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1. Tempo table related keyS cesta aie euat none 16 l Jnstr mentparametersSs em ae eingrevnsa E wo land sweats 17 1 1 Main instrument settings 0 edcctecah vcnastavtcx sahstn deeganeaattvavieedetexexiasaets 17 1 2 Waveform arpeggio detune table 17 E E E TE E RRO 18 1 3 Pulsewidth program table tanusadladasevedentivievasdedoed uatanaens 18 1 4 Filter program table tals och al sale hc dade uaVon occa yeusiotauce geese sNeasedeietesuras tien 18 SRR ee ae ae es DE Rea 18 2 attET D i TE EA od sea sie ptt ont T a uci A E T ences eal A i aieon elaine 19 2 1 Noete column effeets 0 creed n a a a 19 2 2 Instrument column effects 4 2654s dosecddaghavsbaayeadelcapabiassavageasapiaestaaeevaiasbiestat 19 2 3 Effect column SMALE effects 19 2 4 Effectcolumn BIG OICCtS asses cx sath mae crsncqe tech kiiigs e isa 20 3 Orderlist E ffeete da te astelawplanqeu anal deat ysatacde ester ona cuaene em erred 21 0 Overview of menu and file browser ted sieldostes sas dnsgeatt otadseeaierdnarseaensecdeeieten 22 22 1 Load Save Tune workfile or Instrument 23 2 Initialize Clear Wipe Tune or Instrument acon ncasceteceoneaacetesvaseecadevsssestaastunngiasitses 23 3 SID Maker SID Wizard s Packer Relocator Exporter 24 rc eae cle EAE ARE kel aly A ahaa ee late EREET eee va tae 25 4 SWM COnVerter i EN oh sysa I e EaR SEa ER EVE KEES 25 5 Application note to the player routine to embed in programs 26 Closi
2. Ist C64 PRG format without modifying relocation address If you set relocation address for PRG or SID format the exporter will switch to compatible SAVE mode automatically in case of error but that will involve the exported tune s load address to be forced to the default 1000 or 0F82 in case of SID however the code itself gets relocated If this is the case you should load the relocated tune manually by forcing the desired load address when you include the PRG in a program In case of SID you might delete the 2 byte load address with a hex editor to make the SID compatible 24 4 SWM converter I created a PC Win Linux executable for the bundle that can convert SWM format to from XM or MID format in command line A GUI frontend is planned for the future now you have to type the names of the input output module files by hand The usage and syntax is easy and described by SWMconvert executable if you run it without command line parameters or with help parameter Good to have it in system directory Note that there are some effects that cannot be transferred between the different formats e g XM doesn t support tempo programs or different pattern lengths and SWM can t contain more than 3 channels Only channels tracks 1 3 of XM or MID are converted to the SWM at this time so you should edit the XM MID file beforehand These 3 track should even be monophonic for better conversion because only some notes of po
3. build seems to have up arrow key associated to Page Down while the default would be Del key which is good because therefore in Linux the Page Down up arrow is in correct place below Page Up which is associated to Restore C64 key In Linux the Del key works as Backspace which is better selection IMO Note that in follow play modes the pattern editor keys are inactive to prevent accidental editing while playing the tune 13 2 2 Pattern editor related keys emulator CONTROL or Shift TAB or ShifttTAB Navigation Cycle through tracks forwards backwards OR ee eee RETURN instrument under cursor Lower octave white piano keys C major diatonic colon dot colon dot scale whole tones Legato at jamming is possible scale whole tones 5 6 7 9 0 5 6 7 9 0 halftones Edit Jam Select octave 1 8 where editing or jamming KA T position without moving the rest 1 9 A F hexa keys 1 9 A F hexa keys Editing In instrument effect columns type value in note i Delete insert in cursor position or increase DEL Insert decrease pattern size in pattern end position C DEL Control Delete Editing Delete instrument and effect columns in actual C Shift DEL Control Shift Del Editing Delete the entire pattern row note and instrument eve eed en Transpose notes up down by half notes in actual pattern after cursor position pattern after cursor position R column at actual cur
4. effective e Jump to other subtune command in orderlists sequences Tune can be written in subtune chunks then be put together e All instruments have independent tables and names no need for table pointers instruments can be loaded saved independently All instruments have own Hard restart ADSR Hard restart timing and st waveform sexy restart settings Per row based detuning and keyboard tracking in arpeggio pulsewidth filter instrument tables easier to do flexible lively sounds o Up to 8x 400Hz multi framespeed not affecting speed values and tempo idea taken from X SID multispeed calls eat less rastertime than single speed call e Advanced partial copy paste and auto advance amount page up page down in patterns fast navigation and editing Independent track tempos funktempos tempo programs and scrolling is possible like Goattracker e 4 vibrato types to simulate impression expressions of various instruments like violin guitar or Rob Hubbard Jeroen Tel tunes 3 4 simultaneous pattern effects are possible at the same pattern row in instrument and even in note column there can be some effects o Calculated vibrato and slide portamento speed to achieve evenly audible vibrato amplitudes through octaves arpeggio and vibrato can be mixed to a degree depending on arpeggio speed Oscilloscope and Pulsewidth Cutoff frequency displayer bars to keep track of the sound variations and waveforms visually G
5. overview As it is common to trackers this tool is based on character matrix mode with some tiny graphical parts That means you cannot use mouse or sliders knobs but you have to input almost every data by hexadecimal numbers 0 9 A F and navigating between windows panels using your keyboard Let s see an example screenshot how the user interface looks like EILEN iD RI Jo 8 oot Fal 000i 00 0 ME ARP O Tenli t DH ut We ll be a bit redundant by telling the keyboard shortcut a bit more verbosely in this section than later in some tables the keyboard controls will be summarized again 1 1 Displays At the very top in the upper border there is an informative part of the interface Here you can see from left to right the logo the number and size of selected patterns framespeed jamming octave autoadvance mode amount playback time pulsewidths filter frequency s meters oscilloscope etc 1 2 Pattern editor window The largest part of the screen is occupied by the pattern editor window where you can see and edit patterns corresponding to the 3 tracks channels that the SID routine can play Each track has 4 columns First column is for the notes pitch control and note on note off plus several other effects Second column s main function is to select instruments or legato or to contain some small pattern effects either The 3rd and 4th columns are explicitly designed for pattern effects but the 4th column is
6. selected patterns from cursor position Shift 1 2 3 Shift 1 2 3 Playback Toggle Mute Solo on channels 1 3 Shift A Z Shift A Z Setting Increase Decrease auto advance stepping amount after typing notes ift D ift Setting Toggle monophonic legato or polyphonic dovetailing jamming mode Setting Decrease increase framespeed 1x singlespeed 8x multispeed Decrease increase step highlighting aid frequency in pattern editor window Shift B Setting Toggle pattern track binding on off Patterns ce scroll together independently Control T Setting Toggle global normal tempo funktempo mode for subtune colon dot Shift colon dot Setting Increase decrease global normal tempo 2nd t OT Shift or funktempo for subtune C colon dot Control colon dot Selection Select subtune Orderlist Patterns are shared ee RY TPS between a MINUS MINUS Shift T Y Shift T Y Selection Select decrease increase number of tempo ee ee ee Shift K L Shift K L Select decrease increase number of Chord to edit SPACE SPACE Editing Toggle Keyboard note jamming or note editing in pattern editor window Shift N Shift N Editing Rename selected instrument Max 8 characters Esc Stop aborts the renaming DEL Pound or Shift Delete Backspace or Editing Delete insert in cursor position or increase DEL Insert decrease pattern table size in end positions In Linux the VICE
7. tracks DEL Pound or Shift Delete Backspace or Editing Delete insert in cursor position or increase decrease DEL Insert Orderlist sequence size in sequence end loop position 2 4 Instrument editor related keys Keys on C64 US int Keys in VICE Category Functions of pressed keys emulator CONTROL or Shift TAB or Shift TAB Navigation Cycle through main instrument setting CONTROL panel and instrument tables RETURN or Shift RETURN Enter or ShifttEnter Navigation Car return to beginning of next row in tables or toggle cycle some main instrument parameters Selection Select actual instrument The same in pattern orderlist instrument windows Shift is needed in other windows Selection Toggle cycle some of the instrument s main parameters like HR type Vibrato type octave shift sign 1 9 A F hexa keys and F Z 1 9 A F hexa keys Editing To type hexa values into instrument data fields or type the name of the instrument some signals allowed too Shift N Shift N Editing Rename selected instrument Max 8 characters Esc Stop aborts the renaming DEL Pound or Shift DEL Delete Backspace or Editing Delete insert in cursor position Increases Insert decreases table size C Control C Editing Copy the selected instrument entirely to instrument buffer clipboard C C V Control V Editing Paste instrument clipboard content to the selected instrument The entire instrument ie will b
8. waveform swith X X Pulsewidth rer enn ESTs Note off table pointers XY OX Subtune jumping orderlist FX Saving Restoring zeropage Filter Pulsewidth WF program slides never skipped filt ex FX Ghost reg Tempo 0 2 full support vibrato returns after portamento delay note track es 2 2 Planned and desired features You might check TODO txt file in the source folder And don t forget it s open source tracker you might even take a part in the development 3 A little about SID and sound synthesis This part is intended for readers of the manual who are new to sound synthesis Others can jump this whole part over 3 1 Principle of sound synthesis There are basically two types of analog frequency synthesis Additive and Subtractive Additive synthesis tries to simulate the sound of instruments by adding a limited number of harmonics to the base frequency of a musical note Subtractive method is based upon oscillators which can generate some kinds of waveforms sinus triangle sawtooth pulse square noise etc with inherently rich spectral harmonic content and they can be mixed and filtered to be shaped to a desired timbre We can alter many other parameters of the sound the most important is to control its volume envelope in order to be able to model live instruments to a degree Possibilities are endless compared to sample based synthesis only the constraints of hardware and software l
9. Accumulator as usual with other routines too The single speed playing address is the init address plus 3 e g 1003 The multi speed playing is done in the same way as XSID s not as Goattracker s so the multi speed routine s calls are to be performed at init address plus 6 e g 1006 beside the single speed routine on different rasterlines of course To change volume put the desired volume 0 F into the Accumulator and call volume setter routine at init address plus 9 e g 1009 V The HerMIDI interface a MIDI input hardware extension If you want to control SID Wizard with a MIDI keyboard or controller here s my approach to the solution unfortunately not finalized yet I m developing a MIDI interface for the C64 which can easily be built by anyone who wan t a fast and cheap reproducible solution Yes I have a MSSIAH but it s interface isn t open source and cannot be used by other programs afaik You don t have to worry about hard to find parts like Userport connector and don t even have to occupy the Expansion port HerMIDI is to be connected to Serial port at the back of the C64 or 1541 drive in daisy chain and behaves similarly to a usual drive When C64 or other IEC Serial compatible product calls device 15 with TALK command HerMIDI knows it s time to serve the C64 with MIDI data coming from its input and its LED lights up as a sign it s ready for C64 s requests C64 can request data any
10. D400 D41F area from music routine Additional SID chips can be routed inside D420 D800 area by external chip selector circuitry though it s not a standard and widespread solution Register R W Function Remarks address D400 D407 ee erent frequency table built into SID D40E low byte picthes are controlled by code sade pe S O D40F high byte D402 D409 aa Channel 1 3 square waveform pulse D410 width low byte pulse waveform to sound fine D403 D40A W Channel 1 3 square waveform soani puseve D404 D40B W Channel 1 3 Waveform and sound There are triangle sawtooth square spana omenitoes rane and combine wate 0 e D413 Attack Decay nibbles SD emit D414 Sustain Release nibbles MT significant 3 bits D416 Filter cutoff frequency most ni N this control is common eer D417 Filter resonance amount and channel Resonance is common but filter switch nibbles filter switches are present for each channel D418 W Filter band mode and Main Volume High pass Band pass Low pass filter soo R aqeaaeexe SSCS sbara R Paddle PometerY vane D41B R Channel 3 oscillator output Geir Tjelta has an echo generator routine that utilizes this feature afaik D41C Channel 3 envelope generator output Used beside D41B in SID Wizard to the Oscilloscope SD41D powa SSCS SDATE eS a mr oe ll ll Usage of SID Wizard 1 User interface 1 0 User interface
11. SID Wizard 1 0 User Manual by Hermit Mihaly Horvath Contents 1 Wh tis SLD WIZ ar das mi i ee E 3 2 Features OF SID Wi ard o dd a ad A ATA EESK SEAE SEAE EEEa CA RTEA 3 2 1 Significant implemented featureS cases 3 2 2 Planned and desired featuTeS 4 ald tLe a a Lat lade it ed oe AE A A gd ca eae tad 4 3 A little about SID and sound synthesis enlessansinceady cutscenes year een aeanea teks 5 3 1 Principle of sound synthesis gaint deastsaseterts os 5 3 2 Overview of structure and sound generation of SID 5 soe ed en i TR 6 3 3 Registers Of SUD os rm ca ee a AT 7 Tes User nterface een i a ee 8 1 0 User interlace OV CIVIC Wire iise de a E A 8 tA Displaye tlle tle cent aca este laleh a Sen ea Rt cai adel Jos 8 1 2 Pattern editor WIndOW fotusacasioeeachondesansanigeoniesestiuatentscenidesueowne 8 Tess OPC TSG ae A ab rattan neh ae ae cuts a ag 9 1 4 Instrument editor WindoW 9 LS COT ta DIG chases toca ania n trae E E E A E aE 10 1 6 Tempo program table duct tayasacsaenetant edrcaareaies 10 Chess ai ve ee evs axa te Mag Sate esta aa Cad Sas Yasha i N hone data HAG AA AE ING ooh ond SEARO 10 2 Keyboard layout and usage sumMmary asd sve de ssbadetuptsnsaciares daahdaeredassaeleceatanvinia 11 a ta Seren ude gous Satay aly ANOS tap Ba GR AGAR Aa OA EO 11 2 1 General purpose and globally usable keyS 12 2 2 Pattern editor related KeyS 13 2 4 Instrument editor related KeyS 15 a el E ee eb 16 2 5 Chord table
12. ally rolls over after the last value there s no need for special jump commands 2 Keyboard layout and usage summary Commodore 64 US keyboard layout US international keyboard layout 3 Bee Bee om GER E CREEERLELEERELEL asas SO TT HE WU HOE EOE EJOO E S ft EU kJL biDODEU VICE emulator C64 mapped US positional keyboard layout BEO EEEE GEEEIELE je 5 5 5 Jo fins fo Jw fo 8 18 tere 2 1 General purpose and globally usable keys Keys on C64 US int Keys in VICE Category Functions of the pressed keys emulator BS TSC dN Go to Pattern editor window SHIRTS Navigation Go to Orderlist C F5____ Gontrol F5 or F Navigation Go to Chord table C Control F7 Go to Tempoprogram table SRT CURSOR down right Cursor up down left Navigation Move the cursor step by step up down left as Navigation Cycle through tracks or instrument tables CONTROL arrow or RESTORE Down Page Up depending on window HOME Home Navigation Move cursor to start position on screen then ee eee absolute start position in table pattern Navigation Car return to beginning of row or go to pattern s or instrument under cursor from start Fl play tune from marker position s F3 or C F3 F3 or Control F3 Playback Play the selected patterns follow play the E a patterns Shift SPACE Shift SPACE Playback Play the
13. ate off event triggered pointers in instrument tables instrument s release phase can be controlled e Basic editor settings are saved into workfile like framespeed auto advance amount etc templates are possible There is concept and separate table for chords that can be called from arpeggio table of instruments or from pattern FX SDI has similar solution in place of instruments No need to create new instruments for each chord e Compression of empty places in note column when saving tune called packed rest in Goattracker s player source code I call them packed NOPs e Save export tune directly in SID format or even in runnable PRG format beside native simple PRG and BIN codes e Export import to from XM MID format with SWMconvert to ease cooperation with x86 applications e MIDI keyboard support monophonic dedicated easy to build interface hardware called HerMIDI There are SID Wizard light medium extra and corresponding SID Maker light medium extra versions too The purpose of lght medium versions is to reduce player code size and rastertime consumption The extra version has some more rastertime consumtion and memory usage but better quality well suited for standalone music releases All versions use the same SWM1 module format Cale winaia Detune Chon able A cave Wrap aoe TT PY PW iterable reset of filter Keyboard rack 1Tbit iter tempo program X x X_ Vibrato iypes Hard restart types Framel 09
14. d note true legato instrument doesn t restart just note pitch changes e 40 4F Waveform reg 4 nibble adjusting any subsequent WF table waveform change overrides it e 50 5F Sustain nibble adjusting of ADSR Small FX e 60 6F Release SID reg 6 nibble adjusting of ADSR Small FX e 70 7F Select Chord overriding the default for the instrument No need to create instrument for every chord Instead create an instrument call chord table with 7f from ARP table then select the chord with this pattern FX 2 3 Effect column SMALL effects Small effects 1st nibble is their type of operation the 2nd nibble is the corresponding effect value amount Small FX numbers 4 7 are identical in function to Big FX numbers of the same range what more the hexa effect numbers are related to SID registers and effect names to support easier memorization e 20 2F Attack nibble adjusting of ADSR Small FX e 30 3F Decay nibble adjusting of ADSR Small FX e 40 4F Waveform reg 4 nibble adjusting any subsequent WF table waveform change overrides it e 50 5F Sustain nibble adjusting of ADSR Small FX e 60 6F Release SID reg 6 nibble adjusting of ADSR Small FX e 70 7F Select Chord overriding the default for the instrument No need to create instrument for every chord Instead create an instrument call a chord with 7f from ARP table then select chord e 80 8F Vibrato Amplitude adjustment The frequency stay
15. d to code a native C64 based editor which should contain everything essential and even some more inventive innovative features More or less I found the way to do so and coupled the different features under common hood to achieve simplicity ease of use despite the amount of new functions Let s see in a nutshell in the next section what can be done with SID Wizard 2 Features of SID Wizard 2 1 Significant implemented features e Around 55 instruments 100 of 256 byte long patterns and 15 of subtunes in total may vary in later SID Wizard versions Optimized rastertime around 18 below 20 and small code size to let more room for musical data editor code and graphics are 12kbyte together player is 2kbyte e Virtually no zeropage usage so the music routine won t interfere with other parts of your program it s called from e 3 x 25 rows pattern editing perspective to keep as much as possible musical data in screen focus o Goattracker like pattern editing concept and keyboard control to ease migration from Goattracker Everything on one screen except menu to ease composition workflow Extensive use of border graphics to display data e Polyphonic jamming mode with dovetailing each played note cycles through voice 1 3 good for sounds with long release o Realtime compression of pattern data zeroes don t appear in memory therefore more memory is left for informative data similar to XM patterndata compression but more
16. delay increment speed the latter in case of increasing vibrato type e Vibrato type can be incremental violin style delayed up down delayed upwards delayed downwards e Instrument table amp chord table execution speed especially useful for multispeed to slow down WF table execution if needed If the value is gt 40 pulsewidth table can be multispeed if gt 80 filtertable can be multispeed for the instrument as well e Default Chord this is linked to the instrument by default but a pattern FX can change the chord as well e Octave shift to incorporate bass and high pitched sounds easier no need to jump between octaves back amp forth 1 2 Waveform arpeggio detune table e WF COLUMN e 00 0F Repeat only arpeggio detune columns for 1 16 frames no Waveform change e 10 FD Simple WAVEFORM CONTROL register value setting e FE Jump toa table position position in 2nd column if gt 40 it jumps to itself e FF End of the table table execution ends here e ARP COLUMN e 00 Zero pitch shifting prime 0 interval regain original note pitch 01 5F Relative pitch shift upwards in halftones positive interval e 7F Jump to default or pattern FX set Chord e 80 No process useful when don t want to touch pitch and detune only waveform 81 DF Set absolute pitch frequencies are identical to C 1 A 8 notes e E0 FF Relative pitch shift downwards in negative direction negative int
17. e tr sas Ov diene Awetern avgitt ute Dan ESTE Messmer 4 5 gt gt waitapw EE eseme Toas Cocdime Wanten asete ussa wee bisssime 1 e i bew enorme whom l rate The chip has only 3 channels polyphony btw Yannes s initial design ideas were far more advanced if he had more time amp chip area there could possibly be as much as 32 channels We have to deal with 3 voices but throughout the years I learned after coding my 9 polyphony 3SID tracker that it is quite enough for a clever musician What s more these limits has an effect on a composer we have to do something really cool in order to keep the listener s interest That s why we love remixing and performing SID tunes with my SIDrip Alliance bandmates There s one limit what I personally consider a real limiting factor there s only one filter to shape the plain waveforms Luckily this filter can be switched on off for all tracks individually Designing the filter usage needs careful planning when composing music especially if a music editor doesn t track filter utilization of the instruments automatically In SID Wizard the filter is handled automatically on tracks only tracks with filtered instruments are filtered and normally the latest filtered instrument controls the filter s cutoff frequency One advantage however is that each channels pulse waveform s duty cycle can be changed smoothly That feature can be utilized to create cool
18. e overwritten C P or C F Toggle pulsewidth table filtertable reset on note start Selecting instrument resets it 15 Shift Space Shift Space Editing Set clear gate off index to current table row under cursor 2 5 Chord table Tempo table related keys emulator RETURN or Shift Enter or Shift Enter Navigation Car return to beginning of next row in tables or ee ee eee toggle cycle some main instrument parameters 4 Select actual chord tempo program Shift K L or Shift T Y is needed in other windows Shift PLUS or Shift Shift PLUS or Shift Selection Select actual instrument for jamming editing emaus MN numbers into chordtable tempoprogram table DEL Pound or Shift Delete Backspace or Editing Delete insert in cursor position Increases ME rr es 10 lll A guide to hexa parameter values 1 Instrument parameters 1 1 Main instrument settings e ADSR Attack Decay Sustain Release envelope generator values e ADHR The ADSR value for hard restart get loaded to ADSR registers 1 2 frames before a new note is triggered e Ist frame If switched on a sexy start is performed on frame 1 of instrument Test bit and gate is set e Hard restart timer 0 2 the amount of frames for hard restart before note triggering e Hard restart type If Gate bit is also to be reset at hard restart Adds 1 2 frames of gap between consequent notes e Vibrato amplitude frequency and
19. effects by sweeping it with slow fast pace This feature is missing in many VSTi and Synthesizer modules The SID is not a perfect device when it comes to timing ADSR envelope sometimes stucks and fails to deliver exact volume envelope or to generate the sound at all There s a workaround to this that s called hard restart It can stabilize SID s response to fast paced ADSR note triggering sequences by resetting some registers 1 2 frames 20 40ms before a sound actually starts gate on I don t want to repeat the whole specification chart of SID 6581 so if further deeper info is needed don t be afraid checking it out online A good information summary is http en wikipedia org wiki MOS_ Technology SID and http noname c64 org csdb release id 57722 For the sake of a quasi completeness in the next subsection next page we ll collect the controllable options registers of SID Most of the time it s needed for coders but the knowledge can be handy for musicians too sometimes to tweak things a bit more consciously in the editor 3 3 Registers of SID The SID chip can be controlled through its registers there are virtually 32 of them most of them are write only some of them are read only some are not existing physically The model how the computer program controls SID is called memory mapped I O The chip by default is routed to D400 54272 memory area by a PLA in C64 therefore the registers can be written by storing bytes to
20. eginning F3 UP arrow F3 or Page Down Page down in directory if bigger than one Control TAB Cycle between filename typer authorinfo typer filename selector fields Author info is od only editable when saving tune Cursor Up Down Left Cursor Up Down Left Obviously navigating cursor in typer file Return Enter Perform disk operation or leave author info editor You ll notified if problems occur file performing any file operation The SWM format is an optimized compressed own format of SID Wizard not compatible with any other systems But must stay compatible through further SID Wizard versions It contains SWM1 filetype amp version string to notify editor if its version mismatches The SWI format is a copy of one selected instrument without the empty unused spaces 2 Initialize Clear Wipe Tune or Instrument You can clear initialize subtunes patterns tempos or instruments chords independently from two different menupoints Before clearing tune you might have to use keys on default pattern length menupoint to give direction for SID Wizard what pattern length to use by default when initializing the tune The default pattern length will be saved as information in the SWM workfile so when you load the tune back later the empty patterns will automatically be sized to that value but size can be set afterwards as well 23 3 SID Maker SID Wizard s Packer Relocator Exporter This is a separa
21. equency high byte at 38 e 00 7F xx Case 2 repeat adding subtracting signed XX on every frame 0 127 times the sweep utilizes full 11bit of the filter cutoff frequency register in SID FE Jump to a position in the table position in 2nd column can jump to itself FF End of the table table execution ends here e The 3rd column is Keyboard Tracking strength of cutoff frequency The cutoff frequency gets pitch dependent with this setting This effect works in the same way as in pulsewidth table and produces more lively sounds which can open in timbre resonate always near the frequency of the musical tone thus giving impression of live instruments 18 2 Pattern Effects 2 1 Note column effects Note column can hold some pitch gating related effects these are displayed graphically in note column and can be placed into the pattern by keyboard combinations described before Almost all of them are simple switches Sync ON OFF Ring modulation ON OFF tone portamento ON except vibrato which can have a one nibble 0 F amplitude value 2 2 Instrument column effects Instrument column can hold some Small effects where the 1st nibble is the effect type the 2nd nibble is the corresponding value 0 15 These Small FX numbers are almost identical to Small FX and Big FX numbers of effect column and as such can be remembered easier e 01 3E Select an instrument for the actual note which stays selected until new comes e 3F Tie
22. erval e DETUNE COLUMN 00 FF Set fine detuning amount 17 1 3 Pulsewidth program table e 8x Fx xx set square wave Pulsewidth hi nibble and low byte e 00 7F xx 0 127 times adding subtracting signed xx value 0 7F 80 ff e FE Jump to a position in the table position in 2nd column can jump to itself e FF End of the table table execution ends here e The 3rd last column sets Keyboard tracking KT That technique is known in Korg synthesizers MS20 707 etc and makes the pulsewidth dependent on note pitch The sounds get more lively and varying by this setting The bigger the value the bigger the difference in timbre of adjacent note pitches is 1 4 Filter program table Filter switch for channels SID has only one filter common for the 3 tracks Every channel gets filtered whose instrument has something in its filter table s 1st row when the note starts The instrument which has 00 there is only filtered but doesn t control the filter while if there s nonzero in the 1st row the instrument controls the filter band resonance and cutoff frequency Always the latest instrument takes over the control over the common filter band resonance frequency like with polyphonic jamming in JCH s editor e 8r Fr xx Case 1 Set filter parameters on bit6 4 Filter band bit3 0 nibble 2 Resonance XX Cutoff frequency hi byte for example 9F 38 means setting low pass filter with F 15 resonance and cutoff fr
23. fferent menupoints 22 1 Load Save Tune workfile or Instrument If you select Save or Load options they ll invoke the PC like file dialog where you can type desired filename directly or select and further edit it from the disk directory When you want to load or save instrument make sure the instrument subject of load save operation was selected in the editor menu beforehand with keys Disk drive 8 11 can be selected cycled with Return Enter key in the select drive menupoint beforehand When disk directory is read filenames are filtered and distributed in 3 columns and you can observe diskname and free disk space in kbytes at the bottom of the screen Note that only 12 character long filenames are allowed That is due to the automatically attached SWM or SWI extension M stands for module T stands for instrument which SID Wizard uses to filt the filenames when displaying the disk directory The default disk drive could be selected in advance from Menu device 8 11 alias hexa 8 9 A B In the upper right corner of the file dialog you can see the editor s version number if you want to load a newer other module version possibly coming in the future you ll be warned because the module s format version should always match the editor s or exporter s version You can use these keys in file dialog Keys on C64 US int Keys in VICE Functions of pressed keys emulator Re read disk directory go to its b
24. g ideas Unreal Csaba K meri who designed graphics of the box Soci Zsolt Kajtar who brought the project to Sourceforge svn and made some coding Antl for writing a good tutorial http chipmusic org forums topic 8 104 c64 music for dummies c64 tutorial Dora K r si for correcting my here and there grammar issues And all the other people who reported issues and gave ideas at CSDB Mihaly Horvath alias Hermit Hungary 2012 AD hermit hermit netne net http hermit netne net 27
25. imit the number of variations a little bit I m not going to tell more about the sound synthesis at this point many readings can be found over the cyberspace 3 2 Overview of structure and sound generation of SID The MOS technology SID 6581 or 8580 sound chip in C64 is a subtractive sound synthesis chip designed by Bob Yannes in 1982 It is one of the most important reasons of the C64 s popularity There are many differences between different revisions and types of SID chips produced over the years maybe due to the shortened development time and the specification of the chip was somewhat unfinished The most significant change improvement has appeared in the 8580 new SID model over the original 6581 SID but many consider the 6581 better 8580 has more balanced filter cutoff frequency control curve and less distorted resonance better mixed waveform support and maybe more predictable ADSR envelope handling It s still a mystery in some aspects what the chip exactly does inside however there were thorough reverse engineering projects recently both in software and hardware emulation areas e g Resid dll 1541 Ultimate VHDL code for SID Even Bob Yannes himself doesn t keep tracking of the long lifetime of SID and what people make for it Let s see a block diagram of SID on next page for better understanding of its structure and behaviour seeddssss oe con Covre one Ondine Aneren arpit woe assw t tetera Bwvetape vese wet t
26. int of using chords is to reduce the number redundancy of creating more instruments of the same type just because we want them to sound as different chords on a channel Press C FS anytime to get to Chordtable The usage is very simple you can select a chord with keys here or Shift K L keys anywhere In the column you type the hexadecimal 2 s complement relative pitches counted in halftones in the order you want them to roll over time Insert Delete keys over 7F or 7E can expand shrink size complexity of the chord 7F means looping the chord over 7E means returning to the arpeggio table the chord was called from and continuing waveform arpeggio table execution with its next row 1 6 Tempo program table The table in the bottom right corner shows the selected tempo program For extreme pattern timing swing funktempo you can describe complex tempo programs here If the tempo program is selected later from pattern FX all of its rows correspond to the timing of consequent rows of the pattern the tempo program is applied to Usually we don t need complex tempo programs just funktempo but it might be useful for frequently appearing special rhythms Press C F7 Control F7 anytime to get to Tempo program table To select a tempo program you can press Shift T Y anytime or in tempo program table Editing is similar to that of chord table except there are no numbers allowed more than 80 hexa value The tempo program automatic
27. le position 0B Branch to Filter program table index for the actual instrument 0C Chord speed adjustment arpeggio speed in case of explicit arpeggio 0D Detune actual note with given amount 0E Simple pulsewidth setting for pulse waveform instr PW table changes can override it 0F Filter cutoff frequency hi byte shifting adding to filter program A new note resets it 10 Set Main subtune s basic single tempo 11 Set Main subtune s funktempo 1st even rows and 2nd odd rows tempo in left right nibbles 12 Set Main tempo program for whole subtune any speeds can be given for each rows 13 Set Track s individual single tempo 14 Set Track s funktempo even and odd rows in left right nibbles 15 Set Track s individual tempo program 16 1C Kept for later expansions 1D Delay track by 00 ff 20ms frames 1E Delay only the actual note by 00 ff frames Protection needed to avoid too large 1F Extra Filt external source bit on off in SID on by default to reduce SID noise 20 3 Orderlist Effects 00 7F The values kept for normal pattern numbers in the orderlist 80 8F Transpose key down e g 8f half note down 8e whole note down 90 Switch off transposing set original key 91 9F Transpose key up e g 91 half note up 92 whole note up A0 AF Set main volume 0 f B0 FD Set track tempo on the corresponding track 00 5d FE FF are rese
28. low where you are in the timeline of your music To get to Orderlist press F6 Shift F5 key anytime The navigation keys are obvious here individual track sequence lengths can be increased decreased by pressing Insert Delete keys on the last FF or FE values Pressing Return Enter over a pattern number in Orderlist will lead you back to pattern editor window and selects the pattern for corresponding track Pressing Shift Return will change all the 3 patterns corresponding to the current Orderlist cursor position Pressing C Return selects the patterns that are played at the moment useful with different track speeds or lengths Value FE means the end of playback for the given track FF jumps back to a position in pattern sequence given by the number following it As value 00 is reserved for no process you can t use pattern 00 the lowest pattern value is 01 Be aware that these are hexadecimal numbers so for example after 09 not 10 but 0A comes There are some effects that can be controlled from Orderlist like transposing the musical key or changing volume tempo 1 4 Instrument editor window The right quarter of the screen is the instrument editor panel All the parameters of the selected instrument can be seen here You can select an instrument by Shift Plus Minus keys At the top the instrument s number and name can be seen and edited below it the main parameters can be edited either by hexa keys 0 9 F or b
29. lyphonic tracks get converted otherwise On the other hand the SWM chords are expanded to XM MIDI tracks when converted If an XM pattern is too long it will be cropped to the maximum allowable length in SWM MIDI to SWM conversion processes the time signature in MIDI files If the MIDI file doesn t contain the time signature default will be 4 4 The converter tries to reuse as much patterns as possible when there are repeated parts in the MIDI SWM to MIDI conversion handles track based tempo changes even from orderlist The 3 SWM tracks are converted directly to 3 MIDI tracks MIDI format 1 However the instruments are spread in different channels Your MIDI sequencer can possibly separate them e g Muse could do it while SEQ24 handled it as 3 tracks only 25 5 Application note to the player routine to embed in programs The player saves and restores the 2 internally used zeropage bytes by default fe and ff Therefore inclusion is easy in any programs as virtually no zeropage is affected outside the routine The player routine s required maximal rastertime is around 20 raster rows slightly depending on the number of effects and table commands used simultaneously if less than 3 tracks are utilized in the music rastertime usage of the player routine decreases significantly The initializer routine s caller address is the same as the base address load address e g 1000 which requires a subtune number present in
30. ng WOES dn cusses een a ages sts Ss dls Luella ee ed 27 1 Introduction 1 What is SID Wizard Hey folks I m Hermit If you wonder what SID Wizard is I have a short answer yet another tracker application for the famous Commodore 64 personal computer of the eighties More specifically a music editor for its sound chip called SID Sound Interface Device As you may know there is still an evolving culture and technical background behind this machine that s why demo musicians are still welcome to join the scene and compose wonderful SID tunes SID Wizard is an open source project from the very Ist release and everyone is welcome to help in further developments of my extensively commented source code My aim from the beginning was to create a comprehensive native C64 tool for SID music creation as there are so many editors around which are good at some aspects but on the other hand many of them lack very basic features For instance saving loading individual instruments multi speed support detuning jamming keyboard tracking etc However there are several trackers to mention which contain almost all important features and which I got much inspiration from My personal favourites and possibly the most featureful in order of appearance are Goattracker cross platform with emulated SID sound SDI X SID SID Factory JCH Editor DMC Hardtrack Composer I made some comparison charts about these editors and I figured out that I nee
31. only needed when we use the BIG effects and in that case it contains effect value To go to pattern editor window you can press F5 key anytime You can easily navigate between the three tracks by cursor keys and Control keys tab key in Vice emulator and the other obvious keys like Slash Shift Slash Page Up Page Down Home etc If cursor is around an instrument number and you press Return you get to the corresponding instrument s editor panel The length size of the patterns can freely be increased decreased by pressing Insert Delete keys in the last row of the patterns showing the end signal If you change the auto advance amount with Shift A increase or Shift Z decrease the cursor jumps the specified amount of rows after you type a note in note column If you toggle the binding mode by pressing Shift B you can scroll each track pattern independently or otherwise you can move scroll them together as long as they re long enough to be scrolled If you want to mute solo tracks press Shift 1 2 3 accordingly You may check out the keyboard layout section for complete summary of keys in pattern editor window 1 3 Orderlist The very bottom of the screen in the lower border introduces the Orderlist window This is where you can control the whole arrangement of the tune by putting consequent pattern numbers after each other The currently played Orderlist positions of the song appear in inverse It helps you to fol
32. rved to control sequence flow Playbacks stops at FE and loops when reaching FF position If a position number below 80 is written after FF it loops to that given position in actual subtune If a number above 80 is after FF in any tracks the playback jumps to the given that number minus 80 subtune useful for composing music in smaller chunks for e g demo parts Note An Orderlist effect shouldn t be right before a FF loop signal If this happens the loop command will be ignored to prevent freezing that could be caused by jumping rapidly between orderlist FX and looping 21 IV Menu and file operations 0 Overview of menu and file browser You can select SID Wizard Menu by pressing F8 as mentioned in the previous chapters Then you can choose an option with the obvious cursor up down keys then by pressing Return The only exception is the menupoint to select default pattern length where you may use keys to select default pattern length for the tune Some keyboard functions related to playback and instrument selection will still be functional while you can select an action from the menu Pattern playback display won t be refreshed while menu is displayed in front of it The latest used menupoint will be remembered even after file operations or exiting from menu Lae SIF IAF Prt a 2 Sice 3c POF Sicezi FO EC6o Eos FE O BiB AS SD RUT C 702 eT wo Hi PC 60 0 Let s discuss the behaviour of the di
33. s intact e 90 9F Vibrato Frequency adjustment Amplitude stays intact e A0 AF Adjust Main volume low nibble of 4418 e B0 BF Band nibble of filter register LOW MID HI 30FF e C0 CF Chord speed adjustment arpeggio speed in case of explicit arpeggio 19 D0 DF Detune actual note with given amount E0 EF Enable disable Test bit Ring bit Sync bit Gate bit Waveform table can override FO FF Filter resonance strength nibble setting Subsequent filter table command can override it 2 4 Effect column BIG effects Big effects has their effect type in effect column and their 1 byte 0 FF or 7f 80 value is in the last column of a pattern 4 7 effects are identical to Small effect types of the same range to aid human memorization e 01 Pitch Slide UP same FX number as Goattracker s 02 Pitch Slide DOWN same FX number as Goattracker s 03 Tone portamento with given speed same FX number as Goattracker s 04 Waveform Control d404 etc register setting or above f0 goes to WF ARP table position 05 ATTACK DECAY SID register 5 byte adjustment 06 SUSTAIN RELEASE SID register 6 byte adjustment 07 Select Chord overriding the default for the instrument 08 Vibrato Amplitude and Frequency adjustment overrides instrument s default vibrato 09 Select vibrato type possible values 00 10 20 30 0A Adjust Pulsewidth program table index for the actual instrument go to tab
34. sor position Place auto portamento effect into note column at Place sync bit on off effect into note column at S actual cursor position Shift V Shift V Editing Place vibrato effect into note column at actual E eae X Control X Editing Cut delete pattern content from cursor position to end of pattern and copy to pattern buffer C C C Shift C Shift C Editing Limit the range of data copied or cut into buffer to cursor position End of selection to copy C V Control V Editing Paste pattern clipboard content from cursor position till end of pattern 14 F Control C Editing Copy pattern content from cursor position to end of pattern to pattern buffer clipboard 2 3 Orderlist editor related keys Keys on C64 US int Keys in VICE Category Functions of pressed keys eee ie ee eee RETURN or Shift Enter or Shift Enter Navigation Selects the pattern s under the cursor position in oe eee ee Orderlist and jumps to actual track in Pattern editor o jumps to actual track in the Pattern editor Shift SPACE Shift Space Playback Sets Orderlist playstart marker for F2 playing to cursor position for all tracks Position number gets Control SPACE Sets Orderlist playstart markers to individual played position for all tracks Position number of Ist track gets inverted 1 9 A F hexa keys 1 9 A F hexa keys Editing To type hexa pattern numbers and effect jump numbers into Orderlist sequences of
35. te executable application file on the SID Wizard disk because relocation could hardly be achieved to memory areas which SID Wizard editor takes for code I guess this won t be such a big problem considering that this step will possibly be the last step after tune gets ready to be released The device will be which SID Maker was loaded from SID Maker can generate 4 kinds of file outputs at the moment 3 native C64 formats C64 PRG BIN SEQ and runnable EXE PRG and SID SEQ SID format which enables cross platform playback if transferred with a cross platform file copier like Star Commander or Total Commander D64 plugin The PRG and SEQ are standard extensions appended by CBM DOS If you need a SID you have to rename the sid seq extension of the exported tune to sid this might depend on your copier tool If you export SID format and you used a in the author information the SID header will automatically be split in this fashion The content before the will be the author name the content after the will be the tune title Version of modules is checked in SID Maker as well as in SID Wizard SWM module version needs to match SID Maker software version In case you have SAVE ERROR with CBM DOS error code you might not have compatible Disk Drive like 1541 so the exporter cannot write SEQ files If you want a compatible mode anyway you can still perform a standard compatible SAVE process by exporting in the
36. time by pulling DATA line low and HerMIDI puts one byte through the Serial port asynchronously in around 6 8 rastertimes At this time only 1 byte can be sent and this might include a Note Note off or other message like e g instrument selection Later in HerMIDI s building programming manual these messages will be explained in details If you have a fastloader routine that uses ATN line for transfer HerMIDI should be unplugged or switched off to prevent data interferences it receives its 5V power through the MIDI cable The source code for the on board PIC12F509 and the schematics will be included in SID Wizard source directory under HerMIDI folder 26 In advance this is how HerMIDI prototype looked like when built and assembled Closing words The program has been going through extensive testing but it s still possible to get hang ups occasionally if e g there s a problem with an external device like floppy drive or disk If this is the case you can restart SID Wizard safely by resetting the machine and typing SYS2061 launcher BASIC instruction at the C64 prompt I hope You ll enjoy using this music editor and my long term work is useful I advise to use it on real C64 hardware to get true SID sound and reduce air pollution Wish you the best of inspiration and musical ideas Thanks to the people who contributed to the project Necropolo P ter Nagy Miklos and Nata by testing SID Wizard and givin
37. y pressing Return on some switch type parameters To get into instrument panel press F7 key anytime The adjustable parameters include the selected instrument s default ADSR envelope Hard restart ADSR and HardRestart type settings Vibrato type frequency amplitude delay default chord and default arpeggio table speed and octave transpose amount If the arp chord speed value is gt 40 pulsewidth table can be multispeed if gt 80 filtertable can be multispeed for the instrument as well The 3 tables below are Waveform arpeggio table which contains a detuning table too to create fancy choir effects the Pulsewidth program table to control duty cycle pulsewidth of square waveforms over time and the Filter program table to control filter for the selected instrument You can cycle between the main instrument settings and these 3 tables with Control key TAB in Vice emulator Press C F P to disable pulsewidth filter reset In the instrument editor window you can navigate with the usual navigation keys in a standard manner To edit the name of the selected instrument press ShifttN key combination and enter the name then press Return to store or press Escape Stop key to cancel 1 5 Chord table To the right of instrument tables the thin table contains the selected chord s pitch list Chords are essentially arpeggios in SID Wizard but they don t depend on instruments and can be called from for any of the instruments The main po

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