powersupply _ Powersupplyoftheaccesspoint 1 Digital control signal from PIC Signal that is able to disconnect the microcontroller 3 the RF module to execute the rescues microcontroller signal 3 Digital control signal from PIC Enable Signal V V l X 149 control the Hercules power state microcontroller 2 Ground RS232 communications protocol 1 PC Rx X RS232 PA3 3 between the Hercules and the PC Tx watchdog Ground Periodical signal from the Hercules TOR Pc activity signal Live sensing board to know the state of the Ground programs running on Ethernet communications between Ethernet the Hercules and the access point IMCLR VPP XIII Programming Vdd Target Vss Ground ICSPDAT PGD ICSPCLK PGC PIC Kit 3 programming port Is the signal that we get from the hydrophone which is under the water captinwiegjweg Hydrophone signal That is
84. ined results 73 4 15 1 Software simulation of the hardware step using Proteus environment 74 A EES 76 lee e 77 2 17 Concl sions and TUrthet Soa Acide accented iio 77 Marketing oP OE 79 S l G atand Arm Ot tnis PO eri tit 79 5 2 MCFOOUCTION Merc 79 52I NOISE DONUWOR a Eege 79 5 9 teg EI E E 80 SS LOAN CAU a oda 80 5 3 2 EMPIOVECS OF the lar aca 81 5 3 3 Objectives aha INISSION ss iso 82 A NJC EOOD en ETE 82 5 2 5 M rketingo PX cct iet p NDA CHER NOR id 82 EE 84 A 84 DLL ECONO Ee 84 543 POMC OI UIC addon 88 514 Customer ANOS Sida ido 88 509 WO Ts anal 92 EE d e beten o 92 EE 92 O ODO RANES aaa amo 92 DA HOES A A ii iia 93 Renee lat Laien dies wedvedvenetenses Ru UR PEEQUE 93 HOLA COPIE 93 545 2 Sth tegic OOUON EE 94 SOSSE GIG ODLION S PHP 95 EE EE 95 57 1 AA A EP TR 96 DAZ Leen MOER uee edna 97 RE A AA KOL A sebastien EE IM MIL ER E MR IS USE I EE 98 COMICS EE E 99 A ER EE E D S o E 100 eieiei Le tege E 100 Datasheets and KT tte coa 101 WER DIES dls 101 A A 104 Appendix 1 Geographic location table 104 Appendix 2 Whistle parameter comparison graphs occcccnoccnnonnccnnonnnonnnonacnnnnnnonononanonoss 114 Appendix 3 Autodesk Algor Buoy data 125 Appendix 4 MES RIKS Analysis report 126 Appendix 5 Interrupt control registers ooooncnnconoccnnnnacnnnonanonnnnanonnnonaronnnnnncnnonononnncnnonnnonos 140 Appendix 6 SPI control registers iti cue doelend IB CHIEN
85. ing requirements Table 45 SPI serial peripheral interface timing Value Se ax Min 125 5 10 5 15 ns 7 tv SO SDO valid output time th SO SDO output hold time tdis SO SDO output disable time Table 46 Accelermeter control register number 1 CTRL REG1 20h PD1 Poo DFi Dro ST Zen Yen Xen Power Down Control PD1 PD 00 power down mode 01 10 11 device on DF1 DFO Decmation Factor Control 143 00 decimate by 512 01 decimate by 128 10 decimate by 32 11 decimate by 8 0 normal mode 1 self test active O axis off 1 axis on Y acis enable 0 axis off 1 axis on X acis enable 0 axis off 1 axis on Table 47Accelerometer control register number 2 CTRL REG2 21h BOOT DRDY Full Scale selection FS 0 2g 1 6 BDU Block Data Update 0 continuous update 1 output registers not updated between MSB and LSB reading Big Little Endian selection 0 little endian 1 big endian T Reboot memory content Interrupt Enable 0 data ready on RDY pad 1 Interrupt events on RDY pad s 0 4 wire interface 1 3 wire interface DAS Data Alignament Selection 0 12 bit right justified 1 16 bit left justified Table 48 Status Register STATUS_REG 27h YDA XDA Table 49 OUTX_L 28h x axis acceleration LSB Table 50 OUTX_H 29h x axis acceleration MSB 144 Table 51 OUTY_L 2Ah y axis acceleration LSB Table 52 OUTY_H
86. iod 53 Another example is seaborne transportation in other words shipping According to HELCOM around 2000 ships are normally at sea at any time on the Baltic Sea 54 The expectations are that this form of transportation will increase by 40 by the year 2017 86 The last example article is about important progress in field of the legislation Environment group IFAW posted on March 15 2010 an article with the title Senator John Kerry introduces legislation to protect whales With this action the Senator John Kerry D MA shows his commitment towards environmental conservations The International Whale Conservation and Protection Act of 2010 addresses major threats to whales including commercial whaling ship strikes entanglement in fishing gear ocean noise and climate change and reasserts the U S as a leader in whale conservation Jeff Flocken DC Office Director of IFAW hopes that other Senators will follow after this step Elements of the legislation include e Promoting international efforts to conserve and protect the world s whales throughout their range e Strengthening the whale conservation and protection efforts of relevant international organizations including the United Nations Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals the International Whaling Commission IWC the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES and the International Maritime Organization
87. iods can be fatal 9 Also in the knowledge and understanding of the acoustic sounds made by marine mammals the LAB can help to avoid whale and ship collisions thus preventing serious injury or death of the mammals concerned Our project has been broken down into four subsections dictated by the knowledge and enthusiasms of the students within the group Electronics lon Hustiuc Felix Hill The electronic section of the AAB project will design and implement a watchdog that will monitor both the physical and software condition of the Hercules board This is the core of the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy operating both the power supply module and the watchdog itself Marketing Samantha van den Berg The marketing section is responsible for designing a plan to enter the AAB on the global market Bioacoustic Analysis Maciej Ditrych The Bioacoustic analysis section will examine and classify different sounds produced by dolphins these sounds are formally known as whistles CAD Simulation Andrea Johnson The Buoy will be simulated in a variety of situations in order to test its behaviour in the marine environment In conjunction with research and analysis done by both the Laboratory of Bioacoustics Application sand EPS students the AAB can provide the key to a sustainable solution for the protection of cetaceans against human activities in the marine environment 10 2 Dolphin whistle Analysis 2 1 Introduction Traditionally dol
88. is an important advantage of direct marketing The LAB could send potential customers a letter with information about the solution they offer to protect the marine environment against ocean noise This letter should be sent including with the flyer of the AAB also with a request to come to their company to give a short presentation about the product and what the advantages are for the company The presentation is an example of personal sales An important advantage of personal sales is the opportunity to customize the story to the needs of the customer answer their question immediately and take away their uncertainties 5 6 2 Strategic option 2 W1 T2 Avoid or pull back W1 Not yet a price definition for the AAB T2 It is hard to get attention from companies Nowadays it is hard to get attention from companies especially from big companies who are operating worldwide Without complete information it is even harder to get their attention Before further contact with companies it is recommended to define a price for the AAB There are two different price strategies that are recommended for the LAB Skimming pricing and penetration pricing Skimming pricing means that the product would be introduced on the market with a high price As soon as the sales are decreasing the price would be slightly reduced Penetration pricing is the opposite Firstly the product 94 is introduced into the market with a low price to attract customers Afterwar
89. is com Terms index htm 05 03 2010 5 3 Internal analysis 5 3 1 Organisation The need to control sea noise that is made by human activities in order to protect the cetaceans in the marine environment has resulted in the development of the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy The AAB records and samples acoustic signals found in the 80 marine environment and then delivers them through a wireless connection to a computer Scientists are then able to analyse the received information The Laboratori d Aplicacions Bioac stiques LAB is an organisation which has desires to sell the technique of the AAB to other companies in order to aid in the protection of the ocean environment The LAB was created with a grant from the Spanish Ministry and support from the city Vilanova i la Geltr A group of scientists are working together to increase awareness of the acoustic degradation of the marine habitat in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic At this moment the organisation has thirteen employees Although the final decision should be made by the director of the LAB Michel Andr each employee has their own activities and responsibilities Most of the activities which are needed to provide in the objective of the company are carried out by employees of the LAB themselves Activities include the following research design acoustic identification of marine mammals developing of methods for processing and automatic classification of hydrophone reco
90. ite protocol CS is the Serial Port Enable and it is controlled by the SPI master It is low at the start of the transmission and goes back high at the end SPC is the Serial Port Clock and it is controlled by the SPI master It is stopped high when CS is high no transmission SDI and SDO are respectively the Serial Port Data Input and Output Those lines are driven at the falling edge of SPC and should be captured at the rising edge of SPC Both the Read Register and Write Register commands are completed in 16 clock pulses or in multiple of 8 in case of multiple byte read write Bit duration is the time between two falling edges of SPC The first bit bit O starts at the first falling edge of SPC after the falling edge of CS while the last bit bit 15 bit 23 starts at the last falling edge of SPC just before the rising edge of CS bit 0 RW bit When O the data DI 7 0 is written into the device When 1 the data DO 7 0 from the device is read In latter case the chip will drive SDO at the start of bit 8 bit 1 MS bit When O the address will remain unchanged in multiple read write commands When 1 the address will be auto incremented in multiple read write commands bit 2 7 address AD 5 0 This is the address field of the indexed register bit 8 15 data DI 7 0 write mode This is the data that will be written into the device MSb first bit 8 15 data DO 7 0 read mode This is the data that will be read from the device M
91. iven in Table 35 Appendix 10 RH aor Ci Co x SOpy C3 X SOZ RH 5 4 11 5 Temperature compensation of Humidity Signal For temperatures significantly different from 25 C 77 F the humidity signal requires temperature compensation The temperature correction corresponds roughly to 0 12 RH C at 50 RH Coefficients for the temperature compensation are given in Table 37 RA true Toc s 25 X t4 T t5 X SOrn RHiinear 6 4 11 6 Dew point computation SHT73 is not measuring dew point directly However dew point can be derived from humidity and temperature readings Since humidity and temperature are both measured on the same monolithic chip the SHT73 allows superb dew point measurements For dew point Td calculations there are various formulas to be applied most of them quite complicated For the temperature range of 40 50 C the following approximation provides good accuracy with parameters given in table below Lesch Tos m in ET 7 mo TA PE T RH T T x Table 14 Parameters for dew point calculation Temperature Range Tn C m Above water O 50 C 243 12 17 62 Above ice 40 0 C 272 62 22 46 This task is not implemented yet however it could be a good starting point for the future development of the AAB 4 12 Power sensing Another task that we have to face is that of power consumption monitoring For this approach it was decided to use an Analogue to Digital converter module of the
92. k to design a marketing plan with the aim of creating a strategy with which to introduce the AAB onto the market Last year the marketing part of the Project was started Students of the 2009 project group have collected and maintained information about the company and its product and in addition have also developed a leaflet Taking this into account it is the aim of the 2010 team to further advance the design of a strategy to enter the market 5 2 Introduction Ocean noise has always existed in both natural and biological forms However in recent years a large increase in artificial sound pollution sources has become a threat to its balance Cetaceans can be considered as bio indicators of the acoustic balance in the oceans To gain knowledge about their way of perceiving and communicating in the environment it is important to investigate in the conservation of the marine ecosystems and the development of sustainable human activities It is difficult to find financial support because the effects of noise pollution on the marine environment have not yet been completely implemented in national programs At the moment the financial support is from private sources to guarantee continuation of this research The development of a sustainable marine environment concerns everyone With some support we can implement solutions from science and applied research in order to bring back the important acoustic balance to the sea 39 5 2 1 Noise pollu
93. le extraction gam extracted whistle 1 5 1 4 13 Finally the Fig 13 represents the estimated and fitted contour of E 12 extracted whistle 2 gt 3 1 1 1 0 4 0 8 0 1 0 2 03 D4 Us 06 OF de 08 1 time s Fig 13 Whistle estimated contour 2 3 2 Results From a total of ten whistles analysed only two were of adequate quality in order to perform whistle extraction This is because nearly all samples contained unwanted sounds or simply noise in the frequency range of the whistle Such noise makes it impossible to carry out the extraction of the whistle and as a result the extracted pattern is that of the noise Fig 14 Another fact that influences the analysis could be the strength whistle signal which in itself was relatively low 24 x 10 LT frequency Hz ba 0 2 0 4 11000 10000 anu HOUD FER Hs spectrogram 0 6 Up 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 5 time s 0 4 0 6 0 5 1 1 2 1 4 Fig 14 Figure at the top is an example of a sample which cannot be analysed Because of too many sound waves in the frequency range of a whistle it makes it impossible to extract the whistle The red color in the bottom of spectrogram indicates frequency ran From the two whistle samples that gave relatively positive results the whistle contour was extracted and also frequency and time parameters of whistle were received i e duration mean frequency minimum and maximum frequency and the start and end point Extracted whistle contou
94. le to travel further Lower frequency clicks don t contain detailed information this can help to explain why dolphins increase the frequency of click s as they move closer to an object 2 1 5 Burst Pulse Sounds Barks mews chirps and pops these are the group of sounds categorised as Burst pulsed sounds The reason why dolphins use them is not known for sure but it is believed that they produce such sounds under emotional duress e when they are angry frustrated frightened or upset These sounds are mainly directed towards other dolphins humans or inanimate objects 15 2 2 Dolphin whistle research In order to perform the analysis and classification of the recordings provided by LAB a complete research on dolphin whistles was first carried out This was completed using scientific reports and publications available online as well as sound parameters in particular time and frequency characteristics of different whistles that were extracted and gathered along with the geographic location maps Because dolphins even ones of the same species in different locations produce sounds of various parameters the research part has been divided into two main categories These categories are that of whistles produced by Pacific region dolphin and whistles produced by Atlantic region dolphins The Pacific region section contains whistle information about species from the northern part of Australia to the Eastern Coast of North America in the Pacific
95. lenose dolphin 16 Value 1 4 11 2 9 7 4 17 2 SD 0 7 4 6 3 7 2 2 3 1 Short beaked common Value 0 8 9 8 11 4 7 4 13 6 dolphin 16 sp 0 4 3 9 3 9 2 3 3 4 False killer whale 16 Value 0 4 5 2 5 8 4 7 6 1 SD 0 2 2 2 1 5 1 2 L5 Pantropical spotted Value 0 9 9 5 15 3 8 2 18 7 dolphin 16 sp 0 4 2 9 5 2 1 7 3 Long beaked common Value 0 7 10 1 14 1 JJ 1575 dolphin 16 sp 0 4 3 9 4 5 2 2 4 2 Short finned pilot Value 0 4 4 4 5 5 3 6 6 1 whale 16 sp 0 3 3 1 4 3 2 3 4 2 Rough tooth Value 0 6 6 8 8 5 6 3 9 1 dolphin 16 sp 0 4 2 9 3 1 2 5 3 Striped dolphin 16 Value 0 8 10 2 12 8 1 14 8 SD 0 3 3 7 2 8 1 6 3 5 Spinner dolphin 16 Value 0 6 10 4 12 4 9 1 13 7 SD 0 4 3 4 3 6 2 5 3 5 Pacific Fraser s Value 0 46 11 9 13 9 11 14 9 dolphin 17 sp 0 7 2 9 3 5 2 3 0 23 Irrawaddy dolphin 18 Value 0 2 4 5 41 3 2 4 2 SD 0 02 2 6 2 1 1 2 1 1 Value 0 3 4 3 3 3 1 4 2 SD 0 01 1 7 1 3 1 4 1 4 In order to find and extract specific features of whistles produced by a particular specie it is reasonable to present the above parameters in a graphical way in order to compare them It is not always easy to extract some characteristic features from obtained data Moreover if there will be a sufficient amount of whistle samples that will be taken to analysis it will be possible to use the following graphs for the classification process All of the comparison graphs of whistle parameters are included in Appendix 1 18 ded E a rw Sun 0 ad Un 10
96. lon headed Whale Sousa chinensis Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa plumbea Indian Humpback Dolphin Stenella clymene Clymene Dolphin 2 2 2 Whistle parameters The Next step of the research phase was the extraction of data with regards to the whistle characteristics for individual species All of the gathered parameters are presented in the tables below The following characteristics were taken into account duration mean frequency minimum and maximum frequency and finally the start and end point of the whistle Table 2 Whistle parameter table for Atlantic region section Specie name mean duration start end point min max frequency s point kHz frequency frequency kHz kHz kHz kHz Bottlenose mean 9 485 0 71 8 886 8 612 6 421 12 719 dolphin 14 sp 2 337 0 4 3 157 3 47 1 684 3 949 Risso s mean 10 877 0 65 1175 11 877 8 287 14 652 dolphin 14 sp 2 35 0 36 3 929 3 522 2 027 3 27 Striped mean 10 906 0 73 9 994 11 819 7 868 15 163 dolphin 14 sp 2 116 0 35 4 039 3 797 1 843 3 611 Common mean 10 475 0 47 10 912 11 919 8 527 13 149 dolpin 14 sp 1 827 0 29 3 526 2 9 1 942 2 696 Atlantic mean 10 9 0 44 7 1 14 5 spotted sp 2 0 3 1 5 2 5 dolphin 15 Short beaked mean 11 91 0 62 11 96 12 08 9 61 14 53 common sD 2 17 0 349 3 41 3 21 2 19 3 13 dolphin 13 17 Table 3Whistle parameter table for pacific region section Specie name Duration Start End point Minimum Maximum s point kHz frequency Frequency kHz kHz kHz Bott
97. ltilinear KinematicHardening eq 8 Mooney Rivlin eq 9 Ogden eq 105 Viscoelastic Mooney Rivlin eq 106 Viscoelastic Ogden Number of Different Sets of Material NPAR 16 1 Number of Material Constants per Set NPAR 17 0 Nodal Rotation Coordinate Guidance Vector Number Direction Cosines 1 1 0000 0 0000 0 0000 2 0 0000 1 0000 0 0000 Material Properties Group No 1 Mass Density 1 3137E 09 Young s Modulus E 2 3787E 03 138 Poisson s Ratio Nu 3 7000E 01 Shear Shape Factor Fs 1 2000E 00 Shear Modulus G 7 8523E 02 Element Thickness Data Node01 Node02 Node03 Node04 Set 1 1 035E 01 1 035E 01 1 035E 01 1 035E 01 3 D Shell element data suppressed use PRELE to print Maximum hits per equation EQN 85801 403 Nonzero entries estimated in upper triangle matrix 15924204 BCSLIB EXT Sparse Solver for Models with Actuator Pulley Slider Solution State Parameters 2 mTOT maxSizeA mUSE mFRE 8 Bytes 0 2047418 0 0 mGK doubles 14563683 2 of Physical Memory ISPARSE iPACK iCHOP kLIN iSTAT IMASS 5 0 0 1 0 0 maxK kLEVEL nrestart KSTEP KEXIT iRUN 1 1 0 0 0 0 n step n case nste ext totalT dtO 0 0 0 1 200000000000000E 02 1 000000000000000E 00 Initial condition list in nodeH suppressed use PRINI to print Time integration information suppressed use PRTIME to print BCSLIB EXT solver memory status in core mem
98. mable Filtering Circuit PFC After this step the information will be sent to the Hercules Board a computer which is installed in the AAB This computer controls the gain and cut off frequencies of the PFC Beside that the Hercules Board will sample and sent the recorded signals to a computer through a wireless internet 82 connection After receiving the signals from the AAB the employees of the LAB can study the information 3 Input from Hydrophone Fig 74 Basic Block diagram of the AAB Source Final report AAB for the EPS 2008 2009 The Autonomous Acoustic Buoy is a new product on the market in other words the product is at the orientation stage of the product life cycle An advantage of this stage is that there aren t many competitors on the market Although it is important to bring the product to the next stage in the product life cycle through its disclosure to potential customers As result of this disclosure sales will increase and will take the product to the next stage known as growth A promotion campaign is very effective at this stage of the cycle Product Industry Life Cycle stages Profit Maturity Introduction Fig 75 Product Life Cycle stages 83 At the moment the product is ready for sale although the company is still making further improvements to the system 5 3 5 2 Price The company have not yet decided the price 5 3 5 3 Place The Autonomous acoustic buoy is a product t
99. mel e e zwem NI mz 0 H Time 0 5 La Unt Systema Llztztztztztztztz ATTI 2 TESEEEESS AO CA RAA pei 29999 a SA AFET EI 3H TT 9075555 zou HEL EER T 23 Time Step 0 of 20 Pla Plan d died P a EF sertatio ned Sh cement Maximum Value O N mm 2 Minimum Value 0 N mm 2 3 Design Scenario 3 Fig 34 Von mises stress analysis 45 Settings were changed to show the buoy under a variety of stresses and strains From this images could be exported O Elle Edit Selection View Results Results Options Inquire Display Options Animation Utilities Tools Window Help Oss n Me o gas 00005008 ESA Marra Doepe e eeBee ans xn te PPPN oe Ae MAMA AND sE e qo Maximum stress ES Daplay Unts lt E ARA Tx E levels can also be R eerder 6210528156348813 pu E acertained from the Hee gt software Bb 7 lt BOUY FINAL Bb 8 lt BOUY FINAL Ba Contact Defaut Bon rz E ta ut EL file Edit Selection View Results Results Options inquire Display Options Animation Uilities Tools Window Help oe A SAL ANA aod m eer d mA Berri TY wc eege H a at Mmm fr ppp OK Mm ep As ms sei D Pg G t In addition graphs are produced using given values HHHHH Hun D sees sh daret T V TE oO ue dt D ie vt Fig 35 Graph showing von mises stress analysis 3 5 8 2
100. mm Ze wen 1 Z5206E 02 42514E 02 4 1323E 0 2 4234E 144ME 03 958535E 2 02 1 6063E 03 8 2827E 02 3 7 MSSE 2 22806E 02 10568E 0 2285 E 03 27580 2371E Q 25577E 02 48465E 02 10128E 05 10594E 05 38211E NE E e zx Judd Fig 17 Autodesk Algor datasheet production 3 4 1 Submerged volume Submerged volume total displacement density of water density of water 62 5 Ib ft 3 fresh or 64 Ib ft 3 salt 1pound 4 44822162825N So 1519 6 Newton s 341 61966893638277 Pounds 341 61966893638277 64 5 34ft 3 4 2 Capsize Screening Formula Capsize Screening Formula Beam Displacement 64 Displacement is in Pounds Beam is measured in Feet The weight of the boat used in the calculations is taken from data produced from the autodesk algor software This is without any extra weight used to enhance the stability of the buoy 1200mm 3 937007874012 ft 1519 6 Newton s 341 61966893638277 Pounds 3 937007874012 341 61966893638277 64 3 937007874012 5 337807327 0 737570248 2 25 A value 2 means that the buoy may not be stable therefore the result shown above may means that the boat may be vulnerable to capsizing As changing the shape of the buoy is not an option changing the weight of the buoy will now investigated in order 36 to establish how the stability of the vessel is affected by this It is also not an option to make the buoy lighter as the structure has al
101. mputed data A 10 bit resolution conversion of power consumption with 1 LSb error was also obtained Acceleration obtained using a 14 bit resolution has no error besides factory errors The reason that makes us to believe that there is no error is the fact that the interface between accelerometer and microcontroller is fully digital 4 16 Versatility The watchdog was designed in such a way that it would be versatile In the persuit of this goal the printed circuit board has following features e Unused pins of the microcontroller were placed aside with a specific type of connectors e The pins can be used to connect new devices to the printed circuit e As the logical consequence of the preview feature is programmed in a certain way the microcontroller is able to perform other functions These functions will trigger an external device using the unused pins e To connect the peripheral devices to the printed circuit board specific sockets are used Usually the sockets are universal and are compatible with other devices 4 17 Conclusions and further goals Most embedded systems that include high integration peripherals have some sort of built in Watchdog This is also the case with the Hercules board in the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy It has to be avoided apart from in the most cost sensitive or benign systems Internal units offer minimal protection from rogue code and don t offer any protection against external factors as optimal working co
102. n 114 Frequency kHz 16 00 14 00 12 00 10 00 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 00 gt gt gt gt J i 13 02 IU AAA ft 11 82 uH u A nn 1 Zi pu E qoo TEA eue 3 90 KH 2 5 0 KEEN l Bottlenose dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Atlantic spotted Short beaked dolphin dolphin Fig 77 Whistle mean frequency values with their SD values considered for Atlantic region section 115 Frequency kHz 18 00 16 00 14 00 12 00 10 00 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 00 A rd AAA A 1 EE Be A NN Dec eee ll A A AA scc A A AA G O AM A LI 1175 js 401 E A AA CA A A A MAN O OO A A NEE 9 AB le 4 O AM gt gt gt NE DESS eT Bottlenose dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Short beaked dolphin Fig 78 Whistle start point values with their SD values considered for Atlantic region section 116 Frequency kHz 18 00 16 00 14 00 12 00 10 00 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 00 D XJ mM iS O Se C J OQ OQ mM mM 00 N EE EE O END LGA AAA E BE SE A SG PEA A EE 9 02 J8a6 Ll e Co ooo OO da AS a En A E e A AAA Bottlenose dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Fig 79 Whistle end point values with their SD values considered for Atlantic region section 117 D o Short beaked dolphin Frequency kHz 14 00 12 00
103. n users can modify value on the pins changing PORT or LAT registers value Temp amp HumidCalculation c AnalogToDigital c OnOffResetHercules c Accelerometer c Fig 60 Software structure 66 Because the microcontroller PIC18F4525 has to control different types of peripheral devices such as sensors which have their own memory and their own registers it was decided to create another header file e g StatusRegister h This file contains information related to the desired information at the time in the internal registers of peripheral devices 4 9 Live signal The PIC18F4525 device has multiple interrupt sources and an interrupt priority features that allow most interrupt sources to be assigned a high priority level or a low priority level The high priority interrupt vector is at 0008h and the low priority interrupt vector is at 0018h High priority interrupt events will interrupt any low priority interrupts that may be in progress datasheet For this purpose only high priority interrupts are used namely external interrupt and timer O on an overflow interrupt These two interrupts are controlled by two SFR registers INTCON and INTCON2 Appendixe 5 Firstly we dedicated two pins of the microcontroller RD3 and RB3 through which reset signals were to be sent in addition to power off on signals These pins are linked to the J7 utility connector from Hercules Board Hercules J7 connector has a reset pin and a power on off p
104. nd worldwide in the shallower seas for the most part in close proximity to continental shelves It is a common belief that Dolphins are one of the most intelligent animals in the world and in addition they have got very friendly appearance This in turn makes them very popular among humans Although sounds produced by Dolphins primarily originate underwater they are also able to produce sounds in the air Dolphins produce sounds in air by releasing air from their blowholes In this way sound patterns are controlled by dolphins grate muscles by changing the shape of these they can alter the sound patterns produced Sounds which are produced underwater are generated inside the dolphin s head underneath the blowhole without air escaping from the blowhole itself Two hypotheses can be found about the production of these under water sounds e The first such hypothesis and the most popular is called the nasal sac theory This hypothesis states that sounds are produced in three pairs of air sacks located under the blowhole When dolphins breathe in their blowholes are closed and air returns from the lungs into the channel leading to the blowhole and into one or more of the air sacs The air is inflated into the sacs then it is forced out of the air sac and over the nasal plug which is located just at the opening of each air sac resulting in sound production L pe s s Fig 2 Air sack location www dosits org images dosits dolphin2222
105. ndition Runaway software may reprogram the watchdog controller and in addition many internal watchdogs will not generate a proper reset therefore any failure of the processor will make it impossible to put the hardware into a safe state An efficient watchdog must be independent of the CPU it is trying to protect For this reason the external watchdog was designed for the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy The device will monitor the buoys operating conditions ensuring that weather conditions and power supply do not impede or restrict the operations of the Hercules board 77 For the further development of the Watchdog it is recommended that the microcontroller s facilities are utilised The first point is to take advantage of the USART port not only for transmitting information but also for receiving information By receiving data the software program which triggers the microcontroller can save information into its internal data memory and afterwards use it to write internal registers of the device in order to modify its functionality Secondly it is strongly suggested that the remainder of the analogue to digital channels of the microcontroller are used by the addition of analogical sensors 78 5 Marketing plan 5 1 Goal and Aim of this project As previously mentioned the 2010 team is the third group to work with the LAB on the AAB project Our main task is to further develop the design and functionality of the AAB In addition it is also our tas
106. ne N mm No thermal Data None No No No Calculated 1s Combined Newton 15 Displacement 1e 4 1e 15 Line Search Convergence Tolerance Number of Time Steps Between Iterations Number of Time Steps Between Reforming Stiffness Matrix Time Integration Methods Suggested for Type of Analysis Parameter for MES Integration Method First Parameter for LS Integration Method Second Parameter for LS Integration Method Output interval Starting Time for Event Interval to save restart data Resume from Step Resume Extend Run Time Step Number Extension Use A Constant Time Step Size Decrease Trigger Rate of convergence Decrease Trigger Allow for Non monotonic convergence Decrease Trigger Compressed Elements Decrease Trigger High Solution Tolerance Time Step Change Factor 128 0 5 Static NLS LS 0 50 0 25 Os Last step only No No Unknown Value Yes No Yes Increase Trigger Number of Convergent Time Steps 4 Increase Trigger Increment to Number of Convergent Time Steps Apply Rayleigh Damping No Mass related Rayleigh Damping Coeeficient 0 05 Stiffness related Rayleigh Damping Coefficient 0 05 Direction of Centrifugal Load Axis Between Two Points Centrifugal Load Curve Multiplier 1 mm s Centrifugal Rotation RPM Load Curve Number for Centrifugal Load 1 X Coordinate of First Point of Axis 0 mm Y Coordinate of First Point of Axis 0 mm Z Coordinate
107. nents this will be effected by buoy weight Angle of vanishing Point at which the buoy can tip and still right itself Buoyancy Will it Float 3 4 Theoretical calculations Displacement 64 Displacement is in Pounds Beam is measured in Feet 76 Screening Stability Value SSV Beam BR HD DV 3 BR Ballast Ratio Keel Weight Total Weight HD Hull Draft DV The Displacement Volume in cubic meters DV is entered as pounds of displacement on the webpage and converted to cubic meters by the formula Displacement Volume in Cubic Meters Weight in Pounds 64 0 0283168 Angle of Vanishing Stability approximately equals 110 400 SSV 10 77 Assuming full submersion Force of Buoyancy Fs Vol xgw 78 Formulas that are commonly used in boat design are typically expressed in imperial format In order to use these formulas accurately but also produce relevant and analysable results will be converting metric data from the buoy into imperial to carry out the calculations before converting it back to analysable metric data Data calculated by Autodesk Algor Software appendix 3 and from technical drawings produced in Solidworks will be used to carry out the theoretical calculations formulae as detailed in the research section 35 l File Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Tools Window Help Oss SA by 12205504 kr 17406804 bz 3 0639 04 Xe pre Ve
108. ntroller analogical channel 0 4 4 2 6 Accelerometer The main core of the accelerometer module is the LIS3LVO2DL This is a three axes digital output linear accelerometer that also includes a sensing element and an IC interface This interface is able to take the information from the sensing element and in addition to provide the measured acceleration signals to the external world through an I2C SPI serial interface Fig 49 LIS3LVO2DL package As this device see Fig 49 is sold in a smd package that is really difficult to solder the UMO395 adapter board has been selected who to provide an effective solution This is necessary as the LIS3LVO2DL accelerometer is already soldered to a PCB with a pin array output that fits with the DIP standard see Fig 50 58 Fig 50 Adapted board for the accelerometer In Fig 51 we can see the electronic connections of the accelerometer module The accelerometer is linked to the microcontroller using the ADG3304 voltage adapter The operation of this device is explained previously in section b LIS3LVO2DL C19 10nF IC ADG3304 Fig 51 Accelerometer module 4 4 2 7 LAN activity This module consists of a simple input port PA2 see Fig 52 which is directly connected to the PIC microcontroller The periodical signal that comes from the Hercules board is plugged into this The periodical signal in question is generated by a program that is used to run the Hercules therefore if the
109. o re Be CHE uda Su CEU Qe UR 140 Appendix 7 USART control registers ococconorccnonacionenaononconorinnonariononasiononnaronconaricnonasiononas 140 Appendix ER ele EE 141 Appendix 9 List of commands and status register description of the SHT73 142 Appendix 10 Conversion coefficients used in humidity and temperature computation A A added besten 143 Appendix 11 Accelerometer control registers and timing requirements 143 Appendix 12 Software block dIagFalmi ss isse Manin ws 146 Appendix 13 Detail port description of the full hardware buoy system 149 Appendix 14 Watchdog BOard EE 152 Appendix Lo RE eg components cd da 156 Appendix 16 Schematle En 158 Appendix 17 Organization Chartis se orf id rro err rto rp Fo eer od exte rS dida 159 Appendix 18 Contact information companies cccooccccncnnccnncnnnonnnonaconnnnaconnonanonnonononnnonaronnnnas 160 1 Introduction Over four and a half months Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC in collaboration with Laboratori d Aplicacions Bioacustiques LAB has organised the third edition of European Project Semester 2010 EPS The purpose of this course is to provide a project by the collaborative work of international students This is carried out in a multicultural environment at the same time bringing students into contact with real tasks performed in professional situations 43 The company for which the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy AAB proje
110. of First Point of Axis 0 mm X Coordinate of Second Point on Axis 0 mm Y Coordinate of Second Point on Axis 0 mm Z Coordinate of Second Point on Axis 0 mm Time Step Data In Output File No Equation Numbers Data in Output File No Element Stiffness In Output File No Global Stiffness In Output File No 129 Displacement of Nodes In Output File Velocity of Nodes In Output File Acceleration of Nodes In Output File Element Input Data in Output File Nodal Input Data in Output File Initial Condition Input Data In Output File Printout Blocks Output To File Mass Representation Matrix Reform Interval Within Each Time Step Maximum Stiffness Reformations Per Interval Number of Time Steps Between Reforming Stiffness Matrix Avoid Bandwidth Optimization Bandwidth Optimization Method Convergence tolerance Maximum Number of Iterations Number of processors Run Static Analysis Table 22 Load curve information Load Curve 1 Type Time 130 No No No No No No No Lumped No Single Body 1E 6 1000 All Yes Load Curve 1 Index 1 Time 0 Load Curve 1 Index 1 Multiplier 0 Load Curve 1 Index 2 Time 1 Load Curve 1 Index 2 Multiplier 1 Table 23 Part Information Part ID Part Name Element Type Material Name 1 BOUY FINAL Counter weight Shell Plastic Polycarbonate Molded 2 BOUY FINAL finalmast Default Shell Plastic Polycarbonate Molded 3 BOUY FINAL finalmast Default Shell Pl
111. of the simulation project The buoy has been drawn in CAD Solidworks by the 2009 EPS team however to date no simulations have been performed The buoy will be simulated using CAD software in order to assess its behaviour within the marine environment 3 1 Research 3 1 1 Environment The ocean environment is one of varied conditions The buoy must be able to withstand any of these which do not fall outside the norm This includes wind speeds sea currents waves and of course normal weather elements such as Sun and Rain 71 75 The buoy s stability should be adequate to survive full ocean storms even when the buoy will be used primarily in the near coastal marine environment as this will increase its usability 3 1 2 Consequences Short circuits leakage currents and high voltage flash over will occur if water comes into contact with the electric circuit in the buoy This will cause the buoy to fail The buoy may suffer permanent damage or at the very least be unable to record sound for a period of time Therefore it is important to ensure that not only the hub is fully insulated giving the components protection from wave splashes but also that the buoy will not become overturned or submerged 3 1 3 Simulations In order to progress with the project it is important to establish exactly what will need to be simulated and what information facilities are required to do this Waterline Exact size and mass must first be calcula
112. often one sample of whistle is not enough to classify whistle to a specie because the parameters extracted can be imprecise This is why a larger amount of whistles should be analysed and then taken for further process of classification The results of whistle computer analysis shows that it is not possible to extract whistles from all samples From a total of ten samples it was possible to extract only two whistles what states only 20 of samples analysed The efficiency of the process is so low because many whistle samples contained a lot of noise in the frequency range of the whistle In such cases it was impossible to extract whistles from those samples as the only pattern extracted was that of the present noise Moreover some whistles contained many brakes what also resulted in some problems in their extraction especially with the estimation of the whistle contour shape and structure 28 Also the strength of the whistle signal influence its analysis The lower the signal was the harder the extraction was In conclusion for efficient analysis and classification whistle samples have to be strong clear and they cannot contain any noise in the frequency range of the whistle The best way is to record whistles in some areas of limited noise level what is quite hard because of the appearance of many man made sounds like shipping 29 3 CAD Simulation 3 0 Aim The aim of the CAD simulation task is to further advance the current state
113. omparing data with reference values Depending on results of comparison operation the Watchdog has to take the following decisions e Reset the Hercules board e Shut down temporary the Hercules Board e Shut down permanently the Hercules Board e Send rescue signals to the shore ON eee ae In next the figure the time evolution of the software is shown A time of 6 seconds was obtained for an entire cycle Each cycle is divided into three sections see Fig 58 1 Initialization at this point microcontroller is initializing its peripheral devices 2 Data acquisition and computation in this section core of the Watchdog receives data related to temperature humidity acceleration power consumption and current sensing Afterwards data are computed and sent to main computer through USART port 3 Decisions at this point computed data are compared with references and if it is necessary the Watchdog takes decision in terms of reset power off or power on main board 64 LIS3LVO2DL SHT73 RS232 ADC PIC18F4525 Hercules Radio Module Os c _ 9 AS 2 01s 0 1s lage Current m lempersture Send Information Temperature Send Information X axis Send Information Data aquisiton amp computation 2s 2s Reset Power Off 0 c Power On 9 a A o Q SOS 6s 18s NES cad Reset PA Y Y Y Ww Ww
114. ork New York K Adlard Coles and Peter Bruce s editors Adlard Coles Heavy Weather Sailing 30th edition Stability of Yachts in large breaking waves Chapter 2 p11 23 International marine Camden Maine www hydrology rice edu ceve101 Handouts IntroFluids ppt 11 05 10 Autodesk Algor Help Guide 2010 http www hess com company default aspx http www maersk com AboutMaersk WhoWeAre Pages WhoWeAre aspx 103 8 Appendix Appendix 1 Geographic location table Table 17 Geographic location list of species abundance in the Atlantic region section and the corresponding areas of examination of a given specie c ze c O Ke Uv UN O c Qc 4 O ca 104 105 106 107 Table 18 Geographic location list of species abundance in the Pacific region section and the corresponding areas of examination of a given specie Geographic location Area of examination Bottlenose dolphin SE E O o c O c c O O Oo D e U O 42 UN O em Y 108 109 110 111 112 113 Appendix 2 Whistle parameter comparison graphs 1 20 Duration 1 11 1 08 1 00 U 0 97 0 80 0 76 0 74 0 71 0 73 2 dd 0 62 Q E 0 60 0 47 0 40 0 38 0 31 0 29 0 27 0 20 0 18 0 14 0 00 Bottlenose dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Atlantic spotted Short beaked dolphin dolphin Fig 76 Whistle duration values with their SD values considered for Atlantic region sectio
115. ory requirement MB 965 75 minimum memory requirement MB 154 74 user specified memory MB 1046 17 available physical memory MB 1046 17 available virtual memory MB 4699 20 memory currently allocated MB 965 75 Input model name C Users Andrea Desktop life stage 2 ds_data 3 ds Free total disk space 293883 23 MB 464475 02 MB Job started 2010 05 31 16 51 19 Job finished 2010 05 31 18 21 49 Total elapsed time 1 30 30 hours minutes seconds 139 Appendix 5 Interrupt control registers Table 30 INTCON INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER Bit7 Bit O Table 31 INTCON2 INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 2 U 0 RBPU INTEDGO INTEDG1 INTEDG2 TMROIP RSP Appendix 6 SPI control registers Table 32 SSPSTAT MSSP STATUS REGISTER SPI MODE CKP Table 33 SSPCON1 MSSP CONTROL REGISTER 1 a w o R w 0 ro RO RO RO RO RO sve cee ora P s j rw va s Appendix 7 USART control registers Table 34 TXSTA TRANSMT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER TX9 Table 35RCSTA RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER R W 0 R W o R W 0 R W 0 e w o RO Ro J R W x_ RX9 Bit7 Bit O 140 Appendix 8 A D control registers Table 36 PCFG3 PCFGO A D PORT CONFIGURATION CONTROL BITS Table 37 ADCONO A D CONTROL REGISTER O Al cus cus2 cus CHSO GO DONE ADON Table 38 ADCON1 A D CONTROL REGISTER 1 Al vcre verso Pcrc3
116. ounds that were present in the sample In order to obtain a clear extracted whistle frequency was limited from 4 kHz to 20 kHz which is the frequency range of whistles In this range the highest local maxima of PSD values in each time domain were extracted corresponding to the frequency of the whistle returning as plot of the frequency in time domain what was the whistle The final step was to estimate and fit the whistle contour so as to receive the values of frequency and time to be used for further classification This classification process was based on the comparison of the received parameters of the extracted whistles and their comparison with the values in the parameter tables 19 m spectrogram Fig 11 shows a spectrogram of sound sample the red contour represents the whistle The more intensive the color is the stronger the value of the PSD In this case the whistle signal is very strong Frequency Hz and the whistle is not destructed by other sounds 15 1 1 5 Time Fig 11 Whistle spectogram 23 16 L5 14 Fig 12 shows the whistle after extraction Values of the frequency ES corresponding to the highest local maximum value of the PSD was extracted and plotted in time segments Such extracted whistle Frequency Hz still have to many brakes and has to be fitted to produce a continuous line representing the whistle contour 0 9 0 5 O 5D 100 150 200 50 Time segments Fig 12 Whist
117. pendix 4 MES RIKS Analysis report Analysis Autonomous accoustic buoy Author Andrea Johnson Department N A Created Date 31 05 2010 Model Information Analysis Type MES Riks Analysis Units Custom N mm s C K V ohm A J Model location C Users Andrea Desktop life stage 2 fem Design scenario description Design Scenario 3 Analysis Parameters Information Table 20 Multiphysics Information Default Nodal Temperature 0 C Table 21 Processor Information Event Duration Capture Rate 1 s Static Postbuckling and Analysis Type ysis Typ Collapse RIKS Acceleration Due To Body Force 0 mm s X Mutiplier 0 Y Mutiplier 0 Z Mutiplier 1 Load Curve Number for Gravity Load 1 Type of Shell Pressure Loading None 126 Load Curve Number for Shell Pressure Loads Smooth Shell Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure Control for Shell Elements Z Coordinate Datum for Hydrostatic Pressure Weight Density of Fluid Causing Shell Hydrostatic Pressure Nodal Temperature Time Variation Load Curve Index Where On Disk Is Nodal Temperature Data Stored Temperature Data File Output Results of All Time Steps Output Results of All Time Steps With Wall Interaction Calculate and Output Strains Output Reaction Forces Number of time steps Initial Time Step Size Nonlinear Iterative Solution Method Maximum Number of Iterations Convergence Criteria Displacement Tolerance Force Tolerance 127 No No
118. phin s recognition techniques are based on the photographic identification of various obstacles or other groups of dolphins As well as these photographic methods they also use sound identification enabling them to recognize objects for example group size or bottom structure Dolphins are capable of making a wide range of sounds by using their nasal air sacs which are located close to the blowhole In general dolphins are able to produce three types of sounds clicks burst pulsed sounds and finally whistles Dolphins communicate with each other using whistles and burst pulsed sounds however the exact nature and extent of this communication ability is not yet known It is also believed that some dolphin species can identify themselves using a signature whistle Clicks are used for echolocation and primarily occur in short series called click trains The rate of clicks increases as the dolphin is approaching an object of interest Dolphin echolocation clicks are one of the loudest sounds that are produced by marine mammals In recent years noise pollution has become a serious issue affecting marine mammals Anthropogenic sounds man made noise can inhibit a cetacean s ability to navigate find food rest and locate others for protection or mating among a number of other essential activities Man made noise arises from a variety of sources such as oil drilling sonar testing explosives and seismic surveys however the majority of man made sound in t
119. r of Material Constants per Set NPAR 17 0 Nodal Rotation Coordinate Guidance Vector Number Direction Cosines 1 1 0000 0 0000 0 0000 2 0 0000 1 0000 0 0000 Material Properties Group No 1 Mass Density 1 3137E 09 Young s Modulus E 2 3787E 03 Poisson s Ratio Nu 3 7000E 01 Shear Shape Factor Fs 1 2000E 00 Shear Modulus G 7 8523E 02 Element Thickness Data Node01 Node02 Node03 Node04 137 Set 1 9 987E 00 9 987E 00 9 987E 00 9 987E 00 3 D Shell element data suppressed use PRELE to print Element part number Nonlinear 7 3 D Shell Element Definition Type 26 Number of elements NPAR 2 6534 Analysis Type NPAR 3 2 eq 1 Linear or Material Nonlinearity Only eq 2 Total Lagrangian Formulation eq 3 Updated Lagrangian Formulation Max number of nodes for a element NPAR 7 4 Integration Order for Element Stiffness Matrice Rdirecti0N 2 o A ma E Reen ge sce scs serie ac Rb Aor 2 Number of Stress Output Tables NPAR 13 0 eq 0 Output at Integration Points Number of Thickness Tables NPAR 14 1 Material Model NPAR 15 1 eq 1 Linear Elastic Isotropic eq 2 Linear Elastic Orthotropic eq 3 Elasto Plastic with Isotropic Hardening eq 4 Elasto Plastic with Kinematic Hardening eq 5 Elasto plastic with Multlinear IsotropicHardening eq 6 Elasto plastic with Mu
120. r position on the market It will contribute to a better competitive position making company activities more long lasting and also increasing the chance of economic success on the long term 56 Justifying undertaking is crucial to build faith trade and globalisation 57 5 4 3 Political juridical Companies are having a big influence on the environment This influence is the most important reason why they have to conform to a lot of EU environmental restrictions Examples of restrictions are in air quality chemical matter and waste management The EU has setup an environment programme consisting of six aspects to protect the environment The six aspects are e Less pollution e Suppression of climate change e Maintenance of bio diversity e Respecting natural resources e Minimising amount of greenhouse gases expelled e Taking responsibility for the disposal of chemical matter 5 4 4 Customer analysis There are three kinds of businesses which are interesting for the LAB to focus on Firstly the windmill industry 5 4 4 1 Windmill industry Two European innovators worked together to create wind turbines that can float on the ocean s surface One of the innovators is a company from Norway Norsk Hydro and the other one is from Germany Siemens 57 A Norsk Hydro HYDRO Hydro is a Norwegian energy group a major energy producer Hydro s 88 energy expertises are Comprising both energy production and trading Is
121. rdings and finally engineering 5 3 2 Employees of the lab An organization chart for the company can be found in the appendix Appendix 17 Michel Andr Director Josep Maria Alonso Associated researcher Cristina lvarez Baquerizo Specialist of environmental law in particular the communitarian law She is a legal adviser for nature s protection James L Aroyan Associated researcher Joan Vicent Castell Senior scientist Eduard Degollada Associated researcher Joaqu n del R o Acquisition of auditory evoked potentials in cetaceans John C Goold Associated researcher Ludwig Hou gnigan Developing processing techniques Alex Mas Researcher Maria Morell Researcher 81 Marta Nin i Camps Design of scientific exhibits and research divulgation Marta Sole Biologic pathology anatomy Mike van der Schaar Acoustic identification of marine mammals Serge Zaugg Developing methods for processing and automatic classification of hydrophone recordings The actual production of the buoy will be outsourced to two other companies One company is located in Barcelona and the other one in Italy These companies specialise in the production of buoys although not only for the LAB but also for other companies 5 3 3 Objectives and mission The objective of the company is to create a system the AAB which investigates the sound production and reception in animals including man the biological acoustically bo
122. re This is used to monitor the different parts of the buoy As humidity does not need to be monitored in all the places where the temperature is sensed these sensors are not SHT73 they are AD22103 56 apa AD2103 ADMIN Fig 47 Analogical and temperature sensors module The AD22103 is a sensor developed by Analogue Devices It is analogical in nature and contains the signal conditioning within its own chip This device is sold in two different encapsulations TO 92 and SOIC The board is able to work with either of these encapsulations due to the fact that they are both able to link the sensors with the board ports These are shown as PA10 PA11 and PA12 see Fig 47 The sensor has an analogical output proportional to 28mV 2C and a span of 02C to 1002C The typical consumption of the device is 0 5mA and therefore is perfect for battery powered devices such the AAB 4 4 2 4 Power The circuit is operated using power from the battery of the Hercules main board As this battery is 12V and we need 373 5 and 6 to supply the ICs some current regulation needs to take place This regulation is done using three positive linear voltage regulators see Fig 48 tel liu F 1 m R 1 E EE sun IE4 RI IE A CU CD c4 sensing PAt TI Vatery Sapp he GND Ju 100 uF 100 uF Fig 48 Power and power sensing modules To supply the power module there is the PA4 this is directly connected to the batteries of the Hercules board
123. re operating worldwide Beside these big companies there are a lot smaller companies In other words the oil gas industry comprises a lot of companies The question is which organisations are potential customers for the LAB Shell dr Shell is a global energy and petrochemical company The aim of the company is to meet the energy needs of society in ways that are economically socially and environmentally viable now and in the future Sustainable development is integrated in the organisation of Shell The main activity is to help meet the world s growing energy needs although this is a damaging activity for the environment Shell tries to reduce impacts of their operations including tackling greenhouse gas emissions As a global energy company they set high standards of performance and ethical behaviours Shell is aware of the fact that there reputation is 89 depending by how they live up to their core values honestly integrity and respect for people People judge on the way the company act The strategy of Shell is More upstream profitable downstream They are focusing on delivery and growth leveraging their strong portfolio 60 BP Like shell BP is a global energy and petrochemical company The company wants to be recognized as a great organisation competitively successful and a force for progress They believe that they can make a difference in the world by helping the world meet its growing need for heat li
124. ready been manufactured Table 10 Effect of weight on buoy stability Weight N Mass Pounds Capsize screening 2668933 600 1 25984252 4003399 2001 0 839895013 Capsize screening Capsize screening Mass N 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Fig 18 Effect of weight on buoy stability As the graph shows the more weight is placed within the buoy the more stable it will become 3 4 3 The Angle of Vanishing Screening Stability Value SSV Beam BR HD DV 1 3 BR Ballast Ratio Keel Weight Total Weight HD Hull Draft 37 DV The Displacement Volume in cubic meters Displacement Volume in Cubic Meters Weight in Pounds 64 0 0283168 Angle of Vanishing Stability approximately equals 110 400 SSV 10 Screening stability volume 3 937007874012 25 23255569980232 341 61966893638277 2 341 619668936382 64 0 0283168 15 500031 0 073861543 2 1 626963673 64 4920733 SSV Angle of vanishing stability 110 400 64 49 10 117 3407965 This calculation will now be carried out for a range of different buoy weights This will enable the effect of weight on the angle of vanishing stability to be analysed Table 11 Effect of weight on angle of vanishing stability Weight Pounds Beam Sq DV SSV AVS 1779 288651 400 1549997 0 063081 2 1 905 64 49182 117 3408 2668 932977 600 15 49997 0 042054 2 2 8575 64 49182 117 3408 4003 399465 900 1549997 0 028036
125. resented in the following figures fig 9 and fig 10 showing the geographic location of Bottlenose dolphins and the research area in which the data was collected by researchers Fig 9 Bottlenose dolphin abundance marked in blue color a Fig 10 Whistles of bottlenose dolphins taken into account were recorded in the tropical Pacific Ocean marked above in orange 2 2 4 Sources used in the research section Many sources were used in the research phase such as LAB SeaWatch Foundation University of Bangor Groupe de Recherche sur les C tac s Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego and many others Documents in which the parameters of whistles were found are presented in the tables below 20 Specie name Bottlenos e dolphin Risso s dolphin Striped dolphin Common dolpin Atlantic spotted dolphin Short beaked common dolphin Specie name Bottlenos e dolphin Short beaked common dolphin False killer whale Pantropic al spotted dolphin Table 4 Reference table for the Atlantic region section Reference link http ieeexplore iee e org stamp stamp js p arnumber 047869 82 http ieeexplore iee e org stamp stamp js p arnumber 047869 83 http ieeexplore iee e org stamp stamp js p arnumber 047869 84 http ieeexplore iee e org stamp stamp js p arnumber 047869 85 http oceanwidescie nce org PDF JASA 2 OLammers 20et 20 al 20 282003 29 p df http
126. rne information transfer and its propagation in elastic media With this system the LAB wants to protect the cetaceans in sea because the noises of human activities can lead to the dead of animals The company has the desire to be the first company with a system like this This objective leads us to the mission of the company Protect the environment by providing tools to help human activities on the sea to continue although without damaging the environment 5 3 4 Target group For companies it is important to decide who the target group is before introducing the product into the market The AAB is a business orientated product a business to business market The target group for the AAB consists of companies with activities in the windmill industry offshore oil and gas exploration and production as well as navies 5 3 5 Marketing mix 5 3 5 1 Product To get information about cetaceans living in the marine environment a product is needed that receives sounds from underwater sources The AAB is able to receive sounds in an underwater environment by a hydrophone The hydrophone is an element in the AAB which will pick up acoustic energy The hydrophone will not only receive sounds from the cetaceans but also from other animals natural sources like waves rain storm and human activities To make sure that only the sounds of cetaceans will be saved a filter is needed The filtering and amplifying of the signal is done by the Program
127. rovements 5 5 3 Opportunities e 01 Increasing of interest in the problem Lu ui LA e 02 Because we past the worst part of the recession there is space for other problems e 03 Environmental responsibility is important for society 92 e O4 Big companies are trying harder to be environmentally responsible 5 5 4 Threats e T1 Companies aren t obligated to protect the marine e T2 It is hard to get attention from companies 5 6 Confrontation matrix The strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats from the last chapter are presented in the confrontation matrix below A confrontation matrix provides insight into the possibilities to combine strengths and weaknesses with opportunities and threats One plus indicates a relative context between strength 1 and opportunity 1 for example The blue colour indicates a strong correlation between the selected points A strong correlation between two points can be the basis for a strategic strategy to give direction to the company Table 16 Confrontation matrix Opportunities uN 2 Be o0 c D Kn Y uN D uN uN D C ZZ gt Relatively high context Relative context No relative context No relative context at all 5 6 1 Strategic option 1 S2 O1 or O4 take advantage of the strength and opportunity S2 Protecting the marine environment O1 Increasing of interest in the problem O4 Big companies are trying harder to
128. rs and the parameters are given in the following table Table 6 Parameters received after analysis of the first whistle parameter Duration s Mean frequency kHz Start point kHz End Point kHz Minimum frequency kHz Maximum frequency kHz value 1 0 11 9 8 4 9 0 14 7 8 4 25 x 10 extracted whistle frequency Hz 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 02 03 U4 05 06 07 Do OF 1 time s Fig 15 First extracted whistle contour Table 7 Parameters received after analysis of the first whistle parameter value Duration s 0 6 Mean frequency kHz 9 2 Start point kHz 10 9 End Point kHz 10 4 Minimum frequency kHz 8 2 Maximum frequency kHz 10 9 11000 10500 10000 E S 9500 9000 8500 8000 Di 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 Time s Fig 16 Second whistle contour extracted 26 2 3 3 Classification Analysed samples were recorded on the Ligurian Sea this falls into the Atlantic region section of the research part Using the table and the graphs previously prepared two of the extracted whistles were classified The first whistle was classified to a possible three species i e Striped dolphin Risso s dolphin and the short beaked common dolphin All of the parameters fit within the specified ranges presented in the graphs which suggests that this whistle was produced by one of those three species 2 4 Conclusions Dolphins produce sounds mainly for communication between individuals as well as for echolocation ama
129. s F Norris Julie N Oswald Jay Barlow Thomas F Norris Julie N Oswald Jay Barlow Thomas F Norris Julie N Oswald Jay Barlow Thomas F Norris 21 Title Acoustic identification of nine delphinid species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Acoustic identification of nine delphinid species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Acoustic identification of nine delphinid species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Acoustic identification of nine delphinid species in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean Year 2008 2008 2008 2008 2002 2009 Year 2003 2003 2003 2003 Long http swfsc noaa go Julie N Oswald Jay Acoustic identification of nine beaked v uploadedFiles Divis Barlow Thomas F Norris delphinid species in the Eastern common ions PRD Programs Tropical Pacific Ocean dolphin Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf Short http swfsc noaa go Julie N Oswald Jay Acoustic identification of nine finned v uploadedFiles Divis Barlow Thomas F Norris delphinid species in the Eastern pilot ions PRD Programs Tropical Pacific Ocean whale Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf Rough http swfsc noaa go Julie N Oswald Jay Acoustic identification of nine tooth v uploadedFiles Divis Barlow Thomas F Norris delphinid species in the Eastern dolphin ions PRD Programs Tropical Pacific Ocean Coastal Marine Ma mmal Oswald pdf Striped http swfsc noaa go Julie N Oswald Jay Acoustic identif
130. s of our system and answer any question you may have Your sincerely 96 5 7 2 Letter Maersk Every organisation and every company is different To respond to the needs of the potential customer it is important to customize the content of the message The message should match the needs of the receiver to get their attention The letter below is an example of a letter for the company Maersk Dear Sir Madame This letter is not written to blame you for your activities in the marine environment It is also not our intention to disturb your work in comparing to activists However we did write this letter to offer you a solution to reduce the damage of your activities to make sure that you can continue your businesses Not only for the short term but also in the future A solution without blames high costs or negative publication In spite of these negative points the solution to decrease excessive sea noise could give you advantages Information on your website showed that you already made some efforts to purchase low noise technology It is a good start unfortunately it doesn t solve the problem completely Like you also the government activists and the society are spending more and more time on the problem Consequently they will introduce more areas as Marine Protected Areas Areas which are important for your activities can be turned into a protected area By introducing the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy our solution for this pro
131. sult of the operating conditions in which the buoy is to operate for example water infiltration or extreme shaking The box must be completely impenetrable in same way that a black box of an airplane is As a result if the Hercules is in danger then the Watchdog will not be The only link between the Hercules board and the watchdog is the SHT73 sensor This will be placed in the Hercules box and linked to the watchdog via the use of cables The sealed box of the watchdog is going to be powered up with 12 V from the battery box using and external connector and cables Because the batteries also control the electronic circuit which have a certain range for operating conditions it was decided to place another temperature and humidity sensor inside the battery box As a backup solution it will be taken into consideration to build the watchdogs own power system supply In the event that the buoy power system is damaged we can switch the alignment of the watchdog from the general power supply box to the backup power system This is a small 9V battery that is capable of providing enough power for the board to send rescue signals to the shore For future improvements of the AAB it is suggested that solar panels are used to power the main supply system In this way using a proper electrical system which can convert solar energy to electricity it will be possible to use energy stored during the day time to recharge the batteries of the buoy Solar panels will
132. t Plastic LDPE Iv Progress for part mmm E Surfaces Part 7 lt BOUY FINAL boje D Element Type lt 3 D gt Fig 24 Re Mesh 1 l 41 EI file Edit Selection View Mesh Geometry Analysis Tools Window Help OSU OR g ojee ER q Gv ge LEASE A AB x ij er e POSADA a te ua p N i He LE The fluid exterior ES Disp sed to H tg ped was still unable to be created due to the complex model topology Fig 25Generate fluid exterior attempt 2 mn PS war ae DGS After creating a third iipit iaeiiai mesh structure was u o created in order to gt troubleshoot the problem of creating the fluid The same problem was again faced Plane 3 lt X2 Y gt Object Groups s Part 1 lt BOUY FINAL Counter Material lt Plastic Polycarl B CAD Mesh Options Part 3 lt BOUY FINAL finalma 7 D m D Are Dre amp Re Fig 26 Generate fluid exterior attempt 3 Due to the complex shape of the buoy difficulties have been faced in creating a stable analysis A great deal of time has been spent troubleshooting within the Autodesk Algor software the same problem is still faced regarding the model topology itself A further troubleshooting step would be to modify the Solidworks model However this can only be done to a certain extent as the Buoy model must remain accurate in order to give useful simulation results This simulation was put on
133. ted Stability in terms of theoretical formulae requires accurate weight of components effect of different masses on this Angle of vanishing Point at which the buoy can tip and still right itself effect of mass weight distribution Aerodynamics This will affect tow speed Structural stability Testing the buoy under stresses and strains 3 1 4 Software Before starting the simulation an appropriate software package has to be found Software packages will be evaluated on the basis of features user friendliness and finally availability 30 Table 7 Software packages evaluation Name of Key features Software Solid works Autodesk Algor Complex Geometry and Freeform Surface Creation Feature Recognition Reverse Engineering Motion Analysis Structural Validation Environmental Impact Evaluation Design for Manufacturability Fluid Flow Simulation Photorealistic Rendering 63 Analysis of materials Interactive GUI Integrated response of fluids structures and materials 64 Linear and nonlinear stress vibration motion dynamic response durability flow and thermal analysis Integrated multi physics solvers Model preparation with multi CAD support PLM integration with advanced simulation structure management 65 Open application and system support CAD support Modeling and meshing Static stress and linear dynamics Mechanical event 31 Exact proper
134. ter being born d FREO kHz 0 5 TIME sec Fig 5 Examples of different types whistle spectrograms www sarasotadolphin org Whistles consist of harmonics and steps which make each whistle different For analysis of whistles very important are the following parameters number o steps 14 number of harmonics number of breaks initial frequency and the final frequency maximum and the minimum frequency as well as mean frequency The Fig 6 shows an example of a whistle with all of the mentioned features presented T End Point gt in this case z max frequency Er i Breuk step Start Point min frequency Duration Time s Fig 6 Example of a whistle with all of its features included based on Emily T Griffith 2009 2 1 4 Clicks Clicks are used exclusively for echolocation this is dolphin s significant ability to identify objects by the means of using sound Dolphins are also able to detect obstacles by creating sound patterns and then receiving them back In addition dolphins are also able to receive information about an objects structure through the use of echolocation techniques Clicks are produced in click trains which are rapid sequences of sounds The range of frequency of clicks is very high in comparison to whistles it is from 0 2 kHz even up to 150 kHz 13 Dolphins use lower frequency clicks only for detection of objects that are further away as low frequency sounds are ab
135. the amplified signal that comes de from the analogical amplifier which is l lif am AMPc asian between the hydrophone and the Hercules BEN 150 Watchdog Board Appendix 14 KE gem E ED CR dua n n Li Lan Lm Sa Kl a De e LM M M M ME FU EL e mL ee e e ew ee e Mol ll Aen A d NS A iint i ilt Fig 91 Watchdog module 152 Noe N EN ION amp FELIX Fig 95 Package disposition 155 Appendix 15 List of components Designator Value Comment Ge 1u MAX232 capacitor C4 C10 C11 30pF Oscillator capacitor C12 C13 78xx input voltage 100uF l C14 ii decoupling capacitor C15 C16 10uF 78xx output voltage C17 decoupling capacitor decoupling cap of C18 10nF accelerometer decoupling cap of level mnd M adapter of accelerometer C21 10nF decoupling cap of level adapter of sht C22 10nF decoupling cap of PIC D1 LED D2 Diode for charging the 9v battery IC1 PIC18F4525 IC2 MAX232ACPE ICS 7805 IC6 7833 IC7 7806 IC8 IC9 ADG3304 P1 Reset P2 General power switch PA1 PicKit3 PA2 Live sensing PA3 Serial Port PA4 12V Vatery Supply PA5 RF module PAG RF Power PA7 Battery control PA8 Current sensing PA9 Hercules power control PA10 PA11 PAI AD22103 PA13 9V battery charger R1 4K7 sht73 pull up resistor R2 R7 AK7 10K reset resistor 156 Description Quantity Polarized Capacitor Radial Capacitor Polarized Capacitor Radial Polarized
136. the worldwide recession last year The economy decreased in 2009 by 1 8 and 900 000 jobs were lost However the minister of Finance expects a growth in 2010 of 2 3 largely due to the world cup football If predictions are correct the South African economy will be better in 2012 Also if we look at the figures of the years before 2008 this period saw the economy grow by 5 a year 49 5 4 1 4 Asia An article published in April 2010 predicted that upcoming economies in Asia would grow by 7 5 this year a forecast from the Asian Development Bank ADB 85 Last year the GDP of Asia grew by 5 2 For 2011 the ADB expects a growth of 7 3 It is predicted that China will be the leader of these upcoming economies with a growth in GDP of 9 6 It is expected that china would first be followed by Azerbaijan with an increase 9 5 and then India at 8 2 Only the economy of Fiji will decrease this year These positive figures are a result of the rising incomes and stimulation policies of the government This will also result in an inflation growth of 4 in 2010 For 2011 a growth of 3 9 is expected 50 5 4 2 Social cultural During internet searches about ocean noise a lot of articles were found Articles with the subjects such as increasing of sea noise stranding whales increasing of offshore activities and so on The following texts are a short preview of articles found Whale songs drowned out by human noise pollution is the
137. ties Group No 1 Mass Density 1 3137E 09 Young s Modulus E 2 3787E 03 Poisson s Ratio Nu 3 7000E 01 Shear Shape Factor Fs 1 2000E 00 Shear Modulus G 7 8523E 02 Element Thickness Data Node01 Node02 Node03 Node04 Set 1 1 000E 01 1 000E 01 1 000E 01 1 000E 01 3 D Shell element data suppressed use PRELE to print Element part number Nonlinear 3 3 D Shell Element Definition Type 26 Number of elements NPAR 2 4126 Analysis Type NPAR 3 2 eq 1 Linear or Material Nonlinearity Only eq 2 Total Lagrangian Formulation eq 3 Updated Lagrangian Formulation Max number of nodes for a element NPAR 7 4 Integration Order for Element Stiffness Matrice FC OIFeCUIOD soon d ads 2 A DII d s menant ues i 2 Tdirecti0N 2 Number of Stress Output Tables NPAR 13 0 eq 0 Output at Integration Points Number of Thickness Tables NPAR 14 1 Material Model NPAR 15 1 eq 1 Linear Elastic Isotropic eq 2 Linear Elastic Orthotropic eq 3 Elasto Plastic with Isotropic Hardening eq 4 Elasto Plastic with Kinematic Hardening eq 5 Elasto plastic with Multlinear IsotropicHardening eq 6 Elasto plastic with Multilinear KinematicHardening eq 8 Mooney Rivlin eq 9 Ogden eq 105 Viscoelastic Mooney Rivlin eq 106 Viscoelastic Ogden Number of Different Sets of Material NPAR 16 1 Numbe
138. ties and v dimensions can be defined but school does not have plug in to do simulations However plug in in itself is limited as it does not have all of the required simulation capabilities to simulate the AAB School only has simple version which does not contain enough functionalities to carry out buoy simulation Developed by Siemens corp school has this software available However it has limited functions which could prove troublesome in later more advanced simulation Fluid dynamics are also not included Schools version is also in Spanish which presents me with an added difficulty Has more functions than other available software including Fluid dynamics amp can be downloaded legally at no extra cost v v v Ansys Profession al or student with Ansys Ls Dyna or Ansys Autodyn Catia V5 simulation Computational fluid dynamics CFD simulation Multiphysics 66 Integrated response of fluids structures and materials Multiple solvers including those for structural analysis and fluid flow Analysis of materials Interactive GUI Simulation integration Extensive material model library 67 Stress analysis of solids 2D and 3D Analysis of structures in statics and dynamics Linear or nonlinear analysis including the effects of material nonlinearities large deformations and contact conditions 68 Linear stress analysis on parts and hybrid assemblies solid surface and
139. ting data The MAX232 circuit is connected in a classical design using small range capacitors The microcontroller is the device which will start or stop the data exchange being programmed in a certain way Virtual terminal is a tool provided by Proteus environment which is simulating serial computer COM port The SHT73 humidity and temperature sensor doesn t require an SPI port as it has its own protocol that needs to be set by the programmer using the software program For this we will need two I O 74 pins of the microcontroller RB4 and RB5 Operating range in terms of temperature is 40 C and 123 C and in terms of humidity is 0 100 which is the operating range of the microcontroller Because of the very low power consumption of the sensor the samples can be taken once a second not often Also it s not needed to take samples very often of temperature and humidity so for less power consumption of the entire schematic can be reduced by programming the microcontroller in sleep mode The decision is going to be taken later on how often samples should be taken corresponding to the other functions that watchdog has to make After the software simulation and emulation almost the same result in relation to the datasheet was obtained In the following figures the results are shown with mention that the yellow waveform is DATA line and the blue waveform is clock line Also the left of the figures contain data obtained from simulation and on the
140. tion Before further progress can be made it is important to know what is meant by ocean noise Human activities which produce underwater noise pollution are the following Shipping Offshore oil gas exploration and production Industrial and military sonar Experimental acoustic sources 79 Underwater explosives and other underwater civil engineering activities Airborne noise from supersonic aircraft 130 120 110 100 90 T 5 o5 70 T This scheme adapted from E 60 Potter E Delory 1900 shows the presence of artificial noise p 50 red in the sea that overlaps natural blue and biological 40 green noise 30 l l l I 0 0 0 1 10 100 Frstuency KE Fig 73 Types of noise sources The noises can cause lesions in the acoustic organs of cetaceans which can result in displacement avoidance reactions collisions with ships mass stranding and death Noise Sources Sound Levels Lightning strike on water surface 260 dB approximately Seafloor volcanic eruption 255 dB approximately Sperm Whale 163 180 dB Fin Whale 160 186 dB Humpback Whale 144 174 dB Bowhead Whale 128 189 dB Blue Whale 155 188 dB Southern Right Whale 172 185 dB Gray Whale 142 185 dB Shipping 180 dB approximately LFA Low Frequency Sonar 240 dB Yachts and pleasure boats 160 dB Military and industrial sonar 230 dB All decibels dB are re 1 microPa at 1 m Source http www surtass lfa e
141. towed to its location by another vessel In addition the AAB has its own computing platform used to record the desired sounds by selecting them with a programmable high pass filter This filter has been designed to select whistles after first comparing process of sounds with references and was designed by 2009 EPS students The AAB gives users the option to both record and listen in real time 3 to natural e g cetaceans and artificial sounds e g from shipping at different locations The main purpose of using the AAB is to study the effects produced by ocean noise on cetaceans Manmade noise is the result of different anthropogenic activities such as the following e Marine navigation e Offshore natural resources exploration and extraction 9 e Civil engineering activities e Military activities e Windmill parks 5 6 7 As well as being an impediment in communication processes between cetaceans and marine environment such as displacement process or food sources noise can also produce serious injury to marine mammals Traumas associated with noise pollution can result in an either lethal or sublethal impact In the case of sublethal impact on the cetaceans hearing aid refers to e Stress e Disorientation e Internal bleeding 8 9 Recovery time can vary between a few hours and a few weeks depending on the individual and the severity of damage However repetitive exposures to sound sources without allowing adequate recovery per
142. ts and constant values in the program which are going to be used as a guideline conditions for stop the entire system or shut down different its components in order of importance e Protect the electronic equipment when high temperature or high humidity occurs also in case of water infiltration due to buoy reversal e Monitor and register information as temperature humidity and position of the buoy which are going to be sent to the shore where the user can compute them in terms to obtain charts diagrams and table reports with received data e Emergency message In case of irreversible damage the buoy will inform the shore sending a radio message as a help request Using the watchdog will make the Autonomous Acoustic Buoy a self reliant system This will save users from direct intervention as well as time and money In relation to the text written above the watchdog has specific features which can aid in solving any problems which it may encounter 4 3 Connection between watchdog function its hardware and its software 4 3 1 Physical conditions One of the main functions of the monitoring device is to supervise the temperature humidity and impacts of the sea against the buoy The watchdog should take decisions accordingly in terms of resetting or powering down the Hercules board The watchdog has an integrated three axes accelerometer with which to monitor the behaviour of the buoy offshore The operating conditions of the Hercules bo
143. two traducers which can use the same resources that are provided by the microcontroller In this case the design of watchdog is going to be more versatile and open for further development 4 11 Communication between microcontroller and SHT73 For establishing communication between sensor and microcontroller two pins from PORTB of microcontroller are dedicated namely RB4 and RB5 these represent DATA line and SCK line 4 11 1 Start up Sensor To make SHT73 sensor work VDD 3 3V power supply voltage was chosen The slow rate during power up should not fall below 1V ms After power up the sensor needs 11ms to arrive in Sleep State therefore before that time it is prohibited to send any other command 25 4 11 2 Sending a Command to initiate a transmission A Transmission Start sequence has to be issued in order to begin the communication between devices It consists of a lowering of the DATA line while SCK is high followed by a low pulse on SCK and raising DATA again while SCK is still high 25 The subsequent command consists of three address bits and five command bits The SHT73 indicates the proper reception of a command by pulling the DATA pin low ACK bit after the falling edge of the 8th SCK clock The DATA line is released and goes high after the falling edge of the 9th SCK clock see Hardware simulation chapter 4 11 3 Measurement of RH and T After issuing a measurement command 00000101 for relative humidity 00000011
144. um and maximum frequency start and the end point In comparing those parameters with the previously prepared tables it was possible to classify the whistle to the individual specie which potentially produced it 22 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2007 2000 2 3 1 Procedure Whistles selected for the analysis were chosen from the LAB s recording collection this consists of a variety of underwater sound samples from the Ligurian Sea Not all of the recordings contained whistle patterns they also contained sonar patterns or other noise most likely caused by shipping The first step was to choose and extract whistles which had quite a strong signal from LAB s recordings in order to carry further analysis out efficiently For this purpose Adobe Audition software was used this returned whistle samples in a wav file that could be directly analysed in Matlab Secondly a spectrogram was created to show the graphical relation between time and frequency of the whistle This was created using matlab software The Spectrogram command extracted directly from the wav file variables such as time frequency and power spectral density PSD The last parameter simply indicates how strong the signal is in a given range of frequency or time The spectrogram also shows an image of the wave pattern in this case whistle pattern from which all parameters can be more or less accurately read Next the whistle was extracted from all of the other s
145. y dir_biodiversity_000407 html April 2010 102 61 62 http www dolphincommunicationproject org main index php option com content amp view article amp id 143 amp ltemid 176 June 2010 www wikipedia com May 2010 Cad Simulation 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 http www solidworks com sw products cad software 3d design htm 20 03 10 http www ansys com products default asp 20 03 10 http www plm automation siemens com en_us products nx simulati on mechanical simulation index shtml 20 03 10 http usa autodesk com adsk servlet pc index sitelD 123112 amp id 137 73836 20 03 10 http www ansys com products default asp 20 03 10 http www adina com products shtml 20 03 10 http www 3ds com fileadmin PRODUCTS CATIA OFFERS CATIA ANALYSIS PDF CATIA Analysis brochure pdf 20 03 10 www hydrology rice edu ceve101 Handouts IntroFluids ppt 11 05 10 http www oceanweather com forecast 04 03 10 http usa autodesk com adsk servlet pc index sitelD 123112 amp id 137 www hydrology rice edu ceve101 Handouts IntroFluids ppt 11 05 10 http www sailingusa info formula htm Climatology of Surface and Near bed Temperature and Salinity on the North West European continental Shelf for 1971 2000 Barbara Berx Sarah L Hughes Rousmaniere John The Annapolis Book of Seamanship Boat Selection Chapter 1 p35 Simon amp Schuster New Y
146. zing ability to detect objects underwater Besides they also use sounds to express their emotions e when they are stressed frightened angry By analyzing those sounds we can learn not only about their behaviours but also how man made sounds are affecting their life All of those sounds vary in ranges of frequency and the way that are produced Whistles mainly have frequency ranges from 4 kHz to 20 kHz and their duration is close to 1 s whereas clicks are sounds of much high frequency sometimes reaching values greater than 100 kHz and they consists of sequences called click trains Burst sound pulses are the sounds generally regarded as cries barks grunts and they are audible for humans It is quite easy to distinguish those sounds from each other however it is difficult when a given sound has to be classified to potential specie that could produce it In the research section of the bioacoustic part of the project all the necessary information was efficiently collected in order to carry out further classification in an effective way From a total of thirty seven species thirteen species were taken into consideration and included in the analysis The research section was divided into two categories Pacific and Atlantic region this was necessary because dolphins of the same specie living in different distinct areas produce different whistles Six of the the most important parameters were extracted and gathered in the relevant parameter ta

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

Haier Ultrasonic Jewelry Cleaner  User Manual - Projector Central    USER MANUAL  Robertshaw 300-201 Owner's Manual  KS-2500（約1.7MB）    Manual en Español-English  PTC Overview - New York Railway Supply, Inc  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file