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Manual RQ30

1. 9 Number of measurement values Table 51 Answer to triggering a measurement command After the measurement duration the measurement values are requested with the commands aDn Additionally single measurement cycles can be triggered with the SDI 12 commands aMn and aCn more accurate The meaning of n is shown in the table below SDI 12 command aMO aM1 aM2 aM3 aM4 aM5 aM6 aM7 aCo aC1 aC2 aC3 aC4 aC5 aC6 aC7 AUX 1 1 1 Water level 2 2 1 1 1 Main Velocity 3 3 1 1 2 2 values Quality SNR 4 4 2 2 3 3 Discharge 5 5 3 4 4 Cross section area 6 6 4 5 5 Learned velocity 7 7 5 6 6 Learned discharge 8 6 7 7 Opposite direction content Supply voltage Peak width CSR Area of the peak RMS at the PIC Amplification Amplification relation Signal relation Error code not used not used not used Table 52 Triggering of measurements with aMn and aCn 7 The positions of the measured and learned velocity and discharge can be switched with the menu item H G W v priority The value cannot be output with commands of the class M 84 The radar sensor confirms the receiving by returning an answer with information to the measurement duration and the number of measurement values These are then requested with the commands aDn 10 3 6 Parameterization commands
2. H M E MO information The main values are always included in a data output Additional special values and analysis values can be output see chapter 7 1 Values Parameter Description 1 main values Only the main values are output 2 default amp special values Main values and special values are output 3 amp analysis values Main special and analysis values are output H M F MO wake up sequence If output data is transmitted automatically without requesting the data to a recording device many devices demand a wake up sequence before the data can be received and processed The radar sensor has the possibility of a sync sequence and a prefix see chapter 7 2 5 The sync sequence is UU and is sent directly before the output string The prefix is a blank sent with a time delay before the output string Values Parameter Description 1 off No wake up sequence 2 sync UU directly before the output string 3 default prefix a blank with time delay before the output string 4 prefix amp sync a blank with time delay and UU directly before the output string H M G MO prefix holdback The hold back time of the prefix defines the time delay between the prefix and the output string Unit ms Milliseconds Value range 0 5000 300 default H M H MO inact timeout for prefix A prefix is used to
3. 7 4 2 Modbus default settings The radar sensor can be simply set to Modbus compatible settings with the command H M I MODBUS set default The settings include multiple parameters described in appendix 10 4 1 If the settings of the Modbus master do not match the Modbus default settings of the radar sensor the adoption of these parameters may only be performed after setting the radar sensor into Modbus default settings A Attention After performing the command H M I MODBUS set default the connection settings of a local terminal or the software RQCommander have to be adjusted 7 4 3 Modbus device address The device address for the Modbus protocol can be changed with the menu item H M J MODBUS device address The device address is predefined with 35 out of compatibility reasons 7 4 4 Connection to a Modbus The radar sensor is connected to a Modbus according to the following table The labels correspond to the connector MAIN see chapter 3 5 1 and the connection wire for the connector MAIN see chapter 3 5 2 Modbus Connector MAIN Connection wire Description Common Pin A White GND D1 B B Pin D Yellow RS 485 A DO A A Pin E Grey RS 485 B Table 27 Connection to a Modbus The radar sensor does not have termination resistors and does not need BUS polarization resistors Therefor a RS 485 BUS termination has to be implemented extern Attention The converter U
4. Value range 5 240 20 sec default Every single velocity measurement is saved internally in a buffer to use them for filtering The setting defines the number of measurement values in the buffer If the buffer is full the last value is replaced by the new value The number of values in the buffer depends on the dynamic of the water surface Fast changing rivers have a high dynamic and demand a small buffer smooth rivers or irrigation channels have a low dynamic and can use a large buffer Value range 1 120 Special function 1 default no filtering The velocity values in the buffer are filtered in the following ways Values Parameter Description 1 default moving average The mean value is calculated with all values in the buffer 2 eliminate spikes The mean value is calculated with all values in the buffer without the 5 highest values to eliminate upward spikes If the buffer size is smaller than 10 half of the values are eliminated minimum value The smallest value from the buffer is output medium value All values of the buffer are sorted by size The value in the middle is output 52 F Discharge table As described in chapter 4 3 the discharge is calculated from the measured water level and the measured velocity in consideration of the cross section area and the k factors The information of the cross section areas and the k factor is edit
5. Table 11 Special values The positions of the measured and learned velocities and discharges can be switched with the menu item H G W v priority 34 Analysis values The 11 analysis values provide information to the velocity measurement and can be interpreted by experts The output of the analysis values has to be activated in the menu item H M E MO information Index Measurement value Unit Description 10 Peak width mm s Band width of the signal 11 CSR 96 Corrected intensity 12 Area of the peak 13 RMS at the PIC mV 14 Amplification Value of the amplification regulation 15 Amplification relation 926 16 Signal relation 96 17 Error code 18 not used 19 not used 20 not used Table 12 Analysis values 7 2 RS 485 Interface The settings for the output of the measurement data via the RS 485 interface are in the submenu H M RS 485 protocol 7 2 1 System key and device number The system key and the device number are used to identify a radar sensor in serial output protocols and commands This is essential if multiple devices radar sensors and data loggers are operated within a bus system System key The system key separates different conceptual bus systems This may be necessary if the remote radio coverages of two measurement systems overlap In general the setting should be set to 00 Device number The device number is unique and identifies a devi
6. 30 6 3 3 2 Inclination measurement As described in chapter 4 2 4 for every velocity measurement an angle correction has to be applied This is done using an internal inclination measurement of the radar sensor If the sensor is mounted stable it is sufficient to measure the installation angle only on the first measurement after the restart of the radar sensor If the sensor can swing it is recommended to perform an inclination measurement during every velocity measurement This setting is set with the menu item H E Inclination measurement 6 3 3 3 Radar spectrum With the software RQCommander radar spectra from radar sensors can be received and visualized The radar sensor is switched into spectrum mode and the spectra are output cyclical 2400 aa RR ma an SNS ae Can name A 1200 ui BEA Si REDE ENS T EE DM E 0 Amp 600 1200 1800 2400 0 Figure 25 Radar spectrum The radar spectrum is displayed for both movement directions In the lower half of the graphic the spectrum of movements in direction away from the radar sensor are displayed in the upper half movements in direction to the radar sensor are displayed The calculated velocity is identified with a line The yellow marked area is used for the calculation By interpreting the radar spectra a detailed analysis of the velocity measurement at the measurement site is possible Spectra can be narrow or wide one or more maxima can occur and on
7. Figure 29 Definition of the 4 to20 mA signal with E B possible flow directions a just downstream and b two tide IOUTA discharge Output IOUTA is used for the discharge The output is used according to the description of output IOUTS 45 8 2 Status The selection defines if and when the analog outputs are activated Off The analog outputs are deactivated and are not used Just during TRIG The analog outputs are only active if an external signal is present at the TRIG input The last measurement values are output Always on The analog outputs are permanently active The last measurement values are output 8 3 Connection of a data logger Data logger with analog inputs can be connected according to the following schema RQ 30a ay mM 4 6 V 30V brown Vsupply Logger m _ TRIG jell yeow RS485 A mm NY RS485B A 5012 each internal blue resistor max 470 Q DIG Out l IOUTGND black se _ violett loUT2 blue red IOUT3 Te grey pink i UTA Figure 30 Connection schema for a data logger with analog inputs A Important If a logger is connected to the IOUT outputs the resistance of the logger input should not exceed 470 O 8 4 Simulate current output This function allows the testing of the analog outputs First a value between 4 and 20 mA is entered After confirmation the corresponding simulated values for the analog outputs are displayed
8. Values Parameter Description 1 default no The measured velocities and discharges are output in the main values and the learned velocities and discharges are output in the special values 2 yes The learned velocities and discharges are output in the main values and the measured velocities and discharges are output in the special values AN Important For water levels below the low level border always the learned velocities and discharges are output In case of slight changes of the river bed and consequently the cross section area a positive or negative correction value can be applied to adjust the discharge table to the new situation Unit Unit of the area A Value range 99999 99 999999 99 O default This submenu contains all technical parameters for the AUX input This is the 0 to 2 5 V input for an optional sensor Tech AUX A Status off B Supply switched C Hold back time 3 Sec D 0 2 5 V input span 100 C E OVinput value 20 C Figure 38 Submenu Tech AUX The setting controls if the AUX input is used If no sensor is connected it is recommended to set the status to off to minimize power consumption Values Parameter Description 1 default off The AUX input is switched off 2 on The AUX input is switched on 58 For an efficient energy management the supply of the optional sensor connected to the AUX input can
9. Connection to a data logger SDI 12 uses a shared bus with a ground wire a data wire indicated as SDI 12 and an optional 12 V wire A data logger is connected according to the following schema RQ 30 C white GND C Vsupply 6 V 30V SDI 12 Logger TRIG ground line RS 485 4 we 428i RS 4958 w SUI 12 serial data line 12 V line I tuom t iouenp black gii IOUT2 IOUT3 IOUT4 violett blue red grey pink optional other SDI 12 sensors ee i O Figure 28 Connection schema for a data logger with SDI 12 485 interface Comment The connection with the 12 V wire for power supply is optional 43 7 4 Modbus The measurement values can be read out via the Modbus protocol by a Modbus master In the radar sensor the Modbus protocol is not fully implemented for parameterization and controlling of the Sensor Therefor the radar sensor has to be parameterized by the menu parameters With the delivery settings of the radar sensor an operation with the Modbus protocol is not possible Therefore the sensor has to be set to Modbus compatible All supported Modbus functions and the register assignment are described in appendix 10 4 7 4 1 Output protocol type Modbus The output in the Modbus protocol is activated with the menu item H M C Output protocol type and the selection Modbus
10. The SDI 12 commands for the parameterization are the reading command aXRXX and the writing command aXWXX xxx with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device XX for the identifier of the parameter in the sensor menu and xxx for the value of the parameter Command Answer OXRB OB 30 CR LF Table 53 Reading of the measurement interval menu item B Command Answer OXWB 60 0B 260 CR LF Table 54 Setting of the measurement interval to 60 s menu item B After changing parameters the radar sensor has to be restarted with the SDI 12 command aXW_ts 10 3 7 Adoption of the settings The SDI 12 command to adopt the settings is aXW_ts with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device Command Answer OXW_ts Ook ts CR ILF Table 55 Adoption of the settings 10 4 Modbus 10 4 1 Modbus default settings The default settings are set by the command H M I MODBUS set default Baud rate 19200 Data bits 8 Parity even Stop bits 1 Flow control none Table 56 Default settings for the Modbus 85 10 4 2 Modbus Configuration Function 04 Read input registers read only The measurement values are in a sequence according to chapter 7 1 Index Register Description Unit Bytes Format address value Test value 0 Hardcoded test value 2 751
11. 0x50A5 Ox60C6 O0x70E7 0x8108 0x9129 OxA14A OxB16B 0xC18C OxD1AD OxE1CE OxF1EF 0x1231 0x0210 0x3273 0x2252 0x52B5 0x4294 O0x72F7 Ox62D6 0x9339 0x8318 0xB37B OxA35A OxD3BD OxC39C OxF3FF OxE3DE 0x2462 0x3443 0x0420 0x1401 Ox64E6 0x74C7 O0x44A4 0x5485 OxA56A OxB54B 0x8528 0x9509 OxE5EE OxF5CF OxC5AC OxD58D Ox3653 0x2672 0x1611 0x0630 0x76D7 Ox66F6 0x5695 O0x46B4 OxB75B OxA77A 0x9719 0x8738 OxF7DF OxE7FE 0xD79D OxC7BC Ox48C4 Ox58E5 0x6886 O0x78A7 0x0840 0x1861 0x2802 0x3823 OxC9CC OxD9ED OxE98bE OxF9AF 0x8948 0x9969 OxA90A OxB92B Ox5AF5 Ox4AD4 Ox7AB7 Ox6A96 O0x1A71 Ox0A50 0Ox3A33 0x2A12 OxDBFD OxCBDC OxFBBF OxEB9E 0x9B79 0x8B58 OxBB3B OxAB1A Ox6CA6 0x7C87 Ox4CE4 0x5CC5 0x2C22 0x3C03 Ox0C60 0x1C41 OxEDAE OxFD8F OxCDEC OxDDCD OxAD2A OxBDOB 0x8D68 0x9D49 Ox7E97 Ox6EB6 Ox5ED5 Ox4EF4 0x3E13 0x2E32 Ox1E51 0x0E70 OxFF9F OxEFBE OxDFDD OxCFFC OxBF1B OxAF3A Ox9F59 Ox8F78 0x9188 Ox81A9 OxB1CA OxA1EB OxD10C 0OxC12D OxF14E OxE16F 0x1080 Ox00A1 Ox30C2 0Ox20E3 0x5004 0x4025 0x7046 0x6067 Ox83B9 0x9398 OxA3FB OxB3DA 0xC33D OxD31C OxE37F OxF35E 0x02B1 0x1290 Ox22F3 O0x32D2 0x4235 0x5214 0x6277 0x7256 OxB5EA OxA5CB 0x95A8 0x8589 OxF56E OxE54F OxD52C OxC50D Ox34E2 O0x24C3 Ox14A0 0x0481 0x7466 0x6447 0x5424 0x4405 OxA7DB OxB7FA 0x8799 0x97B8 OxE75F OxF77E 0xC71D OxD73C Ox26D3 Ox36F2 0x0691 0x1
12. Additionally the defined current value is output at the analog outputs A connected data logger should now receive the simulated values By another confirmation the simulation of the current output is finished 46 9 Description of the parameter The settings of the radar sensor are opened and changed either with a terminal program or the PC software RQCommander see chapter 6 1 3 Main menu Measurement trigger interval Measurement interval 20 sec AUX Level W Velocity v Discharge table Q DIG OUT output Technics Ta Tn mMO OU D Special functions X Exit Figure 31 Main menu The parameters are arranged in a main menu with submenus The menu items are selected by the entering the letter left to the label Either submenus are opened or the selected parameter is displayed with its unit Changes are confirmed with Enter or discarded with Esc Menus are closed with X A Measurement trigger Measurements are either started in an internal adjustable interval Or they are externally triggered with the TRIG input or by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface Values Parameter Description 1 default interval Measurements are internally started in an interval 2 TRIG input Measurements are externally triggered with the TRIG input 3 SDI 12 RS 485 Measurements are externally triggered by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface With the TRIG input me
13. Description 1 default just downstream Only downstream flowing velocities are output 2 two tide Down and upstream flowing velocities are output Upstream flowing velocities are indicated with a negative sign The radar sensor only measures its own vertical inclination To compensate the influence of an inclination of the river surface an additional correction inclination can be set It is either added or removed depending on the flow direction Usually rivers do not show an appreciable inclination of the water surface For the possible flow direction two Tide an inclination of O has to be set Unit Degree Value range 0 90 0 default 51 Usually the main flow is normal to the cross section of a river and the radar sensor is mounted so as well But if the radar sensor has to be directed in a horizontal angle this angle can be considered for by adjusting this setting It is recommended to not select an angle greater than 30 to ensure a reliable and accurate velocity measurement Unit Degree Value range 0 60 0 default The measurement duration defines the duration of a single measurement During this time the radar signal is recorded and the radar spectrum is calculated Usually measurement durations of about 60 s are recommended It should be at least 10 s A long measurement time has influence on the power consumption Unit sec Seconds
14. Surveillance of the discharge of the device 3 multi point discharge Surveillance of the combined discharge The parameter defines the orientation of the threshold and if it is violated by an overrun or an underrun of the threshold Values Parameter Description 1 default threshold overrun Violation when overrunning the threshold 2 threshold underrun Violation when underrunning the threshold Unit Unit of the discharge Q Value range 99999 99 999999 99 100 default The definition of a hysteresis suppresses multiple violations if the measurement value fluctuates in the range of the threshold After a violation the hysteresis has to be overrun or underrun to cause a new violation The hysteresis is an absolute value and is added in the correct orientation to the threshold Unit Unit of the discharge Q Value range 0 999999 99 2 default 55 Technics A B C D E F G H I Ozar mac Language Sprache Decimal character SDI 12 address Reset behavior Inclination measurement Sleep mode W v priority Area correction Tech AUX Tech level W Tech velocity v 4 20 mA outputs RS 485 protocol RS 485 Units and decimals english englisch dot 0 hard reset first measurement idle no 0 m 2 Figure 37 Menu Technics The language of the sensor can be changed Values Parameter Des
15. W v priority 37 Analysis values The Analysis values are identified by the string numbers 02 and 03 right after G Protocol string M0001G02se10 430 11 293 12 78 13 116 14 11075 15 40 EO8D M0001G03se16 0 17 0 18 9999998 19 9999998 20 9999998 3827 Table 17 Example of protocol strings with analysis values in Sommer protocol M0001G02se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 02 for the analysis values 08 to 13 0 430 Peak width mm s ii 293 CSR 96 2 78 Area of the peak 13 116 RMS at the PIC 4 11075 Amplification 5 40 Amplification relation 96 E08D Closing sequence Table 18 Analysis values 1 in Sommer protocol M0001G03se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 03 for the analysis values 14 to 19 16 0 Signal relation 13 0 Error code 18 9999998 not used 19 9999998 not used 20 9999998 not used 3827 Closing sequence Table 19 Analysis values 2 in Sommer protocol 7 2 6 2 Standard protocol The Standard protocol is similar to the Sommer protocol But the output is simplified and eventually easier to interpret The format is described in 10 2 1 2 in detail Measurement values The measurement values are output with the identifier M_ In the measurement values the main values and the special values are included according to the sequence from chapter 10 2 1 2 Pro
16. WLL downwards The zero point for the extrapolation of the velocity is the flow stop level WFS The velocity at the low level border WLL is calculated by the W v relation which needs the maximum level WMA to define the learning range see chapter 6 5 If during the installation water level is below the WLL the W v relation has not been learned yet Therefore a temporary velocity can be set in the menu item H K K Start veloc at WLL to get calculated values for the discharge during installation In general the special water levels respect the rule WRQ gt WMA gt WLL gt WFS Figure 24 Special water levels WRQ RQ 30 fixation level The RQ 30 fixation level is the mounting height of the radar sensors in the reference system W It is either entered directly or is automatically calculated when performing an adjustment of the water level The height of the radar sensor is measured from the lower edge of the plate at the water level sensor WMA maximum level The maximum level is the upper limit of the range for the W v relation WLL low level border The low level border is the water level from which on the velocity measurement is sufficient enough A guidance value is 5 cm above the river bed or poking out stones in the measurement area The low level border is the lower limit of the range for the W v relation A Attention Bellow the low level border no velocity measurement is performed any more WFS flow stop le
17. any new converter the procedure has to be repeated A Attention It is not necessary to change settings for the converter in the Device Manager 88
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19. be switched Values Parameter Description 1 default switched The supply is only switched on for measurements 2 always on The supply is always on 3 always off The supply is always off Sensors usually demand a specific time between the switching on of the sensor and the provision of valid measurement Therefore the sensor waits the defined hold back time span after switching on the power supply and performing a measurement of the AUX input Unit sec seconds Value range 0 255 3 default The AUX input is a 0 to 2 5 V input The span defines the range from 0 to 2 5 V for the selected unit Unit Unit of AUX Value range 99999 99 999999 99 100 default The input value defines the value at 0 V in the selected unit Unit Unit of AUX Value range 99999 9 999999 99 20 default In this submenu contains the technical parameters for the water level measurement Tech level W A Supply always on B Hold back time 60 Sec C Input span 15000 mm Figure 39 Submenu Tech Level W For an efficient energy management the supply of the water level sensor can be switched Values Parameter Description 1 switched The supply is only switched on for measurements 2 default always on The supply is always on 3 always off The supply is always off 59 The hold back time is t
20. content FISAS Supply voltage Table 48 Answer to a measurement values request 10 3 4 Requesting of measurement values measured before Measurement values are requested with the SDI 12 command aDn with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device and n for the index of the data strings The maximal number of characters is usually 35 So the data output has to be stacked from longer data strings With every stack the data index is increased The measurement values follow the sequence from chapter 7 1 but the supply voltage is not output Command Answer OM 00649 CR LF ODO 0 999999 8 99999998 0 683 3 02 CR LF 0D1 04 99999 98 99999 984 9999 998 CR LF 0D2 0 99999 98 99999 98 CR LF Table 49 Process with triggering a measurement and requesting the data 10 3 5 Triggering of measurements Measurements are triggered with the SDI 12 commands aM and aC with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device aC is only used for simultaneous measurements of multiple sensors Command Answer OM 00649 CR LF Table 50 Example of a measurement triggering The positions of the measured and learned velocity and discharge can be switched with the menu item H G W v priority 83 The answer returns information to the measurement duration and the numbers of measurement values 0 SDI 12 address 064 Duration of the measurement in seconds
21. parity 1 stop bit Table 58 Function 06 and Function 03 to read and write configuration values Function 17 Report server ID response format read only Register Description Format Dec values HEX values address ASCII 0 Byte count char 38 26 1 Server ID char e 53 2 Run indicator status char 255 FF 3 4 Modbus implementation unsigned 10100 27 74 version int 5 Separator char nm 20 PDU 6 12 Vendor string 7 chars Sommer 53 6F 6D 6D response 65 72 20 13 Separator char ae 20 14 20 Device configuration 7 chars variable variable 21 Separator char Tm 20 22 29 Software version 7 chars X YYIZZ variable 30 Separator char ind 20 32 38 Serial number 8 chars XXXXXXXX variable Table 59 Function 17 to report sever ID response format P Writing 1 sets the Modbus default settings see chapter 10 4 1 87 10 5 Installation of the converter USB Nano 485 For the installation of the converters USB nano 485 two drivers have to be installed First the USB controller USB nano 485 and second a COM port USB Serial Port is installed In the following steps the installation procedure is described in detail 1 Connect the converter to an USB interface at your computer Usually Windows identifies the new USB device and starts the installation of the driver USB nano 485 Otherwise make sure you have administration rights on your computer and open
22. river bed see chapter 6 5 3 For the water levels between the flow stop level and the low level border the velocities and discharges are extrapolated from the W v relation Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999 99 99999 99 0 default The W v table is deleted and the W v learning starts from scratch This is especially necessary if water levels for the W v relation are changed 50 In the menu the settings for the velocity measurement are parameterized Velocity v A Viewing direction upstream B Possible flow directions just downstream C River inclination 0 deg D Pivot angle 0 deg E Measurement duration 20 Sec F Filter no of values 1 G Filter type moving average Figure 34 Menu Velocity v The setting defines the viewing direction of the radar sensor in relation to the flow direction of the river The advantages of the different viewing directions are described in chapter 5 1 2 Values Parameter Description 1 downstream The radar sensor is directed in flow direction 2 default upstream The radar sensor is directed against the flow direction Due to the direction separation see chapter 4 2 3 the radar sensor can identify the flow direction Therefore it has to be defined if the river only flows in one direction or if two flow directions can occur as for example under tidal influences Values Parameter
23. wake up receiving devices These are usually kept awake for a specific time Therefore no new prefix is necessary in this time The parameter defines the time the output has to be inactive before a new prefix is sent 67 Unit sec Seconds Value range 0 60 19 default The specification of the Modbus demands a defined default setting including multiple parameters This command sets all these parameters see appendix 10 4 1 The setting is the unique device address for the Modbus protocol Value range 1 247 35 default In this submenu the connection settings for the RS 485 interface are defined see chapter 6 1 2 RS 485 A Baud rate 9600 B Parity stop bits no par 1 stop C Minimum response time 0 ms D Transmitter hold back 20 ms E Flow control off F Sending window 500 ms G Receiving window 400 ms Figure 46 Submenu RS 485 The transmission rate in bps is selected Values Parameter 1 1200 2 2400 3 4800 4 default 9600 5 19200 6 7 8 38400 57600 115200 The parameter sets the RS 485 settings for parity and stop bits together Values Parameter Description 1 default no par 1 stop No parity and 1 stop bit 68 no par 2 stop No parity and 2 stop bits even par 1 stop Even parity and 1 stop bit odd par 1 stop Odd parity and 1 st
24. 10 2 1 2 Standard protocol Header In the header auf output strings in Standard protocol measurement values and analysis values are differed The radar sensor is identified by the system key and device number Parameter Format Description Identifier X M Measurement values Z Analysis values System key dd 2 numbers Device number dd 2 numbers Example M 0001 Table 35 Header of the Standard protocol 76 Measurement values Output strings in Standard protocol contain multiple values The measurement values are output sequenced and are separated by a blank For a value 8 characters are reserved A decimal number may contain maximal 7 numbers the 8 character is reserved for the decimal character The values are output right aligned so additional blanks may occur Parameter Format Description Separator blank blank Value XXXXXXXX 8 character right aligned Example 9 15 Table 36 Values in Standard protocol End sequence The output string is finished with the control characters Carriage return and Line feed Parameter Format Description Fa Control characters CR LF Carriage return and Line feed Table 37 End sequence the Standard protocol 10 2 2 Commands and answers The structure of commands and answers is described in the table below Parameter Format Description Star
25. 6 4 Compatibility protocols To simplify the replacing of existing RQ 24 radar sensors with new RQ 30 radar sensors the old protocols of the RQ 24 are still available So the receiver of the measurement data does not have to be parameterized new The protocols are described in the manual of the RQ 24 It is recommended not to use these protocols any more 7 2 7 Commands Commands can be sent via the RS 485 interface to the radar sensor to start measurements request output strings request measurement values and to parameterize the radar sensor A more detailed description is provided in appendix 10 2 2 7 2 7 1 Types of commands Writing command with receiving confirmation The identifier is W The command demands a closing sequence with a valid CRC 16 The receiving radar sensor returns a receiving confirmation Writing command without receiving confirmation The identifier is S The command demands no closing sequence and therefore no CRC 16 The receiving radar sensor does not acknowledge the receiving of the command Reading command The identifier is R The command demands a closing sequence with a valid CRC 16 The receiving radar sensor returns the requested measurement value or parameter 7 2 7 2 Triggering of measurements The command mt triggers a complete measurement sequence velocity water level and AUX measurement Command Answer W0001 mt BE85 A00010k mt 4FAQ S0001 mt 7F43 none Ta
26. 6B0 O0x6657 0x7676 O0x4615 0x5634 OxD94C OxC96D OxF90E OxE92F O0x99C8 0x89E9 OxB98A OxA9AB 0x5844 0x4865 0x7806 0x6827 0x18C0 Ox08E1 0x3882 0x28A3 OxCB7D OxDB5C OxEB3F OxFB1E Ox8BF9 Ox9BD8 OxABBB OxBB9A 0x4A75 O0x5A54 Ox6A37 Ox7A16 OxOAF1 0Ox1ADO Ox2AB3 0x3A92 OxFD2E OxEDOF OxDD6C OxCD4D OxBDAA OxAD8B Ox9DE8 Ox8DC9 0x7C26 Ox6C07 0x5C64 0x4C45 Ox3CA2 0x2C83 Ox1CEO Ox0CC1 OxEF1F OxFF3E OxCF5D OxDF7C OxAF9B OxBFBA Ox8FD9 Ox9FF8 Ox6E17 Ox7E36 Ox4E55 Ox5E74 O0x2E93 Ox3EB2 OxOED1 Ox1EFO Table 43 CRC 16 table 80 The CRC 16 value is calculated stepwise character by character When the CRC of the complete string is calculated it is added at the ending of the string and finished with a semicolon When calculating the CRC of an existing string the calculation of the CRC is stopped at the fifth character before the ending semicolon right before the CRC The calculated CRC then is compared to the received one If they are identical the string was sent correctly The start value for the initial CRC 16 calculation is always 0 The CRC 16 of a single character is calculated according to the following procedure Parameter remark byte1 Crc16 right shift by 8 bits Upper byte vanishes uint1 c new character Upper byte 0 uint2 Crc16 left shift by 8 bits Lower byte 0 uint3 crc16tab byte1 Table value from the CRC 16 table Crc16 ui
27. 9 4 float 00 2 AUX 01 4 Water level 4 i 02 6 Velocity b Values 03 8 TUNE E i 04 10 Discharge 05 12 Cross section area d 06 14 Learned velocity 07 16 Learned discharge a 08 18 Opposite direction content T ver 09 20 Supply voltage V 10 22 Peak width mm s 11 24 CSR 12 26 Area of the peak 13 28 RMS at the PIC mV 14 30 Amplification l eine 15 32 Amplification relation 96 4 Da 16 34 Signal relation 17 36 Error code 18 38 not used 19 40 not used 20 42 not used 65533 Device type and 320X 2 unsigned configuration int Device 65534 Software version XYYZZ 2 unsigned info int 65535 Modbus implementation 10100 2 unsigned version int Table 57 Function 04 to request measurement values Function 06 Write single registers and Function 03 Read holding registers Unit from the submenu H O Units and decimals 10 The positions of the measured and learned velocity and discharge can be switched with the setting H G W v priority 86 Register Description Range Bytes Format address 0 Modbus default 0 1 read 1 write 1 Modbus device 1 to 247 address RS 485 baud rate 0 1200 baud 1 2400 baud 2 4800 baud Config 3 9600 baud 2 unsigned values Z 4 19200 baud int 5 38400 baud 6 57600 baud 7 115200 baud RS 485 parity stop 0 no parity 1 stop bit 3 bits 1 no parity 2 stop bits 2 even parity 1 stop bit 3 0dd
28. SB Nano 485 and the Modbus must never be connected simultaneously to the radar sensor 44 8 Analog data output A Attention The analog data output via the 4 20 mA outputs is only possible with the version RQ 30a Measurement values can be output via analog outputs The settings for the analog outputs are located in the submenu H L 4 20 mA outputs The pin configuration for the analog 4 20 mA outputs is described in chapter 3 5 8 1 Analog outputs IOUT1 AUX Output IOUT1 is reserved for the measurement values of optional sensors connected to the AUX input The output corresponds to a linear equation defined by the span between 4 and 20 mA and the value of the 4 mA signal IOUT2 level At output IOUT2 the water level is output The output corresponds to a linear equation defined by the span between 4 and 20 mA and the value of the 4 mA signal IOUTS velocity Output IOUTS is used for the velocity measurement Only the 20 mA value for the maximum velocity can be set If only the flow direction downstream is allowed the 4 mA value corresponds to the velocity of 0 If both flow directions are possible the velocity of 0 is the half scale at 12 mA The maximal negative velocity corresponds to 4 mA and the maximal positive velocity 20 mA a just downstream b two tide IOUT 3 IOUT 3 12 mA 4mA 4mA t velocity velocity 0 Max velocity Negative 0 Max velocity max velocity
29. The measurement values are divided in groups Main values The main values contain the most important measurement values These values are always included data output The units and decimal places are depending on the settings in the submenu H O Units and decimals Index Measurement value Description 00 AUX Measurement value of the optional sensor at AUX 01 Water level Measured water level 02 Velocity Measured velocity 03 Quality SNR Quality value with SNR see appendix 10 1 2 04 Discharge Discharge of the measured velocity 05 Cross section area Cross section area according to water level and discharge table Table 10 Main values Special values The special values are usually the learned velocity and the learned discharge By activating the W v priority with the menu item H G W v priority the measured velocity and measured discharge are output instead The learned velocity and the learned discharge then are output in the main values The output of the special values has to be activated in the menu item H M E MO information Index Measurement value Unit Description 06 Learned Velocity Learned velocity from the W v relation 07 Learned Discharge Discharge of the learned velocity 08 Opposite direction content Relation between the velocity distributions in analysis direction and opposite direction 09 Supply voltage V Voltage at the supply input
30. W v relation Adequate wave movements Waves or ripples with a height of at least 3 mm have to be present at the water surface over the full gauge range Especially for slow moving rivers this requirement is not fulfilled see 4 2 5 Influence of wind For slow moving deep rivers the velocity measurement may be distorted by waves caused by wind Therefore measurements at sites with wind influence should be protected as much as possible against the wind 5 1 2 Mounting requirements Height of mounting The radar sensor can be mounted in a range from 0 5 to15 m above the water surface or river bed Attention The default operation range of the water level sensor is 15 m The operation range can be optionally extended to 35 m which needs a special sensor version Stable sensor mounting The sensor has to be mounted stable and the installation rig may not swing An exception is the mounting on cables which needs a new determination of the inclination angle during every measurement see chapter 6 3 3 2 Free view field The radar sensor interprets all movements in its view field Therefore no moving objects may be present in the view field of the radar Examples are trees bushes or grass moving in the wind View direction The radar sensor can either be mounted in or against the flow direction The view direction against the flow direction has essential advantages and is strongly recommended For installation
31. a 79 10 2 4 Sommer GROS stessa oett ted meu eS d ME Me 80 10 3 SDI 12 olii 01 NT UC tS ee er me eer 82 10 3 1 Structure Of SDI 12 commands aos teet etant ote et abeo etum bulo 82 10 9 2 Sensor identificati M osea eoe exe p P Puer Per PP pa eruit epe EE 82 10 3 3 Requesting of measurement values ssssssssseeeeseeenennnnmeeeeennnnnnn 82 10 3 4 Requesting of measurement values measured before eeessssssusss 83 10 3 5 Triggering or measurements eene eren tar sr prin Rer rie ee xd udo rue ER xd Een 83 10 3 6 Parameterization COImlTialids cae e enti esteem inten m Ee ee Dk cx pda 85 10 3 7 Adoption of the seltiigS oru rto te ka etc Regu e het ne ERR Doc Ro eon rax beUa Ul ted ea dn 85 10 4 MGA DUS e chicatateakeatic iinet danke a a a Goydos a E ease a a A S E 85 10 4 1 Modbus default settings Petr eth cn RI Noha eaaeieeeade 85 10 4 2 Modbus Configuration uec ete rte ret een rre re etx eden Fa eser ses etu Ra e vun baa 86 10 5 Installation of the converter USB Nano 485 sssssesseeenm meme mre nnn 88 1 Introduction The exact and real time knowledge of the discharge is an important task in the fields of hydrography water storage management irrigation and prevention of natural hazards It is the requirement to calculate water structures and for an economical management of water resources and is the base for simulations of hydrological processes with mathematic
32. a measurement site The installation is divided in the calibration of the measurement site the establishing of a connection to the radar sensor and the parameterization of the radar sensor Calibration of the measurement site The result of the calibration of the measurement site is the discharge table This table is the basis for the calculation of the discharge out of the water level and velocity measurement 1 5 Selection of the measurement site chapter 5 1 Selection of the mounting position and direction of the radar sensor chapter 5 2 Collection of information of the measurement site chapter 5 3 1 a Determination or provision of the cross section profile b Determination of the roughnesses in the cross section of the river e Exact determination of the mounting position of the radar sensor d Information about existing water level measurements gauge plates e Documentation of the measurement site with photographs Selection of a reference system for the water level chapter 5 3 2 Calibration of the measurement site and provision of the discharge table chapter 5 3 3 Establishing of the connection to the radar sensor gr Bow Installation of the RQCommander or usage of a terminal program Installation of the interface converter chapters 6 1 1 and 10 5 Connecting and supplying the radar sensor chapter 3 5 Setting of the connection parameters chapter 6 1 2 Establishing the connection chapter 6 1 3 Parame
33. ading the measurement interval menu item B W0001B 15 B57C A0001B 15 0803 Setting the interval to 15s menu item B Table 41 Examples of RS 485 commands 78 10 2 3 Error codes During the communication via the RS 485 interface the following errors can occur The error code is bit coded The single errors are in hex format If multiple errors are present the error numbers are summed Error number Description 0x0001 Mistake please just enter valid values 0x0002 Mistake please just enter menue choice characters 0x0004 Abortion 0x0008 Timeout 0x0010 Adjustment done 0x0020 Testmode finished 0x0040 ATTENTION parameter conflict view manual 0x0080 Testmode back to menu 0x0100 Denied due to temporarily loaded menu 0x0200 Testmode aborted 0x0400 Error CRC failure 0x0800 Restarted testmode 0x1000 ATTENTION Please make a W v table reset Table 42 Error numbers 79 10 2 4 Sommer CRC 16 The CRC 16 cyclic redundancy check of the Sommer protocol is based in the following CRC table a fixed one dimensional field with 256 unsigned values in 16 bit hex format When receiving data the receiving device calculates the CRC value This value is compared with the received CRC value to check if the data has string been transferred accurate crc16tab 0x0000 0x1021 0x2042 0x3063 0x4084
34. al physical models The RQ 30 radar sensor is a continuous measurement device for the contact free determination of the discharge of open rivers and channels It combines two contact free radar methods in one system On one hand the water level is measured by a transit time measurement of a radar signal On the other hand the flow velocity at the surface is simultaneously determined by the principle of Doppler frequency shift These two measurements are internally combined and provide the discharge using a predefined calibration of the measurement site Backwater situations caused by inflows weirs and downstream standing water bodies show no stable relation between water level and discharge In many situations hysteresis effects with different relations for rising and falling water levels occur Therefore the determination of such relations is affected by a substantial uncertainty Only the additional information of flow velocity allows the calculation of the discharge under these difficult conditions Due to the contact free measurement methods the radar sensor usually can be installed on bridges or extension arms without expensive structural measures in the river or channel The radar sensor is located outside the danger area of flood events and allows a low maintenance operation over many years 2 Overview of the installation steps The following overview lists the most important steps for a full installation of the RQ 30 radar sensor at
35. arge table Miche ik UNS We Noe Nee ee Nea oe eee 31 p 5 WV NE relallOhi s ener Seah es elus a Lan o tidy uaa a aaa ana ae 32 Be MENO ML Mr rH HET eee A 32 6 5 2 Learning of the W v relation aee coe eterna Re eR eed n Ed RR E ER ee Ro RM Paese 32 NsEcHRSIII C 33 7 Serial data OUIPUL mr 34 7 1 Measurement values 2 idee e eed ere ted eteearsdeueus Headers pu veu exu pedes a 34 17 2 R9485 Interac reir e see deg ste E d bok Minnie aueuyhs st te nonas deum 35 7 2 1 System key and device number ai eer eder iater ee red aen RqE 35 1 22 Output time DOU oodd o a re iit ee Lm esce ue to e aes pen Ere tue 35 PZ Se Operation ModE Snia CRT 36 2 4 Additional OMPULSIINGS se ou eei ih op eria ter Hebe ber aa i a SURE PUE pag easel Gk 36 7 2 5 Waking up of a connected data logger seeeseeeeeeeenene 36 YN einer oc MR he eA ie Ec ro 37 qe Tomando e essei ot eS oni Su Rei eee OA ee cee eld OE te et eb A d 40 7 2 8 Connection to a data lOggel 1er Iis ee o er elc en PEE Hoe topo e HP Eso Rss 41 FEE SPI 129 2 et mM Ty Pr rer rere er re Aa 42 Pleo Dl 2 adir ES OR IO Em 42 7 3 2 Measurement values of the main cycle cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeesesaaaeeeeeeeeeeenenaaaaes 42 7 3 3 Operation modes of the radar sensor eeessssssseeeeeeeneeeeen nnn 42 7 3 4 Connection to a data IOGO EN cd ete tr due ton donet conte
36. asurements are started when the signal rises from low level 0 0 6 V to high level 2 30 V The commands to trigger measurements with the RS 485 and SDI 12 interface are described in chapters 7 2 7 and 7 3 3 The outputs of the measurement values are independent from the performing of measurements and are explicit set in the submenu H M RS 485 protocol Outputs of measurement values are either performed directly after a measurement or they are requested by the TRIG input or by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface 47 The radar sensor has an internal measurement interval to start measurements activated by the menu item A Measurement trigger Measurements are automatically performed in the defined interval However a measurement is always performed completely before a new one is started Unit sec seconds Value range 1 18000 20 sec default AUX is the 0 to 2 5 V input for external measurements that can be used for different sensors By default a contact free temperature sensors is parameterized The menu supports the start up of the connected sensor The parameterization of the input is in the submenu H I Tech AUX AUX A Mean value no of values 1 B Test C Adjustment Figure 32 Menu AUX The mean value of the external measurement can be calculated in the form of a moving average The number of values defines how many measurement values are kept in the memor
37. ater surface 12 4 2 Flow velocity 4 2 1 Principle of measurement The contact free measurement of the flow velocity is based on the principle if the Doppler effect The radar sensor transmits a signal with a constant frequency in a specific angle to the water surface There the signal is reflected and shifted in frequency due to the Doppler Effect by movements of the water surface The reflected signal is received by the antenna of the radar sensor By comparing the transmitted frequency to the frequency of the reflected signal from the water surface the local velocity can be determined 4 2 2 Radar spectrum The radar sensor has an opening angle of 12 Therefore the signals of an area are measured The size of the area depends on the inclination angle and the distance from the sensor to the reflecting water surface The velocities appearing in this area have a specific distribution depending on the current conditions The velocity distribution is determined with a digital signal processor via spectral analysis and the dominant velocity in the measurement area is calculated Spectra can be output and used to evaluate measurements at measurement sites 4 2 3 Direction separation Movements can either appear in direction to or from the radar sensor Depending on the direction a frequency shift to higher or lower frequencies occurs This circumstance allows the radar sensor to separate the movements by their directions and to separatel
38. ax velocity IOUTA Max discharge Simulate current output always on 100 C 20 C 2000 cm 1000 cm 10 m s 100 m S3 s Figure 44 Submenu 4 20 mA outputs The selection defines if and when the analog outputs are activated Values Parameter Description 1 off The analog outputs are deactivated and are not used 2 just during TRIG The analog outputs are only active if an external signal is present at the TRIG input 3 default always on The analog outputs are permanently active The span defines the output range from 4 to 20 mA for the sensor connected to the AUX input Unit Unit of AUX Value range 99999 99 999999 99 100 default The value is the 4 mA output value for the sensor connected to the AUX input Unit Unit of AUX Value range 99999 99 999999 99 20 default 64 The span defines the output range from 4 to 20 mA for the water level The span should be selected to cover the complete expected water level range Additionally the span should be a whole number and simple Example Minimum 120 cm Maximum 1450 cm Difference 1330 cm 4 20 mA span 1600 100 cm corresponds to1 mA 4 mA value 0 Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999999 99999999 2000 default The value is the 4 mA output value for the water level The value should be below the minimal
39. ble 24 Triggering a measurement 7 2 7 3 Requesting of output string The command pt requests the output strings Command Answer W0001 pt EE20 A00010k mt 8C35 S0001 pt none Table 25 Requesting the output strings 7 2 7 4 Requesting of single measurement values The reading command R with the index of the requested measurement values according to chapter 7 1 requests single measurement values A detailed description is in appendix 10 2 2 Command Answer 40 R0001_010cv EA62 A00010k_010cv874 9 5997 Table 26 Requesting of the water level with index 01 7 2 8 Connection to a data logger A data logger to receive measurement values via the RS 485 interface is connected according to the following schema Logger RS485 A RS485 B 0v a 6 V 30V C RQ 30 GND Vsupply TRIG RS485 A RS485 B SDI12 DIGOUT IOUTGNO IOUT1 louT2 IOUT3 optional other RS 485 sensors Figure 27 Connection schema for a data logger with RS 485 interface 41 7 3 SDI 12 interface SDI 12 Serial Data Interface at 1200 Baud is a serial data communication standard for interfacing multiple sensors with a single data recorder SDI 12 uses a shared bus with a ground wire a data wire indicated as SDI 12 and an optional 12 V wire A detailed description to the usage of the SDI 12 interface is in the appendix 10 3 and on http www sdi 12 or
40. ce in a bus system 7 2 2 Output time point The serial data output can be triggered in different ways The selection is in submenu H M RS 485 protocol Just per command The serial data output is controlled by commands via the RS 485 interface 35 After measurement The serial data output is performed automatically right after every measurement The starting points for measurements are described in chapter 6 3 1 Per TRIG input The serial data output is triggered by an increasing slope on the TRIG input If additionally the measurement is triggered by the TRIG input too a measurement is started simultaneously with the output of the last measurement values 7 2 3 Operation modes Out of the combination of triggering the measurements see chapter 6 3 1 and the data output see chapter 7 2 2 the following operation modes are derived Pushing mode This is the default operation mode The measurements are triggered internally by the measurement interval and the data output is performed automatically after the finishing of a measurement So the measurements and data outputs are controlled completely by the internal interval No external trigger is needed Polling mode A connected data logger triggers the measurements and the output of the data individually either by external commands or by the TRIG input Apparent polling A connected data logger triggers only the measurements The data output is performed automatically after t
41. city Table 5 Configuration of the connector MAIN AN Attention For the analog outputs the IOUTA relates to pin L and IOUTS to pin M 1 According to the TI notation and differs from the standard EIA notation 9 3 5 2 Connection wire for connector MAIN Connection wire white A GND Ground brow B Vsupply 6 30 V green C TRIG Low level 0 0 6 V High level 2 30 V yellow D RS485 A 1 x RS 485 1200 115200 Baud gray E RS485 B pink F SDI12 1 x SDI 12 1200 Baud blue G DIG OUT Max 1 5 A red H IOUTGND Ground for analog outputs black J IOUT1 Optional sensor at AUX violet K IOUT2 Water level gray pink L IOUTA Discharge blue red M IOUT3 Velocity Table 6 Configuration of the connection cable for the connector MAIN 3 5 3 Connector LEVEL The female connector LEVEL connects the water level sensor with a 4 to 20 mA input The connected sensor is supplied with 12 VDC GND LEVEL VOUT LEVEL ojoj Figure 3 Configuration of the connector LEVEL LEVEL Ground A GND Ground Input 4 20 mA B LEVEL 4 20 mA Supply C VOUT LEVEL 12 VDC D l E Table 7 Pin configuration of the connector LEVEL According to the TI notation and differs from the standard EIA notation 10 3 5 4 Connector AUX At the male connector AUX an optional sensor can be connected to the RQ 30 i e Tempe
42. cription 1 german deutsch German language 2 default english englisch English language The decimal separator is set for the complete sensor including output values and menu parameters Values Parameter Description 1 comma 2 default dot The address is the unique identifier of the sensor within the SDI 12 bus system Value Range 0 9 0 default 56 H D Reset behavior The radar sensor keeps some information in its memory as for example the inclination of the sensor the last amplification and values for the calculation of mean values This setting defines if this information is deleted on a sensor rest or not During the installation a hard reset is recommended After finishing the installation a soft reset should be selected to minimize the start up time and suppress multiple adjustment of the inclination Values Parameter Description 1 default hard reset A reset deletes the complete historic information and determines it new 2 soft reset All historic information is kept and used for measurements and calculations H E Inclination measurement The measurement of the velocity has to be corrected with the inclination angle in which the radar sensor is directed to the water surface see chapter 4 2 4 The inclination angle is measured by the internal inclination sensor of the radar sensor and stored in the memory Every vel
43. e mean velocity Vm k k v gt Vm v The k factor depends on the flow conditions and consequently on the water level Usually it is in the range of 60 to 90 In combination with the base equation the equation for the calculation of the discharge in the radar sensor is derived Q AQW k W vi For the RQ 30 radar sensor a discharge table is generated out of the cross section areas A W and the k factors k W in relation to the water level W This table is deposited in the radar sensor and is the basis for the discharge calculation It is essential that the water levels of the discharge table correspond to the same datum as the level measurement of the radar sensor Level W 4 3 2 k Factors The k factors depend on the conditions of the measurement site and have to be determined individually for every measurement site The k factors are determined by modeling with a numeric hydraulic model The k factors depend in common on the water level the shape of the cross section the roughness of the river and the position of the radar sensor The advantage of modeling is the instant calculation of the discharge from the time of the installation and the covering of the complete water level range Modeling can for example be performed with the PC software RQCommander Modelling of Sommer GmbH Additionally reference measurements can be used to verify existing k factors from models and allow a manual correction 4 3 3 Cross sec
44. ed in the discharge table Discharge table Q Status Level W K value Area A m m 2 01 theor 4 1 0 881 76 58 02 theor 4 6 0 86 113 38 03 theor 8 6 0 849 444 42 04 theor 9 1 0 811 492 38 05 theor 9 7 0 805 553 99 06 theor 10 0 778 586 56 07 theor 11 3 0 748 743 89 08 off 0 1 0 09 off 0 1 0 10 off 0 1 0 11 off 0 1 0 12 off 0 1 0 13 off 0 1 0 14 off 0 1 0 15 off 0 1 0 16 off 0 1 0 Figure 35 Menu Discharge table Q The information is arranged in 16 lines in order from low to high water levels The values for water level in between of two lines are linear interpolated The determination of the discharge table is described in chapters 4 3 and 5 3 3 A simple possibility is to use the software RQCommander Modelling of Sommer GmbH This program supports the calculation of the discharge table from a cross section profile and addition information and the simple transfer from the discharge table to the radar sensor A Important In the sensor menu a leading 0 has to be entered when accessing a line by the line number 53 The status describes the activity and priority of lines Values Parameter Description 1 default off The line is inactive 2 theor The line is active with theoretical values from a model 3 calib The line is active with calibrated values from reference measurements These values have high priority Calibrated values dominate ove
45. efault No mean value is calculated A measurement of the water level is performed and the measurement result is displayed A procedure to adjust the measurement value is started First a measurement is performed and displayed Afterwards a target value is set and confirmed The measurement is then adjusted to exactly measure the target value The adjusting of the water level is described in chapter 6 3 2 1 in detail The fixation level WRQ is the vertical position of the radar sensor in the reference system of the water level measurement On the radar sensor it is the tip of the water level sensor The setting of the fixation level is described in chapter 6 3 2 1 in detail Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999 99 99999 99 0 default 49 The maximum level WMA is the upper limit of the water level range for the calculation of the W v relation Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999 99 99999 99 0 default The low level border is the water level below that no valid velocity measurements are possible The measurements of the water level are still possible and are performed It is the lower limit of the water level range for the calculation of the W v relation Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999 99 99999 99 0 default The flow stop level is the water level where the river ceases to flow This does not have to be the
46. electing another river type Values Parameter Description 1 very constant veloc homogenous water surface small bandwidth 2 default standard heterogeneous water surface wide bandwidth 3 bank area heterogeneous water surface with very different velocities very wide bandwidth 4 splash water Splashing water surface full bandwidth 61 H K E Measurement type The measurement with the length of the measurement duration can be measured continuously in one piece or divided in parts Values Parameter Description 1 default continuous The measurement is measured in one piece 2 sequenced The measurement is measured divided into five parts Continuous measurement type The complete measurement duration is measured continuously in one piece This has the advantage of a fast measurement using little energy But for high fluctuations of the velocity the measurement time has to be selected very long to receive representative results Measurement 0 30 60 90 120 time Figure 42 Continuous measurement type Sequenced measurement type The measurement duration is divided randomly in five parts and is measure with randomly distributed breaks This increases the complete measurement duration but the energy consumption stays equal This has the advantage that with the same measurement time a longer time range can be observed without increasing the ene
47. ent trigger AN Attention The outputs of the measurement values are independent from the performing of the measurements and have to be set separately Internal measurement interval The measurements are started by the radar sensor in a defined interval The interval is set in the menu item B Measurement interval External trigger The measurements are started externally by a rising flank of the signal at the TRIG input External command The measurements are triggered by commands via the RS 485 or SDI 12 interface 27 6 3 2 Water level measurement 6 3 2 1 Adjustment The most important setting for the water level and discharge measurement is the adjusting of the level It is essential that the measured water level W is related to the reference system and respectively the discharge table see chapter 5 3 2 The procedure of the water level adjustment is different for sites with and without existing water level measurements Adjustment with known water level The adjustment with existing water level measurements is very simple as the actual water level is known It is essential that the gauge zero GZ of the existing water level measurement is defined as the reference point for the discharge table The water level measurement of the radar sensor is simply set to the known value of the existing water level measurement This is done with the menu item D C Adjustment in the menu D Level W Thereby
48. enus are closed with X D Hint All parameters of the menu are described in detail in chapter 9 After closing the main menu with X the sensor performs an initialization The beginning and the end of the initialization procedure is displayed by the initialization message Start init Init done Figure 21 Initialization message 6 1 3 2 RQ Commander A simple and comfortable way to communicate with the radar sensor is the PC software RQCommander of Sommer GmbH The communication with the radar sensor is operated by commands After editing the communication settings the communication to the sensor is established At first the all parameters are transferred from the sensor to the PC and are displayed in a local menu structure according to the sensor menu A Attention At the first communication with a new sensor version the parameter schema of the sensor has to be transferred Only then the menu structure is known in the RQCommander All parameter can be saved locally in files and can be edited Modified or all parameters can be uploaded to the sensor Further functions of the RQCommander are 26 o Profile Mode for site calibrations with entering of cross sections and creation of discharge tables see 5 3 only RQCommander Modelling Transferring of discharge tables to radar sensors only RQCommander Modelling Spectrum Mode to visualize radar spectra see 4 2 2 Time S
49. eries Mode to recalculate data only RQCommander Modelling Terminal Mode to check data transfer strings and for direct call of the sensor menu e 0000 Hints All parameters of the menu are described in detail in chapter 9 A detailed description of the RQCommander can be found in the online help or the manual of the RQCommander 6 2 Basic settings The basic settings have to be set at the first setting up of the radar sensor at a measurement site They are located in the menu H Technics and the submenu 0 Units and decimals of the radar sensor see chapter 9 6 2 1 Language This setting defines the language of the menu 6 2 2 Decimal character The setting defines the character for the decimal separator in the menu the serial output strings and the commands 6 2 3 Units and decimals The units and number of decimals have to be defined for all measured and calculated values The settings have to be set prior to all other settings as all values are saved internally in this format Therefore all related parameters must be reedited elaborately after a later change of any of these settings 6 3 Measurement settings 6 3 1 Timely triggering of measurements In the RQ 30 radar sensor measurements can be triggered differently Either they are started internally by an interval or they are triggered externally by the TRIG input or by RS 485 SDI 12 commands The type of trigger is set in the menu item A Measurem
50. escription 1 hold value The last valid value is output 2 default use replace value The replace value is output see H K J Stop replace value 3 use learn value The learned value from the W v relation is output according to the water level The parameter is the replace value for invalid measurements stop measurements Unit m s Value range 0 default 9999 999 99999 999 During the installation this parameter can be set if the water level is between the low level border WLL and the flow stop level WFS So discharge values can instantly be output As soon as the water level is above the low level border WLL this parameter is not relevant any more Unit m s Value range 0 default 9999 999 99999 999 The setting defines the type of velocity for all output values see chapter 4 3 1 Values Parameter Description 1 default surface velocity The velocity is output as local surface velocity v 2 mean profile veloc The velocity is output as mean velocity Vm 63 Vm k W v Attention The submenu is only available in the version RQ 30a The settings control the 4 to 20 mA outputs for measurement values see chapter 8 1 4 20 mA outputs A Status Ico nmooo iw IOUT1 AUX 4 20 mA span IOUT1 AUX 4 mA value IOUT2 level 4 20 mA span IOUT2 level 4 mA value IOUTS M
51. expected water level and should be simple Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999999 99999999 1000 default The velocity range for the output is defined from 0 to a maximal velocity Therefor the 4 mA value is predefined at 0 and only the 20 mA value is set as maximal velocity Unit Unit of the velocity v Value range 9999 999 99999 999 10 default The discharge range for the output is defined from 0 to a maximal discharge Therefor the 4 mA value is predefined at 0 and only the 20 mA value is set as maximal discharge Unit Unit of the discharge Q Value range 99999 99 999999 99 100 default This function allows the testing of the analog outputs First a value between 4 and 20 mA is entered After confirmation the corresponding simulated values for the analog outputs are displayed Additionally the defined current value is output at the analog outputs A connected data logger should now receive the simulated values By another confirmation the simulation of the current output is finished 65 In this submenu the data output via the RS 485 interface is defined RS 485 protocol A Device number 1 B System key 0 C Output protocol type Sommer D Measurement Output MO time after measurement E MO information amp special values F MO wake up sequence prefix G MO prefix hold back 300 ms H MO inact timeout for pre
52. first a water level measurement of the radar sensor is performed and the actual value is output In the next step the target value of the water level is entered as Set point level It has to be the actual water level known from the existing water level measurement After confirming the input the water level measurement of the radar sensor is automatically adjusted to the given value and the mounting height of the radar sensor WRQ in the reference system W is calculated Le S e pa W 2 21m 0m GZ Figure 22 Water level adjustment with known water level Adjustment with unknown water level If no water level of an existing water level measurement is known the mounting height of the radar sensor WRQ can be set directly The requirement for this procedure is knowledge of the exact vertical position of the radar sensor WRQ in the reference system W The value of WRQ is entered in the menu item D D WRQ RQ 30 fixation level g WRQ 4 82 m Figure 23 Water level adjustment by setting of the mounting level WRQ 28 6 3 2 2 Setting of the special water levels The velocity measurement might be obstructed at low water levels Therefore the radar sensor offers the possibility to set low level border WLL If the water level drops below the WLL the velocity measurement is stopped to avoid wrong measurements The water level measurement is still performed and the discharge is calculated by extrapolating the velocity from the
53. fix 19 Sec MODBUS set default J MODBUS device address 35 Figure 45 Submenu RS 485 protocol The device number is used for the unique identification of the radar sensor in a bus system Value range 0 98 1 default L Y 2 H M The system key defines the own bus system Thereby different conceptual bus systems can be separated These occur if remote radio coverages of two measurement systems overlap In general the setting should be set to 00 Value range 0 99 0 default LI hj H I The type of the serial output protocol is set The protocols are described in chapter 7 2 6 Values Parameter Description 1 default Sommer Sommer protocol 2 standard Standard protocol 3 compatible A MIO protocol with checksum comp RQ 24 4 compatible B MIO protocol with CRC 16 comp RQ 24 5 compatible C Standard protocol comp RQ 24 6 MODBUS Modbus protocol 66 H M D Measurement Output MO time The type of triggering the serial data outputs is defined Values Parameter Description 1 just per command The output is only requested by commands via the RS 485or SDI 12 interface 2 default after measurement The serial data output is performed automatically right after every measurement 3 pos TRIG slope The serial data output is triggered by an increasing slope on the TRIG input
54. for examples stones can influence the flow condition in a way that the velocity measurement is invalid Or velocity measurements cannot be possible as the sensor is directed on dry areas For these low water levels the velocities can be extrapolated from the W v relation and therefore provide valid values for the velocity and the discharge see chapter 6 3 2 2 w WMA a EE ES 16 learned velocities WLL 250 WFS e v Figure 26 Extrapolation of the velocity below the low level border WLL A Attention If no stable W v relation is present at the measurement site the learning of the W v relation will provide instable results as well 6 5 2 Learning of the W v relation For the range between the two water levels WMA maximum level and WLL low level border internally a table with 16 value pairs is created consisting out of water levels and learned velocities These learned velocities of the table are now continuously adjusted with every measurement By and by the complete range of the water level is passed through and a relatively stable relation between water level and velocity is formed if the measurement site allows this Consequently for every measured water level a learned velocity and respectively a learned discharge can be assigned by linear interpolation A Attention The duration for the learning of the W v relation is influenced by the fluctuation of the water level at
55. g 7 3 1 SDI 12 address The radar sensor is identified with a unique address in the SDI 12 bus system The address can be changed in the menu item H C SDI 12 address or by the SDI 12 command class A The default address is 0 7 3 2 Measurement values of the main cycle The sequence of the main special and analysis values is according to the description in chapter 7 1 These values can be requested by the command groups aM aMC aC and aCC and by the command classes R and RC in interval mode 7 3 3 Operation modes of the radar sensor Out of the combination of triggering the measurements see chapter 6 3 1 the following operation modes for the radar sensor are possible Interval mode This is the default operation mode The measurements are triggered internally by the measurement interval So the measurement values are available anytime to the SDI 12 BUS Therefore the measurement values only have to be requested by class R SDI 12 version gt 1 2 necessary For commands of the command groups aM aMC aC and aCC a virtual measurement time of 1 s is specified Polling mode A connected SDI 12 data logger triggers and controls the output of data autonomous by commands of the command groups aM aMC aC and aCC For this mode the measurements of the radar sensor have to be triggered by external commands see chapter 6 3 1 or the menu item A Measurement trigger in chapter 9 42 7 3 4
56. he measurement The triggering of the measurement is performed either by external commands or the TRIG input 7 2 4 Additional output strings The output protocols have separate output strings for the main values the special values and the analysis values see chapter 7 1 Only the main values are always output The output strings of the special values and the analysis values can additionally be activated with the setting H M E MO Information 7 2 5 Waking up of a connected data logger The radar sensor supports the waking up of connected data loggers independent of the protocol Normally this feature is only used in pushing mode The settings are in the submenu H M RS 485 protocol Sync sequence The sync sequence consists out of UU and is sent directly before a command The aim is to synchronize the receiving UART Prefix The prefix is an arbitrary character the radar sensor uses a blank The character is sent prior to any communication Then the time of the H M G MO prefix holdback is waited and the command is sent afterwards With this procedure the receiving device has time to wake up 36 7 2 6 Output protocols For the output of measurement values via the RS 485 interface different protocols are available They are selected with the menu item H M C Output protocol type 7 2 6 1 Sommer protocol The data strings of the Sommer protocol consist out of a header with the system key device number and a string
57. he time the sensor waits between switching on the supply and performing a measurement The water level sensor demands 60 s before valid measurements are available So for switched power supply the hold back time has to be at least 60 seconds If the supply is not switched the hold back time can be set to 0 Unit sec Seconds Value range 0 255 60 default The water level sensor provides a signal of 4 to 20 mA The span defines the range from 4 to 20 mA in the selected unit of the water level Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999999 99999999 15000 default for standard range of 15 m 35000 default for extended range of 35 m Usually the default value should not be changed as the parameter has to correspond to the settings in the water level sensor In this submenu contains the technical parameters for the velocity measurement Tech velocity v A Minimum velocity 150 mm s B Maximum velocity 5000 mm s C Spectral trap veloc rise 200 mm s D Meas spot optimization standard E Measurement type continuous F Stop min quality SNR 30 G Stop max opp direction 50 96 H Stop number of valid meas 3 Stop behavior use replace value J Stop replace value 0 m s K Start veloc at WLL 0 m s L Velocity output surface velocity Figure 40 Submenu Tech velocity v The minimum velocity defines the starting velocity of the spectral analysis No lower veloci
58. ide 17 5 3 Site Calibra N aeieea depu dern scared a don IS Fe Dodd ued co FE RI ordo E Po Dod aora cS Fo RR or eases 18 5 3 1 Necessary Informall ti coe t E ete Enea as ot eens 18 5 3 2 Selection of a reference system ssssssssssesesseeneeeeeeenenne nnne 20 5 3 3 Creating the discharge table nre n Ion eene S meae amiet 21 6 IDIOT c Ma 23 6 1 Direct COMMECHON audeat o eR RR RR E RA d RU RR RA RR ARA EMEN RARI Edi RARI RAE 23 B asd CONVO Gl aotem o temi vns iitadevt t nte tde sh eae Garam ade 23 5 1 2 Connection settings asiste ete eiie re LR e Le ac entere Petre eb te needed coda ets 24 6 1 3 COMMUNMIGAHOM s nado baee oki ni dU SRM ba E Uh dE Dod a2 GRUPO UN E E DRM p A E N aSa 24 5 2 SIS Setting Serien oS Ote acaba meme Reset E One ER ceci a E ath to ES eR coU bete iret 27 6 24 Language oed eee e pae e patere tese Hal eq ides lead eeu Hex rebus 27 6 2 2 Decimal eharScter sas ceo PES ar ae ede pan tv uidi ase 27 p 23 Units argd decimals uit oio pa ae Aisne ea pete eh tex pa he R ea e ttim So cto rtt reel Seg tds 27 6 3 Measurement SeltlllgS xe cadi oe tcn tette tut tat tu hosted tup tte tel etc 27 6 3 1 Timely triggering of measurements sssssssseseeseeeeeeneenneeeene nnne 27 6 3 2 Water level measurement ssesssssesseeeseseeeeeeeene nnne 28 6 3 3 Velocity measurement ecc peer tr o n ol a ek e ra Roi HR Uc e eR MUR UE 30 6 4 Disch
59. ight H In the following example a fixed point was defined at a unique point on the bridge The height of the point is 5 m in the reference system of the cross section H The gauge zero was defined as 0 21 m in the system of the cross section H So the fixed point is at 5 21 m in the system of the water level measurement W and the cross section can be transferred into the reference system of the water level W 5 3 3 Creating the discharge table The calibration of the measurement site is expressed in the form of the discharge table This table is stored in the radar sensor and is the base for the calculation of the discharge out of the water level and velocity measurements described in chapter 4 3 and in the following figure o ye tr Ww A W Q A W k W v k W v v Figure 14 Meaning of the values of a line in the discharge table The discharge table consists of the cross section area A W and the k factor k W in dependence of the water level W The area of the cross section is derived from the cross section profile The k factor used to calculate the measured local velocity at the water surface into the mean velocity is determined according to chapter 4 3 2 The water levels in the discharge table have to correlate exactly with the water level measurement of the radar sensor In the discharge table up to 16 lines can be edited The sequence is from low to high water levels Values between two water levels a
60. irection upstream and downstream o Flow conditions at the measurement site o Information to the roughnesses in the cross section 19 5 3 2 Selection of a reference system The requirement for a correct usage of the calibration in form of the discharge table is a unique reference system Level W for the measurement site The measurements of the water level the mounting position of the radar sensor and the cross section profile have to relate to each other Especially the water level in the discharge table and the water level measurement in the radar sensor have to be consistent with each other To select the reference system for a measurement site situations with an existing water level measurement and without a water level measurement have to be differed Sites with an existing water level measurement If a water level measurement is already present at the measurement site i e a gauge plate or a gauge sensor it is recommended to use the gauge zero of the existing measurement as the reference point The point of the gauge zero is usually unique and defined permanently Moreover the consistency of the existing water level measurement and the radar measurement simplifies the interpretation The height position of the gauge zero GZ has to be known in the reference system of the cross section 0 21 3 71 Figure 12 Gauge zero GZ of a gauge plate for a cross section in local height H In the example the gauge zero GZ at 0 21
61. itive number before the decimal character and is output in dB Usually a SNR lower than 30 refers to an insufficient velocity measurement Amplification Received radar signal can be variably strong Reasons are beneath others the condition of the water surface the presence of waves and the distance to the reflector The amplification of the radar sensor is automatically adjusted for the measured signal The lowest amplification is 0 the highest is 9 If the amplification is high the echo of the radar signal is weak So amplifications with the value 0 are optimal and with the value 9 they are bad 74 Band width class The band width class depends on the spectral velocity distribution A high band width corresponds usually with a turbulent river type i e Splash water a low band width with a smooth river type i e consistent This assignment is not very accurate Observations of the flow conditions at the measurement site always have to be considered Band width class Quotient of width over velocity 0 25 gt 0 25 gt 0 5 gt 0 75 gt 1 gt 1 25 gt 1 5 gt 1 75 COIN OD a wsnm o gt 2 Table 31 Definition of band with classes 10 2 RS 485 interface 10 2 1 Protocols 10 2 1 1 Sommer protocol Header The header of output strings in Sommer protocol is used to identify the data by the system key the device number and the string numbe
62. ly one or both velocity directions can be identified This awareness can result in a modification of the settings for the velocity measurement 6 4 Discharge table To calculate the discharge from the measurements of the water level and the velocity a discharge table is needed This table is the result of a site calibration as described in chapter 5 93 The discharge table is deposited in the radar sensor It is either edited directly in the menu F Discharge table or the discharge table is uploaded to the radar sensor with the PC software RQCommander Modelling 31 6 5 W v relation The RQ 30 radar sensor supports the functionality of W v learning Thereby a stable relation between water level W and the flow velocity is assumed This relation is generated internally in the radar sensor and is adjusted continuously The usage of the W v relation results in additional measurement values for the velocity and the discharge 6 5 1 Usage The W v relation can be used to smooth velocity measurements and consequently the discharge The water level fluctuates in general only minimal while the velocity depending on the flow conditions can show strong fluctuations The usage of the learned velocities from the W v relation according to the measured water level therefore results in smoother measurement values Additionally the W v relation is used to extrapolate velocities for water levels below the low level border WLL At low water levels
63. m is the reference point for the cross section identified by local height H and width With the reference point the profile is transferred into the water level Sites without an existing water level measurement For measurement sites without an existing water level measurement a new reference system has to be defined It is recommended to select a fixed point as reference point to allow a later reproduction of the definition of the reference system It is essential to document the reference point and its relation to the water level W properly For channels with a stable river bed a point on the bed can be selected as reference point and gauge zero simultaneously The advantage is the usually simple determination of the actual water level and therefore an easy adjusting procedure of the water level measurement in the radar sensor For all other measurement sites a fixed point has to be selected Examples are survey points or unique points on bridges or assemblies This point has to be known in the coordinates of the cross section It is not necessary that the height position of the reference point has to be 20 selected as gauge zero But the relation of the height of the reference point has to be related absolutely to the gauge zero H Ww Reference point 5 m p 5 21 m Reference point Om GZ 0 21 m Width m Height H m 3 71 Water level W m Figure 13 Gauge zero GZ with fixed point for a cross section in local he
64. measured internally Table 2 Specifications of the velocity measurement Automatic vertical angle compensation Accuracy e Resolution 0 1 Table 3 Specifications of the internal angle measurement 3 3 Water level measurement Water level measurement Measurement range 0 15 m 0 49 21 ft standard version Md Bn d Li 0 35 m 0 114 83 ft extended measurement range optional Resolution 1mm Accuracy 2 mm 0 025 96 FS 15 m Radar frequency 26 GHz K Band Radar opening angle 10 Table 4 Specifications of the water level measurement 3 4 Housing The system housing is manufactured out of powder coated aluminum The mounting from the RQ 30 is designed for a pipe diameter 34 48mm Figure 1 Dimensions of the housing in mm 3 5 Pin configurations 3 5 1 Connector MAIN Figure 2 Pin configuration of the connector MAIN MAIN 12 Pins Power supply A GND Ground B _ Vsupply 6 30 V Trigger input C TRIG Low level 0 0 6 V High level 2 30 V RS 485 interface D RS485 A 1 x RS 485 1200 115200 Baud E RS485 B SDI 12 interface F SDI12 1 x SDI 12 1200 Baud Digital switching output G DIG OUT Max 1 5A Analog outputs H IOUTGND Ground for analog outputs 6 308 only J IOUTI Optional sensor at AUX K IOUT2 Water level L IOUTA Discharge M IOUT3 Velo
65. n The sensor is set into a Boot Loader mode for three minutes to upload new software 10 Appendix 10 1 Measurement values 10 1 1 Special values and error values Measurement values can have special values or error values Value Description 9999 998 Initial value No measurement was performed yet 9999 997 Converting error 9999999 Positive overflow 9999999 Negative overflow Table 29 Special values and error values 10 1 2 Quality value The quality value provides information to the velocity measurement and distribution The parameter is a decimal number consisting out of the following parameters Parameter Position Validity of the measurement Sign SNR Number before the decimal character Amplification First figure after the decimal character Band width class Second figure after the decimal character Table 30 Parameters of the quality value Validity of the measurement Measurements with a negative sign have been identified as invalid stop measurements The criterion for the invalidity is an opposite direction content above the threshold of menu item H K G Stop max opp direction The quality of measurements that are declared as invalid by a quality SNR below the threshold of menu item H K F Stop min quality SNR are not signed negative SNR The Signal to Noise Ratio is the most important parameter in the quality value The SNR is the pos
66. nt3 excl Or uint2 excl Or uint1 Figure 49 Procedure of CRC 16 calculation The same procedure expressed in C code Crc16 crc16tab unsigned char Crc16 gt gt 8 Crc16 8 unsigned int c Figure 50 Procedure of CRC 16 calculation in C Example String with CRC 16 M0001G00se00 29 15 01 1 075 02 1 347 03 8 91 04 1 61 0599999 98 3FF7 Figure 51 Example of a string with CRC 16 The first character is z the last character for the CRC 16 calculation is the separator The CRC 16 of the string is 3FF7 The end character is The CRC 16 is calculated sequentially with the start value O for the initial CRC 16 calculation Position String CRC 16 Start 0000 0 0023 1 M 234D 2 MO 5931 3 M00 FAEC 4 M000 A265 5 M0001 F099 Figure 52 Example of a CRC 16 calculation 81 10 3 SDI 12 interface In this manual only the most important aspects corresponding to the RQ 30 are mentioned A detailed description of SDI 12 standards can be accessed by the following link http www sdi 12 org 10 3 1 Structure of SDI 12 commands Parameter Format Description SDI 12 address d 1 number Command XXXXX Capital letter letters and numbers End character Example OxXWA 0 Table 44 Structure of SDI 12 commands 10 3 2 Sensor identification The requesting of the sensor identification is perfo
67. number multiple measurement values with the measurement index according to chapter 7 1 and a closing sequence The format of header measurement values and closing sequence is described in detail in appendix 10 2 1 1 Main values The main values are identified by the string number 00 right after G Protocol string M0001GO00se00 17 4 01 8806 02 0 433 03 40 93 04 0 00 0599999 98 59DF Table 13 Example of protocol string with main values in Sommer protocol M0001G00se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 00 00 17 4 AUX 01 8806 Water level 02 0 433 Velocity 03 40 93 Quality SNR see appendix 10 1 2 04 0 00 Discharge 0599999 98 Cross section area 59DF Closing sequence Table 14 Main values in Sommer protocol Special values The special values are identified by the string number 01 right after G Protocol string M0001G01se06 0 000 07 0 00 08 46 09 15 13 E30C Table 15 Example of protocol string with special values in Sommer protocol M0001G01se Header with system key 00 device number 01 and string number 01 06 0 000 Learned velocity 07 0 00 Learned discharge 08 46 Opposite direction content 09 Tov IS Supply voltage E30C Closing sequence Table 16 Special values in Sommer protocol 4 The positions of the measured and learned velocity and discharge can be switched with the menu item H G
68. ocity measurement is automatically corrected with this inclination The setting controls when measurements of the inclination are performed Values Parameter Description 1 default first measurement The inclination is only measured prior to the first measurement after the initialization process after switching on and after changes of parameters 2 every The inclination is measured during every velocity measurement measurement AN Important If the inclination of the radar sensor can change i e if mounted on a cable way the inclination has to be measured new for every velocity measurement H F Sleep mode The parameter defines the behavior of the radar sensor in the pause between measurements Thereto the measurement interval has to be higher than the duration of a complete measurement cycle Values Parameter Description 1 MODBUS fast The radar sensor stays in normal mode 2 default MODBUS slow The radar sensor stops its program and can be woken up by the RS 485 interface 3 standard The radar sensor stops its program and can be woken up by the RS 485 interface only with time delay 57 The setting defines if the measured or learned values of the velocity and the discharge are output see chapter 6 5 The output includes values in the serial output strings see chapter 7 2 6 and 7 3 and the analog outputs see chapter 8 1
69. on bridges the influence of pillars on the flow conditions are avoided Additional the influences of rain and snow fall can be eliminated by a direction separation of the velocity measurement see 4 2 3 The radar sensor can differ if movements occur in direction to the radar sensor or from the sensor away As rainfall usually moves downwards and therefor from the radar sensor away these parts of the velocities can be blanked out Mounting bellow bridges or in closed channels It has to be assured that no rain or melt water from the bridge or ceiling is drained through the view field of the radar The appearance of such events may influence the measurement strongly during rain fall Especially in situations with ceilings multiple reflections may occur Thereby the radar signal may not only be reflected back to the sensor by the water surface but through multiple reflections from the bridge or the ceiling This may influence the received signals and the measurement results Multiple reflections are minimized by as smooth as possible ceilings and the avoiding of rectangular edges 16 5 2 Mounting of the sensor The radar sensor can be mounted in different ways Bridges The mounting on bridges is a simple cost efficient variant as an existing building is used The radar sensor is either installed on the structure itself or on the railing of the bridge In many cases the radar sensor can be protected against rain fall The following point
70. on is either in local height coordinates in absolute height above the sea level or as distance from a point at the top downwards 1O N vt ts e o Width m 149 o 1 Height H m e L 1 Figure 8 Cross section profile in local height H Figure 9 Cross section profile in sea level SL 1 eo Width m LI Distance D m 1 Figure 10 Cross section profile in distance downwards D Roughnesses An estimation of the roughnesses in the cross section profile is necessary to model the k factors The roughness is specified as absolute roughness ks Strickler coefficient ks or Manning coefficient n For the software RQCommander a description of the condition at the border in the form Bed of sand or Brick stone walls is sufficient to constitute the roughness coefficients Radar position The exact position of the radar in the reference system has to be known This information is essential for the modeling of the k factors and the adjusting of the water level measurement LULA UM e So m te Width m I Height m de Figure 11 Cross section profile with radar position in local height Pictures It is recommended to document the measurement site with pictures These help to understand the situation at the measurement site and are useful for a post processing Adequate motives are o Measurement site with the installation position of the sensor o Situation of the river in viewing d
71. onnected V Use country region code and area Stoppbits fi z O Bosesteuenzng z Wiederherstellen i Abbrechen bemehmen Figure 18 Setting of the COM port and the connection settings In the next step the connection can be established If the power supply of the sensor is switched on a boot message is output Boot RQ 30a 1 70r00 S00 DO01 Figure 19 Boot message and initialization message In the boot message the RQ 30 radar sensor is identified with its firmware version and the address in the RS 485 bus S system key D device number The sensor menu can be opened by quickly entering three question marks Qo Hint As an unwanted switching into the menu mode has to be avoided the timing of the three question marks is very restrictive and must never be finished with an Enter This is especially important for command line tools which may automatically send a closing Carriage return 25 Main menu Measurement trigger interval Measurement interval 600 sec AUX Level W J OQ W Velocity v tz Discharge table DIG OUT output a n Technics Special functions Choice X for exit Figure 20 Main menu The menu items are selected by entering the letter left of the label Either submenus are opened or the selected parameter is displayed with its unit Changes are confirmed with Enter or discarded with Esc M
72. op bit The parameter makes sure that no interferences of commands and answers at the RS 485 interface occur Thereto the answers are delayed by the selected time Additional the parameter can guarantee that the answer is kept compact Milliseconds 0 default Unit ms 0 2000 Value range The interface waits the defined time before data is sent Milliseconds 20 default Unit ms 0 2000 Value range The XOFF XON flow control can be activated for the communication Values Parameter Description 1 default off no flow control 2 XOFF XON XOFF XON flow control especially adapted for blocking half duplex systems If the XON XOFF flow control is activated all transmitted data are sent in blocks with the defined length in ms Milliseconds 500 default Unit ms 200 5000 Value range If the XON XOFF flow control is activated a break is performed between the transmissions of the blocks The length of these breaks in ms is set Milliseconds 400 default Unit ms 200 5000 Value range 69 Units and decimals A AUX unit C B AUX decimals 1 C Level W unit cm D Level W decimals 1 E Velocity v unit m s F Velocity v decimals 3 G Discharge Q unit m 3 s H Discharge Q decimals 2 Area A unit m 2 J Area A decimals 2 Figure 47 Submenu Unit
73. r Parameter Format Description Start character Identifier M M identifies an output string System key dd 2 numbers Device number dd 2 numbers Command ID G G defines an output string with string number String number dd 00 Main values 01 Special values 02 Analysis values 1 03 Analysis values 2 Command se se identifies automatically sent values Example M0001G00se Table 32 Header of the Sommer protocol Measurement value 75 Output strings in Sommer protocol contain multiple measurement values The values are output sequenced For a value 8 characters are reserved A decimal number may contain maximal 7 numbers the 8 character is reserved for the decimal character The values are output right aligned so blanks may occur between index and value Parameter Format Description Index dd 2 numbers Value XXXXXXXX 8 character right aligned Separator Example 00 9 15 Table 33 Values in Sommer protocol End sequence The output string is finished with a CRC 16 and an end character The CRC 16 is described in chapter 10 2 4 After the output string the control characters Carriage return and Line feed are output Parameter Format Description CRC 16 hhhh 4 hex characters End character Control characters CR LF Carriage return and Line feed Example 9E31 CR LF Table 34 End sequence of the Sommer protocol
74. r no stationary waves may occur as they may influence the velocity and water level measurement strongly Stationary waves are caused by pillars of bridges sharp edges in the bed or big stones and their appearance is moreover depending on the water level On one hand stationary waves cause errors in angle as the radar impulse is reflected from the stationary wave and not the plane water surface On the other hand they may influence the gauge measurement as stationary waves at the water surface are interpreted as higher water levels Range with unchanging cross section Especially when modeling measurement sites the cross section in the range of the complete measurement has to be consistent Changes are for example caused by widenings or narrowings of the river bed Also pillars of bridges and curves in the river may change the cross section The range with unchanging cross section should be the twofold of the distance between the mounting height of the radar sensor and the minimum water level upstream and half the distance downstream of the measurement Stable cross section The calculation of the discharge uses the cross section area see 4 3 Therefor the cross section of the river must not change as this causes the need of a new site calibration Examples for changes of the cross section are abrasion of the channel bed the agglomeration of bed loads or the relocation of sand banks Changes of the cross section may be identified by changes in the
75. r theoretical values If the measured water level lies between two calibrated lines the theoretical lines are ignored The water levels are edited with increasing order from low to high water levels The unit is defined in the submenu H O Units and decimals Unit Unit of the level W Value range 9999 99 99999 99 O default The k factor is the relation between the mean and the measured local velocity at the defined water level see chapter 4 3 2 The value is absolute i e a k factor of 70 96 is entered as 0 700 Value range 0 99999 999 1 default The area corresponds to the filled part of the cross section area depending on the water level Unit Unit of the area A Value range 9999 99 99999 99 0 default 54 The RQ 30 radar sensor supports the surveillance of discharges The discharge is checked using a threshold value A violation of the threshold causes the digital output to be set DIG OUT output A Trigger via off B Threshold type threshold overrun C Discharge threshold value 100 m 3 s D Discharge hysteresis 2 m 3 s Figure 36 Menu DIG OUT output The parameter activates the discharge surveillance and defines if the discharge of the device or a combined discharge of multiple devices is checked Values Parameter Description 1 default off Surveillance deactivated 2 discharge
76. radar sensor is connected following the schema bellow and the supply is provided RQ 30 OV eg NN GND PC brown 6V 30V 2g q Vsupply 6 V 30V oe N TRIG C yellow RS485 A o gt RS485 B pink SDI12 USB Nano 485 TT mm DIGOUT wm 54 oUTGND black OUTI violett IOUT2 blue red IOUT3 rey pink ae IOUTA Figure 16 Connection details for the converter USB Nano 485 Converter RS232 to RS485 The second possibility is the connection with a RS 232 interface of the computer For that the converter IFD RS232 485 of Sommer GmbH has to be used The converter and the radar sensor are connected following the schema bellow and the supply is provided for the converter and the radar sensor AN Attention The interface converter IFD RS232 485 of Sommer GmbH can only be operated with maximal 15 VDC 23 RQ 30 ov white GND 215 VOC brown Vsupply 6 30 VDC PC om TRIG crossed cable yellow C RS485 A dn RS485 B pak 0112 de DIGOUT RS 232 RS 232 RS 232 B wm JoUTGND Ub 4 15 VDC RB mm PC oum IOUT2 IOUT3 eR arerlnink ours violett o ALONE A blue red GND RS 232 TTL EXGND Sommer IFD RS232 RS485 Figure 17 Connection details for the converter IFD RS232 485 6 1 2 Connection set
77. rature sensor The input is for 0 to 2 5 V signals The connected sensor can be supplied with the supply voltage of the RQ 30 minus 1 V GND IN C V ly 1V supply D Figure 4 Configuration of the connector AUX AUX Ground A GND Ground Input 0 to 2 5 V B IN 0 2 5 V Supply C Vsupply 1 V Supply voltage of the RQ 30 minus 1V D z 7 Table 8 Pin configuration of the connector AUX 4 Principle of measurement The RQ 30 radar sensor measures contact free the water level and the flow velocity at the water surface and calculates the discharge Local Velocity v measurement spot Cross section A W Figure 5 Principle of measurement of the RQ 30 radar sensor 4 1 Water level 4 1 1 Definition The water level W is the vertical distance of a point of the water surface above or below a relation datum for example defined by gauge zero GZ Figure 6 Water level W and gauge zero GZ 4 1 2 Principle of measurement The water level is measured contact free using the principle of transit time measurements of reflected signals The radar sensor is installed above a river and transmits a short micro wave impulse in the direction of the water surface This impulse is reflected at the water surface and is recorded by the same sensor now working as receiver The time between transmitting and receiving the impulse is directly proportional to the distance from sensor to w
78. re linear interpolated in the radar sensor 21 Number Gauge m k value Area m2 01 0 4 64 0 47 02 0 6 68 7 9 5 03 0 8 72 1 14 4 04 1 08 74 2 21 5 05 1 6 74 7 35 7 06 2 12 75 0 51 5 07 3 16 Ly 84 0 08 4 9 79 5 141 8 09 6 7 80 7 202 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Figure 15 Example of a discharge table An appropriate and relatively simple possibility to create the discharge table is the software RQCommander Modelling of Sommer GmbH The cross section profile the roughnesses and the sensor position can be entered and the discharge table is calculated automatically It then simply can be transferred to the radar sensor Alternative procedures are described in chapter 4 3 2 22 6 Radar sensor 6 1 Direct connection In this section the establishing of a direct connection from a PC or a laptop to the radar sensor is described 6 1 1 Converter The radar sensor has a RS 485 interface To establish a direct connection to a computer a converter is necessary Converter USB to RS 485 The first possibility is the connection with a USB interface The usage of any converter from USB to RS 485 is possible Sommer GmbH uses the converter USB Nano 485 The converter is connected to a free USB interface and the drivers have to be installed This supplies a COM port that is used for the connection Note The installation of the converter USB Nano 485 is described in the appendix 10 5 The
79. re manual before setting up or operating this equipment The non compliance of this manual could result in damage to the equipment Also in the case of non compliance injuries of individuals cannot be excluded totally To make sure that the protection provided of and by this equipment is not impaired do not use or install this equipment in any manner other than that specified in this manual Contents 1 Introducti n mE Kaan 5 2 Overview of the installation steps s ssnnnnsnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn 6 Eo ollo erede n sec E A A A T T 7 3 17 General vereinen AE pP 7 3 2 Velocity mieas Uem BET oon pacta to drap enned N Meda e Ee Nadia EAE Sepe dou ed mE 7 3 3 Water level measuremient oci eo Ree ke kk o ds ne R e oc Ke elu Ro XD EH hi a Eg 8 BAe HOUSIDO o seduto aC D MALAM eh ag ae eas ee ELLA iue 8 3 5 Piri coenfigaralloris ces cem et ee ca m cen te npa E tendit usa uttter EN 9 345 1 Connector MAIN uui ceisocpusttdo soe Ret rae tado spec et orant tuo pae ctore ae eti ce ot ao pae etu S eae t orae et o aeta 9 3 5 2 Connection wire for connector MAIN sessesssesesseeeneneeeneeenne nnne nnn 10 Ons Gonnsslor LEVEL os certat Pa E T E MeERRUM 10 3 5 4 Connector AUX ick cak recen c Yr APR e CR FADE CURA ERI UA VAR ated FARK RATER BE CEARRIRK UAFA EEEak 11 4 Principle of mieas remlerni 22 11012 ooi o1 annoa
80. rgy consumption Especially for high fluctuations of the velocity this method provides better results Measurement 0 30 60 90 120 time Figure 43 Sequenced measurement type in five blocks H K F Stop min quality SNR The parameter defines a lower limit for the value of the quality SNR below that measurements are identified as invalid Invalid measurements are handled according to the menu item H K I Stop behavior A low quality SNR occurs if the velocity is below a measureable value Especially measurement site in tidal influences or with back water and where the velocity can decrease to 0 the usage of this parameter is recommended Unit Value range 7 100 30 default 62 The opposite direction content is the relation between the velocity distributions in analysis direction and opposite direction The parameter defines an upper limit for the opposite direction content above that measurements are identified as invalid Invalid measurements are handled according to the menu item H K I Stop behavior Unit Value range 10 1000 Application area 30 100 50 default After invalid measurements this number of valid measurements has to occur to identify the measurement as valid again Value range 1 20 3 default The parameter defines the handling of invalid measurements stop measurements Values Parameter D
81. rmed with the SDI 12 command al with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device Command Answer Ol 013Sommer RX 30 170r00 RQ 30a CR ILF Table 45 Example of a sensor identification request In the answer the following information is included 0 SDI 12 address 1 SDI 12 version prior to the point 3 SDI 12 version after the point Sommer Description of the company 6 characters and 2 blanks RX 30 Description of the firmware 5 characters and 2 blanks 170r00 Firmware version 6 characters and 2 blanks RQ 30a Comment max 13 characters Table 46 Answer to a sensor identification request 10 3 3 Requesting of measurement values The requesting of the complete measurement values is performed with the SDI 12 commands aRO and aR1 with a standing for the SDI 12 address of the device Command Answer ORO 0 16 5 8964 2 452 29 93 0 00 99999 98 2 444 0 00 CR LF OR1 0 46 15 13 CR LF Table 47 Example of a measurement values request 82 In the answer string the main values and the special values are included according to the sequence from chapter 7 1 0 SDI 12 address 16 5 AUX 8964 Water level 2 452 Velocity 129 193 Quality SNR see appendix 10 1 2 0 00 Discharge 99999 98 Cross section area 42 444 learned velocity 0 00 learned discharge 46 Opposite direction
82. s and decimals A Important These settings have to be defined prior to all following settings as internal information is saved in the defined formats After a later adjustment all settings in the menu have to be checked and adjusted The unit for the measurement of the optional sensor at the input AUX is set as a text Value range 8 characters C default The number of the places after the decimal character is defined for the measurement values of the optional sensor at the AUX input Value range 0 6 1 default The unit of the water level is selected Values Values Description 1 mm Millimeter 2 default cm Centimeter 3 m Meter 4 in Inch 5 ft Feet 6 yd Yard 70 The number of the places after the decimal character is defined for the water level Value range 0 6 1 default The unit of the velocity is selected Values Parameter Description 1 mm s Millimeter per second 2 default m s Meter per second 3 km h Kilometer per hour 4 ft s Feet per second 5 in s Inch per second 6 mph Miles per hour 7 kn Knots The number of the places after the decimal character is defined for the velocity Value range 0 6 3 default The unit of the discharge is selected Values Parameter De
83. s have to be accounted for Preferred viewing direction upstream Avoiding of drainages of water in view field Avoiding of multiple reflections Protections against vandalism OoOo00 Extension arms If no bridges are available the sensor can be mounted on extension arms protruding from one bank into the river It is suggested to install rotatable attachments to simplify the maintenance The following points have to be accounted for o Representative position in the main current o No swinging of the assembly Cable ways The radar sensor can be mounted on a cable way or ropes crossing the river The following points have to be accounted for o Berforming of inclination measurement prior to every measurement o Minimize the swinging of the sensor o Avoid changes in the height position 5 3 Site Calibration Every measurement site demands its individual calibration The calibration is deposited in the form of the discharge table in the radar sensor It is used to calculate the discharge out of the measured water level and velocity 5 3 1 Necessary Information Cross section profile The cross section profile is a vertical section through the channel from the river bed to the maximum expected water level It is necessary for the calculation of the cross section areas A W and the modeling of the k factors k W see chapter 4 3 The cross section is usually taken at the position of the water level measurement The height informati
84. scription 1 l s Liter per second 2 default m 3 s Cubic meter per second 3 ft 3 s Cubic feet per second 4 yd 3 s Cubic yard per second 5 us Gal s US gallons per second 6 en Gal s English gallons per second 7 MI d Megaliter per day The number of the places after the decimal character is defined for the discharge Value range 0 6 3 default The unit of the area is selected Values Parameter Description 1 dm 2 Square decimeter 2 default m 2 Square meter 3 ft 2 Square feet 71 4 yd 2 Square yard The number of the places after the decimal character is defined for the area Value range 0 6 2 default Special functions View spectral distribution Veloc radar inspection View spectral trap View setup Device status W v table view W v table reset To mnmmoouu wmxr Set factory default Temp load factory default c Relaunch program Replace program Figure 48 Menu Special functions With this command the radar sensor is set into spectral mode After every measurement the spectral velocity distribution for both movement directions is output in a table Subsequent additional information is output The spectral mode is automatically closed after 30 minutes With the software RQCommander the spectra can be received visualized and stored So experts can analyze the
85. soM er MESS cool E CORBIS RQ 30 RQ 30a Firmware version 1 8x Discharge Measurement System User Manual Manual version V02 2014 07 29 Sommer GmbH All rights reserved The Copyrights for this manual are exclusively at the company Sommer GmbH A 6842 Koblach This manual may only be multiplied or passed on third parties with written permission of the company Sommer This applies also if only excerpts of this manual are copied or passed on The same conditions exist for the passing on in digital form soM er MES PESCE Ik Sommer GmbH Strassenhaeuser 27 6842 Koblach Austria http www sommer at Email office sommer at Tel 43 5523 55 989 0 Fax 43 5523 55 989 19 Validity This manual applies to the discharge measurement systems RQ 30 and RQ 30a The RQ 30a is an extended version with analog outputs In this manual RQ 30 is generally used for both versions if not mentioned otherwise The manual is valid for the firmware version 1 7x with all its subversions The firmware version is listed in the menu I Special functions under the menu item I E Device status or in the boot message CE compliance This product is in conformity with the following standards EMV EN 301 489 1 3 V 1 6 1 Safety EN 60950 1 Health EN 62311 R amp TTE EN 300 440 2 V 1 2 1 following the provision of directive R amp TTE 1999 5 EC Safety Information Please read this enti
86. t character Identifier X Capital letter System key dd 2 numbers Device number dd 2 numbers Command XXX Command Separator CRC 16 hhhh 4 hex characters only W commands End character i Example W0001Smt BE85 Table 38 Structure of commands and answers Identifier The following identifiers are available A is returned from the receiving device Identifier Description W Request or write command with receiving confirmation S Request command without receiving confirmation R Read command A Answer receiving confirmation Table 39 Identifier 77 Commands The following commands can be used with the radar sensor Command Description mt Triggering of a complete measurement pt Requesting of output strings ddOcv Requesting of single measurement values dd measurement index according to chapter 7 1 XX Reading of a parameter of the sensor menu XX Identifier of the parameter in the sensor menu XX XXXX Setting of a parameter of the sensor menu XX Identifier of the parameter in the sensor menu Xxx new value for the parameter Table 40 List of commands Examples Command Answer Description W0001 mt BE85 A0001 ok mt 4FAQ Triggering of a measurement S0001 pt none Requesting of output strings RO001_010cv EA62 A00010k_010cv874 9 5997 Requesting the water level with 01 R0001B 228E lt A0001B 10 0D03 Re
87. terization of the radar sensor neg Quom oom Setting of language decimal character units and decimal places chapter 6 2 Defining of the trigger for the measurements chapter 6 3 1 Setting and adjusting of the water level measurement chapter 6 3 2 Setting the parameters of the velocity measurement chapter 6 3 3 Transferring of the discharge table chapter 6 4 Defining and setting of the data output chapters 7 and 7 4 Connection of a data logger chapters 7 2 8 7 3 4 and 8 3 3 Specifications 3 1 General General Power supply 6 30 V Reverse voltage protection overvoltage protection Consumption at 12 V Standby approx 1 mA Active measurement approx 140 mA Operating temperature 35 60 C 31 140 F Storage temperature 40 60 C 40 140 F Protection rating IP 67 Lightning protection Integrated protection against indirect lightnings with a discharge capacity of 0 6 kW Ppp Table 1 General specifications 3 2 Velocity measurement Velocity measurement Detectable measurement range 0 10 15 m s depending on the flow conditions Accuracy 0 01 m s 1 96 Resolution 1 mm s Direction recognition Measurement duration 5 240 S Measurement interval 8s 5h Measurement frequency 24 GHz K Band Radar opening angle 12 Distance to water surface 0 50 35 m Vertical inclination
88. the Device Manager Start gt Control Panel gt System and Security gt System gt Device Manager Look for the USB nano 485 under Other Devices and start the installation from there In the dialog you are asked to confirm if you want to search for the most actual driver If you have an open internet connection let Windows search for the driver Otherwise or if the search was not successful select the option to browse for a local driver software Insert the Installation CD and select the CD ROM path In the next window Windows informs you that the driver has no valid signature Accept this circumstance and proceed The installation is performed and the dialog can be closed In the next step the installation is started automatically once again to install the second driver for the COM port USB Serial Port Pleas follow the procedure as before After finishing the installation a new COM port USB Serial Port is available In the Device Manager Start gt Control Panel gt System and Security gt System gt Device Manager you can check or edit the number of the new COM port If you are not sure which COM port belongs to the new converter plug the converter off and on This causes the related COM port to disappear and reappear after the reconnection Memorize or document the number of the COM port fort he further use The installation procedure in finished and has not to be repeated any more for the converter For
89. the measurement site 32 6 5 3 Settings Water levels for the W v relation The range of water level in which the W v relation is learned is defined by the special water levels described in chapter 6 3 2 2 Activation The usage of the W v relation is activated as soon as one of the special water levels WMA WLL or WFS is different from 0 W v priority By default the W v priority is deactivated and the measured velocity and discharge are output in the serial and analog outputs In the serial outputs the learned velocity and learned discharge are output as special values By activation the W v priority the output of the measurement values is switched The learned velocity and discharge are now in the main values and the measured velocity and discharge are in the special values This selection is performed with the menu item H G W v priority Resetting the learned W v relation With the menu items D H W v table reset and I G W v table reset the W v table is deleted and the W v learning starts from scratch This is especially necessary if water levels for the W v relation are changed or the radar sensor is installed at a new measurement site 33 7 Serial data output The radar sensor includes a RS 485 and a SDI 12 interface for data output and communication 7 1 Measurement values The measurement values of the radar sensor are arranged in a fixed sequence Every value is identified with an increasing index
90. ties are considered Measurement spot optimization The measurement spot optimization describes the expected velocity distribution in the measurement spot The irregular the distribution is the wider the spectral band width has to be selected The analysis algorithm for the velocity is optimized for this setting by the radar sensor For the first measurements at a new measurement site the selection standard is recommended Later on the measurement may be optimized by selecting another river type Measurement duration The measurement duration defines the duration of a single measurement During this time the radar signal is recorded and the radar spectrum is calculated Usually measurement durations of 60 s are recommended For very regularly flowing rivers a lower measurement duration can be selected Measurement type The measurement type describes if the measurement is either performed continuously over the complete measurement time or if the measurement time is divided in five parts by systematic time breaks The sequenced method is more representative but the processing is slower By default the selection should be set to continuous Criteria and behavior for invalid measurements Measurements of the velocity can be defined as invalid with the criteria quality SNR and opposite direction content Stop measurements The criteria and the behavior if such invalid measurements occur can be controlled in multiple parameters
91. ties can be measured Unit mm s Value range 0 1500 150 default 60 H K B Maximum velocity The maximum velocity defines the maximum expected velocity The velocity measurement is optimized for this setting Usually a value of 5000 mm s 5 m s is sufficient No security has to be accounted for as it is automatically included in the radar sensor Unit mm s Value range 2500 30000 5000 default H K C Spectral trap veloc Rise The radar sensor has the possibility to save spectra of special events The output of these spectra can be requested The parameter defines the velocity increase between to measurements from that on the spectra are saved Unit mm s Value range 16 30000 200 default H K D Meas spot optimization a b E c Pj ti Ra 30 tro 20 Is o 150 30 4 hr d Figure 41 Measurement spot optimization a very constant veloc b standard b bank area d splash water The parameter describes the expected velocity distribution in the measurement spot The irregular the distribution is the wider the spectral band width has to be selected The analysis algorithm for the velocity is optimized for this setting by the radar sensor For the first measurements at a new measurement site the selection standard is recommended Later on the measurement may be optimized by s
92. tings The communication settings by factory default are listed below and have to be set for the COM port on the first connection Baud rate 9600 Data bits 8 Parity none Stop bits 1 Flow control none Table 9 Default connection settings 6 1 3 Communication The communication with the sensor is performed either with a terminal program using the sensor menu or with the PC software RQCommander with automatic communication using sensor commands 6 1 3 1 Terminal program and sensor menu The communication with a radar sensor can be performed with any terminal program For example the HyperTerminal can be used that is included by default in Microsoft Windows Start gt Programs gt Accessories gt Communications gt HyperTerminal In the software RQCommander a terminal program is included too In a first step the COM port has to be selected and the connection settings have to be set in the terminal program 24 v5 New Connection Hyperterminal anu ejm Sm File Edit View Call Transfer Help aes o ome on Eigenschaften von New Connection eax Connect To Settings hr New Connection Change Icon region Vereinigtes Koniareich 44 X 1 l 2 Country g g s IN Eris th area code withourthe long di Eigenschaften von COM4 i s Anschlusseinstellungen Connect using co M4 Bits pro Sekunde 9600 X 2 i i Datenbits a v cf mi Disc
93. tion area The cross section area A W as a function of the water level is calculated from the cross section profile Software for this procedure is for example the software RQCommander Modelling of Sommer GmbH 4 3 4 Calculation In the radar sensors the cross section area and the k factors are deposited in a discharge table This discharge table is the base for the discharge calculation using linear interpolation Discharge Q Cross section profile Water level W k factors k W Cross section area A W Mean velocity Vm Local velocity Vi sl Measurement E Calibration Calculation Figure 7 Calculation scheme for the discharge 14 5 Measurement site 5 1 Selection and evaluation The selection of a suitable measurement site for the radar sensor is crucial for the reliability and the accuracy of the measurement results Requirements related to the hydraulic situation and the mounting of the sensor have to be fulfilled 5 1 1 Hydraulic requirements Velocity distribution in the cross section In general the velocity distribution at the measurement site must not be changed by time variable influences like fluctuating inflows and regulated weirs Therefore a minimal distance to such influences of the fivefold to tenfold of the river width upstream and downstream of the measurement site is recommended Avoiding of stationary waves In the viewing range of the radar senso
94. tnde settore Se ae ees 43 FAs MODDIUS c cto ada te a a Ed LM LM p LA abe eae ua og 44 7 4 1 Output protocol Type MOQODUS ni ne ertet eer eie erre este 44 7 4 2 Modbus default settings red ete n cen tac ed ee lb dues teas adn ede od 44 7 4 3 Modbus device address e tette sc uen EORR D re de reg e ecu o eu Ed 44 7 4 4 Connection to a MOGODLS i rere Pratt Rd Rt cae rideau tud Mte HR MN redi eus 44 9 Analog data output initam teer aile ie cin ca eese ia ele cede 45 God arie gariio Ui MU RE 45 por salus c ME dM M A LM EL I LR LAE 46 8 3 Connection of a data lod el cte alate en bite Eat CH e AER cen RE RUN CURAR a 46 8 4 simulate GUrfert oll seo ee eter tine eoe voe deae ir koe scene d von eden eor no ieee omnea 46 9 Description of the parameter eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeen nennen annee nnn nnnn nnn anna annee nnne nenna 47 JU unl qum 74 10 1 Measurement valliGs oe tiet pee b Re n o e Kick e e ee 74 10 1 1 Special values and error values eeesssseeeeeeeeeeenne nnne nnn 74 19 1 2 Quality VANS 2 arts ct a Actes duce hM do La nets duas e ur 74 10 2 HAS ASS WMC ACC cdi ee pne be Ee dnte m eot cari t p Ett e tUm Ent iate tue rete LU Mera 75 10 231 Protocols va ian e aE a a n Coca gece EE EE r EEES 75 10 2 2 OMANI SANSA SWE 1S re oae ie rp EMO S Seded eic dose amd ceases beatae demads 77 10 2 3 Error CodeS orb qo eq edu eee aqu Resp Mete n er elg tirer od
95. tocol string M_0001 17 3 6458 0 679 35 93 0 00 99999 98 0 679 0 00 46 15 13 Table 20 Example of protocol string with measurement values in Standard protocol M_0001 Header with identifier for measurement values 38 17 3 AUX 6458 Water level 0 679 Velocity 35 93 Quality SNR see appendix 10 1 2 0 00 Discharge 99999 98 Cross section area 0 679 learned velocity 0 00 learned discharge 46 Opposite direction content T5 3 Supply voltage Table 21 Measurement values in Standard protocol Analysis values The measurement values are output with the identifier Z Protocol string Z 0001 664 239 61 91 11075 47 O0 200 9999998 9999998 9999998 Table 22 Example of protocol string with analysis values in Standard protocol Z 0001 Header with identifier for analysis values 664 Peak width mm s 239 CSR 96 61 Area of the peak 91 RMS at the PIC 11075 Amplification 47 Amplification relation 0 Signal relation 200 Error code 9999998 not used 9999998 not used 9999998 not used Table 23 Analysis values in Standard protocol 7 2 6 3 Modbus The measurement values can be read out via the Modbus protocol by a Modbus master see description in chapter 7 4 The positions of the measured and learned velocity and discharge can be switched with the menu item H G W v priority 39 7 2
96. vel The flow stop level is the water level down to that the velocities are linear extrapolated from the low level border The velocity at the flow stop level is always 0 29 6 3 3 Velocity measurement 6 3 3 1 Settings The measurement of the velocity depends on the mounting position of the radar sensor and the flow conditions at the site Therefor specific settings have to be defined to describe the local situation at the measurement site All the settings are located in the menus E Velocity v and H K Tech velocity v Viewing direction The viewing direction describes the orientation of the radar sensor in relation to the flowing direction of the river Either the radar sensor is mounted against the flow direction looking upstream or it is installed in flow direction looking downstream Possible flow direction Due to the direction separation see chapter 4 2 3 the radar sensor can identify the flow direction Therefore it has to be defined if the river only flows in one direction or if two flow directions can occur as for example under tidal influences Maximal and minimal velocity The maximum velocity defines the maximum expected velocity The velocity measurement is optimized for this setting Usually a value of 5 m s is sufficient For this value no security has to be accounted for as the radar sensor already includes one The minimal velocity defines the minimal velocity for the determination No lower veloci
97. velocity measurement at a measurement site see chapter 6 3 3 3 With this command the radar sensor is set into the inspection mode This means that the radar accuracy with the calibration box is checked The radar sensor has to possibility to save spectra of special events This command outputs these spectra One output includes four spectra Index Spectrum Description 1 Stop Spectrum of the last invalid measurement caused by a Stop event 2 Reference Spectrum of the measurement directly prior to the last event with the velocity increase according to menu item H K C Spectral trap 72 veloc rise 3 Trap Spectrum of the measurement of the last event with the velocity increase according to menu item H K C Spectral trap veloc rise 4 Normal Actual spectrum Table 28 Spectra in the spectral trap results All parameters of the radar sensor are output sequentially as text Displays information about the sensor version and status The learned W v table is output as a table The learned W v table is complete deleted and is generated new All parameters are set to the default values predefined by the manufacturer In a temporary mode all default values are loaded The settings cannot be edited but they can be checked The temporary mode is terminated when closing the main menu The sensor is restarted The procedure is equivalent to switching the supply off and o
98. y and are used for the calculation of the mean value Value range 2 120 Number of values for the calculation of the mean value Special function 1 default No mean value is calculated A measurement at the input AUX is performed and the measurement result is displayed A procedure to adjust the measurement value is started First a measurement is performed and displayed Afterwards a target value is set and confirmed The measurement is then adjusted to exactly measure the target value 48 In the menu the parameter concerning the water level measurement at the measurement site are listed The water level measurement itself is parameterized in the submenu H J Tech level W Level W A Mean value no of values 1 B Test C Adjustment D WRQ RQ 30 fixation level 3351 cm E WMA maximum level 0 cm F WLL low level border 0 cm G WES flow stop level 0 cm H W v table reset Figure 33 Menu Level W The menu items from E to H are related to the W v relation see chapter 6 5 If all these values are set to 0 no W v relation is calculated A mean value in the form of a moving average can be calculated for the water level The number of values defines how many measurement values are kept in the memory and are used for the calculation of the mean value Value range 2 120 Number of values for the calculation of the mean value Special function 1 d
99. y evaluate the corresponding velocity distributions 4 2 4 Inclination angle measurement As the radar sensor is directed in a specific angle to the water surface an angle correction has to be applied The radar sensor internally measures its vertical inclination and uses this value for the automatically angle correction 4 2 5 Conditions of the water surface The water surface has to move observably and a minimum roughness has to be present to measure an interpretable Doppler frequency The more rippled the water surface and the higher the flow velocity is the more reliable the measurement results are The minimum ripple height for a valid analysis is about 3 mm depending on the used frequency For very slow moving rivers this requirement must not be fulfilled and a continuous velocity measurement cannot be guaranteed 4 3 Determination of the discharge 4 3 1 Base equation The discharge Q is the volume of water V flowing through a cross section of a river per time unit t Therefore the dimension is m3 s l s or ft s _ V l By using the continuity equation the equation can be transformed in the base equation of the discharge measurement Q A Um A is the wetted cross sectional area and Vm is the mean flow velocity 13 The radar sensor measures the local velocity v at the water surface and not the mean velocity Vm Therefore a dimensionless correction factor k has to be implemented to recalculate the local velocity into th

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