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Musician`s Guide

1. the default for Slider A 93 Effects Depth the default for Slider B The PC88 uses some MIDI Controllers in unique ways to edit effects 83 90 92 and 94 and operate the Arpeggiator 116 119 see Chapters 6 and 7 for more A detailed list of the entire set of MIDI Controller messages appears in Appendix F A number of Controllers can cause trouble if not used carefully such as 0 Bank Select and all of the ones above 119 which include All Sound Off 120 Reset All Controllers 121 etc Be warned Pitch Up 128 on the numeric keypad pitchbend commands of 64 and above This is the default assignment for Wheel 1 Up Pitch Down 129 on the numeric keypad pitchbend commands below 64 going negatively The default for Wheel 1 Down Since Wheel 1 Up and Wheel 1 Down are configured separately you can have all sorts of wild pitchbend combinations going in various directions over the four Zones Pressure the MIDI command 130 Tempo 131 You can use the PC88 to clock an external sequencer and this parameter sets the tempo by determining the speed of outgoing MIDI Clock messages It can also set the tempo of the internal Arpeggiator The range is 20 300 beats per minute Musician s Guide 5 13 Zone Parameters Controllers Scaling The rest of the Controllers which we ll refer to as Special Functions are usually controlled by the PC88 s Switch controllers which we ll get to momentarily Progr
2. General Purpose 3 General Purpose 4 The remainder of the set 20 31 and 52 63 are at present undefined The Switches 64 69 The next set of Controllers was originally reserved for binary switched functions transmitted by momentary con tact or locking pedals and could have one of only two values 0 off or 127 on The MIDI Spec says a receiver is supposed to consider any values between 0 and 63 to be off and values 64 and up to be on although some older receivers interpret any value above 0 as on These Controllers are still used as switches for the most part but some manufacturers use them as full value 0 127 Controllers F 2 PC88 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification Decimal Hex Name Applications and notes Sustain Also known as Damper or Hold 1 Retains Sustain portion of sound s envelope on all notes played until turned off In some instruments with complex envelopes it turns on a special Re lease segment to allow the sound to die away more slowly PC88 default assignment is Switch Pedal 1 Portamento Turns on and off Portamento Control see 05H and 54H Sostenuto Sustains notes that are being held when the control is turned on but subsequent played notes unlike 40H are not sus tained PC88 default assignment is Switch Pedal 2 Soft Pedal Lowers volume and or softens timbre by a pre set amount Legato Footswitch Puts receiver into legato mo
3. ETa 2 9 Assignable Controllers Buttons and Wheels oooonoconnnococonacccoonncnnoncconancninnnnss 2 9 NIaster VOLUTe uio oe DIS NAE 2 10 Palliat asain di dat m f is M de 2 10 la gre me TR S 2 10 Internal VOTCES A Qua coorta Corp ais ecu e EE tidos aS A dca lot epo du diia 3 1 Program Numbers and Other Ways of Selecting VOICES oooooocccnonoccnonccononcnonancconnnncnnnnos 3 2 Customizing the Internal Voices Mode sees enne 3 3 440 T ned Piano NV OL a uius aM EU Du 3 3 Ride Cymbal and Metronome Click eene 3 3 nCRACILBITUI CE 3 4 Setups and Zosimus Qi ede a Toad aT ERR dieu 4 1 POV ANS A Icd E N EE E E E 4 1 PELE CLINE Para iUt nubi A i esM torid am miuus 4 2 Selectunr Ao dle Satta Zao MC 4 2 I Don t Hear a Zone Is It Active But Not Soloed Muted or Off 4 3 Creating a Setup from an Internal Voice seen nennen enne 4 4 Zone Parameters ibi 5 1 Zone Parameters and Internal Voices lt lt 1 6 4s sesscdeesdeccssesserssveesescdccsdadevesadteaseenes 5 1 MUDA M E E E 5 2 MP CON RN 5 2 Destinations iuo eenn erba n Er aem ses dod attend Icd aad eanaeoaansaien 5 2 Pitehibend Rad indie 5 2 ENE 5 3 DM ia 5 3 EB CATV STUNG S po A evite t eds ree deri ete Eh 5 4 Bank Mode T 5 5 Program Number Display Jus ossia duty b eo ta sese eed Y oe
4. A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume C is Zone 3 volume A is Bass amp Ride volume B fades the Ride C is the pad volume Arpeggiator is al ways running Whl2 and SwPed1 both control Arp Velocity Works best with two notes in the right hand D is tempo A is Bass volume B is EPno volume Whl2 is E Pno tremolo depth C is E Pno trem olo rate D is Ride volume Pressure does PitchBend down on Bass G is Arpeggio latch Hold the lowest 3 keys and Press G to latch a rhythmic ride pattern A pans Zone 1 B pans Zone 2 Soft strikes are pad only Musician s Guide E 1 MIDI Setups Standard Setups 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Volume Sliders FluidGtr amp Vibe Click amp Trio E Bass E Pno Duo Comp 1 Vtrig E Piano Shift Limits Three Things dingalingling Arps on Top Sustain E Piano Enter amp Xfade Marimba Thing Click Ride Pan Sliders MIDI Template Local Template 127 Default Setup Template Used for the tutorial in Chapter 1 of this book All settings are default except for program and slider assignments A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 vol ume C is Zone 3 volume D is Zone 4 volume A is reverb wet B is chorus wet A is reverb wet B fades Ride C and Whl2 are Click volume F goes to A Bass amp Ride Zone 1 G latches the Arpeggiator in Add mode to sequence the click A0 A 0 Activate Zone3 to add
5. s optional music rack Demo Sequence oM There is an onboard sequence you can play at any time to demonstrate the capabilities of the PC88 and impress your friends A removable label shows that you start it by pressing the Acoustic Bass and Synth Pad Sound Setup Select buttons simultaneously buttons 14 and 16 It will play through to the end but you can stop it by pressing the buttons again If your PC88 has a VGM board and software version 1 1 or higher more than one demo sequence is available for your listening pleasure In this case several instrument lights will blink after you press buttons 14 and 16 simultaneously each one representing a different demo Press any of the blinking lights to listen to one of the demo sequences We think you ll want to listen to all the sequences since they go a long way towards demonstrating the possibilities you have with your PC88 Musician s Guide 1 3 Introducing the PC88 Internal Voices Internal Voices Let s explore the onboard instruments When the PC88 is first turned on the button labelled Internal Voices in the group of four buttons under the left side of the label Sound Setup Select is lit Now the group of 16 numbered buttons to the immediate right of this can be used to choose from 16 families of instruments Button number 1 Classical Piano is lit right now This is the selected voice its name appears in the display Press the other numbered buttons to select
6. If neither latch controller is on notes will arpeggiate only while you are holding down keys similar to Keys mode If you activate Controller 119 the keys currently held down will latch and any additional keys played while Controller 119 is on will also latch similar to Add mode When Controller 119 is off any keys that are not currently held down will be removed from the arpeggiation If you activate Controller 118 keys currently held down will latch and any additional keys played while Controller 118 is on will play normally similar to Overplay mode This mode is called Pedals mode because you might want to assign Switch Pedal 1 to Controller 119 Latch 1 and Switch Pedal 2 to Controller 118 Latch 2 to make the pedals function similarly to sustain and sostenuto pedals Play Order This parameter determines the play order how the notes will come out of the Arpeggiator Played means they will play back in the order they were entered Up means they will play in ascending order of pitch regardless of their original order Down means you guessed it descending order of pitch Up Dwn means they will play up then turn around and play down and keep cycling like that until the Arpeggiator stops The notes at the very top and very bottom only play once Up Dwn Rp is the same thing except the notes at the top and bottom play twice repeat before the Arpeggiator turns around Random picks the notes out from the currently latched ones tota
7. Note however that in Internal Voices mode the PC88 will not remember that a VGM sound has been selected If you subsequently press any of the Select or Group buttons you will jump back to the Internal Voices bank Bank 0 VGM voices are only remembered in Setups mode 3 4 PC88 Setups and Zones Analyzing a Setup Chapter 4 Setups and Zones The full power of the PC88 is available when it is in the MIDI Setups or just Setups mode In this mode the PC88 can take on the identity of four distinct instruments and four distinct MIDI transmitters all of which can use the same set of physical controllers or any subset thereof For example you can create a keyboard which is split into four different regions each of which has its own instrument say drums bass piano and sax and each of which also transmits on its own MIDI channel so that four different external MIDI instruments can be played individually by playing on different parts of the PC88 keyboard Each region is called a Zone Zones can be next to each other on the keyboard or on top of each other or overlap or be nowhere near each other there are no limitations Zones can even be defined that aren t on the keyboard they are above or below the PC88 s 88 key range but they will still produce non note MIDI data Besides Voice and MIDI channel each Zone can also have its own velocity characteristics transposition for internal sounds or for outgo
8. Press Key Range under Zone Parameters The display shows the range C 1 to G 9 which is the entire MIDI range 128 notes We ll leave the low limit where it is but we ll set the upper limit so that the bass sound only plays on the bottom 2 1 2 octaves of the keyboard Press the right cursor button gt gt gt so that the underline cursor is underneath the G in the display Press the Enter button and hold it and play E3 below C4 on the keyboard Now play the keyboard From the bottom of the keyboard to two octaves and a fifth higher you will hear the bass sound and the piano sound Above that you will hear only the piano sound To limit the low range of the piano sound press Zone 1 to make it current Use the left cursor button to bring the underline below the C in the display Again press and hold Enter and play C3 just below E3 on the keyboard The notes at the bottom of the keyboard now belong only to the bass The piano starts in at the third C and the bass stops above the third E We ve created two Zones with different instruments which overlap for a short interval on the keyboard Let s save the entire Setup all two Zones Press Store also under Zone Parameters and the display says Save Setup 33 or 65 if you have the VGM board This is the lowest numbered Setup location that does not currently have a Setup in it Press the right cursor button gt gt gt and the display changes to Rename Setup 33 Press Ente
9. Recv Trans 9 4 Registered Parameter F 4 Release Time F 3 Remap with MIDI In 9 3 Reset 9 5 Reset All Controllers 5 13 F 6 Reset PC88 9 5 Reverb Depth 2 9 5 13 Ride Cymbal 3 3 Roland using All Notes Off with 9 4 Room 7 1 S Saving Effects 7 2 Scaling controllers 5 14 Scaling velocity 5 8 Sequence Continue 5 14 Sequence Start 5 14 Sequence Stop 5 14 Sequencer using the PC88 with 8 1 Setting up the PC88 1 2 Setup Change Channel 9 3 Setup chg chan 9 3 Setup Decrement 5 14 Setup Increment 5 14 Setups 1 5 4 1 E 1 changing 9 3 creating from an Internal Voice 4 4 deleting 5 20 dumping 5 20 naming 5 19 storing 5 19 template E 5 VGM E 3 Shift Limit with Arpeggiator 6 5 Shifting notes in the Arpeggiator 6 4 Sin velocity curve 5 8 Sliders 5 11 Soft 5 13 Soft Pedal A 1 F 3 Soft reset 9 5 Solo button 1 5 2 5 Solo tuning 3 3 Sostenuto 2 2 5 13 F 3 Sound Control 2 2 10 Sound Controller 3 5 13 Sound Controllers F 3 Sound Variation F 3 Sound Setup Select 2 4 Specifications 1V Stage 7 1 Store button 1 7 4 4 5 19 with Effects 7 2 with Internal Voices 3 3 5 1 Storing a setup 5 19 Stretch tuning 3 3 Sustain 2 2 5 13 F 3 Index 4 PC88 Switch controller copying 5 18 Switch controllers 5 15 F 2 Switch Pedals 2 2 SwitchPdl 5 11 T Tempo 5 13 Toggle switch type 5 15 Touch 9 2 Transmit Buttons 9 5 Transmit Clock 9 2 Transmit Reverb Sysex 9 5 Transpose button 5 7 Transpose Down 5 14 Tran
10. Turn the wheel and it still says Zone Off To turn a Zone back on again simply assign it a MIDI Channel from the MIDI Transmit function Musician s Guide 4 3 Setups and Zones Creating a Setup from an Internal Voice Creating a Setup from an Internal Voice There are two ways to create a Setup One is to take an existing Setup and modify it The other is to build one up from an Internal Voice An Internal Voice as you may have figured out by now is in most respects a Setup with Zones 2 3 and 4 turned off Remember that the controllers on Zone 1 will by default have the assignments that they had in Internal Voices mode slider A Ctl 91 slider B Ctl 93 etc Adding Zones to an Internal Voice will turn it into a Setup Let s try it Press Internal Voices and then Classical Piano Press the Zone 2 button and the display will show a program number for the Zone but the name will be Zone Off Go to Zone Parameters and press MIDI Transmit The MIDI Channel is Off Use the alpha wheel to set the MIDI Channel to 2 The Zone 2 button glows orange indicating the Zone is now active but muted Press it to make it active Press the Program button and then on the numeric keypad 1 3 Enter This will bring the Acoustic Bass sound into Zone 2 Or if you have the VGM board try 1 3 5 Enter This will put the Fretless Bass sound from Bank 1 the General MIDI bank into the Zone Let s split this keyboard
11. among the other voices While you re doing that play with the modulation wheel the second one in from the left or Wheel 2 and the sustain pedal and see how the sounds change On most of the organ sounds for example pushing the modulation wheel brings in a rotating speaker effect Sound Setup Select Internal Voices MIDI Setups Classical Piano Stage Piano Classic EPiano Digital EPiano Electric Grand Piano amp Strings Strings Harpsichord Rock Organ Jazz Organ Vibes Acoustic Bass Hectric Bass Synth Pad 9 nl 10m 11 12 EE n 14 15 ae com To select a different instrument within a family use the Previous Group and Next Group buttons Each family contains 4 different instruments arranged in Groups labelled as you ll see on the display A through D Press Previous Group and Next Group simultaneously at any time to return to Group A Press the Select button marked Piano amp Strings and then press the Previous Group button until the upper right corner of the display says HEI This is a layered sound of a bright stage piano and a string pad Hold a chord and move the slider in the Assignable Controllers section labelled C Listen to how the timbre changes Acoustic Guitar Clav Assigning Controllers Let s have Wheel 2 do something else Find the group of buttons at the top of the panel labelled Zone Parameters The topmost right
12. difficult making sure they re all the same in two different Zones For that reason a Copy function has been included Leave the Controllers mode it s a special case which we ll talk about in a moment by pressing any of the other buttons on the top row of Zone Parameters Select a Zone from the current Musician s Guide 5 17 Zone Parameters Copying Parameters Setup with the Zone buttons Now press Copy The display asks if you want to copy the current Zone If you do press Enter If you want a different Zone copied press its button Press any other parameter button to cancel Now press the right cursor button The display asks you where to paste the Zone you ve just copied Press the button of the Zone you want to paste into and press Enter Again any other parameter button cancels When you paste a Zone the PC88 retains the destination zone s old MIDI channel which is less likely to conflict with the MIDI channel you have copied It s a good idea to set the MIDI channel of the zone before you paste into it You can also copy a Zone from one Setup to another Copy it the same way and then press the MIDI Setups button and select the Setup you want to go to with the Select buttons or Data Entry controls Press Copy and then the right cursor and the display will ask whether you want to paste into the current zone You can select another Zone with its Zone button or not Press Enter and the deed is done Besides ent
13. 0 means you can use any value that s greater than zero 0 means the value should be 0 x means you can use any value except None V means the value does count for alii On Value Off Value 120 All Sound Off gt x 121 Reset All Controllers gt 0 x 122 Local Control Off gt 0 123 All Notes Off gt 0 x 124 Omni mode Off gt 0 x 125 Omni mode On gt 0 x 126 Mono mode On V x the On value in some synths oe the number of MIDI channels to respond to with one voice on each 127 Poly mode On gt 0 Program Increment x Program Decrement x Goto Program v Setup Increment x x lt L xxx PC88 Zone Parameters Copying Parameters Setup Decrement x x Goto Setup v x once you go to another Setup this Setup s parameters are no longer operative Sequence Start x x Sequence Stop x x Start and Stop will usually be on the same button as On and Off Ctrls Sequence Continue x x Transpose Up vV M Transpose Down v v Do Need All Those Pedals It s important to realize that you don t have to have an actual pedal plugged into every Pedal and Switch Pedal jack in order to take advantage of all of them Entry and Exit Values can be assigned to a Zone and a physical controller even if the controller isn t there and they will behave as if the controller were in fact plugged in So if you want a specific group of Controller commands to be sent out whenever you choose a Setup and you know they re not going to change
14. 4 of 4 Invrs Const Low Hi There are three parameters under the Key Range button The first two both of which appear on the initial display set the lower and upper note limits of the Zone Use the cursor buttons to move between the low and high settings Intuitive entry is useful here after you ve chosen which limit to set press and hold Enter and hit the note you want The limits of MIDI are C 1 to G9 The normal 88 key range is A0 to C8 You can create negative ranges by setting the high limit lower than the low limit This results in the Zone being active at the top and bottom of the keyboard but being silent in the range between the two limits This lets you create a layer with a hole in the middle which you can then fill with a different sound on another zone either internal or on an external synth Note Map Note Map lets you change the way notes are sent from the PC88 which can be useful in a number of situations The default setting is Linear all notes go out as played Moving decrementally takes you to Off no notes are sent but controllers and other non note data are Moving back up takes you through the alternating maps which we ll skip over for just a second After them comes Inverse which turns the keyboard upside down with the highest key being A 0 and the lowest C 9 Finally if you set it to Constant Const all of the keys on the keyboard will play the same note The note defaults to C4 but you
15. Arpeggiator will then process them by playing them repeatedly and or having them fly up and down the keyboard You have control over a number of processing parameters tempo velocity order duration transposition orchestration and whether the intervals between notes will be filled in chromatically You can also tell the Arpeggiator how to deal with new information coming from the keyboard MIDI Setup 3 Rhythm Pad provides a good example of how to use the Arpeggiator Take a look at it now And while you re at it double check to see that the Clock parameter in the Global menu is set to Internal If it isn t you will have trouble getting the Arpeggiator to run Press the Arpeggiator button in the Zone Parameters section to enter the Arpeggiator mode There is one Arpeggiator per Setup and therefore all of the parameters are common to the entire Setup with one exception The table below summarizes the Arpeggiator s features Parameter Values Arp Active On Off Key Range C 1 to G9 Zone Enable On Off per Zone Latch Mode Keys Overplay Arpeggiation Add Auto Pedals Play Order Played Up Down Up Dwn Up Dwn Rp Random Shuffle Walk Beats 4th notes 32nd trips Initial Tempo 20 300 beats per minute Duration 1 100 Vel Mode Fixed Played Last Pressure Ctrl 117 Fixed Vel 1 127 Note Shift 12 to 12 Shift Limit 0 88 Limit Option Stop Reset Unipolar Bipolar Flt Reset Flt Unip Gli
16. Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None 98 99 None None None Room Room Room Room Stage Stage Stage Stage Hall Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Warm Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Hall Hall Hall Warm Warm Warm Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay You can also change the wet dry mix of both the reverb and the effects on the Internal and the VGM sounds The following controllers are used higher values wetter Internal Reverb Controller 91 5BH VGM Reverb Controller 92 5CH Internal Effects Controller 93 5DH VGM Effects Controller 94 5EH D 2 PC88 MIDI Setups Appendix E MIDI Setups Standard Setups The PC88 is programmed with factory MIDI Setups to provide you with useful internal program combinations unique arpeggiator examples and appropriate templates for easy creation of custom setups There are 32 standard Setups and an additional 32 VGM Setups With 17 assignable controllers shared among four independent zones PC88 MIDI Setups can be quite complex The following list describes the features of each factory MIDI Setup including any non default controller assignments special application notes and serving suggestions Since most zones have Wheel 1 assigned to Pitch Bend Wheel 2 assigned to Modulation and Switch Pedals 1 and 2 assigned
17. Controller and you can switch back and forth between mono and poly mode instantaneously In the Home Use the Internal Voices for piano practice and for family sings The keyboard feel is the same as an acoustic piano your teacher should have no objection to you practicing on the PC88 And you can practice any hour of the day or night with headphones Design thick Setups with multiple processors and keyboard splits to impress your friends and pretend you re on stage at the Royal Albert Hall Put the PC88 in General MIDI mode and play back GM files on floppy disk or CD ROM from your multimedia computer Hear what the files are really supposed to sound like as opposed to what they sound like with some two bit sound card and use a sequencer to edit them adding your own orchestrations and other personal touches Get an accompaniment program which can play rhythm and background tracks while you solo on top changing from sax to trumpet to flute to bagpipe with each chorus Play along with your favorite records If they re out of tune adjust the pitch on the PC88 with the Tuning parameter Put on headphones get the Arpeggiator going and start fooling around You could induce an Alpha state before you know it Above all have fun 10 2 PC88 Numerics 14 bit Controllers F 1 440 tuned piano voice 3 3 64 Note Poly bank 3 4 64 note polyphony 3 4 5 7 A 1 A All Notes Off 9 4 F 6 All Sound Off 5 13 F 6 Alpha W
18. E Bass amp Ride t C ride volume Sustain E Bass Slap E Bass Stereo Strings t C filter Slo String Pad t C filter Slo Vibes t Slow Digital Pad t A 2 PC88 VGM Board Voices Appendix B VGM Board Voices General MIDI voices General MIDI voices BoM This list shows the voices in the General MIDI bank Bank1 on the VGM board The bank is automatically selected for all channels when General MIDI in the Global menu is turned on They are accessible at any time on any chan nel when GM has been turned on with the exception of channel 10 which is dedicated to drum sounds These num bers assume the Program Number Display parameter is set for 0 127 add 1 if it is set for 1 128 Sounds marked with an asterisk have a special Key based Pitchbend mode When these sounds are being played and you move the pitch wheel only notes whose keys are actually being held down will change in pitch Other notes which may be sounding either because they are being held by the sustain pedal or they have a long release envelope will not change in pitch Grand Piano Acoustic Bass Soprano Sax Ice Rain Bright Piano Fingered Bass Alto Sax Soundtrack Electric Grand Picked Bass Tenor Sax Crystal Honky Tonk Piano Electric Piano 1 Fretless Bass Slap Bass 1 Baritone Sax Oboe Atmosphere Brightness Electric P
19. Effects Change Modena ir 9 2 CRANES SEUS ds 9 3 Setup Change Chama ias 9 3 lulu NI T ET ER 9 3 Tuning and Receive Transpose iue qs orte deed tate gesund ee aene ta ee tus 9 4 Bank Select Control tina adidas 9 4 ANo T Ms td 9 4 Generali Iss Meere a A O 9 4 DEVIC CTD lt A AA EA Ss So ERS oo 9 4 Transmit Buttons 4er HEREDI sae isa GATTO Use Pr TERRENT He 9 5 Transmit Revetb Sysex iii 9 5 Memory S VELIT 9 5 RE SEC A Meas aiu Made Ud te E Eee hace 9 5 Dumpall Sup ie for tese nU a Era 9 5 MILDISCODS iet E A A aeos 9 6 PCBS 1m the Real WOEIG cud ESSERE RIS cacascecseoseasseqsssesescguusnnessancncsvocessnsiesne se EE CERE NROPRIS RE aoise ERES 10 1 AG A GIG I 10 1 Inthe R cording Studie os 10 1 In the MIDI Composing Studio eo Dori ee iud eode adag 10 2 In the Home scusa cheat niles Malte ten aN E ia ie 10 2 Internal VOICOS aues O O NUES eoio isas ossis A 1 VGM Board VOICES O B 1 General MIDI d E B 1 Expansion VOICES ed A e basa dadas ele AA AA B 2 attic er C 1 General MIDE 22 55 O Lt Oo fa ue aue C 1 KUDAI IMT RA EUN C 3 Indo JC C 5 Orchestral STOTIu ded ANO RA O A C 6 Effects VID e D 1 MIDI SEUS et EUH GS RA MOM GM eo ence eeu I e Oi RE cis E 1 Standard SeUlpSsssscsseed vases Meise SEEE eE esi ae at E 1
20. Exit Value of 64 to any controller assigned MIDI Controller 10 Or if you wanted to make sure a channel was playing at full volume when you left a Setup you would give an Exit Value of 127 to a controller assigned MIDI Controller 7 Again None means no command is sent The Switch Controllers Switch physical controllers have only two states on and off They are found after the Continuous controllers when you are scrolling the menu They are Buttons E E and G Switch Pedals SwitchPdl 1 and 2 The parameters for Switch controllers are slightly different from those for continuous controllers The first parameter is Switch Type SwType The choices available are Momentary in which a switch s action lasts only as long as you are pushing it and Toggle in which the switch s action lasts until you press it again The Momentary mode is used for functions like sustain or portamento while the Toggle mode is used for functions such as arpeggiator start and stop or latch program Goto s and transpositions The buttons show which mode they are in by the behavior of their lights if a button is in Momentary mode its light glows only aslong as you are holding it while if it is in Toggle mode the light stays on until you press it again Bear in mind that button assignments are independent per zone and since there s just a single light per button the light only shows the state of the button for the current zone When you press the button howeve
21. It contains special duplicates of several of the sounds in the Internal bank including piano guitar and vibes Since these sounds are produced by the VGM board and the Internal sounds are produced on the Internal board this allows you to play the sounds with up to 64 voices of polyphony See the Key Range section of Chapter 5 for details When you are in Internal Voices mode you can access the sounds in the VGM banks although not as quickly as the Internal sounds There are several ways to do this You can scroll through all of the programs in all of the banks using the Alpha wheel and as you pass program 127 in one bank the display jumps to program 0 of the next bank the name of the new bank appears on the top line of the display Or you can use the left cursor and Alpha wheel to set the bank then the right cursor and Alpha wheel to select the program Perhaps the fastest way is with the numeric keypad When you re in the Internal Voices play mode i e you re not editing anything go to the numeric keypad and press the number of the bank of the VGM sound you want to play 1 2 or 3 Then press the button on the keypad followed by the program number one two or three digits you don t need to enter leading zeroes of the sound and finally the Enter button The bank number and name will appear on the top line of the display and the program number and name on the bottom The keyboard will play the selected sound
22. MIDI devices as well if the Destination is set accordingly Some instruments have more banks than the PC88 the Kurzweil K2000 for example has 10 The MIDI Specification says a device can have up to 16 384 Banks and the PC88 gives you access to every single one of them Bank switching over MIDI makes it easy for the PC88 user to scroll through sounds on external instruments no matter how many Banks they might have If you select an empty Bank like Bank 1 if you don t have the VGM board Bank 4 if you do the Zone will produce no sound on the PC88 but will still send MIDI data out The Program display will say External Program indicating that any sounds produces will be created by an external device If the Bank parameter is showing on the display instead of a name you will see some numbers in the display below for example 292 2 36 Fone 1 2921 0493 Bank 292 24362 The first number is the Bank number and the ones in parentheses show the Bank number in the two byte form Most Significant Byte MSB followed by the Least Significant Byte LSB prescribed by the MIDI Specification The Bank number is the MSB multiplied by 128 plus the LSB If this is confusing don t worry we ll discuss what it means shortly Press the right cursor gt gt gt to return to the Program menu s program display From the above display for example pressing gt gt gt would change the display to this Fone 1 2921 0493 H49 Ext
23. Meditation 2 A is internal reverb wet B is internal chorus wet 59 Soft Big Band Activate Zone 3 to add Bari Sax Activate Zone 4 to add Trumpet A is soft section vol ume B is soft lead volume C is trumpet volume D is bari volume E pans Zone 2 60 Rhythm BigBand A is soft section volume B is alto volume C fades Ride D is brass volume E pans Zone 2 via entry state Soft strikes play soft horns only 61 Mello Guitars A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume C is Zone 3 volume 62 Horn Lead A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume E pans zones 1 and 2 63 Plunkers A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume E pans zones 1 and 2 64 Scary Stuff A is Zone 1 volume B is internal delay wet C sends Pitch Up on Zone 4 Application Notes While you play through the Setups remember that after moving controllers and changing zone status you can al ways re select the current setup by pressing the same Setup Select button again in order to re send all entry values Similarly you might use the Panic button to reset all controllers then re select the setup in order to insure that each MIDI channel is playing the intended controller values Make your own There are many ways to program the PC88 to fully automate a multi synthesizer rig for quick access live performance When you are preparing the PC88 for a live performance the Default Setup 127 the Volume Sliders Local Template and MIDI Tem plate setups are recommended starting poi
24. Strings C isStrings volume A is reverb wet B is chorus wet A is reverb wet B is chorus wet Percussive Marimba is triggered only on accented notes Example Note shifts with the floating limit option SwitchPdl2 stops the arpeggia tion and allows normal playing A pans Zone 1 B pans Zone 2 C is Marimba volume Pressure sends Pitch Bend on Zone 1 G is the overplay latch Hold a note while pressing G for Arpeggiation Example Note shifts with the stop option C is reverb wet D is tempo G is the Add mode latch B is Zone 2 arpeggio volume Cis Strings volume D is Tempo SwitchPdll is Sos tenuto for Strings A is the pad volume Example Reverse curves and entry values A controls volume of the low Strings and inverse volume of the high Strings Curves and entry values are set for a smooth octave crossfade Hold a chord and move A from top to bottom B is delay wet C is strings filter D is release control A pans Zone 1 B pans Zone 2 Template Copy Zone 1 to use the layered ride in another setup Copy Zone 2 and the arpeggiator to add the automatic Click to another setup A is Ride volume B is Click volume D is tempo G is the add mode latch Template Program Entry Transmit is off for all zones Selecting this setup will not change programs Move to this setup to play with panning on any 4 channels while mixing A pans Zone 1 B pans Zone 2 C pans Zone 3 D pans Zone 4 Template Destination is MIDI only for all
25. VGM SUP init oe eas es nU ie D M au MIS DIR eee E 3 Application NOLES e ost id e cce nr ctl tese Ls E 4 Default Setup Parameters Generic Template esee E 5 Default Controller Assignments Internal Voices eee E 6 Setups o eon patus ine otro occi Lo epe s Mere E A E ARSS E 6 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification 4 ceres ee eee ee eene e eene seen eese en seen aee F 1 The fitst 64 T4 DIts odos F 1 Th Switches 04 09 M F 2 sound Controllers 70 1953 da F 3 Controllers S0 9 7 osi ducat dulce oem peres et Eee fu F 4 Registered and Non Registered Parameters Controllers 98 101 F 4 102 119 Uncharted Territory ta id adas F 5 120 127 Mode Messages ici na a SEN AP aea dU F 6 PCSS Internal Diagn aS tes ooi rispetto NENNEN EN E PERENNFUS TNERUERNRI EAE KTE NER TR NR SR IR soesto sse idee ieser CENE G 1 Enterme DIasSuostiCS 2i cbs 26x noe tunes cael odd ead erc havea cand idea eaa at G 1 Running the Debug Sequente iia beatae add aan a gate phos G 1 EXTERIOR G 2 TOC iv Introducing the PC88 For People Who Never Read Manuals Chapter 1 Introducing the PC88 The PC88 is a self contained portable keyboard that features quick and intuitive access to 64 and optionally more internal sounds derived from Kurzweil s renowned ROM samples It can produce up to 32 note polyphony in full stereo and lets yo
26. Wheel 1 Down s all of Wheel 2 s and all of MPressure s before you get to Slider A The cursor buttons have an auto repeat function hold one down and it keeps scrolling Each controller has either 6 or 7 parameters so even with auto repeat this can get pretty tedious Therefore two special ways of accessing controller parameters are available One is jump selection if you press both cursor buttons simultaneously the display will jump to the same parameter of the next controller So if you are working on the scaling of Slider A as shown here Fone 1 Slider A Ctrl Scale 133 and you want to check the scaling of Slider B press both cursor buttons lt lt lt and gt gt gt and you ll get Slider B s Scale setting one 1 Slider E Ctrl Scale T54 The other quick method of getting around is a special Controllers Intuitive Entry mode when you re in Controllers mode press and hold the Controllers button and then make a movement of any kind with the physical controller you want to adjust The display will change to show the controller you ve selected and its initial parameter Ctrl Num Pressure can also be selected this way hold the Controllers button and play any note adding a little extra weight at the bottom of the downstroke To get back to the very beginning of the Controllers menu Wheel 1 Up s number just press the Controllers button Intuitive Entry also works in the normal way when setting the va
27. a toggle will alternate on and off with each press The first wheel which is most commonly used for pitchbend can have different effects depending on which way you push it up from the center resting place or down The second wheel has one continuous effect over its whole range The sliders buttons and wheels are all assignable on a per zone basis so not only can they do different things in different setups they may also do different things within a setup For example a slider may send out Controller 7 MIDI Volume to one zone s MIDI channel and at the same time send Controller 10 Pan to another zone s MIDI channel Much more on this in Chapter 5 Like the pedals there are default settings for the assignable controllers that come with the factory Setups Controller Default Setting Wheel 1 Up Pitchbend up values above 64 Wheel 1 Down Pitchbend down values below 64 Wheel 2 Controller 1 Modulation Slider A Controller 91 Reverb Depth Slider B Controller 93 Effects Depth Musician s Guide 2 9 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls Controller Default Setting Slider C Controller 4 Foot Pedal same as Pedal 2 Slider D Controller 72 Envelope Control Button E Controller 71 Sound Control 2 Button F None Button G Controller 119 Arpeggiator Latch 1 Master Volume Panic Effects This slider is not programmable It do
28. and Min parameters If the offset is 25 the minimum value of the controller will be 25 If it is 25 and scale is 100 the first one fifth of the controller s movement 25 127 about 1 5 won t do anything and the maximum value of the controller will be 102 127 25 As with velocity Scale is a proportional change to the controller while Offset is a linear change The maximum values for Offset are 127 Ctrl Curve lets you taper the controller response The default setting is Linear which means that the response follows a straight line as you move the controller Sin sets the taper to resemble the first quarter cycle of a sine wave in which there is a bulge as the response 5 14 PC88 Zone Parameters Controllers increases As you move the controller up from the bottom of its travel the output will increase faster than normal until you reach its midpoint at which point it will start to increase slower than it would normally Cos sets the curve to resemble a cosine wave in which the bulge goes the other way the response is less than normal as you approach the controller s midpoint and then increases faster than normal as you move higher Entry and Exit Values Entry value allows you to specify an initial value for a controller in a Setup that will be sent whenever you select that Setup For example if you want to make sure that a voice in a Zone is panned to the center whenever you select the Setup you w
29. are pre programmed in all of the factory Setups of course you can change them You can select from the entire list of numbered MIDI controllers as well as other MIDI commands and some special functions To move through the list you can use the Alpha wheel or Intuitive Entry with any continuous controller or call up the Controller s number with the numeric keypad Here are some of the common targets for each controller in scrolling order None the controller does nothing MIDI Controller messages 0 127 The most commonly used Controllers are 1 Modulation the default assignment on factory Setups for Wheel 2 2 Breath Controller 4 Foot Control the default for Pedal 2 and Slider C 6 Data Entry Slider 7 Volume 10 Pan stereo position Pan messages on the PC88 s internal sounds only affect the beginnings of notes and do not change notes that are being sustained 11 Expression an attenuator for fading in and out the default for Pedal 1 64 Sustain the default for Switch Pedal 1 65 Portamento 66 Sostenuto it holds notes that are currently down but not notes played subsequently the default for Switch Pedal 2 67 Soft lowers the volume by a pre set amount and may softens the timbre as well 69 Hold 2 or Freeze it freezes a synth envelope at its current state 72 Envelope Control also called Sound Controller 3 shortens or lengthens the envelope of a sound 91 Reverb Depth
30. button is labelled Controllers Press that button so that its light comes on The top line of the display reads Wheel 1 UE Now press the Controllers button again but this time hold it down while you move the modulation wheel slightly The display changes to read Wheel 2 This is an example of a feature called Intuitive Entry which makes it possible to adjust parameters quickly without having to scroll through pages of them The PC88 s display now looks like this Wheel 2 1 Mod Whl Fone 1 Ctrl Hum Right now the lower line on the display tells us that Wheel 2 is controlling Modulation MIDI Controller 1 Turn the big black knob on the panel under the label Data Entry we ll be calling this the Alpha Wheel clockwise until the lower line of the display says Etr 1 Mum 1 amp 8 Par Wheel 2 has now been configured as a pan control Play a passage of short notes while you quickly move the wheel The notes will appear at different points in the stereo spectrum depending on the position of the wheel Exiting from PC88 Menus You can exit from any PC88 menu by going directly to Internal Voices mode or MIDI Setups mode You do not have to explicitly exit from the menu the PC88 will change modes automatically as soon as you press the Internal Voices or MIDI Setups button For example to return to Internal Voices mode without changing the controller assignment in the above example press Internal Voices which will begin blinkin
31. combination of Zones muted or active at any time 4 2 PC88 Setups and Zones Selecting Zones If you want to hear just one Zone and temporarily mute the notes on all the others use the Solo button The button for the current Zone turns red and the only sound you hear is that Zone s To solo a different Zone just push that Zone s button To hear all of the Zones turn off Solo by pressing it again You can Solo a muted zone make an orange zone red which will turn it on and will also turn off all of the others However if a Zone is soloed you can t mute it make a red one orange you would have to first un solo it When one Zone is soloed the other Zones are not completely dead only their notes are muted Any controller data associated with those Zones will still be generated Don t Hear a Zone Is It Active But Not Soloed Muted or Off There are important differences between a Zone that is silent because a different Zone has been soloed green light when another Zone is red a Zone that is muted orange light and one that is off no light A Zone not soloed but otherwise active does everything except play notes controllers are still sent out the MIDI Out jack A muted Zone doesn t do anything while it s muted except that it sends exit and entry values for its programs and controllers when you enter or leave the Setup see Chapter 5 A muted Zone does have a program number and a MIDI ch
32. contain all GM instruments plus some additional ones have six other useful drum sets The PC88 includes equivalent sets These can be called up in General MIDI mode on Channel 10 only with Program Change commands as follows 0 8 Standard 9 15 Room 16 23 Power 24 Electric 25 31 Synth 32 39 Jazz 40 47 Brush 48 55 Orchestra All of the channels are locked into the GM bank If you need a voice from another bank or you want to get 64 voice polyphony you will have to go to the Global menu and turn General MIDI off The General MIDI drum sets are available when you re not in General MIDI mode and can be assigned to any channel You ll find them in Bank 2 with these program numbers 67 Standard 68 Room 69 Power 70 Electric 71 Synth 72 Brush 73 Orchestra Keep going and you will find some more drum sets in this Bank which are not related to General MIDI and are mapped quite differently 74 Clean 75 Ambient 76 Synth And there are a couple of more percussion sets which have totally different maps 62 Orchestra Percussion 63 Latin Percussion A complete list of all of the drum sounds as well as some hints on how to use some of them is in Appendix C Note that when General MIDI mode is off you can have different drum sets on different channels as many as you want if that s the sort of thing you like to do 8 2 PC88 Global Parameters Chapter 9 Global Parameters Many of the PC88 s imp
33. curve 5 8 Creating a Setup 4 4 Ctrl Curve 5 14 Ctrl Offset 5 14 Ctrl Scale 5 14 Cursor Buttons 2 3 Musician s Guide Index 1 D Damper F 3 Data Decrement F 4 F 5 Data Entry 2 7 F 1 Data Entry Slider 5 13 Data Increment F 4 F 5 Data Slider F 5 Decrement increment buttons 2 7 Default settings resetting parameters to 2 7 Delay 7 1 Deleting setups 5 20 Demo sequence 1 3 Dest 5 2 Destination 5 2 Device ID 9 4 Diagnostics G 1 Drum Sounds and effects 7 3 Drums C 1 Kurzweil C 3 Latin percussion C 5 orchestral percussion C 6 Dump all Setups 9 5 Dumping setups 5 20 Duration with Arpeggiator 6 4 E Effect copying 5 18 Effect Control sending to other devices F 2 Effects 1 7 D 1 and drum sounds 7 3 copying 7 3 MIDI control of 7 4 saving 7 2 Effects button 2 10 7 1 Effects Change Mode 9 2 Effects Depth 2 9 5 13 Efx Chg Mode 9 2 9 3 Ensemble tuning 3 3 Entry transmit 5 4 Entry values 5 15 Envelope F 3 Envelope Control 2 10 5 13 Exit values 5 15 Exiting from PC88 Menus 1 4 Exiting without changing a Setup 1 7 Expansion Sounds bank 3 4 Expansion voices B 2 Expression 2 2 5 13 F 2 F Fine Tuning F 5 Fixed Velocity with Arpeggiator 6 4 Foot Control 5 13 Foot Pedal 2 2 2 10 Freeze 5 13 G General MIDI 9 4 B 1 drum sounds C 1 General MIDI bank 3 4 General MIDI mode 8 2 General Purpose Controllers F 2 Gigs using PC88 at 10 1 Glissando with Arpeggiator 6 6 Global button 9 1 Globa
34. go ahead without them press it again Another chorus with the drums press it again and the drum machine resets and starts at the top In the Recording Studio The PC88 is the controller for a MIDI rig with several instrument modules You ve got to be able to get to the right sounds quickly without fumbling for them and you ve got to sound great Set the destination on as many channels as you need to cover all the outboard synths to MIDI and set the rest to Local Create Setups that have one Zone addressing a Local channel and the others addressing each of the outboard synths If the modules use non standard numbering for their patches set the Program Number Display on each Zone accordingly a Yamaha synth will like 1 128 while a Roland may want 11 88 If one of the modules is a K1000 or K2000 use those modes for Bank Select If one of the modules follows the General MIDI spec set the Program Name Display to General MIDI and you won t have to guess where the sounds on it are Use the physical controllers in all of the Zones to bring individual synths in and out of the mix the four sliders for example can each be assigned to MIDI Volume in a different Zone Or assign one slider to control Volume in the four Zones but scale it differently so the mix changes as you crescendo and decrescendo Use the crossfading power opposite scalings of the controllers to blend sounds and move between different ones smoothly When you re drivin
35. life To solo a different zone press its button to make it current To turn off the Solo function press Solo again Let s edit the Setup For this tutorial keep all the sliders up so you will be able to hear the zones as you work on them In the Zone Parameters section select Key Range As shown Musician s Guide 1 5 Introducing the PC88 MIDI Setups below the display now shows the current zone and its program number on the top line of the display and the first two Key Range parameters in the bottom of the display Current Bank amp Program number Zone for current Zone m zone 1 8 bel Lowi 1 HitG 3 Lj EA Para Value Para Value meter meter Press the Solo button We can now work on the key range of Zone 1 without being confused by other zones sounding The display tells us that the range of the zone is set to C 1 to G9 which is the entire MIDI range For reference C4 is middle C Push the right cursor button immediately under the display it s labelled gt gt gt once so that the underline cursor on the display is under the Hi value Turn the Alpha wheel counterclockwise until the Hi note reads B2 Press the Acoustic Bass button in the Sound Select group and if necessary press the Previous Group button until the upper right of the display shows 0 013 You ve chosen Internal Voice number 13 The result is that you have an acoustic bass sound that plays from the bottom of the keyboar
36. or keyboard key after each one sounds in order to advance to the next These tones are likely to be very loud so be sure to set the PC88 s volume slider to its minimum setting before running the diagnostic tests You can adjust the volume slider after each tone begins to sound Exiting Diagnostics To leave Diagnostics mode restart the PC88 without holding down any of its keys or buttons MIDI Implementation Chart Manufacturer Date 6 1 94 Young Chang Version 1 0 Function A Basic n Default Mode Default Multi Multi EE Messages B Mode 1 amp 3 memorized Altered Note Number 0 3 0 127 key range Velocity Note ON Note OFF After Touch Channel O mod wheel O foot controller O data entry O Jexpression O sustain pedal O sostenuto pedal O soft pedal O sound control O Jenvelope control O reverb select O VGM reverb select O reverb depth O VGM reverb depth O Jeffects depth O VGM effects depth O data increment O data decrement O registered param num O larpeggiator on off O larpeggiator velocity ctl O larpeggiator latch 2 O larpeggiator latch 1 120 O jall sound off 121 O reset all controllers Program Change 0 127 O 0 63 local sounds True 5 127 0 63 System Exclusive ENRICO MIDI i erem Common P Common Song ESSI 5 Song Sel Tune System Real Time Clock Messages Aux Messages Local Control O O All Notes Off O O Active Sense s Reset Us
37. rel vel attk amp rel times pressure swell Touch Strings t C filter pressure swell amp Strings t C str filter D str release time Musician s Guide A 1 Internal Voices Button Label Internal Voice Mod Wheel Sliders C amp D Buttons Others Harpsichord Acoustic Guitar Rock Organ Acoustic Bass Electric Bass Harpsichord E no release release vel harpsi releases Stereo Harpsi E no release release vel harpsi releases 8ve Harpsichord Pedals Harpschrdt Acoustic Guitar t C filter E no release E no release 12 str Guitar t Fluid Guitar t St Clav Guitar t Clav 1 E no release release vel clav releases Stereo Clav t E no release release vel clav releases Super Clav Organi Clav Rock Organ 1 t rotary speaker E perc stop Rock Organ 2 rotary speaker E perc stop Ballad Organ 1 Full Pipes Jazz Organ 1 t rotary speaker rotary speaker C perc filter C high ranks filter C perc volume E perc stop E perc stop Jazz Organ 2 t rotary speaker E perc stop Ballad Organ 2 t rotary speaker Chiffy Pipes t St Trem Vibes trem Simple Vibes trem amp vib Marimba t Metal Marimba Acoustic Bass A Bass amp Ride t C ride volume Legato A Bass Leg Bass amp Ride t Dual E Bass t C ride volume
38. reset You can change which Setup you are dumping by turning the Alpha wheel or entering a number on the keypad Loading a Setup back into the PC88 is simply a matter of playing it from the storage device into the PC88 s MIDI In jack However the Device ID of the PC88 which is set from the Global menu must be set to the same number both when dumping and reloading the Setup for this to work The same is true when going from one PC88 to another they must have the same Device ID You can avoid problems by setting the Device ID to 127 In MIDI speak this means broadcast to all units so any PC88 on the MIDI cable will receive the Setup data You might not want to do this if you have multiple PC88s that you re trying to keep different from each other You can t dump an empty Setup if you try the display will say Not Found Press either cursor button or any Parameter button to get out of here There is also a function for dumping all Setups it s on the Global menu Deleting a Setup The last item on the Store menu is Delete This comes in handy when you are designing and storing lots and lots of fancy Setups It erases a Setup from memory without replacing it with another Setup thus freeing up more space to store other Setups in other locations You can check the free memory in the PC88 at any time using the Mem Avail option on the Global menu From the Store function press the right cursor button gt gt gt three
39. stored in Setup 128 This setup has default parameter information stored in it though you can overwrite this setup with your own creating your own default parameter settings A full explanation is in Chapter 5 Store is the button for saving Setups to internal memory Press it once and use the Data Entry controls to select a location to store the Setup to then press Enter to make it so Also from this menu you can delete and rename Setups and dump them over MIDI System Exclusive See Chapter 5 2 6 PC88 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls Data Entry The Data Entry section is used to set the various parameters associated with a Voice or a Setup It consists of three parts the Alpha wheel the decrement increment buttons and and the numeric keypad Data Entry The Alpha Wheel is used to move rapidly through lists of voices and setups to select them for playing or modification It also sets parameter values when you are in Parameter mode It has no markings of its own but refers to what is showing in the display You can move it either clockwise or counterclockwise without limit The decrement increment buttons complement the Alpha wheel by providing a quick way to make small adjustments once the Alpha wheel has gotten you into the
40. the simplest way to use the unit especially for live performance or teaching In MIDI Setups mode up to four Zones can be active at once but in Internal Voices mode the PC88 is operating as a single Zone However in either mode the PC88 can receive MIDI data on 16 channels simultaneously If your unit has the optional VGM board installed the Internal Voices mode is considerably enhanced We ll deal with those features at the end of this chapter When you turn the power on to the PC88 it wakes up in Internal Voices mode To enter this mode from the other mode MIDI Setups press the Internal Voices button Its green LED blinks until you select a sound by pressing a voice button Sound Setup Select Internal Voices MIDI Setups Classical Piano Stage Piano Classic EPiano Digital EPiano Electric Grand Piano amp Strings Strings Harpsichord Acoustic Guitar Clav Rock Organ Jazz Organ Vibes Acoustic Bass Hectric Bass Synth Pad 9 em 1 am 11 12 13 14 em Each voice button is labelled with the name of the types of sounds it provides The display for each sound shows its name e g Classical Piano a number e g 000 and a Group Preset number e g A01 For example here s the display for the Tack Piano voice Li Internal Voice DB 043 Tack Piano Pressing a different voice button selects another sound for example Jazz Organ brings
41. the currently selected program number above For example Zone l 0 43 Bank Internal Voices Use the Data Entry section to select other banks Bank 1 is a complete set of General MIDI instruments which follows the General MIDI Level 1 Specification It provides 128 sounds including all members of the orchestra keyboards guitars basses tuned percussion pads and sound effects as well as a large set of keyed one note per sound percussion The PC88 s General MIDI bank also includes seven extra sets of percussion sounds which are compatible with Roland s GS instruments Besides the large number of useful instrument sounds and the ability to play back General MIDI files from other sources the General MIDI bank makes the PC88 well suited to development of General MIDI scores for publishing educational and multimedia applications General MIDI is now the preferred medium of exchange for music files among musicians on floppy disk CD ROM and on line services Bank 2 is Expansion Sounds These sounds are adapted from the Kurzweil Mark 10 series of digital pianos and include keyboards guitars orchestral instruments sound effects and percussion They are not in the same order as the Mark 10 sounds so you shouldn t try to play Mark 10 disk files with them In addition the seven extra GS drum kits appear here as well plus there are five additional percussion sets Bank 3 is called 64 Note Poly
42. to 127 Pan to 64 and so on Whenever you re not sure a setup is playing all its controllers from the in tended starting position simply press panic and re select the setup E 4 PC88 MIDI Setups Default Setup Parameters Generic Template Default Setup Parameters Generic Template Shown below are the Setup parameters for Setup 127 Default Setup which is provided as a generic template with most of its parameters set to their defaults or most basic values Siup27 Default Setup A MIDI Transmit Cont Ctls ctl scale offset curve entry val exit val destination wheel1 down a program slider C none 100 0 entry transmit slider D none 100 0 bank mode pedal 1 none 100 0 prog display pedal 2 none 100 0 linear mone none prog name display pedal 3 none 100 0 linear none none Key Range Note Map type onctl onval offctl offval entry val exit val offset 0 curve Setup act keyrng latch md play ord beats tempo duratn Functions velmode fix vel noteshft shftlimt limtopt gliss ES paved Too Te e To Tt Zone Enable on Musician s Guide E 5 MIDI Setups Default Controller Assignments Internal Voices Default Controller Assignments Internal Voices These are the factory default controller assignments for the Internal Voices Zone 1 only Zones 2 3 and 4 are OFF in Internal Voices mode Parameters of these zones are assigned as in Setup 1
43. to the PC88 s uu physical controllers with a lower case c and MIDI Controllers with an upper case C Any of the physical controllers in any of the Zones can take on the identity of any MIDI Controllers In addition each controller in each Zone can be tweaked just like keyboard velocity You see that controller editing on the PC88 can be very complex but also very rewarding Musician s Guide 5 11 Zone Parameters Controllers The PC88 s physical controllers include in the order they appear in the menu the pitch wheel which is actually split into two controllers one for movement up from the center Wheel 1 Up and the other for movement down Wheel 1 Dn the second wheel often referred to as the modulation wheel Wheel 2 keyboard aftertouch or Mono Pressure MPressure the four sliders A B C and D in the Assignable Controllers section the four continuous control pedals 1 2 3 and 4 the three buttons E F and G in the Assignable Controllers section and the two footswitch pedals 1 and 2 Getting Around As usual the cursor buttons select the various parameters associated with the physical controllers You must scroll through all of the parameters for one physical controller before you get to the parameters for the next physical controller For example if you are looking at Wheel 1 Up and you want to jump to Slider A you have to scroll through the rest of Wheel 1 Up s parameters all of
44. up check the Mem avail parameter from time to time The value when it comes from the factory is 183k once you get below 5k it s time to think about deleting some unnecessary Setups If you don t want to get rid of the Setups entirely use Dump all Setups described below to send your Setups out over the MIDI cable as System Exclusive data You can also dump individual Setups see Dumping a Setup in Chapter 5 By the way the PC88 s memory is battery backed See Chapter 1 for information on this Reset PC88 If you press Enter the display will ask Are You Sure which gives you an important opportunity to think about what you re doing This is a hard reset all of the parameters on the PC88 are set to their initial factory state which includes all Setups and Effects If you aren t concerned about losing any and all work you ve done on the instrument s parameters or if you want to start from scratch then press Enter again and the instrument resets Or press Cancel if you ve had a change of heart There is also a soft reset function which is much kinder and only serves to shut the PC88 up without changing any memorized parameters it s the equivalent of turning the power off and on again but it s gentler on the power supply Soft reset is accomplished by pressing in the numeric keypad the 0 and Clear buttons simultaneously In most circumstances if your MIDI setup starts getting weird and not responding the way you want
45. up the voice Jazz Organ 1 which is A12 Pressing the Next Group button calls up another sound of the same type Jazz Organ 2 The Group Preset number of this new sound is B12 meaning you are playing sound number 12 in the B Group Repeatedly pressing the Next Group button will take you through the rest of the Groups there are more organ sounds in Groups C and D To go back to lower numbered groups use the Previous Group button Or you can press Previous Group and Next Group simultaneously to return to the A group from any of the other groups Press the voice buttons and see what is in the different Groups associated with each one There are 64 factory programmed internal voices in the PC88 filling Groups A through D The groups of voices are shown in an illustration on the following page and are detailed in Appendix A When you select an Internal Voice and a Group the PC88 remembers the association between the Voice and the Group and will go back to the same Group the next time you select that Voice Here s an example If you are playing Jazz Organ 2 which is in Group B and you press Vibes and Next Group to access the Vibes related sound in Group C which happens to be Marimba then go back to Jazz Organ what will be recalled will be Jazz Organ 2 in Group B not the organ sound in Group C Press Vibes again and Marimba in group C appears the association of that button with that Group is remembered as well Th
46. used with any of the 1200 series keyboards or modules or any of the 1000 series instruments that have version 5 software installed Those instruments pre date the adoption of standard Bank Select messages instead they use Program Changes 100 109 as Bank Selects If you select Bank 5 Program 42 for a PC88 Zone for example it will send out Program Change 105 followed by Program Change 42 PC88 program numbers over 99 are not sent Program Number Display PNumDisp is useful because different MIDI instruments and sequencers refer to program numbers differently another ambiguity in the MIDI Spec Some start counting at 0 while others start at 1 Still others arrange them in groups of 8 with the first digit or a letter denoting the group and the second digit denoting the number within the group This parameter allows you to display the program numbers on the PC88 so that they agree with the way your receiving instruments display them It changes nothing in the outgoing MIDI data it s merely a convenience to you so that you aren t constantly adding or subtracting 1 or doing base 8 arithmetic to figure out how to get to specific sounds on your other synths Whenever a program is displayed for this Zone its number will follow the format you choose here The choices are 0 127 for those devices that believe life starts at zero 1 128 for those who start at one 11 88 for instruments that use this scheme primarily Roland A1 H8 for other ins
47. zones Start with this setup for use with external gear A is Zone 1 volume MIDI channel 1 B is Zone 2 volume MIDI channel 2 C is Zone 3 volume MIDI channel 3 D is Zone 4 volume MIDI chan nel 4 Exit values are 127 for all sliders Template Destination is Local only for all zones Start with this setup when you do not want zones to send MIDI out A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume C is Zone 3 volume D is Zone 4 volume Exit values are 127 for all sliders All Zones are Off and have default assignments Pitch Bend Mod Wheel Sustain and Sostenuto All sliders buttons key pressure and CC pedals are unassigned All controller scalings are 10076 curves are linear and offsets are 0 Copy this Setup to a location that you find handy and use it as a starting point for making your own setups E 2 PC88 MIDI Setups VGM Setups 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 64 E Grnd amp Str Piano Combi light n airy auto halo Duo Comp w Bass Fanfare Arps on Strings Harp Accents Meditation CathedralPipes Fusioner Jazz Comp Calypso Layer Lead Tooty Leads Bird Pad 64 note Piano Synth Stack Latin Funk Steppin Delightful VGM Setups oM Zones 1 and 2 are set to matching programs in the Internal Voices and 64 note Poly banks and play odd and even note ranges Activate Zone 4 to add 8va C
48. 27 Default Setup Effects are preset for each Internal Voice and are user assignable Setup Internal Voices Default Zonet ctl scale offset curve entry val exit val Note Map Switch Ctls type onctl onval offctl offval entry val exit val offset 0 curve Setup act keyrng latch md play ord beats tempo duratn Functions velmode fix vel noteshft shftlimt limtopt gliss EN pared Too 2 ww ew Zone Enable on Setup Template Provided on the following two pages is a template to copy and use for recording the settings of the zones in the Setups you create E 6 PC88 MIDI Setups Setup Template etup Name a 7 NEM MEUM A corset cue enbyver exta MIDI channe destination apnerng Key Range Note Map Switch Ctls Ene on ctl onval offctl offval entry val exit val sca gH bren ces button G Scale ofise curve entry val exit va MIDI channe destination ending Key Range Note Map ENE Switch Ctls type onctl onval offctl offval entry val exit val sae emne 1 min max Setup Effects Algorithm rev wet revtime x eff wet eff dly oS 9 8 IE 0 0 o Musician s Guide E 7 MIDI Setups Setup Template etup Name Zones peene VID Cont Cils scale offse curve entry val exit va MIDI channe destination bndang _ SSS
49. E prog name display fs Key Rangel NoeMap Transpose Velocity Switch Ctls type onctl onval offctl offval entry val exit val scale utton prog name display i ll Key Range type onctl onval offctl offval entry val exit val E Ir au A 1j min max act keyrng latch md play ord beats tempo duratn Arpeggiator E Functions vel mode fix vel noteshft shftlimt limtopt gliss Hao pi pa pee E 8 PC88 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification Appendix F Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification Excerpted from MIDI for the Professional by Paul D Lehrman and Tim Tully Copyright 1993 Amsco Publications a division of Music Sales Corporation International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved Reprinted by Permission Of the 128 possible Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Spec many are defined either in terms of being part of a transmitter a receiver or both Controllers 120 and above are reserved for Mode messages and although they can be used for real time expressive purposes it s best not to for fear of confusing some receiving devices The first 64 14 bits The first 64 Controllers were originally designed so that they could be sent in pairs as 14 bit Controllers When Controller pairs are used the lower numbered Controller is sent first and its value is considered the Most Significant Byte MSB of the command The higher numbered Controller follows immediately aft
50. E 1 MIDI Transmit button 5 2 MIDIScope 9 6 Mode messages F 1 Modulation 2 9 5 13 F 1 Momentary switch type 5 15 Mono On F 6 Most Significant Byte MSB F 1 F 4 MPressure 5 11 Music Rack 1 3 N Naming Setups 5 19 Next Group button 3 1 Non Registered Parameter F 4 Normal 7 1 N N Note Map 5 6 Note Shift with Arpeggiator 6 4 Numeric keypad 2 7 O Omni Off F 6 Omni On F 6 Orchestral percussion C 6 P Pan 5 13 F 2 Panic button 2 10 E 4 Parameters 5 1 global 9 1 selecting 4 2 PC88 product description 1 1 unpacking 1 2 using at a gig 10 1 using in MIDI composing studio 10 2 using in recording studio 10 1 PC88mx 1 7 Musician s Guide Index 3 Pedal connections 2 2 Pedal controllers default settings 2 2 Pedals 5 11 5 17 Piano voices 440 tuned 3 3 Pitch Bend Sensitivity F 5 Pitch Down 5 13 Pitch Up 5 13 Pitchbend down 2 9 Pitchbend Range 5 2 Pitchbend up 2 9 Play Order with Arpeggiator 6 3 PNameDisp 5 6 PNumDisp 5 5 Poly On F 6 Polyphony 64 note 5 7 Portamento 5 13 F 3 Portamento Control F 4 Portamento Switch F 1 F 4 Portamento Time F 1 F 4 Power connection 2 1 Pressure 5 13 Previous Group button 3 1 Program with MIDI Receive 8 1 Program button 5 3 Program Change commands 3 2 Program Decrement 5 14 Program Increment 5 14 Program Name Display 5 6 Program numbers 3 2 displaying 5 5 R Receive 8 1 Receive Transpose 9 4 Recording studio using PC88 in 10 1
51. Enter and Cancel buttons act as Yes and No for when the display asks you a question The Enter button is also used in Intuitive Entry mode Intuitive Entry The PC88 includes a feature called Intuitive Entry This has three modes in one when a parameter is being displayed you can enter a value for it using a physical controller or key thus avoiding the Alpha wheel and numeric keypad In the second you can avoid scrolling Musician s Guide 2 7 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls through long lists of parameters to find the one you want to adjust In the third you can instantly select a MIDI Receive channel to audition and edit We ll refer to the more conventional way of getting around the instrument as Direct Entry Value setting The value setting mode of Intuitive Entry lets you use any physical controller including the keyboard to adjust a parameter shown on the display Press and hold down the Enter button on the numeric keypad and move any controller or play a note The value of the parameter will change to reflect the position of the controller or the number of the note Here s an example Press Transpose With Direct Entry you would move the Alpha wheel to set the value of this parameter Press and hold Enter and move one of the four controller sliders it doesn t matter which Watch the Transpose value in the display change The slider covers the entire range from 127 to 127 H
52. Hat 27 D 1 HighQ EXC1 Pedal Hi Hat 28 El Slap EXC1 Open Hi Hat 29 F1 Scratch Push EXC1 30 F 1 Scratch Pull Ride Cymbal 31 G1 Sticks 32 G 1 Square Click Metronome m AL Chick 34 A 1 Metronome Bell 35 Bl KickDrum2 Sone Bass Drum 2 36 C2 Kick Drum 1 Gated Kick Elec Bass Drum Bass Drum Concert Bass Drum 1 37 C42 SideStick Rim Shot 38 D2 Snare Drum 1 Gated Snare Elec Snare Drum Snare Drum Brush Tap Concert Snare Drum Drum 39 D 2 Hand Clap Brush Slap Castanets 40 E2 Snare Drum 2 Gated Snare Brush Swirl Concert Snare Drum Drum 41 F2 Low Tom 2 Room Low Tom 2 Room Low Tom 2 Elec Low Tom 2 Low Tom 2 Timpani F Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat 3 42 F 2 EXC1 EXC1 Timpani F 43 G2 Low Tom 1 Room Low Tom 1 Room Low Tom 1 Elec Low Tom 1 Low Tom 1 Timpani G Pedal Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat 44 G 2 EXC1 EXC1 Timpani G 45 A2 Mid Tom 2 Room Mid Tom 2 Room Mid Tom 2 Elec Mid Tom 2 Mid Tom 2 Timpani A Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat j 46 A82 EXC 1 EXCI Timpani A Musician s Guide C 1 Drum sounds General MIDI GM Standard Kit Mid Tom 1 Room Kit Room Mid Tom 1 Power Kit Room Mid Tom 1 Electronic Kit Elec Mid Tom 1 Synth Kit Mid Tom 1 Brush Kit Orchestra Kit Timpani B Hi Tom 2 Room Hi Tom 2 Room Hi Tom 2 Elec Hi Tom 2 Hi Tom 2 Timpani C Crash Cymbal 1 Timpani C Hi Tom 1 Room Hi Tom 1 Room Hi Tom 1 Elec Hi Tom 1 Hi Tom 1 Timpani D Ride Cymba
53. MIDI input the Arpeggiator will not play Transmit Clock Touch The Transmit Clock parameter determines under which circumstances the PC88 will send Clocks out the MIDI Out jack it has no effect on clocks coming in The choices are Off never On always and Seq for Sequence send Clocks only after a Start or Continue command or when the Arpeggiator is turned on and stop sending when the Arpeggiator is turned off or a Stop command is issued If the PC88 is sending out MIDI Clocks make sure the devices receiving them have their sync parameter set to External Touch lets you adjust the overall feel of the keyboard You can further modify the keyboard response per Setup with the Velocity parameters Effects Change Mode As we ve seen each Internal Voice has an Effect assigned to it and so does each Setup Effects can also be changed from the front panel using the Effects buttons and or the Effects editor 9 2 PC88 Global Parameters which is explained in Chapter 7 and they can also be modified by incoming MIDI Controller commands Sometimes you don t want the Effects to change every time you switch Voices or Setups because it can cause a discontinuity in the sound The Efx Chg Mode parameter lets you decide under what circumstances the Effects will change The choices are Panel will not change when Setups or Internal Voices are changed but will respond to front panel and MIDI Controller commands o
54. Mid Samba Whistle Mid Samba Whistle Mid Samba Whistle Hi Samba Whistle Hi Samba Whistle Hi Samba Whistle House Kick House Kick House Chirp House Stick Click House Stick Click Click Hi House Snare Hi House Snare Agogo Hi House Snare Hi House Snare Agogo Lo House Snare Lo House Snare Synth FX Lo House Snare Lo House Snare Synth FX Lo Hand Claps Hi Hand Claps Lo Hand Claps Hi Hand Claps Lo Hand Claps Hi Hand Claps House Cowbell House Cowbell House Cowbell House Cowbell House Cowbell House Cowbell Metal Clank Metal Clank Metal Clank Vibraslap Vibraslap Vibraslap Fully Open Hi Hat 2 Fully Open Hi Hat 2 Fully Open Hi Hat 2 C 4 PC88 Drum Sounds Latin Percussion Latin Percussion The Latin Percussion kit Program Change 63 in the Expansion Bank on the VGM board offers a variety of Ethnic Percussion sounds a combination of cowbells congas and shakers uniquely designed to allow you to play authentic Latin Cuban and African rhythms using simple scales You can also easily create your own authentic sounding rhythms using this same tech nique The scales below when played correctly will sound the traditional rhythms indicated just above them You need only be sure to play them in the octave indicated and use an even eighth note rhythm throughout The rest is taken care of fo
55. PC88 Musician s Guide KURZWEIL PRAGA 1997 All rights reserved Kurzweil is a product line of Young Chang Co Kurzweil PC88 and VGM are trademarks of Young Chang Co All other products and brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies Product features and specifications are subject to change without notice Part Number 910243 Rev C INSTRUCTIONS PERTAINING TO A RISK OF FIRE ELECTRIC SHOCK OR INJURY TO PERSONS IMPORTANT SAFETY AND INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS WARNING When using electronic Pu basic precautions should always be followed Read all of the Safety and Installation Instructions before using the product Do not use this product near water such as near a bathtub sink in a wet basement near a swimming pool or the like This product in combination with an amplifier and speakers or headphones may be capable of pun sound levels that could cause permanent hearing loss Do not operate for a long period of time at a high volume level or at a level that is uncomfortable If you experience any hearing loss or ringing in the ears you should consult an audiologist The product should be located away from heat sources such as radiators heat registers or other products that produce heat The product should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the product This product is equipped with a polarized line
56. Rock Organ 1 9 B Rock Organ 2 1 1 C Ballad Organ 1 D Full Pipes A Acoustic Bass B A Bass amp Ride 1 4 C Legato A Bass D Leg Bass amp Ride A Stereo Strings B Slo String Pad C Slo Vibes D Slow Digital Pad A Clavinet A Jazz Organ 1 A St Trem Vibes A Dual E Bass B Stereo Clav B Jazz Organ 2 1 2 B Simple Vibes B E Bass amp Ride C Super Clav C Ballad Organ 2 D Organi Clav D Chiffy Pipes D Metal Marimba D Slap E Bass C Marimba C Sustain E Bass 1 5 3 2 PC88 Internal Voices Customizing the Internal Voices Mode Customizing the Internal Voices Mode In keeping with the digital piano concept of the Internal Voices mode and in order to make the PC88 as easy as possible to use the sounds in the Internal Voices are always going to be the same and you cannot change them In Setups mode you can do all sorts of things as we ll soon see You can however change certain aspects of PC88 operation in Internal Voices mode These fall under the category of Zone parameters and are discussed fully in Chapter 5 They work much the same way in Internal Voices mode as in MIDI Setups mode with some important differences The Internal Voices mode uses only one Zone Setups can use up to four so there is only one set of Zone parameters to adjust Even more significantly while in Setups mode each of the 128 possible Setups has its own set of parameters in Internal Voices mode there is a single set of parameter
57. Sostenuto Pedal Controller 66 holds and disables brass for string solo Also lower notes will trigger timpani on hard strikes PB Sostenuto Pedal Controller 66 raises pitch B 2 PC88 Drum sounds General MIDI Appendix C Drum sounds General MIDI This list shows the drum sounds and sound effects on the VGM board that are available when the PC88 is in General MIDI mode The different sets are accessed by sending the PC88 the appropriate program change number on Chan nel 10 These numbers assume the Program Number Display parameter is set for 0 127 add 1 if itis set for 1 128 The GM Jazz Kit Program Change 32 is the same as the GM Standard Kit and is included for compatibility with GS sequences A sound marked with EXC and a number is an exclusive sound when it is played any other sound marked EXC and the same number will cut off immediately These same sets are available in the VGM Ex pansion Bank 2 with different program change numbers for use when the PC88 is not in GM mode From the Expansion Bank they can be accessed on any MIDI channel An empty box in a set means that that note plays the same sound as in the Standard GM Set GM Standard Kit Room Kit Power Kit Electronic Kit Synth Kit Brush Kit Orchestra Kit GM mode program change no channel 10 only Expansion Bank program change no any channel Closed Hi
58. al Voices you cannot change parameters for just a single voice To change one of the parameters of the Internal Voices first choose the parameter you want to change for example Transposition 12 Then press the Store button followed by the Internal Voices button at the Save Setup xx prompt When the display says Save to Internal Voices you can either press the Enter button to confirm the change or return to Internal Voices mode without making any changes by pressing Internal Voices followed by a Sound Select button See Customizing the Internal Voices Mode in Chapter 3 for some examples of this Musician s Guide 5 1 Zone Parameters MIDI Transmit MIDI Transmit Parameter Values MIDI Channel Off 1 16 Dest Local MIDI Local MIDI BndRng ST 0 127 BndRng ct 0 127 MIDI Channel The first parameter you see after pressing this button is the MIDI channel that the Zone will send data on Setting this to Off turns the Zone off completely no MIDI data and no local sound either A Zone that is off will have a dark Zone button Destination The second parameter press the right cursor button is the destination Dest of the data being generated in the Zone Data can be sent either to the PC88 s sounds Local which includes the VGM sounds if the board is installed out the MIDI Out jack MIDI or both Local MIDI Note that if MIDI is not selected and you play the PC88 into a sequ
59. ally since a MIDI note on with velocity zero is something else So to get true inverse scaling that is 100 you must set an offset of 127 to get the full range of velocities Setting the offset to 127 and the scale to 100 produces a slope like this 127 MIDI Velocity Cc E 0 64 127 Strike Velocity Velocity Curve Vel Curve lets you taper the velocity response The default setting is Linear which means that the output velocity changes directly proportionally to the played velocity Sin sets the taper to resemble the first quarter cycle of a sine wave in which there is a bulge as the velocity increases from 1 to 64 If you start playing softly and then progressively louder the response will increase more quickly than normal until you reach the middle of the velocity Musician s Guide 5 9 Zone Parameters Velocity MIDI Velocity range If you keep playing harder the sound will continue to get louder but the increase will be less than it would be normally Cos sets the taper to resemble a cosine wave in which the bulge goes the other way the change in response is slower than normal as you approach the velocity midpoint and then increases faster than normal as you play harder 127 k Velocity Curve Linear a 1 as you hit the keys harder increase the i velocity MIDI velocity increases proportionally 7 Velocity Curve Sin ri MIDI
60. am Increment Prog Inc 132 Moving the controller takes the Zone to the next highest Voice and sends out the next highest Program Change number Program Decrement Prog Dec 133 takes the Zone to the next lowest Voice and sends out the next lowest Program Change Goto Program Goto Prog 134 Selects an entirely different Voice for the Zone The Voice number is the On value Setup Increment Setup Inc 135 takes the PC88 to the next highest Setup and sends out all of the appropriate Exit and Entry values When you change Setups it s quite possible that theSetup you go to won t have the same controller configuration as the current Setup and that this command won t be in the same place or even present at all in the next Setup Therefore you may only be able to use this controller once before it turns itself off or turns into something else Setup Decrement Setup Dec 136 takes the PC88 to the next lowest Setup Goto Setup 137 Selects a specific Setup In this special case the controller values are 1 128 to match the Setup numbers Sequence Start Seq Start 138 sends out a MIDI Start command which will set an external sequencer connected to the PC88 to the beginning of its sequence and start it If the sequencer is set up to accept external sync The tempo of the external sequence will be determined by the settings of the clock parameters in the Global menu and the Tempo setting Sequence Stop Seq Stop 139 stops
61. ame Registered and Non Registered Parameters Controllers 98 101 Decimal Hex Name Non Registered Parameter Least Significant Byte LSB Non Registered Parameter Most Significant Byte MSB Registered Parameter Least Significant Byte LSB Registered Parameter Most Significant Byte MSB Registered and Non Registered Parameters combine three commands The first two define the Parameter to be changed the first is the Parameter number s Least Significant Byte LSB and the second its Most Significant Byte F 4 PC88 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification MSB The third command is a Data Slider 06 followed by the desired value or else a Data Increment or Decre ment 96 or 97 which increases or decreases the current value of the selected Parameter by 1 Non Registered Parameters can be anything a manufacturer wants them to be any parameter in a synthesizer sam pler effects device mixing console lighting controller etc that is remotely addressable can be set up as a Non Reg istered Parameter Registered Parameters however have certain specific functions which are defined in the MIDI Specification These are Decimal Hex Name Applications MSB LSB MSB LSB Pitch Bend Sensitivity Range of the Pitch Bend wheel with the MSB referring to semitones and the LSB to cents 1 100ths of a semitone The PC88 transmits and responds to this message BndRng Fine Tunin
62. ame Applications and notes General Purpose 5 8 Similar to 16 19 and 48 51 The PC88 uses 83 to set Algo rithms for the Internal effects processor Portamento Control When Portamento Switch 41H is turned on and Portamento Time 05H is not zero the value of this Controller is the number of the note at which the glide will start Undefined The PC88 uses 90 to set Algorithms for the VGM effects processor Effect 1 Depth Most commonly used as an effects send but can be used for any effects related control Roland GS instruments use this as a reverb send The PC88 uses this for Reverb Wet con trol of the Internal effects processor Effect 2 Depth The PC88 uses this for Reverb Wet control of the VGM effects processor Effect 3 Depth Roland GS instruments use this as a chorus send The PC88 uses this for Effects Wet control of the Internal effects processor Effect 4 Depth The PC88 uses this for Effects Wet control of the VGM effects processor Effect 5 Depth Similar to 91 Data Increment The transmitter is a button usually labelled 1 or Yes so this is a unipolar controller with only one value 127 On Similarly to Data Entry 06 the receiver is any parameter change and this can be used in conjunction with Registered and Non Registered parameters 98 101 Data Decrement The opposite of 96 the transmitting button is labelled 1 or No Receivers are the s
63. amily contains a total of four variations The groups are labelled A B C and D and these labels appear at the upper right of the display The PC88 remembers the group that your last selection of any instrument came from Say for example you press Classical Piano and then Next Group to hear Voice 16 Class Piano 440 The display shows B01 meaning you re in group B Voice 1 Then select another Voice in a different group say 11 Jazz Organ 1 A12 The next time you select Classical Piano it will remember that the Classical Piano Voice you last used was from group B and it will call up Class Piano 440 not some other Classical Piano sound from another group For your convenience the PC88 even remembers your group selections across power cycles In Setup mode the Select buttons work in a similar way except that because all setups are user programmable there s no direct correspondence between the names printed on the panel and any of the Setups Furthermore they do not remember the group that your last selection came from There is room for 128 Setups in the PC88 and they are arranged in groups A through H with the group letter at the bottom left of the display Unlike Internal Voices Setups in different groups that share a common number are not necessarily related Zone Buttons Moving to the left of the display immediately under the label Zone Select and Assignable Controllers are the four Zone buttons T
64. ang Distributors 111 PSS Specifications A SAS ES TAS iv A A O iv Electrical tall a a E ETEN iv Environmental asias a iv DUO iv Intr d cine the POSS cC 1 1 For People Who Never Read Manuals arta aria aca id ese 1 1 tl AA es amada sp sats a enone cea ease 1 2 STUD eni uses dee as ceti esM NE Ln add DEI E MM ET 1 2 Installing the Music Rack ia 1 3 Demo Seule e odds 1 3 Interndb VOICES O 1 4 ssien Controla 1 4 MEDESEUIDS oe erepti epi ame tM A AR 1 5 lois PN 1 7 Just the Beermnimg 5 soot oe arr toa acest ONDE uf Ue ed I ERR das 1 7 A Note About the VGM Board and the PC88mx sese 1 7 Checking Battery Voltage Leve eee deve oie A a A us 1 8 Setup Connections and Controls eroe eonun eo ero ono nonna duo Ya Vo rH soxsevectsessusccsseensesvessesensnesensssveveessns 2 1 Bettini The RO 353 adesto E made 2 1 CONDECUORS tia ss 2 1 O S 2 1 SAU tto ts ets EM cnet RE sas cette weakens Lut Oeo 2 1 PSS cc eed v s asiatico 2 2 MIDP a dose eta ea Salle dva cade lad te arte ENDE A Dur et 2 2 Lront Pane OO ceu eta DOM TAa A sage tea usce i 2 3 Display eC E saanasdesaceasvasnadeteseaateivaraceasseeceentes 2 3 CUBANA 2 3 sound Set p Selina a nda 2 4 OA see ceeaNadcas 2 4 Zoe Parameters Aree ote i T dene M es uus 2 5 birra d PM CE 2 7 AN 2 7 Jump Ed ii
65. annel as well as a complete set of other parameters all of which come into play when the Zone is un muted A Zone that is turned off has no MIDI channel It generates no data until you give it a MIDI channel to make it active or switch to a different Setup in which that Zone is active Color Green Green Red Orange None but another is Red State Active Active Soloed Muted Off not Soloed Data Generated Notes v x v x x Controllers v v v x x Program number v v v v x Entry and Exit values v v v v x You can quickly disable and enable an individual sound or a MIDI instrument by changing a Zone s button from green to orange This can be very useful for live performance to bring layers of sound in and out quickly When you save a Setup the mute and solo statuses of the Zones are stored along with the rest of the parameters and when you recall the Setup those statuses are automatically enabled So you could call up a Setup that has one Zone Soloed and instantly add instruments by turning off Solo Or you can call up a Setup that has one or more muted Zones and un mute them as you play To turn off a Zone press MIDI Transmit and move the alpha wheel counterclockwise to the left past 01 until the MIDI Channel parameter changes to Off The Zone is now completely disabled the light in its button goes off Press the Program button Where you would normally see a program name it now says Zone Off
66. any external sequencer Sequence Continue Seq Cont 140 starts an external sequencer from wherever it happens to be This is either where it was stopped by a Stop command or where it was sent by a MIDI Song Position Pointer message The PC88 doesn t transmit Song Position Pointers but most sequencers do Transpose Up Trans Up 141 raises the pitch of the Voice and also raises the MIDI note numbers generated by the Zone The amount of transposition is variable from 1 to 127 Transpose Down Irans Down 142 lowers the pitch of the Voice and lowers the MIDI note numbers After you ve selected the MIDI command associated with a continuous physical controller you can modify the controller s response similarly to the ways you can modify velocity response Refer to the graphs beginning on page 5 8 for illustrations of the velocity scaling parameters Ctrl Scale lets you amplify or diminish the action of the controller Full scale 0 127 is 100 Higher values will make the controller more sensitive and lower values will make it less so Setting the scale to a negative number makes the controller action work in reverse As with velocity you can use a controller to crossfade between two Zones by setting the scaling for one Zone positive and the other negative Maximum scale values are 300 and 300 Ctrl Offset adds or subtracts a constant to the controller and at the same time sets minimum or maximum values there s no need for separate Max
67. are also operational The table below summarizes the PC88 s Internal Voices showing the four groups available from each front panel button Use Previous Group and Next Group to move between groups A Stage Piano A Digital EPno A Digital E Grand A Strings 1 B Stage Piano 440 9 B St Trem Digital 4 B Warm E Grand 5 B Att Vel Strings 7 C Bright Piano C FM amp Marimba C Tight E Grand C Touch Strings D Tack Piano D E Pno amp Marimba D St Hec Grand D amp Strings A Classical Piano A Classic E Pno s E Stage Piano amp Str i A Harpsichord B ClassPiano 440 B Dyn Hard E Pno e B Dyn Pno amp Str Pad gt B Stereo Harpsi C Sustain Piano 1 e C Phodes amp Vibes 3 e e C Digi Pno amp Str Pad 6 e C 8ve Harpsichord 8 D Sus Piano 440 D Suitcase E Pno gt 7 DiAc Gtr amp Str Pad gt D Pedals Harpschrd e e e e e e e e Classic Piano Stage Piano Classic Piano Digital E Piado Electric Grand Piano amp Strings Strings Harpsichord e O e e e e 0000000000000 0000000000000 4 0000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000 l00000000090000 90000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000 l00000000090000 0000000000000 0000000000000 0000000000000 Acoustic Guitar Clav Rock Organ Jazz Organ Vibes Acoustic Bass Hectric Bass Synth Pad 000090000 A Acoustic Guitar B 12 str Guitar C Ruid Guitar D St Clav Guitar A
68. bal and Metronome Click are two special voices that are layered with the E Bass amp Ride and A Bass amp Ride Internal Voices Metronome click is available as the notes A0 and A 0 which happen to be the lowest two notes on the keyboard when you use the default key range and transposition Ride cymbal is included along with the bass notes check out Setups 1 and 2 A Piano Trio and E Piano Trio to see how useful this can be and is also assigned to the notes that are above the range of the bass You can get the ride cymbal by itself without the bass sound by setting Note Map to Const on the Key Range menu then going to the Transpose menu and transposing above the range of the bass Musician s Guide 3 3 Internal Voices The VGM Banks The VGM Banks WGM The optional VGM board adds three extra Banks of instruments to the PC88 s internal sounds A Bank is different from a PC88 Group A Bank is defined by the MIDI Specification and it can have 128 different programs while a Group has only 16 programs When talking about the various banks we ll refer to the Internal Voices bank we ve just been playing with as the Internal sounds or Bank 0 because that is its bank number when selected over MIDI To look at the different banks press the Program button in the Zone Parameters section and then the left cursor button The display will now show the name of the Bank on the bottom line with its number and
69. ble for the letters D E and F and so on To change the case of a letter from UPPER to lower or the other way around use the button To get numbers into a name use the 0 button press it repeatedly to scroll through the digits 0 through 9 The Clear button makes the current letter a space To insert a space press the E button in the Assignable Controllers section To delete a letter press the F button and to move the cursor instantly to the end of the name in the display press G Cancel works the same way with letters as it does with numerical parameter values use it if you want to start over or forget the whole thing The PC88 s preset voices and Setups in ROM can never be erased You can however save over them into RAM with the same number If you subsequently delete the program in RAM the preset ROM program will again be stored at that number Dumping a Setup From the Store function press the right cursor button gt gt gt twice and you will come to Dump setup This allows you to transmit the parameters that make up this Setup over MIDI System Exclusive to another PC88 or to a sequencer if it is capable of recording Sysex messages or other MIDI storage device so that they can be recalled at another time If you are using complex Setups it s always a good idea to have them stored externally so you can load them back into the PC88 should something go wrong with the memory or if you have to do a hard
70. board installed there are actually two effects processors available identical but independently programmable Parameters for the Internal effects processor are labelled Int in the display and those for the VGM processor are labelled VGM Effects editing is handled in the Zone Parameters press the Effects button there The table below summarizes the options Parameter Values IntFx 1 48 Int Rev Wet 0 127 Int Rev Time 0 127 Int Eff Wet 0 127 Int Eff Delay 1 350 VGMFx 1 48 VGM Rev Wet 0 127 VGM Rev Time 0 127 VGM Eff Wet 0 127 VGM Eff Delay 1 350 Musician s Guide 7 1 Effects Editing Saving Effects Internal Effects IntFx shows the algorithm or combination of effects that will be applied to the Internal sounds These correspond with the various button combinations from the Effects section of the PC88 s front panel as you scroll through the Algorithms you can see the lights in the Effects section change in accordance with the Algorithms For example when Algorithm 1 None is showing all the lights are off Move up to Algorithm 5 Room Bright and the lights will glow next to Room and Bright Go to Algorithm 6 RoomBrt Ch1 and the lights show Room Bright and Chorus1 The correspondence works both ways If you have the Algorithm on the display and you change the effects using the Effects buttons the Algorithm will change accordingly Internal Reverb Wet Once
71. can change this with the Transpose parameter 5 6 PC88 Zone Parameters Transpose Alternating Maps Alternating maps can be used when you are addressing multiple synthesizers that can play the same sound to increase the apparent polyphony of your system An obvious use of alternating note maps is with the 64 Note Poly instruments on the VGM V M board The instruments in this Bank are exact duplicates of some of the sounds in the Internal Voices bank By assigning all of the odd numbered notes to the Internal Voices and all of the even numbered notes to the duplicates on the VGM board which have the same names U preceded by v you can achieve 64 voice polyphony within the PC88 An example of how this is done is found in Setup 49 64 note Piano The MIDI channel of Zone 1 is 1 Its Bank is Internal Voices and its Program is 000 Classical Piano Look at its Key Range map it is set to 1 of 2 Only odd numbered notes played on the keyboard will play sounds from the Internal Voices bank Now go to Zone 2 Its MIDI channel is 2 its Bank is 64 Note Poly and its program is also 000 vClassical Piano which is an exact copy of the sound in the Internal Voices bank Its Key Range however is 2 of 2 Only even numbered notes will play the sounds on this Bank in the VGM board Since each Bank can support 32 voices by itself combining them in this way gives you 64 voices unless you happen to play m
72. channels to Bank 1 General MIDI and some to the Expansion Voices Bank 2 to take advantage of all of the sounds the instrument has to offer without having to go searching for them Most of the time you only need to use one Zone the computer will normally channelize all of the MIDI data so there s no advantage in sending data on different channels Assign all of the physical controllers to different useful MIDI Controllers which will give you maximum flexibility when laying tracks If the sequencer will pass multiple MIDI channels then use multiple Zones either splitting or layering them Assign some of your physical controllers to MIDI signal processors so that they can adjust parameters like delay time or feedback reverb decay time flanging filtering or pitch shift Set a Switch pedal to Stop and Continue the sequencer don t set it to Start or you ll always find yourself back at the beginning and the use the PC88 s Internal clock with tempo assigned to a slider to control the sequencer s tempo If you have synthesizers that do special things when they are in mono mode for example Yamaha DX and TX series synths let you do true legato Oberheim Matrix synths put all the voices in unison for a very fat sound and Casio CZ synths go into a multi channel single note mode then set up a button with Controller 126 Mono On as the On Controller the value doesn t matter but it shouldn t be zero and Controller 127 Poly On as the Off
73. d Controls Front Panel Controls The first one is Arpeggiator The PC88 has a sophisticated arpeggiator for live performance or sequencing or just fooling around The menu includes controls for tempo interval note duration and direction Each Setup has its own Arpeggiator settings See Chapter 6 Effects lets you edit the on board reverb chorus and delay Each Setup has one set of Effects parameters associated with it The effects are editable see Chapter 7 MIDI Receive turns on and off individual MIDI channels in the PC88 and also shows which program is assigned to each channel when you re using an external sequencer Chapter 8 discusses using a sequencer with the PC88 The Global button s menu includes many parameters for both local and MIDI operation they are detailed in Chapter 9 These include Turning local control on and off for the entire instrument which is very useful in a sequencer setup Allowing synchronization to external clocks Turning on and off the PC88 s MIDI Clock generator Adjusting the feel of the keyboard Indicating whether or not you want effects to change when you change voices or Setups Setting a parameter that tells the instrument to change Setups immediately whenever it receives an appropriate command or to wait before changing until all of the keys being played are released Using an external MIDI device to change the PC88 s setups Rerouting incoming MIDI data according to the chan
74. d up to the third B Press the Zone 2 button to listen to and work on the second zone still in Solo mode Let s use a different technique to set the key limits of this zone With the cursor under the Hi value press and hold the Enter button in the numeric keypad to the right of the Alpha wheel While you re holding it play the note B4 the B above the key marked C4 The display shows that the note you ve played has become the high limit of the zone Use the lt lt lt button to move the cursor to the Low limit press and hold Enter and play C3 an octave below C4 The low limit is now defined as C3 This is another example of the Intuitive entry editing technique Now let s put a different program into this zone Press the button labelled Strings and the Previous Group button if necessary until the display reads 0 006 in the top right corner You ve chosen the first internal string sound for this zone Go to Zone 3 set the range from C5 an octave above C4 to B6 and select Digital E Piano as the voice If you want to see the name of the program and not just the number press the Program button This menu allows you to select any of the programs by scrolling pressing the sound select buttons or by typing in program numbers For now if necessary press the Previous Group button until the display shows Program 3 Digital EPiano Note the asterisk next to the Zone number this tells you that the current Zone is
75. de only one note can sound at atime and overlapping notes result in change of pitch without re attacking Hold 2 or Freeze A second hold pedal that sustains a portion of the sound like the middle pedal on an upright piano or that triggers an alter nate Release segment like 40H Sound Controllers 70 79 These ten Controllers officially known as Sound Controllers 1 10 have been set up to allow a common and easy way to accomplish real time control over a variety of timbral characteristics of a sound in any synthesizer without having to deal with individual manufacturers System Exclusive commands Exactly how these Controllers work is entirely up to the manufacturer and the user doesn t have to know about it all he or she needs to know is that increasing Controller 74 makes the sound brighter Decimal Hex Name Applications and notes Sound Variation Deliberately vague Once upon a time this Controller was Velocity Replace but it was never implemented by any body Harmonic Content Richness or intensity of timbre PC88 default assignment is Button E Release Time Length of release portion of envelope PC88 default assign ment is Slider D Attack Time Length of attack portion of envelope Brightness High end content Sound Controllers 6 10 Undefined Musician s Guide F 3 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification Controllers 80 97 Decimal Hex N
76. e mute all the others by pressing the Solo button The current Zone s button turns red Pressing any other Zone button will solo its Zone Pressing Solo again turns the other Zones back on Zones that are not Soloed will still transmit non note information A Zone that has been turned off will have a dark button and will show Off in the display If you Solo a dark Zone you will hear nothing Second Data Entry Remember there are two methods of entering data for most parameters Direct Entry using the Alpha wheel decrement increment buttons or the numeric keypad and Intuitive Entry using sliders pedals wheels buttons or notes Also remember that most of the Parameter buttons access menus of two or more parameters so don t get confused if you don t see the parameter you want immediately after pressing a button Pressing a Parameter button always goes to the first item on its menu even if you re already in the menu To get to other parameters in the menu use the left and right cursor buttons directly underneath the display Information about storing Zone parameters to a Setup is on page 5 19 The section below discusses storing Zone parameters with the PC88 s Internal Voices Zone Parameters and Internal Voices The PC88 s Internal Voices have only one active Zone Zone 1 Saving Zone parameters to Internal Voices is a little different than saving to a Zone in a Setup since any parameter you change will affect all Intern
77. e MULTI mode to assign different programs to each MIDI channel Any control change can be sent by the PC88 Mode 1 OMNI ON POLY Mode 2 OMNI OFF MONO O yes Mode 3 OMNI OFF POLY Mode 4 OMNI OFF MONO X no 100 101 116 117 118 119 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
78. e keyboard to set this parameter holding the Enter button and playing a note C4 is no transposition above that is up and below it is down To enter negative numbers on the numeric keypad use the button any time before you press Enter e g to enter 100 you can press 1 0 0 Enter or 1 0 0 Enter or 1 0 0 Enter etc Musician s Guide 5 7 Zone Parameters Velocity Velocity Parameter Values Vel Scale 300 to 300 Vel Offset 127 to 127 Vel Curve Linear Sin Cos Vel Min 1 to 127 Vel Max 1 to 127 The PC88 can respond to keyboard velocity how hard you play the keys ina variety of ways Each Zone can have its own velocity response settings and any change you make in a Zone affects both local sounds and outgoing MIDI data Variations in velocity response are useful if you want to customize the feel of the keyboard or if you are working with a synthesizer or patch that responds strangely to velocity or for special dynamic effects You can design a Setup for example where certain instruments perhaps horns or strings only play when you strike the keys with a high velocity Velocity Scale MIDI Velocity Vel Scale lets you amplify or diminish velocity response Normal response is 100 Higher values make the keyboard more sensitive you don t need to play as hard to get more sound while lower values make it less sensitive playing harder doesn t change th
79. e sound as much You can also set the scale to a negative number in which case the velocity response is turned upside down playing harder produces a softer sound and vice versa See the following section on Velocity Offset for ideas about negative scaling A neat thing to try is to set up two Zones with opposite scale factors so that key velocity acts as a crossfade between the two sounds Maximum scale values are 300 and 300 The illustration that follows shows what happens when you change Velocity Scale Note that Velocity Scale is the only parameter changed in this example the other parameters are set to their defaults offset 0 curve linear min 1 max 127 127 j _ Velocity Scale 100 as you strike the keys harder increase the velocity MIDI velocity increases proportionally Velocity Scale 200 MIDI velocity reaches maximum on medium strike velocity 64 aer O O Tema Velocity Scale 50 cem MIDI velocity never reaches maximum even on ad maximum strike velocity 127 64 Strike Velocity Velocity Offset Vel Offset also changes the response but in a more direct way by adding or subtracting a constant to the key velocity For example if this is set to 25 assuming a scale of 100 then 25 is added to the velocity of every keystroke making the sound that much louder The softest possible keystroke will have a value of 25 while a keystroke with velocity of 102 will produce t
80. e sure the feet don t get in the way of the stand s supports A figure in Chapter 1 illustrates the recommended attachment points for the feet Connections Power Audio Power is supplied by an external AC power supply it helps the balance and keeps the weight down since you asked Use only the unit supplied with your PC88 and make sure the power switch on the rear panel of the PC88 is off the side with the white dot is out before connecting the power supply The black box containing the transformer plugs into a wall socket or power strip and the small plug on the end of the wire goes into the jack marked 9 5V AC In on the rear panel A protruding plastic strain relief is next to the power socket wrap the wire once around it before plugging it into the jack and this will prevent damage should the cord ever be yanked A figure in the Setup section of Chapter 1 shows how to do this If you are using the PC88 in a different country from the one you bought it in make sure the power supply is the correct one for that country s AC power Contact your dealer for information Audio connections are 1 4 inch unbalanced for use with a standard instrument amplifier or mixer To use the PC88 with a hi fi system you will need cables with 1 4 jacks on one end and RCA phono plugs on the other Use only the Left Mono jack if you want to listen in mono for example if you have only a one speaker instrument amplifier or only a
81. ect its MIDI transmission status when you go back to your Setup if a Zone is assigned to this channel the keyboard will continue to send data to all of the Zone s selected destinations Program The Program for the channel is chosen in the usual way either with the Select and Group buttons or the Alpha wheel or numeric keypad or using Intuitive Entry If you have the VGM board installed you can choose from any of its banks 1 3 as well as the PC88 s Internal Voices bank 0 The numeric keypad can be used to change banks quickly with the button acting as a colon between the bank number and the program number Example to get program 50 in the General MIDI bank press 1 5 0 and Enter When you change the program you will hear the new sound on the keyboard and a Program Change command as well as a Bank Select is sent out the MIDI cable on the current channel If the current channel is assigned to one of the Zones in the Setup you ve been working with selecting a new program in MIDI Receive mode will change the program on the corresponding Zone You ll hear the change when you go back to the Setup If you choose a bank that doesn t have any internal sounds the Bank Select and Program Change commands will still get sent over MIDI but the PC88 will be silent and the display will say None This provides an excellent way to configure a large MIDI system you can quickly select programs for all instruments downstream of
82. ed on however the Arpeggiator clever little devil looks at the difference between E5 and D5 a whole step and applies it to the starting note raising it by a whole step from C3 to D3 Subsequent notes will then be A3 E4 and B4 Then it will see that the next note F 5 would be a major third above the limit and so it applies that interval to the starting point and you get E3 and the beat goes on Flt Unip uses the same concept and applies it to the Unipolar mode when it reaches the limit the Arpeggiator calculates the difference between the next note and the limit and transposes all subsequent notes by that interval even though they re now going in the opposite direction Flt Bipl does the same thing with the Bipolar mode after the limit is exceeded in one direction notes are transposed by the usual interval and when the cycle goes back and reaches the opposite end another calculation is done and subsequent notes are transposed according to that interval which is going to be in the opposite direction of the first transposing interval and not necessarily the same distance The Arpeggiator can be a lot of fun even if you don t always understand exactly what it s doing Keep in mind that the stranger the algorithm you set up the more unlikely the notes will stay close to one key so if you want to create something that s going to sound at all diatonic keep it simple Musician s Guide 6 5 The Arpeg
83. encer you may hear nice sounds but the sequencer won t record anything from this Zone Generally speaking each Zone will have its own MIDI channel This is necessary if you want to layer sounds on the PC88 If two Zones have the same MIDI channel and destination but they have different Program settings there will be conflicts no MIDI device including the PC88 can respond correctly to two different simultaneous Program Change commands on one channel The result will be that only one Program Change will be recognized but every note played will sound double This can create unpredictable odd timing effects and will reduce polyphony by 5076 There will however be occasions when stacking Zones on the same MIDI channel might come in handy One such situation would be if you would like a physical controller on the PC88 to send data out on two different numbered MIDI controllers on the same channel In this case you must create two Zones assigned to the same channel but with different controller assignments If a receiving synth is using Controller 1 for modulation depth and Controller 13 for modulation speed for example you can increase both the depth and the speed with one slider by assigning that slider in Zone 1 to 1 and in Zone 2 to 13 and assigning both zones to the same MIDI channel You will probably want to do something to make sure you aren t sending doubled notes Use the Key Range parameter to make sure the two zones aren t s
84. er or amplifier and set your system up to listen in stereo If you have another MIDI instrument run a cable from the PC88 s MIDI Out jack to the MIDI In of that synth Connect the supplied switch pedal to the jack labelled Switch Pedals 1 Locate the small plug at the end of the wire on the power supply Locate the 9 5V AC In socket on the rear panel Next to the socket is a protruding plastic strain relief T Wrap the wire once not too tightly around the strain relief and insert the plug into the socket as shown below Power 9 5V ACIn MIDI Select MIDI In Thru E Out i T Now plug the large end of the power supply into an AC socket Turn on the power by pushing in theside of the switch with the white dot The two line LCD display in the middle of the instrument comes to life and welcomes you to the PC88 Turn up the audio and we re ready to go 1 2 PC88 Introducing the PC88 Demo Sequence Installing the Music Rack Installing the PC88 s optional music rack is a simple procedure that requires only a Phillips screwdriver To install the music rack first remove the four screws on the back panel of the PC88 as shown in the illustration below Then use these screws to attach the music rack bracket making sure that the rounded edge of this bracket is towards the top When you have installed this bracket slide the music rack in from the top as shown in the illustration Installing the PC88
85. er that will be up two whole steps a major third the following one will be up three whole steps an augmented fourth and so forth The values can be from 12 to 12 with 0 the default being no transposition 6 4 PC88 The Arpeggiator Shift Limit What happens when you transpose so far that the resulting notes are out of range That s where the Shift Limit parameter comes in This number determines how far up or down the Arpeggiator will play from the original note The minimum value is 0 which is admittedly not of much use and the maximum is 88 When the Arpeggiator reaches the limit one of several things will happen as determined by the Limit Opt parameter Limit Option If Limit Opt is set to Stop then when the Arpeggiator has shifted notes up or down to the limit it stops playing If it is set to Reset then when it reaches the limit the Arpeggiator goes back to its original pitch and starts over again continuing to transpose as it plays If the limit allows the notes to go out of MIDI range for example if you set Shift to 12 set the limit to 80 and play C4 then those ghost notes will not sound but they will take up rhythmic space the Arpeggiator will wait for the cycle to play itself out before starting over Unipolar means the Arpeggiator will play the last note before it reaches the limit and then start shifting notes in the opposite direction using the same interval When it gets back to its star
86. ere s another Press Key Range under Zone Parameters to look at the key range of the current zone Hold down the Enter button and play a note That note is now the low limit of the range Press the right cursor gt gt gt button press and hold Enter again and play another note This sets the high limit And one more example Press Controllers The display says Wheel 1 Up Ctrl Num Pitch Up Moving the Alpha wheel clockwise will scroll you through a dozen or so assorted functions while moving it counter clockwise will scroll down through 128 MIDI controllers Getting to something at the the other end of the list can be pretty time consuming so there s an alternative press and hold Enter grab a slider and shove it to the bottom of its range You re now at the beginning of the list None If you d like to be somewhere else in the list move the slider accordingly At all times the Alpha Wheel and and buttons are active so if Intuitive Entry doesn t get you exactly where you want to go you can make fine adjustments with them Any continuous foot pedals can be used to perform Intuitive Entry and so can the modulation and pitch wheels Parameter Selecting The second way to use Intuitive Entry is used only when assigning physical controllers Normally when you press the Controllers button the display shows Wheel 1 Up and you can now assign a MIDI command to the upper half of the pitch wheel If you want to adjust a different p
87. ernal Proa From this display use any data entry method to change the program number Entry Transmit The next parameter on the Program menu press the right cursor button twice if you have to is Entry Transmit If it is set to On then whenever you select this Setup the program number assigned to the Zone will immediately be sent out as a Program Change command on the Zone s MIDI channel assuming that MIDI is one of the destinations When it is Off no program change is sent from the Zone when the Setup is called A Bank Select command may or may not accompany the Program Change as we re about to see 5 4 PC88 Zone Parameters Program Bank Mode Bank Mode determines if bank numbers will be sent over MIDI when the Setup is selected and in what format None means no bank number is sent just the program number Ctl 0 means that the bank number is sent as a MIDI Controller 0 message Ctl 32 means it is sent as MIDI Controller 32 Ctl 0 32 means it is sent as a dual controller two byte message with the MSB of the bank number sent as Controller 0 and the LSB as Controller 32 Single byte Bank Select messages either 0 or 32 allow you to specify banks numbered 0 127 Two byte messages allow you to specify banks numbered 0 16 383 With 128 programs per bank this allows you to access 2 097 152 different programs on one instrument Have a good time and call us when you re done Seriously if all this seems bizarre
88. erwards with the Least Significant Byte LSB Combined the two Controllers constitute a single message with a resolution of 16 384 discrete values as opposed to the 128 available with a single Controller The MIDI Specification says that an MSB can be sent without an LSB As it turns out with the exception of Bank Select where it is probably the least useful almost nobody has bothered to implement 14 bit controllers in any hardware or software Although the practice is still called for in the MIDI Spec it is essentially moribund and Controllers 33 63 are considered more or less up for grabs Here s how the first 64 Controllers are defined and used Decimal Hex Name Applications and note Bank Select see Chapters 5 8 and 9 Modulation Transmitter is a wheel or lever receiver is usually vibrato depth PC88 default assignment 01 is Wheel 2 Breath Transmitter is a breath controller originally made by Yamaha or part of a wind controller receiver is usually related to loud ness or timbral change Also many early Korg keyboards used this to transmit information from one axis of a joystick undefined Original DX7 used this for aftertouch 04 36 04 24 Foot Pedal Transmitter is a foot pedal receiver is loudness or timbral change PC88 default assignment 04 is Pedal 2 and Slider C 05 37 05 25 Portamento Time Transmitter is a slider receiver controls time to glide from one note to the next when Portamento switch 41H
89. es exactly what you think it does set the level for both the main outputs and the headphone output It does not generate MIDI Volume commands or any other MIDI data Pressing the Panic button is the fastest way to get all sound both within the PC88 and in any MIDI devices that it is connected to to stop It immediately releases all notes in the PC88 plus it sends the MIDI messages All Notes Off and Reset All Controllers on all 16 MIDI channels to the MIDI Out jack If you hold the button down for a few seconds it additionally sends out pitchbend resets pitchbend value of 64 and note off commands for every note on all 16 channels that s 2048 note offs in case you re counting Panic is your friend It can be used to reset your entire MIDI setup to a known state if you ever need to do that which can happen pretty often with a complex setup If you find yourself stuck in MIDI Purgatory and notes that you don t want are sounding from who knows where the Panic button can even save your life and your audience s ears The three buttons in the Effects section allow you to switch among several combinations of effects The first button selects the type of reverb pressing it repeatedly toggles through Room Stage and Hall reverbs in order of increasing reverb time and level The light indicates the current setting Press the button yet again and no light shines indicating that reverb has been turned off The second button controls
90. es mode without saving the edits you made to the Setup by pressing Internal Voices followed by one of the sound select buttons More details about naming and saving setups may be found in Chapter 5 Effects Our last stop on this get acquainted tour is setting the effects You may have noticed as you were changing instruments in the Internal Voices mode that the Effects lights changed as well and so did the reverb and chorus The PC88 is capable of generating a huge variety of reverb and delay effects and each Internal Voice comes with its own effect assigned to it Effects EE Foom MM Bright MN Chorus 1 MM Stage MN Normal MN Chorus 2 Emm Hall Ma Warm MN Delay You can change the effect assigned to a Voice Go back to Internal Voices mode Press the left most button under the Effects label to toggle among Room Stage and Hall type reverbs The lights show what you have selected You can also select no reverb at all the lights go off The middle button lets you adjust the tone color of the reverb Bright Normal or Warm The right button lets you choose from among two Chorus effects a Delay or no effect The reverb and the effects selections are independent of each other so you can use one without the other The effects settings are remembered with each Internal Voice so if you select a different Voice and then come back to this one the effects will be as you left them Just the Beginning That s the quick tour w
91. ess the left cursor button lt lt lt and you can select the bank that the Voice belongs to If you have the VGM board installed you can use any sounds in Banks 1 2 or 3 in a Zone not just the Internal Voices from Bank 0 You can also access an empty bank or Voice doing this means that the Zone will not produce any sound on the PC88 but it will still send a bank and program number as well as notes and controllers to an external MIDI synthesizer whose receive channel matches this Zone s Key Range accesses three parameters Transposition only a single parameter and Velocity as we ve seen earlier five parameters Controllers accesses many parameters All of these are detailed in Chapter 5 Selecting Zones When you are looking at a parameter you can look at the same parameter in another zone by pressing its button Zone 2 Zone 3 or Zone 4 When you press a Zone button that Zone becomes the current Zone This will happen even if the selected Zone is off If a Zone is off its button will be unlit Go back to an active Zone by pressing its button Now press it again When you press the button of a Zone that s already current it turns orange and the sound of the Zone is muted The display shows a next to the zone number indicating it is silent Press the same Zone button again once and it un mutes To mute a different Zone press its button twice once to make it current and once to mute it You can have any
92. et Be sure to read all of the following instructions before using the diagnostics Otherwise damage to external equipment may occur Entering Diagnostics To start the PC88 diagnostics power up the unit while simultaneously holding the 1 2 and 3 buttons Release the 1 2 and 3 buttons within two seconds of turning on the PC88 After a brief introductory message the display will appear as follows Press 44 to Reset Press 222 for Diads At this point you can do one of three things 1 Press the lt lt lt button which will erase the non volatile memory Any user sounds or setups in the instrument will be lost The following message will be displayed FAM has been erased Cucle the Power now After this message appears remove power from the unit When power is re applied the non volatile memory will be reset 2 Pressthe gt gt gt button which will enter diagnostics Note that some diagnostic tests destroy the RAM therefore anything stored in the non volatile memory will be lost 3 Remove power from the instrument This is the only way to guarantee that user sounds and setups stored in the non volatile RAM will be retained Running the Debug Sequence If you pressed the button in step 2 above the following will appear in the display Meru CPU Test Before continuing set the PC88 s volume slider to its minimum setting Some tests produce loud potentially destructive test tones When these tones begin t
93. et to the same note range Another example create two or more Zones that are identical except for their transposition settings Now you can play parallel intervals or chords with single keystrokes Pitchbend Range The third and fourth parameters in this menu BndRng ST and BndRng ct set the pitchbend range This is the interval that the pitch wheel will change the pitch at the end of its travel both top up and bottom down The first parameter is coarse which sets the range in semitones ST The second is fine which sets it in cents or 1 100ths of a semitone ct Since both values are positive they add to each other If you want to set the range to just under 3 semitones you would set ST to 2 and ct to 99 The maximum value for both parameters is 127 5 2 PC88 Zone Parameters Program Bank MG Program Whenever this parameter is set or the Setup containing it is called up a pair of MIDI Controller Messages known as Registered Parameters are sent on the MIDI channel assigned to this Zone These messages will set the coarse and fine pitchbend range of any MIDI instrument receiving data on this channel from the PC88 as long as that instrument recognizes the messages It will set itself to respond to pitchbend commands exactly the same way as the Zone on the PC88 Since this a relatively recently adopted addition to the MIDI specification there are plenty of instruments that don t recognize Registe
94. g then press one of the Sound Select buttons Harpsichord for example Notice that the Internal Voices button stops blinking when you select a sound Since we didn t save the controller assignment when we selected this Internal Voice the wheel resumes its modulation function 14 PC88 Introducing the PC88 MIDI Setups MIDI Setups We ve been dealing with one instrument so far but the PC88 lets us play with four at a time Multiple instrument setups are called logically enough MIDI Setups or just Setups You get to them by pressing the button marked you guessed it MIDI Setups Do it now It blinks awaiting your selection of a Setup In the Sound Setup Select section press the Button numbered 16 and press the Previous Group button until the top line of the display reads 5016 Volume Sliders This Setup consists of four zones each with its own instrument You know that four zones are playing because all four of the Zone buttons to the left of the display right under the heading Zone Select amp Assignable Controllers are showing green lights All of the zones in this setup cover the entire keyboard so any note you play will sound four different instruments simultaneously Additionally each of the four zones has an assignable slider programmed to send MIDI Volume commands on its channel As is common practice but not required Sliders A B C and D are controllers for zones 1 2 3 and 4 respectively The lig
95. g Tuning of the receiving device with each increment of the LSB equal to 1 8192nd of a semitone and an overall range using both MSB and LSB of 1 to 1 semitone The PC88 responds to this message Tuning Coarse Tuning Tuning of the receiving device in semitones with a range of 64 to 64 The PC88 responds to this message Recv Trans 00 03 00 03 Tuning Program Select Selects a scale tuning that is stored in the device s RAM 00 04 00 04 Tuning Bank Select Selects a bank of tunings which is then followed by selection of a particular tuning program RPN 03 127 127 TE 7F Null Function This turns off the last RPN or NRPN so that the Data Slider and Data Increment Decrement switches can be used for something else Its use is optional but it can help to avoid confusion in very complex data streams 102 119 Uncharted Territory Controllers 102 through 119 do not have specific functions On the Kurzweil PC88 however these four do Decimal Hex Name Applications and notes Arpeggiator Active A switch turns the Arpeggiator on and off Arpeggiator Velocity Determines the play velocity for Arpeggiated notes when the Arpeggiator Velocity Mode is set to Ctrl Arpeggiator Latch 2 A switch latches currently played notes so the Arpeggia tor will process them and un latches them Pedals mode only Arpeggiator Latch 1 A switch latches currently played notes so the Arpeggia tor wi
96. g a screaming electric guitar patch on an external patch set the pitchbend range on the Zone driving the guitar synth to 12 semitones The message will go out over MIDI as a Registered Parameter and set the guitar synth s range Then set Wheel 1 Musician s Guide 10 1 PC88 in the Real World Up to Pitch Up with a Scaling of 16 and Wheel 1 Down to Pitch Down with a Scaling of 100 The pitchbend wheel will now bend strings in the up direction as far as a whole step and be a whammy bar in the down direction dropping down as low as an octave Use aftertouch mono pressure with a Cosine curve a negative offset and a high scaling factor so you can bring in accenting voices like high strings or brass in some Zones but only by pushing on the keys really hard Use aftertouch at the same time to control vibrato on the main voice and you can make the sound change radically with a little finger action In the MIDI Composing Studio The PC88 is the master controller for a vast array of synthesizers and signal processors all going through a central computer running sophisticated sequencing software through a multiport interface Put the PC88 on its own MIDI In cable Turn MIDI Receive On on all 16 channels and turn Local Control off This will make the PC88 a slave to the computer and anything you play on the keyboard will be routed through the computer before you hear it If you have the VGM board set some of the
97. g the notes will play within the rhythm i e the articulation 100 means that a note will sustain until the next one sounds very legato 50 means that the note will fill half the space between itself and the next note The lowest value is 1 stacattissimo This parameter has no effect on percussion sounds or other sounds whose duration is fixed Velocity Mode and Fixed Velocity Vel Mode sets the velocity of the played notes Fixed means they all sound at the same level determined by the Fixed Vel parameter which is next on the menu Played means each note repeats with the same velocity you played it at Last means all notes play at the velocity of the most recently played note Pressure means the velocities are controlled by keyboard pressure as you push down on any key the velocities get higher and as you ease up they get lower Finally Ctrl 117 means the velocity is controlled by MIDI Controller number 117 which can be assigned to any PC88 physical controller or can come from an external MIDI source Fixed Vel as we mentioned sets the velocity of all notes if Fixed mode is selected Note Shift You can tell the Arpeggiator to transpose all of the currently latched notes each time it plays through them Note Shift determines how much transposition will occur The transposition is cumulative from one cycle to the next if you choose 2 as the value then after the initial cycle the next cycle will be up a whole step the one aft
98. ggiator in a Zone will go to all of that Zone s destinations local MIDI or both The notes that are generated by the Arpeggiator are restricted in each Zone to that Zone s Key Range If the Arpeggiator for example tries to play a C 4 in a Zone but that Zone s Key Range ends at C4 the note will not sound However another Zone whose Key Range ends at C5 will be able to play the C 4 from the Arpeggiator Therefore setting a Zone s Key Range can be important in deciding how it will respond to the Arpeggiator The Arpeggiator s Key Range only restricts notes you play into the Arpeggiator not notes created by the Arpeggiator 6 2 PC88 The Arpeggiator Latch Mode Latch Mode determines how the Arpeggiator will respond to notes played on the keyboard Keys means that the Arpeggiator will only play while you are holding down one or more keys As you play different notes they get added to the Arpeggiator and as you release notes they get taken out The Arpeggiator has a consistent tempo which is adhered to no matter how fast or slow you play the keyboard so some notes may take a little while to speak after you play them until the Arpeggiator s clock catches up This clock stays constant as long as you are playing any key but if you let go of all the keys then the clock resyncs itself and the Arpeggiator starts immediately when you play the next key In the next three modes the Arpeggiator is listening to a sw
99. giator Copying the Arpeggiator Glissando When the Glissando parameter is On then the Arpeggiator chromatically fills in between notes as it cycles through them Example If the Arpeggiator is supposed to play a D and an F with Glissando on it will play D D E E E D D Available MIDI controllers To recap the MIDI controllers available for the Arpeggiator 116 Turns the Arpeggiator Active parameter on or off 117 Adjusts the velocity of arpeggiated notes when Velocity is in Ctrl 117 mode 118 Latch 2 Pedals mode only Engages Overplay in Pedals mode 119 Turns the Arpeggiator s latch on and off when Latch mode is set to Overplay Arpeggiation Add or Pedals mode Mono Pressure Adjusts the velocity of arpeggiated notes when Velocity is in Pressure mode Copying the Arpeggiator If you have an Arpeggiator that you like in one Setup and you wish you could use it in another Setup without rebuilding it from scratch there is a Copy mode for the Arpeggiator While in the Arpeggiator menu press Copy At the prompt Copy Arpeg press Enter Now go to the Setup you want to copy the parameters to by pressing MIDI Setup and the appropriate group and number buttons Press Arpeggiator to go into this Setup s Arpeggiator and press Copy Press the right cursor so the display says Paste Arpeg Press Enter and the Arpeggiator s settings are now part of this Setup Now press Store so you don t lose everythi
100. h the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This instrument generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this instrument does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the instrument off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the instrument and the receiver Connect the instrument into an outlet on a circuit other than the one to which the receiver is connected If necessary consult your dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions NOTICE This apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications AVIS Le present appareil numerique n emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de la class B prescrites dans le Reglement sur le brouillage radioelectri
101. hat you need to know about the settings and functions of the instrument You can adjust the contrast of the LCD to accommodate different playing positions by using the small black knob on the back panel of the PC88 The illustration below shows the location of this knob labelled LCD Contrast Adj between the MIDI jacks and the pedal jacks MIDI In MIDI Thru Out MIDI Out LCD Switch Pedals Contrast Adj 1 2 A fM fx o 0 D WF Wo Cursor Buttons Directly below the display are two buttons marked lt lt lt and gt gt gt These are the cursor buttons When you are making adjustments to parameters these let you move among the parameters within a menu Pressing the right or left button changes the display to show the next or previous parameter in the menu The value of the parameter is then changed with the Alpha wheel or the keypad or by using Intuitive Entry Sometimes there will be two parameters on the display at once for example as we ve seen when setting the key range of a zone The cursor buttons will let you select which parameter to adjust The cursor buttons have a repeat characteristic if you press and hold one down it will scroll quickly through the list of parameters on the menu When the menu is long such as when you are assigning MIDI controllers to the PC88 s physical controllers wheels sliders etc or when you are editing effects the cursor buttons have a jump fea
102. he same sound as a note with velocity 127 102 25 127 Negative values diminish the response a setting of 25 means the loudest velocity available will be 102 while any keystroke 25 or below will produce a velocity of 1 a velocity value of zero has a special meaning in MIDI 5 8 PC88 Zone Parameters MIDI Velocity Velocity and cannot be used for note ons You can think of Scale as being a proportional change to the velocity while Offset is a linear change The maximum values for Offset are 127 The illustration below shows the effects of Velocity Offset Note that Velocity Offset is the only parameter changed in this example the other parameters are set to their defaults scale 100 curve linear min 1 max 127 127 Velocity Offset 64 low velocity keystrikes produce medium MIDI velocity and greater Oo K Velocity Offset 64 low velocity keystrikes result in MIDI velocity of 1 maximum MIDI velocity reduced 127 64 Strike Velocity Offset and Scale work together If scaling takes the velocity out of the ballpark for example you want to set it to 300 but that puts all of your notes at maximum velocity using a negative offset say around 60 can make it possible to still play at different volumes although your curve will still be a lot steeper than normal If you use a negative scaling then you must use an offset otherwise all of your velocities will end up as zeroes well ones actu
103. heel 1 4 2 7 Alternating maps 5 7 Arp Active 6 2 Arpeggiator copying 5 18 6 6 MIDI control of 6 6 shifting notes 6 4 Arpeggiator Active 6 2 F 5 Arpeggiator button 6 1 Arpeggiator Latch F 5 Arpeggiator Latch 1 2 10 Arpeggiator Velocity F 5 Assignable controllers default settings 2 9 Assignable Controllers Buttons and Wheels 2 9 Attack Time F 3 Audio connections 2 1 Automatic reset 2 7 Balance F 2 Bank Mode 5 5 Bank numbers sending 5 5 Bank Sel Ctl 9 4 Bank Select 5 13 F 1 Bank Select Control 9 4 Banks 5 3 VGM 3 4 Battery 1 8 Beat tuning 3 3 Beats with Arpeggiator 6 4 BndRng ct 5 2 BndRng ST 5 2 Breath sending to other devices F 1 Breath Controller 5 13 Bright 7 1 Brightness F 3 Buttons 5 11 Arpeggiator 6 1 Controllers 5 11 Copy 5 17 Effects 2 10 7 1 Global 9 1 Key Range 5 6 MIDI Receive 8 1 MIDI Transmit 5 2 Next Group 3 1 Panic 2 10 Previous Group 3 1 Program 5 3 Store 5 19 Transpose 5 7 Velocity 5 8 C Change Setups 9 3 Channel On Off MIDI Receive 8 1 Chg Setups 9 3 Chorus 1 7 1 Chorus 2 7 1 Click 3 3 Clock 9 2 Coarse Tuning F 5 Connections audio 2 1 MIDI 2 2 pedals 2 2 power 2 1 Continuous Control Pedals 2 2 Continuous controllers 5 12 F 1 copying 5 18 Controllers assignable 2 9 assigning 1 4 continuous 5 11 scaling 5 14 switch 5 11 5 15 Controllers button 5 11 Copy button 5 17 Copying effects 7 3 Copying the Arpeggiator 6 6 Copying Zone parameters 5 17 Cos velocity
104. heel I Up Ctrl Num None 0 127 Pitch Up Down Pressure Tempo special functions Ctrl Scale 300 to 300 Ctrl Offset 127 to 127 Ctrl Curve Linear Sin Cos Entry Value None 0 127 Exit Value None 0 127 Wheel 1 Down same as Wheel 1 Up Wheel 2 same as Wheel 1 Up MPressure same as Wheel 1 Up Sliders A B C D same as Wheel 1 Up Pedals 1 2 3 4 same as Wheel 1 Up Switch Controllers RU inr Parameter Values Buttons E E G SwType Toggle Momentary On Ctrl None 0 127 Pitch Up Down Pressure Tempo special functions On Value None 0 127 Off Ctrl None 0 127 Pitch Up Down Pressure Tempo special functions Off Value None 0 127 Entry State None Off On Exit State None Off On SwitchPdl 1 2 same as Buttons E FG Controller editing is one of the strongest aspects of the PC88 s usefulness as the main controller for a sophisticated MIDI studio In this chapter we ll talk about two different types of controllers as they apply to the PC88 One is the physical controllers the wheels buttons pedals etc that you move with your fingers or feet The other is MIDI Controllers which are MIDI commands sent by the PC88 For our purposes MIDI Controllers includes the complete set of Controllers defined by the MIDI Specification as well as pitchbend aftertouch and a few other useful MIDI commands To fend off confusion we ll refer
105. hese have several functions They turn zones on and off they select which zone will be current and thus have its parameters adjusted and they select zones for soloing The Zone buttons contain three color LEDs When the LED is green the zone is on active When it is orange it is muted When it is red it is being soloed and when it is dark the zone is off or inactive Remember that zones are only operative in MIDI Setup mode In Internal Voices mode only Zone 1 is used To select a zone for editing press its button once The number of the zone shows up on the display showing that it s the current Zone If you are not in Zone Parameters mode the zone number is displayed on the second line next to the program name If you are working on parameters the zone number is on the first line Next to it may be a character if the zone is muted there will be a while if it is soloed there will be a active muted soloed Zone l zone l Zone 1 2 4 PC88 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls Once a Zone is selected its button acts as a mute unmute toggle Press it once and it turns orange and mutes Press it again and it un mutes becoming active and turning green The Solo button to the right of the Zone buttons mutes all zones except the current one The button of the zone being soloed will glow red Zone Parameters WGM Moving to the top of the panel we find 12 buttons The firs
106. hich should give you some idea of the capabilities of the PC88 If anything we ve covered so far was confusing or you have questions about any aspect of what you ve just done feel free to jump around this manual to look up the things that interest you In the next chapter we ll start again from the beginning in depth A Note About the VGM Board and the PC88mx The PC88 has many important extra features when the optional VGM Voice GM expansion V6 M board is installed although the basic operation is the same with or without the board In those places in the manual where a special explanation is needed for a VGM board feature we ve put the VGM logo in the margin By the way when you start up the PC88 a message will appear on its display to indicate whether or not a VGM board is installed The PC88mx model comes with the VGM board already installed Refer to the sections of this manual with the VGM logo in the margin for information on the PC88mx s features Musician s Guide 1 7 Introducing the PC88 Checking Battery Voltage Level Checking Battery Voltage Level Your PC88 stores Setups you ve created as well as information about your effects and group preferences in internal memory This memory is backed by a lithium battery that will last 3 5 years Although a start up message alerts you to a low battery level you may want to check the battery voltage from time to time As a safeguard you may want to back up your Setups
107. hoir C is strings filter D is Strings release control A pans Zone 1 pad B is internal reverb wet A pans Zone 1 B is internal reverb wet D is Tempo G turns the Arpeggiator on A pans Zone 1 B is internal reverb wet D is Tempo G turns the Arpeggiator off A is internal reverb wet B is internal chorus wet A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume E pans each zone A is Zone 1 volume french horn B is Zone 2 volume low strings C is Zone 3 vol ume arpegg strings D is Tempo Activate Zone 3 to add Guitar Activate Zone 4 to add Strings A is Zone 1 volume Cis Zone 3 volume D is Zone 4 volume A is internal reverb wet B is internal chorus wet A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume C is Zone 3 volume D is Zone 4 volume A is internal reverb wet B is internal chorus wet No assignments beyond the defaults and some velocity scaling B is Jazz Guitar volume Activate Zones 1 and 2 to add guitar layers SwitchPdl1 does not send sustain on Zone 4 A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume C is Zone 3 volume E pans zones 1 and 3 Activate Zone 2 to add Slo Vibes pad A is Zone 1 volume strings B is Zone 2 vol ume vibes C is Zone 3 volume surf D is Zone 4 volume birds E pans zones 1 and 3 via entry state Template Odd even zones for 64 note polyphony There are 19 programs avail able in the 64 note Poly bank Select Zone 2 and find others using the program pa rameter Then on Zone 1 choose the matching progra
108. ht in each of the Zone buttons can show three colors green orange or red or it can be off Green means active orange means muted red means soloed and dark means off or inactive There s one more mode for a zone and that s current The current zone is the one whose parameters are showing in the display Since you ve just selected the setup the current zone is indicated by a number 1 through 4 on the second line of the display just before the name of the program assigned to that zone Any zone regardless of whether it is on or off can be the current one The PC88 s display shows you the following right now Setup ID Setup number name 5416 Wolume Sliders Al 1li5tade Piano L L Setup Current Zone s number group amp button amp Program name Look at the display and see if Zone 1 is current If is isn t press the Zone 1 button Press the Zone 1 button again Its light changes to orange The zone is now muted and the next time you play a note a portion of the sound won t be audible Press the Zone 1 button again to make it active green To mute any other zone press its button once to make it current then again to mute To mute all but one zone press the Solo button to the right of the Zone buttons It glows red The current zone s button also turns red showing it s being soloed Even if the zone was muted soloing it turns it on However if the zone were off dark soloing wouldn t bring it to
109. hysical controller you have to use the cursor buttons to scroll through the entire menu of parameters for each controller a half dozen or so parameters for 17 physical controllers You can speed up the process by holding down the cursor button and letting it auto repeat but there s an even faster way press and hold the Controllers button and while you re holding move the physical controller you want to work on The display will jump to the first parameter for that controller This works with all of the programmable sliders buttons wheels pedals and switch pedals and it also works with keyboard pressure hold the Controllers button and press hard on any note The display will jump to MPressure mono pressure and you can set its assignment MIDI Receive The third Intuitive Entry mode is used when setting the MIDI Receive channels Setting these channels is important when using the PC88 with a sequencer and a complete explanation is in Chapter 8 To choose a channel quickly either to inspect audition or edit press and hold the MIDI Receive button and then one of the numbered Voice buttons The display will jump to the channel corresponding to the number of the Voice button 2 8 PC88 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls Jump Editing While we re on the subject of moving around the Controllers menu quickly there s one more technique to discuss If you want to adjust the same parameter for exa
110. iano 2 Slap Bass 2 English Horn Goblins Harpsichord Synth Bass 1 Bassoon Echo Drops Clavinet Synth Bass 2 Clarinet Sci fi Pad Celesta Violin Piccolo Sitar MEER Glockenspiel Music Box Viola Cello Flute Recorder Banjo Shamisen Vibraphone Contrabass Pan Flute Koto Marimba Tremolo Strings Blown Bottle Kalimba Xylophone Pizzicato String Shakuhachi Bagpipe Tubular Bells Plucked Harp Whistle Fiddle Dulcimer Drawbar Organ Timpani Ensemble Strings Ocarina Square Wave Shanai Tinkle Bell Perc Organ Slow Strings Sawtooth Wave Agogo Rock Organ Synth Strings 1 Synth Calliope Steel Drums Church Organ Synth Strings 2 Chiff Lead Woodblock Reed Organ Choir Oohs Charang Taiko Drum Accordion Harmonica Voice Oohs Synth Vox Solo Vox Fifths Saw Wave Melodic Toms Synth Drums Bandoneon Orchestra Hit Bass amp Lead Syn Reverse Cymbal Nylon Str Guitar Trumpet Fantasia Pad Gtr Fret Noise Steel Str Guitar Trombone Warm Pad Breath Noise Jazz Guitar Tuba Poly Synth Pad Seashore Clean Guitar Muted Guitar Muted Trumpet French Horn Space Voice Pad Bowed Glass Pad Birds Telephone Overdrive Guitar Brass Section Metallic Pad Helicopter Dist
111. ing MIDI data and definitions for each physical controller Any controller wheel slider button or pedal can perform up to four different functions in the four zones For example a slider may control volume in two different zones but with opposite senses so that moving the slider causes the sound in one zone to fade out while the other fades in Or a pedal can control the pan position of two different synths set in opposition to each other so that moving the pedal causes the sounds to literally move past each other in the stereo field This ability to use a single set of physical controllers to independently and simultaneously address parameters on four internal sounds and or MIDI channels gives the PC88 tremendous flexibility as a master keyboard for studio or live performance If your studio or performance rig includes synthesizers or processors that can respond to MIDI controllers to modify their timbre or effects parameters the varieties of expression available with the PC88 are even greater for example a single pedal motion could simultaneously brighten one sound increase its vibrato speed and move it further back into a reverb space and at the same time make the timbre of a second sound rougher pan it hard to the right lengthen the release segment of the envelope and give it Doppler effect pitch shift Analyzing a Setup Before we start making Setups let s examine one and see what goes into it The PC88 is shipped wi
112. ire Zones you can also copy the parameters associated with a single physical controller in a Zone The procedure is the same except instead of using the Zone buttons to select an entire Zone select a single controller from the Controllers menu Press Copy and the display confirms the controller you ve selected and the Zone it s in Press Enter and all of that controller s parameters are copied This information can now be pasted to another controller another Zone in the Setup or another Setup To copy to another controller press the Controllers button and scroll through the list of controllers with the cursor buttons or use Intuitive Entry to get to the controller you want Press Copy then right cursor and you can paste the copied values into this controller To copy the controller into another Zone press a Zone button right after copying You can also select a different controller in this Zone to paste into To copy into another Setup press MIDI Setups right after copying and select your Setup Press the appropriate Zone button if the Zone you want isn t current Press Controllers the Copy then the right cursor Paste away You can only paste information from a continuous controller into another continuous controller Likewise you can only paste information from a switch controller into another switch controller Different memory buffers are used to store information during Copy operations depending on whether you re copying a Zone a si
113. is On 06 38 06 26 Data Entry Transmitter is a slider receiver is any parameter change used in conjunction with Registered and Non Registered parame ters 62 65H 07 39 07 27 Main Volume Transmitter is a slider or pedal Musician s Guide F 1 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification Balance Transmitter is a slider receiver is the balance between two layers of a sound or the wet dry mix of an effects device undefined Pan Transmitter is a slider receiver changes stereo pan position of sound Expression Transmitter is a pedal works in conjunction with 07 Vol ume to make temporary volume changes or performance inflections Volume can be thought of as a fader on a console while Expression the pedal on an organ PC88 default as signment 11 is Pedal 1 Effect Control 1 Transmitter is a slider or knob receiver is a control in an ef fects device teverb delay equalizer etc which might be send wet dry mix or a particular parameter of the effect Effect Control 2 same as Effect Control 1 undefined undefined General Purpose 1 Transmitter and receiver can be anything General Purpose Controllers are designated essentially to prevent them from being defined for anything specific This controller is also used by some transmitters for the x axis position of a joystick General Purpose 2 Used by some transmitters for the y axis position of a joy stick
114. is feature allows you to choose 16 of your favorite Internal Voices and make them all accessible with single button pushes you don t have to remember that the Electric Piano sound you like comes from group D while those cool Strings are in group A but the nice Piano amp Strings is in group B and so on Musician s Guide 3 1 Internal Voices Program Numbers and Other Ways of Selecting Voices Program Numbers and Other Ways of Selecting Voices Internal Voices can also be called up using an external sequencer or controller that sends MIDI Program Change commands The MIDI program number for the selected Internal Voice is shown in the bottom line of the display There are several ways to display the program numbers which will be discussed in the next chapter but the default is to refer to them by the numbers 0 127 You can also select voices using the numeric keypad and the program numbers are important here as well Type in the program number you wish to select either 1 2 or 3 digits you don t have to use leading zeroes and press Enter The program you selected will appear in the display If you make a mistake press Clear and the numbers will reset or if you decide you don t want to change voices after all press Cancel One more way of selecting voices is with the Alpha wheel Turning it clockwise increments the current voice and turning it counter clockwise decrements it The increment decrement and buttons
115. itch to latch notes on and off That switch happens to be MIDI Controller 119 which in this Setup and as a factory default is assigned to Button G as a Toggle press the button once and the Arpeggiator starts press it again and it stops In Overplay mode the Arpeggiator will grab latch any notes that are being held when the switch goes on and will continue playing them even after you let them go until the switch is turned off Any new notes you play on the keyboard will sound normally and will not be arpeggiated Arpeggiation mode Arpeg is similar any notes held when the switch goes on will be latched and arpeggiated and keep going until the switch is turned off Subsequent played notes will join in the arpeggiation but will not latch when you let go of such a note it will no longer play in the arpeggiation Add mode means that any note played after the switch goes on will be added to the Arpeggiator and will keep playing after you let go of the key until you shut the switch off Auto mode doesn t listen to the switch the Arpeggiator goes on whenever you play a note The note is latched on Play more notes and they get latched on too You don t have to be holding notes for them to stay on as long as you hold down at least one key every note played is added to the Arpeggiator Therefore you could have 88 notes going at once if you were so inclined Pedals mode is a combination of Keys Add and Overplay modes
116. l 1 Timpani D Chinese Cymbal Timpani E Ride Bell Timpani F Tambourine Splash Cymbal Cowbell Cowbell Crash Cymbal 2 Concert Cymbal 2 Vibraslap Ride Cymbal 2 Concert Cymbal 1 Hi Bongo Lo Bongo Mute Hi Conga Open Hi Conga Low Conga Hi Timbale Lo Timbale Hi Agogo Lo Agogo Cabasa Maracas Hi Whistle EXC2 Lo Whistle EXC2 Short Guiro Long Guiro Claves Hi Wood Block Lo Wood Block Mute Cuica Open Cuica Mute Triangle EXC5 Open Triangle EXC5 Shaker Jingle Bell Bell Castanets Mute Surdo Open Surdo Applause C 2 PC88 Drum sounds Kurzweil Drums Kurzweil Drums Shown below are the Kurzweil percussion sounds available in the Expansion Bank 2 on the VGM board Ambient Prog change no 75 76 AO Kick Drum Ambient Kick Drum Synth Kick Drum A 0 Kick Drum Ambient Kick Drum Synth Kick Drum BO Kick Drum Ambient Kick Drum Synth Kick Drum C1 Kick Drum Ambient Kick Drum Synth Kick Drum Sidestick Sidestick Sidestick D1 Floor Tom Ambient Floor Tom Synth Floor Tom D 1 Floor Tom Ambient Floor Tom Synth Floor Tom E1 Floor Tom Ambient Floor Tom Synth Floor Tom F1 L
117. l parameters 9 1 Goto Program 5 14 Goto Setup 5 14 Group buttons 3 1 Groups 3 1 H Hall 7 1 Hard reset 9 5 Harmonic Content F 3 Hi key range 5 6 Hold 2 5 13 Initial Tempo with Arpeggiator 6 4 Int Eff Delay 7 2 Int Eff Wet 7 2 Int Rev Time 7 2 Int Rev Wet 7 2 Internal 1 4 Internal Effects Delay 7 2 Internal Effects Wet 7 2 Internal Reverb Time 7 2 Internal Voices 1 4 3 1 A 1 Internal voices customizing 3 3 Index 2 PC88 IntFx 7 2 Intuitive entry 1 4 1 6 2 7 5 12 J Joystick sending to other devices F 2 Jump editing 2 9 K K1000 bank mode 5 5 K2000 bank mode 5 5 Key Range with Arpeggiator 6 2 Key Range button 5 6 Kurzweil drums C 3 L Latch Mode 6 3 Latching 6 3 Latin percussion kit C 5 LCD Contrast Adj 2 3 Least Significant Byte LSB F 1 F 4 Left Mono jack 2 1 Legato Footswitch F 3 Limit Option with Arpeggiator 6 5 Linear velocity curve 5 8 Local Control 9 2 Local Control Off F 6 Low key range 5 6 Main Volume F 1 Maintenance battery 1 8 Master Volume 2 10 Mem avail 9 5 Memory battery backed 1 8 Memory available 9 5 Menus exiting from 1 4 Merge with MIDI In 9 4 Metronome Click 3 3 MIDI Channel 5 2 MIDI composing studio using PC88 in 10 2 MIDI connections 2 2 MIDI control of effects 7 4 MIDI controllers 5 13 available with Arpeggiator 6 6 MIDI In 9 3 MIDI Receive channel on off 8 1 Program parameter 8 1 MIDI Receive button 8 1 MIDI Setups 1 5
118. ll process them and un latches them Musician s Guide F 5 Continuous Controllers in the MIDI Specification 120 127 Mode Messages Above 119 Controller messages are considered mode messages and have specific functions that address an en tire instrument rather than a single voice Decimal Hex Name All Sound Off Reset All Controllers Applications and notes Instantly mutes the sound without changing the Volume Controller 07 Set all Controllers and Pitchbend to their initial or default values Local Control Off De couples control surface keyboard and sound produc ing circuits for use with sequencers All Notes Off Turns off or forces into the release segment of their envelopes all sounding notes Omni Off Takes instrument out of Omni mode so it can receive on one or more individual channels Omni On Puts instrument into Omni mode it will play all incoming MIDI data regardless of channel Mono On Puts instrument in Mono mode in which only one note can play per channel Used for solo instruments Puts instrument in Poly mode in which multiple notes can play per channel the usual way things are done F 6 PC88 PC88 Internal Diagnostics Appendix G PC88 Internal Diagnostics This appendix contains instructions on 1 how to use the PC88 s internal diagnostics to test the unit and 2 how to perform a hard res
119. lly at random Shuffle picks the notes out at random but keeps track of the notes so that no note repeats until all of the Musician s Guide 6 3 The Arpeggiator Beats others have played Schoenberg would have approved Walk is random walk each successive note is either the next highest or the next lowest pitch in the cycle For example if the latched notes were in ascending order C D E F and G and the first note was an E the next note could be an F or a D If it s an E the next note will be an E or a G but if it s a D the next note will be a C or an E and so on Beats subdivides the Tempo setting At its lowest value 4th notes the Arpeggiator plays at the indicated tempo Setting Beats to 8th notes doubles the tempo while setting it to 8th trips triples it The highest setting is 32nd trips in which the notes spew out at 24 times the Tempo setting Initial Tempo Initial Tempo is the tempo in beats per minute bpm at which the Arpeggiator will play when first turned on This tempo can be changed in real time by assigning any of the PC88 s physical controllers in the Setup to Tempo The range is 20 to 300 bpm Note that this parameter will be relevant only if the Clock parameter in the Global menu is set to Internal If it set to External then the Arpeggiator will follow the timing of MIDI Clocks coming from an external source such as a sequencer or drum machine Duration Duration determines how lon
120. lue of a parameter hold the Enter key while you move any slider wheel or pedal or play a note and the value will change accordingly To quickly set a parameter to its default value scale 10076 offset 0 curve linear press the decrement and increment buttons simultaneously The Continuous Controllers The continuous physical controllers are those that have a range of values the two wheels four sliders and four pedals and also pressure As the table above shows all of them use the same parameters A word about pressure Key Range in a Zone does not define which notes will generate pressure in that Zone If pressure is enabled in a Zone playing with aftertouch anywhere on the 5 12 PC88 Zone Parameters Controllers keyboard will produce data For example if Zone 1 s Key Range is C3 C5 and you play C2 and push down on the note pressure messages will be sent from Zone 1 As with any other physical controller however you can disable pressure in any Zone or scale it or offset it differently in the various Zones It might help to think of pressure as a third wheel wheels operate in a Zone regardless of Key Range and so does pressure MIDI Controllers and Other Parameters After you ve selected which Zone and which physical controller to work with using the cursor buttons or Intuitive Entry use the Ctrl Num parameter to choose what this controller will do Some of the controllers have default settings that
121. m number from the Internal Voices bank A pans Zone 1 B is internal reverb wet A is percussion volume B and C are E Pno tremolo rate and depth D is tempo G sends Volume 0 to percussion SwitchPdl2 is a toggle mode arpeggiator latch The Percussion Zone is set to odd notes which creates rests in the arpeggiation Play keys CO and BO softer and hold while pressing the latch pedal Then play with the shuffle sequence A is piano volume B is bass volume C fades Ride D is Tempo SwPdl2 is the pedals mode Arp latch A is VGM reverb wet B is Guitar volume Cis Strings filter D is tempo F doubles the tempo G is Latch2 for overplay Musician s Guide E 3 MIDI Setups VGM Setups 54 Slow Orchestra Activate Zone3 for 8vb Cello in the tenor range A is upper orch volume B is flute volume C is cello volume D is lower orch volume E pans zones 1 and 3 SwitchPdl2 changes right hand Double Reeds to Brass 55 Pressure Orch Example Arpeggiator for drum rolls Arpeggio plays on Timpani and Snare Drum Zones 3 and 4 with velocity controlled by Pressure Play any single note from G1 F 2 and press for a crescendo roll C and D are volume for Snare and Timpani SwitchPdl2 does Sostenuto and disables Brass Hardest strike triggers Crash Zone 2 56 Plucky Orch A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone 2 volume C is Zone 3 volume 57 Smooth Leads A is Zone 1 volume B is Zone2 volume C is Zone3 volume E pans zones 1 and 3 58
122. match the General MIDI spec the VGM board adds 12 sets of drum and percussion sounds and doubles the PC88 s maximum polyphony to 64 notes For People Who Never Read Manuals Read this chapter at least If you re an experienced MIDI musician you will have no trouble getting the PC88 up and running right away and that s what we ll do here But even if you ve mastered every other keyboard in the world take some time to go through the manual and learn about the advanced features of the PC88 You ll discover some unique new ideas Musician s Guide 1 1 Introducing the PC88 Unpacking the Unit Unpacking the Unit is pretty straightforward It s always a good idea to keep the box and packing material in case you need to ship it for any reason Your PC88 carton should contain the following PC88 Performance Controller AC adapter switch pedal six adhesive backed rubber feet manual warranty card Setup Set the PC88 on a keyboard stand or table Always make sure the ends are supported not just the middle Use the stick on rubber feet if you re putting the unit on a flat surface or even if you might in the future As shown in the following illustration pairs of guide holes on the bottom of the PC88 show recommended locations for the feet Remove the backing paper from each rubber foot then attach to the bottom of the PC88 just forward of a pair of guide holes Plug the audio outputs into your mix
123. me Locations that are already occupied will say Replace while empty ones will say Save If you would like to come up with a new name for this Setup then before storing it press the right cursor button once The display says Rename setup Press Enter and you can now edit the Setup s name Use the cursor buttons to locate the cursor under the first letter you want to change Now you can scroll through the available characters using the alpha wheel This includes an upper case alphabet a lower case alphabet the numerals 0 9 and two sets of punctuation marks Use the cursor buttons to select other letters to change and press Enter when you re done In the display shown below for example you could change the name from EBass to PBass by turning the alpha wheel until the E above the cursor changes to P Setur name EBass E Pro There are a few shortcuts available when naming a Setup You can call up letters using the numeric keypad each keypad button chooses from the letters that are printed right underneath it Repeated pressings select the different letters in a group for example press the 1 button one time the letter A will appear in the name press it again and B appears and one more Musician s Guide 5 19 Zone Parameters Storing a Setup time and you get C Press it yet again and it brings us back to A The number 2 button is responsi
124. mple Scale in different physical controllers there s another way to get where you want to go without scrolling the entire list If you press both cursor buttons simultaneously the display will jump to the same parameter for the next controller on the list So if you are working on the offset for Slider A as shown here fone Slider A Ctrl Scale 25 X and you want to see what the offset on Slider B is set to simultaneously press both cursor buttons lt lt lt and gt gt gt and the offset for Slider B shows on the display fone Slider EB Ctrl Scale 116 2 Repeated double pressings will take you through all of the physical controllers What happens when you get to the end It stops but you can go immediately to the beginning of the list Wheel 1 Up by simply pressing the Controllers button Assignable Controllers Buttons and Wheels The sliders underneath the zone buttons labelled A B C and D the three buttons to the right of the sliders labelled E E and G and the two wheels at the far left of the keyboard are all assignable to different MIDI and PC88 functions just like the Pedals and Switch Pedals The buttons can be configured as momentary they only stay on when they are being pressed or toggle they alternate between two different states each time you press They contain red LED s whose action conforms to their current configuration the LED in a momentary only lights while you hold it while the LED in
125. n any channel Prog changes when Internal Voices change and responds to front panel and MIDI but not Setup changes Setup will change when Setups change and will respond to front panel and MIDI but not Internal Voice changes All responds to everything the default setting Change Setups Chg Setups is a very useful parameter for live performance It determines when a newly selected Setup will take effect It has two modes In Immed mode when a new Setup is selected the display changes immediately to show the new Setup and the next note played will reflect the change Notes being held by Kurzweil instruments continue to sound with the old voices gear from other manufacturers may cut off voices when they receive program changes In Keys Up mode the change will not occur until the PC88 is in a no keys down condition So if you hold any note or even if you play sufficiently legato so that there s never a moment at which no keys are being played the change will be delayed While this is happening the light on the Select button of the new Setup will blink As soon as you lift all of your fingers off the change goes into effect the light comes on steadily and all notes played after that will be in the new Setup The Sustain pedal won t do anything to delay the Setup change however any notes from Internal Voices being held by the Sustain pedal will continue to sound with their original voice through a Setup change u
126. n you are using the special 64 Note Poly bank on the VGM board It can also be used when you are driving multiple similar instruments and want to have them handle the same data but in such a way that their polyphonic capabilities complement each other and add up Transpose changes the pitch of the zone up or down up to 127 semitones Velocity opens a large menu with parameters relating to how the keyboard generates velocity information You can adjust velocity scaling from none the same velocity value is always sent to three times normal to three times normal but upside down You can also set the curve used for the scaling the offset from normal and minimum and maximum values Controllers opens the largest menu These parameters determine how the PC88 s physical controllers the wheels sliders pressure pedals and programmable buttons work In addition to specifying which MIDI controller or other performance parameter like pitchbend is sent this menu also determines for each controller scaling curves offsets and the values that the controller will send if any when you enter or leave the setup The Controllers button has its own special Intuitive Entry mode which we ll explain a little later in this chapter The buttons on the second row are not Zone specific but are considered Global Chapters 5 through 9 describe these buttons completely Musician s Guide 2 5 Setup Connections an
127. neighborhood of where you want to be The buttons are auto repeating hold them down and they will continue to increment or decrement In Parameter mode they also have an automatic reset feature press both simultaneously and whatever parameter is showing on the display will return to its default setting The numeric keypad is useful for when you know the exact number of the voice setup or parameter value you want For example if you know that you want to set a zone to transpose up four octaves 48 semitones press the Transpose button then enter the numbers 4 and 8 from the keypad Then press Enter and the display shows Transposition 48 The button is used to enter negative numbers Use the button any time before you press Enter e g to enter 100 you can press 1 0 0 Enter or 1 0 0 Enter or 1 0 0 Enter etc The button has a secondary use when entering program numbers with banks it acts as a separator between the bank number and the program number and puts a colon in the display More on this in Chapters 3 and 9 If you make a mistake with the numeric keypad press Clear and everything you ve entered is erased If you decide you don t want to change the parameter or voice after all press Cancel and the display goes back to whatever it was showing previously The numeric keyboard is also an alphabetical keypad and is used to name Setups More on this in Chapter 5 The
128. nel and key limit parameters of the current Setup or merging incoming MIDI data with generated data at the MIDI Out jack Adjusting the master tuning of the PC88 Setting a transposition interval for received MIDI notes Determining how Bank Select messages will be received by the PC88 Accepting or ignoring All Notes Off commands which can be a problem with some external keyboards Turning on and off the General MIDI mode in the PC88 if the VGM board is present and also in any other General MIDI modules connected to the PC88 s MIDI output Assigning device ID in multi PC88 environments Transmitting button presses as MIDI System Exclusive commands Transmitting PC88 effects settings to a sequencer Displaying the amount of user memory currently available Performing a hard reset which returns the PC88 to its original factory state Be careful with this you will lose any Setups or any other edits that you ve stored Dumping all Setups in memory as System Exclusive data Monitoring generated and incoming MIDI data with a built in utility known as MIDIScope Copy allows you to duplicate groups of parameters from one zone to another and sometimes even within a zone so that you can quickly create zones with similar characteristics It works in several modes it will either copy all of a Zone s parameters or only those in a specific subset You can also use the Clear function at the end of each copy menu to copy information that is
129. ng As we saw in the last chapter each type of Copy operation has its own distinct memory buffer Therefore you can overlap Arpeggiator copy and paste operations with those of different types 6 6 PC88 Effects Editing Chapter 7 Effects Editing VG The PC88 s built in effects processor provides reverb delay and chorusing effects for the on board sounds As we ve seen a different combination of effects can be assigned to any Internal Voice or Setup and that combination can be remembered when that Voice or Setup is recalled depending on the setting of the Effects Change Mode in the Global menu Effects EE Room NENH Bright MW Chorus 1 Mmm Stage MN Normal MM Chorus 2 mmm Hal EH Warm NEN Delay Effects can be edited on two levels The first you ve already done change the settings of the buttons in the Effects section When you use those buttons there is a set of default parameters that you can t see that define the effect you ve chosen The second level lets you go beyond the default parameters and change individual parameters within the effects themselves These tweaked effects can be useful for making a Setup sound just right or for creating unusual combinations for special purposes Tweaked effects are only usable with Setups the Internal Voices although they can use any Effects button combination must use the default settings of the chosen combination If you have the VGM
130. ngle switch controller or a single continuous controller so different types of copy and paste operations can overlap For example you could copy a Zone then copy a switch in a different Zone then paste the first Zone into another Zone then copy a continuous controller then paste the continuous controller into another Zone then paste the switch In addition there are separate copy buffers for Effects parameters and for Arpeggiator parameters We ll discuss them in the chapters on those subjects Here is a table that can help you keep track of what can go where You have copied It can go a Zone to another Zone in the same Setup a Zone in a different Setup a Switch controller to another Switch controller in the same Zone or in a different a Continuous controller to another Continuous controller in the same Zone or in a dif Zone or in a different Setup ferent Zone or in a different Setup an Effect from the Internal to the VGM effect in the same Setup or to either effect in a different Setup an Arpeggiator to the Arpeggiator in a different Setup 5 18 PC88 Zone Parameters Storing a Setup You can also set the zone controller switch arpeggiator or effects to a default value Clear at the end of each copy menu copies information stored in Setup 127 that contains default parameter information You can overwrite this setup with your own information however to create y
131. nth between Mono and Poly mode The On Ctrl would be 126 MonoOn and the Off Ctrl would be 127 PolyOn Off Value is the value of the Controller when the switch is off The default value is 0 You might want to change this as in the soft switch example above in order to bring the Zone up to full volume when you release the pedal set Off Value to 127 None is also a choice here Entry State determines whether an initial setting for the switch will be sent when the Setup is selected There are three choices None no message Off the Off controller and value and On the On controller and value In a button if the entry state is On the light will glow as soon as you select the Setup Exit State similarly determines whether a setting for the switch will be sent when the Setup is left either for another Setup or for the Internal Voices mode The same three choices are available Very useful for turning off Sustains when changing Setups Do These Parameters Always Mean Something Be careful not to set up parameters that will do crazy things When in doubt leave things off or at the factory default settings All of the Special Function controllers should have their Entry and Exit values set to None On some of the higher numbered MIDI controllers and Special Function controllers the on and or off values don t have any meaning because the controllers have very limited functionality The following list shows these gt
132. ntil you release the pedal Setup Change Channel MIDI In Setup chg chan lets you use an external MIDI device to change the PC88 s Setups You can always use external MIDI Program Change commands to change a voice on a channel or in a Zone but this command lets you change the entire Setup at once Choose an unused MIDI channel on which you would like to send Program Changes to the PC88 for changing Setups If you don t want external Program Changes to change the Setups select None the default MIDI In modifies the MIDI data as it is received in the following ways Normal the default means the incoming MIDI data is unchanged Remap takes the incoming notes and treats them as if they were being produced by the PC88 s keyboard they get split into four different Zones according to their note numbers and sent out the appropriate channels Any notes that lie in two overlapping Zones will be sent out on both Zones MIDI channels Channel numbers on incoming notes are ignored Non note information controllers pitchbend etc will be sent out on all active channels for example if the four Zones of a Setup are transmitting on channels 2 5 9 and 12 any Pitchbend information coming into the PC88 on any channel will be regurgitated on channels 2 5 9 and 12 simultaneously Musician s Guide 9 3 Global Parameters Merge mixes the incoming MIDI data with the data being generated by the PC88 keyboard and sends the combined data
133. nts The Default Setup s parameters are shown on the following page Mock Synthesis Most people are surprised at the amazing sonic potential in a synthesizer with no actual program editing The good news is that this potential exists for any MIDI sound module under the PC88 s control The PC88 does its thing with standard MIDI commands mostly with the Continuous Control Messages Like program changes and notes these messages are sent on a per channel basis Once received the slave device responds accordingly until it receives another message of the same type or is told to reset somehow If you move a MIDI volume slider down the receiver will lower that channel s volume until it receives a new volume message or is told to reset Why is the Panic button important Consider this example There are two single zone MIDI setups each playing the same MIDI channel The first set up has a slider sending Volume while the second has the same slider set to send Pan You could accidentally leave the first setup with the slider down and not hear anything when you try to use the second setup The entry and exit value parameters are a good way to keep this from happening but it is not always desirable to program setups in that way Even the factory MIDI setups do not always send exit values A common practice is to use the Panic button Press it once and it sends the Reset all Controllers message This tells the receivers to return Modulation to 0 Volume
134. nvokes a special broadcast mode any PC88 on the MIDI line regardless of its device ID will respond to a PC88 whose ID is 127 The Device ID gets stored as part of the Setup information when you dump a Setup into a sequencer or other storage device so when you load it back into the PC88 9 4 PC88 Global Parameters the Device IDs must agree or the PC88 will ignore it If you want to make sure the Setup can be sent back into any PC88 set the Device ID to 127 before you dump it Transmit Buttons Xmit Buttons lets you transmit every button press on a PC88 as a MIDI System Exclusive command This allows you to have a sequencer memorize all of your moves when programming or playing the instrument for playback later Transmit Reverb Sysex This parameter lets you transmit your current PC88 effects settings to a sequencer whenever you select a Setup Since Xmit Rvb Sysex can create a large amount of MIDI data however it should normally be set to Off When Xmit Rvb Sysex is set to On the PC88 will send SysEx messages describing its current effects settings whenever you select a Setup This means that when you subsequently transmit from the sequencer to the PC88 the effects settings you ve saved will be used instead of the PC88 s defaults Memory Available The PC88 has a generous amount of on board memory but it s not inexhaustible If you find that you re storing huge numbers of Setups and wonder how long you can keep it
135. o Tom Ambient Lo Tom Synth Lo Tom F 1 Lo Tom Ambient Lo Tom Synth Lo Tom Mid Tom Ambient Mid Tom Synth Mid Tom Mid Tom Ambient Mid Tom Synth Mid Tom Hi Tom Ambient Hi Tom Synth Hi Tom Hi Tom Ambient Hi Tom Synth Hi Tom Dual Snare Ambient Snare Synth Snare Dual Snare Ambient Snare Synth Snare Dual Snare Ambient Snare Synth Snare Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Closed Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Slightly Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat Open Hi Hat Fully Open Hi Hat Fully Open Hi Hat Fully Open Hi Hat Fully Open Hi Hat Fully Open Hi Hat Fully Open Hi Hat Pedal Hi Hat Pedal Hi Hat Pedal Hi Hat Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Crash Cymbal Dual Ride Rim gt Bell Dual Ride Rim gt Bell Dual Ride Rim gt Bell Ride Rim Ride Rim Ride Rim Dual Ride Dual Ride Dual Ride Ride Bell Ride Bell Ride Bell Lo Conga Tone Lo Conga Tone Lo Conga Tone C 4 Mid Conga Tone Mid Conga Tone Mid Conga Tone D4 Conga Buba Stroke Conga Buba Stroke Conga Buba Stroke D 4 Conga Tone C
136. o sound if you wish you can adjust the volume slider to hear them Press the Zone 3 button This will run all of the available tests in sequence displaying the name of each as it executes After each test finishes the LCD will show Pass or Fail in the upper right hand corner You must press any button or keyboard key to continue with the next test in the sequence Three tests in the sequence require special treatment the MIDI UART Test the VGM Port Test and the Sound Test The MIDI UART Test requires that a MIDI cable be connected between the MIDI Out and MIDI In connectors on the back of the unit If this MIDI cable is not installed the G 1 PC88 Internal Diagnostics test will fail If this test passes however even when there is nothing connected to the MIDI In connector there is a problem with the unit The VGM Port Test requires a VGM option to be installed If no VGM option is installed the test will fail If on the other hand there is a VGM option installed the PC88 will use it to play five test tones in sequence You must press a button or keyboard key after each tone sounds in order to advance to the next These tones are likely to be very loud and potentially destructive so be sure to set the PC88 s volume slider to its minimum setting before running the diagnostic tests You can adjust the volume slider after each tone begins to sound The Sound Test produces five test tones in sequence You must press a button
137. onga Tone Conga Tone Musician s Guide C 3 Drum sounds Kurzweil Drums Conga Tone Ambient Conga Tone Conga Tone Conga Tap Tap gt Howl Tone Conga Tap Tap gt Howl Tone Conga Tap Tap gt Howl Tone Conga Slap Conga Slap Conga Slap Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa Cabasa Shaker Shaker Shaker Shaker Shaker Shaker Claves Claves Claves Lo Timbale Lo Timbale Lo Timbale Lo Timbale Lo Timbale Lo Timbale Hi Timbale Hi Timbale Hi Timbale Hi Timbale Hi Timbale Hi Timbale Lo Cowbell Lo Cowbell House Cowbell Lo Agogo Lo Agogo Lo Agogo Lo Agogo Muted Lo Agogo Muted Lo Agogo Muted Mid Agogo Mid Agogo Mid Agogo Mid Agogo Muted Mid Agogo Muted Mid Agogo Muted Hi Agogo Hi Agogo Hi Agogo Hi Agogo Muted Long Guiro Hi Agogo Muted Long Guiro Hi Agogo Muted Long Guiro Long Guiro Long Guiro Long Guiro Short Guiro Short Guiro Short Guiro Tambourine Tambourine Tambourine Tambourine Tambourine Tambourine Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle Triangle Muted Triangle Muted Triangle Muted Lo Woodblock Lo Woodblock Lo Woodblock Hi Woodblock Lo Samba Whistle Hi Woodblock Lo Samba Whistle Hi Woodblock Lo Samba Whistle
138. or press Internal Voices then a Sound Select button without pressing Store to go back to the old settings When you store anything to the Internal Voices you are storing all of the current operating parameters velocity transposition controller definitions etc There is only one storage area for Internal Voices parameters so when you store parameters to it all previous settings are erased Of course if some parameters haven t been changed the new settings will be the same as the old Effects do not have to be manually stored with a Voice that happens automatically As we ve seen each Voice can have its own Effects settings If you change the effects on any Voice the settings are remembered so the next time you call up the Voice the effects will be as you left them 440 Tuned Piano Voices Unless otherwise noted piano programs are beat tuned like an acoustic piano Since the higher harmonics of a stretched string tend to be sharper than those of the real harmonic series beat tuning ensures that the piano remains in tune with itself harmonically Beat tuning is sometimes referred to as solo or stretched tuning Some programs though such as ClassPiano 440 offer straight tuning where the fundamental of each note is tuned to A440 This allows for better mixing with other acoustic and electronic instruments This type of tuning therefore is sometimes known as ensemble tuning Ride Cymbal and Metronome Click Ride Cym
139. ore than 32 odd or 32 even notes at a time This mapping of the keyboard is also applied to outgoing MIDI data odd numbered notes are sent out channel 1 and even numbered ones channel 2 If you have two identical synths receiving on the two channels say each with 16 voice polyphony you can set one to channel 1 and the other to channel 2 and thereby combine them to create a single 32 voice instrument and you don t need the VGM board to do this You can use three Zones this way 1 of 3 2 of 3 3 of 3 or even if you re really ambitious all four Zones 1 of 4 etc These maps won t accomplish much on the PC88 but they can come in handy with external synths Transpose This is a simple menu it has but one item This parameter changes the pitch of the Zone without changing its position on the keyboard It also changes the MIDI note numbers generated by the keys in the Zone without physically shifting the Zone The range is 127 semitones Since there are 12 semitones or half steps to an octave you can transpose up or down over ten octaves If you transpose out of the range of the active voice however no notes will sound beyond MIDI note numbers no notes will transmit If the Note Map is set to Const then this parameter determines what note will be transmitted over the Zone the sort of thing that comes in handy when you re laying a ride cymbal over a bass or a wood block over a flute Intuitive Entry can be used with th
140. ortant settings are made from the menu under the Global button As the name implies these parameters are not Zone or channel specific but affect the entire instrument The table below summarizes these parameters Parameter Local Control Clock Range of Values On Off Internal External Transmit Clock Off On Seq Touch Easiest Hardest Efx Chg Mode Panel Prog Setup All Chg Setups Immed Keys Up Setup Change Channel None 1 16 MIDI In Normal Remap Merge Tuning 100 to 100 cents Recv Trans 64 to 63 semitones Bank Sel Ctl 0 32 0 32 0or32 All Notes Off Respond Ignore General MIDI Off On Device ID 0 127 Xmit Buttons Off On Xmit Rvb Sysex Off On Mem Avail View only Reset PC88 Press Enter to Reset Dump all Setups Press Enter to dump Setups MIDIScope Press Enter for MIDIScope Musician s Guide 9 1 Global Parameters Local Control Clock This turns local control of the PC88 on and off This function is very important in a large studio Here s why If the PC88 is the master keyboard for a sequencer and at the same time is acting as a multi timbral instrument it s essential that the performance section the keys and controllers and the sound producing section the voice banks be independent from each other That way when you are playing a part on the keyboard into the sequencer that is meant to be heard on a different instrumen
141. orted Guitar Synth Brass 1 Halo Pad Applause Guitar Harmonics Synth Brass 2 Sweep Pad Gun Shot Musician s Guide B 1 VGM Board Voices Expansion voices Expansion voices This list shows the voices in the Expansion bank Bank2 on the VGM board that are available when the PC88 is not in General MIDI mode Any of these voices including the GM drum sets are accessible on any MIDI channel These numbers assume the Program Number Display parameter is set for 0 127 add 1 if it is set for 1 128 Sounds marked with an asterisk have a special Key based Pitchbend mode When these sounds are being played and you move the pitch wheel only notes whose keys are actually being held down will change in pitch Other notes which may be sounding either because they are being held by the sustain pedal or they have a long release enve lope will not change in pitch Additional controller assignments are shown in the footnotes below Ragtime Piano Sax Section Synth Ensemble Tack Piano 2 VibratoTrumpet Syn Pad St Trem E Pno TrumpetSection BrightSynBrass Jazz Organ 3 L Trombone Fluty Lead Rock Organ 3 L Tuba Fr Horn Synth FX 1 Full Pipes 2 SW Brass Section Synth FX 2 Reed Pipes SW Soft Section Dual E Bass 2 Church Pipes LD Orchestra 1 SS Synth Bass 1 Chiff Pipes 2 SW Orchestra 2 CH2 Dance Bas
142. orus 2 or Delay the drum kits and percussion sounds such as ride cymbal and click will not be affected They will be processed by the reverb however Musician s Guide Effects Editing MIDI Control of Effects MIDI Control of Effects The PC88 s effects can be controlled by MIDI Continuous Controller commands These commands can originate from the physical controllers on the PC88 or from an external MIDI source like a sequencer Each processor has its own Controllers Controller number Function 83 Internal Algorithm select 90 VGM Algorithm select 91 Internal Reverb Wet the default assignment for Slider A 92 VGM Reverb Wet 93 Internal Effects Wet the default assignment for Slider B 94 VGM Effects Wet To select an Algorithm you must send a particular Controller value second data byte which recalls the Algorithm from a fixed table in software See Appendix D for the complete list of Algorithms and controller values Transmitting PC88 Effects Settings to a Sequencer The Xmit Rvb Sysex parameter from the Global menu allows you to send SysEx messages describing the PC88 s current effects settings when you call a Setup This means that when you subsequently transmit from the sequencer to the PC88 the effects settings you ve saved will be used instead of the PC88 s defaults 7 4 PC88 MIDI Receive Chapter 8 MIDI Receive With its wide range of voices high polyphony and m
143. osen by sending a specific MIDI Controller message The value second data byte of the controller calls up the algorithm as listed in this table To select the Algorithm for the Internal effects use Controller 83 53H followed by the value in the table Example If you want to have a Bright Hall reverb with no other effect send Controller 83 with a value of 77 4DH To select the Algorithm for the effects on the VGM use Controller 90 5AH followed by the value in the table For example if you want to have a Normal Room reverb with Chorus 1 send Controller 90 with a value of 86 56H Value decimal None None None None Room Room Room Room Stage Stage Stage Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Nn Stage Hall Hall Hall Hall None None None None Bright Bright Bright Bright Bright Normal Normal Normal Normal Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay Musician s Guide D 1 Effects Algorithms Value decimal 85 Room Normal None 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 Room Room Room Stage Stage Stage Stage Hall Hall Hall Hall None Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Warm Chorus 1 Chorus 2 Delay None
144. ould assign MIDI Controller 10 to one of the physical controllers and then set an Entry Value of 64 Or perhaps you want to make sure that all of the modulation in a Zone is turned off when you select a Setup Assign MIDI Controller 1 to a physical controller and set its Entry Value to 0 Entry values ignore the current position of the physical controller when the Setup is selected In fact if the physical controller is above or below the Entry Value when the Setup is selected which it often is moving the controller will have no effect until it is past its entry value In the modulation example moving the assigned controller won t turn on any modulation until it s pushed all the way down and then up again An Entry Value of None is quite different from a value of 0 None means that there will be no initial controller command when the Setup is selected and any subsequent movement of the physical controller will be effective The position of the physical controller when the Setup is first selected however is still ignored Exit Value tells the PC88 to send a value for that controller whenever you leave the Setup either by selecting another Setup or by switching to Internal Voices mode It can be very useful when a controller is doing something special to the sound which you don t want to continue after you leave the Setup For example if you want to make sure a Zone s pan position is centered whenever you leave a Setup you would give an
145. our own default parameter settings Storing a Setup Names In Chapter 3 we discussed storing data with an Internal Voice The Voice itself can t be modified but the performance parameters affecting all of the Internal Voices can be saved to the internal defaults memory In Setups mode the story is quite different Each Setup has four complete set of parameters one for each Zone and saving parameters for one Setup has no effect on any other Setup The Store button starts the procedure When you press it the display asks if you want to Replace setup and the name and number of the current Setup as shown below EePlace setut 37 HHS ERass E Pra If you press Enter now you will replace the old version of the current Setup with your newly edited version If you want to store the new Setup to a different location you can scroll to it with the Alpha wheel or enter its Setup number with the numeric keypad For convenience you can immediately find the first empty Setup location by pressing the increment and decrement buttons and under the Alpha wheel simultaneously Whenever you have selected an empty location the display asks you if you want to save to the Setup at the selected location with a message such as this one Save setut 337 63 EBazz E Pro Press Enter and it s done You can also select a Setup location with the alpha wheel the numeric keypad or increment decrement buttons one at a ti
146. p The effects parameters are stored with the Setup just like the Arpeggiator parameters Once you start editing an effects Algorithm do not change Algorithms until you Save the Setup or you will lose all of your edits Moving to a new Algorithm calls up that Algorithm s default values which override any others Also don t call up an Internal Voice or you ll lose your entire edit Effects and all Each Internal Voice has its own Effects setting so calling one will put its combination in place wiping out your edits And remember the Effects that accompany Internal Voices always use default values 7 2 PC88 Effects Editing VGM Effects VGM Effects WGM We still haven t looked at the VGM board s effects processor If you have the VGM board installed press the right cursor button assuming you re still in the Effects menu to see more parameters Another way to get here is to press both cursor buttons from an Internal effects parameter These parameters affect the VGM sounds Banks 1 3 whether they re being played locally or from MIDI VGM effects parameters are stored with Setups just like the Internal effects parameters The lights in the Effects section of the front panel will follow the Algorithm of the whichever processor is being used in the current Zone that is if the current Zone uses a voice from Bank 0 the lights will show the Internal effects Algorithm if the current Zone s voice is from a diffe
147. plug one blade wider than the other This is a safety feature If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet contact an electrician to replace your obsolete outlet Do not defeat the safety purpose of the plug The product should be serviced by qualified service personnel when A The plug has been damaged or B Objects have fallen upon or liquid has been spilled into the product or C The product has been exposed to rain or D The product does not appear to be operating normally or exhibits a marked change in performance or E The product has been dropped or the enclosure damaged Do not attempt to service the product All servicing should be referred to qualified service personnel WARNING Do not place the power cord or the product in a position where anyone could trip over walk on or roll equipment over them Do not allow the product to rest on or be installed over cords of any type Do not place the power module where it cannot receive cooling air such as under a rug Improper installations of this type may create the possibility of a fire hazard and or personal injury RADIO AND TELEVISION INTERFERENCE Warning Changes or modifications to this instrument not expressly approved by Young Chang could void your authority to operate the instrument Important When connecting this product to accessories and or other equipment use only high quality shielded cables Note This instrument has been tested and found to comply wit
148. previously The Zone buttons 1 2 3 and 4 are all lit green showing they are all playing Setup ID Setup number name 5416 Wolume Sliders Al 1i5tade Piano A eei Setup Current Zone s number group amp button 8 Program name Selecting Parameters The Voice or program assigned to a Zone is just one of its parameters Let s look at some of the others Press MIDI Transmit The upper half of the display shows the Zone number the bank number and the program number this information is almost always there when you re editing zone parameters The lower half of the display shows the MIDI channel that the Zone will transmit on 1 There are other MIDI parameters available on this menu which are accessed by pressing the right cursor gt gt gt button The first parameter you come across is the destination of the notes played in the Zone do they play the sounds within the PC88 Local or do they go out the MIDI jack MIDI or both The next parameters accessed by the cursor button are Pitch Bend range coarse and fine You can get back to the first parameter by scrolling with the left cursor lt lt lt button or by pressing MIDI Transmit again pressing a Zone Parameter button always gets you to the first item on its menu Another menu of parameters is accessed by pressing the Program button under Zone Parameters The first parameter you see is the Voice assigned to the Zone with its name and number Pr
149. que edicte par le ministere des Communications du Canada ii PC88 Young Chang Distributors Contact the nearest Young Chang office listed below to locate your local Young Chang Kurzweil representative Young Chang America Inc 13336 Alondra Blvd Cerritos CA 90703 2245 Tel 562 926 3200 Fax 562 404 0748 Young Chang Kang Nam P O Box 998 Seoul Korea Tel 011 82 2 3451 3500 Fax 011 82 2 3451 3599 Young Chang Akki Europe GmbH Industriering 45 D 41751 Viersen Germany Tel 011 49 2162 4491 Fax 011 49 2162 41744 Young Chang Canada Corp 250 Shields Court Unit 11 Markham Ontario L3R 9W7 Tel 905 948 8052 Fax 905 948 8172 Musician s Guide PC88 Specifications Physical Electrical Environme Audio Height Width Length Weight Voltage Range Frequency Range Input Voltage Power Consumption ntal Temperature Operating Temperature Storage Relative Humidity Operating and Storage Output Connection Impedance Output Level Dynamic Range 45 16 10 95 cm 14 35 6 cm 545 16 137 95 cm 55 lbs 25 kg 120 VAC 240 VAC 100 125 Volts RMS 200 250 Volts RMS 48 65 Hz 48 65 Hz 9 5 Volts AC 9 5 Volts AC 2 0 Amps maximum 2 0 Amps maximum 40 to 104 F 5 to 40 C 13 to 185 F 225 to 85 C 5 to 95 non condensing 2x1 4 Mono Phone Plug 2K Ohms 3 5 Volts RMS Max 1 Volt RMS Nominal 7108 dB A Weighted PC88 Young Ch
150. r it executes its assignments for all four zones The next parameter for the Switch controllers is On Controller On Ctrl This determines what MIDI Controller or other message will be sent when the switch is on either pressed or Musician s Guide 5 15 Zone Parameters Controllers toggled the first time The list of available controllers is the same as for the continuous controllers and can be accessed the same way Then comes On Value the value of the Controller when the switch is on In the case of conventionally switched functions such as sustain the On Value will be 127 For example the default for Switch Pedal 1 is Controller 64 Sustain with an On Value of 127 However you might want to use a button or pedal as a soft switch in which case you might set On Ctrl to 7 Volume and On Value to 50 On Value can also be set to None so that turning on the switch has no effect at all in this Zone which can be useful when you are using one switch for multiple functions in different Zones Off Ctrl is the MIDI Controller or other message that is sent when the switch is turned off either released or toggled a second time Whenever you set the On Controller it automatically sets this parameter as well to match If you want the Off Controller to be something else however you can change it after setting the On Controller A situation where this might come in handy is when you want to switch a sy
151. r on the numeric keypad and you can now create a name for the Setup before you save it If you don t the Setup will be named Setup 33 To change the letters in the name first select which letter to change with the cursor keys and then change each letter with the Alpha wheel Press Enter when you re done and the display again asks Save Setup 33 Press Enter and the new Setup with its new name is stored as Setup 33 There s more about saving and naming in the next chapter 4 4 PC88 Zone Parameters Chapter 5 Zone Parameters This chapter describes all of the menus you can access from the top row of Zone Parameter buttons These include MIDI Transmit Program Key Range Transpose Velocity and Controllers Zone Parameters Sa aaa MIDI Transmit Program Key Range Transpose Velocity Controllers Before we dig into the Zone Parameters let s review a few things that if you keep in mind will make your life easier First Zones You select which Zone you are working on with the four Zone buttons press a button once to make it current The current Zone number will be shown at the upper left of the display If a button is showing green and no other button is red then it is playing i e you can hear it If it is orange it is muted To mute the current Zone press its button To mute a Zone that s not current press its button twice You can solo the current Zon
152. r you You may notice that some keys are silent this is to allow for the natural silences in the rhythms being used You should still play these keys with an equal eighth note duration African Durah Bah first note lowest key on keyboard Fe at ee wee ga pe carrie Qub E be tM EARE a a E ee E EM E T African Bricambo Thre A ginst Two Rhythm qo pgs 2 TEX erabe belii 2d t Latin Tumbao 0 Cuban Cha Cha EE Cuban Mambo a To make up your own rhythms simply play an even eighth note scale of your own liking anywhere on the keyboard You can also try playing a different scale down than you play up or even try playing arpeggios Have fun Musician s Guide C 5 Drum Sounds Orchestral Percussion Orchestral Percussion This kit Program Change 62 in the Expansion Bank on the VGM board provides an array of Orchestral Percussion sounds Notice that many of these sounds are duplicated on adjacent keys to make it easy to play patterns such as rolls fas
153. red Parameters if you want to adjust the pitchbend range on one of those you ll have to do it by hand The PC88 not only sends them it also recognizes them so if you send the PC88 these commands from an external source like another PC88 it will respond accordingly See Appendix F for more information about Registered Parameters Parameter Values Program 0 127 name Bank 0 Internal Voices 16383 127 127 press Entry Transmit Off On Bank Mode None Ctl 0 Ctl 32 Ctl 0 32 K2000 K1000 PNumDisp 0 127 1 128 11 88 A1 H8 PNameDisp Off Internal Gen MIDI The first parameter under this button selects the program assigned to the Zone When you first enter this menu you have the choice of selecting among the 64 Internal Voices Use the Sound Select and Previous or Next Group buttons just as you would in Internal Voices mode or use the wheel and buttons in the Data Entry section or use Intuitive Entry with any controller Don t press the Internal Voices button or you will leave Setups mode and lose everything you ve done on this Setup If the Zone has been turned off the program name will be Zone Off Setting a program selects a voice for the Zone and also sends a Program Change command out the MIDI cable on the channel assigned to the Zone This is how you use the PC88 to select programs on your other instruments As we saw in the last chapter if the VGM board is installed you can
154. rent bank the lights will follow changes in the VGM effects Algorithm Changing the algorithm in the Internal effects will not change the algorithm in the VGM effects or vice versa Nor will changing one effects Algorithm change any parameters in the other effects processor so if you have a set of parameters you like in one processor you don t have to worry about losing them while you fool around with the other processor Copying Effects Sometimes you will want to have the two effects processors be quite different and sometimes especially when you are in 64 voice mode you will want them to be identical An easy way to achieve the latter is to use the Copy function Make sure that one of the Internal effects parameters is showing on the display and press Copy The display asks Copy Int effect and you press Enter to do so Press Effects to go back to the effects parameters and scroll with the right cursor until you get to a VGM effects parameter Press Copy and scroll once to the right The display says Paste VGM effect Press Enter and the parameters from the Internal processor are loaded into the VGM processor Press Store so you don t lose everything You can of course go the other way around and copy from the VGM to the Internal You can also copy either of the parameter sets to a different Setup pasting into either the VGM or Internal processor Effects and Drum Sounds If the VGM algorithm includes Chorus 1 Ch
155. rough this jack The PC88 can send information on up to four MIDI channels simultaneously depending on the configuration of the keyboard zones 2 2 PC88 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls MIDI Thru Out serves two functions depending on the position of the recessed slide switch MIDI Select to the left of the MIDI In jack In the Out position the jack doubles as a second Out jack and sends MIDI data being created by the PC88 Since you can t just split a MIDI line with a Y cable having a second Out jack makes it more convenient to hook up multiple instruments that are being driven directly from the PC88 In the Thru position this jack sends MIDI data which is being sent to the PC88 echoing what appears at the MIDI In jack without any delay but not data being generated by the PC88 itself In this configuration you can daisy chain multiple MIDI instruments which are under the control of something else like a sequencer through the PC88 There is also a special Merge feature that combines these functions We ll talk about it in Chapter 9 Front Panel Controls Display LCD The LCD display is your window into the PC88 In two lines of text and numbers it tells you w
156. s OO CO NI DD oO FP WB N RI O Acous Guitar 2 Pizzy N Timpani BR e 12 Str Guitar 2 Pizzis N OrchPercussion PB BR um Jazz Guitar 8veStrings Latin Perc PB BR N Ch Jazz Guitar Soft Strings N Congatone BR w Ch Strat CH Strings 2 N Steel Drums un re Muted Strat Att Vel Str 2 N Glockenspiel ji al Legato Flute Touch Strings2 M StandardKit N nA oO Dolce Flute Stereo String2 M Room Kit N BR N Clarinet String Pad 2 M Power Kit N Vib Clarinet amp Str Pad 2 Bassoon Oboe SP amp Strings 2 M Synth Kit N Slo Bsn Oboe SP Choir M Brush Kit N Solo Strings CathedralChoir G G G GM Elec Kit N G G G M Orch Kit N Legato Fiddle amp Choir Kurz Clean Kit PB Legato Sax Bells amp Strings Kurz Amb Kit PB Baritone Sax Glass Pad Alto Sax Footnotes Space Pad Kurz Synth Kit PB L Soft Pedal Controller 67 enables rotary speaker SW Soft Pedal Controller 67 causes decrescendo LD Soft Pedal Controller 67 disables layer CH Soft Pedal Controller 67 mutes strings SP Soft Pedal Controller 67 changes split point N Soft Pedal Controller 67 has no effect CH2 Soft Pedal Controller 67 changes brass to woodwinds SS
157. s RU Me DEN VR UAE 5 5 Program Name Display viii td ici 5 6 TT aN a oasis a C ew Dr 5 6 Ibo dl AS concede cai be bees E EE 5 6 Note O 5 6 MEATUS POSE siria 5 7 Velocity ern 5 8 A Mr E E 5 8 V elootty OTI S cce scd env esa eu putet eae ad east erii 5 8 Velocity Pu cM UN IRE EE 5 9 Velocity Minimum Velocity Maximum esee 5 10 Control eee ve rene n e XN VARRAEDU UI E d EPA IAS eS MUT suo Vea eU TUR Rage uo opa QR EROR E 5 11 CHINAS A TOUTS iore aeo iste tenenti D Rp Vidi tates Bu iesu eda san 5 12 Th Continuous Controllers opcre red ee ete erroe e Reed dn RERO eia 5 12 MIDI Controllers and Other Parameters ii 5 13 CANN ueste deae LEE i M A E 5 14 Entry and Exit Values ate Ee ae n idiota 5 15 The Switch Controller adsueti etg o Rai eq nd Vides uds 5 15 Do These Parameters Always Mean Something sse 5 16 Dowd Need AIF Those Pedals 2235554 etude ebd diosa dbi Vds ddp 5 17 Multiple Controllers ais rad 5 17 Copying Parallels coda e a edema se astea teeter Ce ed doped de 5 17 Storing acti 5 19 l Euc 5 19 DIM qSelupz Socius dde titi es ai ets ado iens 5 20 E E 5 20 The PRTC UAE ui A GR HOD UR Mna M 6 1 PAT 9S SO E O 6 2 Key Rai A 6 2 TOC ii Lateh Mode e eee diete Ee ede E 6 3 Play Ordet edt eux UEM suben i eM rM dem iN 6 3 Berti dao 6 4 Initial Tempor ri a 6 4 Duration A penne S 6 4 Velocity Mode and Fixed Veloci
158. s that applies to all of the Internal Voices Here s an example of how to change the Internal Voices parameters From any Internal Voice press the MIDI Transmit button under Zone Parameters The bottom line of the display says MIDI Channel 01 meaning that the PC88 is transmitting all MIDI data on channel 1 Use the alpha wheel to change the MIDI channel to 06 and then press the Store button The display asks if you want to store a Setup with a particular number Instead of pressing Enter press the Internal Voices button The display will change to ask if you want to store the changed parameter to the Internal Voices Now push Enter in the numeric keypad and the new data is stored From now on whenever you are in Internal Voices mode the PC88 will transmit on MIDI channel 6 until you change it again Let s try another example Press the Velocity button under Zone Parameters The display shows the velocity scale factor Vel Scale which is 100 the sound responds directly and faithfully to the keyboard velocity Hold down the Enter key and move any slider upwards until the display reads 200 Now play the keyboard The velocity response has been expanded the keyboard is now much more sensitive to louder notes If you were now to press Store Internal Voices and Enter this would become a permanent characteristic of every Internal Voice Of course if you don t want to do that we won t blame you Reset the velocity to 10076
159. single mixer channel available Use both jacks for stereo Audio Outs ___ Left Mono O The headphone jack carries the same signal as the main outputs and is useful for solo practicing or monitoring It provides a stereo signal using a standard 1 4 inch tip ring sleeve configuration Plugging it in does not disconnect the main outputs Musician s Guide 2 1 Setup Connections and Controls Connections Pedals Switch Pedal 1 Controller 64 Sustain The PC88 has jacks for connecting up to four external control pedals Continuous Control Pedals and two foot switches Switch Pedals The control pedals are typically used for continuous functions like volume or stereo pan while the switches are used for on off operations like sustain sostenuto or to shift to the next setup The action of every pedal is programmable within each zone a pedal may have one function in one zone and a totally different function even a directly opposite function in another zone Switch Pedals mz Continuous Control Pedals e OQ Oe QOQOQOQ e There s no need to connect the pedals in any particular order you can have any combination of pedals plugged in and active at any time The control pedals should be 10kQ linear taper potentiometers with 1 4 tip ring sleeve plugs These are available from Kurzweil Young Chang Model CC 1 as well as other manufacturers The switch pedals use two conduc
160. soloed Fone o Alas HHS Didital EPiano Now you have two octaves of electric piano but it s pitched rather high Press the Transpose button and move the Alpha wheel counterclockwise until the display says Transposition 12 This brings the sound of the zone down an octave without changing its position on the keyboard ones 3 B TransPosition 12 For Zone 4 use the top octave of the keyboard C7 C8 and select your own instrument and transposition Now you ve got a complete Setup Just for fun change the Hi limit of Zone 2 the strings to C8 Since zones can overlap freely this will extend the string sound so that it acts as a pad underneath the sounds in the upper two zones Now press the Solo button to turn it off and listen to all four of your newly edited zones 1 6 PC88 Introducing the PC88 A Note About the VGM Board and the PC88mx If you would like to store this Setup press the Store button and see Replace Setup 16 Now move the alpha wheel clockwise until it stops asking to replace existing setups and instead says Save Setup 33 or Save Setup 65 if you have VGM installed Press the Enter button now and it will save the new Setup Exiting Without Changing a Setup If you don t want to save the Setup press MIDI Setups followed by the sound select button that lights up when you press MIDI Setups this returns you to the unedited Setup Alternatively you can go directly to Internal Voic
161. spose Up 5 14 Tuning 9 4 Tuning Bank Select F 5 Tuning Program Select F 5 U Unpacking the PC88 1 2 V Vel Curve 5 8 Vel Max 5 8 Vel Min 5 8 Vel Offset 5 8 Vel Scale 5 8 Velocity button 5 8 Velocity Curve 5 9 Velocity Maximum 5 10 Velocity Minimum 5 10 Velocity Mode with Arpeggiator 6 4 Velocity Offset 5 8 Velocity Scale 5 8 VGM banks 3 4 VGM board 1 7 8 2 VGM Eff Delay 7 3 VGM Eff Wet 7 3 VGM effects 7 3 VGM Rev Time 7 3 VGM Rev Wet 7 3 VGM Setups E 3 VGM voices B 1 VGMFx 7 3 Volume 5 13 master 2 10 W Warm 7 1 Wheel 1 Down 5 11 Wheel 1 Up 5 11 Wheel 2 5 11 X XMit Buttons 9 5 Xmit Rvb Sysex 7 4 9 5 Z Zone button lights 4 3 Zone buttons 1 5 2 4 Zone Enable with Arpeggiator 6 2 Zone parameters 2 5 5 1 and Internal Voices 5 1 copying 5 17 selecting 4 2 Zones 4 1 active 2 4 4 2 copying 5 18 current 2 4 4 2 muted 2 4 4 2 selecting 4 2 soloed 2 4 4 2 Musician s Guide Index 5 Index 6 PC88 Internal Voices Appendix A Internal Voices This appendix shows the 64 Internal Voices in the PC88 Bank 0 They are arranged in families that you access by pressing the Next Group and Previous Group buttons These numbers assume the Program Number Display parameter is set for 0 127 the default for Internal Voices mode add 1 if it s set for 1 128 Any physical controllers that will affect the sounds are listed Where attack and or release velocity have a special func
162. ssando On Off Musician s Guide 6 1 The Arpeggiator The illustration below shows the processing order the PC88 uses to create arpeggios from your keyboard input Zone 1 Processing Zone 2 Processing Note Zone Processing Enables Zone 3 Processing Zone 4 Processing Arpeggiator Active The first parameter on the Arpeggiator menu is Arp Active is the Arpeggiator On or Off This can be switched from here or for convenience in live performance it can be switched using MIDI Controller number 116 This can either be assigned to a PC88 physical controller or come from an external MIDI source Key Range Notes played on the keyboard within the range specified by the Key Range parameter will be processed by the Arpeggiator while notes outside will not but they will play normally Setting the Key Range Hi and Low notes can be done with the Data Entry wheel or buttons or by using Intuitive Entry press and hold Enter and play the note you want Zone Enable Zone Enable determines whether the Arpeggiator will play notes in the selected Zone Turning some Zones On and not others means that some Voices will be Arpeggiated and some will not If all Zone Enables are Off then the Arpeggiator won t do anything The Arpeggiator not only produces notes from the PC88 it can also control external MIDI instruments Just as if you were playing the keyboard normally the notes produced by the Arpe
163. stream out the MIDI Out jack Channel numbers of incoming commands remain intact Both note and non note messages are passed normally but System Exclusive messages are filtered out The MIDI Thru jack still works normally Tuning and Receive Transpose Changing the Tuning parameter raises or lowers the pitch of the PC88 by up to a semitone in 1 cent 1 100th of a semitone increments Changing Receive Transpose Recv Trans raises or lowers the pitch a semitone at a time up to 64 semitones The PC88 doesn t care which Zone is selected when you adjust these parameters the whole instrument changes pitch Bank Select Control Bank Sel Ctl determines how the PC88 will respond to incoming Bank Select messages to switch among the Internal and the VGM banks How Bank Select is transmitted is set under the Bank Transmit option on the Program menu in Chapter 5 Bank Select can be a great source of confusion since instruments from different manufacturers may interpret Bank Select messages differently This parameter offers the most flexibility possible and should be set so that it agrees with the sequencer or other MIDI device that will be sending the Bank Select messages The choices are to respond only to Controller 0 to respond only to Controller 32 to respond only if both Controllers are sent together or to respond to either Controller Note that if the VGM board is not present switching a channel to any bank except 0 will render tha
164. t channel silent All Notes Off All Notes Off specifies how the PC88 will respond to a standard MIDI All Notes Off message controller 123 Normally when this message is received a synthesizer should stop playing any notes being held Respond However some keyboards notably those from Roland and even sequencers generate All Notes Off messages too frequently and can cause notes to cut off prematurely If this is a problem in your setup set this parameter to Ignore In fact you can usually set this to Ignore no matter what your setup is it is quite possible to lead a happy and productive MIDI life without ever responding to an All Notes Off General MIDI Turning on the General MIDI parameter sends out the MIDI message General MIDI On to any GM compatible synthesizers that are receiving MIDI from the PC88 If the VGM board is installed it also puts the PC88 into General MIDI mode and sets all channels to Bank 1 except channel 10 which is assigned to a special bank for drums Turning it off sends out the MIDI message General MIDI Off General MIDI is also discussed in Chapter 8 Device ID Device ID is a parameter to use when you re using more than one PC88 in a system If you need to address the instruments individually so that you can dump or load Setups to one and not the others then each must have a unique Device ID The Device ID defaults to 0 but you can set it to whatever number you want up to 126 Setting it to 127 i
165. t the PC88 doesn t play the same part using an internal sound and utterly confuse you This de coupling of the two parts of the instrument is known in MIDI parlance as Local Control Off When Local Control is on the instrument plays the sounds that you are playing on the keys When it is off the keys do not play the local sounds However the keys are still transmitting MIDI data it s the equivalent of setting the Destination for every Zone to MIDI only Also the PC88 is still receiving data as well so that incoming MIDI from a sequencer will make the instrument play If the sequencer has a loop thru function as most do then you can play the PC88 keyboard and hear the PC88 at the same time with the sequencer determining which channels and which sounds you are hearing This parameter and the Transmit Clock parameter deal with how MIDI Timing Clock messages are handled The Clock parameter determines whether the PC88 will generate its own MIDI Clocks or instead will listen to external Clock messages If itis set to Internal then the tempo of the Arpeggiator as well as the tempo of any sequencer drum machine or other variable tempo device connected to the PC88 can be controlled from the PC88 s own Tempo parameter This in turn can be assigned to a slider pedal or wheel If Clock is set to External the Arpeggiator will follow Clocks coming into the PC88 from an external source If there are no Clocks at the PC88 s
166. t repeated drumstrokes and flams fast double strokes simply by playing trills and grace notes g 2 acy 9 Su 5 2 2 0 22 555 EE EEE O 2 22 2225 gt gt 555 ul 10 0 rom ON o a oo AAA OO 555 mm oo o o o oo 999 lt lt a oo PD g c cc uy 2 BUD a oo GG G eo SS ooo oo SS S o 9 OO ccc Ler OOO z cm o O OO AGH OO Lit zz Freee o TOT NOTOMO EG VEY MEL Timpani _2 25 N 2L Glockenspiel 12 2 DOEEEEEEZ2g GS GES P E_SEOE P o ss22222 20829202 50 2302393 mu E ESE oOcS 959 cuc Oononnon0n00soZ toLtoo ockooso DO NHNHNNHHGCOO DO NO E SEFE oo Q GGGGgocclLcgqgi S 2z8 S 0 aonanan 24 G4 Om Pot UE soo O E E S 5 E a 2 a on D S y i LL 09 z o For example to play this typical march pattern 3 3 3 3 Field Drum Bass Drum play the following on the keyboard a paje e s eia se For a triangle roll play For a tambourine roll play C 6 PC88 Effects Algorithms Appendix D Effects Algorithms The following table shows the effects algorithms accessible on the PC88 either with or without the VGM board in stalled If the VGM board is installed two different effects Internal and VGM can be used simultaneously Algorithms are ch
167. t row of six are for accessing parameters within each of the four zones of a Setup while the ones in the bottom row are for dealing with Setup parameters global settings and memory functions Each of these buttons opens up a list or menu of parameters Some of the menus are very short as short as a single item while others have several dozen parameters Zone Parameters m MIDI Transmit Program KeyRange Transpose Velocity Controllers E 2 Arpeggiator Effects MIDI Receive Global Copy Store said Te U Chapters 4 and 5 have complete descriptions of using zones and zone parameters so for now we ll give a brief summary of these menus MIDI Transmit determines the MIDI channel the zone will send on as well as the destination of the played data whether it goes to the internal sounds and or the MIDI Out jack Also the pitchbend range of the Zone s destination channel is set here Program selects what voice or program will be used in the zone It also lets you determine whether a MIDI program change will be sent when the setup is called up whether a MIDI Bank Select message will be sent and what form it takes and how program numbers and names will be displayed for the voice assigned to the zone Key Range sets the high and low limits for the zone It also lets you set up maps for sending alternately played notes to different zones This is important whe
168. th 32 pre programmed Setups 64 if the VGM board is installed which are selected like the Internal Voices in groups of 16 The factory Setups make good templates for designing your own To get to them press the MIDI Setups button then use one of the data entry methods to indicate the Setup you want For this example press the MIDI Setups button followed by the Synth Pad button 16 The display as shown below now shows the name of the Setup Volume Sliders as well as its numbers The top number starting with S is the number of the Setup There are 128 slots for Setups altogether All of them even the ones that come with factory programs in them are user programmable Factory Setups will never be erased from ROM however What you are actually doing when you modify a Setup is saving over it into RAM with the same Setup number If you later delete the Setup in RAM the preset ROM program will again be stored at that number Next to the Setup number is the Setup name The bottom line of the display shows the group letter for the Setup A H the number of the preset button that calls it the Zone number 1 a colon and then the name of the Voice if Musician s Guide 4 1 Setups and Zones Selecting Parameters there is any in the current Zone Even though we are looking at only one Zone we are hearing four instruments simultaneously and so the sound coming from the PC88 is much thicker than we ve heard
169. the PC88 on any MIDI channels To leave MIDI Receive mode press any of the buttons in the top row of Zone Parameters to return to editing your setup Or press Internal Voices followed by a Sound Select button to return to Internal Voices mode If you came from a Setup and you changed the program on a channel assigned to a Zone in that Setup the Setup will now contain the new program in that Zone otherwise it will be just as you left it Musician s Guide 8 1 MIDI Receive General MIDI Considerations General MIDI Considerations BGM With the VGM board installed the PC88 can be configured to receive in General MIDI mode or it can receive in a mixed mode taking advantage of all of its sounds General MIDI GM mode is turned on using the General MIDI parameter under the Global menu It can also be turned on from an external MIDI device that sends the General MIDI On message which is defined in the MIDI Specification When GM mode is first turned on all Receive channels are set to Bank 1 The program number remains the same In this mode since all channels are drawing from the VGM board s sounds the maximum polyphony of the PC88 is 32 voices allocated dynamically across the 16 channels Channel 10 is the exception it goes into drum mode as the General MIDI spec requires and is set to Standard GM Set The General MIDI spec only specifies one drum set but the GS instruments from Roland which
170. the tone of the reverb Bright emphasizes the high frequency components of the reverb for simulating a room with hard surfaces Normal plays the reverb flat and Warm emphasizes the low frequencies in the reverb for simulating a room with soft surfaces such as furniture or curtains When the first button has shut the reverb off none of the tone lights will be lit The third button selects the chorus or delay effect It has four choices Chorus 1 which imparts a two voice chorus onto the sound Chorus 2 a more complex four voice chorus Delay which produces an echo effect and off The settings of the reverb and chorus delay controls are independent of each other and one can be used freely with or without the other If you change the settings on an Internal Voice the change is remembered and the new settings will appear every time you call up that Internal Voice Similarly in Setup mode the effects settings are automatically stored along with a Setup when you perform a Store operation Besides these simple adjustments there are many more ways to modify the effects in the PC88 See Chapter 7 for details 2 10 PC88 Internal Voices Chapter 3 Internal Voices Internal Voices mode lets you play one sound at a time across the PC88 keyboard The PC88 transmits on one MIDI channel and all of its real time controls are assigned to that channel You might think of the Internal Voices mode as the PC88 s digital piano mode it is
171. they didn t show up Arrange your setups for the night in the order you ll need them and use one Switch Pedal in every Setup for Setup Increment When you need more than one Setup in a tune set the Assignable Buttons to Goto Setup with the appropriate Setup numbers so you can move quickly Don t forget to set the Buttons in those Setups so you can get back If you have the VGM board create some 64 Voice Setups using Banks 0 and 3 with alternate note maps for Piano or Guitar solos Use lots of reverb and make sure the two processors are the same Create some Setups in which one or more Zones are muted when the Setup is called and then un mute them to broaden the sound as you play Design some Setups in which you crossfade between two Zones using one of the Pedals assign it to MIDI Controller 7 and set the Scaling on one Zone to 100 If one of the two Zones uses a sound from the Internal Voices bank and the other uses a VGM sound set up the two effects processors very differently so not only the sound but the whole space around it changes Have a drummer available at any time Set the On Ctrl for SwitchPdl 2 to Seq Start and the Off Ctrl to Seq Stop Set the SwType to Toggle Make sure in the Global menu that Clock is set to Internal and Clock Transmit is set to Seq Connect a reliable drum machine to the PC88 s MIDI Out jack and set it to receive external sync When you re ready for the drums press the pedal When you want to
172. times The display says Delete setup If the number is wrong change it with the alpha wheel or numeric keypad If the Setup is empty the display will say Not Found and nothing will happen Press the left cursor button or any Parameter button to bail out The factory programmed Setups in the first 32 locations 64 if you have a VGM board cannot be deleted although they can be written over You can Store any Setup in any of those locations but if you then Delete it the factory Setup that was originally in that location will reappear 5 20 PC88 The Arpeggiator Chapter 6 The Arpeggiator The Arpeggiator takes input from the PC88 keyboard and turns it into a constant rhythmic pattern The speed and nature of the pattern is controllable in real time It recalls old time analog sequencers which played a finite series of notes over and over with changes in the series dictated by the musician as the instrument played The power of the Arpeggiator is not limited to the PC88 it also can control MIDI instruments by sending MIDI data out just as if you were playing the keyboard The concept behind the PC88 s Arpeggiator is fairly simple although the options are extensive You might think of it as a note processor generating complex output from relatively modest input You can select any number of notes for the input and tell the Arpeggiator to recognize and remember them This is called latching the notes The
173. ting point it reverses again and so keeps bouncing back and forth between the original pitch and the limit until you pull the plug Bipolar starts out the same way as Unipolar but as the cycle bounces its way back to the original pitch it keeps going past the original pitch and continues to shift until it hits the Shift Limit in the opposite direction Then it reverses and heads back to the original pitch going past it until it hits the Shift Limit again and thus bouncing back and forth between the Shift Limit and its negative counterpart evil twin if you will for all of eternity Flt Reset adds a little bit of randomness to the process Flt stands for Float and it means that when the Arpeggiator reaches the Shift Limit it doesn t necessarily reset to the original pitch Instead it looks at the first note that would exceed the Shift Limit and calculates the interval between it and the Shift Limit It then starts the cycle over again but instead of starting with the first original pitch it transposes that pitch by the interval it just calculated and continues from there Here s a very simple example The only note in the Arpeggiator cycle is C3 the Note Shift is 7 a perfect fifth and the Note Limit is 26 The Arpeggiator plays C3 then G3 then D4 then A4 The next note E5 would be above the Limit D5 26 semitones above C3 With a normal Reset the Arpeggiator would start over again at C3 With the Float turn
174. tion this is listed too Voices marked with a dagger t respond to Soft Pedal Voices marked with an asterisk can be expanded to 64 note polyphony with the voices in Bank 3 on the VGM expansion board The voices in Bank 3 have the same names as the Internal Voices preceded by the letter v For example vClassical Piano See Alternating Maps in Chapter 5 for more information Button Label Internal Voice Mod Wheel Sliders C amp D Buttons Classical Piano Classical Piano t ClassPiano 440 Sustain Piano t Stage Piano Sus Piano 440 t Stage Piano t Stage Piano 440 t Bright Piano t Classic E Piano Tack Piano t Classic E Pno t Dyn Hard E Pno t Soft E Pno t Digital E Piano Suitcase E Pno Digital E Pno trem vib depth C trem vib rate St Trem Digital t trem vib depth C trem vib rate FM amp Marimba attack detune C marimba volume Electric Grand E Pno amp Marimba Digital E Grand t Warm E Grand t Tight E Grand t Piano amp Strings St Elec Grandt Stage Piano amp Str t C str filter D str att amp rel times Dyn Pno amp Str Pad t C str filter D str release time Strings Digi Pno amp Str Pad t Ac Gtr amp Str Pad t Strings 1 C str filter D str release time C str filter D gtr filter C str filter D str att amp rel times pressure swell Att Vel Strings C filter attk amp
175. to an external device with the Dump all Setups option on the Global menu Internal Voices and ROM Setups are not dependent on battery backed memory To check the battery level 1 Press the 4 5 and 6 buttons simultaneously The top line of the PC88 s display will look something like this SCAN 2 4 W 123 B 22 9 2 Check the part of the display labelled B x x This is the battery voltage level It should normally be 2 8 or higher When this value declines to 2 4 or below you should have your Kurzweil dealer replace the battery Note that when the battery voltage level is 2 4 there is less than two months of battery life remaining when the battery voltage level is 2 0 or below memory failure is likely 3 Press Cancel and Enter simultaneously to return to normal PC88 operation 1 8 PC88 Setup Connections and Controls Connections Chapter 2 Setup Connections and Controls Setting Up the PC88 The PC88 is designed to be portable and therefore doesn t come with its own stand You can use a conventional keyboard stand that is strong enough to hold the unit s weight about 55 pounds Other methods of supporting it can be used but make sure that the two ends are equally well supported don t just lay it on top of a chair in the middle It s a good idea to use the stick on rubber feet even if you are going to be putting the PC88 on a metal stand you never know when you ll have to put it down on a table Just mak
176. to sustain and sostenuto they will not be mentioned Standard Setups 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 A Piano Trio E Piano Trio Rhythm Pad Dynamic 5ths Stereo E Grand Harpsi amp String SoloPno gt Gtrs Pedals Harpsi Deep Guitar Keyboard Comp Bass amp Dyn5ths Lead Stack Island Roller Forecast Wet Stuff B fades Ride Dis Tempo F goes to Vibes Zone 1 G engages add mode arpeggio for sequencing a bass line Activate Zone 3 to add Strings B fades ride Cis Strings filter D is Tempo F goes to Jazz Organ Zone 1 G engages add mode Arpeggiator for sequencing a bass line B is Marimba volume C is Strings volume D is Tempo A pans Zone 1 B pans Zone 2 G is the overplay latch Hold a note while pressing G for Arpeggiation A and B are tremolo depth and rate for Zone 1 A is Harpsichord volume B is String volume E pans each zone via entry state A is reverb wet B is chorus wet This setup enters with Electric Grand soloed Press the solo button to activate Zones 2 and 3 and mute Zone 1 Switch pedals are in Toggle mode SwPdl1 sends MIDI 70 adds lower octave SwPdl2 sends soft pedal A is reverb wet B is chorus wet E disables clav s release sound A is Rock Organ volume B is Bright Piano volume D is Delay wet Left hand has velocity switching from pad to E Pno A pans Marimba and Clav B pans Digital E Pno C is volume for the upper parts D is volume for Clav
177. to you you re not alone The MIDI Specification is a little ambiguous when it comes to Bank Select messages as to whether they should be only Controller 0 only Controller 32 or both Controllers sent as a pair Different manufacturers design their instruments to respond to different schemes and if you send Bank Select in a form an instrument doesn t like it may ignore it or interpret it wrong This PC88 parameter is designed to allow the greatest flexibility in addressing other MIDI instruments Usually you can look on the MIDI Implementation chart in the user s manual of an instrument to determine how it likes to receive Bank Select messages and then set this parameter for each Zone to suit the instrument that is receiving data from it The default setting which will work with the largest number of other instruments is Ctl 0 32 There are two other options which will be of special interest to owners of other Kurzweil instruments Setting Bank mode to K2000 takes advantage of that instrument s Extended mode The Bank Select message is sent as Controller 32 with a value between 0 and 9 remember the K2000 only supports 10 banks The K2000 only supports 99 programs per bank so Program Changes 100 or higher are sent as Bank Select 1 followed by the last two digits as a Program Change For example if Program 124 is assigned to the Zone this will be sent out the MIDI jack as Bank Select Controller 32 1 and then Program Change 24 K1000 is
178. tor 1 4 plugs Either normally on or normally off switches can be used the PC88 will sense what kind of switch is plugged into each jack when it powers up and will set itself accordingly Therefore it s a good idea to have any switch pedals that you plan to use plugged in when you turn the power on Don t press the pedal while you re turning the unit on however or you may end up with something that works upside down Three models of switch pedals are also available from Kurzweil Young Chang FS 1 a conventional pedal KFP 1 a piano style and KFP 2M a dual piano style pedal The Internal Voices have default settings for many of the PC88 s pedal controllers Controller Default setting Switch Pedal 2 Controller 66 Sostenuto Continuous Control Pedal 1 MIDI Controller 11 Expression Continuous Control Pedal 2 Controller 4 Foot Pedal Continuous Control Pedal 3 None Continuous Control Pedal 4 None MIDI The MIDI In jack is used when you are using the PC88 with another MIDI controller device such as a keyboard guitar wind controller or drum pad or with a sequencer Connect the MIDI Out of the device or sequencer to the MIDI In of the PC88 The PC88 can receive 16 separate channels of MIDI data through the MIDI In jack MIDI Out is used when the PC88 is acting as a controller for one or more other instruments or for a sequencer MIDI data being created by the PC88 is sent th
179. truments that like this way of doing things When using this last format don t get confused with the Internal Voice mode s Groups they each contain 16 programs not 8 Musician s Guide 5 5 Zone Parameters Key Range Program Name Display The final parameter under Program is PNameDisp which determines how the program name will be shown in the display when you select the Zone but like PNumDisp has no effect on anything else either the choice of program or the outgoing MIDI data If you set this to Internal Voices the program name will show up as the name of the current PC88 sound from the Internal Voices bank or if there is one the VGM board A program for which there is no internal sound for example in an empty bank will be called External Prog If Dest MIDI Transmit Menu is set to MIDI then the display will read External Prog Set it to General MIDI and the PC88 s display will show the General MIDI program list the VGM board does not have to be installed for this This is helpful if you are driving an external General MIDI synth and would like to see those names displayed Set it to Off and the display says External Prog for all programs Use this setting if you are using neither the internal sounds nor a General MIDI synth to avoid possible confusion Key Range Parameter Values Low C 1 to G9 Hi C 1 to G9 Note Map Off Linear 1 of 2 2 of 2 1 of 3 2 of 3 3 of 3 1 of 4 2 of 4 3 of 4
180. try the Panic button first then press Internal Voices to limit the amount of MIDI data being sent and use the soft reset only if those don t work Dump all Setups Press Enter and all of the Setups in memory are sent out over the MIDI cable as System Exclusive data This allows you to store your entire PC88 s memory into an external device like a sequencer or computer files in one operation To restore the memory simply play back the System Exclusive file into the PC88 first making sure the Device IDs are correct Musician s Guide 9 5 Global Parameters MIDIScope MIDIScope displays MIDI data either coming into the PC88 or being produced by the instrument itself To use it press Enter at the MIDIScope prompt Now whenever you play a key or controller or send any MIDI data to the PC88 the data shows up on the display the type of command on the top line and the data bytes on the bottom This can be a highly useful tool for diagnosing problems in a MIDI system such as improper setting of controllers or dead cables To leave MIDIScope press any button 9 6 PC88 PC88 in the Real World Chapter 10 PC88 in the Real World The PC88 offers you tremendous variety and flexibility in many settings To get you thinking here are four situations that a PC88 might find itself in and how you might configure itin each Ata Gig You re using the PC88 all by itself Maybe you ve got a singer and a bass player or maybe
181. ture press both of them at the same time and the display jumps to a parameter some distance down the list We ll deal with exactly how this works in the appropriate sections Musician s Guide 2 3 Setup Connections and Controls Front Panel Controls Sound Setup Select These two groups of buttons four on the left 16 on the right are the principal ways to switch among sounds and configurations of the PC88 The PC88 plays in one of two modes In the Internal Voices mode the instrument is a single sound keyboard instrument that transmits on a single MIDI channel The MIDI Setups or just Setups mode turns it into a four part multi timbral synth and controller with independent MIDI transmission on four different channels These two buttons select between the two modes When it comes to receiving MIDI data the PC88 is capable of receiving multi timbrally on 16 MIDI channels regardless of which mode it is playing in In the Internal Voices mode the 16 numbered buttons select among 16 types of sounds They are also labelled with instrument names showing you the type of instrument that will be selected Other groups contain different but related instrument sounds To get to them you can press the Next Group or Previous Group buttons If the current instrument is Clavinet 9 pressing Next Group will call up Stereo Clav 25 and pressing it again will call up Super Clav 41 Each sound f
182. ty essen 6 4 ote silos cut ota fd ELE E es 6 4 SIC ERI ofer OA AAA 6 5 rmt OU Os cedo dd mta E O ese EST S E O 6 5 A nete ete tesi e tet mite tS UE 6 6 Available MIDI controllers ocoonononononncnnonononnonnnononccnononnn nennen enne 6 6 Copying the JTrpeseo DIMEOE isc ancos i paise hp MUI diei D nre oap RU BE RN a io Ts 6 6 Effects EINER NP IUE NE GONE celeb OR RE SP Od iesu Ee 7 1 Internal l EFEC o e I ee OE E EE eR 7 2 Internal Reverb Wet tun Rehd inner daban iani 7 2 Internal Reverb Lime e nee ee tet iere Eo Sata Ce E 7 2 Internal Effects Wet a i Ni i e TN TV M etes s 7 2 Internal Effects Dela A DEED ue ee 7 2 SAVANE TERE CIS s ote ete URN Med fosa edm ad co a As Da TO 7 2 VGM Effects ace reed obe tenti ce a e ea Ha re e iti a 7 3 Copying Edecanes 7 3 Effects and Drum Sounds ene eiat es 7 3 MIDE Control of Effects tei t eater A A EE 7 4 Transmitting PC88 Effects Settings to a Sequencer esee 7 4 UD A E A GEH SE EAE CM Gu RR 8 1 Channel OMOLE ads GHI ERI OBI 8 1 lac uci MP 8 1 General MIDI Consideration S nororiente iaa oar i N ia 8 2 Global Parameters eeccecn e Roe En RUN ort era rn erue e Roe eot o edP ado en sepe Neu ded MA b isas ioatea 9 1 Local Controla ERR ET oe eC 9 2 Glock dot e a EE Rt E Pa UE eh 9 2 Transmit Clock iia AS ret EO he D eie aee 9 2 Touch ien eter nie ter t eh CR eT Te AE d Oe ri ee er TER 9 2
183. u layer as many as 4 and sometimes more sounds at once Built in reverb and chorus are also provided and there s a sophisticated on board arpeggiator for composing performing or just fooling around Thirty two versatile MIDI Setups are provided to let you start making great music immediately You can also use these Setups as templates or create new Setups from the Internal Voices Furthermore the PC88 is a high quality MIDI keyboard controller with 88 key weighted action adjustable velocity and pressure aftertouch curves two programmable on board wheels four sliders three buttons and jacks for two footswitches and four continuous control pedals Data on four independent MIDI channels can be sent simultaneously using four different zones each of which has its own key range which can overlap with any others and its own controller definitions as well as the ability to be muted or soloed instantly Other features allow merging and remapping of incoming MIDI data listening on all 16 channels and the ability to go instantaneously from one complex setup to another Finally the PC88 is a versatile multitimbral instrument that can be used to complement any MIDI setup With the optional plug in VGM Voice GM expansion board the PC88 becomes a top of the line General MIDI instrument for use in education multimedia production games and other exciting applications In addition to expanding the PC88 s complement of sounds to
184. ulti timbral capabilities the PC88 makes an excellent instrument for use with a sequencer Most sequencers have Thru and Channelize functions which means that the sequencer can determine how the MIDI signal coming from a master keyboard like the PC88 will be routed If that s the case it s a wise idea to turn Local Control under the Global menu off so that you don t end up with doubled notes and other kinds of confusion The PC88 can receive data on up to 16 channels at a time from an external MIDI source The MIDI Receive button in the bottom row of the Zone parameters section lets you set up these channels for reception Pressing MIDI Receive puts the PC88 temporarily into a single instrument mode similar to Internal Voices After entering the mode you can select the channel you wish to work on with the cursor buttons or you can use a special Intuitive Entry method hold down the MIDI Receive button and press one of the Select buttons The display will jump to the MIDI channel corresponding to the number on the Select button If you now play the keyboard you will hear the sound assigned to that channel Each channel has two parameters on off and program Channel On Off Turning a channel Off means it will not respond to any incoming data Turning a channel off is especially useful when you have another instrument receiving data on the same MIDI cable that needs a channel of its own Turning a channel off in this mode does not aff
185. use sounds from Banks other than the Internal Voices The Internal Voices are in Bank 0 VGM sounds are in Banks 1 3 There are two ways to access Banks from the Program menu One is to use the numeric keypad Press the Program button enter the number of the Bank and then press the button next to the 0 button Then enter the Program number and press Enter The button creates a num colon in the display which separates the Bank number from the Program number The second method uses a special Bank parameter From the Program display press the left cursor button lt lt lt Now the display says Bank and the name if there is one of the Bank Musician s Guide 5 3 Zone Parameters Program If there isn t one it just shows a number Here s an example of the PC88 s display when you press the lt lt lt key while an internal voice is active Zone Bank Program number number number ra Fone 1 6 61 Bank Internal Unicez _ lt 2 gt Bank name You can set the Bank by any of the usual data entry methods Direct or Intuitive Like Programs any Bank can appear in any Zone For example turn the alpha wheel one notch clockwise while the above is displayed to see Fone 1 1 61 Bank General MIDI Notice that the Bank number and name change but the Zone number and program number don t Sending Bank Select Messages to External MIDI Devices Bank Select messages can go to external
186. velocity is greater at medium strike velocity than with Linear curve 64 ZEE Velocity Curve Cos MIDI velocity is less at medium strike velocity than with Linear curve 127 64 Strike Velocity Velocity Minimum Velocity Maximum MIDI Velocity Vel Min and Max set minimum and maximum velocity values that the Zone will respond to A keystroke whose velocity after it has been scaled and offset is below the minimum will not make a sound in the Zone Similarly a keystroke whose velocity after processing is above the maximum will not play the Zone These parameters are important for velocity switching having a note play different sounds depending on how hard you strike it The values can be anywhere from 1 to 127 As with other parameters Zones can overlap or be totally discrete or be identical Intuitive Entry gives us a special way to set these parameters hold the Enter key and play a note and the current parameter changes to the actual velocity of the note you ve played 127 Velocity Min 1 Max 64 no MIDI velocity is produced when you strike keys with medium velocity or greater 64 7 Velocity Min 64 Max 127 S MIDI velocity isn t produced unless you strike keys with velocity of medium or greater 0 64 127 Strike Velocity 5 10 PC88 Zone Parameters Controllers Controllers Continuous Controllers Pa bates Parameter Values W
187. while you re playing you can assign them to physical controllers that aren t in use Multiple Controllers Sometimes it can come in handy to assign the same Controller to more than one physical controller For example you might want to be able to control modulation depth both with Wheel 2 and pressure The PC88 has no restrictions on assigning multiple controllers to a particular MIDI message For live performers a useful trick is to assign Goto Setup to the three buttons E F and G each with its own value This lets you choose from among three Setups more if you want to include the Switch pedals in the fun to jump to at any one time Remember though since going to another Setup turns off all of the old Setup s parameters you ll have to include Goto s in the Setups you re going to or you may not be able to get back Here s an example You re playing a tune in which you want to use four Setups numbers 1 12 14 and 82 Here s how you would program the buttons to be able to move among the four Setups at will Goto Setup values Button E Button F Button G Setup 1 12 14 82 Setup 12 1 14 82 Setup 14 1 12 82 Setup 82 1 12 14 Copying Parameters Very often two or more Zones in a Setup will be very similar perhaps all of the MIDI parameters will be identical but you want to use a different instrument sound on a certain portion of the keyboard Since there are so many parameters that define a Zone it can be
188. you ve chosen an Algorithm with IntFx you can make modifications in it Press the right cursor button gt gt gt and the display shows Int Rev Wet This sets the ratio of reverberated to dry unprocessed signal Maximum value is 127 all reverb and minimum is 0 all dry Internal Reverb Time This sets the overall decay time of the reverb It also has values of 0 to 127 but exactly what the numbers mean in milliseconds or seconds is a function of which type of reverb you have selected A setting of 127 will mean a longer reverb in an algorithm that uses Hall than one that uses Room Setting this parameter to 0 does not cut off the reverb completely The first initial reflection the bounce you hear after you play the note is not affected by this parameter and will still be heard although later sound will be damped The timing of that initial reflection is a function of the reverb type and stays the same regardless of how you set this parameter Internal Effects Wet This controls the balance between the dry signal and the effected chorused or delayed signal Again 127 means all effect and 0 means no effect Internal Effects Delay This parameter only changes the Delay effect not the two choruses The delay time can be set from 1 to 350 milliseconds It also changes the feedback ratio the amount the delayed signal is fed back into the delay Saving Effects To save the effects edits Store the Setu

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