Logger Placement / Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual
Contents
1. 19 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual b Solution Table The table shows the details of each top solution as shown in Figure 10 The details of the junctions contained in the solution are shown Each junction corresponds to a candidate location to install pressure logger The dropdown menu above the table can be used to navigate among different top solutions The contents of the tables are described below i Node ID The column shows the index of the junction contained in the solution ii Node Label The column shows the label of the junction contained the solution iii Events Coverage The column shows the number of events that can be covered by installing pressure logger at this junction 3 lt Save gt button User can save the result to a text file by clicking on the lt Save gt button A file browser will open and user can determine the path and the name of the output file gt Navigation e lt Back gt o Back to lt Parameters Setting gt page e lt Save gt o Save the result to a text file e lt Exit gt o The program exits 20 Bentley System Inc FBentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Result za Bentley Sustaining intrastructure Model File C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porject _PSolver Debug ctown inp Logger Placement ydrant Selection Solver Figure 10 lt Result gt page Solution HYDRANT SELECTION TOOL USER GUID2. b Click on lt Display File Path gt button the file path of the text file containing candidate junctions will be displayed 4 Parameters The options in this section are used in generating the leakage events d Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual lt Leakage Type and Value gt This option specifies the leakage type and amount used in generating database A dropdown menu is used to indicate the type of the leakage added to the junctions Two options lt Extra Demand gt and lt Emitter Coefficient gt are available i lt Extra Demand gt If this type of leakage is selected the program will choose a random value between minimum value and maximum value specified in following two textboxes The base demand at the randomly selected junction will be increased by the chosen value in hydraulic simulation ii lt Emitter Coefficient gt If this type of leakage is selected the program will choose a random value between minimum value and maximum value specified in following two textboxes The emitter coefficient at the randomly selected junction will be increased by the chosen value in hydraulic simulation lt Number of Leakage Nodes gt This option specifies how many junctions are randomly selected to create leakage in the system The program will choose a random number of junctions between minimum number and maximum number specified in following two textboxes lt Pressure Logger A
3. introduction to the Darwin Framework GUI and each parameter can be found in Darwin Framework user manual After the optimization completes user can simply close the GUI and the lt Parameters Setting page will show again If valid results are obtained i e a non empty text file TopSolution txt which is default output file of Darwin Framework GUI is generated in the working directory the lt Result gt button on lt Parameters Setting gt page will be enabled and can be used to show the transcribed results 16 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Stopping Criteria Method Selection Top Solutions to Keep Typical 2to 10 Constraint Handling Using Penalty Maximum Generations Typical 500 to 2000 Penalty Factor 10 0 Typical 10to 20 Maximum Eras 67 Typical 6to 20 Number of Objective 1 Typical 1to 10 Maximum Trials Typical 10000 to Huge Random Seed 0 Typical Any integer Max Non Improve Gens Typical 100 to 300 Optimization Number of Generations Last Improve Generation Number of Tnals N A Best Evolution Fitness Obj2 Value Obj1 Value Figure 8 Darwin Framework GUI gt Navigation e Close GUI window o Back to lt Parameters Setting gt page 17 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual RESULT PAGE If user clicks on the lt Result gt button on lt Paramet
4. Solver Figure 14 lt Parameters Setting gt page 4 Select Your Database File This section specifies the database file and its type used in the Darwin optimization A database file and its type are automatically selected which has two possibilities as follows a If user navigates from lt Database Creation Selection gt page the selected database and its type on the previous page will be automatically selected here b If user navigates from lt Creating Database gt page the created database and its type will be automatically selected here 27 5 Bentley System Inc Fj Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual The database file and its type can be changed to any existing database file by using the lt Browse gt button and database type dropdown menu However the database and its type should match since the program will not detect the type of the database The mismatch between database and its type may lead to undefined behavior of the program Method Selection This section specifies the methods used for compute the result User can either choose Darwin Framework to automatically do the optimization or manually evaluates a specific logger placement Two options on this page are given for these two purposes They are described one by one below a Optimize Solution If this option is selected Darwin Framework is used to do the optimization User need to supply with the lt Number of Flowing Hydrants
5. b The second metrics is that the average number of events that can be detected at selected candidate locations The larger the better The fitness computation is designed so that the first metrics will dominate the evaluation The second metrics will only be used if two tentative placements detect same number of leakage events The computed fitness is then sent back to the Darwin Framework 3 The Darwin Framework evolves the solutions based on the received fitness value Darwin Framework j a qi Qi ws co a a Monte Carlo method to create events Placement Evaluation Database Figure 19 Flow chart of optimization 37
6. on the lt Start Darwin Optimization Framework gt button will start the Darwin Framework GUI for user to do optimization After the Darwin Framework GUI shows the program will hide itself until Darwin Framework GUI exits If valid results are obtained the grayed out lt Result gt button will be enabled and can be used to navigate to the lt Result gt page where the optimal event coverage results are shown Reamark It is recommended that user starts from smaller number of loggers gradually increases the number of loggers and doing multiple runs of optimizations In such way the optimal number of loggers needed can be figured out b Evaluate One Solution If this option is selected user needs to specify the number and locations of pressure loggers manually The program will compute the result based on the database and show the result on lt Result gt page when lt Result gt button is clicked A textbox and two new buttons will show to help user with manual input as shown in Figure 7 A manual input file is a text file containing the labels of junctions where pressure loggers are installed with one label per line User can use lt Browse gt button to open the manual input file and lt Edit gt button to edit the file If lt Edit gt button is clicked before any file is selected a default empty file is created for user to edit The text file must be saved before exiting the editor to be effective User can click on the lt Result gt button t
7. specified the most closed value in the database may be the actual value used if exact value cannot find in the database The actual values used can be found in 28 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual lt Result gt page later User can use lt Browse gt button to open the manual input file and lt Edit gt button to edit the file If lt Edit gt button is clicked before any file is selected a default empty file is created for user to edit The text file must be saved before exiting the editor to be effective User can click on the lt Result gt button to see the result of pipe coverage result corresponding to the input file Parameters Setting Select Your Database File Hydrant Selection Database v C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS _porject LP Number of Rows 9622 Method Selection Optimize Solution Evaluate One Solution C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_por MIN flow 32 MAX flow 128 Hydrant Selection Solver ae Figure 15 lt Parameters Setting gt page Evaluation One Solution gt Navigation e Back o Back to Database Creation Selection gt page e Result 29 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual o Shows the lt Result gt page o Enabled if Darwin Framework completed and results obtained lt Evaluate One Solution option is selected e lt Exit gt o The program exits DARWIN FR
8. to solve this problem At the first stage a Monte Carlo method is used to generate a large number of random events each of them represents either demand change and or leakage flow All the events are simulated by conducting hydraulic model analysis The simulated nodal pressures are compared with the baseline condition The pressure change at each node is evaluated with respect of logger accuracy If the pressure change for an event is greater than the logger accuracy a value of 1 is assigned to the node Otherwise a O is assigned to the node Thus a binary database is constructed for the randomized event for a given distribution system The constructed binary database is employed to optimize the pressure logger locations in the second stage The pressure logger locations are optimized for a given Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual number of loggers such that the randomized events are detected or covered as many as possible lt DATABASE CREATION gt PAGE If a new logger placement evaluation database is required to be created on lt Database Creation Selection gt page lt Database Creation gt page shows as in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The page asks for input of user to all required parameters for creating new evaluation database G sie p CN A p tee eed FX p Ata A ANG OGGET rialement IYUNG E ad i Cc sno bo prod pl at a PAIN BE NAK a J Pi a OOOO Database Creation prz
9. AMEWORK GUI WINDOW If user chooses Darwin Framework to do the optimization the program will do all necessary preparations for using Darwin Framework After starting the Darwin Framework GUI window the program hides itself and the GUI shows as in Figure 16 Darwin Framework GUI is used for user to modify GA algorithm parameters and run the optimization User can modify all the parameters in the window and start the optimization by clicking on lt Start gt button The detailed introduction to the Darwin Framework GUI and each parameter can be found in Darwin Framework user manual After the optimization completes user can simply close the GUI and the lt Parameters Setting gt page will show again If valid results are obtained i e a non empty text file TopSolution txt which is default output file of Darwin Framework GUI is generated in the working directory the lt Result gt button on lt Parameters Setting gt page will be enabled and can be used to show the transcribed results 30 Bentley System Inc Bj Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual GA Options Stopping Criteria Method Selection Fast Messy Genetic Agorithm Top Solutions to Keep 3 Typical 2 to 10 Constraint Handling Using Penalty Maximum Generations 15 Typical 500 to A000 Penalty Factor 10 0 Typical 10 to 20 Maximum Eras 67 Typical amp to 20 Number of Objective 1 Typical 1 ta 10 Madmum Trials Typical 10000 te
10. Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual USER S MANUAL FOR PRESSURE LOGGER PLACEMENT AND HYDRANT SELECTION OPTIMIZAITON TOOLS Applied Research Bentley Systems Incorporated Watertown CT 06795 USA Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Acknowledgement This tool is developed during the course of the research projects from 2011 to 2012 The projects were in topics of pressure logger placement and hydrant selection optimization for water distribution system undertaken by Yuan Song the Ph D Candidate in Computer Science and Engineering at University of Connecticut under the direction and supervision of Zheng Yi Wu the director Applied Research at Bentley Systems Incorporated This tool is distributed free of charge and used with your own responsibility Citation will be appreciated for using the tool for your publications and presentations Citation Song Y and Wu Z Y 2012 Pressure Logger Placement and Hydrant Selection Optimization Tool Applied Research Bentley Systems Incorporated Watertown CT USA Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual INTRODUCTION This document is a detailed user manual on how to use Logger Placement LP and Hydrant Selection HS tool for optimizing pressure logger placement and hydrant selection It elaborates on how to use the tool spec
11. E This chapter is a user guide for using the tool to solve logger placement problem An overview of the pressure logger placement problem is given Then the contents and uses of all pages related to the problem are described one by one in details HYDRANT SELECTION PROBLEM OVERVIEW 21 Bentley System Inc Fi Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual lt DATABASE CREATION gt PAGE If anew hydrant selection evaluation database is required to be created on lt Database Creation Selection gt page lt Database Creation gt page shows as in Figure 11 and Figure 12Figure 4 The page asks for input of user to all required parameters for creating new evaluation database Database Creation prz HA en t le Hydrant Flow Response Database Ka 4 hee y i Sustaining Infrastructure For Hydrant Selection Model File Selection Input C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS _porject LPSolver Debug ctown inp Number of Junctions 388 Number of Links 429 Save To Output C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porject LPSolver Debug ctown_HSDB hsd Save Parameters Candidate Hydrants Selection Use All Hydrants Use Selected Hydrants Parameters Leakage Type and Value MIN MAX INTERVAL Hydrant How hd 32 128 4 Evaluation Criteria 0 4 a Logger Placement oS Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 11 lt Database Creation gt page All parameters must be specified or the error check functions will prevent user from proceeding The paramete
12. HA e ntle s Leakage Event Response Database mas 4 bg y Sustaining Infrastructure For Logger Placement Model File Selection Input CAUsers Yuan Song Desktop HS_pojeci LP Solver Debug town inp Number of Junctions 388 Number of Links 429 Save To Output C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porect LP Solver Debug ctown_LPDB Ipd 1 Save Parameters Save Scenarios Candidate Junctions Selection Use All Junctions Use Selected Junctions Parameters Leakage Type and Value Number of Leakage Nodes Number of Events Pressure Logger Accuracy 0 1 a Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 3 lt Database Creation gt page Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual All parameters must be specified or the error check functions will prevent user from proceeding The parameters are described one by one below 1 Model File Selection Input The hydraulic model file is specified here The model file should be in exact same format as that used in EPANET2 The model file must be selected by file browser which is opened by clicking on the lt Browse gt button a The number of junctions and the number of links pipes contained in the model will be displayed below the file path textbox 2 Save To Output The path and name of the database output file is specified here The path and name can either be manually entered or selected by file browser which is open
13. Huge Random Seed 0 5 Typical Any integer Max Non Improve Gens Typical 100 to 300 Optimization Number of Generations amp Last Improve Generation 3 ee 5 Best Evolution Fines 3674778811035 No 5042 Trial NG Figure 16 Darwin Framework GUI gt Navigation e Close GUI window o Back to lt Parameters Setting gt page 31 RESULT PAGE Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual If user clicks on the lt Result gt button on lt Parameters Setting gt page the result page will show as in Figure 17 and Figure 18 The result page shows optimized result computed by Darwin Framework or the result of one specific placement provided by user depending on the user s choice on lt Parameters Setting gt page Each solution is a combination of junctions which are the candidate locations to install pressure loggers The function of each section on the page is described one by one below 3 Model File To display the result the program needs to read relevant information from 4 model file By default the path of the model file is set as the same one used in creating the database If the model file is moved user needs to use lt Browse gt button to browse to the model file and use lt Refresh Result gt button to show the updated result if the tables are not updated correctly Tables Area Two tables summary table and solution table are availa
14. Parameters Setting gt page 1 Select Your Database File This section specifies the database file and its type used in the Darwin optimization A database file and its type are automatically selected which has two possibilities as follows a If user navigates from lt Database Creation Selection gt page the selected database and its type on the previous page will be automatically selected here b If user navigates from lt Creating Database gt page the created database and its type will be automatically selected here 13 2 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual The database file and its type can be changed to any existing database file by using the lt Browse gt button and database type dropdown menu However the database and its type should match since the program will not detect the type of the database The mismatch between database and its type may lead to undefined behavior of the program Method Selection This section specifies the methods used for compute the result User can either chooses Darwin Framework to automatically do the optimization or manually evaluates a specific logger placement Two options on this page are given for these two purposes They are described one by one below a Optimize Solution If this option is selected Darwin Framework is used to do the optimization User need to supply with the lt Number of Loggers gt used in the optimization Click
15. age box reminding the storing location of the database file will show up for confirmation before proceeding to lt Parameters Settings gt page 11 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Creating Database 5 Benfley Sustaining Infrastructure 28 completed SEU re Logger Placement se Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 5 lt Creating Database gt page gt Navigation e Exit o The program exits and the creation process will be cancelled Part of the database file may have been written and user may need to delete the file manually lt PARAMETERS SETTING gt PAGE If user selected an existing database on lt Database Creation Selection gt page or the creation process on lt Creating Database gt page finished the lt Parameters Settings gt page will show as in 12 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Figure 6 The page prepares parameters for starting the optimization The function of each section is described one by one below Parameters Setting 5 Bentle y Sustaining Infrastructure Select Your Database File Logger Placement Database v C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porect LPSolver Debug ctown_LPDB bin Method Selection Optimize Solution Number of Loggers Evaluate One Solution pp LA Cert 5 Logger Placement Back Result Exit Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 6 lt
16. ble for viewing The contents of the tables are described below a Summary Table The table shows the basic statistics of top solutions as in Figure 17 Solution ID The column shows the index of the top solution Fitness Uncovered Percentage The column shows the percentage of the sum of pipes lengths that are not affected by the solution Number of Affected Pipes Number of Coverable Pipes The column shows the number of pipes that can be covered by the solution over the number of all pipes that can be affected by at least one hydrant If a pipe can be affected by at least one hydrant in the database it is defined as coverable pipe If a pipe is not coverable it simply cannot be affected by any solution and is actually removed during database creation Sum of Affected Pipes lengths Sum of Coverable Pipes lengths The column shows the result that is sum of affected pipes lengths over sum of coverable pipes lengths 32 Bentley System Inc Bj Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Result 5 Model File C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porject LPSolver Debua ctown inp Sustaining intrastructure Number of affected Pipes Sum of pipe lengths Sum of kom of coverable pipe lengths Pipes 30 8922 230 410 39009 8999180794 56447 859923 o g 30 9285 229 410 38989 4099183083 56447 859923 SAF arr 229 410 38956 9999165535 56447 859923 Logger Placement Hydrant Selec
17. ccuracy gt This option specifies the measurement accuracy of pressure loggers Only when the pressure change after adding in the generated leakage is greater than the value specified it is considered a valid pressure change otherwise a measurement error For specific leakage event and candidate junction if the pressure change caused by the leakage event is greater than the pressure logger accuracy a 1 is written to the corresponding position of the database otherwise a O is written instead lt Seed gt This option specifies the random seed used in leakage events generation For same seed the randomly generated leakage events sets with same leakage parameters for different runs will be same This is good for debug but may not be good for evaluation Changing the seed will lead to different leakage events sets lt Number of Events gt This option specifies the number of events generated for the database A larger number leads to a larger size of database A larger size of database may better evaluate the placement while decreasing the optimization Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual speed A rule of thumb is that a larger number of events should be generated for the hydraulic model with a larger scale gt Navigation e Back o Back to Database Creation Selection gt page e lt Create gt o If the input passed the inspection of error checking function go to the
18. e database file will show up for confirmation before proceeding to lt Parameters Settings gt page 25 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Creating Database 5 Benfley Sustaining Infrastructure 28 completed SEU re Logger Placement se Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 13 lt Creating Database gt page gt Navigation e Exit o The program exits and the creation process will be cancelled Part of the database file may have been written and user may need to delete the file manually lt PARAMETERS SETTING gt PAGE If user selected an existing database on lt Database Creation Selection gt page or the creation process on lt Creating Database gt page finished the lt Parameters Settings gt page will show as in 26 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Figure 14 The page prepares parameters for starting the optimization The function of each section is described one by one below Parameters Setting 5 Be niley Sustaining Infrastructure Select Your Database File Hydrant Selection Database v C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porect _PSolver Debug ctown_HSDB hsd Number of Rows 9622 Number of Cols 410 Method Selection Optimize Solution Number of Flowing Hydrants 1d Start Darwin Optimization Framework Evaluate One Solution H Logger Placement Rasah exit Hydrant Selection
19. ed by clicking on the lt Browse gt button A default file name and path will be generated for convenience The default file is put in the same directory as the model file The filename is in the format of Model File Name LPDB Ipd Other two options in this section are described one by one below a All parameters entered on this page can be saved to a file by checking lt Save Parameters gt checkbox The file will be put in the same directory as the output file The filename is in the format of Output File Name parameters txt b Random generated leakage events can be saved to a file by checking lt Save Scenarios gt checkbox The file will be put in the same directory as the output file The filename is scenarios txt 3 Candidate Junction Selection By default all junctions in the model are used as candidate locations for pressure loggers If there are junctions that cannot be used to install pressure logger user can remove them from candidate locations by selecting lt Use Selected Junctions gt Then two new buttons will appear which help user edit the candidate locations as shown in Figure 4 a Click on lt Edit Candidate File gt button a text file containing all candidate locations will appear in the format of one junction name per line User can remove any junction from candidate locations by removing the whole line containing the junction name The file must be saved before exiting the text editor to be effective
20. ers Setting gt page the result page will show as in Figure 9 and Figure 10 The result page shows optimized result computed by Darwin Framework or the result of one specific placement provided by user depending on the user s choice on lt Parameters Setting gt page Each solution is a combination of junctions which are the candidate locations to install pressure loggers The function of each section on the page is described one by one below 1 Model File To display the result the program needs to read relevant information from model file By default the path of the model file is set as the same one used in creating the database If the model file is moved user needs to use lt Browse gt button to browse to the model file and use lt Refresh Result gt button to show the updated result if the tables are not updated correctly 2 Tables Area Two tables summary table and solution table are available for viewing The contents of the tables are described below a Summary Table The table shows the basic statistics of top solutions as in Figure 9 i Solution ID The column shows the index of the top solution li Fitness Uncovered Percentage The column shows the percentage of the events that are not covered by the solution iii Covered Detectable Events The column shows the number of events that can be covered by the solution over the number of all detectable events If an event can be detected at one of the location contained in
21. gram exits 34 Bentley System Inc Fq Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Loaner Placement Hur LOOC Ee acement F nababa be ref v2 Bes SS IIHF kanang F4 Bentley Sustaining Intrastructure Model File CiNUsers1Yuan Song Desktop HS _porject LPSolver Debug ctown inp 104 P467 P46 116 P467 P46 120 P468 P38 we Logger Placement a a Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 18 lt Result gt page Solution 35 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual TECHNICAL REFERENCE PRESSURE LOGGER PLACEMENT EVALUATION DATABASE CREATION Hydraulic simulation is used to create the evaluation database for pressure logger placement problem In the hydraulic model the junctions are used as candidate locations for pressure loggers Random amount of demand is added to one or more junctions to simulate the leakage event Either emitter coefficient or extra demand can be used to generate the leakage The Monte Carlo method firstly selects random number of junctions from the model Then for each selected Junction a random amount of leakage is added All junctions in the model get equal chance to be selected Both the number of junctions and the amount of leakage follow a uniform distribution with predefined minimum value and maximum value The pressure changes at all junctions are measured before and after the generated leakage A value
22. gt used in the optimization Click on the lt Start Darwin Optimization Framework gt button will start the Darwin Framework GUI for user to do optimization After the Darwin Framework GUI shows the program will hide itself until Darwin Framework GUI exits If valid results are obtained the grayed out lt Result gt button will be enabled and can be used to navigate to the lt Result gt page where the optimal event coverage results are shown Reamark It is recommended that user starts from smaller number of flowing hydrants gradually increases the number of flowing hydrants and doing multiple runs of optimizations In such way the optimal number of flowing hydrants needed can be figured out b Evaluate One Solution If this option is selected user needs to specify the number and locations of flowing hydrants and their amounts of flows manually The program will compute the result based on the database and show the result on lt Result gt page when lt Result gt button is clicked A textbox and two new buttons will show to help user with manual input as shown in Figure 7 The additional information of the database minimum flow and maximum flow used to create the database are shown too A manual input file is a text file containing the labels of junctions where hydrants are installed and their amounts of flows Each line is consisted with junction label and corresponding amount of flow separated by a space Although any amount of flow can be
23. ifically on what input files are needed how to set parameters conduct optimization runs and check results The manual covers the essential steps for using LP HS solver as follows 1 Set parameters and create evaluation database 2 Run Darwin optimization to obtain results 3 Understand the results 4 Examples LP HS SOLVER FILES WIZARD FORM GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE The Logger Placement Hydrant Selection GUI is implemented as a multi pages wizard form The basic form is shown in Figure 1 There are two main parts User interface frame shows the content of current page Three buttons in the bottom area lt Back gt lt Next gt are used for navigation among pages while lt Exit gt button can be used to exit the solver at any time Different pages will be shown depending on the type of the problem and user s selection The application is started with lt Database Creation Selection gt page as shown in Figure 2 which is described in next section Bentley System Inc Fi Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual PAGG RUN SQER OR ENOF YN T tes Renee ke a FA YE ogger Flacement dra t Selection Solver My mai n3 TAN MAPUA P EF AT e PAE ny a t p RON Pag Figure 1 Basic form DATABASE SELECTION CREATION gt PAGE The page Database Selection Creation page is the entry point of the solver User can select which problem to solve and then select to create a database or start o
24. lt Creating Database gt where the creation process begins o If the input does not pass the inspection of error checking function an error message box will pop up indicating the error User will not leave the page e lt Exit gt o The program exits 10 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual G mm y p APETA 5 Fi KY Ati po _ artin Cakar _ CI PAGLINIS IWASTO A CICL LIN 9201Y File Edit Format Database Creation H View Help Leakage Event Response Database 1 7323 For Logger Placement 11317 Model File Selection Input C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porject LPSolver Debug icto Number of Junctions 388 Number of Links Save To Output Save Parameters Save Scenarios Candidate Junctions Selection Use All Junctions Use Selected Junctions Edit Candidates File Display File Path Parameters Leakage Type and Value MIN MAX Number of Leakage Nodes 2 Number of Events Pressure Logger Accuracy 01 ea Logger Placement oS Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 4 lt Database Creation gt page edit candidate junctions lt CREATING DATABASE gt PAGE If user correctly enters all required parameters on lt Database Creation gt page and proceed to database creation lt Creating Database gt page will show as in Figure 5 The page shows the progress of the database creation process When the progress bar reaches 100 the creation is completed A mess
25. nu following the Create Select options can be used to change the type of the problem the solver deals with Choose lt Logger Placement Database gt if pressure mmm 5 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual logger placement is the target problem Different choice will lead to different appearances and functions of following pages gt Navigation e lt Next gt o If lt Create New Database gt is selected go to lt Database Creation page o If lt Select Existing Database is selected go to lt Parameters gt page e lt Exit gt o The program exits The contents and the uses of other pages are described in following sections The pages for pressure logger placement will be introduced first and then followed by the introduction to the pages for hydrant selection problem PRESSURE LOGGER PLACEMENT TOOL USER GUIDE This chapter is a user guide for using the tool to solve logger placement problem An overview of the pressure logger placement problem is given Then the contents and uses of all pages related to the problem are described one by one in details LOGGER PLACEMENT PROBLEM OVERVIEW In order to collect pressure data for model calibration pressure loggers are placed throughout a water distribution system It is important to determine where and how many pressure loggers to be placed in a distribution system A two stage solution method and software tool are developed
26. o see the result of event coverage result corresponding to the input file 14 Bentley System Inc Fi Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual File Edit Parameters Setting Pa Aa tley Help frastructure 3285 3280 Select Your Database File Logger Placement Database bd C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS _porject LP Solver Debj Method Selection Optimize Solution Evaluate One Solution C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_por ae Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 7 lt Parameters Setting gt page Evaluation One Solution gt Navigation e lt Back gt o Back to Database Creation Selection gt page e Result o Shows the lt Result gt page o Enabled if Darwin Framework completed and results obtained lt Evaluate One Solution option is selected e lt Exit gt 15 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual o The program exits DARWIN FRAMEWORK GUI WINDOW If user chooses Darwin Framework to do the optimization the program will do all necessary preparations for using Darwin Framework After starting the Darwin Framework GUI window the program hides itself and the GUI shows as in Figure 8 Darwin Framework GUI is used for user to modify GA algorithm parameters and run the optimization User can modify all the parameters in the window and start the optimization by clicking on lt Start gt button The detailed
27. of 1 is assigned to the junction if the pressure change for an event is greater than the logger accuracy which means the event can be detected at this location Otherwise a O is assigned to the junction which means the event cannot be detected at the location The database is created as a two dimensional binary matrix Each row represents a random leakage event It contains binary pressure responses at all junctions for this event where O represents that the event is detected at the junction while 1 represents not detected Each column represents a candidate junction to place pressure logger It contains all binary pressure responses at this candidate location for all random generated leakage events PRESSURE LOGGER PLACEMENT OPTIMIZATION USING DARWIN FRAMEWORK The Darwin Framework is used to search for a set of candidate locations to place pressure loggers so that maximum number of leakage event can be detected The methodology is described in Figure 19 1 The Darwin Framework passes current tentative placement alternative to the fitness evaluation solver 2 The fitness evaluation solver reads the information of the tentative placement from the database and computes the fitness of the placement The fitness computation is based on two metrics 36 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual The first metrics is that the percentage of the events that are not detected The smaller the better
28. ptimization with an existing database Three main options are available on this page They are described one by one below 1 2 3 Bentley System Inc Bj Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual x prgiit rt AR PP AA Cone ly GA l A AEC nt gt lectio s Solve J oo Ty metin drerst AN 7 Ba Database Selection Creation 5 Be niley Sustaining Infrastructure Welcome use Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver Select existing or create a new database 0 Create New Database Logger Placement Database Ng Select Existing Database Logger Placement Database Select Your Database File C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS _porect LPSolver Debug ctown_LPDB ipd 5 Logger Placement Next Exit Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 2 lt Database Selection Creation page User can select lt Create New Database option to create a new evaluation database After lt Next gt button is clicked lt Database Creation page which helps with the creation of the new database will show If a database was created by the solver before and only the optimization run is needed user can select lt Select Existing Database option After lt Next gt button is clicked lt Parameters gt page which helps with the start of the optimization shows The existing database must be selected by file browser which can be started by clicking on lt Browse gt button Dropdown me
29. rs are described one by one below 22 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual 5 Model File Selection Input The hydraulic model file is specified here The model file should be in exact same format as that used in EPANET2 The model file must be selected by file browser which is opened by clicking on the lt Browse gt button a The number of junctions and the number of links pipes contained in the model will be displayed below the file path textbox 6 Save To Output The path and name of the database output file is specified here The path and name can either be manually entered or selected by file browser which is opened by clicking on the lt Browse gt button A default file name and path will be generated for convenience The default file is put in the same directory as the model file The filename is in the format of Model File Name HSDB hsd The other option in this section is described below a All parameters entered on this page can be saved to a file by checking lt Save Parameters gt checkbox The file will be put in the same directory as the output file The filename is in the format of Output File Name parameters txt 7 Candidate Junction Selection By default all junctions in the model are used as candidate locations for hydrants If there are junctions that do not have hydrants user can remove them from candidate locations by selecting lt Use Selected H
30. th one value generates one database row Two types lt Hydrant Flow gt and lt Emitter Coefficient gt are available i lt Hydrant Flow gt If this type of flow is selected the base demand at the junction will be increased by the chosen value in hydraulic simulation ii lt Emitter Coefficient gt If this type of flow is selected the emitter coefficient at the junction will be increased by the chosen value in hydraulic simulation b lt Evaluation Criteria gt The options in this section specify the metrics used in judging if a pipe is affected by a hydrant or not The metrics determines with a hydrant and its amount of flow added a O or 1 is written to the corresponding position of the database where 1 represents that the pipe is affected while O represents not The value of the metrics is to be specified in the textbox Three types of the metrics are available which can be selected from the dropdown menu They are described one by one below i lt Pipe Headloss Change gt The headloss change of the pipe must be larger than the specified value to be considered as affected ii lt Flow Velocity Change gt The flow velocity change of the pipe must be larger than the specified value to be considered as affected iii lt Minimum Flow Velocity gt The flow velocity of the pipe must be larger than the specified value to be considered as affected gt Navigation e Back o Back to Database Creation Selec
31. the solution it is defined that the event can be covered by the solution If an event can be detected by at least one candidate location it is defined as detectable event If the event is not detectable it simply cannot be covered by any solution and is actually removed during database creation iv Total Events The column shows the total number of events used in database creation v Loggers Event 18 Bentley System Inc Bj Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual The column showss the result that is in average the number of loggers which are covering each covered event The result is used in differentiating solutions with same number of covered events The larger the result the more responsive to the leakage events the solution is considered to be The result is computed by summing up the detection capabilities of all candidate locations contained in the solution which is then divided by the number of covered events by this solution The detection capability of a candidate location is the number of events that can be covered by this location iita ras Bentley Sustaining intrastructure Model File C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS_porject LPSolver Debug ctown inp Fitness Coverd Loggers Solution ID Uncovered Detectable Total Events oie Percentage Events 3116 6981 1 OO O O sm mn o 022 a s a2 98 Logger Placement ydrant Selection Solver Figure 9 lt Result gt page Summary
32. tion Solver Figure 17 lt Result gt page Summary b Solution Table The table shows the details of each top solution as shown in Figure 18 The details of the hydrants and their amounts of flow contained in the solution are shown Each junction represents a hydrant location The dropdown menu above the table can be used to navigate among different top solutions The contents of the tables are described below i Node ID The column shows the index of the hydrant represented by the junction contained in the solution ii Node Label 33 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual The column shows the label of the hydrant represented by the junction contained the solution iii Number of Affected Pipes The column shows the number of pipes that are affected by the hydrant represented by the junction at this row iv Node Hydrant Row The column shows the amount of flow of the hydrant represented by the junction at this row v Pipes The column shows the labels of the pipes that are affected by the hydrant represented by the junction at this row 6 lt Save gt button User can save the result to a text file by clicking on the lt Save gt button A file browser will open and user can determine the path and the name of the output file gt Navigation e Back o Back to lt Parameters Setting gt page e lt Save gt o Save the result to a text file e lt Exit gt o The pro
33. tion gt page e lt Create gt o If the input passed the inspection of error checking function go to the lt Creating Database where the creation process begins o If the input does not pass the inspection of error checking function an error message box will pop up indicating the error User will not leave the page e lt Exit gt o The program exits 24 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual Database Creation File Edit ntle Hydrant Flow Response Database Format View y For Hydrant Selection Model File Selection Input y infrastructure Number of Junctions 388 Save To Output C Users Yuan Song Desktop HS _porject LP Solve Da 1300 J Save Parameters Candidate Hydrants Selection Use All Hydrants Use Selected Hydrants Se Gee Display File Path Parameters Leakage Type and Value MIN MAX INTERVAL Hydrant Flow o 2 4 Evaluation teis SST pze Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver Figure 12 lt Database Creation gt page edit candidate locations lt CREATING DATABASE gt PAGE If user correctly enters all required parameters on lt Database Creation gt page and proceed to database creation lt Creating Database gt page will show as in Figure 13 The page shows the progress of the database creation process When the progress bar reaches 100 the creation is completed A message box reminding the storing location of th
34. ydrants gt Then two new buttons will appear which help user edit the candidate locations as shown in Figure 4 a Click on lt Edit Candidate File gt button a text file containing all candidate locations will appear in the format of one junction name per line User can remove any junction from candidate locations by removing the whole line containing the junction name The file must be saved before exiting the text editor to be effective b Click on lt Display File Path gt button the file path of the text file containing candidate junctions will be displayed 8 Parameters a lt Leakage Type and Value gt This option specifies the type and amount of hydrant flow used in generating database A dropdown menu is used to indicate the type of the extra flow added to the junctions lt MIN gt lt MAX gt and lt INTERVAL gt are textboxes for entering corresponding values The program will use all the values between minimum value and maximum value specified in following two textboxes to generate the database rows with the interval specified in the lt interval gt textbox For example if the input in lt MIN gt lt MAX gt and lt INTERVAL gt 23 Bentley System Inc F Bentley Logger Placement Hydrant Selection Solver User Manual are 5 12 and 3 respectively The values used will be 5 8 and 11 Each candidate junction will use all the values to generate database rows One candidate junction wi
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