MTS/MDA Sensor and Data Acquisition Board User`s Manual
Contents
1. Magnetometer us GND1 A sr A TAA OUTHA NC HO OFFSET A GND PLN 7 PD1 Vbridge A OFFSET A 45 sre A OUT A SIR A He GND2 A OFFSET B 44 emp SIR B SiR B Ha S o GND1 B GND2 B 4 72 OUT B OUT 8 Hye T eem a 1 OFFSET B Vbridge B PCER RA BRA piReB pRB 4 Mag Power ug u7 BER 2 vind vne HS Rat z vina vne Hg T VinA VinBe g Sud 3 Vi VinB ja 2 RGAI RGB2 Hi pa 34 RGA1 RGB2 His MAG VREF BL omp MAG V T 1 1k MAG VREF pa ROA ROM MAG VREF H Refa Reg Hi H Rea Re Hi VoutA VoutB VoutA VoutB ETT sone Sammen L1 TRA ADOS UT Sensen sense AO 8 3 70k 5 E Mag Power v V v V Bs Mag Power alle INA2126 pe INA2126 loc tuF R30 20k R51 p Oohm R32 ADCG Mag Power i EEE MAG VDD ANALOG R55 39K NG tng R28 10uF Mag Power i s Maa Rewer 20k and analg R33 PTI 39K 39K ato 2 He i Mag Power 2A wa H3 vi it B2 TS T 3 1 G VREF we Ha 02 3n IN OUT VDD Vss 3 PWS 5 11 R27 R56 8 car 12C BUS 1 cK 79 SHON DGND Fay 39K 9 1uF 0805 IZC BUS T DATA qoc AO Fy 20k AR TLE2426 ADS242 Magnetometer Virtual Ground Tite MTS310 SENSOR BOARD Bize T Document Number ev B 8000 0212 A Date Wednesday March 26 2003 Bnet 1 MA Figure 3 4 MTS310 Schem2. e Fault Description Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 35 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 9 3 2 Identification and Protection If the equipment is to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair please attach a tag TO THE EQUIPMENT as well as the shipping container s identifying the owner Also indicate the service or repair required the problems encountered and other information considered valuable to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number Place the equipment in the original shipping container s making sure there is adequate packing around all sides of the equipment If the original shipping containers were discarded use heavy boxes with adequate padding and protection 9 3 3 Sealing the Container Seal the shipping container s with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight of the equipment and the container 9 3 4 Marking Please write the words FRAGILE DELICATE INSTRUMENT in several places on the outside of the shipping container s In all correspondence please refer to the equipment by the model number the serial number and the RMA number 9 3 5 Retum Shipping Address Use the following address for all returned products Crossbow Technology Inc 4145 N First Street San Jose CA 95134 Attn RMA Number XXXXXX 9 4 Warranty The Crossbow product warranty is one year from date of shipment Page 36 Doc
3. while in dark conditions is 520 kQ In order to use the light sensor digital control signal PW1 must be turned on The output of the sensor is connected to the analog digital converter channel 6 ADC6 Ul Pin 37 See the circuit below PW1 R2 Photoresistor ADC6 R3 10k 5 Gnd analog Figure 2 3 Schematic of the light sensor Table 2 3 Light Sensor Specifications Type Clairex CL94L Ron 2 kQ Rorr 520 kQ 2 4 Prototyping Area The prototyping area is a series of solder holes and connection points for connecting other sensors and devices to the Mote The prototyping area layout is shown in the diagram and tables below Table 2 4 Connection Table for MTS101CA Use the photo top view below the table to locate the pins a1 a12 No Connect Bare Hole c1 c12 No Connect Bare Hole b1 PW4 U1 33 b9 I2C BUS DATA U1 22 b2 PW5 U1 34 b10 I2C BUS CLK U1 21 b3 PW6 U1 35 b11 FLASH SO U1 19 b4 ADC3 U1 36 b12 FLASH SI U1 20 d1 GND ANALOG U1 1 d9 GND U1 51 d2 VDD ANALOG U1 2 d10 VCC U1 50 d3 ADC1 U1 42 d11 No Connect Bare Hole d4 ADC2 U1 41 d12 No Connect Bare Hole e9 PW3 U1 32 e11 ADCO U1 43 e10 ADCA U1 39 e12 GND ANALOG U1 1 Thermistor sved M TTE Light Sensor poos jt o wi CC i Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 7 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual NOTE If y
4. 30 29 PWMIB Pin3 Pin 29 AC 27 Pi 28 AC 1 Ping amp Pin 28 57 Pind 2 Pin 27 Figure 3 2 MTS310CA Schematic of 51 pin Connector Pin outs Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 13 Wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Power Vec Switches i cl Temperature Light m N 9 pw2 1 i 3 Vec C 2 Sounder Power PW3 16 m 14 SB VDD ANALOG 7 O 15 Mic Power PWA 9 11 SB VDD ANALOG a ER Vi 10 Acce Power xd 6 MAG VDD ANALOG Oh Mag Power Bojeue pub PW5 8 z o IAX467 c3 10k 1 ov dog dens gnd analog R25 Acce Power 2 Axis Acceleromemter Sounder Power u5 ADC3 7 XFILT 8 st o aF Apes SJ vent 5 72 2 SR 5 fe 3 100nF ZOUT GOM R26 si 5j ADXL202E c21 330K TO 100nF 2N2222A gnd analo T AkHz PS14TZ0A gnd analog a 3 Sounder o a ind analo PD2 E Te Ses MTS310CA SENSOR BOARD Eze Document Number lev B 8000 0212 A Date Monday March 03 2003 Sheet i oF 1 Figure 3 3 MTS310CA Schematics of Accelerometer Sounder Temperature and Light Sensors and Power Switches
5. 7430 0020 03 Rev B Crossb w Crossbow Technology Inc 4145N First Street San Jose CA 95134 Phone 408 965 3300 Fax 408 324 4840
6. Typical on resistance while exposed to light is 2 kO Typical off resistance while in dark conditions is 520 kQ In order to use the light sensor digital control signal PW1 must be turned on The output of the sensor is connected to the analog digital converter channel 1 ADC 1 When there is light the nominal circuit output is near VCC or full scale and when it is dark the nominal output is near GND or zero Power is controlled to the light sensor by setting signal INT1 The thermistor Panasonic ERT J1VR103J on the MTS300CA and MTS310CA is a surface mount component installed at location RT2 It is configured in a simple voltage divider circuit with a nominal mid scale reading at 25 C The output of the temperature sensor circuit is available at ADC1 Power is controlled by setting signal INT2 Table 3 1 Voltage Resistance vs Temperature Temperature Resistance ADC1 Reading CC Ohms 20 of VCC 40 427 910 2 3 20 114 200 8 1 0 35 670 22 25 10 000 50 40 4090 71 60 2224 82 70 1520 87 3 3 1 Conversion to Engineering Units The mote s ADC output can be converted to degrees Kelvin using the following approximation over 0 50 C 1 T K a b x INR c x DnR where Rr RI ADC_FS ADC ADC a 0 00130705 b 0 000214381 Page 10 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Wireless Sensor Networks c 0 000000093 R1 10kQ ADC FS 102
7. and dynamic range Digital sensors can be attached to the provided digital or counter channels Mote samples analog digital or counter channels and can actuate via digital outputs or relays The combination of a MICA2 MPR400CB and a MDA300CA can be used as a low power wireless data acquisition device or process control machine Table 6 1 below gives the absolute maximum ratings for various electrical parameters Table 6 1 The MDA300CAs Absolute Maximum Ratings VDD to GND 0 cc eee 0 3V to 5 5V Digital Lines Input voltage range 0 5 V to Vppt 0 5 V Continuous output low current 50 mA Continuous output high current 4 mA Analog Lines Input voltage range 0 2 V to Voc 0 5 V Counter Line Input voltage range 0 V to 5 5V Relays Maximum Contact Voltage 100V Maximum Contact Current 150mA Users are strongly encouraged to stay within the MICA2 nominal input voltage of 2 7 to 3 3 VDC The input negative voltage ratings may be exceeded if the input and output current ratings are observed Page 24 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks 6 1 Theory of Operation This section briefly describes the operation of the pins available on the MDA300CA A drawing of the pin outs and their description is shown in Figure 6 2 below Single ended analog channel 0 o
8. of the MDA300CA Differential Analog Signals Channels A11 to A13 Channels A11 to A13 can be used for differential analog signals Dynamic range and conversion formula are the same as the single ended channels Differential Precision Analog Signals Channels A7 to A10 Channels A7 to A10 are precision differential channels They have a sensor front end with gain of 100 Dynamic range of these channels is 12 5 mV The offset is cancelled by measurement of the constant offset and writing it to the E2PROM for software cancellation The result of the ADC can be converted to voltage in mV knowing that Voltage 12 5 x ADC READING 2048 1 Digital Channels Channels D0 to D5 Channels DO DS are digital channels that can be used for digital input or output They can be used for counting external phenomena triggering based on external events or for actuating external signal The result of these channels can be saved to the EEPROM for totalizing sensors to avoid losing count in case of power reset These channels can be protected against switch bouncing When they are set as inputs they have internal pull up resistance so that they can be plugged to switch close open sensors Page 26 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks Counter Channel This channel is appropriate for high speed counting or frequency measurement It has a Schmitt triggered front end Internal Channels The
9. routed to plated thru holes on the MDA500 circuit board The schematic for this board is shown in Figure 7 2 below Figure 7 1 Photo of top side of an MDA500CA for the MICA2DOT TP2 TP3 TP4 TPS TP6 TP7 TP8 TPO ES 0 00 ul an cn 45 co no gt 11 Fag 13 aq T INT1 TP10 TP11 TP12 TP14 TP15 TP16 TP17 TP18 INTO 15 46 SPI CK 16 17 PWO 17 18 PWT THERM PWR 18 79 SPITK Pwo PWT TP1 TP13 TP19 T T CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY INC itle MICA2DOT PROTO BOARD Bize Document Number ev B 6310 0309 01 A ate Wednesday March 26 2003 Eheet 1 of 1 Figure 7 2 Schematic of the MDA500CA 7 1 TinyOS Driver and Test Firmware A driver a test firmware for the MDA500 and a text user interface to view save the data on a PC is available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM See Chapter 8 for details Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 33 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 8 TinyOS Drivers and Test Firmware This section summarizes the drivers and test firmware for Crossbow s sensor and data acquisition boards Table 8 1 below lists the names of the folder for test and demo application firmware and driver for the various sensor and data acquisition boards Table 8 1 Listing of Sensor DAQ boards test and demo applications and drivers T
10. sensor can be used for tilt detection movement vibration and or seismic measurement The sensor output s are connected to ADC channels on the mote s ADC1 and ADC2 channels Table 4 4 Summary of the ADXL202JE s Specifications Sensor Type Analog Devices ADXL202JE Channels X ADC1 Y ADC2 Range 2 G 1 G 9 81 m s Sensitivity 167 mV G 17 Resolution 2 mG 0 002 G RMS Offset VBATTERY 2 0 4 V Operating Range 3 6 to 3 0 V Interface Analog interface NOTE The ADXL202 sensitivity and offset have a wide initial tolerance A simple calibration using earth s gravitational field can greatly enhance the accuracy of the ADXL202 sensor By rotating the sensor into a 1 G and a 1 G position the offset and sensitivity can be calculated to within 1 4 5 GPS MTS420 only The GPS module Leadtek GPS 9546 http www leadtek com is powered via a DC DC booster which maintains a constant 3 3 volt input regardless of battery voltage The booster output is programmably enabled The output from the GPS module is connected to a serial uart USARTI interface of the mote An active external antenna is supplied with the module The GPS module supplies the antenna power Table 4 5 Summary of the SiRFstarlle LP s GPS 9546 Specifications GPS Chipset SiRFstarlle LP Antenna External active antenna power supplied by GPS module Channels 12 Meters 10m 2
11. 3 ADC output value from mote s ADC measurement 3 4 2 Axis Accelerometer MTS310CA Only The accelerometer is a MEMS surface micro machined 2 axis 2 g device It features very low current draw lt 1mA and 10 bit resolution The sensor can be used for tilt detection movement vibration and or seismic measurement Power is controlled to the accelerometer by setting signal PW4 and the analog data is sampled on ADC3 and ADC4 The accelerometer at location US is an ADXL202JE and the full datasheet is available at http www analog com A summary of specification is provided in Table 3 2 below for reference Table 3 2 Summary of ADXL202JE Specifications Channels X ADC3 Y ADC4 G range 29 1 g 9 81 m s Bandwidth DC 50 Hz controlled by C20 C21 Resolution 2 mG 0 002 G RMS Sensitivity 167 MV G 17 Offset 2 5 V 04 V NOTE The ADXL202 sensitivity and offset have a wide initial tolerance A simple calibration using earth s gravitational field can greatly enhance the accuracy of the ADXL202 sensor By rotating the sensor into a 1 G and a 1 G position the offset and sensitivity can be calculated to within 1 96 3 5 Two Axis Magnetometer MTS310CA Only The magnetometer circuit is a silicon sensor that has a unique bridge resistor coated in a highly sensitive NiFe coating This NiFe coating causes the bridge resistance of the circuit to change The bridge is highly sensi
12. 41 42 aDC1 PROG MISO SPI 17 pin 16 Fin42 43 ADCO BBOut SCK SPI 18 bi 1 amp pin q4 4 Little Guy Reset FLASH SO KE EN tn 45 Little Guy SPI Clock FLASH SI 20 Pin19 Pin45 46 Title Guy MISO 2C BUS 1 CIK 21 Pin20 Pin46 47 Little Guy MOSI 12C BUS 1 DATA 22 Pin21 Pin47 48 RESET Vcc PWMO 23 Pin22 Pin 48 49 PWMIB PWM1A Zany eines binge an nd 35 Pin 24 Pin 50 27 NG fg Pin25 Pin 51 Pin 26 Connector to Mica Bottom and analog 26 VDD ANALOG 25 bn2g 51 UART RXDO INT3 24 Pin25 Pin 51 55 UART TXDO INT2 23 Pin24 Pin 50 45 Pwo INTT 327 Ping Pindo ag PW INTO 21 Pin22 Pin 48 47 PWZ DC BOOST SHUTDOW K0 bin 21 Pin 47 45 PW3 Pin 20 Pin 46 LED3 19 Pi 45 PWA LED2 18 Pin 19 Pin 45 744 pws LEDT q7 5118 Pin 44 143 PWS Pin 17 Pin 43 J5 RD 16_ Gin T7 Pin43 42 ADC WR TJEN HA 41 ADCS 1connector 1 ALE 44 Pin15 Pint ag apes 1 PW7 13 EM14 Pin 40 39 ADCA FLASH GIK a Pints Pins9 5 ADCS PROG MOST SPI 11 Bin P Ein 38 37 ADC2 J6 PROG MISO SPI 10 Pi 36 ADCi 1connector 1 SCK SPI 9 Pin10 Pin36 35 ADCO BBOut T1 FLASH SO 8 Pin9 Pin35 34 Litle Guy Reset FLASH SI 7 ping Pin 34 33 Little Guy SPI Clock I2C BUS 1 CLK GE M 32 Little Guy MISO I2C BUS 1 DATA 5 Pin6 Pin32 31 Title Guy MOSI PWMO 4 1 5105 Pin31 35 RESET Voc PWMIA 3 Pin4 Pin
13. 50K tirsir Power vox RIS Harstty DATA RG om 136 cur Lupe pose vox RE 136 DATA wax E tors DATA 7 PLS ama 500 aw S H Pressa DOUT oa paa ba aw DIN m mp reas sax bed m GPS TX pa S mo Rt EEPROM Power RU m hevd Power man Labi power RO qu Hurray Power w o Figure 4 3 MTS400CA Schematic Power and Signal Control Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 21 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 5 MTS510CA The MTS510CA series sensor is a flexible sensor board with a variety of sensing modalities These modalities can be exploited in developing sensor networks for a variety of applications including personnel detection low performance seismic sensing movement robotics and other applications The following section of the User s Manual describes the sensor circuits and general application Please refer to the schematic diagram at end of section for exact circuit details 5 1 Microphone The microphone circuit may be used for general acoustic recording and measurement The basic circuit consists of a pre amplifier U4 second stage amplified with a digital pot control U3 U1 A In order to use the light sensor digital control signal PW1 must be turned on This circuit amplifies the low level microphone output This output can be fed directly into the analog digital converter ADC2 This configuration is useful for general acoustic recording and measurement Audio files have been rec
14. C3 Y ADC4 G range 2G 1 G 9 81 m s Bandwidth DC 50 Hz controlled by C20 C21 Resolution 2 mG 0 002 G RMS Sensitivity 167 mV G 17 Yo Offset 2 5 V 204V NOTE The ADXL202 sensitivity and offset have a wide initial tolerance A simple calibration using earth s gravitational field can greatly enhance the accuracy of the ADXL202 sensor By rotating the sensor into a 1 G and a 1 G position the offset and sensitivity can be calculated to within 1 5 4 TinyOS Test Firmware A driver a test and a mesh networking firmware for the MTS510 and both a text and graphical user interface to view save the data on a PC is available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM See Chapter 8 for details Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 23 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 6 MDA300CA 6 WARNING The MDA300CA can be damaged by ESD ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure MDA300CA is designed as a general measurement platform for the MICA2 see Figure 6 1 Its primary applications are a wireless low power instrumentation b weather measurement systems c precision agriculture and irrigation control d habitat monitoring e soil analysis and f remote process control Figure 6 1 Top view of an MDA300CA This is the side a MICA2 mote would be attached Analog sensors can be attached to different channels based on the expected precision
15. D Start Time sec 45 Cold 38 Warm 8 Hot Reacquisition Time 0 1 sec typical w o dense foliage Protocol NEMA 0183 and SIRF binary protocol Current 60 mA at 3 3 V Interface Serial interface 4 NOTE The GPS module s DC DC booster can interfere with radio communication If the GPS module must be continually powered and monitored during radio communication then 3 3 3 6 volt lithium batteries are recommended to power the mote Normal alkaline batteries are not recommended unless the GPS module is powered down during radio communication 4 6 Turning Sensors On and Off Power for all of the sensors on the MTS400 420 sensor board is controlled through an analog power switch at location U7 It can be programmed enable and disable power to individual Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 19 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual sensors The default condition for the sensors is off This design helps minimize power draw by the sensor board 4 7 TinyOS Test Firmware A driver a test firmware for the MTS400 420 and a text user interface to view save the data on a PC is available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM See Chapter 8 for details 4 8 Schematics of the MTS400CA and MTS420CA Hur diy Power Lift Power EEPROM Power Figure 4 2 MTS400CA Schematic Sensors Page 20 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks m Hamaity
16. and 2 axis magnetometer 4 MTS400CA MICA2 Ambient light relative humidity temperature 2 axis accelerometer and barometric pressure MTS420CA MICA2 Same as MTS400CA plus a GPS module MTS510CA MICA2DOT Light microphone and 2 axis accelerometer 6 MDA300CA MICA2 Light relative humidity general purpose interface for external sensors 7 MDA500CA MICA2DOT Prototyping area Page 4 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks 2 MTS101CA The MTS101CA series sensor boards have a precision thermistor a light sensor photocell and general prototyping area The prototyping area supports connection to five channels of the mote s analog to digital converter ADC3 7 and the I2C digital communications bus The prototyping area also has 24 unconnected holes that are used for breadboard of circuitry 2 1 Thermistor The Thermistor YSI 44006 http www ysi com sensor is a highly accurate and highly stable sensor element With proper calibration an accuracy of 0 2 C can be achieved The thermistor s resistance varies with temperature See Table 2 2 and the resistance vs temperature graph in Figure 2 2 This curve although non linear is very repeatable The sensor is connected to the analog digital converter channel number 5 ADCS Ul pin 38 thru a basic resistor divider circuit In order to use the thermistor the sensor must be enabled by setting digital control line PW2 hi
17. and Off ssrernrernrnrnrnrernrenrrenrrrnrrrnnrrnrrrnnrrnnrsnvssnresnnesnrsssrsrsnsrensrnn 12 3 7 TinyOS Software Drivers u s aman 12 3 8 Schematics of the MTS300CA and MTS310CA sss 13 A MTSA400CA MTSA20CA LAAN 17 4 1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor s mesereersersrsrrsresrsrrsresrsrerreresrererrssrsr sr rennen 17 4 2 Barometric Pressure and Temperature Sensor essere 18 43 Light SensoF ciieoete RR pr RR ERE pep dr RIPE E PH tete dE UM DOHS 18 AA 2 AXi Accelerometer 0 ka KAG e e RR Per AREE ese bei Da bae e Np an eer aen NGA 19 45 GPS MTS4200N1Y anG repeto cent ree ee hee bee deo eene dere aede 19 4 6 Turning Sensors On and Of P s 19 47 TinyOS Test EImmware iret ter Fare eene ons Ee ED HERE Er Ee o resa edits 20 4 8 Schematics of the MTS400CA and MTS420CA sese 20 EE ILLAD T O ATO ETE 22 a BN AA 22 EE RE E EE R 22 5 3 Z AXIS Accelerometer iiie a eei meer aa aaa 22 54 TinyOS Test Firmware nanaga NN A NAAT R OE AR NGALAN 23 6 MDA300CA T 24 6 l Theory of Ope r tiOon ie sem eerte ee Re re tH rr EE RR e Toe p A ree ARV 25 6 2 TinyOS Driver and Test Firmware essere 2T 6 3 Example Applications ss sewe brons eerte rre bae tere s e ape alab 28 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 1 S wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Ili e wc A 33 7 1 TinyOS Driver and T
18. and both of them cannot be used at the same time Signals with dynamic range of 0 to 2 5 V can be plugged to these channels The least significant bit value is 0 6 mV The result of ADC can be converted to voltage knowing that Voltage 2 5 x ADC READING 4096 Resistors need to be added soldered to the MDA300CA board to properly scale the voltage levels of external analog sensors so that the maximum voltage is 2 5 VDC There are two scaling resistors R4 and Rp associated with each ADC channel These resistors form a simple two resistor voltage divider Therefore choose values for R4 and Rp such that the quantity Rg RA Rg multiplied by the maximum output of the sensor is lt 2 5 V The resistors corresponding to a specific ADC channel are listed in Table 6 2 and the area on the board is shown in Figure 6 3 below Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 25 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 4 NOTE The resistors in positions R30 to R36 are 0 Q resistors and would need to be removed when soldering the corresponding resistor for that channel Table 6 2 Analog Inputs and Resistor Locations for Voltage Scaling ADC Channel RA Rp 0 R36 R43 1 R35 R42 2 R34 R41 3 R33 R40 4 R32 R39 5 R31 R38 6 R28 R37 Scaling resistors in this area gu g 5a zJinttlte mn 5 Wiee Er Ei Had Gs msn T Figure 6 3 Photo of backside
19. atic of Magnetometer Page 14 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 5 z A 2 icrophone and Amplifier R54 R10 R11 C9 C10 14k mic preamp out none 56k 1k C8 1uF R12 20nF 10k 7 R8 ind analog 1 1k nd analog a 8 E Cr R9 li J z I g S uF 1k VREF MO MAX4466 a WM 62A Jgnd analog R13 Mic Power 1k R52 100k VREF R59 IT C28 100k 10uF mic out 3 wi B2 13 d 5 Voc 51 1 02 92 I E PW3 Ba XDD NE 8 3 12C BUS 7 CLK 79 SHON BOND 1g ie 2 Vec a 120 BUS 1 DATA 8 tb AD 9 3 AD5242 Figure 3 5 MTS310CA Schematic of Microphone and Amplifier Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 15 Wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual R14 56k R15 Biquad Active Filter C11 R16 mic out C13 680pF mic bandpass out Tone R5 Decoder Tone Signal Mic Power mic bandpass out open R39 R7 100k amp gnd analog 4 AC Nasa C14 10nF 1 OF Out 8 INT3 C15 1nF 2 LF Gnd 7 gnd analog mic bandpass o 4 1uF 3 hat Sn Ct Mic Power 4 mic out 4 Ne Rt open C17 LMC567 100nF gnd analog gnd analog Figure 3 6 MTS310CA Schematic of Biquad Active Filter and Tone Decoder Mic Output Selector mic out MAX4624 ISB VDD ANALOG R50 RO 510hm 402 open 805 Analog SB VDD ANALOG Compar
20. ator E AC Threshold ko Setu 10uF 1206 P nd analdg R1 open 805 gnd analog Figure 3 7 MTS310CA Schematic of Mic Output Selector and Analog Comparator Threshold Setup Page 16 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual wireless Sensor Networks 4 MTS400CA MTS420CA The MTS400CA offers five basic environmental sensors with an additional GPS module option MTS420CA The features offered on these boards allows for a wide variety of applications ranging from a simple wireless weather station to a full network of environmental monitoring nodes Applicable industries include agriculture industrial forestry HVAC and more These environmental sensor boards utilize the latest generation of energy efficient digital IC based board mount sensors This feature provides extended battery life where a low maintenance field deployed sensor node is required The GPS module offered on the MTS420CA Figure 4 1 may be used for positional identification of motes deployed in inaccessible environments and for location tracking of cargo vehicles vessels and wildlife Leadtek GPS 9546 Module Figure 4 1 Photo of MTS420CA The MTS400CA does not have the GPS module highlighted by the box NOTE Motes are designed for power efficiency Hence all the sensors are disconnected from power on the MTS400 and MTS420 sensor boards unless specifically turned on See Section 4 6 for more information 4 1 Humi
21. dity and Temperature Sensor The Sensirion http www sensirion com SHT 1 is a single chip humidity and temperature multi sensor module comprising a calibrated digital output The chip has an internal 14 bit analog to digital converter and serial interface SHT11s are individually calibrated Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 17 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Table 4 1 Summary of the Sensirion SHT11 s Specifications Sensor Type Sensirion SHT11 Channels Humidity Temperature Range 0 to 100 40 C to 80 C Accuracy 3 5 RH typical 2 C Operating Range 3 6 to 2 4 volts Interface Digital interface This sensor s power is enabled through a programmable switch The control interface signals are also enabled through a programmable switch An analog to digital converter in the sensor does the conversion from humidity and temperature to digital units 4 2 Barometric Pressure and Temperature Sensor The Intersema http www intersema ch MS55ER is a SMD hybrid device including a piezoresistive pressure sensor and an ADC interface IC It provides a 16 bit data word from pressure and temperature measurements A 3 wire interface is used for all communications This sensor s power is enabled through a programmable switch The control interface signals are also enabled through a programmable switch An analog to digital converter in the sensor does the conversi
22. er NTC is Negative Coefficient and PTC is Positive Coefficient temperature sensor They are very precise and are widely used in industry They are used as below Rfix Excitation AM Single ended analog channel Rsense GND Sensor THERMISTOR 10K OHM NTC From BC Components part number 2322 640 55103 Rfix 13 KA 0 1 Yo Excitation 2 5V Sample Code Record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 25 Conversion result int 0 5 10 110 2149 1 138253e 1 adc 7 509040e 5 adc adc 3 188276e 8 adc adc adc 7 069376e 12 adc adc adc adc 6 502949e 16 adc adc adc adc adc It can be purchased from DigiKey www digikey com BC1489 ND 13K 0 196 resistors from Mouser Electronics www mouser com part 66 RC55 D 13K In the sample code channel one called each 60 second as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 This polynomial gives less than 0 1 C error over 25 to 60 results in tenths of a degree Sensor Water and Soil Temperature Sensors probe 108 from Campbell Scientific http www campbellsci com Rfix None internal inside the sensor Excitation 5 0 V Sample Code record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 25 Conversion To be determined 5 0V excitation gives 125mV range that can be resolved to 125mV 0 6mV or 0 48 Note to turn off channels not to let channels be always on to avoid self
23. er counter on its processor It then increments a counter until the tone detector detects the sounder The counter value is the time of flight of the sound wave between the two motes The time of flight value can be converted into an approximate distance between motes Using groups of Motes with Sounders and Microphones a crude localization and positioning system can be built 4 NOTE Motes are designed for power efficiency Hence all the sensors are disconnected from power on the MTS300 and MTS310 sensor boards unless specifically turned on See Section 3 6 for more information Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 9 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 3 2 Sounder The sounder or buzzer is a simple 4 kHz fixed frequency piezoelectric resonator The drive and frequency control circuitry is built into the sounder The only signal required to turn the sounder on and off is Sounder Power Sounder Power is controlled thru the power control switch P1 and is set by the hardware line PW2 3 3 Light and Temperature 4 NOTE The light and temperature sensor share the same A D converter channel ADC1 Only turn one sensor on at a time or the reading at ADC1 will be corrupted and meaningless As on the MTS101CA the MTS300CA and MTS310CA have a light sensor and a thermistor The light sensor is a simple CdSe photocell The maximum sensitivity of the photocell is at the light wavelength of 690 nm
24. est Firmware ss sessssrsrrsrssrsreresresrsrereeresreresrerrsrsr en rrnr rennen nennen 33 8 TinyOS Drivers and Test Firmware e eee ee eeee eee eee eese eese sese sese aeos esas e ease seas sees 34 8 1 Testing a Sensor or Data Acquisition Board sse 34 9 Appendix D Warranty and Support Information eee ecce ecce eee eere eene aono 35 91 CUSTOMEEISETVICE eet An i re NE ROTE bae e Re i de Lee parentis 35 92 Contact DIteCtOEy ausa RE en HU GNG ERO A NAKAR aes 35 9 3 Return Procedute eor eo REOR RH NANA Ete UPS Rte ERE Khaak 35 QA Warranty ia nere e bester e NG NAAN ANAN a ee ee Eye Mox 36 Page 2 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Wireless Sensor Networks About This Document The following annotations have been used to provide additional information NOTE Note provides additional information about the topic M EXAMPLE Examples are given throughout the manual to help the reader understand the terminology IMPORTANT This symbol defines items that have significant meaning to the user 6 WARNING The user should pay particular attention to this symbol It means there is a chance that physical harm could happen to either the person or the equipment The following paragraph heading formatting is used in this manual 1 Heading 1 1 1 Heading 2 1 1 1 Heading 3 This document also uses different body text font
25. est and Demo Sensor or DAQ Board Application Name s Driver Name Oscilloscope De OscilloscopeRF basicsb MTS300 1 MTS310 Surge Reliable micasb MTS400 420 XSensorMTS400 mts400 XSensorMTS510 2 ME Surge Reliable Dot aoe MDA300 XSensorMDA300 mda300 MDA500 XSensorMDA500 mda500 As of 4 29 2004 Surge Reliable and Surge Reliable Dot and all the XSensor Series applications are not included in the main tinyos 1 x distribution These applications are on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM under Crossbow Software xbow zip Unzip this file while in the opt tinyos 1 x contrib directory The test and demo applications will appear under the contrib xbow apps directory Drivers will be located under contrib xbow tos sensorboards The latest test and demo applications can be downloaded from the TinyOS page at Sourceforge net under tinyos 1 x contrib xbow apps As of 4 29 2004 the drivers for these sensor boards MTS and data acquisition cards MDA are not included in the main tinyos 1 x distribution Drivers are on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM under Crossbow Software xbow lt version gt zip Unzip this file while in the tinyos 1 x contrib directory The drivers will appear under the tinyos 1 x contrib xbow tos sensorboards directory The latest drivers can be downloaded from the TinyOS page at Sourceforge net under tinyos 1 x contrib xbow tos sensorboards 8 1 Testing a Sensor or Data Acquisition Board To test a sensor
26. gh See the circuit below Table 2 1 Thermistor Specifications Type YSI 44006 Time Constant 10 seconds still air Base Resistance 10 kQ at 25 C Repeatability 0 2 C PW2 RT1 Themistor ADC5 R3 10 k 5 Gnd analog Figure 2 1 Thermistor Schematic Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 5 Wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Table 2 2 Resistance vs Temperature ADC5 Reading Temperature Resistance ADC5 Reading C Ohms of VCC 40 239 800 4 20 78 910 11 0 29 940 25 25 10 000 50 40 5592 64 60 2760 78 70 1990 83 Resistance RT1 Ohms 300 000 3 250 000 4 200 000 4 150 000 4 100 000 4 Temperature Deg C Figure 2 2 Resistance vs Temperature Graph 2 2 Conversion to Engineering Units The mote s ADC output can be converted to Kelvin using the following approximation over 0 to 50 C 1 T K a b x In Rinr c x MRT where Rinr RI ADC FS ADC ADC a 0 001010024 b 0 000242127 c 0 000000146 R1 10 kQ ADC FS 1023 and ADC output value from mote s ADC measurement 2 3 Light Sensor The light sensor is a CdSe photocell The maximum sensitivity of the photocell is at the light wavelength of 690 nm Typical on resistance while exposed to light is 2 kQ Typical off Page 6 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual wireless Sensor Networks resistance
27. hased from Campbell Scientific and LI COR Q Precision differential Rshunt a analog channels O Sensor LI 190SA Quantum Sensor LI 200SA Pyranometers LI 210SA Photometric Sensor Rshunt Rshunt 182 Q 0 1 Sample Code Record call Sample getSample 7 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 50 AVERAGE EIGHT Conversion Calibration Coefficient from factory CC 12 28 Ill in UA 1000umol sm ADC 6 1 Rshunt current HA L 1000 1 CC Light Intensity umol sm 182 Q 0 1 resistors from Mouser Electronics www mouser com part 66 RC55 D 182 In the sample code analog channel seven called each 60 second as example and it can be any of the channels 7 10 Note that calibration coefficient depends on individual sensor and is shipped via sensor Page 32 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual wireless Sensor Networks 7 MDA500CA 6 WARNING Never connect signals that are greater than VCC 3 V typical or less than 0 V to any of the holes that connect to the Mote Processor Radio board It is okay to connect different voltages to the non connected holes However be careful If a voltage out of the range of 0 VCC should reach the Mote Processor Radio Board damage will occur The MDA500 series sensor data acquisition provides a flexible user interface for connecting external signals to the MICA2DOT mote Figure 7 1 All of the major I O signals of the MICA2DOT mote are
28. heating which may lead to calibration error in measurement In the sample code channel one called as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 For air temperature a sun shield needed for maximum accuracy 6 3 2 Measurement of Humidity Humidity sensors are usually capacitive type Rfix Excitation o AM Single ended analog channel o A GND Sensor HumiRel HM1500 immersion OK with NTC temperature compensation Rfix 10Q Excitation 3 3 V Sample record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 33 Code DELAY BEFORE MEASUREMENT AVERAGE FOUR Conversion result int 3 9559e 6 adc adc 6 1797e 2 res 67 681 0 5 Can be purchased from DigiKey www digikey com HM1500 ND Only in beta release of the board to avoid oscillation of excitation with capacitive loads It can be purchased from DigiKey www digikey com 10 0XBK ND In the sample code channel one called as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 Delay before excitation is necessary in driving capacitive loads for sensor stability In 0 100 humidity Page 28 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks 6 3 3 Measurement of Soil Moisture Soil Moisture sensors are usually capacitive sensor EC 10 and EC 20 are particularly good at measurement of soil moisture in wet conditions In dry conditions it needs careful calibration for
29. l input GND Sensor Any motion detector with 5 V supply Sample Code record call Sample getSample 1 DIGITAL 3000 EVENT EXCITATION 50 Motion Detector result dig In the sample code channel one called as example and it can be any of the channels 0 5 RISING_EDGE or FALLING_EDGE can be set depending on the sensor The event happens asynchronously sampling time is irrelevant and the application can do the action accordingly Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 29 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 6 3 5 Rain Gauge Rain gauges are usually ON OFF connections Each connection represents certain amount of rain The cumulative value represents total amount of rain measured since installation Digital inputs have internal pull up resistors and the sensor can be directly connected to a digital channel Digital input GND Sensor Rain Collector from Davis Weather http www davisnet com weather Sample Code Record call Sample getSample 1 DIGITAL 3000 EEPROM TOTALIZER Rain Sensor from Davis result dig In the sample code channel one called as example and it can be any of the channels 0 5 In some rain sensor DEBOUNCER may be needed for some rain sensors Dig is the result of the event It can be used directly and it is hundred times rainfall per inch 6 3 6 Measurement of Leaf Wetness Leaf wetness sensors are resistive sensor
30. ma met gn T ANA sensor networks NM TAE VM yi av dili i Ni m i PG gt A MP d N A Crossbow aim HY Crossbow Technology Inc 4145 N First Street San ose CA 95134 T Tel 408 965 3300 Fax 408 3244840 Be ig Email info xbow com Website www xbow com O 2002 2005 Crossbow Technology Inc All rights reserved Information in this document is subject to change without notice Crossbow MICA TrueMesh and XMesh are registered trademarks of Crossbow Technology Inc Other product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Table of Contents wireless Sensor Networks TE Me 4 2 MISINCA r EG 5 Ziel AA br ANOR ES 5 2 2 Conversion to Engineering Units sess ener nnn 6 2 3 Light Sensores ern ee tere KG ears Cete erede nee un Hoe Eae Pe Eres eps Sod 6 2 4 Prototyping ATE an e ee Deere E RR ERRARE CO RE EAR Ere HARE TUR EORR EORR Reo 7 2 5 TinyOS Software Drivers essen ener enne trente tener enenne nene 8 3 MTS300CA MTS310CA aka 9 3 1 Microphones AO 9 S d 10 3 3 Lightand Teriperature iuinaunavnmenuansnadteannruiemeketdghetnasnuidte 10 3 4 2 Axis Accelerometer MTS310CA Only sse 11 3 5 Two Axis Magnetometer MTS310CA Only essen 11 3 6 Turning Sensors On
31. nalog channel GND 9 Sensor MPXA6115A from Motorola Rd 270 kQ 1 Yo Excitation 2 5V Sample Code record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 50 DELAY BEFORE MEASUREMENT Conversion II ADC is 1 2 chip Vout Result is in mBar 10 Sensor output PmBar Vo Vs 1111 11 105 555 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 31 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual result int float adc 4096 11111 1 1055 55 0 5 It can be purchased from Digikey http www digikey com P270KBBCT ND In the sample code analog channel one called each 60 second as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 6 3 9 Radiation Sensors Radiation sensors are very important for environmental studies They mainly include Quantum Sensors for measuring PAR in the 400 to 700 nm waveband and are available in terrestrial and underwater configurations LI COR Pyranometer Sensors measure solar radiation received from a whole hemisphere They are suitable for measuring global sun plus sky radiation LI COR s Photometric Sensors measure illumination in terms of lux 1 foot candle 10 764 lux This is radiation as the human eye sees it They all can be connected to the board using a shunt resistance The Rspunt resistance should be very precise for maximum accuracy In addition each sensor has a separate calibration factor that is shipped from the company All these radiation sensors can be purc
32. nsors on control signals are issued to the power switches Table 3 3 below lists the control settings Table 3 3 Control Settings for the Sounder and Sensors Sensor Actuator Control Signal Sounder PW2 Microphone PW3 Accelerometer PW4 Magnetometer PW5 Temperature RT2 INT2 Photocell R2 INT1 4 NOTE Only one of the INT1 and INT2 signals should be activated at a time See Section 3 3 3 7 TinyOS Software Drivers A driver a mesh network demonstration firmware for the MTS300 310 and a graphical user interface to view the data on a PC is available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM See Chapter 8 for details Page 12 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual wireless Sensor Networks 3 8 Schematics of the MTS300CA and MTS310CA Connector Top ea vo IB Na and analog ce PAC Pa 27 UART RXDO VDD ANALOG 2 Ping g Pin 27 28 UART TXDO INTS 3 Pin2 Pin 28 59 pwo INTZ 4 Pin3 Pin29 30 pwi INTT Bene Rinso por pure INTO 1205 PA T PAY DC BOOST SHUTDOWN Ping Pin 32 33 pwa LEDS gear Pindd 34 PWS LED2 gjene Pin34 35 pwe LED1 Fo Ping Pin35 35 ADCT RD 47 Pinto Pin 36 37 ADCS WR 12 Pin1i Pin37 38 ADOS ALE 15 Pin12 Pin38 39 ADCK PWT 14 Pin 18 Pin 39 25 Apes FLASH GIK 15 Pin 14 ENO T aper PROG MOSI SPI 16 bin 15 Pin
33. on from pressure and temperature to digital units Table 4 2 Summary of the Intersema MS55ER s Specifications Sensor Type Intersema MS5534 Channels Pressure and Temperature Range Pressure 300 to 110 mbar Temperature 10 C to 60 C Accuracy Pressure 3 5 Temperature 2 C Operating Range 3 6 to 2 2 volts Interface Digital interface 4 3 Light Sensor The TLS2550 is a digital light sensor with a two wire SMBus serial interface It is manufactured by TAOS Inc http www taosinc com It combines two photodiodes and a companding analog to digital converter on a single CMOS integrated circuit to provide light measurements over an effective 12 bit dynamic range Table 4 3 has a summary of the sensor s specifications Table 4 3 Summary of TAOS TSL2550 s Specifications Sensor Type Taos TSL2550 Channels Light Range 400 1000 nm Operating Range 3 6 to 2 7 volts Interface Digital interface This sensor s power is enabled through a programmable switch The control interface signals are also enabled through a programmable switch An analog to digital converter in the sensor does the conversion from light to digital units Page 18 Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 4 4 2 Axis Accelerometer The accelerometer is a MEMS surface micro machined 2 axis 2 g device It features very low current draw lt 1mA The
34. oneywell HMC1002 Magnetometer Analog Devices ADXL202JE Accelerometer Figure 3 1 a MTS300CA and b MTS310CA with the accelerometer and magnetometer highlighted 3 1 Microphone The microphone circuit has two principal uses First is for acoustic ranging and second is for general acoustic recording and measurement The basic circuit consists of a pre amplifier U1A 1 second stage amplified with a digital pot control U1A PT2 This circuit amplifies the low level microphone output This output can be fed directly into the analog digital converter ADC2 by using the Microphone Output selector circuit MX1 to connect mic out signal to ADC2 signal This configuration is useful for general acoustic recording and measurement Audio files have been recorded into the Logger Flash memory of MICA MICA2 Motes for later download and entertainment or analysis The second stage output mic out is routed thru an active filter U2 and then into a tone detector TD1 The LM567 CMOS Tone Detector IC actually turns the analog microphone signal into a digital high or low level output at INT3 when a 4 kHz tone is present The Sounder circuit on the sensor board can generate this tone A novel application of the sounder and tone detector is acoustic ranging In this application a mote pulses the sounder and sends an RF packet via radio at the same time A second mote listens for the RF packet and notes the time of arrival by resetting a tim
35. or data acquisition board the appropriate test or demo firmware needs to be built and then loaded into a Mote Then the sensor or data acquisition board would then be attached to the Mote Finally the data from it could then be displayed on a text user interface called XListen All the details for doing this are in our Wireless Sensor Networks Getting Started Guide Chapter 5 Page 34 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks 9 Appendix D Warranty and Support I nformation 9 1 Customer Service As a Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services which include e Single point return service e Web based support service e Same day troubleshooting assistance e Worldwide Crossbow representation e Onsite and factory training available e Preventative maintenance and repair programs e Installation assistance available 9 2 Contact Directory United States Phone 1 408 965 3300 8 AM to 5 PM PST Fax 1 408 324 4840 24 hours Email techsupport xbow com Non U S refer to website www xbow com 9 3 Return Procedure 9 3 1 Authorization Before returning any equipment please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material Authorization number RMA Be ready to provide the following information when requesting a RMA e Name e Address e Telephone Fax Email e Equipment Model Number e Equipment Serial Number e Installation Date e Failure Date
36. orded into the Logger Flash memory of MICA MICA2 Motes for later download and entertainment or analysis 5 2 Light As on the MTS101CA the MTS510CA has a light sensor The light sensor is a simple CdSe photocell The maximum sensitivity of the photocell is at the light wavelength of 690 nm Typical on resistance while exposed to light is 2 kO Typical off resistance while in dark conditions is 520 kQ In order to use the light sensor digital control signal PWO must be turned on The output of the sensor is connected to the analog digital converter channel 7 ADC7 When there is light the nominal circuit output is near VCC or full scale and when it is dark the nominal output is near GND or zero 5 3 2 Axis Accelerometer The accelerometer is a MEMS surface micro machined 2 axis 2 g device It features very low current draw lt 1mA and 10 bit resolution The sensor can be used for tilt detection movement vibration and or seismic measurement Power is controlled to the accelerometer by setting signal PWO and the analog data is sampled on ADC3 and ADC4 The accelerometer located at U2 is the ADXL202JE and the full datasheet is available at http www analog com A summary of specification is provided in Table 3 2 below for reference Page 22 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual wireless Sensor Networks Table 5 1 Summary of ADXL202JE Specifications Channels X AD
37. ou have downloaded the pdf schematic of the Rene basic sensor board from UC Berkeley you will see that the A D channels appear in reverse order This is due to a difference in wiring between the original Rene Mote and the MICA MICA2 family of motes 6 WARNING Never connect signals that are greater than VCC 3V typical or less than 0 V to any of the holes that connect to the Mote Processor Radio board It is okay to connect different voltages to the non connected holes However be careful If a voltage out of the range of 0 to VCC should reach the Mote Processor Radio Board damage will occur 2 5 TinyOS Software Drivers A driver a demonstration firmware for the MTS101 and a graphical user interface to view the data on a PC is available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM See Chapter 8 for details Page 8 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual Wireless Sensor Networks 3 MTS300CA MTS310CA The MTS300CA Figure 3 1a and MTS310CA Figure 3 1b are flexible sensor boards with a variety of sensing modalities These modalities can be exploited in developing sensor networks for a variety of applications including vehicle detection low performance seismic sensing movement acoustic ranging robotics and other applications The following section of the User s Manual describes the sensor circuits and general application Please refer to the schematic diagram at end of section for exact circuit details H
38. r differential analog channel 11 positive side Single ended analog channel 1 or A1 or A11 differential analog channel 11 negative side Single ended analog channel 2 or differential analog channel 12 positive side Single ended analog channel 3 or AO or A11 A2 or A12 pig NO LINA AS or A12 differential analog channel 12 negative side GND CLK Single ended analog channel 4 or pedi 2 SEN A4 or A3 differential analog channel 13 positive side pong vcc A5 or A13 Single ended analog channel 5 or pra E bo differential analog channel 13 negative side GND GND A6 Single ended analog channel 6 parad ES A7 A7 Differential analog channels 7 E2 5 O GND A8 A8 Differential analog channels 8 a RR A9 A9 Differential analog channels 9 A4 D4 A10 A10 Differential analog channels 10 mal 1a er DATA I2C Data as LJ Qn CLK I2C Clock E33 2 RA DO D6 Digital Lines DO to D6 A1 RET C Counter Channel AO Ol DIE LED1 RED LED LED2 GREEN LED E5 0 5 0 V excitation E3 3 3 3 V excitation E2 5 2 5 V excitation Vcc Vcc of the Mote RL1 Relay one sides Normally Open RL2 Relay two sides Normally Closed Figure 6 2 Pin configuration and assignments of the MDA300CA Single Ended Analog Operation Channels A0 to A6 4 NOTE These channels are shared with differential channels A1 1 A13
39. re is an internal sensor for temperature and humidity This can be used for monitoring the health of the system It can also be used for cold junction compensation in thermocouple measurement applications The voltage of the device also can be read using the MICA s internal monitor to have lifetime information Relay Channels There are two relay channels that can be used for actuation of external phenomena Both relays are optical solid state for maximum isolation and minimum power consumption One relay is normally open and the other one is normally closed External Sensors Excitation There are three excitation voltages 5 0 V 3 3 V and 2 5 V available for exciting external sensors They can be used for turning on active external sensors or they can be used in half bridge or full bridge sensors such as strain gauge force or pressure measurement LEDs LED signals are brought out for applications that use motes inside enclosures and want to bring the LEDs to the case Power Supply VCC It can be used for an external battery attachment 6 2 TinyOS Driver and Test Firmware A driver a test firmware for the MDA300 and a text user interface to view save the data on a PC is available on the TinyOS Support Tools CDROM See Chapter 8 for details Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 27 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 6 3 Example Applications 6 3 1 Measurement of External Temperature air soil wat
40. s listed in Table 0 1 to help you distinguish between names of files commands to be typed and output coming from the computer Table 0 1 Font types used in this document Font Type Usage Courier New Normal Sample code and screen output Courier New Bold Commands to be typed by the user Times New Roman Italic TinyOS files names directory names Franklin Medium Condensed Text labels in GUIs Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 3 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 1 Introduction The MTS series of sensor boards and MDA series of sensor data acquisition boards are designed to interface with Crossbow s MICA MICA2 and MICA2DOT family of wireless motes There are a variety of sensor boards available and the sensor boards are specific to the MICA MICA2 board or the MICA2DOT form factor The sensor boards allow for a range of different sensing modalities as well as interface to external sensor via prototyping areas or screw terminals The following table lists the currently available sensor boards for each mote family Table 1 1 Crossbow s Sensor and Data Acquisition Boards Crossbow Part Motes Chapter Name Supported Sensors and Features 2 MTS101CA MICA MICA2 Light temperature prototyping area MTS300CA MICA MICA2 Light temperature microphone and buzzer 3 MTS310CA MICA MICA2 Light temperature microphone buzzer 2 axis accelerometer
41. s that change their resistance based on the wetness they experience The end result is usually a discrete value between 0 to 10 or 0 to 15 depending on the model Rfix Excitation c M GND Sensor Leaf wetness from Davis Weather http www davisnet com weather Rfix 510 kO 0 1 96 Excitation 25V Sample Code Record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 25 Conversion conv float adc 2 5 4096 result int 10 conv 1 66 0 51 1 66 0 5 result result gt 10 10 result lt 0 0 result The output is resistance to ground gt 1Meg dry lt 130K wet So Dry is gt 1 66V Wet is lt 0 51V It can be purchased from Digikey www digikey com P510KBBCT ND In the sample code channel one called each 60 second as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 Page 30 Doc amp 7430 0020 03 Rev B MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual S wireless Sensor Networks 6 3 7 Wind Speed Average and Gust and Wind Direction Wind speed anemometers measure the number of wind speed pulses per second and translates them into gust wind and average wind speed Wind direction measures a rotational potentiometer resistance and converts that value to an offset from north Wind speed Excitation 1 CES Wind direction T GND Sensor Wind Speed and Direction Sensors 034B set from Campbell Scientific http www campbellsci com OR Wind Speed and Direction Sensors from Davis Wea
42. specific soil type Also in the presence of contamination it may need extra calibration Consult the manufacturer for further information Rfix Excitation o AM AN Single ended analog channel 5 7 GND Vv Sensor Decagon Echo ECHO10 and EC 20 http www decagon com Rfix 100 Excitation 2 5V Sample Code record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION 33 DELAY BEFORE MEASUREMENT AVERAGE FOUR Conversion ECHO 10 Conv float adc 2 5 4096 Conversion result int 100 0 000936 conv 1000 0 376 0 5 ECHO 20 Conv float adc 2 5 4096 result int 100 0 000695 conv 1000 0 29 0 5 Only in beta release of the board to avoid oscillation of excitation with capacitive loads It can be purchased from Digikey www digikey com 10 0XBK ND In the sample code channel one called as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 Delay before excitation is necessary in driving capacitive loads for sensor stability Result is volumetric water content According to Manual Theta 0 000936 mVout 0 376 where Theta is the volumetric water content fraction 1 100 6 3 4 Motion Detector Motion detectors can be switched to the ON state using one of the excitations Motion detectors expect an event to happen when they observe a moving object These sensors usually have normally open or normally closed output Excitation Digita
43. ther http www davisnet com weather Excitation 2 5V Sample record call Sample getSample 1 ANALOG 600 EXCITATION_25 Code record call Sample getSample 1 COUNTER 20 RESET ZERO AFTER READ Conversion KPH freq 3 62 We count for 30 seconds 1 10 KPH Davis Set II KPH freq 2 1 810 We count for 2 seconds KPH II Linear voltage to angle OV North 4 degree dead zone gust int float counter 1 81 0 5 wind int float counter 3 62 3 0 5 direction int float adc 356 0 4096 0 5 Conversion KPH freq 2 879 We count for 30 seconds 1 10 KPH Campbell II KPH freq 2 1 4395 We count for 2 seconds Scientific Linear V to Angle 1 2 excitation gust int float val 1 4395 0 5 wind int float val 2 879 3 0 5 direction int float val 356 0 2048 0 5 In the sample code analog channel one called each 60 second as example and it can be any of the channels 0 6 and counter channel is called for 2 second for gust wind and it is averaged for 30 second for wind speed The addition of the values that are read in the 2 second interval for 15 times to measure the 30 second period should be done in the application software 6 3 8 Measurement of Pressure Pressure can be measured with any analog pressure sensor An example of that is an MPXA6115A series manifold absolute pressure sensor from Motorola http e www motorola com Excitation Single ended a
44. tive and can measure the Earth s field and other small magnetic fields A useful application is vehicle detection Successful test have detected disturbances from automobiles at a radius of 15 feet The sensor is the Honeywell HMC1002 sensor A detailed specification sheet is found at http www ssec honeywell com The output of each axis X Y is amplified by an instrumentation amplifier U6 U7 The amplified output is available at ADC5 and ADC6 Power is controlled to the magnetometers by setting signal PW5 Each instrumentation amplifier U6 U7 can be tuned using the digital potentiometer PT1 that is controlled via the I2C bus 6 WARNING The NiFe core of the magnetic sensor is extremely sensitive However it is also subject to saturation Saturation occurs when the sensor is exposed to a large magnetic field Unfortunately the MTS310 circuit does not have an automatic saturation recovery circuit set reset This limitation prevents the magnetometer from being useful in applications requiring DC response for example compassing There are four pads label S R Set Reset available on the PCB for adding an external set reset circuit Doc 7430 0020 03 Rev B Page 11 wireless Sensor Networks MTS MDA Sensor Board User s Manual 3 6 Turning Sensors On and Off All of the sensors have a power control circuit The default condition for the sensor is off This design helps minimize power draw by the sensor board In order to turn se
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