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1. METROLOGY 101 Basic Torque Calibration By Jerry L Eldred TESCOM Introduction The need for accurate torque measurement spans technologies and industries from missions to Mars to installing lug nuts on your old pickup truck When torque is correct it makes us safer and helps equipment operate properly When it is not correct however bolts can snap wheels can fall off gaskets can burst and many dangerous things can happen A recent survey of automotive service managers found that 23 of all auto service problems could be traced to incorrect torque First understood by Archimedes with his laws of levers torque is most simply described as the rotational or angular or twisting force which tends to cause a change in rotational motion It is the amount of force applied to a lever arm in relation to a fulcrum axis Mathematically it is defined as the amount of force applied multiplied by the distance length of the lever arm along the lever to the point where the rotational force is applied One noteworthy aspect of torque in mechanical connections is its relationship to friction For example a lug nut may be designed to securely attach a wheel at a given Figure 1 Typical torque calibration system CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY torque As the lug nut is tightened it presses with increasing force against the wheel which increases both friction and the torque needed to tighten it further Since the a
2. CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule HIGH VOLTAGE CALIBRATION LAB DESIGN MANUFACTURE TEST amp CALIBRATE HV VOLTAGE DIVIDERS HV PROBES HV RELAYS HV AC amp DC HIPOTS HV DIGITAL VOLTMETERS HV CONTACTORS HV CIRCUIT BREAKERS HV RESISTIVE LOADS SPARK GAPS e FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS PPR PRP 0177011711 HV LAB CALIBRATION CAPABILITIES UP TO 450kV PEAK 60Hz e UP TO 400kV DC e UP TO 400kV 1 2x50uS LIGHTNING IMPULSE HV LAB CALIBRATION STANDARDS 7 9 2015 Instrumentation for Test and Measurements Las Vegas NV http www ttiedu com schedule html SEMINARS Mass Mar 16 27 2015 Mass Metrology Seminar Gaithersburg MD NIST Office of Weights and Measures http www nist gov pml wmd labmetrology training cfm Mar 19 2015 The Correct Assessment of a Weighing Instrument MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule SEMINARS Measurement Uncertainty Nov 17 18 2014 Introduction to Measurement Uncertainty San Diego CA American Association for Laboratory Accreditation http www a2la org training course schedule cfm Feb 11 2015 Calculating Uncertainties in Testing Laboratories Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Custom Design 15 our Specialty 150 9001 2008 QMS CERTIFIED ISO IEC 17025 2005 CALIBRATION CERT 2746 01 High Voltage Dividers amp Probes ISO IEC 17025 2005 ACCREDITED ISO 9001 2008 QMS CERTIFIE N 1 S T
3. to perform TDR TDT measurements before performing a user calibration Simply connecting the TDR sampling head to a device allows the user to quickly isolate the distance to a discontinuity investigate the location of reflections and measure propagation time in a transmission line However for the most accurate measurements of a device under test a TDR TDT user calibration is recommended Sources of measurement uncertainty can include instrument imperfections such as Nov 2014 stimulus edge speed step flatness channel bandwidth and the sampler frequency response For example overshoot and ringing in the incident step can mask device reflections making it difficult to isolate if an imperfection is due to the incident step or the device under test The TDT step response before and after calibration is shown in Figure 2 where the calibrated step removes imperfections and provides a better stimulus for a more accurate measurement of the device under test There are additional imperfections external to the instrument which can create measurement uncertainty These include losses and reflections from cables adapters and test fixtures which degrade the incident step arriving at the reference plane Ideally the TDR sampling head can be positioned close to a device under test minimizing these errors a remote TDR head helps meet this requirement If test fixturing is present a TDR calibration will shift the
4. 17 20 2014 MET 301 Advanced Hands on Metrology Everett WA Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com training courses MET 301 Feb 11 2015 Precision DMM Measurements Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 12 2015 Basic Electrical Metrology Techniques Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Apr 20 23 2015 MET 101 Basic Hands on Metrology Everett WA Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com training courses MET 101 May 18 21 2015 MET 301 Advanced Hands on Metrology Everett WA Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com training courses MET 301 SEMINARS Flow amp Pressure Nov 17 21 2014 Principles of Pressure Calibration Phoenix AZ Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com Principles of Pressure Nov 25 27 2014 Principles and Practice of Flow Measurement Training Course East Kilbride Scotland http www tuvnel com Dec 2 2014 Fundamentals of Flow Measurement Training Course Aberdeen Scotland http www tuvnel com Feb 11 2015 Industrial Pressure Calibration and Measurements Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 23 27 2015 Principles of Pressure Calibration Phoenix AZ Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com Principles of Pressure Mar 19 2015 Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of Liquid Mass Flow Rigs Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 19 2015 Measurement Uncertainty Analysis of a Coriolis Ma
5. 18GHz o M2 Noise Sources 18GHz 26 5GHz o Figure 1 Wide band total power radiometer CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY a a a ee a er a a E Filter Power Meter 2 Ampl Nov Dec 2014 II Wide Band Radiometer In metrology institutes there are two types of radiometer used in calibration of noise sources These are Dicke radiometer 1 4 and total power radiometer 5 At UME National Metrology Institute of Turkey to perform a microwave noise measurement a total power radiometer with good sensitivity and drift performance was preferred In order to perform the wide band ENR measurements all frequency points must be swept without break It is very difficult to establish a radiometer operating between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz due to the use of a low noise amplifier LNA isolator and mixer in the system because isolators and LNAs operate in narrow band In order to operate the radiometer in wide band it is necessary to have isolators LNAs and mixers cover all frequency bands between 50 MHz to 26 5 GHz The way of making these elements with different frequency ranges operate together in the same system is to bring them together with a switching system Bringing the microwave elements operating at different frequency ranges together by a switching system a total power radiometer operating between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz has been d
6. CMD Contains IDN ToUpper Then Return myScope ldentity InstrumentModel Exit Function End If If UCase CMD Contains Reset ToUpper Then If Me Reset 0 Then Return Success Else Return ERROR End If Exit Function End If If UCase CMD Contains SelfTest ToUpper Then Dim Result As Integer Me SelfTest If Result 0 Then Return Pass Else Return Fail Code amp Result End If Exit Function Nov Dec 2014 CALIBRATING UUT A REMOTE CompPuTER USING FLUKE MET CAL End If If UCase CMD Contains SelfCal ToUpper Then Dim Result As Integer Me SelfCal If Result 0 Then Return Pass Else Return Fail Code amp Result End If Exit Function End If If UCase CMD Contains ConfigureChanCharacteristics ToUpper Then If Me ConfigureChanCharacteristics CMD 0 Then Return Done Else Return ERROR End If End If If UCase CMD Contains ConfigureVertical ToUpper Then If Me ConfigureVertical CMD 0 Then Return Done Else Return ERROR End If End If If UCase CMD Contains ConfigureHorizontalTiming ToUpper Then If Me ConfigureHorizontalTiming CMD 0 Then Return Done Else Return ERROR End If End If If UCase CMD Contains ConfigureEdgeTrigger ToUpper Then If Me ConfigureEdgeTrigger CMD 0 Then Return Done Else Return ERROR End If End If If UCase CMD Contains
7. ConfigurelmmediateTrigger ToUpper Then If Me ConfigurelmmediateTrigger 0 Then Return Done Else Return ERROR End If End If If UCase CMD Contains Commit ToUpper Then If Me Commit 0 Then Return Done Else Return ERROR End If End If If UCase CMD Contains Measure ToUpper Then Dim Result As Double Me Measure CMD Return Result Exit Function End If Return ERROR Command Not Processed Exit Function MICHAEL L SCHWARTZ This function overrides the base class function that uses the Operating Contract and WebGet attributes lt OperationContract gt lt WebGet ResponseFormat WebMessageFormat Xml BodyStyle WebMessageBodyStyle Bare gt Public MustOverride Function Command ByVal CMD As String As String This makes creating a web interface for the above command process a as simple as Create New host Dim host New WebServiceHost handler New Uri http amp Me IP amp amp Me Port Dim EP host AddServiceEndpoint GetType iTxtCommand New WebHttpBinding Name host Open Creating The MCNETCOMM EXE Now that the code UUT command processing code is written and a service has been enabled the next thing we need is a link from MET CAL Because we wanted the software to be backward compatible we chose to write an executable that could exchange data between MET CAL using the dosdose dat file and the DOS FSC The McNetComm exe
8. Feb 3 4 2015 Hands On Gage Calibration and Repair Workshop Maple Grove MN IICT Enterprises LLC http www iictenterprisesllc com Feb 11 2015 Dimensional Measurements in an Industrial Testing Environment Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 19 20 2015 Hands On Gage Calibration and Repair Workshop Yorba Linda CAI IICT Enterprises LLC http www iictenterprisesllc com Mar 5 6 2015 Gage Calibration Systems and Methods City of Industry CA Mitutoyo Institute of Metrology http www mitutoyo com support mitutoyo institute of metrology Mar 17 19 2015 Hands On Gage Calibration Aurora IL http www mitutoyo com support mitutoyo institute of metrology Improve Your Measurement Uncertainty Measurement uncertainty is directly affected by the calibration standard used to calibrate your equipment Visit www mhforce com for more information ISO 17025 Accredited American Association of Laboratory ACCREDITED Accreditation Calibration Cert 1398 01 Prompt Delivery of 5 7 Days on Most Items Expedited Service Available MOREHOUSE FORCE amp TORQUE CALIBRATION LABORATORIES Phone 717 843 0081 Fax 717 846 4193 www mhforce com e mail hzumbrunt amp mhforce com Meorefhroude WSTRUMENT COMPANY INC 1742 Sixth Avenue York PA USA Oct Nov Dec 2014 www mhforce com CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY CALENDAR SEMINARS Electrical Nov
9. Measure the physical temperature of radiometer and ambient noise source No Figure 7 Measurement software flow diagram After adjusting the LO to the frequency needed for maintaining IF frequency at the output of mixer the system is left for stabilization When the power read from the display of the power meter becomes stable data is taken Afterwards the same procedure is repeated for unknown noise source and ambient noise source in turn at the same frequency In order to measure the physical temperature of the load used as ambient noise source a resistor with negative temperature coefficient NTC is Nov Dec 2014 Wipk BAND MICROWAVE Norse MEASUREMENT SYSTEM MURAT CELEP used Similarly radiometer temperature is measured with another NTC An entire measurement for one frequency takes approximately three minutes The measurement steps are then repeated for the remaining frequencies The measurement cycle finishes after the last frequency IV Measurement Results Microwave noise measurements between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz were performed by wide band radiometer In these measurements two NC346C model noise sources with 15 dB ENR certified by National Physical Laboratory of United Kingdom NPL were used One of the noise sources was used as the standard and the other as unknown Substitution of the measurement results and the radiometer parameters to Eq 2 leads to calculation of noise temperature of
10. TRACEABILITY N R C TRACEABILITY Oct Nov Dec 2014 OSS ENGINEERING C 540 Westchester Dr Ca www rossengine 408 3 Car Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY CALENDAR Feb 12 2015 Statistical Analysis of Metrology Data Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Mar 19 2015 Practical Uncertainty for the Average and Not So Average Calibration Laboratory MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule SEMINARS Microwave March 19 2015 Microwave Measurement Basics MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule SEMINARS Quality amp Standards Dec 8 9 2014 ISO IEC 17025 2005 and Laboratory Accreditation Frederick MD http www a2la org training course_ schedule cfm Dec 9 11 2014 Cal Lab Management Beyond 17025 Training Los Angeles Quick scheduling and efficient assessments On demand responsiveness True affordability Global recognition by ILAC Proof of compliance with ISO IEC 17025 Learn about the Benefits of IAS Accreditation ratories Accreditation Service Plus CA WorkPlace Training http www wptraining com Feb 11 2015 Asset Management in a Test Lab Environment Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 11 2015 Record Keepers and Record Seekers Common Record Keeping Mistakes Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 11 12 2015 ISO IEC 17025 L
11. a column of mercury which rises or falls in response to pressure But though accurate and reliable these instruments are bulky and their dependence on Free Humidity Theory eBook Want a better measurement of humidity Part One Theory Humidity Academy Improve your understanding of the parameter This new eBook Humidity Theory covers e What is humidity rotronic SAS Ri TCR e Temperature and pressure effects on relative humidity e Capacitive sensor technology Download your free eBook at e Wet bulb dry bulb content rotronic usa com humiditytheory e Pros and cons of other technology Choosing the right technology for your application XV Ag aa www rotronic usa com info rotronic usa com 631 427 3898 CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY rotronic MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS Oct Nov Dec 2014 INDUSIRY AND RESEARCH NEWS mercury a neurotoxic substance makes them undesirable In fact mercury s hazards have prompted a global effort to cut or phase out this substance from products and manufacturing a goal made manifest by a United Nations Environment Program UNEP treaty that has been signed by more than 100 countries The new mercury free photonic pressure sensor consists of a temperature controlled optical cavity approximately 15 5 cm about 6 inches long by 5 cm 2 in by 5 cm 2 in encased in copper The cavity contains two channels one flooded with nitrogen gas and t
12. by the atoms By measuring this effect researchers can calculate the field strength Various atoms can be used NIST uses rubidium or cesium to measure field strength in different parts of the frequency spectrum Among possible applications the NIST probe may be suitable for measuring and optimizing compatibility in densely packaged electronics that include radar and wireless communications and control links and for integration into endoscopic probes with medical applications such as investigating implants in the body The technique might also be included in a future NIST on a chip offering multiple measurement methods and standards in a portable form Importantly the technique also enables for the first time calibrated measurements of frequencies above 100 GHZ in the millimeter wave and sub terahertz bands This capability will be crucial for the development of advanced communications systems and climate change research among other applications Five co authors of the new paper are with the University of Michigan which provided the blue laser and aided in the experiments The project is funded in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency C L Holloway J A Gordon S Jefferts A Schwarzkopf D A Anderson S A Miller N Thaicharoen and G Raithelet Broadband Rydbergatom based electric field probe From self calibrated measurements to sub wavelength imaging IEEE Trans on Antennas and Pr
13. force during the calibration process as this will provide inaccurate results Straight Vertical Position Keep the torque screwdriver or T handle tool exactly vertical to the torque transducer Leaning the tool creates friction and will cause inaccurate readings Warm Up The Screwdriver To lubricate and warm up internal components rotate the torque tool 6 full rotations on a fixture or on the torque calibrator provided the full range of the calibrator is not exceeded 360 Degree Calibration Using Peak mode on the calibrator slowly rotate the screwdriver or T handle a full 360 degrees with a smooth continuous force pausing after each break over to allow the peak indication on the calibrator to reset Note the actual torque at each break over and be sure every break over during the entire rotation is within allowed tolerance Technical References 1 EURAMET cg 14 v 01 July 2007 Guidelines the Calibration of Static Torque Measuring Devices 2 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1506789 Third Edi tion 2003 04 01 Assembly tools for screws and nuts Hand torque tools Requirements and test methods for design conformance testing quality conformance testing and recalibration procedure Jerry Eldred is Technical Manager Calibration Services at TESCOM in Austin Texas jerrye tescomusa com http www lescomusa com CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY Wide Band Microwave Noise Measurement 5yste
14. measurement reference plane closer to the device and remove reflections and losses before the launch into the device Another benefit of TDR TDT calibration is the effective edge speed of the stimulus can be changed after calibration Figure 3 shows a pair of closely spaced discontinuities measured with a range of edge speeds A TDR measurement with a faster edge speed is able to resolve more closely spaced discontinuities Performing a TDR calibration corrects for test system imperfections test fixturing before the device and allows the user to vary the TDR edge speed A TDR calibration insures the most accurate measurements of a device Electronic TDR Calibration A New Approach A new approach to perform a TDR calibration uses an electronic calibration or E Cal module Electronic calibration was pioneered for Vector Network Analyzers to make Nov Dec 2014 ACCELERATE TDR MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION m FA E i i y i fl ue E I MT IT TT P 10 Jonn AND Ros SLEIGH calibrated Uncalibrated Figure 3 Apair of discontinuities on a test board measured using different edge speeds calibration faster and easier and has been in use for more than a decade Benefits of the electronic calibration include less chance of operator error fewer connections faster calibration time and less connector wear and tear An E
15. of the gain dB Measured e Calculated 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 Reflection coefficient Figure 5 Deviation of the LNA gain versus load reflection coefficient 6 CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY LNA after each impedance change A long waiting time between two measurements leads to both changes in the radiometer gain and increases in the measurement time due to the large number of measurements Prolonged measurement time for such a system is not acceptable 8 Moreover variable LNA gain negatively affects both radiometer gain and radiometer sensitivity 1 Therefore whether currently in use or not load impedance of the LNA in the channel should be approximately equal to the characteristic impedance However it is not possible for a standard switching system A Dow Key 571K model microwave switch with the structure given in Fig 6 was used to keep the LNA load reflection coefficient value close to zero when the LNA is out of use In this case LNA output is connected to match load Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel N Switch control Common Figure 6 Loaded microwave switch The microwave elements that are currently out of use but connected to the switch are terminated with a 50 Ohm load by using the loaded microwave switch Thus holding the working conditions similar the LNAs have been made to have stable gain III Measurement Proce
16. the case for the RF section Since the microwave elements in the RF section such as a low noise amplifier LNA isolator and mixer cannot be manufactured as wide band elements the frequency of this section is limited by the frequencies of the microwave elements For this reason the radiometer systems are designed to operate only at one frequency band 2 Yet solid state noise sources used in metrology are wide band devices 3 Therefore to measure a wide band noise source more than one narrow band radiometers are needed and this is both laborious and time consuming In this article design production and automation of a total power radiometer operating in wide band range to measure microwave noise generated by noise source are reported With the system described in this work the excess noise ratio ENR value of a noise source operating between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz can be measured In order to reduce the measurement errors due to the operator software was also developed 50MHz LNAI Standard 7 01 6 07 12 100MHz 2 NNNM o A 200MHz Lo P 52 i 300MHz 55 45 400MHz 500MHz LO Ambient a0 S7 AEN ls Cr ee eee OQ 500MHz 1GHz o 97 D13 19 120 26 ee T Unknown LI s4 09 LSS e z 8GHz o o 6 8GHz 12GHz o S8 LNA2 8 12GHz
17. the unknown noise source 9 1 M ns Y 1 M n e LET where T is the ambient noise temperature T is the standard noise temperature K Y is the ratio of output powers unknown Y factor when unknown and ambient noise sources are alternately connected to the radiometer input Y is the ratio of output powers standard Y factor when standard and ambient noise sources are alternately connected to the radiometer input M is the mismatch factor between the unknown noise source and the radiometer input M is the mismatch factor between the standard noise source and the radiometer input and and are the efficiencies of microwave switch paths connected to the unknown and standard noise sources ENR values were calculated with the help of the equation ENR dB 10log T T T after noise temperature of T had been calculated Calculated and certified ENR values of the unknown noise source are given in Fig 8 17 5 17 0 16 5 ENR dB Frequency GHz Figure 8 ENR measurement result 6 CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY BAND MICROWAVE Norse MEASUREMENT SYSTEM MURAT CELEP The measurements give uncertainties between 0 13 and 0 34 dB The difference between ENR values calculated and those given in the certificate vary from 0 32 to 0 30 dB that falls into acceptab
18. we designed will support versions of MET CAL from 5 0 and up to and including 8 x version We also created the executable to be COM visible This will allow new versions of MET CAL to access the MSB using the LIB FSC in place of the DOS FSC The MET CAI Procedure Like all of our procedures we like to calibrate more with less code so this procedure supports our standard MET CAL programming model with the Test Points Sub calling the Test Routines sub I want to keep this paper short so if you have questions on this model you can read my paper on Rethinking the Flexible Standards Paradigm found at http www callabsolutions com category papers articles As we build the communication and control portion of our MET CAL procedure we were able to simplify thinks by keeping a set of global variables storing the state of the instrument Then we could simply call a configure instrument call that would set the UUT up as required for the test First we would call the Default Test Configuration resetting the global variables End Function Exposing the Command Processor 3 001 LABEL Default This was the coolest part of the code Notice Channel Settings the Overrides in the function call listed below 3 002 MATH Channel 1 3 003 Impedance 1e6 Public Overrides Function Command ByVal CMD As String 3 004 MATH Bandwidth 100e6 3 005 Coupl As String 3 006 MATH Atten 1 Nov D
19. well with the comparison reference value Some travelling standard resistors showed stability problems which was difficult to model and put some limitations on the meaningfulness of the comparison results for the laboratories with the best uncertainties A remarkable outcome is the big difference in the uncertainty statements made by the participants even in cases where similar measurement systems were used This indicates that some spurious effects such as leakage or insufficient stabilization time have remained undetected by some Oct Nov Dec 2014 participants and or that their effect on the total measurement uncertainty has been underestimated Here the results of the comparison help the participants to critically review their measurement procedures and uncertainty models nVision Reference Recorder Accurate RUGGED Portable m Accuracy up to 0 025 Collects and stores up to 1 million data points Replaces a deadweight tester and chart recorder Temperature current voltage and switch Also available in a Lab Reference configuration Crystal AMETEK TEST amp CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTS For further information contact Beat Jeckelmann beat jeckelmann metas ch or Gert Rietveld grietveldevsl nl The full comparison report can be found on http iopscience iop org 0026 1394 50 1A 01008 METEK Crystal Wision 13 CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METRO
20. 11 E CARSON ST PITTSBURGH PA 15203 TEL 412 431 0640 FAX 412 431 0649 Excellence in Resistance CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY WWW OHM LABS COM Oct Nov Dec 2014 CALENDAR SEMINARS Dimensional Nov 20 21 2014 Gage Calibration Systems and Methods Mason Cincinnati OH Mitutoyo Institute of Metrology http www mitutoyo com support mitutoyo institute of metrology Nov 20 21 2014 Hands On Gage Calibration and Repair Workshop Detroit MI IICT Enterprises LLC http www iictenterprisesllc com Dec 4 5 2014 Hands On Gage Calibration and Repair Workshop Schaumburg IL IICT Enterprises LLC http www iictenterprisesllc com Dec 4 5 2014 Gage Calibration Systems and Methods Aurora Chicago IL Mitutoyo Institute of Metrology http www mitutoyo com support mitutoyo institute of metrology Jan 6 7 2015 Hands On Gage Calibration and Repair Workshop Detroit MI Enterprises LLC http www iictenterprisesllc com Jan 15 16 2015 Gage Calibration Systems and Methods Houston TX Mitutoyo Institute of Metrology http www mitutoyo com support mitutoyo institute of metrology Jan 20 21 2015 Hands On Gage Calibration and Repair Workshop Milwaukee WI IICT Enterprises LLC http www iictenterprisesllc com Jan 27 29 2015 Hands On Gage Calibration Aurora IL Mitutoyo Institute of Metrology http www mitutoyo com support mitutoyo institute of metrology
21. 15 Disneyland Hotel Anaheim California ENGAGING gt MEASUREMENT ne Www msc conf com In n MSC features topics of interest to the test metrology and calibration and precision measurement communities MSC was founded to promote education and professionalism in measurement science and related disciplines Technical and managerial experts in the measurement sciences are invited 10 NSP Dr to lead sessions panel discussions and present papers or workshops on topics of importance to the global measurement community Participants from government aerospace medical and ORGANIZATIONAL EXC N C F 15642 Sand Canyon Ave 51147 Irvine CA 92619 www msc conf com P 866 672 6327 951 273 5175 015 x DISCOVER THE BLUE DIFFERENCE SQOQB AUTOMATED PRECISION VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM Calibration of Fluke 57xx series e Traceability to 10V Zener Reference e 1200V Range e Automated Binary Voltage Divider Bipolar Measurements e Accuracy as low as 0 05 ppm e Built in 20 Channel Scanner e Self Calibration AA a Measurements International 7 Metrology is Our SUM EY is Our usiness www mintl com
22. Bilateral Comparison of Microwave Noise Power in Coaxial Line IEEE Trans On Instru ment and Measurement Vol 40 No 2 pp 449 454 April 1991 Celep 5 Yaran Hay rl A Dolma Develop ment of radiometer operating between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz using gain stabilized LNA Turk J Elec Eng amp Comp Sci in press 3 4 5 6 CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 26 7 S J Orfanidis Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas Rutgers University pp 563 568 2010 M Celep 5 Yaran Y G lmez A Dolma Charac terization of a Total Power Radiometer Turk J Elec Eng amp Comp Sci Vol 20 pp 870 880 2012 5 P Pucic Derivation of the system equation for 8 9 null balanced total power radiometer system 51 Journal of Research of The National Institute of Stan dards and Technology Vol 99 pp 55 63 1994 Murat Celep T BITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstit t s 51 41470 Gebze Kocaeli murat celep tubitak gov tr Nov Dec 2014 Power Sensor Calibration Software PS Cal is the first truly Windows Based power sensor calibration solution capable of testing multiple sensors at one time It is by far the easiest to use most customizable and state of the art solution on the market PS Cal software 15 designed to perform all of the required tests on power sensors including rho cal factor and linearity Currently it is the
23. Cal module is a transfer standard rather than an absolute standard Each E Cal module might have a slightly different electrical response for each standard but calibration data unique to each standard is measured and stored as part of the manufacturing process This ensures the transfer standard used for each measurement is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and 29 CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY ACCELERATE TDR MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION Jonn AND Ros SLEIGH m Mechanical Calibeation B Ewcironic Calibration all Number of TDR Sampling Heads Number of Connections Disconnections Car Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 30 Figure 6 Required Number of Connections for Calibration vs TDR Head Count Technology NIST There are 7 unique electronic states measured during the E Cal each new state is switched into the measurement path automatically using a FET switch Other than a connection to the E Cal module no user intervention is required during the calibration There is one important difference between a VNA and TDR E Cal module Recall a TDR can perform measurements to DC while a VNA has a low frequency limit often in the 10 s of MHz A TDR E Cal module is designed to ensure standards are characterized to DC As a result a standard VNA E Cal module cannot be used for TDR electronic calibration To perform an electronic calibration each T
24. Calibration Facility The National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST has launched a new calibration service for high power lasers of the sort used by manufacturers for applications such as cutting and welding metals as well as by the military for more specialized applications like defusing unexploded land mines NIST is the only national metrology institute in the world to offer calibrations for laser power and power meters above 1 5 kilowatts KW The new service is offered for power levels up to 10 kW Light focused from a 10 kW laser is more than a million times more intense than sunlight reaching the Earth NIST recently completed its first high power calibration for a commercial 5 kW laser power meter The measurement had an uncertainty of about one percent over two standard deviations the accuracy and precision threshold necessary for military and advanced manufacturing applications That level of uncertainty at multi kilowatt levels is unprecedented calibration leader Josh Hadler says Laser output must be known exactly to achieve effective safe performance in virtually all applications at these power levels To establish the new service NIST staff bought a 10 KW fiber laser and extensively renovated a laboratory to meet electrical requirements and add appropriate safeguards such as walls with high damage tolerance and special optics and beam controls for the laser Operators view the running laser from be
25. DR sampling head only needs to be connected to the E Cal module one time A photo of a 2 port E Cal is shown in Figure 4 where only two connections are required A mechanical calibration for a similar number of ports requires 8 connections as shown in Figure 5 The total connections disconnections for both mechanical calibration and electronic calibration vs TDR head count is summarized in Figure 6 Clearly the number of connections disconnections is reduced using an E Cal module in place of mechanical standards The time required to connect disconnect standards during calibration is a significant portion of the total calibration time This is shown in Figure 7 which plots the total time for a mechanical calibration and electronic calibration vs the number of TDR sampling heads In general the electronic calibration takes about half the time as a mechanical calibration to complete One point here is that additional impedance states are measured for each port during an electronic calibration so the E Cal measurement time for a given port count is longer Ultimately there is an overall time savings using an E Cal module due to the fewer number of connections Additionally user intervention is significantly reduced during an electronic calibration Nov 2014 Multilane Device Measurement Example Once calibration is complete a device can be connected and measured The number of signal paths which need to
26. Hz 500Hz 1lkHz 10kHz Gain sensitivity Error 0 01 0 5 20 0 01 0 5 3 10 01 0 05 3 Phase Error 0 2 4 30 0 1 0 5 3 001 01 t Voltage Output options available x1V and 10V Gain DS200 typical Phase DS200 typical 0 z 5 A 10 15 20 25 30 10 100 10 00 10000 100000 1000000 Frequency Hz Gain Phase Degrees 1000 10000 100000 1000000 Frequency Hz 4 channel Transducer Interface Unit and Power Supply improved performance for Power Amplifiers e Power and Signal connections for up to four Current Transducer heads e Heads may be mixed e g One 052000 Head and three 05200 Heads VOLUME 21 NUMBER 4 A 10 THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY www callabmag com FEATURES 18 Metrology 101 Basic Torque Calibration Jerry Eldred 22 Wide Band Microwave Noise Measurement System Murat Celep 28 Accelerate TDR Measurements with Electronic Calibration John Dorighi Rob Sleigh 34 Calibrating a UUT on a Remote Computer Using Fluke MET CAL Michael Schwartz DEPARTMENTS 2 Calendar 3 Editor s Desk 16 Cal Toons by Ted Green 10 Industry and Research News 40 New Products and Services 44 Automation Corner ON THE COVER A technician at a calibration station at the Keysight Technologies Primary Standards Lab in Loveland Colorado Nov Dec 2014 1 CaL
27. LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY CALENDAR UPCOMING CONFERENCES amp MEETINGS Nov 19 20 2014 Large Volume Metrology Conference amp Exhibition LVMC Manchester UK The LVMC is the only European event solely dedicated to portable and large volume 3D measurement technology http www lvmc eu Dec2 5 2014 84th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference Boulder CO The New Frontiers for Microwave Measurements is this conference s theme They encourage submission of original papers exploring all areas of microwave RF and mm wave measurements http www arftg org Feb 11 15 2015 NCSLI Technical Exchange Raleigh NC Offering measurement training workshops conducted by True Experts in the field of metrology http ncsli org Mar 2 5 2015 15th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces University of North Carolina at Charlotte is home to the Center for Precision Metrology an interdisciplinary association of faculty and student researchers allied with industrial partners in the research development and integration of precision metrology as applied to manufacturing http aspe net metprops2015 html Boost your lab productivity with the 9118A Thermocouple Calibration Furnace Mar 3 4 2015 South East Asia Flow Measurement Conference Kuala Lumpur Malaysia The 2015 South East Asia Flow Measurement Conference will continue to meet challenges of the oil and gas industry
28. LOGY INDUSIRY AND RESEARCH NEWS Trouble with a Capital October 27 2014 NIST has taken part in a new push to address a persistent and growing problem in physics the value of G The Newtonian constant of gravitation used to calculate the attractive force of gravity between objects is more than 300 years old But although scientists have been trying to measure its value for centuries G is still only known to 3 significant figures By contrast other constants have been measured with much greater precision the mass of the electron in kilograms for example is known to about 8 digits Worse yet the more experiments researchers conduct to pin down the gravitational constant the more their results diverge On October 9 10 2014 several dozen scientists from around the world gathered at NIST to consider their options We re all here because we have a problem with G and I mean boy do we have a problem with said Carl Williams Chief of PML s Quantum Measurement Division to the assembled group on the first morning of the meeting This has become one of the serious issues that physics needs to address The gravitational constantis familiarly known as big G to distinguish it from little g the acceleration due to the Earth s gravity Despite its name big G is tiny about 6 67 x 10 m kg s and comparatively feeble roughly a trillion trillion trillion times weaker than the elec
29. aboratory Accreditation Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 12 2015 Proficiency Testing Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 12 2015 Selecting Appropriate Calibration Intervals Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 8 Mar 18 19 Preparation for ASQ Certified Calibration Technician Exam Refresher Workshop MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 18 2015 Root Cause Analysis MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 19 2015 Aligning Supplier Quality with ASQ Quality Tools and Lean Six Sigma Methodologies Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 19 2015 Metrology and Quality Control in Nanotechnology MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 19 2015 RACI for Process and Procedures Management in an ISO 17025 ISO 9001 and NOA 1 Environment MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Oct Nov Dec 2014 CALENDAR Mar 19 2015 Risk Management for Process Improvement in the Calibration amp Testing Laboratory MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 19 2015 Traceability and Uncertainty Policies of the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation ILAC MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tuto
30. acteristics 7 003 MATH MEM2 MEM2 amp Channel amp Channel 7 004 MATH MEM2 MEM2 amp lmpedance amp Qlmpedance 7 005 MATH MEM2 MEM2 amp Bandwidth amp Bandwidth 7 006 DOS C CLS McNetComm exe Query UUT 7 007 IF Find MEM2 Configure 1 7 008 DISP Communication Error Command Not Executed 7 009 ENDIF 7 010 END e 8 001 LABEL ConfVert 8 002 MATH MEM2 ConfigureVertical 8 003 MATH 2 2 amp Channel amp Channel CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 38 8 004 MATH MEM2 MEM2 amp Coupling amp Coupl 8 005 MATH MEM2 MEM2 amp Attenuationz amp Atten 8 006 MATH 2 2 amp Range amp Range 8 007 MATH MEM2 MEM2 amp Offset amp Offset 8 008 DOS C CLS McNetComm exe Query UUT 8 009 IF Find MEM2 Configure 1 8 010 DISP Communication Error Command Not Executed 8 011 ENDIF 8 012 END Conclusion So why does all this work It is not just because it is neat ironically I write more code so that I can write less code Most developers and managers don t see the cost for code support and re writes We look at our software with respect to support and life expectancy To be successful as a software development organization in the metrology world we have to produce quality software solutions that can stand the test of time Creating an additional layer to our procedures the Metrology Service Bus will allow greater flexibi
31. be measured depends on the number of device ports For a 2 port device a total of 4 measurements are required As device port increases the required number of measurements scales as the square of the device port count For example a 4 port device requires 16 measurements an 8 port device requires 64 measurements and a 16 port device requires 256 measurements A multilane device traditionally characterized using TDR is an InfiniBand passive electrical cable which supports 4 lanes of traffic at 10 Gbit sec InfiniBand is a high speed bidirectional point to point communication link which uses multiple lanes to increase throughput Similar to a single lane device it is important to characterize the TDR TDT for each lane of a multilane device In addition the impact of adjacent aggressor lanes on a victim channel needs to be investigated This is important as signal cross talk between lanes can degrade eye opening and potentially cause bit errors at the receiver The test connections using 8 TDR sampling heads are shown in Figure 8 The step simulating port 1 is measured at each of the 4 ports The time domain reflected signal is measured at port 1 while the transmitted step TDT is measured at port2 The near end cross talk signal NEXT and far end cross talk signal FEXT are respectively measured at ports 3 and 4 The test setup to measure the cable is shown in Figure 9 where a test fixture at each end of the
32. be written integrating Metrology NET tools to remotely calibrate a UUT connected to a remote computer on a completely different operating system To do so we will first cover the basic design patterns of remote computing show how we create the command interface for a non message based instrument then how to remotely communicate with the instrument The Problem PXI amp PXIE instruments are growing in popularity so calibration labs are working to find solutions to support them internally Many manufacturers have created support solutions to help self maintainers but not all calibration labs are able to retool to support the software High accuracy standards are very expensive so many calibration labs are looking to support more equipment with a smaller footprint of hardware In this example one of our customers was looking for a custom solution to support National Instruments PXI 5122 They have and use the Calibration Executive from National Instruments but do not support enough oscilloscopes to justify the purchase of a Fluke 9500 Instead their lab has a Fluke 5520 a standard fully capable of calibrating the PXI 5122 Looking at the Problem in the Problem Domain e The calibration lab needs a way to support the PXI 5122 in house e They donothave a Fluke 9500 e They have a Fluke 5520 e Testing them manually is not an option Our Approach Fluke MET CAL is a very popular software tool used by many calibra
33. by staying ahead of developments in technology regulation and practice http www tuvnel com Mar 17 18 2015 METROMEET Bilbao Spain The International Conference of Industrial Dimensional Metrology http metromeet org Mar 17 19 2015 European Flow Measurement Workshop Noordwijk Netherlands Previously held in Portugal this year s 3rd annual workshop will take place in the Grand Hotel Huis ter Duin http www efmws eu Mar 18 20 2015 Measurement Science Conference MSC amp Training Symposium Anaheim CA Engaging Measurement Science to Inspire Organizational Excellence for 45 years http msc conf com Mar 20 22 2015 A2LA Technical Forum amp Annual Meeting Baltimore MD http www a2la org techforum The 9118A Thermocouple Calibration Furnace is the most flexible accurate and reliable horizontal calibration furnace in its class with these productivity boosting benefits Cover high temperature applications 300 C to 1200 C range Increase calibration throughput operate as an open ended tube furnace or with an isothermal block Calibrate accurately best in class temperature stability and radial axial uniformity Automate calibration of up to 40 sensors use the 9118A with the 1586A Super DAQ Precision Temperature Scanner Get all the details about the 9118A Thermocouple Calibration Furnace and request a quote online www flukecal com 9118A Fluke Calibration Precision performance
34. cable adapts the coaxial launch of the test equipment to the connector at the input output of the cable Unused ports of the test fixture need to be terminated with 50 Ohms The Nov 2014 ACCELERATE TDR MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION Jonn DoniGH AND Ros SLEIGH m E Ca Measurement Tru mir m E Ca Connection Time m Mechanical Cal Measurement Time min gm Mechanical Cal Time 4 12 Number of TOR Sampling Heads 1 Coaxial Fixture Launch Coaxial Fixture Launch 17 Tiga Figure 9 Test setup to measure a passive 4 lane cable assembly 31 Car LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY ACCELERATE TDR MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION Jonn DoriIGHI AND Ros SLEIGH time domain measurement results for a 10 ps edge speed are shown in Figure 10 One point is that the vertical units and scaling for each waveform are different The vertical unit for the TDR waveform is Ohms while the other waveform units are in mV The cross talk scaling for NEXT and FEXT 2 mV div is significantly smaller than the TDT incident step scaling 100 mV div The TDR plot shows the reflections from the coaxial launch into the fixture also clear are the reflections at each end of the cable under test Comparing the TDR reflections to those in the NEXT plot demonstrates that the coupling onto the victim lane occurs at each end of the cable A similar conclusion
35. certainties in the measurements and much of the discussion focused on reducing noise One way to address this problem participants felt is for different teams to conduct independent experiments using the same set of apparatus Two CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 14 groups with particularly deviant results offered their equipment during the meeting pending discussions with the teams that will reuse the resources Workshop attendees expressed moderate interest in forming a consortium an organization that would centralize the process of finding consensus A potential benefit of a consortium would be providing NIST and other National Measurement Institutes NMIs with a means of contributing support for example in the form of precision length metrology services to members Clearly there is no right answer for how to move forward Williams said But there is international support around resolving the big G controversy and so it s a great time for us in that regard Jennifer Lauren Lee i The mass of an electron is 9 109 382 91 40 x 10 kg where the number in parentheses indicates uncertainty in the final two digits Calculating the gravitational attraction between two objects requires taking the product of two masses and dividing by the square of the distance between them then multiplying that value by G The equation is F Gm m f ii CODATA s latest set released in 2010 recommended a valu
36. confidence Electrical RF Temperature Pressure Flow Software Calibration 2014 Fluke Calibration Specifications are subject to change without notice Ad no 6002183A_EN CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY Oct Nov Dec 2014 THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY PUBLISHES MICHAEL L SCHWARTZ EDITOR SITA P SCHWARTZ CAL LAB PO Box 111113 Aurora CO 80042 TEL 303 317 6670 FAX 303 317 5295 office callabmag com www callabmag com EDITORIAL ADVISORS CHRISTOPHER L GRACHANEN HEWLETT PACKARD MIKE SURACI LEAD ASSESSOR ACLASS MARTIN DE GROOT MARTINDEGROOT CONSULTANCY Subscription fees for 1 year 4 issues 50 for USA 55 Mexico Canada 65 all other countries Visit www callabmag com to subscribe Printed in the USA Copyright 2014 CAL LAB ISSN No 1095 4791 Nov Dec 2014 EDITOR S DESK Take a Trip Ispent the past month organizing notes on meetings amp conferences for 2015 Some events come and go but many take place regularly across the globe from Moscow Russia to Grapevine Texas Maybe you ve never attended or just not attended in awhile If that s you then consider taking a trip Conferences and meetings are avenues for people to share innovations and bounce ideas off each other Attendees can pick and choose their experience training amp education meeting and drinking with other attendees in and around the ven
37. d to verify the theoretical results After the impedance values were specified at 20 GHz according to different positions of the MMT 2604 model tuner connected directly between the VNA ports the Miteq AFS33 model LNA was introduced as shown in Fig 4 Then LNA gains were measured by changing the load impedance of LNA with different tuner positions am di Load reflection coeffscienit Cuvee reaction Figure 3 Variation in LNA gain CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY BAND MICROWAVE Norse MEASUREMENT SYSTEM MURAT CELEP Vector Network Analyzer Low Noise Amplifier Figure 4 Measurement setup for LNA gain due to change of load impedance Moreover the LNA gain values at 20 GHz were calculated using LNA s parameters source and load impedance reflection coefficients The gain values directly measured by the VNA and those calculated by Eq 1 seen in Fig 5 are found to be compatible with each other The curves in Fig 5 involve only the case that lhas constant value and that I changes between 0 and 0 8 which is some partition of the graph in Fig 3 The change in the gain when T 1 changes between 0 and 0 8 is higher than 10 dB for both theoretical and experimental results shown in Fig 5 Variable port impedance as well as the LNA gain changes the noise figure value produced by LNA 7 This increases the waiting time needed for equilibrium of Deviation
38. df 6 InfiniBand is a registered trade mark and service mark of the In finiBand Trade Association Oct Nov Dec 2014 Authors John Dorighi Application Engineer Keysight Technologies Contact Center John is an Application Engineer focusing on high speed electrical and optical measurements He has been helping customers solve measurement problems for 15 years at the Keysight Agilent Technologies Contact Center John has an Engineering Ph D from Northwestern University in Evanston IL Rob Sleigh Product Manager Keysight Technologies Oscilloscope Products Division Rob is responsible for product development for the division s high speed electrical and optical digital communications analyzer and jitter test products Rob s experience at Keysight Agilent Technologies includes 5 years in technical support and over 10 years in technical marketing Jonn AND Ros SLEIGH 99 CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY Calibrating UUT on a Remote Computer Using Fluke MET CAL Michael L Schwartz Cal Lab Solutions Inc Current and next generation test equipment will be modular and tightly coupled with a computer s operating system Calibration labs have to be highly dynamic supporting all the measurement test systems turned in for calibration This presents challenges for automation but technologies can be designed to work together This paper will show how a Fluke MET CAL procedure can
39. dure For noise source and measurement channel selection to use in the system and for data acquisition software was developed Using Microsoft Visual Basic an interface was built up whose flow diagram is given in Fig 7 In the interface there are the inputs to enter certain information such as measurement frequencies power values applied by a local oscillator operator environmental conditions and remarks for noise sources used The software uses measurement frequencies and LO power values as input It is necessary to select the LO output power values correctly in order to make a mixer operate efficiently Thus the entry of power value of LO was left to the operator At the beginning of the measurement the standard noise source channel is selected by a 51 switch Then in order to select the channel compatible with the measurement frequency S2 58 switches are used Nov 2014 Enter the information of noise source operator date etc Enter measurement frequencies n is frequency number Enter LO power value Y Start measurement Adjust LO to it frequency and power Y Select the radiometer channel competible with frequency m 1 standard noise source i m 2 unkown noise source m 3 ambient noise source Select mi noise source and wait Y Measure radiometer output power
40. dvantage of a single connection to the calibration module which contains various impedance states that can be automatically switched into the measurement path This article will focus on the application of electronic calibration for TDR TDT A traditional signal integrity tool for characterizing electrical transmission lines is the time domain reflectometer or TDR This is an instrument which launches a voltage step and measures the reflected signal or transmitted signal The reflected signal provides information such as impedance vs distance the location of discontinuities and the round trip propagation time The transmitted step measured at the end of a device yields the step response the one way propagation time and also skew between channels This is known as a time domain transmission or TDT measurement The time domain results can be converted into the frequency domain to provide the S Parameters return loss or insertion loss of a device S Parameters from a TDR TDT based measurement correlate well with measurements performed by a vector network analyzer VNA which is the gold standard for S parameter measurements although there are measurement trade offs between the two instruments An important consideration for both TDR and VNA measurements is the user calibration which removes systematic instrument errors and corrects for cable fixture adapter loss and reflections A traditional approach to perform a user calibrati
41. e for G of 6 673 84 80 x 10 m kg s compared to its previous result from 2006 of 6 674 28 67 x 10 m s The values in parentheses indicate standard uncertainty based on standard deviation in this case plus or minus 0 000 80 x 10 n s and plus or minus 0 000 67 x 10 m kg s respectively Inthis experiment researchers pushed two clouds of cold rubidium atoms into a vacuum chamber with laser light The atoms accelerated differently depending on the placement of high density masses tungsten weights totaling about 500 kg arranged in various configurations Differences in acceleration due to the atoms gravitational attraction to the tungsten masses could be picked up in the clouds interference pattern G Rosi F Sorrentino L Cacciapuoti M Prevedelli and G M Tino Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms Nature Vol 510 518 521 June 26 2014 DOL10 1038 nature13433 Source NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory Quantum Measurement Division http www nist gov pml div684 102714 bigg cfm Nov Dec 2014 Measurement amp Control The new workhorse for pressure calibration For three decades the Druck DPI 600 Series has been the benchmark for performance accuracy and durability The DPI 611 builds upon the industry standard Druck DPI 610 and DPI 615 When the pressure s on there s a smarter way to work Imagination at work ww
42. ec 2014 eri CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY CALIBRATING A UUT A REMOTE ComPuTER USING FLUKE MET CAL MICHAEL L SCHWARTZ 3 007 MATH Range 4 3 008 MATH Offset 0 3 016 MATH AVG 8 Horizontal Settings 3 009 MATH SampleRate 10e6 3 010 MATH Position 50 3 011 Points 100e3 Trigger Settings 3 012 MATH TChannel 21 3 013 MATH Slope POS 3 014 MATH TCoup l DC 3 015 MATH Level 0 00125 With each test group we would set the Test Channel 3 002 MATH Channel Test Channel And every point we set the required variables and execute the test 10 005 MATH Volts 0 09 1 10 006 MATH Range 0 2 1 10 007 VSET UUT_Res 001 10 008 IF Find S 23 EnableRepeatability 1 gt 0 10 009 VSET 0 10 010 ENDIF 10 011 CALL NI 51xx Sub Test Routines Conf 10 012 MATH L 9 Fld S 31 2 Unc 1 10 013 ACC 0 000 _ L9U 10 014 IF 1 10 015 TARGET m 10 016 CALL NI 51xx Sub Test Routines Meas 10 017 ENDIF 10 018 MATH MEM Fld S 31 2 Value 1 10 019 MEMCX 0 2 _ 0 65U The test routines would configure the UUT using the following Sub Tools Calls Set up the Channel 3 023 MATH S 30 ConfChanChar 3 024 CALL NI 51xx Sub Tools 3 025 MATH S 30 ConfVert 3 026 CALL NI 51xx Sub Tools The Sub Tools then passes the commands to the UUT as follows po a 7 001 LABEL ConfChanChar 7 002 MATH MEM2 ConfigureChanChar
43. ed combination enabling users to display results in a clear and straightforward manner even for complex measurements With the R amp S ZND vector network analyzer Rohde amp Schwarz is expanding its Value Instruments portfolio of attractively priced high quality T amp M equipment The instrument is now available from Rohde amp Schwarz Nov Dec 2014 IEST Recommended Practice and ISO 14644 Standards As the weather turns cold in the Midwest experts within the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology IEST are just starting to get warmed up with the recent release of a new Recommended Practice and three ISO 14644 Standards aimed at improving day to day operations for contamination control professionals Years of review revision and debate among industry experts led to the release of e SO DIS 14644 1 2 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part 1 Classification of air cleanliness by particle concentration Replacing the Draft International Standard of 2010 this standard specifies requirements for testing and monitoring of a cleanroom or clean zone The document provides the test method to determine the concentration of airborne particles at each test location The new draft differs from the old version in the method of determining the number of sample locations that must be tested to comply with the standard This new method is based on a statistical sampling approach and i
44. ere the force is applied makes a difference in accuracy Use a Smooth Force Accurate calibration of torque tools requires applying a smooth gradually increasing continuous force just until the set point is reached Inconsistent application of force will result in inconsistent inaccurate readings Apply a smooth gradually increasing force to the torque tool until the break over point is reached Apply force at the right speed If force is applied too rapidly the torque tool will bottom out and produce inaccurate high readings If it is applied too slowly inherent friction in the torque tool will also produce an incorrect reading Errors caused by inherent friction increase with lower torque set points Don t anticipate the break over A common error among metrology technicians is to unconsciously slow down application of force as they anticipate the set point break CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY Figure 5 Horizontal orientation over This causes reduced inaccurate readings Do not anticipate the break over Maintain smooth continuous force until after the set point break over Apply force to the first peak The set point is reached at the first peak which occurs during the impulse at break over Immediately after the first peak reduce applied force Beware of the second peak Following the first peak at the set point break over as the tool bottoms out a second smaller peak will occur With proper
45. erformance pulse width modulation PWM switching technology to provide advanced performance solutions for AC power test applications Additional details about the RS EXTD can be found on the AMETEK Programmable Power web site including anEXTD technical note and user s manual About AMETEK Programmable Power For more information on any of the AMETEK s programmable power supplies and programmable loads contact AMETEK Programmable Power Sales toll free at 800 733 5427 or 858 458 0223 or by email at sales ppd ametek com Users also can contact an authorized AMETEK Programmable Power sales representative who can be located by visiting programmablepower com contact Keysight Technologies UXA Signal Analyzer Keysight Technologies Inc announced the new flagship of its X Series the N9040B UXA signal analyzer The UXA delivers industry leading phase noise performance as well as 510 MHz analysis and real time bandwidths Combining these three capabilities with a large display and touch driven interface the UXA provides wider deeper views of elusive wideband signals known or unknown In the development of mission critical radar electronic warfare and communication systems leading edge signal analysis requires excellent phase noise performance Keysight s proprietary local oscillator LO technology achieves phase noise of 136 dBc Hz at 1 GHz 10 KHz offset and 132 dBc Hz at 10 GHz 100 KHz offset The maximum anal
46. eveloped at UME The block diagram of this radiometer is given in Fig 1 6 There are five channels at 50 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 300 MHz 400 MHz and 500 MHz frequency points and 500 MHz 1 GHz 1 GHz 2 GHz 2 GHz 4 GHz 4 GHz 8 GHz 8 GHz 12 GHz 12 GHz 18 GHz and 18 GHz 26 5 GHz frequency bands in the radiometer According to the measurement frequency a channel is selected Switches 51 52 and 53 or 51 52 and 54 are positioned to apply output of the noise source to the selected channel input The noise signal coming to the channel input compatible with a selected frequency is applied to the amplifier after passing through the isolators and then is applied to mixer Positioning switch S7 local oscillator LO output is applied to the input of the mixer compatible with the frequency The noise signal down converted to an IF at the output of the mixer passes through the amplifiers and filter after being selected by switch S8 After being filtered the signal is read on the power meter In the case of change of the frequency band the load impedance of the newly selected channel alters from open circuit to characteristic impedance On the contrary impedances of the previous channel used alter from characteristic impedance to open circuit However the design of a LNA is made by the criteria that necessitates the input impedance Z and the output impedance Z being equal to complex conjugate of source impedance Z and load im
47. f the software if there is no revision in its version With the increase in complexity of DUT customers in the global instrumentation software market Simultaneous read back and fast RTD simulation AMETEK TEST amp CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTS For more information go to jofra com amp crystalengineering net are in a constant search for simple and easy to use solutions noted Bommakanti Identifying this need market participants are striving to ensure that their software offer high ease of use to their customers If you are interested in more information on this study please send an email to Julia Nikishkina Corporate Communications julia nikishkina frost com with your full name company name job title telephone number company email address company website city state and country It s All About Software Analysis of the Market for Global Instrumentation Software and Software Solutions for General Purpose Test Instrument is part of the Test amp Measurement http www testandmeasurement frost com Growth Partnership Service program Introducing the NewASC 400 Advanced SIMPL YG New large full color display with easy to use interface Input and output RTD TC Current Voltage Frequency Pulse amp Resistance Combine with APM to calibrate pressure and with JOFRA dry blocks to calibrate temperature 17 CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY
48. g and revising Recommended Practices For more information visit the ISO 14644 or Recent Publications pages at www iest org Isotech ISOCAL 6 Calibrators Isotech is pleased to announce a new range of portable calibrators for the calibration of RTDs Thermocouples Thermostats Thermistors and Process Inputs The range spans 45 to 1200 C with models that can be used as Dry Blocks and Stirred Liquid Baths There are options to calibrate infrared thermometers surface sensors and even to operate ITS 90 Fixed Point Cells We have been providing calibration solutions for more than 30 years from Primary Standards for National Metrology Institutes through to handheld calibrators for service engineers These new advanced models add extra features bringing benefits of greater performance more input channels advanced logging and remote monitoring with a bright full color display Data can be logged to a USB Memory Drive or internal memory and opened directly in Microsoft ExcelTM There is also an option to save data in a secure tamper proof format with support software to manage the data Automatic temperature cycling saves time and money with the calibrator automatically logging data over a series of calibration points http www isotechna com 43 CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY AUTOMATION CORNER The Cons of Automation You will usually hear me talking about all the great things that automation brin
49. gs And for the most part automation is good But it is not without its drawbacks and so with this article I would like to highlight some of the downsides to automation I hope as automation evolves we can find some balance between the good things that automation brings vs the side effects of dependence I started thinking about the side effects of automation the other day when I was making a cup of coffee of at the dentist s office I was using one of those pod based coffee makers that have become ubiquitous I didn t understand 10076 why they were so popular at first until I began to see how convenient and easy they make everything from coffee to hot chocolate with no mess and no measurement during the process We have automated the measurement process out of making something so simple as a cup of tea or coffee This got me to thinking about measurements and automation in general As an automation engineer am I doing harm to the measurement community as a whole Will the technicians of the future forget how to make even the simplest of measurements Will the work of metrology be compressed to the auto set features on a piece of test equipment I remember this was a very important issue for my grandmother back whenI purchased my first digital watch She was so concerned kids would never learn to tell time Same thing with my mom when the school said I had to have a calculator for my high school science classes I k
50. hannel Coupling Attenuation Range Offset ConfigureHorizontalTiming SampleRate Position Points ConfigureEdge Trigger Channel Slope Coupling Level Configurelmmediate Trigger Commit Measure Channel NumberOfAverages Measurement Table 1 will read the strings content and call correct functions for the instrument Keeping things simple and streamlining the parsing process we used a command followed by name value pair format Command lt Name gt lt Value gt lt Name gt lt Value gt Example ConfigureVertical Channel 1 Coupling DC Attenuation 0 Range 10 Offset 0 For the project we used the above commands Table 1 mapping them to function calls Creating the Command Processor Next we created a wrapper application in VB NET This allowed us to create an instance of a NI Scope and control it using text based commands over TCP IP Now we can control this scope from any computer on our local network CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY Function Call niScope_ init niScope_ConfigureChanCharacteristics niScope_ConfigureVertical niScope_ConfigureHorizontalTiming niScope_ConfigureTrigger niScope lnitiate niScope Commit niScope Fetch Note While I was testing the code I could even control the NI Scope using commands in my web browser Sample Code Public Overrides Function Command ByVal CMD As String As String If UCase
51. he most accurate measurements by CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 2 removing systematic instrument errors and correcting for fixturing losses and reflections Traditional TDR calibration using mechanical standards becomes tedious and time consuming as the device port count increases new approach using Nov 2014 E Sampling Head Connection Discanne cEgn Load Conpecbony Disc omnes Dro 4 12 1b Number of TOR Sampling Heads i 5 E gt 3 z ACCELERATE TDR MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRONIC CALIBRATION Figure 12 Connections Disconnections required for a 16 port device based on number of TDR sampling heads an electronic calibration module or E Cal significantly reduces the number of connections which reduces the overall time required to measure a modern multilane device References 1 Time Domain Reflectometry The ory http cp literature agilent com litweb pdf 5966 A4855E pdf 2 Limitations and Accuracies of Time and Frequency Domain Analysis of Physical Layer De vices http cp literature agilent com litweb pdf 5989 2421EN pdf 3 Improving TDR TDT using Calibration 1304 5 http cp literature agilent com litweb pdf 5988 2490EN pdf 4 High Precision TDR 1304 7 http cp literature agilent com litweb pdf 5988 9826EN pdf 5 Agilent Electronic Calibration Modules http cp literature agile nt com litweb pdf 5963 3743E p
52. he other in vacuum beam of low power red 633 nm laser light is locked to each channel meaning it forms a standing wave that self synchronizes through constant adjustments to its wavelength Some of the light from each channel is allowed to exit the FLOC where the beams combine to form an interference pattern A change in pressure does not affect the light in the vacuum tube because there is no medium to be affected But it does affect the density of the nitrogen which in turn alters the gas s index of refraction or how fast light travels through it And this change in light speed affects the wavelength of the light resonating in the nitrogen Pressure Calibration Made Simple filled channel Though these alterations in wavelength are minute on the picometer level a hundred times smaller than an atom they can be detected in the interference pattern So far the technique is accurate to within 0 005 or 50 parts per million ppm which makes it superior to most commercial pressure instruments But this is only a first attempt and Hendricks and his colleagues believe they can do better In the next three years the team will try to drive this accuracy below the 5 ppm range which will allow it to surpass that of the current manometer standard Hendricks and Strouse see great potential for making the system smaller too perhaps as small as a smartphone someday while further increasing its speed and resolution There are tr
53. hind a protective NIST s new calibration service for high power lasers is controlled from behind a protective barrier using a multi camera system for monitoring and control Laser light is absorbed by a conventional calorimeter surrounded and cooled by flowing water Staff measure the temperature difference between the incoming and outgoing water and use that value to calculate the laser power In addition to calibrations NIST plans to use the new facility for research on the fundamental physical processes that occur during laser welding which is often less expensive and hazardous than comparable conventional welding techniques The study could help overcome technical challenges such as welding of materials that are dissimilar or have different thickness potentially boosting the use of this technology and saving money for U S manufacturers The ability to join dissimilar materials with greatly different properties would help overcome longstanding design and cost hurdles associated with welding NIST is developing faster and more portable laser power meters for use with kilowatt lasers which may eventually be used as transfer standards for the new service project leader Paul Williams says These innovations could enable NIST calibrated measurements of high power lasers to be performed in commercial labs or national metrology labs in other countries For technical descriptions of NIST laser calibration services and staff con
54. icks we haven t even begun to tap into yet Hendricks says Jennifer Lauren Lee A collaboration between the PML Thermodynamic Metrology and Dimensional Metrology groups Source NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory Sensor Science Division http www nist gov pml div685 grp01 102814 pressuresensor cfm Additel s Automated Pressure Calibrator Series generates and controls pressures from 0 002 inH O to 600 psi in a completely portable package without the need of a gas supply or A C power allowing you to do more with less This is how it works Built in Electric Pump eliminates the need for a gas supply or hand purnp Dual sensors with an accuracy of 0 0254 F5 provide accurate pressure measurement throughout the full range of the unit without the need for multiple reference gauges Built in documenting process calibrator and HART communication Weights only 16 3 lbs and contains a rechargeable battery with 8 hours of battery life removing the need for a calibration cart and AC power source To learn more about the ADT761 please visit www additcl com Email saleseradditel com PH 1 714 998 6899 Nov Dec 2014 11 CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY How can you be certain A Quality Calibration Certificate is not derived from a piece of paper 100 of out of tolerance readings are double checked 1 l n data points tested and 100 of our calibration stored last yea
55. is reached comparing the TDT waveform to the FEXT waveform The time domain results can also be displayed in the frequency domain as S parameters Useful insight into the device performance can also be extracted from the S parameter results The return loss and insertion loss SDD11 and 50021 for the cable is shown in Figure 11 Also shown for comparison are the S Parameters measured by a Vector Network Analyzer close agreement between the two measurement instruments is shown In practice the minimum number of sampling heads required to perform a differential TDR measurement is 2 while a differential TDR TDT measurement requires 4 sampling heads There is a measurement time trade off between the number of TDR heads available to measure a given number of device ports This is demonstrated in Figure 12 which shows the number of connections and disconnections required to fully characterize a 16 port device based on TDR head count Regardless of the number of TDR sampling heads each of the unused ports should be terminated with a 50 Ohm load Additional TDR sampling heads helps reduce test time when characterizing multilane devices and Electronic calibration or E Cal is the most Tree TT a TT E Un LE IL 293 Lu Figure 11 Insertion Loss SDD21 and Return Loss SDD11 measured using TDR and VNA efficient method to calibrate multiple TDR sampling heads Conclusion TDR calibration ensures t
56. is a new static dissipative industrial grade two layer elastomer designed for use on tables and other grounded work bench surfaces Its electrical properties are volume dissipative unlike many of the surface dissipative properties of the competition This material was developed to conform to the new Class Zero and RoHS requirements e Lifetime electrical warranty Chemical and temperature resistant e No odor low VOC e Static dissipative Lays flat no curl e 2 0mm 080 thick e ROHS ISO CE and NIST compliant e Industrial grade cross linked rubber e Available in light blue dark blue gray black green and white e 24 30 36 and 48 wide 40 long Ultimat is a chemically cross linked material with different electrical resistances on both surfaces Because it is inherently cross linked the material will not delaminate and is volume conductive The layers are permanently dissipative with space age dissipative polymers which will not lose its electrical properties not exudate and more important will not outgas and contaminate in clean room environments The material is as durable as rigid laminates and as comfortable and appealing as the softer rubber mats Works well with constant monitors specifically the CM 1701 Because of its structure the material meets both the EOS 20 20 and European IEC 613450 5 1 specifications and therefore has outstanding charge dissipation rapid charge decay
57. l Exercising a torque tool lubricates and warms its mechanical components to simulate active use Immediately prior to a calibration set the torque tool to 100 of its marked range and exercise it in the direction to be calibrated a minimum of five repetitions This may be done using a test fixture or the calibrator provided its maximum range is not exceeded Then reduce the set point to marked minimum in preparation for the calibration STEP 4 Set the Calibrator to First Peak Mode If the calibrator has a First Peak mode use it This mode captures the first peak in torque during the break over at the set point and disregards a second smaller peak which may occur afterward If First Peak mode is not available set the calibrator for Peak mode With use of good technique the second peak should be smaller and won t be recognized by the calibrator STEP 5 Position the Torque Tool in the Calibrator Calibrator transducers are designed to be oriented either vertically for the torque tool to rotate vertically Fig 4 or horizontally for the torque tool to be rotated laterally Fig 5 Insert the torque tool either directly into the fitting on the transducer or using a properly sized snug fitting adapter When using a vertically oriented transducer position the torque tool parallel with the floor and at a right angle to the transducer Fig 3 and oriented to be pushed straight down for the desired clockwise o
58. lacing the instrument in a known state The Reset function would call all the low level peaks and pokes to set up the hardware Creating a Command Set Most instruments are controlled using a command based language but we are seeing more and more of the newer software based instruments Command Base Driver Function Calls Low Level Instrument Control do not support a command based language Instead they expose function calls that are accessed directly from our software This direct exposure to the function calls allows for faster execution and better performance but then creates issues for the calibration lab because much of our software has been built for command based instruments To communicate with a software based instrument using a message based command language requires a command processer Writing a command process that will convert the simple text based commands to function calls can be a very simple process First you have to define the command language then write a string parser to process each command One simple solution is to create a giant case select that acts each command As the command processer receives each command it 35 CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY CALIBRATING A UUT A REMOTE COMPUTER USING FLUKE MET CAL MICHAEL L SCHWARTZ Command IDN Reset SelfCal SelfTest ConfigureChanCharacteristics Channel Impedance Bandwidth ConfigureVertical C
59. le range of the measurements Conclusions A wide band radiometer for microwave noise measurement has been designed established and automated to operate between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz In order to utilize the radiometer in wide band frequencies LNAs outputs are terminated with match load when they are not in use Using two noise sources radiometer was tested and the results obtained for an unknown are in good agreement with the actual ENR values of the unknown noise source Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank 5 Yaran Hay rl O Tuncel and H Sakarya for useful technical assistance References 1 F T Ulaby R K Moore A K Fung Microwave Re mote Sensing Active and Passive Volume 1 Micro wave Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Radiom etry Norwood Artech House pp 344 418 1981 2 P I Somlo D L Hollyway The Australian national standards laboratory X band radiometer for the cali bration of noise sources IEEE Transactions on Mi crowave and Techniques Vol MTT 16 pp 664 666 1968 C Eio D Adamson J Randa D Allal and R Uzdin Noise in 50 W Coaxial Line et frequencies up to 1 GHz Metrologia Vol 43 Tech supply 01004 2006 C K S Miller W C Daywitt and M G Arthur Noise standards measurements and receiver noise definitions Proceedings of the IEEE Vol 55 pp 865 877 1967 D F Wait G J Counas W Kessel and F I Buch holz PTB NIST
60. list ISO IEC 17025 Accreditation Courses WorkPlace Training tel 612 308 2202 info wptraining com http www wptraining com Measurement Uncertainty Self Paced Online Training Fluke Training http us flukecal com training courses Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Online Training The QC Group http www qcgroup com online Metrology Concepts OUAMETEC Institute of Measurement Technology http www QIMTonline com Metrology Concepts OnDemand Complete Internet Course Technology Training Inc http pubs ttiedu com q course_ list Precision Measurement Series Level 1 amp 2 WorkPlace Training http www wptraining com Precision Electrical Measurement Self Paced Online Training Fluke Training http us flukecal com training courses Vibration and Shock Testing Equipment Reliability Institute http www equipment reliability com distance learning html The Uncertainty Analysis Program Learning Measure http www learningmeasure com MULTIPLE CURRENT SHUNT UNIQUE TEMPERATURE STABILIZED DESIGN HIGHEST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ACCURACY WIDE RANGE 100 MA TO 300 Low INDUCTANCE FOR DC OR AC USE Low TCR STABLE OVER TIME LOWER COST THAN FIVE SEPARATE SHUNTS INCLUDES ACCREDITED CALIBRATION ACCURACY lt 0 005 lt 0 005 lt 0 005 lt 0 01 lt 0 05 TR TET Eu n LEA SEE WWW OHM LABS COM FOR SPECS amp SAMPLE CAL REPORT LABS 6
61. lity Adding a simple command processer to our software based instruments allows us to control them remotely In the end as a company we have de siloed our software opening up a world of possibilities Michael Schwartz CEO and Automation Engineering Director of Cal Lab Solutions Inc in Aurora Colorado US 303 317 6670 mschwartz callabsolutions com This paper was previously presented at the Measurement Science Conference MSC in Long Beach March 14 2014 http www msc conf com Oct Nov Dec 2014 Vision Systems m MES A Design News Event Anaheim Convention Center Anaheim CA Quality Expo has the solutions you need today and the inspiration for tomorrow Whether you need an answer for an existing challenge or are looking for ideas to jump start your thought process for the future Quality Expo is where you need to be With knowledgeable suppliers educational and networking opportunities AND something no other quality expo has access to seven other related manufacturing events and features you ll find ideas and inspiration around every corner QualityExpo com Expo For a free expo badge use source code TC when you register Share with your colleagues Co located with M AIX eee PACK a WEST PACIFIC f a PLASTEC Ele gics AERQCON PLASTICSTODAY EVENT NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES NIST High Power Laser
62. llion in 2018 The functionality of instrumentation software has evolved throughout the last decade with many software developers employing powerful formulas advanced rendering and intuitive user interfaces The close integration of electronic test equipment and software is resulting in improved efficiency of the overall system said Frost amp Sullivan Measurement amp Instrumentation Industry Analyst Prathima Bommakanti The faster changeover enhanced accuracy and higher placement rates will all help deliver greater production yields to customers Investments in R amp D will give a significant boost to the participants at a time when market maturity and the economic downturn are limiting the sales of associated software However superior customer awareness and Oct Nov Dec 2014 competitive prices are generating interest in add on and turnkey software Another important trend in the test instrumentation software market is the increasing heterogeneity in product application mix at customer locations Due to the resulting need for several types of software products customers tend to gravitate towards single source suppliers that can provide the packages services by themselves or through partnerships End users preference for a one stop shop drives equipment vendors to provide the equipment in a manner that eliminates the need to procure software individually They also tend to offer free updates o
63. loop HIL test systems Hardware In the Loop HIL is a technique used in the development and test of complete real time embedded systems Using HIL techniques allows simulation of real time feedback and control of such complex systems HIL applications require electrical interface to act as the interface to embedded systems and the equipment under test HIL is commonly used to prototype systems for power grids power electronics and hybrid electric drives The most recent trend is modeling dispersed energy products such as a PV inverter and their effects to the utility grid The RS Series features advanced digital signal processing DSP control technology to the power amplifiers within the source The source features traditional remote control methods such as GPIB or LAN that inherently introduces control delays in the hundreds of milliseconds which do not simulate real time control The introduction of EXTD allows real time control via analog signal so delays are typically reduced to 100 microseconds figure 1 which is 1 000 times faster than the delay time of controlling the output via GPIB or LAN ports EXTD essentially allows the RS to be used as a high bandwidth amplifier while the internal DSP continues to monitor the Nov 2014 RS Seres output in order to ensure safe operation Available with outputs ranging from 90 kVA to 1MVA the RS is the latest series of products to use AMETEK s high p
64. lso set and sealed to a fixed calibrated torque value This article will focus on Type II torque tools as techniques for their calibrations are the most problematic the main challenge being proper technique for accurately measuring the break over set point However this article may also be useful in calibrations of Type I torque tools as many of those techniques are common Preparation for the Calibration Torque tools are either Clockwise only Counter Clockwise only or usable in both directions This is a small but important detail which must be observed prior to beginning the calibration Assure that the torque calibrator has been warmed up for its prescribed time and in all steps take care that the range of the torque tool being calibrated and applied torque never exceeds the range of the calibrator Oct Nov Dec 2014 METROLOGY 101 The Calibration Process Accurate calibration of torque tools is about technique Understanding this and consistently applying good technique will go a long way in performing accurate torque calibrations Following is an enhanced generic procedure for Type II torque tool calibrations including techniques to assure accurate results STEP 1 Relax the Spring When an adjustable torque tool is received adjust to its minimum marked set point normally about 20 of range to relax its internal spring for at least 8 hours prior to the calibration Do not try to adjust below i
65. lus or minus 0 1 degrees at 1200 degrees Celsius with a radial uniformity of plus or minus 0 25 degrees at 1200 degrees Celsius and axial uniformity of plus or minus 0 2 degrees at 1200 degrees Celsius The wide temperature range of the calibration furnace enables labs to meet standards like AMS2750 and EURAMET cg 8 that require thermocouples be calibrated over the full temperature range in which they are used The 9118A manages its heater power to prevent heater elements from overheating improving the reliability of the furnace and extending its lifetime Its non metallic block minimizes thermocouple contamination and eliminates the need to protect the thermocouples under test with costly ceramic sleeving reducing the cost of ownership Tolearn more about the Fluke Calibration 9118A Thermocouple Calibration Furnace visit http www flukecal com 9118A Nov Dec 2014 NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES 43 HIL System California Instruments RS Series External Drive Option AMETEK Programmable Power the global leader in programmable AC and DC power test solutions www programmablepower com has released the External Drive EXTD option for its California Instruments RS Series of high power regenerative programmable AC sources The External Drive option gives users a simple low cost way to directly control the output of an RS Series power source in real time enabling them to be more easily used in hardware in the
66. m Murat Celep T BITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstit t s In the wide band radiometer it is necessary to use more than one low noise amplifier LNA because of their narrow band characteristic The change in the gain of the LNAs with different frequency ranges was kept at minimum value by continuously terminating the LNAs ports with a load whose impedance is equal to impedance of match load Thus in order to perform the noise measurements of solid state microwave noise sources between 50 MHz and 26 5 GHz frequency range at a time a wide band radiometer was established The calculated ENR uncertainties for measurements done by the radiometer are lower than 0 34 dB 2 I Introduction The radiometers used in microwave noise measurements are composed of four major parts that are the switching section RF section IF section and detector section 1 The switching section is used for selection of noise source to be connected to the radiometer input whereas the RF and IF sections are used to amplify the microwave noise applied to the radiometer input and to filter and amplify the noise signal with high frequency by down converting it to a lower frequency respectively The detector section on the other hand is used to measure the amplitude of noise signal down converted to intermediate frequencies IF Although the switching section IF section and detector section can readily be established for measuring wide band noise signal it is not
67. m M umen E zr Bl i E all THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Or PME 1H KOC ff n Fa METROLOGY 101 Basic To M a calib SN Wide Band Micr Wave Noise Measureme nt Syste P SET TOR Messureme D with 2014 OCTOBER E NOVEMBER Cal DECEMBER iig ting a oe ona Remote 1 nis Electric Current Measurement DANIfENSE 300 to 3000A high accuracy for Power Analyzers and improved performance for Power Amplifiers e Very high absolute amplitude and phase accuracy from dc to over 1kHz Low signal output noise e Low fluxgate switching noise on the pimary e Enhanced electrostatic shielding to increase rejection of primary dV dt coupling e Increased operating temperature range e Reduced mechanical dimensions Options Voltage Output Signal Calibration Winding e Amplitude and Phase measurement to 300kHz included with each head DS200 DS600 DS2000 Primary Current rms 200A 600A 2000A Primary Current Peak 300A 900A 3000A Turns Ratio 500 1 1500 1 1500 1 Output Signal rms Peak 0 4 0 6 0 4A 0 6At 1 33A 2At Overall Accuracy 0 01 0 01 0 01 Offset lt 20ppm lt 10ppm lt 10ppm Linearity lt 1 lt 1 lt 1 Pe Operating Temperature 40 to 85 C 40 to 85 C 40 to 85 C DS2000 Aperature Diameter 27 6mm 27 6mm 68mm Bandwidth Bands for DS600 DS2000 Gain and Phase Error bkHz 100kHz lt 1MHz 2kHz 10kHz 100k
68. mount of friction and subsequent torque is a coefficient of the materials used if a lubricant is applied between the lug nut and wheel the friction and torque would be reduced So with the same amount of applied force torque due to the reduced friction the lug nut would be over tightened and in some cases bolts might even be snapped This example underscores the complex nature of torque It really isn t simple and in calibrating torque tools it is important to understand and account for its many variables Calibrating torque tools would seem simple But many metrology professionals agree that among thousands of calibration disciplines torque may be the most susceptible of them all to technique So understanding and using some basic techniques in the calibration process may make the difference whether the torque tool is accurately calibrated There are two types of torque tools Type I indicating and Type II impulse feel click or setting type Type I torque tools are equipped with a gage or indicator displaying the torque applied Type II torque tools are set to break over or create an impulse click when a set point is reached The most widely used among the many varieties of Type II torque tools is the torque wrench similar in appearance to a ratchet type socket wrench and commonly adjustable to a range of set points in ft lb foot pounds force or Nm Newton Meters the International Standard unit although many are a
69. mputer program that did the work for them Looking at the Army s ICE Integrated Calibration Environment I see huge value in their paradigm towards automation Being the first branch of the US Military to embrace automation they had a unique problem Automation was new to everyone so many things went wrong Even though most of them were related to user errors it was the same issue as if the automation didn t function properly work got backed up and the Army could not complete their mission So the US Army did something very unique They created written calibration procedures then automated them to their manual calibration document This allowed the technician in the field to either test the device manually or automated But more important it allowed a non commissioned officer to say do it manually so that you know how to do this test Metrology as a whole can never be compressed into a pure production mentality We need to build skills in our junior technicians so that they can become senior technicians and someday metrology engineers We can t rely 10076 on automation We need quality training programs that co exist right alongside of our press this button and go automation Nov 2014 6 e uem oy Measurement Science Conference A Boen Y V The best training in TESTING CALIBRATION amp LM PRECISION in the measurement science fields ge 255 MARCH 18 19 and 20 20
70. no charge suppression and outstanding low tribogeneration properties The material will withstand solvents soldering iron deformation not curl and have excellent abrasion resistance The embossed surface will reduce light glare increase part slip resistance and facilitate cleaning Since the material is free from halogens lead arsenic barium heavy metals and other dangerous volatiles it may be used in environments where outgassing and contamination is of concern Please call Static Solutions to find out more about our variety of table mats we are willing to send small samples of them as well Static Solutions is a USA global manufacturer of ESD and clean room products for over 30 years The company sells a full complete line of leading edge ESD products in all three continents through distribution and sales representatives throughout the America Europe and Asia http staticsolutions com CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 42 Fluke Calibration 6003A Fluke Calibration introduces the 6003A Three Phase Electrical Power Source a cost effective instrument that provides the superior accuracy and performance of three independent phases in one compact device The 6003A is accurate enough for calibration laboratories with specifications of plus or minus 0 038 percent for power and plus or minus 0 01 degree for phase Its compact form factor also makes it easy to transport and maintain in organizations tha
71. now generations before me learned science using slide rules But what skills have Michael Schwartz Publisher I never learned because I had a digital watch and a calculator If you think about it there are a lot skills you learn reading a clock You have to know AM amp PM and how to convert those values to a 24 hour clock It is a simple skill but once mastered you can add 12 to any number Then the little hand helps you master your times 5 tables as well as fractions because 15 minutes into a 60 minutes is a quarter hour And if you think about it from a higher math level you learned both base 12 and base 60 and so on creating new neural pathways in your brain Now from a quality perspective metrology amp automation is how you are able to get the same hamburger at every McDonald s location But from an education and culinary perspective many of their people can t cook outside of their automated system So where is the line in the sand How will we know when we have moved too far towards the automated CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 44 site or quality Where is that point of no return I would like to see more of a mixture of automation and training I didn t always think this way But over the years I have learned when automation breaks the system needs to have a few people who really know what is going on The problem is those people grew up without digital watches calculators and a co
72. ogy to Accelerate TDR Measurements with Electronic Calibration Finally our publisher and software engineer extraordinaire included his paper Calibrating a UUT on a Remote Computer Using Fluke MET CAL previously presented at this year s Measurement Science Conference MSC in Anaheim California Happy Measuring Sita Schwartz Editor 3 CaL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY CALENDAR SEMINARS Online amp Independent Study ASQ CCT Certified Calibration Technician Exam Preparation Program Learning Measure http www learningmeasure com AC DC Metrology Self Paced Online Training Fluke Training http us flukecal com training courses Basic Measurement Concepts Program Learning Measure http www learningmeasure com Basic Measuring Tools Self Directed Learning The OC Group http www qcgroup com sdl Basic RF and Microwave Program Learning Measure http www learningmeasure com Certified Calibration Technician Self study Course J amp G Technology http www jg technology com selfstudy html Introduction to Measurement and Calibration Online Training The QC Group http www qcgroup com online Introduction to Measurement and Calibration Self Paced Online Classes Fluke Calibration http www flukecal com training Instrumentation for Test and Measurement OnDemand Complete Internet Course Technology Training Inc http pubs ttiedu com q course
73. om for upcoming and future events SEMINARS Volume Feb 12 2015 Minimizing Sources of Error in Pipetting Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Solutions In Calibration AC DC Voltage to 1025V Wide Band AC Voltage AC DC Current to 30 254 Wire Resistance Capacitance to 10mF Inductance to 10H Frequency to 10M fe RTD PRT AC DC Power Oscilloscope AY oftware Tags gaada 7913191315 i n ADVANCED MULTIFUNCTION CALIBRATOR www lIransmilleCalibration com 9 Car Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY INDUSIRY AND RESEARCH NEWS World s First Photonic Pressure Sensor Outshines Traditional Mercury Standard October 29 2014 For almost 400 years mercury gauges have prevailed as the most accurate way to measure pressure Now within weeks of seeing first light a novel pressure sensing device has surpassed the performance of the best mercury based techniques in resolution speed and range at a fraction of the size The new instrument called a fixed length optical cavity FLOC works by detecting subtle changes in the wavelength of light passing through a cavity filled with nitrogen gas The FLOC system is poised to depose traditional mercury pressure sensors also called manometers as the standard used to calibrate commercial equipment says the interdisciplinary team of NIST researchers who devel
74. on is measuring the electrical characteristics of a mechanical standard such as a short open or a load The measurement location of a standard defines the reference plane where the device under test is connected Comparing the measured response at a reference plane to the known electrical characteristics for each of the standards corrects for the unknown response of fixtures and cables This isolates the measurement to the device providing a more accurate result For a 2 port single ended device such as a coaxial cable the calibration procedure using mechanical standards is straight forward However modern communication standards require 4 to 10 lanes to achieve ultra high speed links As the device Figure 1 Electronic Calibration E Cal Module CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 28 port count increases manually performing the calibration using mechanical standards quickly becomes unmanageable Electronic calibration or E Cal is a solution to this problem E Cal takes advantage of single connection to a module which contains various impedance states that can be automatically switched into the measurement path A typical electronic calibration module is shown in Figure 1 This article will focus on the application of electronic calibration for TDR TDT measurements to make high channel count measurements faster and much easier Importance of TDR TDT Calibration It is possible and often practical
75. only third party solution capable of completely testing the Agilent E Series power sensors v Easy to Use M Attractive Reports M Customizable M Uploads EPROM Data M Template Based M Batch Mode Operation State of the Art Threaded Application CEN ONE FE IM UNO IRL RAE Fusing Software With Metrology www CalLabSolutions com Accelerate TDR Measurements with Electronic Calibration John Dorighi and Rob Sleigh Keysight Technologies Inc formerly Agilent Technologies electronic measurement business An important consideration for improving the accuracy of time domain reflectometer TDR measurements is user calibration A TDR user calibration is performed to correct for systematic instrument errors along with removing losses and reflections from cables fixtures and adapters The measured system response is compared to the known response of a standard to determine the appropriate correction Calibration ensures the most accurate measurements of a device under test DUT Traditionally TDR calibration is performed by connecting a mechanical short and load at the measurement reference plane Calibration using mechanical standards can be time consuming and error prone as channel count increases Electronic calibration or E Cal is a solution to this problem Electronic calibration was pioneered for Vector Network Analyzers VNA and has been in use for more than a decade to make calibration faster and simpler E Cal takes a
76. opagation 99 Accepted for publication 10 1109 TAP 2014 2360208 See 2014 NIST Tech Beat article NIST Technique Could Make Sub wavelength Images at Radio Frequencies HAVE A LOW FALSE REJEET RISK HOLTB AY CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 16 Oct Nov Dec 2014 INDUSIRY AND RESEARCH NEWS at www nist gov pml electromagnetics subwave 061714 cfm Gordon C L Holloway A Schwarzkopf D A Anderson 5 Miller N Thaicharoen and Raithel Millimeter wave detection via Autler Townes splitting in rubidium Rydberg atoms Applied Physics Letters 2014 Vol 105 Issue 2 DOI 10 1063 1 4890094 Source Tech Beat October 7 2014 http www nist gov public_affairs tech beat tb20141007 cfm Frost amp Sullivan Functionality in Test Instrumentation Software With the rapid emergence of new technologies the demand for simple and easy to use solutions has grown in the global instrumentation software market Acknowledging this need instrumentation software companies are focusing on simplifying complicated technical tasks and processes as well as adding new functionalities New analysis from Frost amp Sullivan It s All About Software Analysis of the Market for Global Instrumentation Software and Software Solutions for General Purpose Test Instrument finds that the market earned revenues of 1 52 billion in 2013 and estimates this to reach 2 21 bi
77. oped the system and will continue to refine it over the next few years The new design is also a promising candidate for a factory floor pressure instrument that could be used by a range of industries including those associated with semiconductor glass and aerospace manufacturing We ve exceeded the expectations we had three years ago says Thermodynamic Metrology Group Leader Gregory Strouse This device is not only a photonic sensor it s also a primary standard It s the first photonic based primary pressure standard And it works About the size of a travel mug the FLOC has a resolution of 0 1 mPa millipascal or thousandths of a pascal 36 times better than NIST S official U S pressure standard which is a 3 meter tall about 10 foot column of liquid mercury that extends through the ceiling of the calibration room The cavity s range also beats that of the mercury manometer at the low end an impressively wide range that stretches from the millipascal to hundred thousand pascal level says Principal Investigator Jay Hendricks of the Thermodynamic Metrology Group There s no other instrument that can handle so many different ranges and have that high a resolution he continues The FLOC is 100 times faster than the standard mercury manometer too It can do in a second what the big mercury manometer takes about a minute and a half to do Hendricks says Traditional pressure sensors rely on changes to the height of
78. pedance 21 given in the Fig 2 In other words the equations Z Z and Z Z must be satisfied Unfortunately the load impedances at the output of the LNAs seen in Fig 1 continuously vary when used above 500 MHz The output of the LNA that is used at channel is terminated with loads equal to characteristic impedance Oct Nov Dec 2014 WIpE BAND MICROWAVE Norse MEASUREMENT SYSTEM MURAT CELEP Input Output matching network matching network Low Noise Amplifier Figure 2 Input and output connections of a LNA When the LNA is not used its load impedance value is changed as infinite In terms of s parameters the gain of a LNA in the LNA model circuit given in Fig 2 is written as 1 i 12 55 17 10 1 Si 1 1 5 Sy 5 I G 1 where Sa Ly Sar 2 9 and 5 are the source reflection coefficient the forward transmission coefficient of the LNA the load reflection coefficient the input reflection coefficient of the LNA the output reflection coefficient of the LNA and the reverse transmission coefficient of the LNA respectively In the case of variability in source and load impedance the gain of LNA is obtained as in Fig 3 using Eq 1 While the highest LNA gain is at the point where the source and the load impedances are equal to characteristic impedance it appears that the gain declines when diverging from characteristic impedance The measurement setup in Fig 4 was establishe
79. r labs are NVLAP accredited 100 uniform data sheets 0 Ar 1 00 of our technicians in all 18 calibration labs are proficiency tested 100 Trust There shortcuts TRANSCAT Better by every measure 800 828 1470 Transcat com INDUSIRY AND RESEARCH NEWS DoE uiri gt zl zg in uf HT 1 Ti 1000 V CMI IPQ CEM SMD LNE UME METAS SMU PTE MIRS SIG EIM INRIM Degrees of equivalence DoE with respect to the comparison reference value for 1 TW left and 100 TW right resistance Resistance at the Highest Level Results of a European Comparison High ohmic resistance measurements are an important part of the calibrations performed by national metrology institutes NMIs in Europe High ohmic resistors are among others used in instruments measuring electric isolation characteristics of materials such as teraohmmeters and in electrometers and picoammeter for the measurement of small electrical currents The techniques used to measure very high resistance values differ quite substantially from the calibration techniques applied in the lower resistance ranges For this reason for the first time in Europe a comparison was organised of 1 and 100 TQ resistance using a set of well characterized travelling standards The results of the comparison for most of the 18 participants agree reasonably
80. r counter clockwise torque value When using a horizontally oriented transducer hold the torque tool so that it is at an exact right angle to the transducer and clear from any obstructions Figure 3 Leveling the torque wrench CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY METROLOGY 101 Figure 4 Vertical orientation STEP 6 Make the Torque Measurement Always begin calibration of a torque tool at its lowest marked set point Then dial up to each set point from a lower value The normal recommended sequence is calibrating at marked scale increments nearest 20 60 and 100 of range in that order Use a single range transducer on the calibrator when possible For torque tools whose full range matches the full range of the calibrator the check done at 100 of range on the torque tool should be performed at the scale increment nearest 90 The torque tool is still considered fully calibrated using this method This will avoid damage from over ranging the calibrator If possible the calibration should be performed on a single transducer of the calibrator to reduce errors produced when switching between transducers Grip the torque tool properly Position your hand at the center of the grip or on the stripe mark at the center of the grip on the torque tool This is the calibrated point on the torque tool Because torque is comprised of applied force times distance from the fulcrum or axis placement of the hand wh
81. range of frequencies and the results agreed with both numerical simulations and calculations Importantly the new method can calibrate itself as well as other instruments because it is based on predictable quantum properties vibrations in atoms as they switch between energy levels This self calibration feature improves measurement precision and may make traceable calibrations possible in the millimeter and sub terahertz bands of the spectrum for the first time The exciting aspect of this approach is that an atom is rich in the number of transitions that can be excited NIST project leader Chris Holloway says This results in a broadband measurement probe covering a frequency range of 1 to 500 gigahertz and possibly up to 1 terahertz The NIST instrument currently is tabletop sized but researchers are working on miniaturizing it using photonic structures teddytoons verizon net CAL TOONS by Ted Green THERE S NOTHING LIKE A REFRESHING YULETIDE TRIPLE POINT OF WATER MADE BY A REAL METROLOGIST The basic method has already been demonstrated for imaging applications Briefly researchers use a red and a blue laser to prepare atoms contained in a cylinder to high energy Rydberg states which have novel properties such as extreme sensitivity and reactivity to electromagnetic fields An antenna or other source generates an electric field which depending on its frequency affects the spectrum of light absorbed
82. rce at the center of the grip The loader crank handle is then rotated at an even speed until the set point break over is reached This method reduces many human errors but is more costly and so is not available in many laboratories Nov Dec 2014 METROLOGY 101 Torque Calibration Example A Craftsman Micro Clicker 10 to 75 1 CW amp CCW 3 8 inch drive torque wrench is received for calibration When received the TI Test Instrument is adjusted to its minimum marked setting of 10 ft Ibs and placed on an incoming hold shelf for 8 hours overnight while its internal spring is relaxed The following day prior to beginning calibration on the TI the calibrator transducer to be used is preloaded by exercising it three times in the direction to be calibrated in this case both directions to 10076 of range The transducer used will be the 1000 in Ib 8 33 to 83 33 ft Ib transducer part of the CDI model TTPM 41 four transducer set The TI is then adjusted to its full range torque setting of 75 ft Ibs and exercised in the first direction to be calibrated clockwise for this example exercised five times then adjusted back to its minimum marked setting of 10 ft Ibs The calibrator is set for First Peak mode Then the TI is dialed to the first calibration setting of 15 ft Ibs inserted directly into the calibrator s 3 8 inch transducer fitting The TI is held in a neutral position while the calibrator i
83. rial schedule SEMINARS Software Dec 8 12 2014 Basic MET CAL Procedure Writing Everett WA Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com software training Feb 11 12 2015 An Intro to Instrument Control and Calibration Automation in LabVIEW Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org SEMINARS Temperature Feb 11 2015 Thermocouple Theory and Practical Application Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Feb 12 2015 Temperature Measurement Temperature Metrology and Thermometer Calibration Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Mar 19 2015 Tips and Tricks in Temperature Uniformity Surveys MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Apr 14 16 2015 Principles of Temperature Metrology American Fork UT Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com training courses Principles Temperature Metrology SEMINARS Vibration Dec 1 4 2014 Fundamentals of Vibration for Test amp Design Applications Las Vegas NV http www ttiedu com schedule html Feb 12 2015 Dynamic Sensors amp Calibration Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Mar 10 12 2015 Fundamentals of Vibration for Test Applications Las Vegas NV http www ttiedu com schedule html Apr 6 8 2015 Random Vibration and Oct Nov Dec 2014 Shock Testing Santa Clarita CA http www equipment reliability com Je Visit www callabmag c
84. s a significant change from the previous standard e SO DIS 14644 2 2 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part 2 Monitoring to provide evidence of cleanroom performance related to air cleanliness by particle concentration This draft is much different than the previous versions The new DIS Standard addresses monitoring of cleanroom performance with regard to the airborne particulate cleanliness of the cleanroom e SO DIS 14644 14 Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments Part 14 Assessment of suitability for use of equipment by airborne particle concentration This part of ISO 14644 specifies a methodology to assess the suitability of equipment e g machinery measuring equipment process equipment components tools for use n cleanrooms and associated controlled environments with respect to airborne particle cleanliness as specified in ISO 14644 1 e EST RP CC036 1 Testing Fan Filter Units This Recommended Practice RP IEST RP CC036 1 covers the methods and definitions for testing the performance of fan filter units The document provides customers and suppliers of fan filter units the necessary test protocols for measuring performance in such a manner as to allow direct comparison of units of varying designs and operating features provided by different manufacturers These documents are now available for purchase through IEST which has more than 60 Working Groups developin
85. s zeroed if needed Then the TI is smoothly twisted clockwise just until the break over click is felt The measured torque value is noted and then the process is repeated four more times five repetitions must be within tolerance limits The TI is adjusted up to 45 ft Ibs 6076 of range and the measurement process is repeated The TI is adjusted up to 75 ft Ibs 10076 of range and the measurement process is repeated If all 5 calibrator readings at each set point are within tolerance the TI is then adjusted back to its marked minimum setting Positioning of the TI is switched to perform warm up and calibration readings in the counter clockwise direction The TI warm up and all calibration steps are then repeated as above in the counter clockwise direction Figure 6 Torque loader Nov 2014 Once all readings have been taken in both directions adjust the TI again to its minimum marked setting of 10 ft Ibs where it should remain until it is to be used again and complete calibration documentation Screwdrivers and T Handle Torque Tools Most techniques in the procedure above also apply to screwdrivers and T handle torque tools But screwdrivers and T handle tools rotate continuously and have multiple break over points along their 360 degree rotation which all must be calibrated Below are additional techniques needed to accurately calibrate them Avoid Downward Pressure Avoid downward
86. solid state drive ensure compliance with the most stringent requirements More information is available online at www keysight com find UXA 41 CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES EtherCAT Thyracont Vacuum Transducers transducers of the Smartline product family from Thyracont a manufacturer of measurement instrumentation are now available with EtherCAT interface EtherCAT is currently the fasted industrial Ethernet technology and convinces with easy handling For instance manual address settings are not necessary and a diagnosis for localizing errors are already included Smartline transducers with EtherCAT can be easily integrated in existing networks Due to a flexible topology the EtherCAT network is variable and extendable and provides access to further internet technologies Smartline transducers cover the range from atmosphere to ultrahigh vacuum with outstanding precision offer durable exchangeable sensor heads and robust full metal housings Thyracont Vacuum Instruments GmbH manufactures high quality vacuum measurement and control instruments for the whole measuring range from rough to ultra high vacuum Customers include manufacturers of vacuum pumps and vacuum systems process and equipment engineers in industry laboratories universities and research institutes www thyracont com Static Solutions Inc ESD Ultimat Rubber Table Mat Ultimat
87. ss Flow Meter Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Apr 20 24 2015 Advanced Piston Gauge Metrology Phoenix AZ Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com training May 18 22 2015 Principles of Pressure Calibration Phoenix AZ Fluke Calibration http us flukecal com Principles of Pressure www isotechna com IUE NIMTICRB C Resistance Bridge Calibrator The solution you have been waiting for Automatic Calibration of Thermometry Bridges The only complete solution for AC or DC Bridges Includes Analysis Software Fixed Point Systems CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY Oct Nov Dec 2014 CALENDAR SEMINARS General Nov 3 7 2014 Fundamentals of Metrology Gaithersburg MD http www nist gov pml wmd labmetrology training cfm Jan 26 30 2015 Fundamentals of Metrology Gaithersburg MD http www nist gov pml wmd labmetrology training cfm Feb 9 13 2015 Fundamentals of Metrology Gaithersburg MD http www nist gov pml wmd labmetrology training cfm Feb 12 2015 Process Calibration Raleigh NC NCSLI Technical Exchange http www ncsli org Mar 2 6 2015 Fundamentals of Metrology Gaithersburg MD http www nist gov pml wmd labmetrology training cfm Mar 18 2015 Back to Basics Metrology 101 MSC Tutorial Anaheim CA http msc conf com tutorial schedule Mar 19 2015 DIY Statistics A Statistics Refresher for Metrologists MSC Tutorial Anaheim
88. t manufacture maintain and calibrate power meters energy meters power quality analyzers and similar tools The 6003A delivers the accuracy and features found in more expensive three phase systems It provides three independent phases of precise voltage and current It also sources power quality phenomena including harmonics interharmonics and dip swell variations It includes measurement capabilities for dc voltage dc resistance and frequency for measuring outputs from power and energy transducers Because it s a single instrument the 6003A is easier to transport to test workloads in situ takes up less bench space and is more cost effective to maintain than multi piece units Its graphical user interface enables users to set up complex harmonic signals quickly and easily Specialized capabilities can be added including an energy option which adds a pulse counter and pulse output a power quality option that enables the 6003A to calibrate power quality instrumentation by generating up to 63 harmonics an interharmonic modulation flicker and dips and swells on all three channels and a 90 A adapter with high current leads that generates up to 90 A from a single current phase to manage high current workloads To learn more about the Fluke Calibration 6003A Three Phase Electrical Power Source visit www flukecal com 6003a Nov 2014 NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Rohde amp Schwarz ZND Vector Net
89. tact information see www nist gov pml div686 calibrations laser cfm Source NIST Tech Beat October 29 2014 http ww w nist gov pml div686 20141029 laser cal cfm barrier The laser is monitored by a camera and is visible in the upper left corner of the right hand screen Paul Williams left and Joshua Hadler operate the service which can calibrate lasers with up to 10 kilowatts of power for manufacturers and military customers Credit Burrus NIST CAL LAB THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 40 Fluke Calibration 9118A Thermocouple Calibration Furnace Fluke Calibration introduces the 9118A Thermocouple Calibration Furnace a horizontal open ended tube furnace with a temperature range of 300 to 1200 degrees Celsius The 9118A enables calibration professionals to conduct comparison calibrations of the noble and base metal thermocouples used in a variety of industries including aerospace automotive energy metals and plastics Calibrations can be fully automated when the 9118A is used with the Fluke Calibration 1586A Precision Temperature Scanner increasing lab productivity The 9118A can be operated with or without an isothermal block increasing the workload that can be performed with asingle unit The furnace configuration can be quickly changed by selecting parameters stored in the controller and by either inserting or removing the alumina ceramic isothermal block It features temperature stability of p
90. technique reducing applied force after the first peak the second peak will be smaller and will not cause a secondary reading on the calibrator With the calibrator set to First Peak mode only the first peak will be recorded In Peak mode only the first peak will read as long as the second peak is smaller Take five readings at each set point Due to human variability calibrator readings for each repetition will be a little different Consistent and correct technique which comes with practice will reduce variability but the calibrated torque value for a set point is considered to be the average of at least five repetitions For this reason most calibration procedures require taking the average of multiple readings normally five Note 1 Be aware of muscle fatigue This is may be more of an issue for higher set point torque tools as they require more exertion Be aware of muscle fatigue as it will make applying repeatable continuous force more difficult When muscle fatigue is noticeable take a break as needed Note 2 Use of a Loading Bench Loader A loading bench loader Fig 6 improves repeatability of the smooth continuous force applied during calibration of Type II torque tools by removing much of the human variability reducing muscle fatigue and is very helpful in calibrating high torque values The torque tool is normally mounted horizontally in the loading fixture leveled vertically and set to apply fo
91. tion labs around the world For our problem with testing PXI instruments utilizing MET CAL seemed a good starting point But controlling instruments like PXI and other modular and software based instrumentation presents itself with a level of complexity Having recently developed procedures for two other PXI instruments from another manufacturer we learned software based instruments do not always run on every operating system We needed to create a software development model that would contain complexity of the software in an easy to understand programming interface while at the same time minimizing operator frustrations related to configuration and operation of the calibration procedure CAL Las THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METROLOGY 34 We know the life expectancy of most hardware is ten to fifteen years while software is only five years so we know we have to expect the software platforms around the hardware will change two to three times over the life of the hardware We also know that not all systems and customers would upgrade software at the same time ultimately we needed to decouple the UUT code from the standards code Overview of Our Solution Working with our customer we decided to divide the software up into two sections the UUT code and the standard s code We have decoupled the UUT code from the standard s code before but this time we wanted our solution to be able to run cross computer This
92. tromagnetic force responsible for affixing souvenir magnets to refrigerators And its weakness makes it difficult to measure Credit PML Jenny Lee Experimentalists have used a variety of approaches swinging pendulums masses in freefall balance beams and torsion balances that measure the torque or rotation of wires supporting masses that are attracted to other masses But a plot of all the results from the past 15 years reveals a relatively wide spread in values ranging from about 6 670 x 10 m kg s to 6 676 x 10 m 5 Furthermore CODATA the International Council for Science Committee on Data for Science and Technology which analyzes the results of individual experiments and provides aninternationally accepted sets of values for fundamental physical constants has had to increase the uncertainty on its latest recommendation for a value of G due to the divergence of the experiments At the NIST workshop the 53 participants agreed unanimously that something should be done They recommended that one or more organizations establish annual or biannual meetings focused specifically on the campaign to determine big G s value with greater accuracy and they supported the idea of focusing on new approaches to the measurement such as the atomic interferometry setup used in a recent experiment involving laser cooled rubidium atoms The main culprit in these discrepancies is suspected to be systematic un
93. ts minimum marked set point or the tool may become damaged The tool temporarily remembers its spring s compressed shape and will provide accurate results only after it has had time to relax to its uncompressed shape Also allow 8 hours with the tool set to its marked minimum following out of tolerance adjustments prior to proceeding with post adjustment readings Note Worn springs that do not fully return to their original shape may require replacement Fixed Value Type II torque tools including wrenches screwdrivers T handle and others which have been sealed and set for a fixed torque set point do not require relaxing the spring prior to calibration and should be left at the set point unless adjustments are needed STEP 2 Warm Up the Transducer Before proceeding or at least once each day the calibrator transducer s to be used should be exercised pre loaded by applying at least three repetitions of torque at 100 of range for about thirty seconds each in the direction of calibrations that will be performed Fig 2 Allow the calibrator to rest for about thirty seconds between each application Do not exceed the operating range of the calibrator Figure 2 Exercising the transducer Oct Nov Dec 2014 Note Some more recent model torque calibrators no longer require daily pre loading Refer to manufacturer s specifications on your calibrator for further information STEP 3 Warm up the Torque Too
94. ue touching basis with commercial partners for the first time or browsing the exhibit floor The online experience can be cheap and practical but there s incredible value in experiencing a live event complete with face to face interaction and participation Attending a live event also helps to keep such activities going making it a win win for both the participant and industry as a whole Cal Lab Magazine has conferences to thank for helping to find articles advertisers and collaborative relationships almost all the elements needed to build promote and sustain the publication Online and in print Cal Lab Magazine provides information on various conferences amp meetings happening throughout the US and countries around the globe If you haven t paid much attention before check out the calendar section starting on page 2 it s there in each and every printed issue Every event has a URL you can visit to find further information such as training abstracts topics covered and pricing If I haven t even made you curious about our industry events then at least take note of this issue s line up of articles starting with Metrology 101 Basic Torque Calibration where author Jerry Eldred presents to us a wealth of tips for calibration of torque tools Our friends in Turkey brought us an article on Wide Band Microwave Noise Measurement System by Murat Celep at TUBITAK while the folks at Keysight Technologies explain in detail their technol
95. w ge mcs com Calibration solutions from GE Ya lt 4Sight Multifunction Pressure Temperature Software INDUSIRY AND RESEARCH NEWS NIST Quantum Probe Enhances Electric Field Measurements Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST and the University of Michigan have demonstrated a technique based on the quantum properties of atoms that directly links measurements of electric field strength to the International System of Units SI The new method could improve the sensitivity precision and ease of tests and calibrations of antennas sensors and biomedical and nano electronic systems and facilitate the design of novel devices Conventional electric field probes have limited frequency range and sensitivity often disturb the field being measured and require laboratory calibrations that are inherently imprecise because the reference field depends on the geometry of the source Furthermore linking these measurements to SI units the highest level of calibration is a complex process NIST s new electric field probe spans enormous ranges It can measure the strength of fields from 1 to 500 gigahertz including the radio microwave millimeter wave and sub terahertz bands It can measure fields up to 100 times weaker than conventional methods can as weak as 0 8millivolts per meter the SI unit of measure Researchers used the new method to measure field strengths for a wide
96. work Analyzer The new R amp S ZND vector network analyzer from Rohde amp Schwarz features two test ports and the base unit is designed for unidirectional measurements from 100 KHz to 4 5 GHz Its easy to use options provide for flexible upgrades The frequency range can be extended to 8 5 GHz plus the instrument can be equipped for bidirectional measurements up to 4 5 GHz or 8 5 GHz These functions can be locally activated The R amp S ZND is perfect for production line measurements such as characterization of passive mobile phone components The analyzer enables users to easily measure S parameters such as 511 on antennas or 521 on filters The favorably priced easy to operate instrument is also ideal for training purposes The R amp S ZND offers a specified dynamic range of up to 120 dB and a specified power sweep range of up to 48 dB Options for time domain measurements general purpose interface bus GPIB and a parts handler interface handler I O are also available The analyzer s large 30 cm 12 1 touchscreen and intuitive user interface make it especially easy to configure measurements and analyze results AII instrument functions are accessible in no more than three operating steps via the soft panel A toolbar and drag and drop functionality allow users to configure the R amp S ZND very quickly and touchscreen tabs make it simple to switch between instrument setups Traces and channels can be arranged in any desir
97. would allow the UUT portion of the code to run on a completely different computer and operating system It would also allow the UUT to be tested in the PXI chassis without the need for the technician to install MET CAL on the PXI Controller To accomplish this first we had to create a text command interface for the UUT allowing MET CAL to control the UUT using commands similar to how we would control equipment on the GPIB bus Then Nov 2014 we needed to create a service to run on the UUT PXI chassis that would translate the commands to instrument function calls It would be able to read the message configure the instrument making measurements and return the results Once the UUT Service was completed we then needed to create a client messaging application because MET CAL at present does not have any direct access to TCP IP based message calls This was the simplest part of all the code mostly because we already had tools developed to facilitate integration with MET CAL Once all the tools were developed all we had left to do was to write the actual MET CAL procedure and then test it in order to make sure the software was able to run distributed across two computers or all on the same computer Cal Lab Solutions Software Layers We start to see patterns over time as we build software Different companies and different people will name and label objects and layers in their software differentl
98. y But when we step back the patterns are often the same As software developers we have to recognize these patterns and use them to simplify our software designs At our highest level of software abstraction is our Metrology Service Bus Layer see Figure 1 This layer is designed to be language agnostic and platform independent It creates a common interchangeable layer for driver interchangeability Below that is the Measurement Process Driver These can be created in any language and their main focus is measurement quality I should point out that not all instruments are command based some measurement drivers can communicate directly with the function call and low level instrument control But the overall goal of this development model is to create more Nov Dec 2014 CALIBRATING UUT A REMOTE CoMPurER USING FLUKE MET CAL MICHAEL L SCHWARTZ Interchangeable Driver Interface MSB Layer Measurement Process Driver Figure 1 flexibility in software design so we can include it as part of our standard development methodology The command base driver is essentially the IEEE SCPI calls and RS 232 programming we normally use to send commands to an instrument The firmware in the instrument will recognize our string based commands and call the corresponding function that performs that operation For example when sending it a RST command the firmware would call an internal Reset function p
99. ysis bandwidth of 510 MHz can be used across the full frequency range with excellent spurious free dynamic range SFDR of gt 75 dBc This enables accurate characterization of parameters such as wideband chirp linearity When monitoring or capturing highly elusive signals the optional 510 MHz real time spectrum analysis capability provides 100 percent probability of intercept POD for durations as short as 3 84 us Built on our unique technology the UXA delivers unsurpassed purity and clarity in signal analysis said Andy Botka vice president and general manager of Keysight s Microwave and Communications Division The unprecedented quality of its IF section enables a designer to understand what s happening inside their system and helps them prove that it s meeting or exceeding its performance goals Through a 14 1 inch screen the UXA allows the user to view results using an array of flexible measurement displays Based on the familiar X Series menu structure the touch driven interface supports gestures and simplifies measurement and analysis by placing most setup items no more than two taps away For detailed signal analysis the UXA supports the Keysight 89600 VSA software With support for more than 75 standards and formats the 89600 VSA makes it possible to see through the complexity of challenging signals in radar EW and communication applications including 5G In secure environments features such as a removable

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