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1. PAUP WNE O 225 47 02 97 31 36 115 14 57 156 15 44 83 45 28 106 12 32 164 00 42 NrRrWOWAWOIWND fixed bearing 8 7 n79 52 31le 134 161 1 5045 572 5495 338 5000 5190 03 44 57 71 30 41 40 66 90 34 2D Job with Multi Loop Traverses fixed coordinates approximate coordinates traverse backsight to point 6 205 19 105 161 160 308 end this loop at Point 1 Existing post Iron pipe traverse backsight to point 2 TES 284 191 166 95 151 add a tie in course to 5 end at 6 turn angle into 1 Run STAR NET and open the Trav2D prj example project The Main STAR NET Menu will appear x STAR NET DEMO Trav2D All program operations can be selected from these dropdown menus and the most common operations can be selected by pressing one of the tool buttons Pause your mouse pointer over each button to see a short description of its function Choose Options gt Project or press the Project Options tool button Project Options 0 000 1 0000000000 0 000 The Adjustment options page includes important settings that describe the project whether it is a 2D or 3D job local or grid adjustment linear and angular units used and information about the datum scheme Note that a realistic Average Project Elevation should be ent
2. The file contains eight imported vectors Each vector consists or four lines which includes a vector ID number the Delta X Y amp Z vector lengths and covariance information for weighting After reviewing the vector data close the window 31 7 Now that the imported vectors have been reviewed let s see how they were actually imported in the first place Choose Input gt Import GPS Vectors GPS Vector Importer x Sipop Pcie Trimble GPSurvey Frectonob gps BieaT All Importa The first step in importing vectors is to choose a GPS Baseline Format from the drop down selection list In this example we are extracting vectors from baseline files created using the Trimble GPSurvey package Next take a quick look at the Options tab Here you can set a few options that will affect vector importing Back in the Import tab press the Select Baseline Files button to bring up a file selection dialogue The baselines are in the StarExamples sub folder of your install directory so if the dialogue does not open there go ahead and browse there The selection dialogue will show eight Trimble SSF baseline files Highlight these files as shown and press the Select button Select Baseline Files 00170018 ssf 00120016 ssf 00130015 ssf Trimble GPSurvey ssf ssk l Le 32 These selected files now appear in the main Import page dialogue as shown below and the Import button is
3. distance zenith angle and vector fit in to the adjusted network 7 This complete the VectorCombined Prj project the last example in this tour As you can see combining conventional observations and GPS vector observations is very easy When combining conventional and GPS observations the most important consideration is establishing realistic weighting relationships between your GPS vector observations and your conventional observations As mentioned in the first example the standard errors reported by most manufacturer s baseline processors are usually over optimistic so you normally need to set a factor in the GPS options to make them realistic and more compatible with conventional observations OK O You have now completed all of the sample projects in this Tour We hope that you now have a basic understanding of the operation of STAR NET and how as a versatile tool it can be used not only to provide the best analysis and adjustments possible but as a valuable aid to survey planning We now encourage you to experiment with the Demonstration Program by rerunning some of the examples or trying some of your own data The next section Supplemental Information provides extra details concerning editing your data and the format of data lines shown in the examples 38 Supplemental Information Editing Your Data As illustrated in the tutorial STAR NET uses standard text files for all data You can create
4. orientation is simple to understand and very easily related to conventional observations 34 11 The next section is the GPS Vector Residual Summary mentioned earlier in this example Users find this one of the most helpful GPS related sections in the listing It can be sorted in various ways to help you find the Worst vectors in your network In our example the summary is sorted by 3D residuals made up of local horizon North East and Up residual components B Vectonob Lst iol x K l C RE E a rt E GPS Vector Residual Summary Meters Sorted by 3D Residual Length N E Up 2D 3D Length 008 003 008 5970 004 003 005 4999 002 001 002 10262 002 001 002 5197 001 003 002 8073 001 002 002 9857 002 001 002 6527 001 001 002 7491 oooo0oco coca NOD DPW lw Review the remaining sections in the listing file if you wish These section are not unique to GPS vectors and you have seen them before when running the examples earlier in this tutorial This completes the VectorJob example project This was a realistic example of a small GPS job containing only vectors To keep the tutorial short however this example skipped a very important step When running your own adjustments always run a minimally constrained adjustment first holding only a single station fixed This will test the integrity of the observations without the influence of external constraints When you are conf
5. Format Default has I Create Ground Scale Coordinate GND File Format Defaut z etma Ju Greate Geodetic Position ROSI File Default Precisions Coordinates a Geodetic Pasiticr e4 Elevations g I Create Station Information Dump DMP File T Include Relative Connection Covariances The optional Ground Scale file is particularly useful then running grid jobs You can specify that the adjusted coordinates grid coordinates in the case of a grid job be scaled to ground surface based on a combined scale factor determined during the adjustment or a factor given by the user These newly created ground coordinates can also be rotated and translated by the program The optional Station Information Dump file contains all information about each adjusted point including point names coordinates descriptors geodetic positions and ellipse heights for grid jobs and ellipse information The items are comma delimited text fields which can be read by external spread sheet and database programs useful for those wishing to create custom coordinate reports This file and the Ground Scale file are described in detail in the full manual The Coordinate Points and Ground Scaled Points files can both be output in various formats using format specifications created by the user The user defined formatting specifications are discussed in the full manual The Special option tab includes a positional tolerance checking
6. Instrument settings only relate to conventional observations so in the case of this project having only GPS vectors they have no relevance in the adjustment 29 3 Review the GPS options by clicking the GPS tab These fields allow you to set default values or options relating to GPS vectors present in your network data Adjustment General Instrument Listing File Other Files Special GPS Modeling IM Factor Vector StdErrs by fe o00 T Alternate Vertical 18 000 M Vector Centering StdErrs fo co200 I Alternate Vertical fo 020 Meters M Transformations Solve for Scale and Rotations ustom settings gral C Solve for Scale Only WAG C Solve for Rotations Only ERG Solve Custom Rot Solve r Listing Appearance List Vector Weighting as StdErr Corr C Covariance Sort Unadjusted Vectors by Input Order Name C Length Sort Adjusted Vectors by C Input Order Name C Length Residual Show M Residual Summary Sort by AdjVect Order 3D 20 C Up I ECEF Information Goordinates Residuals Both A value of 8 00 has been set for the Factor Vector StdErrors field which means that all the imported vector standard errors will be multiplied by this factor Standard errors reported by many baseline processors are over optimistic and this option allows you to make them more realistic A Vector Centering StdError value of 0 002 meters has been entered which further inf
7. now active GPS Vector Importer x Import Options Vector File Evo on GPS Baseline Format Trimble GPSurvey x Project Folder EAStarplus StarNetD emo E xamples Import Vectors To vectowab gps Change Beginning Vector ID E ET c starplus starnet demo examples 001 70018 ssf Select Baseline Files c starplus starnet demo examples 001 20016 ssf lear Aiahlighted c starplus starnet demo examples 001 30015 ssf c starplus starnet demoexamples 001 30016 ssf c starplus starnet demo examples 001 5001 7 ssf c starplus starnet demoexamples 001 6001 7 ssf c starplus starnet demo examples 001 60018 ssf c starplus starnet demo examples 001 2001 3 ssf Clear All Files Selected fe Files Read fo Vectors Imported fo If we press Import the importer will extract vectors from these files and write them to the file named VectorJob GPS specified in the Import Vectors to field above But to simplify this tutorial example we had previously imported them However if you want to import the vectors anyway just to see how it works press the Import button When importer warns you that the file already exists it asks if you want to Overwrite or Append the file select to Overwrite the file Complete details on importing vectors setting import options and information on the current baseline formats available to import from are fully discussed in the STAR NET PRO documenta
8. of an adjustment In some cases you may only wish to see a subset of this information so remember that you can tailor the contents of this file by selecting which sections to include in the Project Options Listing file menu In the Project Options Other Files menu reviewed in step 7 an option was set to create an adjusted coordinates file Choose Output gt Coordinates to view this file Any additional files created can also be viewed from this menu FA Trav2D Pts ioj x H Existing post Iron pipe 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 This completes the review of the Trav2D example project We have toured the main option menus the input data dialogue performed an adjustment reviewed the output listing contents in some detail and viewed network plots Now that you have a good idea how the program works the remaining tutorial examples can be examined with a minimum of explanation 12 The sample project that you have just stepped through is a realistic example of a small two dimensional multi loop traverse Note that only a few simple steps are required to run an adjustment Set options for your project Create one or more data files Run the adjustment Review both graphical and listing output The listing file you reviewed by choosing Output gt Listing is the final adjustment report produced from the STAR NET run Once a project is adjusted to your satisfaction you would normally want to get a printout of th
9. reviewed earlier Here you see solutions for a scale and three rotations The scale change is very small as are the three rotations This should be expected when performing an adjustment on a GPS based ellipsoid such as WGS 84 or GRS 80 If any of these solved transformation values are unreasonably large you need to review your observations and constraints and find the reason why B Vectowob Lst oO x Iq l lt gt l rt E Adjusted GPS Vector Observations Sorted by Names Meters Datum Transformations StdaDev Scale Factor 0 999998798884 1 201116 PPM 0 2026 Solved Rotation Around North Axis i 0 753597 Sec 0 1120 Solved Rotation Around East Axis 0 529028 Sec 0 0885 Solved Rotation Around Vert Axis 0 096278 Sec 0 0415 Solved From Component Adj Value Residual StdErr StdRes To V1 Dayl25 1 14 14 00120013 55F 0012 Delta N 0013 Delta E Delta U Length V2 Day125 1 14 14 00120016 55F 0012 Delta N 0016 Delta E Delta U Length V3 Dayl27 2 00 34 00130015 55F 0013 Delta N 0015 Delta E Delta U Length As shown above the next output in the same section are the adjusted GPS vectors and their residuals Always review this important section since it shows you how much STAR NET had to change each vector to produce a best fit solution Note that all the vector residual and standard error components have been rotated from earth centered Cartesian to local horizon North East and Up components This
10. see only one error ellipse since there is only one unknown point in the whole network Review the listing file It s quite short since our only observations are angles This completes the review of the Resection example project 23 Example 6 Traverse with Sideshots This example illustrates data consisting of a simple traverse containing many sideshots Sideshots are diverted during loading of the input data file and are not processed until after the network is adjusted Their computed coordinates are written to both the Listing File and the Points File Because they are processed after the adjustment no error propagation is performed on Sideshots The sideshot data type is available so that you can process a network containing hundreds or thousands of sideshots without slowing down the adjustment of the actual network In particular this approach lends itself to the processing of large topo data sets downloaded from data collectors Traverse with Sideshots 1 1000 00 1000 00 1440 28 2 1725 18 1274 36 1467 94 Begin Field Observations 2 1 51 59 30 242 42 88 44 35 5 25 5 30 59 198 19 55 587 14 89 39 40 5 30 5 50 IRON PIN 572 140 52 34 668 50 80 14 25 5 18 5 22 828 Begin Sideshots HEH A HHH OO HE HE 1 2 3 104 18 07 P 90 56 54 TOE 1 2 4 24 33 33 lt 89 16 07 TOE 1 2 5 1 2 1 339 20 11 88 03 45 FACE OF CURB 4 339 3531 c 88 33 17 s 3 TOE 24 Op
11. sorted either by name or by residual size useful for debugging a network An inline UNITS option converts input observations on the fly For example change observed values in Meters to US Feet or visa versa Many other inline data options are available for changing input modes within data files For example change mode from slope distance zenith mode to horizontal distance and elevation difference Change refraction index change scale factor etc Internal reduction of 3D field data during an adjustment for those who wish to run a horizontal adjustment only but retain the original data as 3D for future use A special option causes the program to create a scaled to ground coordinate file Converts adjusted grid coordinates back to ground for construction work A Positional Tolerance checking feature to satisfy relative position specification requirements set forth by the ACSM ALTA committee and other agencies A Map Mode data entry option makes it easy to combine already reduced traverse information from record maps with field observations in a GIS network Maps with different basis of bearings can are combined by automatic conversion of adjacent bearings into neutral turned angles Add differential leveled observations to conventional and GPS vector observations in a 3D adjustment to add to the confidence of your resulting elevations In the Professional edition flexible weighting options rel
12. stations with fixed north east and elevation values and one station with a fixed elevation Project Folder ENStarplus StarNet Demo Examples Data File List Vectorob dat The second file contains the imported vectors for this project For simplicity we have already imported the vectors into a file for this example and it appears in the data file list with the same name as the project and with a GPS extension In the next step we ll actually go through the exercise of running the GPS importer to show you how this file was created But while we are still in the Data Files dialogue let s review the vector file Highlight the VectorJob Gps file in the list and press the View button B Yectorob Gps ol x GPS WEIGHT COVARIANCE GO V1 Dayl25 1 14 14 00120013 55F G1 0012 0013 507 727507 5749 936110 8484 248757 G2 6 28935385644552E 008 2 06625279624819E 007 7 58668347058871E 008 G3 7 0611873871973 1E 008 1 86927109221877E 008 6 31652646092924E 008 GO V2 Day125 1 14 14 00120016 55F G1 0012 0016 5291 643580 4337 804352 3048 755348 G2 3 98576651985032E 008 1 4426157006713 6E 007 5 07546169262266E 008 G3 4 37312438134303 E 008 1 222585196153 60E 008 4 48392388320672 E 008 GO V3 Dayl27 2 00 34 00130015 55F G1 0013 0015 4725 684625 1175 976652 1127 564218 1 021747485833 50E 007 2 19210810829205E 007 1 23924502584092 E 007 6 06552466633441E 008 5 58807795027874E 008 9 110507267582 63E 008
13. Open the Net2D prj example project Choose Input gt Data Files or press the Data Files tool button to open the Data Files dialogue Then press View to view the Net2D dat example data file Note that the Measure lines contain horizontal angle and distance observations from one station to another The standard errors for observations normally default to Instrument setting values defined in the Project Options as discussed in the last example However for illustration purposes explicit standard errors have been added to one of the data lines in this example Close the view window Run the adjustment by choosing Run gt Adjust Network or by pressing the Run Adjustment tool button Choose Output gt Plot or press the Network Plot tool button to view the network graphically Experiment by resizing the plot window larger and smaller by dragging the corners or edge of the plot window Zoom into a section of the plot by dragging your mouse pointer around some part of the network For example drag a zoom box around just points 1 and 2 Note the status information at the bottom of the plot window The North and East coordinates are shown for the location of the mouse pointer as you move it around the plot The Width value shown is the width of the plot window in ground units FeetUS in this example This width value will give you a good sense of scale when you are zoomed way into a very dense plot Zoom out by pressing the Zoom All butt
14. STAR NET V6 Least Squares Survey Adjustment Package Ten Station Demonstration Program A Tour of STAR NET Including STAR NET PRO Features STARPLUS SOFTWARE INC 460 Boulevard Way Oakland CA 94610 510 653 4836 TOUR OF THE STAR NET PACKAGE Overview STAR NET performs least squares adjustments of 3D and three 3D survey networks The standard edition handles networks containing conventional terrestrial observations The professional edition adds the handling of GPS vectors plus full support for geoid and vertical deflection modeling during an adjustment The software is menu driven and allows you to edit your input data run your adjustment and view the adjustment results both graphically and in a listing report all from within the program Although STAR NET is easy to use it is also very powerful and utilizes rigorous adjustment and analysis techniques In 3D mode it performs a simultaneous adjustment of 3D data not simply an adjustment of horizontal followed by an adjustment of vertical STAR NET is ideal for the adjustment of traditional interconnected traverse networks It is equally suited to the analysis of data sets for establishing control for close range photogrammetry and structural deformation monitoring This tutorial includes examples designed to acquaint you with the general capabilities of the STAR NET and STAR NET PRO packages It contains the following STAR NET Demo Program Installation Instructions Exam
15. alent geodetic positions rather than grid coordinates simply to illustrate use of that data type Results will be identical either way Conventional observations in the network include a traverse and four ties from traverse stations to two of the GPS stations The traverse lines and the tie observations the M lines include turned angles slope distances and zenith angles Instrument and target heights are also included 37 4 Run the network adjustment The Processing Summary window opens and the adjustment converges in a few iterations The total Error Factor was slightly greater than 1 but the adjustment passed the Chi Square test 5 View the network plot Note that although the standard errors for the conventional observations were set quite small indicating use of high quality instruments and field procedures the error ellipses for points observed only by these observations are noticeably larger than those observed by GPS vectors If you wish bring up the plot properties dialogue and turn on both relative ellipses and point descriptors Experiment by double clicking points and lines to see the adjusted information including ellipse and relative ellipse sizes 6 View the listing file Note that listing sections reviewing unadjusted and adjusted observations now include both conventional and GPS vector observations Find the Statistical Summary listing section and review how each type of observation angle
16. and edit these data these files external to STAR NET or more conveniently right from the Data Files dialogue by highlighting a file name and pressing Edit When you installed the STAR NET demo program the windows Notepad editor was assigned as the default editor However if you have a text editor you would rather have STAR NET to use choose File gt Set Editor to make the change Set Editor X Editor Command Name Notepad Browse Cancel Help Browse for the editor of your choice and press OK Note that you should normally refrain from using most word processors since they often insert special formatting characters that cannot be correctly interpreted by the STAR NET program Input Data Files This section is included for users of the STAR NET Demo Program who want to change the sample input data files or create their own files More detailed information may be found in the STAR NET User s Manual which is supplied with the purchase of the full STAR NET or STAR NET PRO package STAR NET input data files are standard text that can be created with a text editor Data files can also be generated as output from some another program such as a third party COGO program or a data collector routine For example Starplus Software has developed several utility programs which convert from raw field files TDS SDR33 SMI etc to formats used in STAR NET Therefore you might often create a data file external to the p
17. ating to GPS allow for easy integration of vectors with conventional observations Full geoid and deflection modeling can be performed during the network adjustment as well as manual definition of geoid heights and vertical deflections at individual stations STARPLUS SOFTWARE INC
18. can be used simply as a data reduction tool And had we been working in some grid coordinate system for example NAD83 or UTM all the observations would have also been reduced to grid producing adjusted grid coordinates View the resulting network graphically many sideshots fill the plot screen Zoom into a small group of sideshots Right click the plot screen to bring up the Quick Change menu and click the Show Sideshot Descriptors item to turn on viewing of descriptors Descriptors often clutter up a plot view so by default you will usually leave them turned off You can also turn sideshots off and on in the Quick Change menu by unchecking and checking the Show Sidehots item Take a quick look at the adjustment listing file Looking through the listing you will see a review of the input sideshot observation data as well as final sideshot coordinates in the Sideshot Coordinates Computed After Adjustment section These computed sideshot coordinates along with the traverse coordinates also appear in the points output file created during the processing This file can be viewed by choosing Output gt Coordinates as illustrated in earlier examples This completes the review of the Sideshots example project 25 Example 7 Preanalysis This example demonstrates using STAR NET in the preanalysis of survey networks Preanalysis means that the network will be solved using approximate coordinates to locate the station
19. d stations plus a fixed elevation Grid Coordinates are used for constraints in this example C 0012 230946 1786 120618 7749 224 299 North Rock C 0017 218691 2153 131994 0354 209 384 80 1339 E 0013 205 450 BM 9331 28 1 Open the VectorJob prj example project 2 Choose Options gt Project or press the Project Options tool button Project Options 1 0000000000 i tO z Reducete a Gorman Elevation 0 000 Meters Options in the Adjustment tab are settings that describe the project Note that the Adjustment Type is set is 3D and the Coordinate System is set to Grid When a project contains GPS vectors these two options must always be set this way This example project is set to use NAD83 Arizona Central zone 0202 The Average Geoid Height is set to 32 20 meters For simplicity we will not be performing geoid modeling in this tutorial example therefore this value will be assigned as the geoid height to all stations in the project Vertical deflections affect only gravity based conventional observations such as zenith angles azimuths and angles For networks containing only GPS vectors adjustment results are not affected by values entered in these two fields If you wish review the next four option tabs General Instrument Listing File and Other Files They contain typical settings you have seen before while reviewing the tutorial in the main manual The
20. dow large enough for your viewing convenience This location and size will be remembered Take a few minutes to scroll through the listing and review its contents For quick navigation use the tool buttons on the window frame to jump forward or backward in the file one heading at a time a whole section at a time or to the end or top of the file For quicker navigation to any section in the file right click anywhere on the listing or press the Index Tree tool button to pop up a Listing Index as shown above Click any section in this index to jump there Click and in the index to open and close sections as you would in Windows Explorer Relocate the index window to a convenient location it will stay Check the Keep on Top box on the index window if you want it to always be present when the listing is active Using one of the navigation methods described above go to the section named Summary of Unadjusted Input Observations Note that each observation has a standard error assigned to it These are the default values assigned by the program using the project options instrument settings reviewed earlier in step 5 Still in the listing further on look at the Statistical Summary This important section indicates the quality of the adjustment and how well each type of data such as angles distances etc fit into the overall adjusted network Always review the Adjusted Observations and Residuals section It sho
21. e Geoid Height This value is always entered in meters and it is important to use the correct sign It s negative in the contiguous United States You can also enter average deflections of the vertical due to gravity Positive values are in north and east directions These values can normally be left at zero but if there are significant deflections in your project area i e several seconds entering realistic values here should give you better results Examine the data file if you wish As mentioned before the observation data for this example is identical to the previous example except that the entered control coordinates are grid coordinates consistent with NAD83 California zone 0403 The same data set was used for this example so that if you wish you can compare output results from two identical jobs one run as local and the other as grid Run the network adjustment Look at the network graphically it will look the same as in the last example However if you double click any of the adjusted points the displayed coordinates will now of course be grid coordinates View the output Listing file and browse through the various sections as you did in the last example But since this job is a grid adjustment you will find some new information present Go down to the Adjusted Station Information section First comes the adjusted grid coordinates Then directly following are the computed geodetic positions and ellipsoid hei
22. en the Sideshots prj example project View the input data file Note that the sideshots are entered with the SS code Scroll down and view the entire file the data includes quite a number of sideshots Most of the sideshots also have a text descriptor at the end of the line which is marked with a single or double quote character Remember that the sideshots are processed after the adjustment and do not slow down the network processing It is also important to remember that since sideshots are not actually part of the adjusted network and that you cannot occupy a sideshot or backsight to one You cannot take a sideshot to the same point and expect that point to be adjusted In all these cases you should enter your observations with an M data line which is included in the actual adjustment For simplicity sideshots in this example were all entered following the traverse However they may be freely intermixed with traverse data or any other types of data to preserve the same order recorded in your field book or data collector Run the adjustment The adjustment of the traverse proceeds very quickly and the sideshots are processed independently after the adjustment is completed Note that in this particular example the main traverse is simply an open ended traverse that doesn t even tie into a known station So in this case although all points are computed nothing is really adjusted This illustrates how STAR NET
23. ered if you are asking the program to reduce your observations to some common datum but this is not the case in this sample job so we ve left the value at zero Other important calculations based on this average project elevation are described in the full manual Note that only relevant items on this options page are active For example other sections in this menu page and other pages will be active or inactive grayed out depending on whether a job is 2D or 3D or Local or Grid 4 Review the General options by clicking the General tab This page includes settings that are very general in nature that you seldom need to change during the life of a job Some of these settings are actually preferences which describe the order you normally enter your coordinates North East or visa versa or the station name order you prefer when entering angles At From To or From At To 5 Review the Instrument options page Here you see default values used in the adjustment such as standard errors for each of the data type instrument and target centering errors and distance and elevation difference proportional PPM errors These are some of the most important parameters in the program since they are used in the weighting of your observation data 0 00000 keetis ZE Bley Dit arrstarits BIE Dit Note that instrument and target centering errors can be included to automatically inflate the standard error values for d
24. errors M P25 12 HUB 163 43 30 1297 65 4 0 03 The following table lists data types in the STAR NET and STAR NET PRO packages These codes may be entered in upper or lower case Meaning Remainder of line is a comment and is ignored Coordinate values for a station Elevation value for a station Geodetic Position for a station Grid jobs only Turned Angle Distance Zenith Angle or Elevation Difference 3D data only Distance and Vertical 3D Data only Bearing or Azimuth Measure Observations to another network point Bearing Measure Observations to another network point Sideshot Observations to a sideshot point Traverse Begin Traverse All observations to next network point Traverse End Begin Direction Set Direction Direction with Measure Data End Direction Set Define Differential Leveling Weighting Differential Level Measurement GPS Vector Professional Edition Geoid Height Value Professional Edition Vertical Deflection Value Professional Edition Note that to keep this tutorial somewhat short and easy to review in a reasonable amount of time all data type codes have not been illustrated in the example projects The full STAR NET manual along with the STAR NET PRO edition supplement fully describes and illustrates all data types shown here 41 Following the data type code on a line of data is the name of one two or three stations depending on the type of data line being entered Multiple names are se
25. feature to support certain government such as ACSM ALTA requirements but is not discussed in this tutorial The GPS and Modeling option tabs are active in the PRO edition See the last two examples in this tutorial for a description of the GPS options menu This concludes a brief overview of the Project Options menus After you are finished reviewing these menus press OK to close the dialogue 10 Our next step is to review the input data Choose Input gt Data Files or press the 11 Input Data Files tool button In this dialogue you can add data files to your project remove files edit and view them or rearrange their position in the list The order of the list is the order files are read during an adjustment You can also uncheck a file to temporarily eliminate it from an adjustment handy when debugging a large project containing many files This simple project includes only one data file Project Folder EAStarplus StaNetDemo Examples Data File List Trav2D dat View the highlighted data file by pressing the View button A view window opens so you can scroll through a file of any size Take a minute to review the data and then close the window when finished To edit the file rather than view it you would press the Edit button or simply double click its name in the list Note that the Input Data dialogue automatically closes when you view or edit a file Otherwise for the ot
26. from the text editor Now rerun the preanalysis by choosing Run gt Preanalysis again Review the new results graphically as described in Step 4 above Notice the increased positional confidence provided by the addition of the proposed bearing observation The ellipses we were concerned with are now smaller and more round If you wish to see the actual ellipse dimensions double click any point on the plot or of course you can view the error ellipse information in the listing file as suggested below Take a quick look through the listing Even though no actual observations were provided as input observation values angles and distances will be shown in the listing These values are inversed from the given coordinates and standard errors are assigned to these proposed observations from the Project Options Instrument menu settings And of course station ellipses and relative ellipses are also shown their computed values being the main purpose for making a preanalysis run This completes the review of the Preanalysis example project 27 Example 8 Simple GPS Network This example demonstrates the major steps you would go through to setup and adjust a simple network made up of only GPS vectors You will set a few required project options review the main data file which defines the coordinate constraints import a few vectors from Trimble GPSurvey baseline files and adjust the network Simple GPS Network Fully constrained two fixe
27. full operating manual When you are finished viewing the adjusted network plot let s continue on and review the output adjustment listing next 10 13 To view the listing choose Output gt Listing or press the Listing tool button Ey Tra 2D_Lst iol x oa Te Adjusted Observations and Residuals Listing Index Tree x Top of File Summary of Files Used and Option Settings Adjusted Angle Observations DMS At From To Angle Residual StdErr St Summary of Unadjusted Input Observations 1 6 2 99 47 25 73 0 00 00 73 3 00 Adjustment Statistical Summary 2 1 3 115 10 00 58 0 00 00 58 3 00 Adjusted Coordinates 3 2 4 94 51 52 62 0 00 00 38 3 00 and Residuals 4 3 5 216 46 08 95 0 00 00 05 3 00 Adjusted Bearings and Horizontal Distances 5 4 6 106 26 42 45 o 00 00 45 3 00 E Traverse Closures of Unadjusted Observations 6 5 a 86 57 49 67 0 00 00 67 3 00 Error Propagation 3 2 7 225 47 02 80 0 00 00 80 3 00 End of File 7 3 8 97 31 36 84 0 00 00 84 3 00 8 T 9 115 14 56 80 0 00 00 20 3 00 3 8 5 83 45 27 60 0 00 00 40 3 00 9 8 10 156 15 43 77 0 00 00 23 3 00 10 9 6 106 12 31 68 0 00 00 32 3 00 6 10 1 164 00 41 79 0 00 00 21 3 00 M Keep On Top Adjusted Distance Observations FeetUS From To Distance Residual StdErr StdRes a 2 205 0400 0 0100 0 0210 0 5 2 3 134 1879 0 0021 0 0207 0 1 3 4 105 4495 0 0095 0 0205 0 5 The listing file shows the results for the entire adjustment First locate and size the listing win
28. ghts as shown in the listing window below B Grid3D Lst joj x KER ee E a i Adjusted Positions and Ellipsoid Heights FeetUS Average Geoid Height 32 000 Meters 104 987 FeetUS Station Latitude Longitude Ellip Ht Al 38 00 00 000012 120 59 59 999970 195 0133 a2 37 59 58 563638 121 00 26 225338 193 9033 1 38 00 03 892714 120 59 46 458714 162 9846 2 38 00 20 711499 120 59 44 366676 134 9223 3 38 00 21 255065 121 00 02 691390 132 4198 4 38 00 41 186395 121 00 06 878247 56 8297 5 38 00 34 418526 121 00 22 082169 96 0618 Convergence Angles DMS and Grid Factors at Stations Grid Azimuth Geodetic Azimuth Convergence Elevation Factor Includes a 32 00 Meter Geoid Height Correction Convergence Factors Station Angle Elevation Combined 0 18 22 02 99993859 99999067 99992926 0 18 38 07 99993856 99999073 99992928 0 18 13 73 99993867 99999220 99993087 0 18 12 45 99993903 99999355 99993258 0 18 23 67 99993904 99999367 99993271 0 18 26 23 99993947 99999728 99993 675 0 18 35 54 99993932 99999541 99993473 roject Averages 0 18 24 53 99993895 99999336 99993231 ooo0o00000 ooa0o00000 ooo000000 As shown above next comes a listing of convergence angles and scale factors computed at every station in the network The factors include the grid scale factor the elevation factor and the resulting combined factor 20 In the Adjusted Bearings and Horizontal Distances section previously seen in
29. gned to these observations will be larger less weight for angles with short sights than for those with long sights Further down in the listing review the adjustment statistical summary Since this is a 3D job you now see additional items in this list Review the remaining sections and note the differences from the previous 2D adjustment listing in the first two example projects In the Traverse Closures section for example vertical traverse closures are shown And in the Error Propagation section standard deviations are shown for elevations and vertical confidences for ellipses This completes the review of the Trav3D example project 17 Example 4 Three Dimensional Grid Job This example demonstrates the ability of STAR NET to reduce ground observations to a grid system plane during the processing of a network adjustment The following example is the same 3D multiple traverse network illustrated in the previous example All ground observations are identical only the coordinates have been changed to be consistent with NAD83 California Zone 0403 3D Traverse Grid Job C Al 2186970 930 6417594 370 300 00 C A2 2186836 940 6415494 520 298 89 TB traverse backsight to A2 163 59 26 0 1153 67 91 35 30 115 35 06 8 1709 78 90 56 41 0 25 5 30 6 86 31 37 9 1467 74 90 05 56 2 6 le 5 5 31 5 32 5 26 5 31 5 15 5 22 to Station 1 82 07 57 7 2161 76 88 20 39 75 45 17 6 1 closing ang mi
30. hanges for Each Iteration Conventional Observations Appearance M Show Azimuths as Bearings Sort Coordinates by Input Order Name Sort Unadjusted Input Observations by Input Order C Name Sort Adjusted Observations and Residuals by Input Order Name Residual Size Note that the Traverse Closures section is also checked This creates a nicely formatted summary of your traverses and traverse closures in the listing You ll see these and the other selected sections later in this tutorial project once you run the adjustment and then view the listing The last part of this options page allows you so set options that affect the appearance of observations or results in the listing Note that you can choose to have your unadjusted and adjusted observation listing sections shown in the same order the observations were found in your data or sorted by station names You can also choose to have the adjusted observations listing section sorted by the size of their residuals sometimes helpful when debugging a network adjustment Finally review the Other Files options page This menu allows you to select additional output files to be created during an adjustment run For example you can choose to have a coordinate points file created Or when adjusting a grid job you can choose to have a geodetic positions file created Adjustment General Instrument Listing File Other Files Special GPS Modeling
31. he Grid3D example project Since this was the first grid job in our tutorial examples we went into extra detail reviewing the option settings and output sections relating to grid adjustments 21 Example 5 Resection This example demonstrates the use of STAR NET in solving a resection problem involving the measurement of angles from 6 known stations to an unknown point Resection Approximate location for the unknown station Cc P48 104500 93600 Fixed coordinates for the known stations 90132 03 88237 92 97418 58 82279 10 98696 21 81802 35 102911 40 80330 69 111203 37 95234 19 103278 43 106872 91 AAAANAAH Occupy P48 and turn angles to known stations 37 35 00 5 56 19 19 56 18 115 34 35 78 09 31 102 48 30 A A A A A A 22 Open the Resection prj example project Review the project options if you wish This is a standard 2D local project Examine the input data file cy Note that all station coordinates are fixed with the symbol except for the unknown instrument station P48 which is free The angles default to the standard error for angles set in the Project Options Instrument options menu Run the adjustment Review the processing summary on the screen Note that in the short statistical summary the only observation type listed is the angle and the adjustment passes the Chi Square test Look at the network graphically You will
32. her functions you would press OK to exit the dialogue Run the adjustment Choose Run gt Adjust Network or press the Run Adjustment tool button A Processing Summary window opens to show the progress 4 Processing Summary iol x When the adjustment finishes a short Loading Network Data Sade ae eo statistical summary 1s shown in the progress window indicating how each Performing Network Adjustment u Iteration 1 type of data fit the adjustment The SRE total error factor is shown and an Iteration 3 e iteration 4 l indication whether the Chi Square Solution Has Converged in 4 Iterations ke x Test passed a test on the goodness Statistical Summary i Observation Count Error Factor of the adjustment Angles 13 0 31 Distances 12 1 35 y S z Bearings 1 0 00 After adjusting a network you will Total 26 0 95 x Adjustment Passed Chi Square Test at 5 Level want to view the plot or review the adjustment listing Performing Error Propagation Writing Output Files Network Processing Completed We ll view the network plot next Elapsed Time 00 00 01 12 To view the plot choose Output gt Plot or press the Network Plot tool button E Qan SOANE Inverse Points x From Point 4 To Point fe N 54527 E 5375 8 Width 672 87 FeetUS Resize and locate the plot window for viewing convenience The size and location of most windows in STAR NET are remembered from run to ru
33. ident that all observations are fitting together well then add any remaining fixed stations to the network The next example will add the vectors from this project to some conventional observations and you will run a combined network adjustment If you want to continue on to the next example turn the page for instructions 35 Example 9 Combining Conventional Observations and GPS This example demonstrates combining conventional observations and GPS vectors in a single adjustment We ll be using the same imported vectors and constraints as in the last example only now a traverse and some ties have been added to the network Combining Conventional Observations and GPS Vectors Latitudes and Longitudes are used as constraints in this example The VectorJob GPS file is added in the Data Files Dialogue 0012 33 04 44 24402 112 54 36 04569 224 299 North Rock 0017 32 58 09 73117 112 47 13 55717 209 384 AZDOT 80 1339 0013 205 450 BM 9331 0012 0013 67 58 23 g 90 04 44 0051 160 18 01 90 14 33 0052 213 47 22 5 89 43 20 E SW Bridge 0053 198 52 17 89 58 19 0018 Ties to GPS points 0051 0013 0015 240 35 47 90 27 52 0052 0051 0015 320 50 46 J 90 05 49 0052 0051 0016 142 02 01 90 07 37 0053 0052 0016 61 14 43 3 90 20 19 0012 36 Open the VectorCombined prj example project Review the Project Options if you wish Since this project contains conventional observations the I
34. ines in the example projects For a least squares adjustment to work coordinates fixed or approximate must be known for all stations in the network Fortunately STAR NET has the ability to look through all your data and figure out the approximate coordinates based on the actual angle and distance observation information in the data file Often however you will have to enter an approximate coordinate or two to help STAR NET get started calculating other approximate coordinates For example in the first sample project on page 4 we gave an approximate coordinate value for the first traverse backsight point This is discussed in detail in the full STAR NET User s Manual All STAR NET data lines follow the same general format as shown below The first one or two characters of a line of data form the code that defines the content of the line Next comes the station name s followed by the observation s and the standard error s As explained in the STAR NET User s Manual the standard errors are used to define how much importance weight a particular observation will have in the adjustment Normally you would simply set default standard errors for a project and not include them on your data lines The line below defines a single distance observation with an explicit standard error TOWER 822 932 66 0 03 Likewise the line below defines a full set of 2D measurements angle and distance from one point to another plus the respective standard
35. is listing for your records This file is a text file having the name of your project plus a Ist extension A listing file named Trav3D Ist therefore was created by running this example The listing file can be printed from within the program by choosing File gt Print while the listing window is open and active The adjusted coordinates for this project are in a file named Trav2D pts and like the listing file can be simply printed from within the program Since the points are in text format many COGO programs will be able to read them directly However for your convenience there is a Points Reformatter utility that can be run from the Tools menu This utility allows export adjusted coordinates to several standard formats as well as custom formats defined by you Another utility available from the Tools menu is a DXF Exporter which creates a network plot in AutoCAD compatible DXF format STAR NET offers many options and has extensive features not described in this tutorial but in general most adjustments can be performed in the straight forward fashion illustrated by this example At this point you may wish to go back and review the actual data file used for this example Note that the Traverse mode of data entry is very easy and efficient Multiple traverses can be entered in one file and additional distance and angle observations can be freely mixed with the traverse data so as to keep obse
36. istance and angle observations Entering horizontal centering errors causes angles with short sights to be less important in an adjustment than those with long sights Likewise in 3D jobs a vertical centering error can also be included to cause zenith angles with short sights to be less important in an adjustment than those with long sights Review the Listing File options page These options allows you to control what sections will be included in the output listing file when you run an adjustment Note that the Unadjusted Observations and Weighting item is checked This causes an organized review of all of your input observations sorted by data type to be included in the listing an important review of your input The Adjusted Observations and Residuals section is of course the most important section since it shows you what changes STAR NET made to your observations during the adjustment process these are the residuals Adjustment General Instrument Listing File Other Files Special GPS Modeling r Unadjusted Contents M Observations and Weighting E m Adjusted Contents M Observations and Residuals M Traverse Closures M Coordinates M Station Standard Deviations IV Sideshot Coordinates M Station Error Elipses JM Geodetic Position IV Connection Relative Ellipses J Gorvergence end Gnd Factor I Coordinate Changes from Entered Provisionals IV Azimuths and Horizontal Distances I Coordinate C
37. lates the standard errors The Transformations box is checked and a choice has been made to solve for scale and three rotations around North East and Up axes during the adjustment Solving for these transformations often helps best fit vectors to your station constraints by removing systematic errors or biases that may exist in vector data Finally in the Listing Appearance options certain output preferences are set for various listing items including how you like to see vector weighting expressed and how both unadjusted and adjusted vectors data should be sorted Note that in this sections it has been chosen to show a Residual Summary section in the listing We ll review this very useful report later 4 Review the Modeling tab It is here that you select to perform both geoid modeling and deflection modeling during an adjustment For simplicity in this demo tutorial we are not going to perform any modeling The average geoid height specified on the Adjustment options page will be applied to all stations in the network 5 This concludes the overview of the Project Options for this example After you are finished reviewing the options press OK to close the dialogue 30 6 Next review the input data Choose Input gt Data Files or press the Input data tool button Note there are two files in the list The first file is the main data file shown at the beginning of this example It simply contains two
38. ming 3D adjustments another optional entry is normally added following the standard error values if any This is the height of instrument and height of target or HI HT data entry For example if an HI is 5 25 and an HT is 5 73 the two values would be entered as a 5 25 5 73 entry This entry is illustrated in all the 3D examples Point Descriptors may be added to most data lines Point Descriptors begin with a single or double quote character These descriptors are listed with the final adjusted coordinates in the resulting points file You have seen the use of these descriptors in several of the example projects There are additional data types and data entry modes not mentioned here which are fully described in the STAR NET User s Manual For example in 3D data entry horizontal distances and delta elevations can be input as well as slope distances and zenith angles Also Traverse Begin and Traverse End data lines have options for backsighting and closing to fixed bearings 42 The following are standard formats for most of the conventional observation data types that have been illustrated in this tutorial Formats for other data types direction sets elevation differences differential leveling etc are not shown Observations in parentheses are those entered for 3D data Items in brackets are optional The C Code Station Coordinates North East Elevation Std Errors The A Code Horizontal Angle The D C
39. n Experiment with the tool keys to zoom in and zoom out Also zoom in to any selected location by dragging a zoom box around an area with your mouse Use the Pan tool to set a panning mode and small hand appears as your mouse pointer which you can drag around to pan the image Click the Pan tool again to turn the mode off Use the Find tool to find any point in a large network Use the Inverse tool to inverse between any two points on the plot Type names into the dialogue or simply click points on the plot to fill them in example above and press Inverse Pop up a Quick Change menu by right clicking anywhere on the plot Use this menu to quickly turn on or off items names markers ellipses on the plot Click the Properties tool button to bring up a plot properties dialogue to change many plotting options at one time including which items to show and sizing properties of names markers and error ellipses Double click any point on the plot to see its adjusted coordinate values and error ellipse dimensions Double click any line on the plot to see its adjusted azimuth length elevation difference for 3D jobs and relative ellipse dimensions Choose File gt Print Preview or File gt Print or the respective tool buttons on the program s mainframe tool bar to preview or print a plot More details using the various plot tools to view your network and printing the network plot are discussed in the
40. ns are now active Centering errors of 0 005 feet have been set for both horizontal and vertical centering which will affect standard errors for all our measurements Shorter sightings will receive less weight Examine the input data file Note that each traverse line now contains additional data elements the zenith angle and an HI HT entry giving the instrument and target heights Coordinate lines now contain an elevation value The sample data file contains two small connecting traverses The TB traverse begin lines indicate the beginning backsights and the TE traverse end lines indicate at which station the traverses end In this example they both contain an optional closing angle STAR NET will use this information in the traverse closure listing as well as entering them as observations in the adjustment Additional redundancy is provided by an M data line containing angle distance and vertical information between points on the two traverses Run the network adjustment and then look at the network graphically Double click any of the adjusted points and note the displayed information now includes adjusted elevations and vertical confidence statistics View the output Listing file Review the unadjusted observations and note that the standard errors for all angles and zenith angles are no longer constant values Because of the centering error values entered in the instrument options the standard errors assi
41. nstrument options settings will be relevant in the adjustment Note that the standard error values entered for the turned angle distance and zenith angle observations are quite small indicating that high quality instruments and field procedures are being used The GPS option settings are the same as in the first example project When combining conventional observations with GPS vectors it is particularly important to carefully set weighting parameters in the Instrument options as well as in the GPS options since standard errors determine the relative influence of each type of data in the adjustment Open the Input Data Files dialogue There are two files in the list The first file named VectorCombined Dat contains the station constraints and conventional observations and the second file named VectorJob Gps contains GPS vectors imported to that file in the last example project This file was simply added to the data file list by pressing the Add button and selecting the file View either of these files if you wish otherwise press OK to exit the dialogue Project Folder EAStarplus StarNet Demo Examples Data File List M sectorCombined dat Edit View Remove Up LAE EE Down Cancel Help Note that in the VectorCombined Dat file contents shown on the first page of this example the same stations have been constrained as were in the last project except they are entered as equiv
42. ode Distance Slope Distance if 3D The V Code Zenith Angle 3D Data Only The B Code Bearing or Azimuth The M Code Measurement All Observations to Next Point M Angle Distance Zenith HI HT Std Errors The SS Code Sideshot All Observations to a Sideshot Point Angle Distance Zenith HI HT The TB Code Traverse Begin Backsight point The T Code Traverse to Next Point One or more data lines The TE Code Traverse End Ending point Backsight Station Name or Backsight Bearing Angle Distance Zenith HI HT Std Errors Closing Angle plus Closing Station Name or Bearing 43 Additional Features STAR NET has many features not discussed in detail in this short tutorial including An AutoCAD DXF export tool transfers your network with ellipses station names and elevations In addition a Points Reformatter tool converts adjusted coordinates to several standard COGO formats as well as formats defined by you An Instrument Library facility allows you to define several unique weighting schemes standard errors centering errors PPM etc and apply them anywhere in your network data to handle multi instrument projects with little effort Station names may be entered as alpha numeric and up to 15 characters in length A sorting option causes them to be listed in the coordinate files by name or in order of their first encounter Another sorting option causes adjusted observations to be
43. on Right click anywhere on the plot to bring up the Quick Change menu Click the Show Relative Ellipses item to make relative ellipses display These ellipses represent the relative confidences in azimuth and distance between connections in the network Double click any line and to see its adjusted azimuth and distance values plus its relative ellipse dimensions Likewise double click any point to see its adjusted coordinates and ellipse dimensions Chapter 8 Analysis of Adjustment Output in the full manual includes an extensive discussion of error ellipse and relative error ellipse interpretation View the Listing File by choosing Output gt Listing or by pressing the Listing tool button Review the various parts of the listing in the same way you did for the last example Be sure to review the Statistical Summary section which indicates how well each group of observation types fit into the adjusted network Likewise you should always review the Adjusted Observations and Residuals section which shows how much STAR NET had to change your observations You would normally examine this list carefully especially if the adjustment fails the Chi Square test to look for possible problems with your data This completes the review of the Net2D example project 15 Example 3 Three Dimensional Traverse Network This example illustrates the adjustment of a three dimensional network Data includes two small trave
44. on standard errors default to the values set for the various data types in the Project Options Instrument menu If a specific standard error is required a place holder such as is required on the data line in place of the actual observation Run the preanalysis by choosing Run gt Preanalysis Note that if you were to make any other choice from the Run Menu such as Adjust Network or Data Check Only errors would result due to the missing observations View the network graphically Note that the resulting station error are larger for the stations furthest from the fixed station Also their shape and orientation suggest an azimuth deficiency in the network This is the purpose of running a preanalysis to study the strength of your planned survey network using only proposed field observations If you wish you can experiment with adding another observation to the network Open the Data Files dialogue by choosing Input gt Data Files or by pressing the Input Data Files tool button Press the Edit button or simply double click the highlighted data file in the list Locate the line in the data file that has a Bearing from Station 1003 to Station 3 Uncomment the line by deleting the symbol at the beginning of the line just before the B code Note that this data line has an explicitly entered standard error of 5 seconds This new data for example might represent an observed solar azimuth Save the file and exit
45. other examples in this tour the bearing shown is now a grid bearing and both grid and ground distances are now shown for every network connection Ey Grid3D_Lst lof x CE ee a a a Adjusted Bearings DMS and Horizontal Distances FeetUS Relative Confidence of Bearing is in Seconds Grid Bearing Grid Dist 95 RelConfidence Grnd Dist Brg Dist PPM NOS 55 29 29E 1709 4352 6 07 0 0971 56 8262 1709 5519 N87 32 52 1467 6350 6 63 0875 59 6060 1467 7338 N40 42 54 2745 0031 42 0929 33 8544 2745 1824 S05 24 55 2160 7066 03 0931 43 0799 2160 8558 360 56 44 1396 1139 14 0869 62 2243 1396 2036 349 03 46 2044 7969 65 0806 39 4100 2044 9324 s05 32 03 3641 8400 49 1064 29 2229 3642 0877 N70 20 22 1153 1470 19 0936 1725 1153 2276 586 20 56 2104 1206 00 0000 0002 2104 2694 Finally look at the Traverse Closures of Unadjusted Observations section Since this is a grid job the listing of traverse closures is based on unadjusted bearings and distances that are reduced to the grid plane See what other files were created by the adjustment by looking at the items that show up in the Output pulldown menu Before we ve seen the Coordinates file And now we see a Lat Longs geodetic positions file The creation of both these files were requested in the Project Options Other Files menu Go ahead and view one or both of these files if you want This completes the review of t
46. parated by a dash In the distance line shown on page 40 TOWER 822 defines the FROM and TO stations of the distance observation Station names may be 1 to 15 characters in length although only 10 characters are shown in most of the reports Next comes the actual observation or observations such as a distance turned angle zenith azimuth or bearing a direction or coordinates for a station Angular values may be entered in D M S format 123 44 55 66 or packed format 123 445566 the format commonly used by calculators Angles may also be entered in GONS For simplicity all examples in this tutorial are shown entered in D M S format Directly following the observations you can optionally enter standard error values for the observations A standard error may be entered as the actual value as a special symbol or simply left blank so that a default will be assigned When more than one observation is on the line you must either provide a standard error entry for each one or leave them all out The following table explains the various entries you can make for standard errors Entry Explanation Numeric Value An actual Standard Error value i e 0 03 Nothing Entered Defaults to the value defined in the global options The amp Symbol Defaults to the value defined in the global options The Symbol The observation is FIXED in the adjustment The Symbol The observation is FREE in the adjustment When perfor
47. ple 1 Two dimensional traverse network This example shows you the basic features of STAR NET and lets you run an adjustment and view the output results in both listing and graphical formats Example 2 Combined triangulation trilateration network Example 3 Three dimensional traverse network Example 4 Same three dimensional network but processed as a grid job Example 5 Resection Example 6 Traverse with sideshots Example 7 Preanalysis of a network Example 8 Simple GPS network Example 9 Combining conventional observations and GPS vectors Supplemental information Some extra details are included is you want to try out additional STAR NET features on your own using the demo program In this tutorial we will go through the same sequence of operations that you would normally follow when creating and adjusting a survey network but in these examples we will be just reviewing options and data not setting options and creating new data The normal sequence of operations one goes through in adjusting a survey project is the following set project options create input data run an adjustment review results including viewing both an adjusted network plot and an output listing report The demo program is a fully functional version of STAR NET It includes all the capabilities of the STAR NET and STAR NET PRO editions except that it is limited to an adjustment of 10 stations 100 observations and 15 GPS vector
48. ress the Windows Start button select Programs gt Starplus and then click the StarDemo selection to run the STAR NET demo program Example projects provided for this tutorial are located in a subfolder of your install directory named Examples Therefore Ifyou installed the demo in C Program Files Starplus StarNet Demo then The example projects are in C Program Files Starplus StarNet Demo Examples Each sample project consists of a Project file a file with a prj extension and at least one Data file a file with a dat extension An existing project is opened by selecting its prj file from the Open Project dialogue The Project file contains all the option settings for a project such as whether it is a 2D or 3D job a local or grid job all instrument standard error settings and much more information The project file also includes a list of all data files that are considered part of the project All options are preset for these sample projects so you can simply review them and not be concerned about setting or changing any yourself All Data files used in STAR NET are simple text files that may be prepared within the program or external to the program using any text editor All of the input data files for the sample projects are provided with full comments to help you get an idea of how to use STAR NET to handle your adjustment problems It is not required that yo
49. rogram and use the editing feature in STAR NET to modify the file as needed However you can also create the entire file by hand typing observation data from within the program Although STAR NET is flexible on how you can name your data files it is suggested that you use DAT extensions for files consisting of conventional observations and control coordinates and GPS for imported vectors For convenience the program automatically adds these extensions unless you specify otherwise For example if you create a project named SouthPark the program will offer SouthPark dat as a data file name in the Data Files dialogue 39 Several files are created during an adjustment run Each is given the project name but a different extension Using the SouthPark example project name some of the output files created will be SouthPark Ist adjustment results listing SouthPark pts adjusted coordinate points SouthPark pos adjusted geographical positions if the job was grid SouthPark gnd if you requested a ground scale coordinates file to be created etc Data Lines STAR NET input data files are relatively free in format Spacing on a line is up to you but the order of data elements on a line must conform to STAR NET s rules Generally lines begin with a one or two alphabetic character code identifying the type of data followed by the station names and actual observations You have seen many examples of these data l
50. rses with slope distances and zenith angles An extra cross tie is entered between the two traverses STAR NET can also accept 3D data in the form of horizontal distances and elevation differences 3D Traverse Network Al 10000 00 10000 00 1000 00 A2 9866 00 7900 00 99889 fob A2 backsight to A2 A1 163 59 26 0 1153 67 91 35 30 0 t 115 35 06 8 1709 78 90 56 41 6 2 86 31 37 9 1467 74 90 05 56 2 3 82 07 57 7 2161 76 88 20 39 6 Al 75 45 17 6 1 closing angle backsight 133 21 35 8 28 91 37 53 3 4 98 5 101 39 39 6 76 88 23 31 8 5 23 5 124 35 19 6 41 88 28 02 3 5 35 5 A2 80 48 52 2 closing angle to Al M 5 4 3 69 59 28 v25 89 00 41 0 6 21 5 aS ey 16 Open the Trav3D prj example project Take a look at the Project Options for this project Note that on the Adjustment options page the Adjustment Type is now set to 3D On the same menu down in the Local Jobs group of options we have the Default Datum Scheme set to Reduce to a Common Datum and the elevation value is set to 0 00 feet What this means is that we want the job reduced to sea level The controlling coordinates given in the data must be sea level values and during the adjustment observations will be internally reduced to this datum to produce sea level coordinates Also while in the Project Options review the Instrument settings page Note that all settings for vertical observatio
51. rvations in the same order as your field book The remaining examples illustrate more STAR NET capabilities and data types It is assumed after following all the steps detailed in this first example project that you are now somewhat familiar with the operation of the program The following examples do not always go into detail describing the individual program functions 13 Example 2 Combined Triangulation Trilateration 2D Network This example illustrates the adjustment of a simple triangulation trilateration network In the sample data file many data lines are entered using the M code This is the most commonly used data type meaning all measurements to another station All the remaining independent observation are entered on a single A and D data lines Combined Triangulation Trilateration 2D Network 1 5102 502 57932497 Bol 3 7294 498 6940 221 pol 2 5642 7017 Angle and Distance Observations at Perimeter 3 111 08 11 1653 87 6 77 24 52 1124 25 4 87 07 04 1364 40 6 40 58 15 951 92 5 120 26 52 1382 49 6 44 14 21 983 86 1 110 34 04 L13075 6 39 46 29 1493 54 2 110 43 40 1337 89 6 65 36 54 1548 61 OHO PB WWNONR KP PRUUABRWWNHD Angles at Center Point 6 5 4 64 01 01 4 3 89 36 55 3 2 105 18 27 2 1 57 28 12 Distance Cross ties 1 4 2070 76 2 5 2034 47 C C C Xf A i a ii a i it ii a A A A A D D 14
52. s Note that this tutorial documentation is not designed to be an operating manual It is intended only as a guide to the use of the demo program A complete fully detailed manual is provided with purchase of STAR NET To order the program or if you have questions about its use please contact STARPLUS SOFTWARE INC 460 Boulevard Way Oakland CA 94610 800 446 7848 sales and product information 510 653 4836 510 653 2727 Fax Email starplus earthlink net Installing the STAR NET Demo Program If you received diskettes insert the Install Diskette 1 in your drive and go to Step 1 If you downloaded or were emailed a single file install program simply double click the file in explorer to start the installation and go directly to Step 3 1 From the Windows taskbar select Start gt Run The Run windows appears 2 In the Open field type A SETUP substituting the letter of the diskette drive if you use a drive other than drive A Select OK 3 Follow the installer instructions Note that you can accept the default destination directory named C Program Files Starplus StarNet Demo or choose a different destination directory by browsing If you choose to designate a different installation destination we encourage you to create a separate directory for the demo not one already containing other programs from Starplus Software or other companies to eliminate the possibility of conflicts 4 After installing p
53. s and a list of observation stations to indicate which distances and angles are planned to be observed No actual field data are required STAR NET will analyze the geometric strength of the network using the approximate layout and the instrument accuracies supplied as observation standard errors The predicted accuracy of each station will be computed and error ellipses generated Preanalysis is a powerful tool that will help you to test various network configurations before any field work is done or to test the effects of adding measurements to an existing network You can use any of the 2D and 3D data types provided for in STAR NET to define a proposed survey In this simple 2D example we traverse around the perimeter use measure lines to define some cross ties and then fill in some angles Uncomment this line to add another bearing 1001 1002 1 1 2 1005 1 2 1006 1001 1 1006 1001 1 1007 1002 1001 1007 1002 1001 1003 1004 1002 1003 1003 1007 1002 1003 1007 1004 1007 1006 1001 1007 1006 1002 1006 1005 1 1006 1005 1001 1005 2 1 26 Open the Preanalysis prj example project This is a 2D project View the input data file Note that all stations have been given approximate coordinates This defines the network geometry Note also that the list of distance and angle data lines contains no field observations Observati
54. tion Press Close to exit the vector importer Project Options have been set and all input data files created so now we can adjust the network Choose Run gt Adjust Network or press the Run Adjustment button The Processing Summary window opens and the network adjustment iterations finish quickly Note that the total Error Factor was low less than 1 00 and the adjustment passed the Chi Square test Review the network plot if you wish Note that the geometry for point 0015 seems rather weak and the error ellipse for that point is larger than those for the other points In the next example we will run a traverse from 0013 to 0018 and make ties from the traverse to points 0015 and 0016 33 10 View the output Listing file and browse through the various sections especially the output sections relating to GPS vectors Go to the Summary of Unadjusted Input Observations section where you will first see the list of controlling coordinates Directly following will be the unadjusted vectors showing the lengths and standard errors of the Delta X Y and Z components of each vector expressed in the earth centered Cartesian system Standard errors shown for these components include the affects of any Factoring and Centering Errors set in the options Next go to the Adjusted Observations and Residuals section The first part of this section shows solutions of the transformations requested in the GPS options
55. u edit any of these sample data files when running the sample projects In the following examples in this tour the instructions simply ask you to open a named project Choose File gt Open Project or press the Open tool button and the following dialog will appear allowing you to open one of the existing example projects Open Existing Project 2 x lookin ea trees ea a aa i i Trav3D prj Net2D prj VectorCombined prj Preanalysis prj Vectonob prj Resection prj Sideshots prj Trav2D prj Files of type StarNet Projects pri x Cancel Za If for some reason the example projects as shown above do not appear browse to the folder you installed the STAR NET demo open the sub folder named Examples and you will find them there Note For the sake of simplicity in this tutorial the dialogues that show the path of the example projects will indicate that the Starplus directory exists right at the root Example 1 Two Dimensional Traverse Network The first example project demonstrates the functioning of STAR NET s main menu system You will run an adjustment for a project then view the results in both graphical and listing formats After running this example you should have a basic understanding of how the program works Later examples will show more data types and go into more detail about program options Or C C 99 47 25 115 10 00 94 51 53 216 46 09 106 26 42 86 57 49
56. w 133 21 35 8 28 91 37 53 3 4 98 5 12 101 39 39 6 76 88 23 31 8 5 23 5 25 124 35 19 6 41 88 28 02 3 5 35 5 30 E A2 80 48 52 25 Al closing angle to Station Al HHHHH HHHHHA M 5 4 3 69 59 28 7 2045 25 89 00 41 0 6 21 5 25 Ke 6 we 18 1 Open the Grid3D prj example project 2 Open the Project Options for this job and review the Adjustment options page You will see some differences from the adjustment options in the last example project Project Options 1 0000000000 0 000 E First you will note that the Coordinate System is set to Grid and the actual grid system chosen from the dropdown selection list is NAD83 Other selections are NAD27 UTM and Custom User defined and international grids come under the category of Custom The zone currently selected as indicated on the large selection button is California Zone 0403 How is a zone selected Simply press the large selection button to bring up the zone selection dialogue Give it a try Select NAD83 Zone 0403 CA Zone 3 Here you just select from the list to change zones Press Show Parameters to see the zones parameters Don t make a new selection now just press OK to exit 19 Before you exit the Project Options note another difference in the options from the previous example At the bottom of the menu is an options group specific to grid jobs Here you enter the averag
57. ws how much STAR NET had to change each observation to produce a best fit solution The size of these residuals may pinpoint trouble spots in your network data 11 14 15 Take a look at the Traverse Closures of Unadjusted Observations section This project had data entered in traverse form and in the Project Options this report was selected as one of the sections to include in the listing For each traverse courses are listed with unadjusted bearings or azimuths and horizontal distances When possible angular misclosures are shown along with the amount of error per angle The linear misclosures are shown based on unadjusted angles corrected by the per angle error Many governmental agencies want to see this kind of closure analysis But it is important to note however that these corrections are only for the benefit of this traverse closure listing Actual corrections to angles are calculated during the least squares adjustment and are shown as residuals At the end of the listing review the Error Propagation listing section You will find the standard deviation values and the propagated error ellipse information for all adjusted stations Also present are relative error ellipses between all station pairs connected by an observation This concludes the quick review of the listing You l note that much information is shown in this file it contains just about everything you might want to know about the results

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