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1. If the slave receives request with correct address but incorrect subsequent bytes for instance CRC and so on it should send the response informing master about error For this purpose as a response 0x80 is added to the byte of function code and the an byte equals 0x02 which is a standard signal showing error in received data in Modbus protocol Standard error codes e 01 the function code cannot be processed on slave e 02 data address in the request is not available for current slave e 03 value in data field is not allowed for current slave e 04 unrecoverable error took place when slave was trying to perform required actions e 05 the slave has received the request and is processing it but it takes a long time This response prevents master from generating time out error e 06 the slave is processing a command Master should repeat message afterwards when the slave will be free e 07 the slave is not able to perform program function received in request This code is used in case of unsuccessful program request with function codes 13 and 14 Master should request diagnostic information or error information from slave e 08 the slave tries to read extended memory but detected parity error Master should repeat the request but usually in these cases a repair is needed 58 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N21 Data transmission in Modbus protocol The purpose of
2. 9 and 10 above and as stated in the Limited Warranty shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law even if any remedy fails its essential purpose 17 Consent to use of Data You agree that Licensor and or its affiliates may collect and use technical information you provide as apart of support services if any related to the Product Licensor agrees not to use this information in a form that personally identifies you 18 Prerelease Code The Product or any portion thereof may be identified as prerelease code Prerelease Code Such Prerelease Code may be not at the level of performance and compatibility of the final Product The Prerelease Code may not operate correctly and may be substantially modified The grant of license to use Prerelease Code expires upon availability of the final version including trial version of the Product 8 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 19 Update License Terms All updates shall be considered part of the Product and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement Additional license terms may accompany Updates as defined above By installing copying or otherwise using any Update you agree to be bound by the terms accompanying each such Update If you donot agree to the additional license terms accompanying such Updates you should not install copy or otherwise use such Updates 20 Entire Agreement This Agreement including any addendum or amendment to this Agreement
3. Init value x x x x x x x x Transmission modes SPI has 4 transmission modes which are based on clock polarity CPOL and clock phase CPHA combinations CPOL is the level on tact line before starting and after finishing the transmission low 0 or high 1 And the phase defines the edge of the signal rise or fall on which bits are transmitted e Mode 0 CPOL 0 CPHA 0 The bit is read on clock signal rise 0 gt 1 and it is written on fall 1 gt 0 e Mode 1 CPOL 0 CPHA 1 Read on fall write on rise e Mode 2 CPOL 1 CPHA 0 Read on fall write on rise e Mode 3 CPOL 1 CPHA 1 Read on rise write on fall Figure 2 3 SPI Transmission modes SPI data can be transmitted both in MSB and LSB formats Usually the first format is used but it should be clarified in documentation before starting to work with device 26 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No1 Data transmission in SPI protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in SPI protocol Number to Send 149 Transmission Mode 0 Exercise N1 Clock Frequency 4 PI S Data transmission in SPI protocol Templates sre fen fiorai ooro Hoerhof sre sro fis wo E Tore era ti 0 00000000 0 0 0 6 0 6 6 i 0 y Purp SPCR Register SPSR Register g ie A a Received Data g The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format The data bits should
4. which can start data transmission immediately TCP sets connections which should be created before data transfer TCP connections can be divided into 3 states connection establishment data transmission and connection termination e Connection establishment TCP s ance start defined as handshaking consists of 3 steps 1 Client that tries to establish connection sends a segment with sequence number and SYN flag to server Server receives segment saves sequence number and tries to create socket for new client service In case of success server sends a segment with sequence number and ACK and SYN flags to client and goes to SYN RECEIVED state In case of failure server sends to client a segment with RST flag 2 If client receives a segment with SYN flag it saves the sequence number and sends a segment with ACK flag If it receives also the ACK flag client goes to ESTABLISED state If the client receives RST flag it stops trying to connect If the client does not receive response within 10 seconds it repeats connection process once more 3 If server receives a segment with ACK flag in SYN RECEIVED state it goes to ESTABLISHED state In opposite case it closes the socket after time out and goes to CLOSED state This process is called three way handshake as despite possibility to establish connection within 4 segments SYN to server ACK to client SYN to client ACK to server practically 3 segments are used to save time e Data tra
5. CONTROL Conduct a parallel poll PERFORM PARALLEL POLL Configure device s parallel poll pal lELPOLLCONFIGURE Optional Responses Disable device s parallel poll as PARALLEL POLL UNCONFIGURE Optional capability Second component of the command system is SCPI Standard Commands for Programming Instruments which was accepted in 1990 SCPI defines standard rules for keyword abbreviation which should be used as commands Keywords can be used either in long for example MEASure or in short MEAS measure writing forms Commands in SCPI format are prefixed with colon Command arguments are separated by comas SCPI standard operates with programming instrument model Functional components of this model include measurement system subsystems Input Sensor and Calculator signal generation system subsystems Calculator Source and O lt Output and subsystems Format Display Memory and Trigger 488 2 Controller protocols Protocols are high level routines that combine a number of control sequences to perform common test system operations IEEE 488 2 defines two required protocols and six optional protocols as shown in Table 2 These protocols reduce development time because they combine several commands to execute the most common operations required by any test system The RESET protocol ensures that the GPIB has been initialized and all devices have been cleared and set to
6. Fill the Data field and click Calculate CRC button afterwards Data and CRC Polynomial should be entered in hexadecimal format without spaces Data for CRC High Byte and CRC Low Byte are also shown in hexadecimal format If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame 59 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Data to Send and Sent Data fields in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 60 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No2 Error detection in Modbus protocol The purpose of this exercise is
7. In case of cascaded connection multiple slaves can be connected to one line Standard algorithm for SPI functioning is given below 1 Master sets low level on the SS line to which linked slave is connected 2 Master generates clock signal switching signal level of SCLK between 0 and 1 Master puts the right level of MOSI signal simultaneously with every SCKL level change so during each clock pulse it sends one data bit to slave 3 Slave puts right MOSI level with each SCKL level change so it sends to master one bit during each clock pulse 4 Master sets high signal level on SS line to finish the transmission 23 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual SPI is full duplex bus Data is transferred in both directions simultaneously Figure 2 2 The speed of the bus usually is in range of 1 50 MHz Because of its simplicity SPI has become widely used in different electrical devices such as sensors memory chips etc MSB Master LSB MISO MISO MSB Slave LSB 8 bit shift register Hee 8 Bit shift register an zx A IMOSI MOSI i SPI Clock generation gt gt SEK SCK I SS SS Vcc Figure 2 2 Full duplex data transfer SPI interface uses 2 registers to set data transfer parameters synchronization signal frequency transmission mode etc control register SPCR and status register SPSR SPI status and control registers are given in Table 2 1
8. Parity check is the simplest way of error checking It can detect error in one bit but in case of errors in 2 bits simultaneously this checking cannot detect errors Besides this control does not define which bit has the error Other mechanisms of error checking are inclusion of start and stop bits into transmission CRC etc The signal line has two states On and Off logical 1 or 0 Line in waiting state is always on When device or computer wants to transfer data they set the line in Off state as a start bit setting Stop bit allows device or computer to process synchronization in case of failures For example noise on line can hide start bit Duration between start and stop bits is constant and depends on transfer speed number of data bits within message and parity bit existence Stop bit is always on If receiver detects off state when stop bit should be present error is detected In the frame stop signal can have 1 or 2 bits 1 bit selection is more common 48 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No1 Data transmission in RS422 485 protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in RS422 485 protocol da InPEdus oles p622 A MEt s TxD TxD RTS RTS GND Number to Send 254 5 e e Exercise N1 RID RxD CTS CTS Data transmission in RS422 485 0 99 protocol Purpose Templates T in RS4 0 0 00000000 s Data to Send x 0 Sent Data
9. Received Data field and receive next frame of the data In case of error within the signals states Warning Indicator will turn red Correct signal s states and click the Receive button once more To check received data convert binary numbers to decimal enter numbers and click Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated 51 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 52 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 6 Protocol Modbus Modbus is communication protocol based on client server architecture It is widely used in IT to organize connection between electrical devices The protocol can be used to transfer data through serial connection lines RS 485 RS 422 RS 232 as well as TCP IP network Modbus
10. TCP Modbus was designed by Modicon Company It was published in 1979 for the first time Modbus protocol has 2 modifications Modbus Plus and Modbus TCP Modbus Plus is multi master protocol with cyclic marker transmission and Modbus TCP is intended to be used in Ethernet and Internet networks Modbus protocol itself has two transmission modes RTU Remote Terminal Unit and ASCII Standard considers that RTU mode should exist in Modbus protocol obligatorily and the ASCII mode is optional The basic characteristic of the protocol is that there is only one master in the network Modbus allows to design industrial network from one master and up to 247 slaves Only master may initiate commands for remaining devices which are slaves The slave cannot start data transfer itself or to request data from other devices Master can also broadcast a request addressed to all devices in the network in this case the response message is not sent Transmission Modes The transmission mode Table 6 1 defines the structure of separate information blocks within the message which is used for data transmission There are 2 transmission modes in Modbus system Both modes guarantee identical compatibility during connection with slaves The mode is selected depending on device used as Master Modbus For each Modbus system only a single mode should be used Mode mixing is not allowed Table 6 1 ASCII and RTU mode characteristics Number ofbitspersymbol SSO stab
11. a known state The ALLSPOLL protocol serial polls each device and returns the status byte of each device The PASSCTL and REQUESTCTL protocols pass control of the bus between a numbers of different devices The TESTSYS protocol instructs each device to run its own self tests and report back to the Controller whether it has a problem or is ready for operation Perhaps the two most important protocols are FINDLSTN and FINDRQS The FINDLSTN protocol takes advantage of the IEEE 488 2 Controller capability of monitoring bus lines to locate listening devices on the bus The Controller implements the FINDLSTN protocol by issuing a particular listen address and then monitoring the NDAC 67 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual handshake line to determine if a device exists at that address The result of the FINDLSTN protocol is a list of addresses for all the located devices FINDLSTN is used at the start of an application program to ensure proper system configuration and to provide a valid list of GPIB devices that can be used as the input parameter to all other IEEE 488 2 protocols The bus line monitoring capability of an IEEE 488 2 Controller is also useful to detect and diagnose problems within a test system The FINDRQS protocol is an efficient mechanism for locating and polling devices that are requesting service It uses the IEEE 488 2 Controller capability of sensing the FALSE to TRUE transition of the SRQ line You prioritize the input list of d
12. address byte follows the START state wherein gth byte of the address defines the direction of data transfer O write 1 read Data transmission always ends by STOP state generation from master l SCL i S f 71 7 2 ___ 7 8 9 1 2 3 8 a P l R w ACK ACK lt START Address dai STOP State State Figure 3 5 I2C data transmission Examples of data transfer from master to slave as well as data reading by master from slave are given below Figure 3 6 and Figure 3 7 33 RAFA Solutions 2014 Data is sent 0 Me n bits ACK bit From Master to Slave ACK Acknowledgment bit NACK Non Acknowledgment bit From Slave to Master S Start condition P Stop Condition Figure 3 6 Data transmission from master to slave Data is sent T Lo n bits ACK bit From Master to Slave ACK Acknowledgment bit NACK Non Acknowledgment bit From Slave to Master S Start condition P Stop Condition Figure 3 7 Reading data by master 34 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No1 Data transmission in 12C protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in 12C protocol da InPEdus o eis MEt Numbers to Send 0 Slave Address 1100111 Templates Exercise N1 Data transmission in 12C protocol o os START 0 0000000 00000000 Purpose Data tr Data to Send gt Exercise Instructions Formed Data Re
13. and Table 2 2 Table 2 1 SPCR SPI registers e SPIE SPI interrupt enable If in SPI status register the SPIF flag is set then setting this bit SPIE 1 will bring to SPI interruption processing e SPE SPI enable If this flag is set SPI is enabled This bit should be set if SPI must be used regardless of the mode 24 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual e DORD Data shift order If DORD 1 transmission is processed in LSB format In opposite case DORD 0 MSB is sent first e MSTR Master slave selection If the MSTR flag is set MSTR 1 SPI serves as master in other case MSTR 0 it serves as slave If SS is set as input and it had low level when MSTR was 1 the MSTF bit is cleared automatically and SPIF flag interrupt is set to 1 in SPSR register To set SPI to master mode user should provide programmatic installation of MSTR bit e CPOL synchronization polarity If CPOL 1 SCK has high level in waiting mode If CPOL 0 SCK has low level in waiting mode e CPHA Synchronization phase The value of this bit defines SCK edge rising or falling through which data acquisition is done e SPR1 SPRO SPI synchronization frequency selection bits 1 and 0 These bits together with SPI2X flag which is set in status register set the synchronization frequency on SCK in master mode SPR1 and SPRO do not have any effect in slave mode The connection between SCK frequency and synchronization generator fosc frequen
14. appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 43 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No2 Data reception in RS232 protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data reception in RS232 protocol d InPEduS faye res DCD RxD TxD DTR GND te DSR RTS CTS RI oO 0 Exercise N2 Data reception in RS232 protocol Templates Purpose Data reception in RS232 protocol The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format START vara Parity bit is not included in the data frame 0 0 00000000 Frame has 1 stop bit Exercise Instructions In order to receive data from the receiver dat request should be sent Request should be Racaived Dats Fran sent y using appropriate signal states of RS232 protocol tes of the signals are correct a frame will appear in the d Data Frame field Click Receive button to ame to Received Data kem field and frame of the data Toc eceived data convert binary numbers to decimal enter numbers and clic Received Data Check button Received Numbers 8 The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format Parity bit is not included in the data f
15. are the entire agreement between you and Licensor relating to the Product and the Support Services if any and they supersede all prior or contemporaneous oral or written communications proposals and representations with respect to the Product or any other subject matter covered by this Agreement To the extent the terms of any Licensor policies or programs for Support Services conflict with the terms of this Agreement the terms of this Agreement shall control 21 Applicable Law The law of the country of registration of the Licensor governs the interpretation execution and performance of this Agreement 22 Termination Without prejudice to any other rights Licensor may cancel this Agreement if you do not abide by the terms and conditions of this Agreement in which case you must destroy all copies of the Product 9 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 1 Protocol CAN CAN Controller Area Network protocol was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH company in middle 1980 s and nowadays is broadly popular within IT smart house technologies vehicle diagnostics etc Different messages which are being transmitted via network have identifier Each station decides whether to receive message or no depending on the identifier The identifier is defined in identifier field of CAN frame In this mechanism Receiver address is being identified on receiver itself by installation of input filters of corresponding ICs CAN controlle
16. as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button Before sending data request to the Slave Start bit slave address and write read bit should be sent In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Formed Data field after clicking Send button and in the field Received Data Acknowledgement bit and data will appear Click Receive button to receive the acknowledgement and data Acknowledgement and data will appear in the Formed Data field To stop the data transmission send stop bit To check received data convert binary numbers to decimal enter numbers and click Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case 37 RAFA Solutions 2014 The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed
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18. bits Length in bytes of the current datagram including header and data The minimal length is 8 bytes the length of the header Maximal length of the packet is 65535 8 bytes for the header and 65527 bytes for data For IPv4 actual limit of the data length is 65507 besides 8 bytes for the header 20 bytes are used for IP header Maximal value of the field in case of IPv6 is 4 294 967 295 bytes 2 1 8 bytes from which are used for the header and the remaining for the data Checksum 16 bits Checksum of the UDP packet is bitwise complement of 16 bit words 16 bit sum similar to TCP Checksum calculation Before checksum calculation O bits are added until the datagram length is multiple of 16 bits pseudo header and added Os are not sent with the datagram During checksum calculation the Checksum field within UDP header is considered as 0 For checksum calculation pseudo header and UDP message are divided into words 1 word 2 bytes 16 bits 83 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual After this all words are summed using one s complement arithmetic The sum is then one s complemented and the value is written in the checksum field O value of checksum is reserved and it means that datagram does not have checksum If the calculated checksum equals to 0 the field is filled with binary units When the message is received the receiver re computes checksum taking into consideration the checksum field If binary value
19. corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 38 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 4 Protocol RS232 RS 232 Recommended Standard is a popular protocol which is used for communication between computer and modems and other peripheral devices Standard RS 232 was introduced in 1962 Equipment connected through RS 232 protocol can be divided into 2 types DCE Data Communication Equipment n DTE Data Terminal Equipment With RS 232 protocol information between 2 devices can be transferred in distances up to 20m as during data transmission through cable signals are weakened and distorted To guarantee higher signal sustainability to noises during transmission higher signal levels are used than standard 5V Two signal levels are used in RS 232 logical 1 mark and O space Negative voltage level corresponds to logical 1 and the positive to logical 0 Voltage values used in this protocol are given in Table 4 1 and Table 4 2 Table 4 1 Data signal levels Logical 0 From 5V to 15V From 3V to 25V Logical 1 From 5V to 15V From 3V to 25V Undefined From 3V to 3V
20. in RFC 768 Protocol is designed to transferring of datagrams between computer processes which are connected through single network with frame commutation and it is one of the key elements of Internet Protocol Suite also known as TCP IP With UDP computer applications can send datagrams messages to other hosts through IP network without need of initial message to install special transfer channels UDP uses a simple model for transmission and provides unsafe service As a result datagrams can linger be lost duplicated or be received not in order UDP implies that error checking and correction either is not necessary or should be implemented in applications Time sensitive applications frequently use UDP as it is more preferable to lose frames than to wait for lingering frames which can be impossible in real time systems UDP is a stateless protocol which is also useful for servers which are responsible for small requests from big amount of clients for instance streaming multimedia applications IPTV VolP and most online games Service Ports UDP applications use datagram sockets to apply connections between hosts Application binds the socket to its end point of data transmission which is combination of IP address and service port Port is software structure defined by port ID with 16 bit integer value from O to 65535 O port is reserved although it is a valid value for source port in the case if the sender does not wait for response
21. line to tell devices to identify their response in a parallel poll Data valid DAV Handshake line Tells when the signals on the data lines are stable valid and can be accepted safely by devices Not ready for NRFD Handshake line Indicates when a device is ready or not ready to receive a message byte The line is driven by all devices when receiving commands by Listeners when receiving data messages and by the Talker when enabling the HS488 protocol Not data NDAC Handshake line Indicates when a device has or has not accepted accepted a message byte The line is driven by all devices W when receiving commands and by Listeners when receiving data messages A the IFC line to initialize the bus and become CIC Service SRQ Interface management line Any device can drive the SRQ maest inetosnrehonnly veguent serez fom te Conta Attention ATN Interface management line The Controller drives ATN true when it uses the data lines to send commands and drives ATN false when a Talker can send data messages Shield SHIELD DIOS input output DIO8 Data lines 17 Remote REN Interface management line The System Controller drives enable the REN line which is used to place devices in remote or 65 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual PT tocalprogrammode SSS O with DAV with NRFD with NDAC 21 wire twisted GND Ground with IFC 22 wire twisted GND Gronni with SRQ E 23 wire twisted
22. measurement devices Software tools for GPIB bus are mostly being released by companies National Instruments and Keithley Instruments the group of enthusiasts Linux Lab Project is also working on this topic Characteristics Each device on the bus has unique 5 bit primary address from 0 to 30 To avoid conflicts addresses should be different Standard allows to connect to single 20 meter physical bus up to 15 devices It is possible to connect 3 different types of devices to the bus Figure 7 1 e Listener e Talker e Controller Controller Talker Listener Control lines 5 bit Handshake lines 3 bit Data lines 8 bit Figure 7 1 GPIB System Listener is counting messages from the bus and talker is sending messages to the bus Only single device can serve as a talker whereas the number of listeners can be arbitrary The controller functions as an arbiter and defines which of the devices at the moment are talkers or listeners Several controllers can be connected to the bus simultaneously In this case one of the controllers generally located on the GPIB interface card is the responsible controller Controller in Charge CIC and delegates its functions to other controllers as required Bus signal lines are related to one of the following 3 classes data lines handshake lines and interface control lines 8 data lines are being used for command forwarding the most significant bit DIO8 is 63 RAFA
23. messages IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority has separated 3 groups of port IDs e Ports with numbers from O to 1023 are used for usual well known services e Port numbers from 1024 to 49151 are used for registered IANA services e Ports from 49152 to 65535 are dynamic ports and can be used for any purposes as officially they are not designed for any specified service A number of ports is registered for standard purposes Example is given in Table 9 1 Table 9 1 a E Pumose 5002 Radio Ethernet 6000 6063 X Window System 82 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Packet structure UDP does not give any guarantee for message delivery for high level protocol and does not save states of sent messages This is the reason that UDP is also called Unreliable Datagram Protocol UDP provides multichannel transfer and header integrity and essential data checking The UDP datagram format is given in Figure 9 1 UDP Source port UDP Destination port Figure 9 1 UDP datagram format UDP header consists of 4 fields each of 2 byte length 16 bits Two of these fields are optional if using IPv4 whereas in IPv6 only source port is optional Source Port 16 bits This field if needed for instance the transmitter is waiting for a response has the port ID from which the data packet was sent If the field is not used it is filled with Os Destination Port 16 bits Computer port to which data was sent Length 16
24. significant bit MSB SPI interrupts x gt 4 should not be taken into Transmission mode and y are i q shown on the top of the window To receive data some data should be sent gt 4 SPIF WCOL gt 4 Before sending the data by SPI interface lo o lo lo l to SPCR and SPSR registered shou er a Select appropriate register to fill x a s E into corresponding template and E Spi Data Register Racaivad Data template to fil the register When all are filled data transmission can x After transmission of each byte da s received Received data will appear in the gt Sent Data field after clicking Send button 7 B To check received data enter numbers in Sees Received Information decimal format and click Check button x x Numbers should be separated by commas Received Numbers LS d The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format The data bits should be sent starting from the most significant bit MSB SPI interrupts should not be taken into account Transmission mode and clock frequency are shown on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent Before receiving the data by SPI interface SPCR and SPSR registered should be filled Select SPI Control Register to fill SPCR regist
25. the exercise is a study of data transmission in Modbus protocol ew InPEduS o ef s Slave Address Function Code Numbers to Send 10000010 01000001 60 164 Templates Exercise N1 Data transmission in Modbus protocol START 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 Data to Send 4 Sent Data CRC Polynomial Data p CRC High byte CRC Low byte The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format Frame should include start and stop bits for each of the bytes Parity bit is not used The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window For data transmission Slave address and Function code should be mentioned The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more You can send all the numbers within one frame or each number within separate frames To calculate the CRC use calculator in the bottom of the window Write down the polynomial in the CRC Polynomial field
26. up to 100 kbit s speed in standard mode or with up to 400 kbit s in high speed mode The number of connected interfaces dependents only on the bus capacitance which maximal value is 400 pF VDD Pull up Rp Rp resistors SDA Data Line SCL Clock Line Device 1 Device 2 Figure 3 1 I2C device connections There are two special states of 12C bus START and STOP which serve to indicate start and finish of transmission and shift of bus state to inactive correspondingly It should be noted that before setting the START state signals on SDA and SCL lines can be arbitrary Figure 3 2 START state shifts SDA line from 1 to 0 if the state of SCL is 1 STOP state shifts SDA line from 0 to 1 if the state of SCL is 1 These two states are always generated by master 31 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual the Kf Is SCL is e START STOP State State Figure 3 2 START and STOP states As the bus lines are pulled to power supply the devices should pull down lines to ground to send 0 and release them to send 1 Connection for cooperative work of devices with this kind of inclusion is called wired AND Transfers are done byte wise Number of bytes to be sent during single transmission is not limited Each byte should be accompanied with acknowledgement bit ACK ACKnowledge Data is transmitted started from Most Significant Bit MSB Figure 3 3 If the receiver i
27. 0 000 0 00000000 Data to Send 0 Sent Data Received Data h calculator in the CRC Polynomial Data CRC To request data remote frame should be sent with given identifier The program generates identifier code automatically which is displayed in Identifier field at the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding templates and click on the templates to construct the remote frame After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more To calculate the CRC use calculator in the bottom of the window Write down the polynomial in the CRC Polynomial field Fill the Data field and click Calculate CRC button afterwards If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button and the received data frame will appear in the field Received Data The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear a
28. 4 compose Data Length Code field which identifies the number of data bytes to be transmitted 2 other bits are reserved for later versions of the protocol 11 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual gq Lll Data field Arbitration field Control field r1 rO DLC3 DLC2 DLC1 DLCO CRC field Reserved bits Data length Code Figure 1 3 Data Frame Control Field The data byte number coding by data field size code is given in the Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Data byte number coding Data byte number o dom dom dom dom 2 oom om f ree foom s dm eom f ree ree rec e Data Field Data field contains transmitting data and number of transmitting bytes is defined in Control Field and cannot be more than 8 e Cyclic redundancy check CRC CRC field Figure 1 4 contains cyclic redundancy code for error detection in all previous fields of the frame including start bit Each receiver node calculates CRC value for each received message If the calculated CRC and CRC value within message differ the receiver node generates CRC Error For calculation of CRC polynomial the polynomial which coefficients are being given through data flow combined from bits of fields Start field Arbitrate Field Data Control Field and Data field if exists 15 least sygnificant coefficients of polynimial are set to 0 should be devided to polynomial of the following form xh
29. 63 MSN Messenger 2000 Cisco SCCP VolP 3389 RDP 8080 HTTP Alternate port Sequence number has 2 options 1 If SYN synchronize flag is set this is ISN Initial Sequence Number First byte which will be transmitted in next packet will have sequence number equal to ISN 1 71 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 2 If SYN is not set first data byte which is transmitted in current packet has this sequence number Acknowledgement number this is next sequence number which receiver is expecting This is SN sequence number 1 of the last successfully received data byte This field is used only if the ACK flag is set to 1 Offset This field specifies TCP header size in 4 byte words Minimal size is 5 words and the maximal 15 which is 20 and 60 bytes correspondingly Reserved for future use 6 bits should be set to O 5th and 6 bits of this field are already defined e CWR Congestion Window Reduced flag is set by sender to indicate that a packet with ECE RFC 3168 flag set is received e ECE ECN Echo identifies that specified node have ECN explicit congestion notification option and to notify the sender about congestions in the network RFC 3168 Flags Control bits This field contains 6 1 bit flags e URG Urgent pointer field is significant e ACK Acknowledgement field is significant e PSH Push function Asks to push the buffered data to receiver application e RST Reset the co
30. End of frame Figure 1 6 In case of remote frame RTR bit is recessive The polarity of RTR bit defines whether transmitted frame is data frame dominant RTR bit or remote frame recessive RTR bit Remote frame Start of frame Inter frame space Inter frame space Overload frame Arbitration field Control field CRC field ACK field End of frame Figure 1 6 Remote Frame Error Frame Error frame is used by any receiver node to inform all segments of network about existence of an error in the transmitted message Error message has the highest priority in the system it is being transmitted right after error is detected and is received by all devices simultaneously The message with error is being deleted from memory of all devices simultaneously Error frame consists of two different fields Figure 1 7 First field is given through superposition of Error Flags 6 dominant bits in case of active error flag 6 recessive bits in case of passive error flag which are set by two different stations Second field is Error Delimiter 8 recessive bits P lt gt lt Data frame Error frame Interframe space a Overload frame Error flag Superposition of error flags E P Error delimiter Figure 1 7 Error Frame 14 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Overload Frame Overload frame consists of two fields overload flag and delimiter field Ther
31. GND Logic ground Logical Ground Commands GPIB commands are being transferred through classical protocol IEEE 488 1 Standard gives format for the commands which are being sent by device and format and coding for responses Commands usually are abbreviations of corresponding English expressions A question mark is added to request commands All mandatory commands are prefixed with Standard defines minimal amount of opportunities which each device should be equipped with including receive and transmit data send request for service and react on signal Clear Interface All commands and the most data use 7 bit ASCII code in which 8 bit is not used or is used for parity Controller sends signals of 5 classes for getting information from devices connected to the bus and for bus reconfiguration e Uniline e Universal Multiline e Address Multiline e Talk Address Group Multiline e Listen Address Group Multiline IEEE 488 2 Required and Optional Control Sequences Description Control Sequence IEEE 488 2 Compliance Send ATN true commands SEND COMMAND Set address to send data SEND SETUP Receive ATN false data 66 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Place devices in remote SET RWLS Mandatory with lockout state PI i i ae eevee SEND LLO Mandatory local lockout state Read IEEE 488 1 status byte READ STATUS BYTE Send group execution TRIGGER Mandat Give control to another device PASS
32. IAL INCIDENTAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS OR CONFIDENTIAL OR OTHER INFORMATION FOR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION FOR PERSONAL INJURY FOR LOSS OF PRIVACY FOR FAILURE TO MEET ANY DUTY INCLUDING OF GOOD FAITH OR OF REASONABLE CARE FOR NEGLIGENCE AND FOR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY OR OTHER LOSS WHATSOEVER ARISING OUT OF OR IN ANY WAY RELATED TO THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT THE PROVISION OF OR FAILURE TO PROVIDE SUPPORT SERVICES OR OTHERWISE UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY PROVISION OF THIS AGREEMENT EVEN IN THE EVENT OF THE FAULT TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE STRICT LIABILITY BREACH OF CONTRACT OR BREACH OF WARRANTY OF LICENSOR OR ANY SUPPLIER AND EVEN IF LICENSOR OR ANY SUPPLIER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES 16 Limitation of Liability and Remedies Notwithstanding any damages that you might incur for any reason whatsoever including without limitation all damages referenced above and all direct or general damages the entire liability of Licensor and any of its suppliers distributors under any provision of this Agreement and your exclusive remedy for all of the foregoing except for any remedy of repair or replacement elected by Licensor with respect to any breach of the Limited Warranty shall be limited to the greater of the amount actually paid by you forthe Product The foregoing limitations exclusions and disclaimers including Sections
33. RAFA Solutions Industrial Protocols Educational Software InPEdu InPEduS User Manual CONTENTS MEP OGIU GEL OM enigi aun ie sets oh i ate 50cs fates ST EE E wa so van EE A E MA 2 REQUIRE SOMWANG c cceupicidssdnctatedsaqusedutrtateagevanedeinaueialias EEEE EE EE EEEE EAEE 3 Installation of the SOftWAIE cccccssssssscececeesceesensnseseceecesceesesaeseseceeecessesseaeseeeeeeesseseeaeaeeeesesseeseeseaeeas 3 Software License and Evaluation ccccccssssececececessessaeeeceeeesceesssaeaeeeceeseesseeeseeeeeeseeseesnsasaeseesesseeeees 4 License Agreement sisii gide e aR aE ae aea EA Ena EERE E a aE R E REER 6 1 Protocol CAN scrinia a E rt terete eerie rer rete eet 10 Exercise No1 Data transmission in CAN Protocol ccccccssescccessesececeeesceceaaeeeeceseeseeeeseeceessaeseeeeaaasees 17 Exercise No2 Data request in CAN Protocol ccccccsesccccsssseececaeeeeceseeseeeesaeceeeaseneceesaaeeeeeaaeseeeeaaanees 19 Exercise No3 Error detection and Error frame transmission in CAN protocol ccccssecccceeeeceeeaeeeees 21 2 Protocol SPlisisssssvvinsiezzcssszeseevesialecsessasev siGasecneesdsoyssiastasdssseseesdbandechsvedsopsssuvdashehaasesedsiediensthasesesstavansee 23 Exercise No1 Data transmission in SPI ProtOCol ccccccssescecesseeeceeceeececeaeeseeceseseeeesseeeeeaseeeeesaanees 27 Exercise No2 Data reception in SPI Protocol cccccecccccsssscececeeesececuseecesasceeeeeeseeeesaaeneeeagesecesaaen
34. Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 87 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N22 Data checking in UDP protocol The purpose of the exercise is data checking and error detection in UDP protocol Se InPEduS Sent Data Source port Destination port Length Checksum DATA DATA DATA gt 4 Exercise N2 a Data checking in UDP protocol 3AFL 6F75 6 7228 D607 1318 94EC E Purpose Data in UDP Source Port 4497 IP Checksum Destination Port 89D4 Data IP Checksum 2 Fp Checksum FFFF Received Data Source port Destination port Length Checksum DATA DATA DATA DATA gt 4 89D4 F FDB2 000E 0087 0016 m Received Numbers Received data is given in the top of the window Received datagram should be checked and declined in case of an error If the packet does not contain any errors it should be accepted The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions To check the received data checksum should be calculated for the packet after which it should be compared to the received checksum For checksum calculation use the calculator in the right side of the window Data should be written in the hexadeci
35. S User Manual Table 5 1 Basic technical parameters 22 92 RS 422 uses two or more strictly separated wire pairs one for reception one for transmission and one wire for each control handshake signal Devices are connected through cables with 9 or 25 pin D type connectors Usually they are denoted as DB 9 CANNON 9 CANNON 25 etc Each pin is denoted and numerated DB 9 type connector is RS422 485 Pin 6 RXD Ping CTS Pin 6 Pin 9 Figure 5 1 DB 9 connector In the Table 5 2 Connector pinout is presented with short description of the pins 47 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Table 5 2 Connector pin outs Out T Out Out eo coma e oo m CR ceived Data eas tin iClear to Send o tse in _Clearto Send Data structure transmitted with RS485 422 protocol is identical to RS232 protocol Data structure with synchronization clock signal is given on Figure 5 2 Eight data bits parity bit and stop bit are used in this example This structure is also denoted as 8E1 Parity Data Start bit Stop bit bit 1 Data 1 1 O 14 0 O 4 1 4 LILLE TLE SC Clock LALA eA LaLa ea LaLa ea Figure 5 2 Time diagram Parity Control For parity check two connected devices should calculate parity bits with the same algorithm even or odd parity In case of even parity data bits including the parity bit should have even number of logical 1 Odd parity corresponds to opposite case
36. Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual ignored in most cases Data lines are numerated from 1 to 8 and not from 0 to 7 as it is done in the most of standards Handshake lines control data and command transfer and provide guaranteed reception of data by all listeners at proper time Signal examples are brought below Data Valid is used by talker to notify listeners that information prepared by talker is displayed on data lines and is ready to receive Not Ready for Data is used by listeners to inform talker that they are not ready to receive data In this case talker stops information transfer until all the listeners are ready to continue dialog The signal is realized in terms of wired or principle which allows any listener to stop the transmission Not Data Accepted is used by listeners and informs talker that data is received by all addressers If this signal is inactive the talker is sure that all the clients have read the data from bus and it can transfer the next data byte The handshaking procedure guarantees that data transfer speed within the bus does not exceed the data processing speed of the slowest client Talker displays new data on the bus only after all the listeners are ready for receive 5 lines of interface control inform the devices connected to the bus what actions to take in which mode to be and how to react on GPIB commands The bus controller uses Attention line to inform clients that the bus is transmitting
37. Table 4 2 Command signal levels From 5V to 15V From 3V to 25V From 5V to 15V From 3V to 25V Maximal cable length dependence on information transmission speed is given below Table 4 3 Cable length depending on transmission speed Speed baud Max length foot Max length meters 19 200 9 600 500 4800 1000 2400 30 owo Transmission speed in RS 232 is measured in bauds bit sec Maximal speed defined in standard is 20000 bauds However nowadays devices can work considerably faster Devices are connected through cables with 9 or 25 pin D type connectors Usually they are denoted as DB 9 CANNON 9 CANNON 25 etc Each pin is denoted and numerated DB 9 type connector is shown in Figure 4 1 39 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Figure 4 1 DB 9 type connector DB 9 connector pinout is given in Table 4 4 Table 4 4 DB 9 Connector pinout DCD RXD TX Out DTR Out eaw om O DSR RTS Out crs petting ncicator Parity Control For parity check two connected devices should calculate parity bits with the same algorithm even or odd parity In case of even parity data bits including the parity bit should have even number of logical 1 Odd parity corresponds to opposite case Parity check is the simplest way of error checking It can detect error in one bit but in case of errors in 2 bits simultaneously this checking cannot detect errors Besides this control does not define which
38. WZ The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format Parity bit should not be included in the data frame Frame should have 1 stop bit The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete and correct states for the RS422 485 signals are set click the Send button In case of error within the frame or signals states Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Sent Data field in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report 49 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is not f
39. Y THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT BY INSTALLING COPYING OR OTHERWISE USING THE PRODUCT AS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT YOU SHOULD NOT INSTALL OR USE THE PRODUCT BY INSTALLING COPYING OR USING THE UPDATES OF THE PRODUCT UPDATES IF ANY YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS THAT MAY ACCOMPANY SUCH UPDATES IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE ADDITIONAL LICENSE TERMS THAT ACCOMPANY SUCH UPDATES YOU SHOULD NOT INSTALL COPY OR USE SUCH UPDATES 1 Definitions As used herein the following terms have the following meanings 1 1 You or Licensee means the end user who legallyreceived access to use the Software and the Product in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein 1 2 Licensor means RAFA Solutions 1 3 Software means the computer software provided to You by Licensor in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth herein 1 4 Product means and includes the Software and all related printed or electronic materials documentation patches and fixes that may be provided or made available to You by Licensor 1 5 Permitted Purpose means the right to use the Product or any portion thereof in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement solely for the internal use of the Licensee 2 License Grant Licensor hereby grants to You and You hereby accept a limited revocable non exclusive non transferable non
40. a one byte field It informs the slave what actions or what data are required by master Data is the field with information necessary for slave to take actions requested from master or data transmitted from slave to master as a response The length and format of the field depends on function number Error detection block CRC is the checksum for error checking in the frame For sequential RS232 RS485 networks the maximal size of ADU is 256 bytes and for TCP networks 260 bytes In Modbus RTU protocol data is transmitted by bytes in LSB format with addition of control bits start stop and parity bits In RTU mode default value for parity bit is 1 if the number of 1 s within byte is odd and O if the number is even This parity is called even parity and the control method is called parity control Other type of parity control is odd parity in this case the parity bit is 1 if the number of logical 1 s within byte is even sar oe sea fe S o 7 a roneyen Sonne If Parity control is not used second stop bit is used instead of parity bit Error control in Modbus RTU During data transfer errors of 2 types can take place e Errors connected with data corruption during transmission e Logical errors Errors of first type are detected with symbol frames parity control and CRC 16 IBM polynomial number OxA001 is used In this case the least significant bit is transmitted first opposite to address bytes and regi
41. ades thereof notwithstanding whether they are made by the Developer Installer Licensor or by You to any third party or 3 11 use the Product in any other manner not expressly stated in the Permitted Purpose 4 Geographic Restrictions You are only permitted to use this Product in the geographic region indicated on the Product if any You should not attempt to install and activate the Software outside of that region 5 Intellectual Property Rights The Software and all copies of the Software are a owned by Developer and protected by applicable copyright laws and international treaty provisions and b licensed only and not sold or leased You shall not remove or alter any copyright patent trademark or other legal notices or disclaimers that exist in the Software All rights not expressly granted to You herein are reserved to Developer 6 Backup Copy You may make one backup copy copies of the Software You may use it only to reinstall the Software 7 Documentation Any person that has valid access to your computer or internal network may copy and use the documentation for your internal reference purposes 8 Third Party Programs The Software may contain third party programs The license terms with those programs apply to your use of them 9 Limitation on and Exclusion of Damages No Party shall be liable for consequential damages lost profits special indirect or incidental damages This limitation applies to anything rela
42. are being displayed on Numbers to Send field in the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions The listener address should be specified before starting data transfer Convert address from decimal format to binary and write down the binary code in Data to Send fields Enable ATN and DAV signals and click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and fill the fields correctly To send the data disable the signal ATN convert the data from decimal to binary format and write down the binary code into Data to Send fields You can send several numbers within single transfer The transferred data will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Data to Send and Sent Data fields in this case and repeat all steps 69 RAFA Solutions 2014 The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report w
43. arity bit should not be included in the data frame Frame should have 1 stop bit The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete and correct states for the RS232 signals are set click the Send button In case of error within the frame or signals states Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Sent Data field in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report 42 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will
44. ata x Received Data The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window 78 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent All data except of flags should be entered in hexadecimal format After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button and response frame will appear in the Received Data field If the frame is constructed correctly and connection is established appropriate message will appear In case of errors clear Data to Send and Sent Data fields and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol na
45. ate as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 45 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 5 Protocol RS485 422 RS 485 and RS 422 interfaces are the most popular standards of physical level connection Standard RS 485 was designed by 2 companies EIA Electronics Industries Association and TIA Telecommunications Industry Association RS 422 is American standard the international equivalent of which is ITU T Recommendation V 11 RS 485 422 networks represent transmitters receivers which are connected through twisted pair The basis of RS 485 422 interfaces is the principle of differential balanced data transmission This kind of transmission guarantees high stability to in phase noise In phase noise is the noise which affects both wires of the line identically Transmitter must guarantee 1 5V signal level for maximal load and not more than 6V in idle mode Voltage levels are measured differentially The received signal level should be not less than 200mV Maximal connection speed in RS 485 422 specification can reach 10 Mbaud Maximal distance is 1200 m If the distance should be more than 1200 m or more devices should be connected special repeaters are used RS 485 standard allows only 32 transmitter receiver pairs however the manufacturers have expanded the opportunities of RS 485 so now it can support from 128 to 255 devices on one lin
46. be sent starting from the most significant bit MSB SPI interrupts should not be taken into account The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window Transmission mode and clock frequency are shown on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent Before sending the data by SPI interface SPCR and SPSR registered should be filled Select SPI Control Register to fill SPCR register After clicking selected template will appear in the selected field After the frame is complete click the Load button If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the SPCR Register field Select SPI Status Register to fill SPSR register After clicking selected template will appear in the selected field After the frame is complete click the Load button If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the SPSR Register field In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more After SPCR and SPSR registers are filled data transmission can be started 27 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Select SPI Data Register and cl
47. bit has the error Other mechanisms of error checking are inclusion of start and stop bits into transmission CRC etc The signal line has two states On and Off logical 1 or 0 Line in waiting state is always on When device or computer wants to transfer data they set the line in Off state as a start bit setting Stop bit allows device or computer to process synchronization in case of failures For example noise on line can hide start bit Duration between start and stop bits is constant and depends on transfer speed number of data bits within message and parity bit existence Stop bit is always on If receiver detects off state when stop bit should be present error is detected In the frame stop signal can have 1 or 2 bits 1 bit selection is more common 40 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Example Data structure with synchronization clock signal is given on Figure 4 2 Eight data bits parity bit and stop bit are used in this example This structure is also denoted as 8E1 Parity Start pale bit Stop 0 Figure 4 2 Timing diagram 41 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No1 Data transmission in RS232 protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in RS232 protocol da InP Fetus ala z Mete DCD RxD TxD DIR GND Number to Send 79 6 OSR RTS CTS Ai o Templates Data to Send 0 Sent Data The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format P
48. case of error Error frame should be sent Click on the templates to construct the frame After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more After the frame is complete click the Send button the frame will appear in the Sent Data field The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated 21 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 22 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 2 Protocol SPI SPI Serial Peripheral Bus is an interface for serial data transfer between chips which was developed by Motorola Nowadays it is widely used in productions of many companies SPI is also called four wire interface SPI bus is organized by master slave principle Microcontroller usually serves as master and different chips memories
49. ceived Data Data should be sent from Master to the Slave with given address The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format The data bits should be sent starting from the most significant bit MSB The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button Before sending the data to the slave Start bit slave address and write read bit should be sent In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Formed Data field after clicking Send button and in the field Received Data Acknowledgement bit will appear Click Receive button to receive the Acknowledgement Acknowledgement will appear in the Formed Data field and data to be sent will be shown in the Data to Send field To stop the data transmission send stop bit 35 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Che
50. ck button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Formed Data field in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 36 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N22 Data reception in 12C protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data reception in 12C protocol de InPEduS o e MPEG Slave Address 0001000 Templates Exercise N2 START NACK 0 0000000 00000000 Purpose Data to Send Formed Data Received Data Received Numbers ff Data should be sent from the Slave with given address to the Master The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format The data bits should be sent starting from the most significant bit MSB The purpose of this exercise
51. commands instead of data Service Request is available to any device on the bus Controller shifts the device mode which has sent this signal to talker and passes to it data transfer functions Interface Clear is used to initialize or reinitialize the bus Remote Enable shifts the mode of the device to execution of bus commands and not control panel mode and vice versa End of Identify is used by talker to identify the end of the message Controller displays this signal to initiate parallel polls of devices connected to the bus IEEE 488 is 8 bit parallel bus containing 16 signal lines 8 bidirectional lines are used for data transfer 3 for connection establishment and 5 for bus control and 8 wires for grounding All signal lines are using negative logic the highest positive voltage is considered as logical 0 and the lowest negative voltage as logical 1 Data lines DIO are numerated from 1 to 8 5 interface control lines inform the devices connected to the bus what actions to take what mode to be in and how to react on GPIB commands 64 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Connectors 12 1 24 13 Figure 7 2 GPIB Connector Connectors IEEE 488 Figure 7 2 Connector Destination No 1 4 Data DIO1 input output DIO4 Data lines 5 EOI Interface management line The EOI line has two purposes identify The Talker uses the EOI line to mark the end of a message string and the Controller uses the EOI
52. cy is given below Table 2 3 SCK frequency e SPIF SPI interrupt flag This flag is set when serial transmission is over Interrupt is generated if SPIE bit is set in SPI control register and general interruptions are allowed If SS is configured as input and it has low signal level than if SPI is in master mode the SPIF flag will be set SPIF is cleared through hardware when shifting to corresponding interrupt vector Alternatively SPIF bit is cleared during first read of SPI Status Register with set SPIF flag SPIF 1 also during SPI Data Register SPDR access e WCOL Write collision flag This is read only bit This bit is set if the SPDR register is written during a data transfer The WCOL bit as well as SPIF bit is cleared by first reading the SPI Status Register with WCOL set and then accessing the SPI Data register e SPI2X Double SPI speed When this bit is set to 1 the SPI speed will be doubled if the SPI is in master mode If SPI is in slave mode SPI guaranteed speed is fosc 4 and less There is a separate register in SPI for data SPDR Table 2 4 SPI data register has access to read and write and is intended for data transfer between register file and SPI shift register Writing to this 25 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual register initiates data transfer When reading from this register it is actually the receive buffer of shift register from which data is read Table 2 4 SPI data register
53. e Received Data field Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Data to Send and Sent Data fields in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want Click Part 3 button to go to the third part of the exercise 3 Connection Termination in TCP protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of connection termination in TCP protocol Transmitter should terminate the connection with the receiver mentioning Source port and Destination port da InPEdus fol eis Source port 249 Destination port CD73 Templates d Options f ednu Urgent pointer 4 Part 3 Connection Termination in TCP protocol e m e om an 0 0 0 0 0 c Data to Send Sent D
54. e and by using repeater the number of devices practically have no limitations In RS 485 it is possible and in case of long wires it is necessary to use terminators which are embedded to device with RS 485 protocol although in case of short wires it is possible that the signal will be weakened by using terminators RS 485 standard also allows the use of shielded twisted pair cable 2 wire RS 485 It is also possible to use 4 wire twisted pair 4 wire RS 485 In this case it is possible to get full duplex transmission In this case one of the devices should serve as Master and others as Slaves Communication is done only between Master and Slaves no data is transferred between slaves In these cases the RS 422 driver usually serves as master and RS 485 devices as slaves for system cheapening purposes RS 422 standard initially considers the use of 4 wire shielded twisted pair cable but allows connections only from one device to others up to 5 drivers and up to 10 receivers for each driver RS 422 is full duplex interface Reception and transmission are processed through two separate wire pairs On each pair only one transmitter is allowed RS 485 is half duplex interface Reception and transmission are done through one pair with time delay Multiple transmitters can exist within the network as they can turn off in receiver mode Basic technical parameters of RS 485 422 protocols are given in Table 5 1 46 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEdu
55. e are several conditions in case of which transmit of overload frame is being operated e Receiver overload which requires increase of delays between received messages e Dominant bit detection in place of first and second bits of delay between frames Interframe Space IFC is being set between data frames calling frame and any other frames Opposite to this there is no delay before overload frame and error frame which speeds up receive of these fields Interframe Space consists of Intermission 3 recessive bits and Bus Idle of arbitrary length and in case of devices passive to error which have operated transmit of last message Suspend Transmission Error Detection in CAN protocol CAN protocol defines five methods of error detection in network e Bit monitoring e Bit stuffing e Frame check e ACKnowledgement Check e CRC Check Bit monitoring each node compares transmitted bit with the bit on the bus during bit transmission to network Node generates Bit Error if these values do not equal This mechanism of error detection is turning off during arbitration field transmission Bit stuffing After transmit of five serial equivalent bits transmitter automatically puts in flow a bit of opposite polarity Message receivers automatically delete these bits before message processing If the 6 th bit of the same polarity is detected bit overload error is flagged If the error is detected the node sends error message and interrupts th
56. e the CRC use calculator in the bottom of the window Write down the polynomial in the CRC Polynomial field Fill the Data field and click Calculate CRC button afterwards Data and CRC Polynomial should be entered in hexadecimal format without spaces The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report 61 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 62 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 7 Protocol GPIB GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus is common purpose interface bus In the middle 1960s the company Hewlett Packard introduced Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB as a multipurpose controller In the 1970s the standard was updated to more common GPIB which is also known as standard IEEE 488 In the beginning of 1990s new specifications of the standard were released as well as the new specification for programming language SCPI which helped to simplify software development for
57. e the file in any folder you want 89 RAFA Solutions 2014
58. e transmission In this case transmitter repeats message transfer which protects all nodes from error generation and provides data consistency within network Frame check some segments of CAN message have equal values within all message types This means that CAN protocol defines what voltage levels should appear on the bus and when If the message format is broken nodes generate Form Error ACKnowledgement Check each node sends to network dominant 0 bit after receiving correct message If this action doesn t take place transmitting node registers Acknowledgement Error CRC Check each CAN message has within it CRC sum and each receiver node calculates CRC value for each received message If the calculated CRC value does not equal to the value of CRC in the message receiver node generates CRC Error 15 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Access Control bitwise arbitration In CAN protocol all nodes get the message from transmitter node and confirm it Each time when bus is transfer free a node can start transmission Next transmission can be started only after current transmission process is finished If two or more nodes start transferring simultaneously the conflict is being resolved in terms of non destructive bitwise algorithm of arbitration which uses the arbitration field 11 bit identifier field is transferred from the most significant to the least significant bit During transmission of arbitration f
59. eceived message then is divided to the same polynomial in the receiver X16 X15 X2 1 If there are no errors remainder from the division is 0 The receiver can calculate the CRC and compare it to the received one All arithmetic is done by module 2 without transmission Device which is used to prepare data for transmission sends the LSB bit of each symbol first During CRC calculation the first transmitted bit is defined as MSB of dividend As the arithmetic is not using transmission it is convenient to consider MSB to be in the right This means that the bit order during calculations should be reversed The polynomial MSB is ignored as it affects only on divider and not on remainder As a result we get 1010 0000 0000 0001 A001H Note that the reversing of the bit order has no effect on interpretation or bit order of data bytes during CRC calculation Step by step procedure of CRC 16 calculation is given below 1 Load 16 digit register with number FFFFH 2 Perform XOR operation on first data byte and the most significant byte of the register 3 Put the result in register 4 Shift one bit to right in the register 5 If the bit shifted right is 1 perform XOR operation on register and polynomial 1010 0000 0000 0001 A001H 6 If the shifted bit is 0 return to step 4 7 Repeat steps 4 6 until 8 register shifts 8 Perform XOR operation on next data byte and register 9 Repeat steps 4 8 until XOR operation will be per
60. ees 29 Be Protocol NZ Cae e tore tes os cache E A E da soedsavacseastuan E nase 31 Exercise No1 Data transmission in 12C Protocol cccccssescccecseeeceeceesceceaueececeseseeeesaseeeesaseeesaaasees 35 Exercise No2 Data reception in 12C protocol ccccsecccccssescececeeeceeeceseceeauecceceauneeeeeeaeceesageneeeeaaeees 37 A Protocol RS232 ccicidsccsscnsnvaciessscvbanessesedcessdepaesdedscsvesseesdednotadstesiecsuneusatadsteviesgnandentiadststiesas asi n ba 39 Exercise No1 Data transmission in RS232 ProtOCol ccccssscccccssescececeesecceseeseeceeseeeesesaseeeeseeeeeeeaanees 42 Exercise No2 Data reception in RS232 ProtOcol ccccccsssscccesseecceeceeececeaaesceceaeseeeesaseeeesueseeeeaaasees 44 5 Protocol RS485 422 niestarannie aea A aeaieie a aiaa aaria eia aiaia 46 Exercise N21 Data transmission in RS422 485 protocol cccccccccccccecececececceecececeeececececeeeeeeeeueeeeneeeess 49 Exercise N92 Data reception in RS422 485 protocol cccccccccccececececececececececececececececececeeueeeeeeeeeeeeeeess 51 6 Protocol MOdDUS sisii srira neran aa E aA NE AEE RAE EEA ES EERE 53 Exercise No1 Data transmission in Modbus ProtoOcol cccccssesceceesececeeceescecesueseeeeauseeeeauseeeeaaasees 59 Exercise N92 Error detection in Modbus PrOtOCOl ccccssesccccssescecesesececeseeececeseeeeeesaeeeeesaeeseeeeaaanees 61 7 Protocol GPIB eesin gt gaa wast cus eee E Ea NiET E EEA E aE R SOE RaT Saak 63 E
61. eiver addresses 16 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No1 Data transmission in CAN protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in CAN protocol MEt Numbers to end 206 54 6 213 134 56 139 33 106 114 Templates Ea cS eC a a eine 0 000000 0 0 O 0000000 00000000 000000000009 0 a ca oe s 000000000000000 000 10 o0 0000000 ye vif Data to Send Sent Data CRC Polynomial Data CRC The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format The data bits should be sent starting from the most significant bit MSB The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more You can send all the numbers within one frame or each number within separate frames To calculate the CRC use calculator in the bottom of the window Write down the polynomial in the CRC Polynomial field Fill the Data fie
62. element address 2 bytes and set value 2 bytes If the command is performed correctly the slave returns request copy Following functions are used to write several values e 15 OxOF Force Multiple Coils e 16 0x10 Preset Multiple Registers Command consists of element address the number of changing elements number of transmitting data bytes and set values In the response slave transmits initial address and the number of changed elements Logical errors To inform about logical errors Modbus RTU provides opportunity for devices to send responses in case of error situations Set most significant command bit can serve as a sign of error existence within message An example is given in Table 6 3 57 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 1 If the slave receives correct request and is able to perform it normally it sends normal response 2 If the slave denies the values it does not send any response Master diagnoses the error by time out 3 If the slave receives a request with detected error parity LRC CRC it does not send any response Master diagnoses the error by time out 4 Ifthe slave receives the request but is not able to process access to not existing register a response with error data is sent Table 6 3 Response frame Slave gt Master in case of error in Modbus RTU Transfer Function ee Slave address Data or error code CRC direction code Request 0x01 77 OxDD OxC7 OxA9 Response
63. er After clicking selected template will appear in the selected field After the frame is complete click the Load button If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the SPCR Register field Select SPI Status Register to fill SPSR register After clicking selected template will appear in the selected field After the frame is complete click the Load button If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the SPSR Register field In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more To receive the data any data should be sent To send the data select SPI Data Register and click on the data template After clicking selected template will appear in the selected field 29 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual If there are no any errors inthe filled registers data will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button Click the Receive button to receive the data Data is shown in binary format To check received data convert binary numbers to decimal enter numbers and click Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report butt
64. evices so that the more critical devices receive service first If the application program can jump to this protocol immediately upon the assertion of the SRQ line you increase program efficiency and throughput Keyword Name compiane A REQUESTCTL Request Control FIDLSTIN a ee ee SETADD Set Address Optional but requires FINDLSTN 68 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N21 Data transmission in GPIB protocol The purpose of the exercise is the study of data transmission in GPIB protocol d InPEduS ollox In s Address 23 Data to Send 48 Exercise N1 Data transmission in GPIB protocol Shield ATN SRQ IFC NDAC NRFD DAV EO DIO4 DIO3 DIO2 DIO1 Purpose Data transmission in GPIB protocol 0000000000 The data should be transmitted in 8 bit LGNDGND GND GND GND GND GND REN DIOS DIO7 DIO6 DIOS format to the device with given address 000000000 0O Exercise Instruction i he listener address before starting data transfe ing GPIB signals are correct fer Al Send b Data to Send Sent Data artia ed data will appear in the Sent DIO8 o Sent numbers cat be checked by clicking DIO7 o DIO6 o DIOS 0 DIO4 o DIO3 o DIO2 o 3 DIO1 o ra y Q The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format with given address In the top of the window is given the Listener Address of the receiver device The program automatically generates numbers to be sent which
65. formed on all data bytes and register 10 The value of register is 2 byte CRC and is added to the initial message in MSB format Modbus data types and standard functions Modbus specifies 4 data types e Discrete Inputs one bit type available only for read e Coils one bit type available for read and write e Input Registers 16 bit signed or unsigned type available only for read e Holding Registers 16 bit signed or unsigned type available for read and write 56 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Data types of Modbus protocol are given in Table 6 2 Table 6 2 Modbus Data types ooo aye aese Only read Input Registers 16 bit word Only read Holding Registers 16 bit word To read values of these data functions with codes 1 4 0x01 0x04 are used e 1 0x01 Read Coil Status e 2 0x02 Read Discrete Inputs e 3 0x03 Read Holding Registers e 4 0x04 Read Input Registers Request consists of the address of first element in the table which value should be read and the number of elements to read Address and number of data are given with 16 bit numbers MSB Requested data is transmitted within the response Data byte quantity depends on the number of requested elements 1 byte is transmitted before data transfer with the value of data byte number Following functions are used to write one value e 5 0x05 Force Single Coil e 6 0x06 Preset Single Register Command consists of
66. hed appropriate message will appear Sent data will appear in the Sent Data field and response frame will appear in the Received Data field In case of errors clear Data to Send and Sent Data fields and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated 76 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want Click Part 2 button to go to the second part of the exercise 2 Data Transmission in TCP protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in TCP protocol Transmitter should send data to the receiver mentioning Source port and Destination port dw InPEdus E MPEG Source Port CE68 Destination Port D286 Numbers to Send 34171 63147 35755 Templates Exercise N1 ga g Part2 Data Transmission 1n TCP hecksum 0 0 0 0 0 protocol n Purpose Reserved b Window size Bi a C Data Transmission in TCP protocol 0 0 0 Transmitte
67. ick on the data template After clicking selected template will appear in the selected field Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear all fields in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 28 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No2 Data reception in SPI protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data reception in SPI protocol da InPEduS fo ils Transmission Mode 1 Clock Frequency 4 Templates Exercise N2 0 0 00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Purpose Data reception in SPI protocol k 4 The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format SPCR Register SPSR Register The data bits should be sent starting from the most
68. ield each transmitter controls current level on the bus which it should transfer If the values equal node then can continue transmission If a recessive bit was transmitted and dominant bit is detected on the bus transmission should stop immediately and the node loses transmission access Figure 1 8 This node can attempt to start new transfer only after current transfer is finished Arbitration field Frame end First node transmission 20110110100 1 00000001 11 Second node 110111 icci ie Second node loses arbitration and stops the transfer 01 transmission Frame end Signal on the line 10110110100 I 00000001 01 Figure 1 8 Bitwise Arbitration Example To conclude the priority is defined not by transmitter or receiver nodes but by the value of identifier within the message The smallest identifier has the highest priority From operating nodes only the node with the smallest identifier value can be responsible for decisions made The other opportunity of the arbitration mechanism is used in the highest level network of DeviceNet In this network the maximum number of nodes is 64 and the least significant digits of the identifier are used for addressing and the most significant digits are specified for message type coding The message with O in the most significant bit will occupy the bus first independent on receiver node address This in turn provides transfer of first type messages at first independent on transmitter and rec
69. ill not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 70 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 8 Protocol TCP TCP Transmission Control Protocol is one of the main Internet protocols intended for data transmission management in TCP IP networks and sub networks TCP is functioning as transport layer protocol of OSI model TCP is transport mechanism which provides data stream with preset connection Protocol guarantees the reliability of received data performs second request for data if data is lost and eliminates duplicated data if 2 copies of the same packet are received Unlike UDP TCP guarantees that no data will be lost during transmission and notifies the sender for transmission results TCP segment format is shown on Figure 8 1 offset O oe e Figure 8 1 TCP segment format Source port identifies client application from which packets are sent Destination port identifies port data is sent to Specified ports are attached to number of services that use TCP for transmission 20 21 FTP 22 SSH 23 Telnet 25 SMTP 80 HTTP 110 POP3 194 IRC Internet Relay Chat 443 HTTPS Secure HTTP 18
70. inished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 50 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N22 Data reception in RS422 485 protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data reception in RS422 485 protocol da InPEduS oleals TxD TxD RTS RTS GND Ro Ros CTS CTS eo Exerciee N2 Data reception in RS422 485 protocol Templates Purpose Dat START DATA 0 0 00000000 Received Data Frame en Received Data Received Numbers d The data is being transmitted in 8 bit format Parity bit is not included in the data frame Frame has 1 stop bit The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions In order to receive data from the receiver data request should be sent Request should be sent by using appropriate signal states of RS422 485 protocol If the set states of the signals are correct received data frame will appear in the Received Data Frame field Click Receive button to move the frame to
71. iver if there is no Routing header in IPv6 packet this will be the destination address from IPv6 header in opposite case on the initial node this will be the value of the last element of the Routing header and on the receiver node this will be the destination header from IPv6 header The value of Next Header is the protocol value which is 17 for UDP protocol UDP length is the length of UDP header and the data 85 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N21 Data transmission in UDP protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of data transmission in UDP protocol d InPEduS IAAI Numbers to Send 86 125 109 108 101 Source Port FEBF Destination Port 1p9 IP Checksum 0645 IP Checksum 0645 Data 108 Checksum AE93 Exercise N1 Data transmission in UDP protocol Purpos 2 Templates m m 0000 0000 0 0000 0000 Data to Send 0000 z Sent Data ke The data is being transmitted in hexadecimal format All the templates should be filled with hexadecimal numbers The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window 1 byte of information corresponds to each transmitting number The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding templates and click on the templates to cons
72. ksum field in Modbus TCP Modbus RTU Modbus RTU messages are transmitted as frames for each of which the beginning and the end are known The frame begins with delay of not less than 3 5 hexadecimal symbols 14 bits duration Frame should be transmitted continuously If a delay of more than 1 5 hexadecimal symbols 6 bits is found during transmission it is considered that the frame has an error and it should be declined by receiver This delay values should be strictly complied for speeds lower than 19200 bit sec however for fast speeds it is recommended to use fixed delay values of 1 75ms and 750us correspondingly In Modbus RTU protocol messages are transmitted as PDU Protocol Data Unit packets However to transmit the packet through physical layers PDU is placed in another packet which has additional fields This packet is called ADU Application Data Unit ADU format dependents on connection line type The general structure of ADU is as follows dependent on realization some fields can be missing Slave address Error detection block Slave address is the address of the slave device to which request is addressed Slaves are responding only to those requests which have their address The response starts with slave address which can 54 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual vary from 1 to 247 Address O is used for broadcast transmission it is received by every device Addresses 248 255 are reserved Function code is
73. ld and click Calculate CRC button afterwards If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Data to Send and Sent Data fields in this case and repeat all steps 17 RAFA Solutions 2014 The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 18 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N22 Data request in CAN protocol The purpose of the exercise is the study of data request in CAN protocol We InPEduS fo e lis TPE Identifier 100 Templates Exercise N2 0 0 0 0 000000 0000000 00000000 0000 0 00000000000 Purpose est c 00000000000000
74. m is correct frame will appear in the Received Data field after pressing Receive button In case of error within the frame click Decline button and next datagram will appear If the Receive button is pressed when there is an error the warning indicator will turn to red Received numbers can also be checked Click Check button after writing down the data into Received Data field in decimal format separated by commas If the numbers are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear fields in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report 80 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 81 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 9 Protocol UDP UDP User Datagram Protocol protocol was created by David P Ride in 1980 and was officially defined
75. mal format in IP Checksum and Data fields Click the Calculate Checksum button The calculated code in hexadecimal format will be displayed in the Checksum field If the received datagram is correct frame will appear in the Received Data field after pressing Receive button In case of error within the frame click Decline button and next datagram will appear If the Receive button is pressed when there is an error the warning indicator will turn to red Received numbers can also be checked Click Check button after writing down the data into Received Data field in decimal format separated by commas If the numbers are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear fields in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report 88 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Sav
76. me exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 79 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise No2 Data checking in TCP protocol The purpose of the exercise is data checking and error detection in TCP protocol da InPEdus fellas RG ACK PSH RST SYN FIN Window Size Checksum Urgent pointer Options Data peee T i a ata checking in TC rotocol o jo fo j j D 96B1 5292 1040 11E8 p m 4 Purpo Source Port FE45 IP Checksum Destination Port 314 zoe IP Checksum 2401 Checksum Received Data Received Numbers ff Received data is given in the top of the window Received datagram should be checked and declined in case of an error If the packet does not contain any errors it should be accepted The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions To check the received data checksum should be calculated for the packet after which it should be compared to the received checksum For checksum calculation use the calculator in the right side of the window Data should be written in the hexadecimal format in IP Checksum and Data fields Click the Calculate Checksum button The calculated code in hexadecimal format will be displayed in the Checksum field If the received datagra
77. n has 3 steps 1 FIN and ACK flags are sent to server on connection termination 74 RAFA Solutions 2014 2 ACK FIN response flags are sent from server to client informing that connection is closed 3 After reception of these flags client closes connection and sends to server ACK to confirm that connection is closed 75 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N21 Data transmission in TCP protocol 1 Connection Establishment in TCP protocol The purpose of the exercise is a study of connection establishment in TCP protocol Transmitter should establish the connection with the receiver mentioning Source port and Destination port de InPtduS Maal Source Port C225 Destination Port C141 Templates Data to Send Exercise Instructions Sent Data Received Data The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent All data except of flags should be entered in hexadecimal format After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more If the frame is constructed correctly and connection is establis
78. nd the report will not be generated 19 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 20 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Exercise N23 Error detection and Error frame transmission in CAN protocol The purpose of this exercise is to check received data and to send error frame in CAN protocol Received data packet should be checked and in case of error active error flag should be sent sa InPEdus ole ls INPEau Received Data DAIA DATA DATA DAIA 00000100010 0 D 0 i 00000110 00011001 00000101 00101010 111010100010010 11 Templates sor Bing ccon Blac Gerona tor Btwwron Bf occ ih ws Biin 0 0 0 0 x 0000 000 Data to Send Sent Data CRC Polynomial Data CRC riod The program generates the frame to check automatically which is displayed in Received Data field at the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions To check the frame you should calculate the CRC code using calculator at the button of the window You should check if the calculated CRC is the same as in the frame In
79. nnection e SYN Synchronize sequence numbers e FIN Final FIN bit is used for connection termination Window Size The value of this field defines number of data bites that the sender wants to receive Pseudo header TCP header does not provide information of source and destination addresses This means that even if the destination port is correct it cannot guarantee that the message has found its destination As the purpose of TCP is reliable delivery of messages this point has essential importance This problem could be solved in variety of ways The simplest was to add address information to TCP header however this would first bring to duplicated information and second breaks the encapsulation principle of OSI model This was the reason that developers decided to use additional pseudo header Table 8 1 and Table 8 2 Table 8 1 IPv4 TCP pseudo header 0 31 Source address 32 63 Destination address PPP PPL ee Tria 72 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Table 8 2 IPv6 pseudo header A Destination address 224 256 256 TCP length Next header e Protocol Next header has the value 6 000000110 in binary format 0x6 in hexadecimal TCP protocol identifier e TCP length TCP length in bytes TCP header data pseudo header length is not considered Pseudo header is not a part of TCP segment It is used to calculate checksum before the message is sent and after it is received Checks
80. nodes is approximately 1 km Transmission speed can reach up to 1 Mb sec in case of 60 meter line length The bus has possibility of galvanic isolation The galvanic isolation can be set either between receiver transmitter buffer and IC providing CAN functions or between IC and remaining system The following frame types are defined for CAN protocol 10 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Data Frame transfers data from transmitter to receiver s Remote Frame requests data frame from the node with the specified identifier Error Frame defines the node where bus network error was detected Overload Frame provides delay between frame transmissions for data flow control Data Frame On Figure 1 2 the data frame structure is shown Interval End of frame Figure 1 2 Data frame structure Standard frame consists of the following fields Start of Frame SOF SOF field is located at the start of data frame and remote frame it contains one dominant bit Arbitration Field Arbitration field is combined of 11 bit identifier and RTR bit identifying if the frame is data frame or remote frame If the frame is data frame RTR bit is being set to logical 0 dominant signal Identifier is designed for message addressing and is used for arbitration mechanism For CAN 2 0A standard 11 bit identifier is used and for CAN 2 0B 29 bit identifier is used Control Field Control Field Figure 1 3 contains 6 bits 4 of which DLCO DLC
81. nsmission During data transfer receiver uses the sequence number from received segments to recover their initial order Receiver notifies the transmitter the sequence number to which it successfully received data including this number to Acknowledgment number field All received data in confirmed sequence range are ignored If the received segment contains larger sequence number then expected data from the segment are buffered but the sequence number is not changed If in future a segment with expected sequence number is received data order will be automatically recovered taking into account sequence numbers in segments To make sure that transmitter does not send data faster than the receiver can process it TCP has options to control stream The field Window size is used for this purpose In segments sent from receiver current size of receiver buffer is indicated Transmitter saves the window size and sends data no more than indicated by receiver If the receiver has sent the window size of 0 data transmission in this direction stops until receiver informs of larger window size There are cases when the transmitter application can require to push some data sequence to receiver without buffering PSH flag is used for these purposes If the PSH is set in received segment TCP realization sends all currently buffered data to receiver application Push is used as an instant in interactive applications e Connection terminatio
82. of 16 1 s is obtained in the result the checksum is considered descended If the sum does not descend the datagram is being deleted An example of checksum computation is given below The 16 bit words are 0x398a Oxf802 0x14b2 Oxc281 0x398a Oxf802 0x1318c gt 0x318d 0x318d 0x14b2 0x0463f gt 0x463f Ox463f Oxc281 0x108c0 gt 0x08c1 Ox08c1 0000 1000 1100 0001 gt 1111 0111 0011 1110 Oxf73e Oxffff Ox08c1 Oxf73e IPv4 Pseudo header If UDP works on IPv4 checksum is calculated in terms of pseudo header which gives some information from IPv4 header Pseudo header is not a real IPv4 header which is used for IP packet transmission Pseudo header for checksum calculation is given in Table 9 2 Table 9 2 0 7 ro Source Address 736 Source Port Destination Port Source and destination addresses are taken from IPv4 header For UDP the Protocol field value is 17 UDP length field gives the length of UDP header and data Checksum calculation is optional for IPv4 If it is not used the value is set to 0 84 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual IPv6 Pseudo header If working on IPv6 the checksum is a mandatory field in UDP datagram During checksum calculation pseudo header which imitates the real IPv6 header is also used Table 9 3 Table 9 3 Bits o Source Address 96 Destination Address 6 Source address is the same as in IPv6 header Destination address is the final rece
83. on to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name date as well as the image of constructed frame depending on the purpose of the exercise Save the file in any folder you want 30 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual 3 Protocol I2C I2C Inter Integrated Circuit is a serial interface intended for data transmission between integral circuits It was developed by Philips in the early 1980s as a simple bus for interconnections between electronic devices The protocol is used to connect low speed peripheral components to motherboard to get data from different sensors to create connections between different components of integrated systems etc e Physically 12C is a combination of two bidirectional lines which are Serial Data Line SDA and Serial Clock Input SC which are pulled up with resistors The circuit design is given in Figure 3 1 Any element that is initiating transfer is master and any addressed element is a slave In systems with several masters the same element can be used both as a master and as a Slave When the bus is free both the lines are in state 1 Data can be transferred in I2C protocol with
84. oo ex fag 420 2741 12 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual The remainder of this polynomial division is the CRC series transmitted through bus The CRC field ends with CRC separator one recessive bit Data CRC field ACK field Control Field CRC Delimiter CRC Sequence Figure 1 4 Data frame CRC field ACK Field Acknowledgment field Figure 1 5 contains segments ACK Slot and ACK Delimiter and has the following functions transmitter node sends a recessive bit on each segment and the receiver if it received message without any failure sets dominant bit on line in ACK Slot Field In case of setting recessive and dominant levels the dominant bit is being set on line this event signals transmitting node that transmission was successful and there is no need for repeat Second bit of this field ACK Delimiter is always recessive CRC field ACK field End of frame gt lt a aie ACK delimiter ACK slot Figure 1 5 Data Frame Acknowledgment Field e End of Frame EOF End of Frame is set in data frame and remote frame and is compound of seven recessive bits Remote Frame With its structure remote frame is analogical to data frame with minor difference that it doesn t have data field Remote frame is constructed from Start field Arbitration field Control field CRC 13 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual field ACK field and
85. r should send data to the receiver mentioning Source port and Destination port Data to Send Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame Urgent pointer Xx to be sent All data except of flags should be entered in hexadecimal format After lt clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is Sent Data complete click the Send button Sent numbers can be checked by clicking k Check button Received Data The program generates numbers to be sent automatically These decimal numbers are given in the Numbers to Send field on the top of the window The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions Write Data into corresponding template and click on the template to construct the frame to be sent All data except of flags should be entered in hexadecimal format After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more 77 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button and response frame will appear in th
86. rame Frame has 1 stop bit The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions In order to receive data from the receiver data request should be sent Request should be sent by using appropriate signal states of RS232 protocol If the set states of the signals are correct received data frame will appear in the Received Data Frame field Click Receive button to move the frame to Received Data field and receive next frame of the data In case of error within the signals states Warning Indicator will turn red Correct signal s states and click the Receive button once more To check received data convert binary numbers to decimal enter numbers and click Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated 44 RAFA Solutions 2014 If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing Report button to fill user s name The report includes protocol name exercise number and purpose user s name d
87. rs are connected with differential bus which has 2 lines for signal transmission CAN_H can high and CAN_L can low Logical 0 is detected if the signal on line CAN_H is higher than on the line CAN_L and logical 1 if signals on both lines are the same signals are considered to be equal if difference between them is less than 0 5V Use of this differential scheme makes possible the use of CAN network in very complicated situations Logical 0 is called dominant bit and logical 1 recessive These names reflect priorities of logical O and 1 on CAN bus In case of simultaneous transmission of logical 0 and 1 only logical 0 will be registered on bus and the logical 1 will be ignored CAN protocol is constructed from the following levels 1 Object level provides message filtering and processing of messages and states 2 Transport level is the heart of CAN protocol It provides synchronization arbitrage access to bus seperation of messages into frames error detection and error transmittion and defect minimization 3 Physical level defines the specific ways of signal transmission electrical levels of signals and transmission speed The typical values at 5V supply voltage are illustrated on Figure 1 1 lower level is dominant and higher is recessive High Level CAN_H 3 5V 2 5V Low Level CAN_L 1 5V Figure 1 1 Signal levels on bus Maximal distance between
88. s ESS SSS Ses i Oa On of On off Checksum LRC Longitudinal Redundancy CRC Cyclical Redundancy Check LRC Check CRC_16 It is more comfortable to use ASCII symbols in debugging so this mode is convenient for computers which are programmed with high level languages The RTU mode is more convenient for computers which are programmed with machine level languages In RTU mode data is transmitted as 8 bit binary symbol In ASCII mode each RTU symbol is first divided into two 4 bit segments most significant and least significant is transformed into its hexadecimal equivalent and then is used for 53 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual message generation ASCII mode uses two times more symbols than RTU mode But the decoding and data management is easier The message symbols in RTU mode should be transmitted as continuous stream whereas in ASCII mode it is allowed 1 sec delay between two adjacent symbols Modbus TCP Modbus TCP as well as TCP IP is used for data transmission within Ethernet network TCP ADU for Modbus TCP has the following construction Protocol ID PacketLength Slave s address e Transaction ID 2 bytes usually zeros e Protocol ID 2 bytes zeros e Packet length two bytes high and then low the length of the subsequent packet segment e Slave s Address Slave devices address to which command is sent Usually is ignored if the connection is with specified device There is no chec
89. s not able to receive the full byte of information it is giving ACK signal which is used by transmitter to synchronize and signalize the receiver fault or absence 1 _ a n aL OCOC OX W3 MSB Acknowledgment Acknowledgment i signalfrom receiver signalfrom receiver SCL j s 1 2 ____J 3 3 1 2 3 8 o p l k ACK ACK s START Byte complete i STOP PF Clock line held low t t with State re eee while interrupts are serviced State Figure 3 3 Data transmission through I2C bus Transmitter sets the SDA line to 1 during synchronization pulse to confirm the transfer In this case the receiver should set 0 on SDA Figure 3 4 If the slave receiver does not confirm the slave address NACK the SDA data line should remain 1 Master can give STOP signal after this and repeat the transmission If the slave receiver confirms the slave address but after some time it is not able to receive data bytes master should stop the transmission During reception of the last byte in the sequence master can give STOP state instead of signal In this case the slave receiver should free the data line 32 RAFA Solutions 2014 Data output by Data output by l receiver ___ _______ SCL from Master Ta AANA Oh gt a Start 1 State Clock pulse for acknowledgment and Figure 3 4 Transfer confirmation Transmission with 7 bit addressing is given in Figure 3 5 The transmission of
90. specialized controllers etc are slaves SPI interface is a protocol of data transfer between two shift registers each of which is both a receiver and a transmitter simultaneously The generation of bus synchronization signal is a precondition for data transfer through SPI bus This signal can be generated only by master 4 signals are involved in data transmission with SPI protocol MOSI or SI Master Out Slave In Serves for data transmission from master to slave MISO or SO Master In Slave Out Serves for data transfer from slave to master SCLK or SCK Serial Clock Serves for transmission of clock signal to slaves CS or SS Chip Select Slave Select There are 3 connection types on SPI bus The simplest connection where only 2 chips are included is shown on Figure 2 1 Here master sends data by MOSI line synchronized with SCLK signal which is as well generated by master The slave receives transmitted data bits by fronts of received synchronization signal simultaneously with this process slave sends its data packet If there is no need of response data transfer the illustrated scheme can be simplified by excluding the MISO line Master SPI Slave SPI SCLK gt SCLK MOSI gt MOSI MISO lt MISO SS gt SS Figure 2 1 Simplest connection on SPI bus If there is need for connection of several chips to SPI bus either parallel connection or cascaded serial connection is used
91. ster value in PDU In RTU mode message should start and end with silence intervals with duration of not less than the transmission time of 3 5 symbols with current speed in the network Then device address is sent After last transmitted symbol there is a delay of not less than 3 5 symbols duration as well The new message can Start after this interval Message frame is transmitted continuously If the silence interval of more than 1 5 symbols length takes place the frame should be ignored from receiver device Intervals for Serial Modbus RTU in case of speed 9600 bit sec and 11 bits within frame start bit 8 data bits parity control bit stop bit 3 5 11 9600 0 00401041 6 more than 4ms 1 5 11 9600 0 00171875 more than 1ms For speeds more than 19200 bit sec intervals of 1 75 and 0 75 Mc are allowed correspondingly 55 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual CRC 16 Cyclic Redundancy Check Message only data bits without taking into consideration start stop bits and parity bit is considered as a single binary number in which MSB is transmitted first The message is multiplied to X16 is shifted to left by 16 bits and then is divided to polynomial X16 X15 X2 1 expressed as binary number 11000000000000101 The integer part of the expression is ignored and the 16 bit remainder initialized with 1 s to avoid the case when the message consists of 0 s is added to the message as 2 bytes checksum R
92. ted to the software services content on third party Internet sites or third party programs as well as claims for breach of contract breach of warranty guarantee or condition strict liability negligence or other tort to the extent permitted by applicable law It also applies even if repair replacement or a refund for the Software if any does not fully compensate you for any losses or Licensor knew or should have known about the possibility of the damages 10 Limited Warranty If you follow the instructions and the Software is properly licensed the Software will perform substantially as described in the Licensor s materials that you receive in or with the Software The limited warranty covers the software for 90 days after acquiring by you If you receive supplements updates or replacement software during warranty period they will be covered for the remainder of the warranty 11 Exclusions from Warranty This warranty does not cover problems caused by your acts or failures to act the acts of others or events beyond the reasonable control of the Licensor 12 Remedy for Breach of Warranty Licensor will atits election either i repair or replace the Software at no charge within the warranty term or ii accept return of the product s fora refund of the amount paid if any 7 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual The developer Licensor or installer may also repair or replace supplements updates and replacement soft
93. tion is set as Russia Location Poccua and in the tab Advanced language for non Unicode programs is set Pycckuu After installation is complete restart the computer 3 RAFA Solutions 2014 Software License and Evaluation You can use the software without activation for 15 days for evaluation purposes In this case you will see notification of days left each time you start the software Continue Trial Activate To activate software you should click the Activate button The following window will be opened d Serial Number Please enter the serial number received with the Software Serial Number Enter the Serial Number which you were provided If entered serial number is correct the following window will be opened forfinal activation Shown code should be sent to the provided email address to get activation code RAFA Solutions 2014 Please send the following code to info rafasolutions com D711 13H4 6CE5 6AG5 681E 2279 7EAB 9225 Activation Code If entered activation code is correct the following window will appear Please send the following code to info rafasolutions com D711 13H4 6CE5 6AG5 681E 2279 7EAB 9225 VA a arning Activation was Successful Enjoy 5 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual License Agreement END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT AGREEMENT IS A LEGAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND THE LICENSOR YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND B
94. to check received data and send error message in Modbus protocol d InPEduS CS JGSg Received Data ae Address Function Code DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA 01101111011 01010001011 00001001111 00001010011 00111001111 00001110111 01100001111 00 Exercise N2 ir s Error detection in Modbus protocol Purp Templates o START 00000000000 TE Data to Send Sent Data CRC Polynomial Data CRC High byte CRC Low byte Received data packet should be checked and in case of error error message should be sent Frame should include start and stop bits for each of the bytes Parity bit is not used Data frame which should be checked is shown in the field Received Data The purpose of this exercise as well as short instructions are provided on the right side of the window Exercise Instructions To check the frame you should calculate the CRC code using calculator at the button of the window You should check if the calculated CRC is the same as in the frame In case of error response frame should be sent with error notification Click on the templates to construct the frame After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more After the frame is complete click the Send button the frame will appear in the Sent Data field To calculat
95. tocols A demonstration is provided for each protocol to visualize working mechanism of protocols InPEduS also gives opportunity to make reports for finished exercises This option can be helpful for trainers as well as for students to have information about student s progress InPEduS also provides User Manual with full descriptions of all protocols and instructions for exercises in order to perform them correctly Software has also an option to open User Manual while working with protocols This option makes it even more convenient for students to refresh their knowledge of protocols while doing exercises In conclusion InPEduS is an adjuvant tool to make studying process of protocols fascinating All options introduced above make it an ideal platform to learn industrial protocols course either by your own or within a class 2 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Required Software Windows 7 LabVIEW Run Time Engine 2012 MS Word 2010 or higher Installation of the software Install the following software 1 Software InPEduS run setup exe and follow the instructions Please check if you have font Arial CYR on your computer If the font does not exist you can find it in the folder with installer If you are going to use Russian version of the software before running the software ensure MS Windows supports Russian keyboard Open Start gt Control Panel gt Regional and language Options and make sure that loca
96. truct the frame to be sent After clicking selected template will appear in the Data to Send field After the frame is complete click the Send button In case of error within the frame Warning Indicator will turn red Click the Clear button and assemble the frame once more You can send all the numbers within one frame or each number within separate frames To calculate the checksum use calculator in the right side of the window Write down the the data in hexadecimal format in the fields IP Checksum and Data without spaces Fill the Data field and click Calculate Checksum button afterwards If the frame is constructed correctly it will appear in the Sent Data field after clicking Send button 86 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Sent numbers can be checked by clicking Check button If the numbers within the frame are correct the dialog box will appear with Correct text the dialog with Incorrect text will appear in opposite case Clear Sent Data field in this case and repeat all steps The program gives also opportunity to create reports based on the exercise results in MS Word format Click Report button to create the report If the exercise is not finished after Report button is pressed corresponding dialog will appear and the report will not be generated If the exercise is finished correctly window will appear after pressing
97. um Checksum field is 16 bit complement of sum of all 16 bit words in header including pseudo header and the data Before checksum calculation O bits are added until the datagram length is multiple of 16 bits pseudo header and added Os are not sent with the datagram During checksum calculation the Checksum field within UDP header is considered as 0 For checksum calculation pseudo header and UDP message are divided into words 1 word 2 bytes 16 bits When the message is received the receiver re computes checksum taking into consideration the checksum field If binary value of 16 1 s is obtained in the result the checksum is considered descended If the sum does not descend the datagram is being deleted An example of checksum computation is given below Message 0x4500003044224000800600008c7c19acae241e2b First the sum of 16 bit words should be calculated 4500 0030 4422 4000 8006 0000 8c7c 19ac ae24 1e2b 2BBCF BBD1 2 BBCF 1011101111010001 Checksum complement 1011101111010001 0100010000101110 442E Urgent pointer 16 bit value of positive offset from the sequence number in current segment This field indicates the octet sequence number with which significant data ends The field is used only if the URG flag is set Options Can be used in several situations to expand the protocol Sometimes are used for testing 73 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual Protocol operation Unlike UDP
98. ware or provide a refund of the amount you paid for them if any These are your only remedies for breach of the limited warranty 13 No other Warranties The limited warranty is the only direct warranty from the developer Licensor or installer The latters give no other express warranties guarantees or conditions and exclude implied warranties of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose and non infringement 14 Disclaimer of Warranties The Limited Warranty referenced herein is the only express warranty made to you and is provided inlieu of any other express warranties if any Except for the Limited Warranty Licensor and its suppliers provide the Product and support services if any AS IS AND WITH ALL FAULTS and hereby disclaim all other warranties and conditions either express implied or statutory including but not limited to any if any implied warranties duties or conditions of merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose of accuracy or completeness of responses of results of workmanlike effort of lack of viruses and of lack of negligence all with regard to the Product and the provision of or failure to provide support services ALSO THERE IS NO WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF TITLE QUIET ENJOYMENT QUIET POSSESSION AND CORRESPONDENCE TO DESCRIPTION OR NON INFRINGEMENT 15 EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL AND OTHER DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL LICENSOR AND OR ITS SUPPLIERS DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPEC
99. xercise No1 Data transmission in GPIB protocol cccssescecccsescececeeseeceauenceceaaseeeesaeeceeeaueseeesaaesees 69 8 Protocol TOP asst pesca ies capes A AE N 71 Exercise No1 Data transmission in TCP protocoll ccccccsssscccccseeeceeeeeseeceasececeseseceesseseeeeaeeseeesaaasees 76 Exercise No2 Data checkingin TCP protocol ccccccccccccsssseececseeceeeceeseceessenceeeaeeseeeeseaeeeeeaaseeesaaasees 80 Q Protocol UDP ccceccssccccccecsssesssecececeeecseseseeaeeeceeeeesseseeseeeseeeesseseeseeseeeeeesessseseaaeaeceeeesenesesseaeeeeeeeens 82 Exercise No1 Data transmission in UDP protocol ccccccsescccesssseeceeeesceeesascecesaseeeeaaeeeeeeaeseeesaanees 86 Exercise No2 Data checkingin UDP Protocol cccccceccccssescececeeeceeeceeseecesusceeeseeseceeaaascesaueseeseaaanees 88 1 RAFA Solutions 2014 InPEduS User Manual PEIE InPEduS is educational software which is intended to help students learn basics of industrial protocols and interfaces Software is combined of interesting and useful exercises and demonstrations which give a unique opportunity to deeply understand the structure and operation principles of protocols InPEduS software includes 9 popular protocols which are CAN GPIB I2C Modbus RS232 RS485 422 SPI TCP and UDP For each of the protocols from 1 to 3 exercises are designed that serve to test student s knowledge and help them to get the full idea of pro

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