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1. For the 100 ppm standard V1 the volume of stock standard to use to make your new more dilute standard This is your unknown C1 1000 ppm in the stock solution V2 total volume made in the more dilute standard you are making 100 mL C2 concentration of new more dilute standard 100 ppm Vi V2C2 Ci Vi 100 100 1000 10 mL of 1000 ppm stock standard WQ Sensor User s Manual 37 NexSens Technology Inc Therefore pipette 10 mL of 1000 ppm standard into a 100 mL volumetric flask then bringing to 100 mL volume with distilled or deionized water Note ISA is added to the standard after the dilution Its volume is not considered in the dilution This is because it will also be added to the samples This way both the Standards and samples are equally diluted by the ISA 7 After soaking a Nitrate electrode overnight in a low standard why does it not respond when I try to calibrate This is a common problem with all nitrate electrodes Soaking overnight in a standard numbs the membrane to any changes and needs to be air dried for at least 12 to 24 hours before you try to use it again Next time you want to soak the electrode prior to use try only soaking it for 10 20 minutes and then calibrating 8 What ts the real world range of ISE probes The specified range of ISE probes given in the Specifications section of this manual is for clean solutions without any interference ions present For example chloride I2. If the electrode slope is not within the normal range the following procedure may restore the electrode Before beginning check that the Reference Fill Solution level in the reference chamber is higher than the reference fill line 1 Soak the electrode in a 10 ppm standard solution for 2 hours before use 2 Recheck the mV slope Note All standard solutions should be prepared fresh You must use ISA All standards must be at the same temperature as the calibration reagent If the electrode slope is still outside the normal range after this procedure please contact the NexSens technical service department Standards The quality of results depends greatly upon the quality of the standards Always prepare fresh standards when problems arise it could save hours of troubleshooting Error may result from contamination of prepared standards accuracy of dilution quality of distilled water or a mathematical error in calculating the concentrations Keep all solutions tightly covered when not in use Samples If the electrodes work properly in standards but not in samples there may be interfering ions complexing agents or substances which could affect responses If possible determine the composition of the samples and use the appropriate complexing agents for interfering ions Check that the pH of the solution is within the operating range of the probe WOSensors User s Manual 10 NexSens Technology Inc Be sure that the expe
3. 2 What is ISA and why is it added when using many of the I SE probes ISA stands for ionic strength adjuster It is important to add ISA to all standards and Samples when using most ISE electrodes with the exception of a few such as pH and dissolved oxygen The addition of ISA ensures that all samples and standards will have a similar tonic strength This is important because the ionic strength of a solution affects the relationship between activity and concentration By bringing the ionic strength of all Samples and standards to a similar level the effect of variable ionic strengths on the activity is overcome thus reducing the margin of error WQ Sensor User s Manual 34 NexSens Technology Inc 3 What is the relationship between ionic activity and concentration lon selective electrodes respond to ionic activity in a solution However most researchers are really interested in the total concentration of a species in solution Although ionic activity is related to concentration they are not necessarily the same Two factors affect the relationship between activity and concentration the presence of complexing species and the total ionic strength of a solution First activity refers only to free unbound ions A portion of the total concentration may be bound or complexed by other ions in the solution and therefore does not exist in the free ionized state An ISE probe only senses the activity of the free unbound ions Second ion
4. 89 26 43 08C06142 DO DOSat 3 13 2008 5 14 18 PM 198 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 19 PM 98 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 20 PM 198 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 21 PM 98 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 22 PM 98 1 l7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 23 PM 198 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 24 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 25 PM 98 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 26 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 27 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 28 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 29 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 Date Range Report Summary Start Date 3 13 2008 5 14 08 PM Project Project_13 End Date 3 13 2008 5 14 35 PM Author NexSens Technology Devices in Report ima Description 08C06142 DO Data Graph ololyuiloalulplulnie DOSat 5 14 08 PM 5 14 13PM 5 14 18PM 5 14 23PM 5 1428PM_ 5 14 33 PM 3 13 2008 5 14 30 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 Date 3 13 2008 5 14 31 PM 98 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 32 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 08C06142 DO DO 13 13 2008 5 14 33 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 34 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 35 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 36 PM 198 1 17 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 37 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 38 PM 98 1 z9 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 39 PM 98 1 7 9 26 43 WQSensors User s Manual 16 NexSens Technology Inc 2 3 Changing Software Settings Customizable options are available in WQSensors software in the Application Settings menu Sho
5. Cancel 3a If the WQSensor installation CD is in the CD ROM drive place a check mark in the CD Rom drives option and click Next This is the recommended method if the WQSensor CD is available Windows will scan the CD and automatically install the driver 3b If the WQSensor software is unavailable or the software has been downloaded from the internet Check Specify a location and click Next Found New Hardware Wizard Locate Driver Files Where do you want Windows to search for driver files Search for driver files for the following hardware device oy USB Device The wizard searches for suitable drivers in its driver database on your computer and in any of the following optional search locations that you specify To start the search click Next IF you are searching on a floppy disk or CD ROM drive insert the floppy disk or CD before clicking Next Optional search locations Floppy disk drives CD ROM drives MV Specify a location M Microsoft Windows Update Tir ecvccccesccsvcvscssecesssccsesceesecsssesseesssosesesceeees lt Back Cancel WQSensors User s Manual 25 NexSens Technology Inc Click Browse and go to the location of the driver By default the driver is located in C Program Files NexSens WQSensonr Driver waqsensor inf Click Open Locate File am SCS BPreInstaller exe setup ini silib sys wasensor inf E wqasensor sys wasunin2k exe
6. Manuals About NexSens Shop INFO Updates can also I d by NexSens Technology Technical questions or comments NexSens technical staff can be reached right inside of the program Click on the Help button in the Help menu to send an email directly to NexSens technical support Be sure to include a name and email address that they can contact you with If you would prefer to be contacted by phone include that in the message along with your phone number CEF ag aw EZITE File Sensors Settings Library heip Updates Manuals About NexSens Shop d by NexSens Technology Note An internet connection is not required to run WQSensors software W QSensors User s Manual 20 NexSens Technology Inc 2 6 Working with Project Files When WQSensors software first runs it defaults to Project_1 This is simply a default name for the default project file Each project file contains information about every sensor that was connected to the computer while that file was open as well as any data that was collected during that time as well CLE EG aw E2025 YT 27 ees i Sensors Settings Library New Open Rename d by NexSens Technology Creating new project files To create a new project for a specific experiment or study click the New button in the File menu and enter a project name Click OK when finished CEL ag aw EZITE p Sensors Settings Library Open Rename d by NexSens Technology W QSensor
7. P wasunin exe My Computer Was wasensor inf o lt H My Network P Setupinomaton inf Click OK to continue Found New Hardware Wizard E C Program Files NexSens driver bi 4 Once Windows has successfully found the driver click Next Found New Hardware Wizard Driver Files Search Results The wizard has finished searching for driver files for your hardware device WQSensors User s Manual 26 NexSens Technology Inc 5 Click Finish in the following window Make sure that the driver has been successfully installed Found New Hardware Wizard Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard gt NexSens WOSensor Windows has finished installing the software for this device To close this wizard click Finish i Bancel Note The above steps only need to be completed successfully once WOSensors User s Manual NexSens Technology Inc Installation for Windows XP When the USB adapter is plugged in for the first time Windows will detect and start the Found New Hardware Wizard i Found New Hardware NexSens WQSensor WQ TEMP 1 Select No not this time and click Next when the Found New Hardware Wizard appears Found New Hardware Wizard Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard Windows will search for current and updated software by looking on your computer on the hardware installation CD or on the Windows Update Web site
8. SensorsiSoftware NES Meridio oi F i YR 3 I i 1 LI i pi rT E dt J E Powerful Software Smart Sensors nf O C O O D E gt Sa D Y o V 2 Y Sa O LL 2650 E 40th Ave e Denver CO 80205 Phone 303 320 4764 1242 Fax 303 322 www geotechenv com Pa Ei tira rt sr Tt ft SS E REE 2 2 amp me oe e ome CO o e CO E e I O N i e e O a e Mi m oe e en ee ae ee E E O O o neo SS e ee ee ee ee ae mH ERP EFT Z HF HEHE EE ek technology NexSens Technology Inc TABLE OF CONTENTS Sensor OPETAN ON ro E lilla 3 1 1 Ton Selective Electrode Sensore 3 ELL WOES PIVOnmde ISE Sens Ob oran E a AR 3 LE2 Makne ISE Sensor Measirencnis iaia 4 bls Mamntenincc and Cate asili O 8 Li JSE Sensor Troublesnootme Guidelines 10 De SONarncOPpedioi maiala 12 Zi odi Dili 12 2 2 Data Validation an Review assedio 15 Zo Chani mE Sonwa e Sensini 17 DE Ee Gal ride dl dA Ad Sela Aido 19 2 HAE AG SUPPizar lar E t 20 2 0 Workine with Project Flesh li easier esa 21 APPENA coil 23 Appendix A Material Safety Data Sets riore 23 Appendix B Warranty and Service 23 Appendix C Computer Requirements ici hives nea sav cielo cossandia ii 24 Appendix D Step by Step Driver Installation 24 Appendix E ISE Frequently Asked Questions iii
9. most of the accessories you will need Additionally you will need calibration buffers and calibration beakers or containers These items should be located in any lab where WQSensors will be used or they can be purchased from a local chemical supplier These supplies may also be purchased from a NexSens Technology dealer http www nexsens com company where_to_buy htm WQ FL Sensor These replaceable tip sensors offer ion specific measurements An internally stored unique ID and GLP file ensures quality data and tracks calibration and sensor status Fluoride Package Includes e WQ FL ISE sensor with 6 feet of cable and integral USB connector and FL module 1000 ppm F Standard F Reference Fill Solution F ISA TISAB ISE storage bottle WQSensor Standard Software amp Knowledge Library CD e WQSensor Quick Start Guide WQ FL Sensor Specifications Concentration Range 0 02 ppm to saturation 1 x10 M to saturation Temperature Range O to 80 C pH range 5to7 10 M 5to11 0 1M Reproducibility 2 Known Interferences OH Minimum Sample Size 5 mL in a 50 mL beaker Size Electrode length 155 mm Body Diameter 12 mm Cap Diameter 16 mm Cable Length 6 ft WOSensors User s Manual 3 NexSens Technology Inc 1 1 2 Making ISE Sensor Measurements Preparing ISE Sensors for Measurements 1 Remove the protective cap covering the sensor tip Caution Do not touch the sensing element with your fingers 2 The Refer
10. on the left hand side of the Log button The left side of the button will turn blue and a short animation with the letter L will display on the bottom left hand corner of the screen CEF ag ae ZII ft File Sensors Settings Library Calibrate red by NexSens Technology To start logging continuous measurements at the user defined interval click on the right hand side of the Log button The entire button will turn blue and at the log interval a short animation with the letter L will display on the bottom left hand corner of the screen CEF 47 aw EZITE ft File gensors Settings Library Calibrate d by NexSens Technology WQSensors User s Manual 13 NexSens Technology Inc Calibrating Sensor Readings To calibrate Sensor Readings 1 Click on the Calibrate button 2 Select the parameter reading to calibrate as shown below 3 Enter the calibrated value 4 Click the Calibrate button again to complete the change A short animation with the letter C will display on the bottom left hand corner of the screen Temperature and mV values cannot be calibrated except for calibration of ORP This calibration is stored on the sensor which means that the sensor can be calibrated on one computer and still returned calibrated results no matter which other computers it is used on Refer to the calibration guidelines in the sensor sections earlier in this manual for information on when and what values to calibrate
11. 33 What is a WQSensor WQSensors offer the latest in smart sensor technology with direct computer interface An integral USB connector offers a simple hassle free connection without meters batteries or power supplies displaying the data in real time directly onto the PC Common water quality parameters include temperature dissolved oxygen pH ORP NO NHz and Cl Every sensor ships with WQSensor Software which offers a simple graphical interface to the smart sensors The software includes the popular NexSens SCIENCE LIBRARY with an interactive periodic table unit converter and other useful science utilities Download a FREE copy today Software Installation WQSensor Software is distributed on CD ROM The setup program starts automatically when the CD is inserted If the program does not load automatically you can manually start the setup process by running Setup exe from the CD ROM drive We suggest that you accept the default options presented by the WQSensor Software setup program Uninstalling WQSensors Software If you need to uninstall WQSensor Software click Settings in the Start Menu Select Control Panel followed by Add Remove Programs Follow the step by step instructions to remove WQSensor Software and all associated files WOSensors User s Manual 2 NexSens Technology Inc 1 Sensor Operation 1 1 lon Selective Electrode Sensors 1 1 1 WQ FL Fluoride ISE Sensor WQSensor probes come ready to go and with
12. SE probes are given as 1 8ppm to 35 500ppm In real world samples the range as you measure near the limits may be quite less depending on the identity of interference ions temperature of samples vs temperature of calibration standards or fouling of the sample being measured To ensure measurement results match the probe range 1 Measure samples in clean beakers and environments where the temperature of the sample matches the temperature of the standard the probe was calibrated 2 Run multiple samples per measurement 3 Ensure long term care of the probe by using ISA buffer solution in measurement standards as well as keeping the probe filling solution clean and full inside of the probe body WQ Sensor User s Manual 38 e ee tt 1328 Parkway Court Beavercreek Ohio 45432 937 426 2703 www nexsens com
13. ane based electrochemical sensors The membrane on the electrode is the component that makes the electrode selective for a particular ion Four different types of ISEs can be described based on the material of the membrane e Glass membrane pH e Solid State membrane Chloride Bromide Fluoride W QSensors User s Manual 33 NexSens Technology Inc e Polymeric membrane Ammonium Calcium Nitrate e Gas Permeable membrane Dissolved Oxygen When an ISE probe is placed in solution the ion of interest i e chloride calcium etc will interact with the ISE membrane in a selective way An electrical potential will develop across the membrane This electrical potential is proportional to the free ionic activity of the solution When the activity increases more free ions in solution the electrode potential becomes more positive when the electrode is sensing a cation and more negative when the electrode is sensing an anion This electrical potential is then measured against a stable electrical potential in a reference electrode WQSensors use combined reference electrodes meaning that the reference electrode is contained within the same probe body as the electrochemical sensing electrode For a tenfold change in ionic activity i e 10ppm to 100ppm the electrode potential at 25 C changes by 59 2 5 mV when the ion being measured is monovalent Br CI F NO3 NH and 29 6 5 mV when the ion being measured is divalent Ca
14. cted concentration of the sample is within the measurement range of the probe Technique Closely follow the methods described in the Making ISE Sensor Measurements section of the manual WOSensors User s Manual 11 NexSens Technology Inc 2 Software Operation 2 1Working with Data After running WQSensors software and connecting a WQSensor real time data can be viewed in the Sensors menu When a single sensor is connected it will be displayed as shown The serial number of the sensor as well as the time of last obtained reading is displayed on the bottom of the screen ssf EF aw ZII E File gensors Settings Library Calibrate Log ny NexSens Technology If multiple sensors are connected they will be displayed in a tabular format as shown Numerical buttons on the bottom of the screen allow scrolling through each panel of four sensors CEF ag aw EZITE 2 File Sensors Settings Library Calibrate Log 07B12345 TEST Last 2 13 2008 10 05 43 AM 107B12345 TEST Last 2 13 2008 10 05 43 AM 12 ED by NexSens Technology WOSensors User s Manual 12 NexSens Technology Inc Logging Data Data can be logged either as single measurements or as a stream of measurements over user specified time intervals This interval can be specified by clicking the Interval button in the Settings menu Logged data can be viewed by clicking the Report button in the View menu To log a single data point click
15. e Calibrate button ISE sensors should be calibrated as often as possible such as each day before use For maximum accuracy calibrate every one to two hours Calibration drift can be checked by immersing the probe in standard If the value has changed significantly since calibration recalibrate WOSensors User s Manual 7 NexSens Technology Inc 1 1 3 Maintenance and Care Sensing Module Assembly LA Install the replacement sensing module into the electrode body by screwing the sensing module until it is hand tight ___ Electrode Body Warning Do not touch the sensing element with your fingers or over tighten the sensing module Sensing 47 Module O Ring gt ISE Sensor Storage Short Term Storage 1 3 days Rinse the electrode thoroughly with distilled or de ionized water Place the tip in a solution of 2 mL of ISA in 100 mL of distilled or de ionized water Slide the Fastfill sleeve up to close the refill holes Long Term Storage Sensor tip The electrode sensor tip should be stored dry Rinse the electrode thoroughly with distilled or de ionized water and blot dry When completely dry place in protective boot in which it was shipped Reference chamber The reference junction should be wet at all times Fill the reference chamber with Reference Filling Solution so that the surface of the solution is above the Reference Fill line Slide sleeve up to close refill holes Salt deposits may form on the refer
16. ement has an atomic mass The atomic mass for nitrogen is 14 because it has 7 electrons and 7 protons The atomic mass for oxygen is 16 because is has 8 protons and 8 electrons The chemical formula for nitrate is NO3 It is a combination of 1 nitrogen atom which has an atomic mass of 14 and 3 oxygen atoms each of which has an atomic mass of 16 Therefore the atomic mass for nitrate is 62 14 48 62 If a solution had a concentration of 62 ppm nitrate it would contain 14 ppm nitrogen and 48 ppm oxygen This can be expressed either as 62 ppm nitrate or 14 ppm nitrate nitrogen To convert from nitrate nitrogen NO3 N to nitrate NO3 simply multiply by 4 43 Nitrate NO Nitrate Nitrogen NO3 N x 4 43 WQ Sensor User s Manual 35 NexSens Technology Inc The conversion factor 4 43 comes from the atomic mass of nitrate divided by the atomic mass of nitrogen 62 14 For instance if 10 and 100 ppm NO N standards were prepared for calibration this would be equal to 44 3 and 443 ppm NO standards For ammonium nitrate NH4 N Similarly the atomic mass for ammonium is 18 This is because ammonium is a combination of 1 nitrogen atom which has an atomic mass of 14 and 4 hydrogen atoms each of which has an atomic mass of 1 To convert from ammonium nitrogen NH4 N to ammonium NH4 simply multiply by 1 286 Ammonium NH Ammonium Nitrogen NH N x 1 286 Similarly if 10 and 100 ppm NH N standards were prepa
17. ence Fill Solution in the reference chamber should be above the reference fill line in the electrode If the reference fill solution is below this line add Reference Fill Solution from the bottle provided To fill slide the sleeve of the electrode Fastfill cap down to uncover the fill holes 3 Shake the electrode downwards like a thermometer to remove any air bubbles trapped inside Make sure to slide Fastfill sleeve to the closed position 4 Rinse the electrode with distilled or de ionized water blot dry Do not rub dry 5 Immerse the tip of the electrode in distilled or de ionized water and stir the water for 5 minutes This will properly clean the electrode Fastfill Cap Sleeve gt USB Connection technology lt Reference Fill Solution Level Reference Fill Line Immersion Line B l B x Replaceable Sensing Module WOSensors User s Manual 4 4 Electrode Body Sensing a Module O Rin a g NexSens Technology Inc Making ISE Sensor Measurements The quality of results depends on the quality and accuracy of the measurement technique and standards used The following guidelines are recommended Ls Prepare fresh standards for calibration daily Prepare at least two standard solutions that differ in concentration by a factor of 10 and bracket the expected sample values The standards are typically prepared by diluting a 1000 ppm stock solution of the ion to be measured Use high qual
18. ence chamber Wipe away any salt deposits with distilled or de ionized water Warm water will remove salt deposits more quickly and is recommended if there is an abundance of salt deposits When ready to use the probe again follow the instructions in the Preparing ISE Sensors for Measurements section of the manual WOSensors User s Manual 8 NexSens Technology Inc Cleaning and Reconditioning Solid State I SE Although the WQ FL is a solid state ISE it should not be polished To clean simply rinse thoroughly with water WOSensors User s Manual 9 NexSens Technology Inc 1 1 4 ISE Sensor Troubleshooting Guide Problems may arise due to errors with Electrode function Standards Samples Technique Follow the steps below to isolate the source of the problem Electrode Function The following steps should be performed to test electrode slope Slope is defined as the change in millivolts observed with every ten fold change in concentration e A WQ FL sensor slope should typically be between 58 2 mV 5mV at 25 C per decade of concentration Every 1 2 a degree in temperature generally moves this value up or down 0 1 mV Observing the slope value provides the best means for checking electrode performance This can be done by checking the GLP file or by turning on mV in the Settings menu during calibration The difference between the mV values of first and the second standards is identified as the electrode slope
19. g devices Monitors B Network adapters 5 Ports COM amp LPT MR Processors amp SCSI and RAID controllers Sound video and game controllers System devices Universal Serial Bus controllers Update Driver N Disable Uninstall VIAR Scan for hardware changes troller VIA R troller Properties Launches the Hardware Update Wizard for the selected device If you need further assistance call a NexSens Support Representative at 937 426 2151 or email us at info NexSens com Installation for Windows Vista In Windows Vista driver installation is automatic You may see a small screen pop up on the bottom right hand corner of the screen for the first few seconds the device is plugged in after which it will appear in the software Appendix E I SE Frequently Asked Questions 1 What is an I SE probe 2 What is I SA and why is it added when using many of the I SE probes 3 What is the relationship between ionic activity and concentration 4 What is the difference between Nitrogen Nitrate and Nitrate Or Nitrogen Ammonium and Ammonium How do you convert from Molarity M to parts per million ppm and mg L How do I dilute the stock standard to make lower concentrations of standards for calibration 7 What is the real world range of I SE probes e 1 What is an I SE probe ISE stands for lon Selective Electrode lon Selective Electrodes are membr
20. ic activity depends on the total ionic strength of the solution which is a measure of its overall ionic composition In general as ionic strength increases the ratio of ionic activity to the ionic concentration that portion of the total concentration which is uncomplexed for a given species changes This ratio is called the activity coefficient For solutions which contain only uncomplexed ions the total concentration is simply the ionic activity divided by the activity coefficient Adding ISA ionic strength adjuster to all standards and solutions helps to remove any differences among solution caused by variations in ionic strength 4 What is the difference between Nitrogen Nitrate and Nitrate Or Nitrogen Ammonium and Ammonium Nitrogen exists in various forms including nitrate NO3 ammonium NHz and ammonia NH3 In order to differentiate among the various forms of nitrogen in a Sample analysis of nitrogen is often expressed in terms of the amount of nitrogen combined in its various forms such as nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen The term nitrate nitrogen defines all the nitrogen in the sample that exists as nitrate and the term ammonium nitrogen defines all the nitrogen in the sample that exists as ammonium There is a simple mathematical relationship to convert from the expression of nitrate to nitrate nitrogen or ammonium to ammonium nitrogen This relationship is based on the chemical formula for the ion Every el
21. ity distilled or deionized water for dilution Always add ISA to ensure that all samples and standards have a similar ionic strength Use ISA in a 1 1 sample to ISA ratio for the WQ FL probe Calibrate and measure all samples and standards at the same temperature within 1 C If temperature changes occur the sensor should be recalibrated Always have the Fastfill sleeve open during measurements This puts atmospheric pressure on the reference fluid giving a more reproducible flow out of the junction After immersion in solution check the electrode for any air bubbles on the sensing element Remove any air bubbles by gently tapping on the electrode Make sure that the Reference Filling Solution is higher than the sample level Make sure that the sample level covers the immersion line on probe Stirring is recommended as it decreases the amount of time needed to reach equilibrium Stir thoroughly at a slow to moderate speed using either a magnetic stirrer or the probe as a stirring rod Stirring rate should be consistent among all standards and samples Note Magnetic stirrers may generate enough heat to change solution temperature A piece of insulating material such as cork cardboard or Styrofoam between the stir plate and beaker will help prevent heat transfer Always rinse electrodes with distilled or deionized water between measurements Blot dry Never rub dry Note The WQ FL sensor functions in a pH range of 5 7 for dilute
22. izard automatically again Therefore Windows Device Manager will have to be used The Device Manager can be accessed by going to the Start menu and clicking on Control Panel Click on the file labeled System C Control Panel Joka de File Edit View Favorites Tools Help id PI Search Wea Folders z Address Control Panel e el Go accessibility Options af Speech SE Add Hardware tg symantec LiveUpdate Add or Remove Programs 49 System ag Administrative Tools wl Taskbar and Start Menu EAN Automatic Updates 80 User Accounts FF Windows CardSpace E Windows Firewall 4 Folder Options 22 Wireless Network Setup Wizard EA Fonts Game Controllers Dy Internet Options Java Keyboard CB mail Mouse Network Connections be Network Setup Wizard I Phone and Modem Options Power Options ba Printers and Faxes El program Updates Regional and Language Options Sy Scanners and Cameras scheduled Tasks Security Center Ra SigmaTel Audio 1 Sounds and Audio Devices WQSensors User s Manual 31 NexSens Technology Inc The System Properties dialog box will appear Go to the Hardware tab and click Device Manager System Properties System Restore LL Automatic Updates Remote General ComputerName Hardware Advanced Device Manager The Device Manager lists all the hardware devices installed a on your computer Use the Device Manager
23. lope value provides the best means for checking electrode performance This can be done by checking the GLP file or by turning on mV in the Settings menu during calibration 1 Connect the ISE sensor to the PC via the USB connector 2 Slide the sleeve of the electrode FastFil cap down to uncover the fill holes 3 Place 100 mL of the lower concentration standard into a 150 mL beaker Add 2 mL of ISA Stir thoroughly Note A smaller volume of standard and ISA may be used but ensure the standard covers the immersion line indicated on the probe and that ISA is added in a 50 1 standard to ISA ratio 4 Rinse electrode with distilled or de ionized water blot dry and then place in the beaker Current readings in concentration and mV will appear on the screen Wait for the mV readings to stabilize this could take 1 2 minutes 5 Press the Calibrate button and click on the ISE ppm reading Enter the concentration value of the first standard and press the Calibrate button 6 Measure 100 mL of the higher concentration standard into a second 150 mL beaker Add 2 mL of ISA Stir thoroughly 7 Rinse electrode with distilled or de ionized water blot dry and place in the second beaker Current readings in concentration and mV will appear on the screen Wait for the readings to stabilize this could take 1 2 minutes 8 Press the Calibrate button and click on the ISE ppm reading Enter the concentration value of the second standard and press th
24. ntration range of your sample For example if you expect the chloride concentrations in your samples to be 20 to 80 ppm you should prepare standards that are 10 and 100 ppm To prepare standards from your stock standard follow the subsequent formula V C V C Where V Volume and C Concentration V C are the volume and concentration of your stock standard where VC are the volume and concentration of your diluted standard When preparing a new standard from stock standard Vi volume of stock standard is your unknown For example say you want to prepare 100 mL of 10 ppm and 100 ppm chloride standard from your 1000 ppm stock standard Then you need to figure out what volume of your stock standard Is used For the 10 ppm standard V1 the volume of stock standard used to make your new more dilute standard This is your unknown C1 1000 ppm in the stock solution V2 total volume made in the more dilute standard you are making 100 mL C2 concentration of new more dilute standard 10 ppm Vi V2C2 Ci Vi 100 10 1000 1 mL of 1000 ppm stock standard Therefore pipette 1 mL of 1000 ppm standard into a 100 mL volumetric flask then bringing to 100 mL volume with distilled or deionized water Note ISA is added to the standard after the dilution Its volume is not considered in the dilution This is because it will also be added to the samples This way both the standards and samples are equally diluted by the ISA
25. o to the location of the driver By default the driver is located in C Program Files NexSens WQSensor Driver waqsensor inf Found New Hardware Wizard Please choose your search and installation options Search for the best driver in these locations Use the check boxes below to limit or expand the default search which includes local paths and removable media The best driver found will be installed Search removable media floppy CD ROM Include this location in the search C Program Files NexSens WGSensor Driver Don t search will choose the driver to install Choose this option to select the device driver from a list Windows does not guarantee that the driver you choose will be the best match for vour hardware Click Ok Browse For Folder E wWosensor QD tmp D devlib H FirmwareUpdate 5 SampleDatabaseWalkthror O SoftwareUpdate TIT To view any subfolders click a plus sign above WQSensors User s Manual 29 NexSens Technology Inc 3 If the following dialog box appears click Continue Anyway Hardware Installation rN The software you are installing for this hardware NexSens WOQSensor has not passed Windows Logo testing to verify its compatibility with Windows XP Tell me why this is i testing is important Continuing your installation of this software may impair or destabilize the correct operation of your system either immediately or in the fu
26. r higher or Windows XP Appendix D Step by Step Driver I nstallation After installation of the WQSensor Software USB communicate with the sensor will be enabled When the adapter is plugged in for the first time Windows will automatically recognize it and start the Found New Hardware wizard See the following sections for details Installation for Windows 2000 When the USB adapter is plugged in for the first time Windows will detect and start the Found New Hardware Wizard Found New Hardware Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install a device driver for a hardware device To continue click Next WQSensors User s Manual NexSens Technology Inc 2 Check the Search for suitable driver for my device option Click Next to continue Found New Hardware Wizard Install Hardware Device Drivers a device driver is a software program that enables a hardware device to work with Sy an operating system This wizard will complete the installation for this device oy USB Device 4 device driver is a software program that makes a hardware device work Windows needs driver files for your new device To locate driver files and complete the installation click Next What do you want the wizard to do Search for a suitable driver for my device recommended Display a list of the known drivers for this device so that can choose a specific driver lt Back
27. red for calibration this would be equal to 12 86 and 128 6 ppm NH standards Note The standards sold with the WQSensors are sold as 1000 ppm NO3 N and 1000 ppm NH N 5 How do you convert from Molarity M to parts per million ppm and mg L The molarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution The molar mass of any particle atom molecule formula or ion is the sum of the average atomic masses of all atoms forming that particle This is also Known as molecular weight The molar mass of an atom Is its average atomic mass expressed in grams The atomic mass of all atoms can be found in the periodic table For dilute solutions one part per million equals one mg L In most cases the two are considered equal To convert from molarity to ppm first determine the molar mass of a substance For instance chloride has a molar mass of 35 5 rounded up from 35 45 A solution with 1 M concentration would have 35 5 g of chloride per 1 L of solution Chloride Molarity grams L Parts Per Million milligrams L moles Liter g L ppm mg L M 35 500 35 500 WQ Sensor User s Manual 36 NexSens Technology Inc 6 How do I dilute the stock standard to make lower concentrations of standards for calibration Standards are made from the 1000 ppm or 10 M stock standard When preparing standards you should prepare two standards that differ by a factor of 10 and bracket the expected conce
28. s User s Manual 21 NexSens Technology Inc Open an existing project TO open a previously created project select Open from the File menu Select the project to open and click OK WQSensors software will begin using that project file as the current project CEF ag aw EZITE p Sensors Settings Library Rename d by NexSens Technology Renaming project files To rename the current project select Rename from the File menu Enter a new name and click OK To rename projects other than the current one simply select Open and select the project to be renamed from the list of existing projects This project can then be renamed on this tab ia ag aw EZ 2S a 2S eee i ene Sensors Settings Library red by NexSens Technology WOSensors User s Manual 22 NexSens Technology Inc Appendix Appendix A Material Safety Data Sheets Material Safety Data Sheets can be found at http www nexsens com support msds htm Appendix B Warranty and Service NexSens Technology Inc warrants WQSensors against defects in materials or workmanship for a period of 6 months from the date of delivery to the original customer This warranty Is limited to the replacement or repair of such defects without charge when the instrument is returned to NexSens Technology Inc Damage due to accidents misuse tampering lack of reasonable care loss of parts failure to perform prescribed maintenance or accidents of nature are not covered This warran
29. solutions and 5 11 for more concentrated samples The addition of the TISAB ISA in a 1 1 ratio adjusts the ionic strength and also masks interfering compounds or ions from the probe The TISAB ISA has an acetate buffer at pH5 4 so it also helps to adjust the pH to the appropriate range WOSensors User s Manual 5 NexSens Technology Inc Filling hole Measurement should be _ uncovered Techniques during measurement Filling solution level p if should be higher than I sample level Reference Fresh standard 4 junction must wih cA D be immersed Stir all standards and samples consistently either manually or with stir plate Place insulation between stirrer and beaker W QSensors User s Manual NexSens Technology Inc Calibrating ISE Sensors Prepare two standard solutions that differ in concentration by a factor of ten and bracket the expected sample concentration range i e 10 ppm amp 100 ppm standard if measuring samples between 20 and 50 ppm Standards should be made fresh daily The standards should be at the same temperature as the sample During or after calibration observe the mV reading slope Slope is defined as the change in millivolts observed with every ten fold change in concentration e A WQ FL sensor slope should typically be between 58 2 mV 5mV at 25 C per decade of concentration Every 1 2 a degree in temperature generally moves this value up or down 0 1 mV Observing the s
30. to change the properties of any device Drivers ee Driver Signing lets you make sure that installed drivers are Eo compatible with Windows Windows Update lets you set up how Windows connects to Windows Update for drivers Hardware Profiles Hardware profiles provide a way for you to set up and store ez different hardware configurations Hardware Profiles 4 Device Manager File Action View Help e amp E zmag 4 Floppy disk controllers Floppy disk drives Wi Human Interface Devices IDE ATAJATAPI controllers Keyboards Mice and other pointing devices Monitors BB Network adapters Y Ports COM amp LPT MB Processors amp SCSI and RAID controllers Sound video and game controllers System devices Universal Serial Bus controllers USB Root Hub USB Root Hub USB Root Hub VIA Rev 5 or later USB Universal Host Controller VIA Rev 5 or later USB Universal Host Controller VIA USB Enhanced Host Controller WQSensors User s Manual 32 NexSens Technology Inc Right click on the device and select Update Driver This will restart the Found New Hardware Wizard Go back to step one and follow to install the driver Device Manager YO File Action View Help mFS e ALLRA 3 Floppy disk controllers dd Floppy disk drives gj Human Interface Devices 4 IDE ATAJATAPI controllers ie Keyboards Mice and other pointin
31. ture Microsoft strongly recommends that you stop this installation now and contact the hardware vendor for software that has passed Windows Logo testing Continue Anyway STOP Installation i 4 Windows will search for the driver Found New Hardware Wizard Found New Hardware Wizard Please wait while the wizard searches Please wait while the wizard installs the software op NexSens WOSensor wOQ TEMP E NexSens WOSensor Cy im Setting 4 system restore point and backing up old files in case your system needs to be restored in the future Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard The wizard has finished installing the software for 2 NexSens WOSensor Note The above steps only need to be completed successfully once Click Finish to close the wizard Finish WQSensors User s Manual 30 NexSens Technology Inc If for any reason the following window appears Hardware Update Wizard Cannot Install this Hardware There was a problem installing this hardware 2 USB Device An error occurred during the installation of the device The driver cannot be installed because it is either not digitally signed or not signed in the appropriate manner Contact your hardware vendor Click Finish to close the wizard Finish The driver will need to be reinstalled Typically Windows will not redisplay the Found New Hardware w
32. ty excludes all other warranties express or implied and Is limited to a value not exceeding the purchase price of the instrument Limitation of Warranty This warranty is not applicable to any NexSens Technology Inc product damage or failure caused by i failure to install operate or use the product in accordance with NexSens Technology Inc written instructions ii abuse or misuse of the product iii failure to maintain the product in accordance with NexSens Technology Inc written instructions iv any improper repairs to the product v use by you of defective or improper components or parts in servicing or repairing the product or vi modification of the product in any way not expressly authorized by NexSens Technology Inc Warning NexSens Technology Inc products are not authorized for use as critical components in any life support system where failure of the product is likely to affect its safety or effectiveness Authorized U S Service Centers Corporate Headquarters NexSens Technology Inc 1328 Parkway Court Dayton Ohio 45432 Phone 937 426 2703 Fax 937 426 1125 E Mail support nexsens com WOSensors User s Manual 23 NexSens Technology Inc Appendix C Computer Requirements WQSensor Software requires the following minimum system configuration Pentium class PC 64 MB RAM 100 MB hard drive 2MB video card CD ROM drive for Software installation Adobe Flash Windows 2000 SP1 o
33. urrent log interval in seconds To change the interval enter a new value and click Apply VIP 7 ae EZITE File Sensors Settings Library Interval Application WQ DO Sensor NexSens Technology Please see the Logging Data section for starting and stopping this feature WOSensors User s Manual NexSens Technology Inc 2 4 Science Library The WQSensor software Library menu is a desktop reference for water wastewater and environmental professionals It s packed with tables calculations and many conversions Features include e Converting units of measure Calculating flow over a weir Determining the inside diameter of PVC pipe Finding the ammonia tolerance level for rainbow trout Determining the atomic weight of bromine Finding the concentrations of elements in sea water And much more CEF a7 ae ZII ft File Settings Environmental Mechanical Electrical Unit Conversion AEEA FAE PEE sip ala of ele i Fle SEE EEE mb ecia cee ers 3y NexSens Technology na BEN LLLE IELAI EA ie Settings library Help Chemical F Environmental Mechanical Electrical 3y NexSens Technology WOSensors User s Manual 19 NexSens Technology Inc 2 5 Help and Support WQSensors software integrates the internet into part of its functionality Software updates technical support and other information can be obtained in the Help menu CEF a7 a 2 II ft File Sensors Settings Library heip
34. w introduction animation This option specifies whether to display the opening animation that plays each time WQSensors software is started Un checking this box will disable the software from playing the animation each time Remember last menu location This option specifies whether the WQSensors software should reload the last menu opened each time the WQSensors software starts Un checking this box will make the Sensors menu the default page when starting WQSensors software This feature is useful if a specific Library menu table or formula is used often Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit This option specifies whether to display temperature values in Celsius or Fahrenheit Un checking this box will display all temperature readings in degrees Fahrenheit Show mV values This option specifies whether the Sensors menu should display the mV readings from the sensors Un checking this box will disable the display of mV values mV readings are diagnostic information and are not required to take measurements They are useful however in determining sensor performance and calibration CIEL ag aw EZITE File Sensors Settings Library Interval Application WQ DO Sensor 4 by NexSens Technology WQSensors User s Manual 17 NexSens Technology Inc Changing Log Interval The intervals at which the sensor logs data can be changed in the Software Logging Interval menu Clicking the Interval button on the Settings menu displays the c
35. with CEF a7 ae ZII lt File Sensors Settings Library Calibrate d by NexSens Technology WQSensors User s Manual 14 NexSens Technology Inc 2 2 Data Validation and Review Good Laboratory Practice Files WQSensors software automatically records every calibration to a Good Laboratory Practice GLP file The GLP file will include the time data sample readings and diagnostic data for each calibration This file is stored on the sensor and will carry over from PC to PC U CEF ay a ZII lt File Sensors Settings Library di by NexSens Technology WOSensors User s Manual 15 NexSens Technology Inc Data Reports Data is stored inside WQSensors software project files and can be viewed in graphical statistical and tabular formats To view this data click the View button then click the Report button Select the desired report options and then click Generate CEF ag aw EZITE File Sensors Settings Library 3y NexSens Technology H2skon Haxon n a 08C06142 DO NEXSENS Sample Date Time DOSat DO Temperature technology A mg L le l 3 13 2008 5 14 08 PM 98 04 7 89 26 42 3 13 2008 5 14 10 PM 98 04 7 89 26 42 3 13 2008 5 14 11 PM 98 04 17 89 26 42 3 13 2008 5 14 12 PM 198 04 7 89 26 42 3 13 2008 5 14 13 PM 98 04 17 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 14 PM 98 04 7 89 26 43 13 13 2008 5 14 15 PM 198 03 7 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 16 PM 98 03 17 89 26 43 3 13 2008 5 14 17 PM 198 03 7
36. with your permission qurreserazzezaaseneneaneazenaeneznenanesezanesenesenee m Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software O Yes this time only O Yes now and every time connect a device O No not this time Click Next to continue Cancel n 2a If the WQSensor installation CD is in the CD ROM drive then click the Install the Software automatically option and click Next This is the recommended method if the WQSensor CD is available Windows will scan the CD and automatically install the driver Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for NexSens wOSensor wWOQ TEMP If your hardware came with an installation CD 22 or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do Install from a list or specific location Advanced Click Next to continue J WOSensors User s Manual NexSens Technology Inc 2b If the WQSensor software is unavailable or the software has been downloaded from the internet Check Specify a location and click Next Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for NexSens wOSensor wOQ TEMP If your hardware came with an installation CD 22 or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do O Install the software automatically Recommended IST OF specinc location AdYanceo Click Next to continue Click Browse and g
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