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Advanced Programmable Calculator (APCalc)

1. 13 Exaimple 3 Single Ime programs e ADR bu e Oe OH EO AER IEEE LR RD is nu cnet 13 Example 4 Multiple line pro prams eu debite ep 13 Example 5 Subroutme 7 Jump Examples on Rte e tuentur UII LEUR pedum 14 Executing APCalc oce Dee tb titt oce iie ite to Uis en Dare 15 Editing DU Doe Ub ERG bi mto iie 15 APCale Programming to ile oto tet on towed en etc boi ten Died 15 Base CONVELSLONS xc en Er en ERR ire et ro Eit etit itte i puri e en Re Dd pto ERREUR 17 Base Conversion Key Group Definitions 17 Fixed Point Caleulations Conversions eere Uptime EE SEE baee imc Disease tutte eaten dpud rn 18 Example 6 To convert 3FF from HEX to DEC you would enter the following eee 18 Mixed Fixed Point and Floating Point operations using the operator and the Equal key 19 Example 7 Using base operator sse eie ede ep d Rer herbe Sepe bua 19 Example 8 Mixing bases 118 DEC HEX 101010 BINARY and display as a HEX 19 Financial ProPr tmns t rr PR e eec De er EP ede dr Poser a eere 21 Financial Key Group Definition reete rei Ine et ER LE ERR nte rp Po SRL eee ee ee
2. This may seem awkward at first but I think you will find this very useful and provides great deal of flexibility when dealing with math operations on mixed fixed point numbers Note If you type FE3 what you think is a HEX number and tap APCalcz APCalc will think this is a variable You must use the operator if you wish to use the basic calculator with fixed point numbers 19 of 45 This mode is limited to Fixed Point Numbers 1e53 1 That is the highest fixed point number that can be accurately represented by the floating point format used by the OS 20 of 45 Financial Programs The example demonstrates the use of the built in Time Value of Money functions Financial Key Group Definition Beg tap if payment is at the beginning of the month Met Present value End tap if payment is at the end of the month T 1513841245 B DR Discount Rate used with Net Present Value functions ET Exe jean Cash Flow input used with Net Present Value functions NPV Net Present Value calculates NPV given CF inputs IRR Internal Rate of Return calculates IRR given CF inputs NP enter or calculate the total number of payments to be made IR enter or calculate the periodic interest rate 1 7 5 is entered as 7 5 12 if the period is monthly PV enter or calculate the present value of a loan FV enter or calculate the future value of a loan PMT enter or calculate the periodic payment of a
3. with a previously calculated expression you will see no change to the display since it has been calculated with previous variable values Using functions in an expression Using functions is very similar to using variables Functions may be written into expression selected from the function list f tab or directly accessed via the Function Keys To enter the equation x radius cos angle you could enter x radius then select cos from the popup function list You will notice that the insertion point is positioned within the parenthesis You then write in angle or select it from the variable popup if it already exists from a previous calculation You would finish the calculation by tapping the key 10 of 45 Function Key Groups Another way of using functions is by directly accessing them via the predefined Function Key Groups Tap the Key Group icon to the right of the Answer field Userkeys1 and see a screen similar to the one to the right Tap Trig Sci to select scientific Geren functions This will set the Function Keys to their scientific assignments Tapping these any of these keys will insert that specific function into the expression field This screen shows the default Key Group names Key Groups UserKeysl Subroutine2 can be renamed to anything you require The last four Trig Sci Misc Hypr TVM and Basel Base2 are pre defined APCalc funct
4. 21 Example 9 TVM programs NP IR FV PMT BEG 21 NPV Calculations Pto RU tr etre derer tle e eerie RE 22 IRR Calculations ette Rr bp np toe Bere etie Lanes ER bates 23 Statistical Functions 23 Matrix Operations reir tcr rop OP ae enr Eee eo D I ERE tet 25 Simp ashes 25 Manual Graphing of equation ss eret rte ee tpi Er REESE EUR EE 25 Graphing using ac program anak 26 Import Export Functions ete aene HERO RUP RU EIU M UR CREDE OR es 27 Loads iei UU PO OHIO eU AUTO IA OM 27 Import Export onec Uno pO EM eU ed uina ea ata 28 cb eu ge eq HOD ORC aai e UOI 29 Import Export Limitations Using 29 Editing APCalc programs in 29 5 MERE LI ECRIRE 32 Limitations Unregistered 05 eo ese sn 32 Registration oe ne Ue Hed ee eee diag aes ee ae 32 Appendix A License o ee Deoa e e eta ee Oeo totes ate Hoe i de ete 33 Appendix B Functions amp Operators eene nennen 34 Constants erroe OE icit be ERE E te retire desea 42 Specia Keys itt eit petet it ated
5. QEd APCalc Programming Tips 1 One of the first things I do is create dummy programs for all 108 locations The dummy programs are nothing more than a comment That way I can just select the program I want to edit and avoid having to move programs around dummy disp not programmed 2 Using vars at the beginning of a program will clear the variable and force its prompting if that variable appears later in the program If it used at the end of a program it will remove the variable from the variable popup list You can use this to remove internal variables from the popup list 3 Using var prompts immediately for a variable input This does not delete the variable first The result is that if the variable already exists its place in the variable popup list will not change If it does not exist one will be created and placed at the top of the list Use this to control the order of prompting of variables in a program or equation var can also be used within an expression i e z x y 15 of 45 4 5 7 The purpose of expr 1 is to grab a pending expression from the input field There are two cases where you may wish to do this You can use this to have a program be dual function store a value calculate a result a Casel to grab input at beginning of program The expr 1 function should be the first instruction If it is not the first instruction the Prefs Display Instructions set to YES can change t
6. gaxis xMin xMax yMin yMax step Return type double sets the grid spacing x and y for a function This does nothing to specify the visual part of the axis It is only used to scale the window and the function ranges The last parameter is the value to use in stepping from xMin to xMax 36 of 45 gcls screen Return type double clears graphic area If screen is O it will clear the entire screen if 1 it will clear the current gwin area gcolor rfg gfg bfg rbg gbg bbg Return type double Sets the foreground and background colors that are used in other functions r g b red green blue fg foreground bg background gerr intReportErrors Return type double Reports error popup during graphing if intReportErrors 0 Reports errors if intReportErrors 0 gline x1 y1 x2 y2 Return type double draw line from x1 y1 to x2 y2 gplot equation variable drawAxis drawConnected Return type double use this function to pass a function to graph to the graphing program You can specify an independant varialbe other than x by using the second parameter For instance plot sin theta theta drawAxis 1 to draw 0 no draw drawConnected 1 draws between points drawConnected 0 draws only points gprt x y string Return type double prints a string at coordinates gprt x y val decimalPlaces Return type double prints a value at coordinates x y using decimalPlaces as the number of
7. APCalc Select Menu Import to bring up the import export screen When the import export screen is displayed you will see two lists The list on the left contains all the program groups in APCalc database As you tap any of the groups you will see the individual programs displayed on the two rows of function keys at the top of the screen The list on the right is titled MemoDB and displays up to 108 program groups in the selected category Load If you wish to load a program for editing simply go to the Load Import screen and check Load followed by the Group and then the program on a particular button You will be returned to the main screen where you can execute the program with the R S button or edit it with the QEd button 27 of 45 Import Export Import Export provides backup of APCalc programs to MemoPad Programs can be transferred to from and edited on PC desktop computer using any software that will allow creation of MemoPad files The format of the group files in MemoPad must conform to a specific file format which is shown below These programs can be imported into APCalc This capability also allows programs to be directly created within MemoPad and imported into APCalc There are some limitations that you should be aware of when using MemoPad see limitations at end of section Importing is accomplished by importing entire groups Groups may contain from 1 to 12 programs The programs within each group file overwrite or ov
8. in the status area Tapping R S can be used to break out of an infinite loop in a program 7 of 45 Enter Key Functions like the key any calculator Tap this key to evaluate expression in the expression field Graffiti handwriting recognition APCalc accepts input from the Graffiti amp writing area Graffiti characters are indicated in this area Functions Tap this trigger and display a list of functions available for use in expressions A few functions will be missing from this list because they have no use at the calculator level outside of a program Use the popup scroll button to navigate to the function of your choice Tap that function and it will be inserted into the current expression Variables Tap this button and display the last 30 variables available for use in expressions Use the popup scroll button to navigate to the variables of your choice Tap the variable name and it will be inserted into the current expression Tapping the right list will allow editing the variable data When the list reaches 30 variables new variables are added to the list the oldest will be deleted Variables are displayed in the order they were created Variables consist of alpha numeric and with a maximum length of 20 characters Registers Tap this button to display a list of built in registers Tap the register name and it will be inserted into the current expression Tapping the
9. you should enter the Key that you received with You must submit User Mame your confirmation into the Key field and tap Register User field and Reg Code or Reg Code to register fields cannot be changed Once the key has been recognized as valid you will see Liser Mike Ds the Unregistered at the top of the screen change to Registered and a popup screen that says Thank You Successful registration will remove this screen from being displayed each time APCalc is started Alternatively you can tap Test Drive without entering a Key to use APCalc in its demonstration mode subject to the limitations of the demo version of APCalc Demo mode limits the size and number of programs as well as the number of Function Keys If you have already registered use Test Drive to exit the screen You will then see a screen like the one to the right This is how APCalc looks with no saved programs The Init is just an initial blank program that is created as the first program name You may tap Init button followed by to begin editing this program Programming will be covered later in this document Quick Look The following information should get you familiar with APCalc The purpose of this document is to show you how to use APCalc and its functions It is not aimed at teaching you how to program in general I will handle on a case by case basis any specific questions on how to do spe
10. 100 73 APCalc 27 MathLib minimum others to be added Program Steps 64 steps Expression Length 64 chars 3 lines Zoom Font Storage Registers 100 Variables 30 total History Buffer 32 expressions User Keys 108 First 12 programs available on User 1 Function Keys Second group of 12 programs are on User 2 Function Keys Third group of 12 programs are on User 3 Function Keys Forth group of 12 programs are on User 4 Function Keys Fifth group of 12 programs are on User 5 Function Keys Etc All the Function Key Groups can be renamed Limitations Unregistered Users Programs 3 Program steps 6 User Function Keys 3 Cannot Save New programs Registration In order to have full use of all features of APCalc registration is necessary You Unregistered can register by following the instructions the registration screen You access ot www palragear com www handanga com registration screen with Menu Info How To Register You must submit User Marne If you have registered APCalc you should enter the Key that you received with or Reg Code to register your confirmation into the Key field and tap Register User field and Reg Code User Mike Davis fields cannot be changed Once the key has been recognized as valid you will see the Unregistered at the top of the screen change to Registered and a popup screen that says Thank You You will not be able to enter the key again once you have successfully re
11. b h and press APCalc You will be prompted for base and height if these variables do not already exist TO 7 Prompting for variables occurs automatically the first time the variable is voy bat encountered Simply enter the value for the variable and tap Ok Calculation will DODOBO continue until complete The result of the calculation will be displayed in the Ans TY area next to the Key Group button using a variable followed by will force prompting of a variable 9 of 45 Once calculation is complete you can review the variable values by tapping the Variables V tab at the right of the screen This list of variables will contain the last 30 variables used in all calculations Tapping on any variable will pop that variable SST into the expression field For instance to calculate the area of a rectangle 23 23000000 i 35 30000000 base height using the same values and only the variable popup and the operator you could tap base height APCalc To delete a specific variable like base just enter base without a value followed by the JAPCalc key This would delete base and removes it from the variable popup list Or check Del and tap variable name You may also assign the value of an expression to another variable For instance you could have calculated these two areas and assigned it
12. cosine of dblAngle as a floating point value The dblAngle specified is in degrees or radians depending on the current Trig Mode di intValue Return type double Set Display Instructions preference 0 don t display instructions 1 display instructions 0 and 1 return the last calculated value returns current setting 1 returns the current setting disp strLabel Return type double Display a strLabel to the expression field Returns the last calculated value Ans 35 of 45 dm intValue Return type double Set Display Mode preference 0 Fixed Scientific 2 Engineering 0 and 1 return the last calculated value 1 returns the current setting dp intValue Return type double Set Display Mode preference 0 8 as an input sets the number of decimal places 0 to 8 return the last calculated value 1 returns the current decimal point preference end 1 Return type double Immediately stops program execution at this instruction exp dblValue Return type double Calculates exponential of x e expr 1 Return type double Returns the numeric value of the expression in the input field Use this as the first instruction to grab pending data Us in the middle of a program after a wait prompt to return the value of a newly input value expression You should use iff pflag label to test for the existence of pending data before using it See pend 1 fabs dblIValue Return type double Return the absolu
13. expression Tapping any history entry pops that expression to the expression field The history buffer is maintained between sessions of APCalc Insertion Point The insertion point is a blinking cursor that shows where new text will be entered or the point at which text will be deleted using the Backspace key You can change the insertion point by simply tapping anywhere within the expression Basic APCalc Operation Basic calculations consist of entering expressions in the expression field followed by tapping the APCalc key Expressions are entered just as you would write them on paper and may consist of a sequence of signs numbers constants variables functions operators and parenthesis Expressions are evaluated each time the APCalc key is pressed The following are examples of what simple expressions might look like in the expression field of APCalc 8 of 45 Input Expression Result 25 56 10 1000 APCalc 11 400 00000000 1 2 32 2 2 APCalc 64 00000000 24 23 3 4 15 16 APCalc 137 00000000 x t y 5 z x y OR prompt for t and display 5 whatever was input See the x t x2 iff x 0 end operator for repeat operations Note implies that the APCalc key is to be tapped rather than writing APCalc into the display The number significant decimal digits displayed may vary depending on the previous
14. false is not important e Return type couble same as exp 1 NOTE you cannot have a variable named e If you do you will get an error since you cannot assign any value to this constant Ans Return type double Last calculated value FAns Return type integer Last fixed point value Special Keys Return type Changes the sign of whatever is in the expression window Example if sin x cos y is in the expression field tapping changes the input to sin x cos y To change the sign of an individual value or variable just use the sign 1 x Return type N A Computes the reciprocal of whatever is in the expression field That is if sin x is in the expression field and you tap 1 you will see 1 sin x Operators tS 5l Return type double Basic 4 function operators Return type double Base conversion operator Ans is expressed as the result of XX Y YYY where Y Y is evaluated in base XX with the answer displayed in the current ToBase See base conversion section 96 Return type double Remainder operator Returns the remainder of an division in the form of 90 where the remainder XX divided by is the decimal part of the result Return type double Computes the factorial of the number it is appended to n is equivalent to fact n Return type N A This is actually a line terminator rather than an operator Repeats a multiple instruction line The must appear after E
15. greatly simplifies branching using the ask function or other ways that depend on an index 14 of 45 Executing APCalc Programs programs that are loaded into APCalc are assigned to one of the Function Keys Simply tap that key to execute the program When a program is executed it is also loaded into the program space and can be edited via the QEd button Once a program is loaded into the program space it can also be executed using R S That s about all there is to creating and running a program APCalc Editing Tips Graffiti amp command stroke APCalc uses Graffiti command strokes just like any other application There are however a few strokes that are very useful to APCalc These include Move cursor one char right right left right Move cursor one char left left right right Delete last entry char left stroke key upper right to lower left Select All S selects the entire expression Copy with nothing selected Copies Ans to the clipboard Tap Selecting Text I have added the ability to select within matching parenthesis This is a multi tap selection Tap once Sets the insertion point Tap twice Selects a word or number Tap again Selects all text within matching parenthesis And so on If there are no matching parenthesis all remaining text is selected This feature works on expression field on calculator Full Screen Program Edit mode and Instruction Edit Mode
16. loan Payments are negative while cash received is positive CLF Clears financial parameters To use these programs make sure RVARS is UNCHECKED Assume a 150 000 loan at 696 for 30 years and you wish to know the monthly payments with payments made at the beginning of the month What is the monthly payment Number of payments 360 enter 360 and tap Yearly Interest 6 596 enter 6 5 12 and tap IR Present Value 150 000 enter 150000 and tap Future Value 0 enter 0 and tap Pmt at beginning of mo tap Beg Payment tap PMT to calculate 942 99 The result will show payments of 942 99 Remember payments to you are positive and payments from you are negative So when entering PV and FV the values are positive and your monthly payment is negative To see what the payment would be if the interest was 6 instead of 6 5 just enter 6 12 and tap IR followed by tapping PMT and see that the new payment is 894 85 If the payment was at the end of the month just tap End followed by PMT and see 899 33 Example 9 TVM programs NP IR PV FV PMT BEG END While the TVM programs are built into APCalc the following examples show how APCalc can be used to create specialized programs to perform just about any task you have The example below was developed to fit on one Key Group but you can assign the programs to any keys you like These example programs require APC
17. program This program will display a popup that offers a choice of F to C or C to F Select 1 to convert from F to C or 2 to convert from C to F Temp Convert clears F forces prompt of F clears C forces prompt of C in 1 FtoC 2 CtoF prompts for choice sto 1 saves choice iff rcl 1 1 CtoF tests for choice 2 F 32 5 9 executed if choice was 1 wait C displays C label jmp done to done CtoF 9 5 32 calculates F wait F 7 displays F label done done comment Example 3 Single line programs The User Keys have two modes For multi line programs the program is loaded and executed as soon as the User Key is tapped For single line programs the key must be pressed before the expression is executed This second mode is to allow you to store constants or single line expressions for inclusion in other expressions Any single line expression can be executed immediately simply by adding a comment line as the first line thereby making it a multi line program To assign a User Key to perform a sin function exactly like the sin on the Trig Sci group you would create a single line program like sin as the only instruction Assign it a name of say sin sin would then be assigned the next available User Key When that key is tapped sin will be inserted at the insertion point in the expression APCalc would be required to evaluate
18. right list will allow editing the tapped register Backspace Tapping this key will delete the character to the left of the Insertion Point Backspace will also set the pending data flag pflag Expression Result Result of expressions are displayed in this area left of Key Groups whenever the APCalc is tapped Every function will return a value Expressions like Clear History Clh 1 will return the last calculated value Ans Tapping the Ans field will pop the result into the Expr field Note Ans variable uses the full precision of the previous result while tapping the Ans field will only use the displayed value i e truncated to displayed precision Key Groups Tap this icon to display a list of Function Key Groups Select the desired group to assign Function Keys Note Base 2 cannot be accessed via the Function Key Popup it is an extension of Basel and is accessed via Basel Fixed Mode Status This status will be F for any base other than 10 This is to remind you that you are not in the base 10 output format You can use base 10 as an expression to return to base 10 or you can go to the base function key group and set it there Since the Base settings are remembered you can use this status when returning from a previous session History Popup Tap this button to display the last 32 unique expressions This can be used for repeat calculation ofarecent
19. the expression Note Because of limited number of programs and Function Keys single line behavior is not available in unregistered versions Single line programs behave just like multiple line programs in unregistered versions Example 4 Multiple line programs To assign a User Key to perform a clv 1 function and execute immediately by tapping the User Key you could create a multi line program like begin 1 1 as the program Assign it a name of say clv clv would then be assigned the next available User Key When that key is tapped clv program would be executed immediately 13 of 45 Example 5 Subroutine Jump Examples The four programs below illustrate the use of call prog function as well as one use of the ask prompt function Also you will see an example of out prompt expr Program 1 PG1 calls program 2 Sub2 to initialize two variables then the program returns to program 1 to calculate Following that calculation program calls program 3 Sub3 to calculate x y Program 3 then calls program 4 to calculate x y x y Finally the programs return back through 3 to program 1 Names are not part of the programs while APCalc PG1 Sub2 1 5 2 A5 25 x 45 call Sub2 y 25 x y disp Sub2 init 45 y 25 out PGl ask Continue call Sub3 100 disp PGl End 100 ask Continue Sub3 Sub4 Sub3 Sub4 ou
20. the number of payment periods of a time value of money calculation intIR is entered as the periodic interest rate of the loan is the future value dbIPMT is the amount of the payment use for payment and for cash received dblPV is the present value of the loan intPT is zero for payments at end of the month and 1 for payments at the beginning of the month nPr intN intR Return type integer Returns permutations of intN objects taken intR at a time Where intN and intR are integer Order matters or intVall intVal2 Return type integer Returns the binary oring of intVall and intVal2 intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 out strLabel dbIExpr Return type double Display a strLabel in the expr field and a value in the answer field Similar to disp except that it displays label and value even when the display instructions is set to no in preferences dblExpr can be any expression that returns a value Returns dblExpr pend 1 Return type integer Similar to expr 1 except that it returns the pending data at the time the program was first executed regardless of where it is used within a program 39 of 45 pmt intNP dblIR dbIFV dbIPV intPT Return type integer This function performs two functions If there is new data input the value is stored internally in the pmt variable If
21. 0105 number cols 0to5 row index 0to4 col index 0to4 These functions include InitMatrix mtxi matrix row col start Use this function to size a matrix Matirces are not checked for overlap as yet so that will be up to the user to make sure that matrices do not overlap Ex mati 0 4 5 20 defines matrix 0 as 4x5 and starts at reg 20 mati 1 2 2 50 defines matrix 1 as 2x2 and starts at reg 50 Return value is the dimension start register in the following format r cSR where r is row c is col and SR is starting register GetMatrixValue matg matrix row col Use this function to get a matrix value Ex mtxg 2 3 4 returns the value of matrix 2 at row 2 col 3 SetMatrixValue mats matrix row col value FillMatrix matf matrix value Use this function to set a matrix value Ex mtxs 2 3 4 number the value of matrix 2 row 2 col 3 to number DispSizeMatrix matz matrix Mostly used for debug This function returns the size of the matrix as specified in mtxi but sets nothing Reg 97 row 98 col 99 start Graphing Graphing on APCalc might be different that you have seen on other calculators APCalc graphing has been designed to allow graphing of equations without the need of programming experience You may though use programs to create more complex graphs and to automate many of the graphic setup steps Manual Graphing of an equation 25 of 45 It is quite simple to graph an equation Just perfor
22. 20 gwin 5 45 149 37 gcolor 0 0 0 0 255 0 gplot sin x x 0 gwin 5 45 149 37 gcolor 192 192 192 0 0 0 grect 1 6 84 154 119 1 gcolor 0 0 204 192 192 192 grect 1 6 84 154 119 0 guln 3 gprt 66 96 APCalc gcolor 0 0 0 255 255 255 guln 0 gwin 10 10 140 110 Valued 125 0000 125 150 Value 151 0000 Vit e 276 0000 AP Calc Multiple Value Output Volued 125 1231 Volue 345 8920 Total 470 9551 345 8320 Total 220 7089 Value 345 8320 Total 470 9551 The example above demonstrates the use of graphing in a program It is important to note that you may use the graphing screen to display formatted text The lower image shown above demonstrates the use of the graphing screen to display multiple output values Note When you have a program that graphs multiple equations only the last equation is saved to the f x function that shows up on the setup screen Import Export Functions Beginning with version 2 0 APCalc includes Import Export functionality This function also allows Loading of a program into program space Deleting of a program or programs and Import Export of programs Loading Loads a program into program space for editing or executing Deleting Deletes individual or groups of programs Import Export Transfers programs to and from the MemoPad program database The Import Export screen is accessed via the Menu
23. 5 Delete To Delete a group from MemoPad database check the Delete checkbox then tap the MemoDB list on the right To delete an individual program in the MemoPad group files it is necessary to edit that record in MemoPad To Delete APCalc or MemoPad programs use the Menu gt Clear Programs or Menu Clear Import Import Export allows the use of MemoPad categories so that backup can be performed to any category that you like You can even edit add delete and rename any of the categories and they will be saved to the MemoPad database Any number of groups may be saved to each category But only 108 are displayed in a particular category You can backup to a single or multiple categories Buttons are numbered from 1 to 6 on top row and 7 12 on 2 row Note This capability import export is only available to registered users Import Export Limitations Using MemoPad MemoPad has a 4k record limit that prevents editing of APCalc programs once the program grows beyond 4k This presents two problems in using MemoPad for Importing and Exporting of APCalc programs Editing and Backup Fortunately most user programs will fit within 4k EDITING There are two ways of dealing with this The first is to just use MemoPad for Import and Export without editing within MemoPad This will still allow you to browse the programs up to about 32k I think this may only be possible with the new Operating Systems however If you have a l
24. Advanced Programmable Calculator User Manual Palmlllic un i t sin 144673700 E T 10 45 Configure it the way you like it t z costx sint y T 458397859497945934 1 32882n505 E D A Da J6FB BCOE E LJ CI JE Scientific Base Conversions Financial copyright 1999 Mike Davis 2 of 45 Table of Contents Introduction ser P E 5 Installation Rebate pa eot e ba EE RN 5 Launching APCalc for the first time 6 Quick Looks EET 6 Basic AP Cale Operation eerte etie cede 8 Setting Preferences a cone hee ada 9 Using variables 1n an expression uci eee God gen deter lus ree edere 9 Using functions in an expression sicions ocet 10 Furction Key Groups s oro RO eee eO Odit Et harte estie leto evite seach dite te esten 11 Changing Key Group Names eite ent geste cetus etta de 11 Creating Editing APCalc Programs ecce doit entere c Ute 11 saving APCalc Programs sot it onec e ree lite ce iare b ett EE intei Pre sets 12 Example m NO ILIUM E 12 Example 1 Compute the area and circumference of a 12 Example 2 Convert between Fahrenheit and
25. Index strProg0 strProg1 strProg2 strProg3 strProg4 Return type double Executes a program based on an index If index is 0 then strPgm0 is executed Index is zero based Parameters are optional except that at least one program must be specified If index is blank or missing callif executes the same as call and uses strPgm0 cbrt dbIValue Return type double Calculates the cube root of dbl Value and returns it as a double ceil dbl Value Return type integer Computes the smallest integral value not less than db Value clh 1 Return type double Clear history buffer Dummy parameter 1 required Returns cls 1 Return type double Clears the input expression field Returns clv 1 Return type double Deletes all variables Dummy parameter 1 required Returns Ans comp intVall intVal2 Return type integer Compares two values if intVall is larger than intVal2 a value of 1 is returned If intVal2 is larger that intVall value of 1 is returned If the two values are equal a 0 is returned intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 cos dblAngle Return type double Returns the cosine of dblAngle as a floating point value The dblAngle specified is in degrees or radians depending on the current Trig Mode cosh dblAngle Return type double Returns the hyperbolic
26. a When all of the data is entered you can compute SumX 59 5 by tapping x y avg x 11 9 by tapping the avg button SD S 6 49422821 by tapping the SD S button SD P 5 80861429 by tapping the SD P button Example 2 Given data set x 5 5 6 9 10 3 15 6 21 2 y 2 7 8 8 2 10 2 18 7 20 3 Begin by initializing the statistical group to handle 2 variable statistics Enter each x followed by tapping x y The y value is entered at the popup When finished entering all data you can compute SumX 59 5 by tapping x y SymY 65 2 by tapping x y avg x 11 9 by tapping avg avg y 13 04 by tapping the popup pause indicator SD S for x 6 49422821 by tapping SD S and SD S for y 5 99357990 by tapping the S D y popup SD P for x 5 80861429 by tapping SD P and SD P for y 5 36082083 by tapping the S D y popup Slope of closest matching line 89353883 by tapping the L R button Intercept B 2 40688797 by tapping the popup To estimate y given an x enter the x value followed by y r Tap the popup to get the correlation coefficient To display all of the statistical registers tap the Regs key 24 of 45 5 These functions will allow manipulation of up to 3 matrices 0 to 3 The default value for all 3 matrices is 3x3 Matrices can be sized for now to 5x5 size The matrices use the existing storage registers Matrix parameters range are of matrices 3 number of rows
27. a b c d if 2 3 c 7 d 9 the result is nine 2 3 7 returns TRUE or 1 1 9 returns 9 If c were 5 the result would be 0 Are useful within some equations and especially suited for iff instruction 45 of 45
28. alc version 1 98f or above The following programs can be entered into APCalc to provide baseline TVM calculations that can be modified to add additional financial enhancements Beg name not part of program pt 1 21 of 45 End name not part of program end pt 0 NP name not part of program np expr 1 iff pflag done ir pmt fv pv pt done disp Number of pmts IR name not part of program p expr 1 iff pflag in disp wait ir ir np ir pv fv pmt pt jmp done zin ir p done disp Interest Rate per period PV name not part of program pv expr 1 iff pflag done np ir pmt fv pt disp PV name not part of program fv expr 1 iff pflag done fv fv np ir pmt pv pt done disp FV PMT name not part of program pmt expr 1 iff pflag done pmt pmt np ir fv pv pt done disp Payment NPV Calculations Both NPV and IRR calculations require inputting Cash Flow data This cash flow data is loaded into APCalc registers beginning with Register and continuing until all cash flows are entered up to 98 values Begin all NPV and IRR calculations by clearing the financial registers CLF Note this does not clear the registers but only the financial parameters pv ir ect 22 of 45 Register locations Register 1 Initial investment usually a negative number s
29. ans depending on the current Trig Mode tanh dblAngle Return type double Returns the hyperbolic tangent of dblAngle as a floating point value The dblAngle specified is in degrees or radians depending on the current Trig Mode tick 1 Return type integer 41 of 45 Returns the number clock ticks This is a relative number Compare one tick value to another to determine the number of ticks that have elapsed Dummy parameter 1 required time 1 Return type integer Returns the time to registers 93 to 99 in the following format Register 93 seconds Register 94 minutes Register 95 hours Register 96 day Register 97 month Register 98 year Register 99 days of week from Sunday 0 to 6 tm intValue Return type double Set Trig Mode preference 0 Degrees 1 Radians 0 and 1 return the last calculated value returns current setting 1 returns the current setting trunc dbl Value Return type integer Round x to nearest integral value not larger than x tz intValue Return type double Set Trim Zeros preference 0 Don t trim 1 Trim Zeros 0 and 1 return the last calculated value returns current setting 1 returns the current setting var strVariable Return type integer Tests for the existence of a given variable where x is any variable name If the variable already exists a 1 is returned If the variable is NEW 0 is returned Use this in the iff as follows 1 v
30. arge program group that you would like to create or edit from within MemoPad you will have to break it up into sub groups For example say you have a group that will ultimately be about 6k You can have GroupA buttons 1 to 6 and GroupB buttons 7 to 12 BACKUP You can still backup APCalc programs APCalc has it s own database for currently loaded programs This will be backed up if you have the backup preference bit set Any files that are Exported to MemoPad will be backed up assuming you have chosen to backup MemoPad files up to 32k These files will be transferred to the PC and can be restored using the HotSync manager However if you edit or try to edit these files in the PC Desktop they will be truncated to 4k Editing APCalc programs in MemoPad Programs may be edited on a PC using any software that will allow files to be saved to MemoPad and transferred to the device using Desktop There is a required format that you must follow to allow programs to be transferred from MemoPad to APCalc There is no format required for programs edited within APCalc The first line of a program edited in MemoPad or on the PC must begin with two number symbols then the group name like Key Group Name up to 16 characters may be used ex Statistics The next line is optionally blank The 3 line is of the format Function Key Label 4 characters only will be used ex Sdx 29 of 45 The next line contains the Function K
31. ars 1 Return type double Programmatically pops up the variable list in a modal form Select variable that will be returned to the executing program wait strLabel Return type double Pauses execution and displays a label Label is string quotes required Returns Ans xor intVall intVal2 Return type integer Returns the binary exclusive oring of intVall and intVal2 intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2452 1 xrt dbIX dblY Return type double Calculate the x th root of y where x and y are doubles Ex 3 root of 64 would be calculated with xrt 3 64 would evaluate to 4 Constants Constants represent fixed values If you try to use a constant as a variable you will get an error For example you cannot use 23 without generating an error e cannot be a variable pflag Return type N A pflag is actually a constant The value of this variable is dependent on whether or not an expression is waiting to be processed ie APCalc has not yet been pressed pflag is TRUE 1 if an expression is pending and FALSE 0 if APCalc has been pressed TRUE Return type integer TRUE is actually a constant The value of TRUE is 1 The case of TRUE true is not important 42 of 45 FALSE Return type integer pflag is actually a constant The value of FALSE is 0 The case of FALSE
32. cific calculations Functions Expr Scroll Input Expression Insertion Point oom Font _ Program History Popup rem Status t z sin cosy F Fixed Mode Trig Mode 0 096592583 E function teys 50 J Last X Rn Backspace Register 1 sta 11 o Graffiti Stroke A T Control Exponent 6 02 23 Key 5 Run Stop 6 of 45 Input Expression field in which you enter the expressions you wish to evaluate Expressions may contain signs constants numbers variables functions operators and SPACES spaces are ignored You can Cut Paste and Select any part of an expression Expressions can now be up to 64 characters and may occupy up to three lines Up Down scroll buttons left of input line have been added to navigate within the expression Up moves to the beginning of an expression Down moves to end of expression line The input line can contain single expressions or multiple expressions if separated by a semi colon This allows input like x 5 y 6 z x y a single line with a result of 30 displayed the Answer field See the operator for repeat execution of multiple instruction lines Matching parenthesis As you tap the expression field you will select data within matching parenthesis This is useful for deleting parts of expressions within pare
33. ction to give correct results base intBase Return type integer Converts the last calculated value Ans to a new value and displays it as intBase intBase can be any integer between 2 and 36 inclusive beep intFreq intDur intVol Return type double Plays a sound of varying frequencies duration and volume intFreq is specified as hertz intDur is specified in mili seconds and intVol is an integer from 0 to 64 0 is no sound Returns Last Calculated Value Ans 34 of 45 BtB intFromBase intToBase Return type integer Convert the number in the expression field in intFromBase format i e if intFromBase is 10 then expression cannot contain non decimal values to a number represented in intToBase intFromBase and intToBase can be any integers between 2 and 36 inclusive Note Because this works on the expression field it cannot be used outside of a program call strProgram Return type double Executes a program call to strProgram Up to 5 programs can be called before a rtn 1 or end of program i e call stack is 5 Use of rtn 1 is optional rtn 1 can be used to execute a program before the end of the program This function returns the value of the last calculated value Ans at the time of the call instruction It does not return a value as the result of the called program btn mode Return type double Depending on value of mode returns current Key Group 0 last function key pressed 1 program number 2 callif int
34. decimal digits to display grect type x1 y1 W H fill Return type double draw rectangle at x1 y1 with Width W and height type is frame width for non filled rectangle and fill pattern for filled rectangle type for fill is 0 fill with background 1 fill with foreground 2 fill with pattern is 0 for no fill and 1 for fill guln mode Return type double underline mode 0 no underline 1 dashed underline 2 solid underline 3 color underline gwin x1 yl W Return type double specifies a drawing area for a graph or whatever you like This is optional If not used the window is draw at 10 10 and is 140 x 110 You can use this function to create multiple graphing windows hr dbIHMS Return type double Returns time in decimal format for time entered as a parameter in Degrees Minutes Seconds format i e 1 hour 30 minutes as a parameter returns 1 5 hours dbIHMS format is HH MMSS hms dbIHR Return type double Returns time in Degrees Minutes Seconds for time entered as a parameter in decimal format i e 1 5 hours as a parameter returns 1 30 1 hour and 30 minutes hypot dbIX dblY Return type double Calculates the hypotenuse of right triangle iff dblExpr strLabel Return type integer Evaluates expr and if TRUE case not important transfers program execution to strLabel TRUE is any non zero result Zero is FALSE case not important Expressions can contain comparison operators such a
35. displayed in the Registers Popup List The function will return the Last Calculated Value The first parameter specifies which label set is being set and the next five parameters are the labels The first parameter intIndex can be either 1 or 2 intIndex 1 sets the first five labels and intIndex 2 sets the next five labels Only 10 labels can be set in this version and they will be contiguous This will be changed in later versions to use a single function This function in used in conjunction with regs below Label names can consist of up to 9 characters These labels are an array that will apply to any registers displayed with regs with the second parameter set to 1 That means if you display registers 20 29 these labels will apply If you display 40 49 the same labels will apply unless you change these So you must change labels if you wish a different set for a different set of registers 38 of 45 max intVall intVal2 Return type double Returns the maximum of the two values intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 min intVall intVal2 Return type double Returns the minimum of the two values intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 mtxf intMatrix dbl Value Return type
36. double Fills a matrix 0 to 2 with the value of dbl Value Returns this value mtxi intMatrix intRow intCol intStart Return type double Initializes a new matrix 0 to 2 intRow specifies the number of rows intCol specifies the number of cols intStart specifies the starting register for the matrix Return value is the sepcifics of the matrix in the following format R CST where R is number of rows C is number of cols and ST is the starting register mtxg intMatrix intRow intCol Return type double Returns a specific matrix element Specify the matrix intMatrix row and col mtxs intMatrix intRow intCol dbl Value Return type double Sets a specific matrix element Specify the matrix row and col mtxz intMatrix Return type double Returns the particular dimensions of the matrix as in mtxi but also saves these values in registers 97 98 and 99 nCr intN intR Return type integer Returns combinations of intN objects taken intR at a time where intN and intR are integers not intVal1 Return type integer Returns the one s complement of intVall intVal is an integer value If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 np dblIR dbIPMT dbIFV dbIPV intIPT Return type double This function performs two functions If there is new data input the value is stored internally in the np variable If there is no new data pending the function returns
37. e EIE tet eb Per v 43 Operators isis sate ER 43 Appendix D 45 4 of 45 Introduction Introducing an Advanced Programmable Calculator APCalc using Algebraic Entry Notation APCalc is now a color or black and white application If you have a color device APCalc will load in color If you have a black and white device APCalc will load in black and white The same program works for both screen types APCalc in addition to providing normal calculator functions allows you create your own custom programs and thereby customize APCalc to your own requirements You can then save these custom programs in APCalc s built in program database Programs can be grouped into any of nine different User Function Key Groups to allow quickly transforming APCalc from a scientific calculator to a financial units conversion currency conversion base conversion or any other calculator configuration that you desire Any custom calculator can be restored with two taps of the pen APCalc offers features of automatic prompting for new variables popup selection lists and subroutine calls branching looping and comparison operators Installation APCalc consists of two files APCalc prc the application and APCalcDB pdb the program database There is a third required file MathLib a public domain library that is not part of APCalc APCalc prc is used genericall
38. e returned value Statistical Functions The statistical key group provides functions including standard deviations and linear regression as well as correlation coefficients This section will show how to use the key group to provide this capability APCalc statistical group can handle 1 and 2 variable statistics Keys Init Sets 1 or 2 variable statistics Select 1 for 1 variable statistics and 2 for 2 variable statistics You may or may not want to clear data Adds each data point to set OR displays sum of x values Removes data point s from set OR displays sum of y values n Computes n factorial Regs Display the statistical registers n Displays the total number of data points avg Displays the avg of x and y SD S Computes the standard deviation of x y using the Sample method SD P Computes the standard deviation of x and y using the Population method L R Computes the linear regression of a set of data Computes the slope and intercept of the best matching line y r Computes the estimate of y given x as an input Also displays the correlation coefficient for the point 23 of 45 Example 1 Compute the standard deviation a given set of numbers using single variable statistics Begin by initializing the statistic functions For 1 variable statistics enter 1 and tap Init Data set 5 5 6 9 10 3 15 6 21 2 Enter each of these values followed by tapping the x y key to enter each piece of dat
39. erlay the corresponding program that is already loaded on APCalc Itis not necessary for a complete set of 12 programs to be contained within a group If your program group has only say 3 programs ONLY those corresponding programs in the selected group will be overwritten The other 9 programs will remain unchanged You may use multiple group names to load a particular group For instance you might have a group called StatsA which contains programs for the first 6 programs for group 1 You might also have another group called StatsB which contains programs for the second 6 programs for group 1 You can then import StatsA which will fill programs 1 to 6 and StatsB which will fill programs 7 to 12 Note1 When the import screen opens it will open with the current key group selected This makes it easy to install a particular program group Just select the Key Group to which a program will be added and when you open Import that key group is displayed in the left list Note2 If you have MemoPad records marked as private they will not show up in the import side of the screen To Export a single program group select the Category tap the group and button to export then tap gt Note You may tap any of the buttons shown on the 2 rows of function keys Any key not highlighted will not be exported as part of the key group A new program group is appended to the current category Since a single program may contain less than the total of 12
40. ey number for the program with the following format Key Number 00 to 12 ex 02 An example of a group file might be like the following Length m 01 instruction 1 instruction 2 iHicm 02 instruction 1 instruction 2 mm 1H103 instruction 1 instruction 2 iHinm 12 instruction 1 instruction 2 A group can contain from 1 to 12 programs You do not have to use key numbers 1 to 12 in sequence For instance in the example above you might have only 4 programs Program key numbers might be 03 05 07 12 In that case the four programs would be loaded to function keys 3 5 7 and 12 NOTE When editing within MemoPad let MemoPad wrap long lines Do not use newline until you are ready to begin a new instruction Just let MemoPad warp the long line for you Sample program group created in MemoPad or on a PC should look like this Trig Sine 03 computes sine of expr x expr 1 sin This program is shown as part of a group named Trig and will be assigned to the 3 button in the Trig group This program will calculate the sine of any number entered into expression when the program is executed 30 of 45 In APCalc same program would look like this computes sine of expr x expr 1 sin x The Function Key Button would be named Sine 31 of 45 Specifications Floating Point 64 bit Display Resolution 16 digits Memory Req 78k plus space for saved programs Functions
41. gistered Successful registration will remove this screen from being displayed each time APCalc is started Alternatively you can tap Test Drive without entering a Key to use APCalc in its demonstration mode subject to the limitations of the demo version of APCalc Demo mode limits the size and number of programs as well as the number of Function Keys If you have already registered use 1 est Drive to exit the screen You may register at Handango http www handango com 32 of 45 Appendix A License The author of this software grants to the Licensee a non exclusive non transferable license to use this product in accordance with this agreement on one device only This software is supplied as it without warranty of any kind The author assumes no liability for any damages incurred by its use The license policy is very simple You are entitled to use the Demo version in the manner intended That is you are not entitled to use the extended features without registering the application Registering the application gives you the right to use all features of the application on one device The use of the demo is limited to a reasonable time 15 days to evaluate the program After that time you must register APCalc to continue with its use The following applies to all versions of this software You may not reverse engineer decompile disassemble modify distribute sell give away or post this
42. he input and you will get an undesired result b Case2 to grab input in the middle of a program The expr 1 instruction must be preceded with a wait prompt Note If you intend to grab pending data you must include this function as the first instruction You should also always use iff pflag label to test for the existence of pending data pend 1 is similar to expr 1 except that it grabs data that was pending at the time the program was executed pend 1 does not have to be the first expression Wherever it is located will return the pending expression at the time the program began Use something like x Ans as the first instruction in a program to have one program continue with and save calculation from a different program You can have programs who s input is dependent on the result output of another program Other examples can be found at http www halcyon com ipscone apcalc examples Navigate to Documentation 2 Program 2 Examples 16 of 45 Base Conversions APCalc offers flexibility in the way you can handle base conversions and fixed point math There are two distinct ways to handle base conversions and fixed point math and operations You can perform all fixed point operations and conversions using the Base Conversion Function Keys This mode provides you with the greatest precision You have the use of the full 64 bit fixed point number system You may also mix fixed point calculations and floating poi
43. ians depending on the current Trig Mode slb intVal1 intVal2 Return type integer Shifts intVall left by intVal2 bits intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 sqrt dbIValue Return type double Computes the square root of db Value srb intVall intVal2 Return type integer Shifts intVall right by intVal2 bits intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2452 1 ss int Value Return type integer Set Single Step preference 0 no single step 1 single step 0 and 1 return the last calculated value returns current setting 1 returns the current setting If single step is checked a program will require R S to be pressed between instructions to continue execution sto intReg Return type double Stores the last calculated value into register intReg Valid values for intReg are 0 to 99 inclusive sum intFromReg intToReg Return type double Returns the sum of all values from intFromReg to intToReg inclusive intFromReg and intToReg can be any values between 0 and 99 intToReg must be larger than intFromReg for this function to give correct results tan dblAngle Return type double Returns the tangent of dblAngle as a floating point value The dblAngle specified is in degrees or radi
44. ince cash if flowing away from you Register 2 First cash flow input Register 3 Second cash flow input Register N Nth cash flow input Register N 1 Net Present Value also displayed in the APCalc Ans field To look at an Investments Using 10 cost of capital discount rate DR the present values of inflows you would begin this calculation by clearing the financial registers with CLF Then input the discount rate of 10 by entering 10 followed by tapping the DR key Then input each of these inflows below followed by the CF key Investment Year of year cash NPV at end of year 2000 1 000 000 1 000 000 2001 400 000 636 363 65 2002 400 000 305 785 12 2003 400 000 5 259 2 2004 400 000 267 946 18 2005 400 000 516 314 71 Now that you have entered the last value for 2005 tap the NPV key to compute the Net Present Value You want to see a positive for good investments Larger in general is better than smaller NPV NPV 516 315 IRR Calculations To determine the Internal Rate of Return simply tap the IRR key This calcualtion uses an iteration process of 20 loops and produces an approximate result that should be good enough for any use but does not return the precise exact IRR It would be too slow if I processed it to conclusion and would add no value in doing so IRR can be in the range of 5010 to 5010 If you get a return value that is at these limits then your answer is larger or smaller than th
45. inning of the month rand dblSeed intMax Return type double Returns a random number The 274 parameter is optional If not used the number returned is between 0 and 1 If you use intMax the number returned is an integer format and is between 0 and intMax intMax can be between 0 and Ox7FFF If you wish to have a double returned that is between 0 and say 100 just use the function like this rand 0 100 The seed must be between 1 0 1 rcl intReg Return type double Returns the value stored in register intReg Valid values for intReg are 0 to 99 inclusive regs intReg intShowLabelsFlag Return type double This function launches a popup list of the storage registers The first item in the list is intReg If the intShowLabelsFlag is set to 1 then labels will be used instead of register numbers if intShowLabelsFlag is set to zero then register numbers will be used Within this 10 registers a will be displayed if there are ther is no label and the contents of the register is zero Labels are setup using set and set2 below Tapping the register number will pop the register into the expression window Tapping the register contents will select that register Use Iset to specify the labels rint dblValue Return type integer Returns the integral value nearest dbl Value in direction of prevailing rounding mode round dblValue Return type integer Round x to nearest integral value away from zero rtn 1 Return type double Retu
46. ions and cannot be changed Changing Key Group Names As you add programs you will want to change the User Key Group names per your configuration These names are the names that are displayed in the group list when you tap the key group icon on the main calculator screen To edit select Edit gt Edit Key Groups from the APCalc menu You can then replace any default name to something more appropriate to your program groups Programs are divided into groups of 12 programs Group is applies to programs 1 through 12 Group 2 applies to programs 13 through 24 an so on Creating Editing APCalc Programs Creating a program is just an extension of the basic operation of APCalc A program is simply a sequence of basic APCalc calculator expressions that have been saved as a program Programs can be created within APCalc using QEd quick edit or they can be written in MemoPad and imported discussed later into APCalc Note There is a required format to follow when creating programs within MemoPad See Import section for this format In addition to basic expression evaluation programs can initialize variables prompt for user input jump to other locations within a program call other programs and display results Each program instruction line can contain a single instruction or multiple instructions separated by a semi colon A multiple instruction line will execute each instruction but will display only the last result The LastX Ans va
47. ithout using this operator Converts a number in proper format according to FromBase setting to a result displayed in the ToBase format Enter a number in the proper format and tap CVT to convert it gt Switch to other base Function Key Group 17 of 45 Adds expr to the last displayed value is in the FromBase format 25472749461 m F 1 FD74 ACFS selected with the FromBase key B Subtracts to the last displayed value expr is in the FromBase format selected with the FromBase key B Multiplies to the last displayed value expr isin the FromBase format selected with the FromBase key B Divides the last displayed value by expr expr is in the FromBase format selected with the FromBase key Shifts the last displayed value left by n bits Enter n then tap the lt lt key to shift left n bits Shifts the last displayed value right by n bits Enter then tap the gt gt key to shift right n bits and Performs a bitwise and operation of the last input value and the expr displayed in the input field or Performs a bitwise or operation of the last input value and the expr displayed in the input field xor Performs a bitwise xor operation of the last input value and the expr displayed in the input field not Negates the last displayed value Does not require an input value Just tap to nega
48. m the following steps and you will begin to graph equations without any programming experience 1 Enter graph 1 and tap APCalc 2 Select Setup from the menu bar S 3 Write in the equation on the f x line i e sin 2 x 4 Set xMin xMax yMin yMax step Ef xAxison fy Axis on xMin 0 Report Errors Connected xMax 360 yMin 1 yMax 1 step 8 5 If you wish to display x and y axis lines check the appropriate checkbox x Axis on checked y Axis on checked Report Errors is used to suppress errors when discontinuities are encountered 6 Select Exit button to return to the graphic screen 7 Tap Plot to plot the equation see image at right That s it Very simple Note however if you select an inappropriate xMin xMax yMin yMax or step you might get undesired results or the plot may not be visible at all Run Plot Clear CExit_ If you graph a function and the function uses x values that produce an undefined result you will get an error popup as a warning i e tan x where x 90 deg Also note that if the x values step from 0 to 180 depending on the step you might not exactly hit on zero for the tan example You just need to be aware of this Graphing using a program Graphing using programs is just like any other program except that graphing programs use a special set of instructions see graphing instruction list at end of document and programs are
49. nt operations using a special notation discussed below Using this mode you are limited to fixed point numbers less than 1e53 1 fixed point numbers are unsigned 64 bit numbers Number bases from 2 to 36 can be handled by APCalc Numbers larger than base 16 use alphabetic letters g z base numbers are displayed using this character set 0123456789ABCDEFghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz just below the history popup trigger indicates that you are still in some Fixed Point Base other than 10 Base Conversion Key Group Definitions Base 1 A F Hex characters used to input Hex numbers for numbers 10 to 15 2542032747 CD12 E F10 FromBase Key Sets the input mode Enter a number between 2 and 36 and tap the F10 key FromBase key It will rename itself to denote the current From Base setting T10 ToBase key Sets the output Ans mode Enter a number between 2 and 36 and tap the F16 ToBase key It will rename itself to denote the To current base Setting lt gt This button does a quick swap of FromBase and ToBase This is a special operator used in floating point mode to provide limited base conversion capability in floating point mode Use it to enter numbers in a particular base like 10 255 16 3FF 2 10110 etc In floating point mode that is when you use APCalc to evaluate an expression all expressions contain functions constants and decimal input You cannot input numbers in Hex for instance w
50. nthesis Status The current status of the calculator is displayed in this area R indicates that a program is running Ifa wait function is executed the paused indicates that the calculator is still in run mode and must be continued with R S indicates single step mode and requires pressing R S after each instruction Single step mode is set in preferences screen There is also a Fixed Mode Status on the right side of the screen It is display a bold F if the calculator is in a fixed point mode that is other than decimal Be aware of this status or else you might not be aware that an answer is in some other base Trig Mode D will displayed for degree mode R will be displayed for radians Tap the D status field and pop up a selection list Deg Rad Function Keys User Defined Keys Two row of keys are allocated to built in functions and User Programs These function keys can display groups of functions for easy access Current function groups include 9 User Function Groups as well as Trig Sci Misc Hypr Base 1 and Base 2 The key label consists of the first 4 characters of the program name i e Program will display Prog on the function key associated with the program number The user program Function Keys Groups can be renamed using Menu Edit Edit Key Groups Go to the edit Screen and choose names you prefer for these groups Use the Hard Scroll but
51. preference settings You may change this selection by activating the preference screen with either the Menu Info Preferences or using the shortcut Command to bring up the preference screen Preference selections made are saved and are restored each time APCalc is launched Setting Preferences Deg Rad Select degree or radian mode Preferences Fix Sci IEng Select Fixed Point within 1 8 to 1e 8 limits or Sci or Eng mode ENTERS 5 NR Decimal Select decimal display format 0 to 8 decimal places UE DIEI 55 Selects single step mode during program execution if checked SStep TZeros O RVars TZeros Trim trailing zeros of decimal part of result if checked Display Instructions RVars Reset variables each time APCalc is pressed Tap Speed Slow Display Inst Display animate instructions during program execution Tap Speed Select fast or slow tap speed for use with Multi tap selection Backup DB Backs up APCalc program database during HotSync ee RUPEE ProgHistory Logs program steps during program execution if checked Using variables in an expression There may be times when you find it necessary to use variables within expressions at the calculator level that is outside of a program For instance to calculate the area of a triangle use the formula base height 1 23base heidght To perform this calculation you would enter p 0 0 E 1 2 base height or 5
52. programs you will be prompted for the export group name This will allow you to save partial groups under different names than full groups To Export All select Category tap the BOLD gt button to append all APCalc oups to current category Use Export to back up your current configuration Load group gory P 5 O Delete vf Import To Import a single program group check Import checkbox select category tap the MemoDB group file to import tap the group destination then tap the button to import a single program group Any program within the imported group will overwrite the corresponding program on the destination group To Import up to 9 program groups within a category select the category tap the start group destination right list then tap the destination group then tap the BOLD X button to import up to 9 groups The groups will be imported until the last group is imported You may start at group 1 or any other group but the importing will stop as soon as group 8 is filled This capability is to allow single button backup restore operation To Delete a group from the APCalc database check the Delete checkbox select each program button then tap the group name in the left program box You may delete the entire group or individual programs using the button selections If all programs are deleted the Group name will be changed to Blank 28 of 4
53. put if the FromBase was F10 To then shift the results left by two bits 1 2 shift left 2 bits 2 Tap the results displayed in Ans field and or operate in a similar manor The not functions does not require an input Just tap the not key to calculate the inverse of the displayed value Note of these operations expect the input expression in the correct format as determined by the FromBase and ToBase input using the FromBase and ToBase keys Mixed Fixed Point and Floating Point operations using the operator and the Equal key This mode allows limited use fixed point numbers in various bases to be intermixed in the basic floating point calculator mode In this mode ONLY the ToBase format is used You can use this mode to calculate a mix of base values and display the results in another base The syntax for this operator is base number where base is a number between 2 and 36 and number is the number in that base in the proper format Example 7 Using base operator 17 102255 255 as base 10 number DEC 2 16 3FF HEX number 3FF 3 16 255 HEX number 255 4 2 101010 BINARY number 101010 5 27 93 2 g3F2 in base 27 whatever that is good for You can mix and match these numbers and evaluate expressions using this notation 1 16 2 Tap ToBase key F16 in legend sets output to HEX 3 10 118 16 3FF 2 101010 4 APCalc
54. riable will be set for each individual instruction within a multi instruction line Creation of programs consists of a few simple steps 11 of 45 Creating or Editing program involves the same process The only difference is that creating a new program opens the QEd screen with a blank instruction list Tap QEd button to open the instruction list screen shown at right for the new or currently loaded program An example is shown at right Check Edit then tap instruction to open edit instruction screen for that instruction Check Delete then tap an instruction to delete the tapped instruction Check Insert then tap instruction to insert instruction in front of tapped instruction EF Ed Insert Tap the button to end the editing session and return to the calculator screen O Delete Once in the Instruction Edit screen you can use the function list the keypad or the pint keyboard to edit instructions When the current expression is complete you may Edit Instruction 3 either tap Done to return to the Instruction List screen or you may tap one of the other buttons Tapping Undo restores the instruction to its original state To insert another new instruction after the current instruction check Insert after instruction before tapping Ins insert To insert before the current instruction leave that box unchecked and tap Ins O Insert after instruction Nex
55. rn function Optional use End of a program also returns to calling program or ends a program depending on whether or not it is a subroutine Use this to exit from a routine before coming to the end of the routine early exit 40 of 45 rv intValue Return type integer Set Reset Variables preference 0 don t reset variables 1 reset variables 0 and 1 return the last calculated value returns current setting 1 returns the current setting If RVars is checked all variables will be reset each time the key is tapped sdx intFrom intTo intMode Return type double Returns the standard deviation of a set of numbers stored in the built in registers Registers used are from intFrom to intTo Legal values must be 0 to 99 for each parameter The intMode parameter selects whether or not sample or population method is used to compute standard deviation Use sample intMode 0 when the data set represents a sample of the data rather than the entire population Use population intMode 1 when the data set represents the entire population intMode is optional If it is omitted then sample method is used sin dblAngle Return type double Returns the sine of dblAngle as a floating point value The dblAngle specified is in degrees or radians depending on the current Trig Mode sinh dblAngle Return type double Returns the hyperbolic sine of dblAngle as a floating point value The dblAngle specified is in degrees or rad
56. run on a different screen Using a graphing program you may perform all of the steps that you can do manually There are a few additional instructions that are for color and not available in manual graphing This functionality will be available in a later version Also note that some of the functions operate differently on black and white than they do on a color device For instance the rect 3 3 10 10 1 will fill a rectangle with the foreground color This may look fine on a color device but may look differently on a black and white device Graphing program example Create the following program and assign it to a function key When completed tap the function key to execute the program You should see the graph shown on the image to the right of the program Note that all graphing programs begin the graphing part with the graph 1 command 26 of 45 draw mode dm 1 graph 1 gcolor 0 0 255 0 0 0 grect 1 6 8 154 43 0 gcolor 255 0 0 255 255 208 grect 0 6 8 154 43 1 gprt 10 8 Value1 gprt 112 8 125 150 125 gcolor 255 0 0 255 255 208 gprt 48 8 val1 4 val2 vall sloop gcolor 255 255 255 0 0 255 val2 val2 2 gprt 10 19 Value2 gprt 48 19 val2 4 gcolor 0 255 0 0 0 0 gprt 10 30 V1 V2 gprt 48 30 vall val2 4 iff val2 lt 150 loop continued from previous column dm 1 dm mode gcolor 0 0 0 0 0 0 grect 1 6 46 154 81 0 gcolor 0 255 0 0 0 0 grect 1 6 46 154 81 0 gaxis 0 720 2 2
57. s x23 etc Returns the Last Calculated Value at the time the instruction is executed 37 of 45 iff dblExpr 2 Return type integer Evaluates expr and if TRUE returns expr else returns expr2 and expr2 are both evaluated regardless of which is returned For example you can use it in this way iff expr 3 4 If expr is TRUE 3 is returned if expr is FALSE 4 is returned In both cases x and y are assigned their respective values TRUE is any non zero result Zero is FALSE Expressions can contain comparison operators such as x23 etc This function requires 3 parameters in strPrompt Return type double Pauses execution displays an input field and asks for input quotes required Returns value input ir intNP dblIR dbIPV dbIFV dbIPMT intPT Return type double This function performs two functions If there is new data input the value is stored internally in the ir variable If there is no new data pending the function returns the periodic interest rate of a time value of money calculation intNP is entered as the number of periods in the loan dbIFV is the future value dblPMT is the amount of the payment use for payment and for cash received dbIPV is the present value of the loan intPT is zero for payments at end of the month and 1 for payments at the beginning of the month dblIR is initial guess use 1 jmp strLabel Return type double Absolute jump to strLabel Note Labels mu
58. software on any web site without written permission of the author You may not use this software unless you agree to these terms Using this software implies agreement with these terms 33 of 45 Appendix B Functions amp Operators Parameters used in the following functions use the following notation dblReference intReference and strReference The prefixes dbl int and str represent double integer and string types The Reference part of the parameter is a descriptive label for the type of input parameter expected i e dblAngle means an Angle using type double is expected as an input String types must be surrounded by double quotes acos dbIValue Return type double Returns the arc cosine of dblValue as a floating point value The return value is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected acosh dblValue Return type double Returns the hyperbolic arc cosine of dblValue as a floating point value The return value is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected and intVall intVal2 Return type integer Returns the binary anding of intVall and intVal2 intVall and intVal2 are integer values If you use floating point numbers they will be truncated to the integer part of the value Valid integers must be less than 2 52 1 asin dblValue Return type double Returns the arc sine of dblValue as a floating point value The return val
59. st start with ex loop1 Returns the last calculated value jmpif intIndex strLbl0 strLblI1 strLbI2 strLbl3 strLbl4 Return type double Absolute jump to label depending on the value of index If index is 0 then program execution transfers to strLbl0 Index is zero based Parameters are optional If index is blank or missing jmpif executes the same as jmp and uses strLbl0 Returns the last calculated value In dblValue Return type double Computes the natural log of a double load strProg Return type double Loads chains a new program strProg and Program name must match exactly This function does not return to the calling program Returns the last calculated value log dbIValue Return type double Computes log10 of a db Value loop intReg strLabel Return type double Program instructions between strLabel and the instruction loop will be executed until intReg equals zero at which time program execution continues with the instruction following the loop instruction intReg is the index register Valid values for intReg are 0 to 99 inclusive Load intReg prior to executing loop when loop is executed the intReg will be automatically decremented The strLabel instruction must precede the loopO instruction Returns last calculated value Iset intIndex strLabell strLabel2 strLabel3 strLabel4 strLabel5 Return type double This label set function sets a group of five labels that will be
60. t will display the next or previous instruction if it exists Saving APCalc Programs After you have created your program don t forget to save the program At this point the program is just in program space If this is a new program you must use SaveAs If this is a loaded program via Load or after executing a program you can use Save to change or SaveAs to save under a different name If you don t perform a Save or Save As the program will be lost when you exit APCalc or execute a different program of the first 108 user generated programs are automatically assigned to the User through User 9 upon initial creation Changing the order of functions on keys requires moving the program location See the Import Export to and from MemoPad section for instructions in moving programs Example Programs Example 1 Compute the area and circumference of a circle is an example of a program that computes the area A pi radius 2 and circumference 2 pi radius of a circle and prompts for circle radius It will also pause and display a label before proceeding with the circumference calculation radius pi radius 2 wait Area 2 pi radius disp Circumference 12 of 45 Example 2 Convert between Fahrenheit and Centigrade Example of a program to convert between Fahrenheit and Centigrade This example uses the iff expr label function Comments are not entered into
61. t Sub3 x y x y out Sub4 x y a Ans a Ans ask Exit call Sub4 a a It is important to note that call does not return a value that 15 the result of the called program What call returns is the last calculated value at the time of the call So for the PG1 example above if 3 instruction was result call Sub2 the value of result would be 1125 the result 45 25 If an instruction like result Ans were inserted right after the call the value of result would be zero since that is the last calculated value as a result of Sub2 Call Variation There is a variation of the call program that can be used in conjunction with the ask function This function is callif index progO prog1 prog2 prog3 prog4 This variation uses an initial parameter index to select which program will be called The index is zero based If index is 2 then prog2 will be called and so forth If callif is called with a missing index parameter it will execute exactly as call but will use 0 name Any program names may be used for program parameters Example pick list to select running Sub 2 or Sub 3 above callif test a ask Run Sub2 Run Sub3 111 Sub2 Sub3 Jump Variation There is also a similar variation to the jmp program function The function jmpif index label0 label1 label2 label3 label4
62. te last Ans Fixed Point Calculations Conversions All conversions and fixed point math are performed using a FromBase value and a ToBase value Before a conversion can take place you should enter the correct FromBase and ToBase using the Fxx temporary name and the Txx temporary name keys The FromBase Fxx and ToBase Txx are remembered so F10 and T10 will be remembered between APCalc sessions Check the F fixed point status if you need to know whether or not you have previously set a Fixed Point base Example 6 convert 3FF from HEX to DEC you would enter the following 1 16 base 16 2 Tap F10 key is renamed to F16 FromBase 3 10 base 10 4 Tap T10 key is renamed to T10 ToBase 5 3FF 6 Tap Convert see results 1023 displayed To continue and convert 3DACE from HEX to DEC just 1 3DACE 2 Tap no need to reenter FromBase and ToBase values To then see what this value might be in BINARY just change the ToBase value 1 2 2 Tap ToBase key ToBase key is renamed to T2 To return to base 10 output 18 of 45 1 10 2 Tap ToBase key to return to DEC output display To then see what this value might be when 3FF added to it 1 3FF 2 Tap the key switch button groups 3 Tap the Bt key result of expr previous value NOTE lt lt etc expect the input data in the FromBase format i e FF would not be an acceptable in
63. te value of dbl Value fact intValue Return type integer Calculates the factorial dbl Value of intValue fillintFromReg intToReg dbl Value Return type double Fills registers starting with intFromReg and continuing to intToReg inclusive with the value dbl Value fill 0 99 0 would clear all registers intToReg must be larger than intFromReg fk intValue Return type double Set Function Key Mode preference 0 13 as an input and displays the current function key set 0 to 13 return the last calculated value 1 returns the current function key preference floor dbIValue Return type integer Returns the largest integral value not greater than dblValue fmod dblIValuel dblValue2 Return type double Computes the modulo remainder of dblValuel divided by dblValue2 frac dbl Value Return type double Returns the fractional part of a double value fv intNP dblIR dbIPMT dbIPV intPT Return type double This function performs two functions If there is new data input the value is stored internally in the fv variable If there is no new data pending the function returns the future value of a time value of money calculation intNP is entered as the number of periods in the loan dbIIR is the periodic interest rate dbIPMT is the amount of the payment use for payment and for cash received dblPV is the present value of the loan intPT is zero for payments at end of the month and 1 for payments at the beginning of the month
64. there is no new data pending the function returns the payment of a time value of money calculation intIR is entered as the periodic interest rate of the loan is the future value dbINP is the number of payments dbIPV is the present value of the loan intPT is zero for payments at end of the month and 1 for payments at the beginning of the month Ex ir is the periodic interest rate i e 9 9 with payments every month would be 9 9 12 as input for You may input the result of 9 9 12 or the expression itself np total number of payments 1 360 for 30 year mortgage ir periodic interest rate a yearly interest would be entered as xx 12 pv present value ie 70000 fv future value ie 0 pmt monthly payment use for a payment to someone else and for a payment received pt payment at beginning of month 1 end of month 0 pow dbIX dblY Return type double Computes dbIX to the power pv intNP dblIR dbIPMT dbIFV intPT Return type integer This function performs two functions If there is new data input the value is stored internally in the pmt variable If there is no new data pending the function returns the payment of a time value of money calculation intIR is entered as the periodic interest rate of the loan is the future value dbINP is the number of payments dbIPMT is the loan payment amount intPT is zero for payments at end of the month and 1 for payments at the beg
65. to new variables Atri and Arect by writing the original expression as follows Atri 1 2 base height and Arect base height Another useful way of evaluating expressions is to evaluate a previously entered expression with different variable values There are two simple ways to accomplish this The method you use will depend you your personal preference The first method uses the operator Any variable that has appended to the variable name will automatically prompt for that variable even if it already exists You could have written the equation like Atri 1 2 base height and would have been prompted for base and height each time the APCalc key is tapped Or Arect base height and would have only been prompted for the first occurrence of base and subsequent values for height The second method of forcing prompting for variables is by setting the RVars reset variables preference This will force the clearing of all variables each time the key is tapped which will force prompting at variables Note Using RVars clears all variables each time APCalc is pressed use with caution This applies even if you not entering a variable For instance if RVars is checked and you simply calculate 242 all variables will be cleared This is useful if you have an equation in the expr field and you want to continually be prompted for input If you do not use RVars and you are tap
66. tons to change these keys The state of these function keys is maintained between sessions You may also change these via the function key popup trigger to right of Answer or on the Preference menu These may be programmatically changed by the function fk x where x is between 0 and 13 Note Base 2 cannot be accessed via the Function Key Popup it is an extension of Base 1 and is accessed via Basel via the hard scroll buttons or with fk function in a program Last X The Ans key will evaluate to the last calculated value Use the Ans variable an expression when you want to refer to the last calculated value Register Control These two keys Stoj are used to store and recall values to and from the 100 built in APCalc registers Syntax is Sto x where x is any value from 0 to 99 last calculated value is stored to the specified register Quick Edit This button brings up the currently loaded program into the editing window If there is no program currently loaded tapping will open with a blank program Use this button to create and edit APCalc programs Run Stop This button is tapped to begin or halt execution of a previously loaded program This button serves the same function as menu option Menu Program Run Program R It must be tapped to continue a paused program i e after wait label A paused program is indicated by P
67. ue is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected asinh dblValue Return type double Returns the hyperbolic arc sine of dbl Value as a floating point value return value is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected ask strChoice0 strChoicel strChoice2 strChoice3 strChoice4 Return type integer Displays a popup of list choices Returns an integer value 0 5 depending on the selection made A maximum of 5 parameters choices may be used You may use less than 5 choices atan2 dblY dbIX Return type double Returns the arc tangent of dblY dblX as a floating point value The return value is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected atan dbl Value Return type double Returns the arc tangent of dbl Value as a floating point value The return value is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected atanh dbl Value Return type double Returns the hyperbolic arc tangent of dbl Value as a floating point value The return value is the angle expressed in either degrees or radians depending on the Trig Mode selected avg intFromReg intToReg Return type double Returns the mean of all values from intFromReg and intToReg inclusive intFromReg and intToReg can be any values between 0 and 99 intToReg must be larger than intFromReg for this fun
68. xample x x 2 iff x 0 end NOTE the terminator is only meaningful in an executing program From the calculator level one can simply just tap the APCalc again for repeat operation 43 of 45 NOTE Remember all functions return a value Some functions such as sto return Ans last calculated value That is 2 sto 1 returns 2 Ans and also stores the previous Ans to register 1 All functions that do not return a specific value as a function behave this way 44 of 45 Appendix D Operator Precedence l loc This simultaneously declares and forces prompting of a variable even if variable already exists Use to initialize a variable at the beginning of a program Raise to power equality for inequality for mod Multiply Divide Integer Divide trunc Less Than Greater Than and are equivalent and are equivalent Add Subtract Not really an operator This is useful for assignments within a program You an use assignments like 5 a cos x a cos 45 etc Note the result of the expr is stored not the expression That is a cos x stores the value of cos x depending on value input not the expression of cos x If you use var without a value the variable is deleted from the variable list Operator precedence is from left to right within a precedence level 2 3 934 Is the same as 2 3 3 4 which produces the result of 216 a b c d Is the same as
69. y to mean either APCalc C prc Color or B amp W or APCalc BW prc B amp W only These two files can be installed using the Desktop S W or whatever installation program you currently use just as you would any other application These files can be installed in either order APCalc prc and MathLib are the only programs that must be installed MathLib must be installed before you launch APCalc prc for the first time If you do not install APCalcDB pdb one will be created automatically when APCalc is executed the first time NOTE Once you have created your own programs you should not install APCalcDB pdb that comes with upgrades If you do you will overwrite your own saved programs e MathLib is a free shared library that can be used by any OS 2 04 Pilot program that needs IEEE 754 double precision math functions It s distributed under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License and is freely available with full source code and documentation at the MathLib Information web page It s not a part of the APCalc program and you re not paying anything for its use a copy is simply included in this archive for your convenience 5 of 45 Launching APCalc for the first time When you launch APCalc for the first time you will see the registration screen like Unregistered a the one shown at the right You have two options at this point www palmaear com or www If you have registered APCalc

Advanced Programmable Calculator (APCalc)

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