Stack Analysis of using HEW Call Walker
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1. EH sub111 103 testcal Max 211 3 main C213 show All Symbols show simple symbols All Display Omitted Figure 6 Display of All and Simple Symbols To show all symbols click View gt Show All Symbols To show simple symbols click View gt Show Simple Symbols Simple symbols display is useful when the program is very large and an overview of whole structure is summarized All symbols display is useful when the viewer needs to look into the details of each symbol that are linked AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 8 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 3 Stack size displays Numerical values in attached to the symbol name specify the stack amount used Stack size can be displayed in 2 types namely Show Required Stack and Show Used Stack A Understanding Show Required Stack Click on View gt Show Required Stack or xa 7 on the left indicates the number of stack size required to execute the symbol that is attached to it icon to show required stack format Values in in figure Note Stand alone symbols without calling other function display the real independent stack size value In figure 7 sub1 sub21 sub22 and ext_sub symbols display the real exact stack size being used Gttribute cal Max 28 J Ey main 83 RH subi 16 EJ E Attribute cal Max 28 C24 Et HE s2. or if you have any other inquiries Note 1 Renesas Electronics as used in this document means Renesas Electronics Corporation and also includes its majority owned subsidiaries Note 2 Renesas Electronics product s means any product developed or manufactured by or for Renesas Electronics PRELIMINARY CENESAS APPLICATION NOTE HEW Stack Analysis of using HEW Call Walker CallWalker Introduction This application note provides 1 ps 3 4 A general view on stack information file sni or profile information file pro for new user How to create stack information file sni or profile information file pro Using call walker to display stack or profile information file Usefulness and purpose of stack or profile information file Call Walker is a stack analysis tool that reads a stack information file sni which has been output by an optimising linkage editor or a profile information file pro which has been output by a debugging interface and displays its stack amount used The information can be added or modified by using the edit function Target Device All AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 1 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker Contents T IVI e E E E don teansecatecosets 3 2 How to Create a Stack or Profile Information File cccccccccccecccssseeesseseeeeeceeeeeeeeeeessessaaaeeeeeeseeees 4 2 1 Creat
3. sub total value 12 and sub22 value 10 from figure 10 Note For recursive call function or circulating function the stack size is not displayed since it cannot be measured AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 10 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 3 2 1 Explanation on Usage of Symbol Detail View Symbol details view on the right window displays the symbol information that is being selected in the call information view namely Symbol Attribute Address Size Stack size and Source Symbol Displays its calling symbols that are same as those displayed in call information view Advantage Clear view of the selected symbol s calling symbols functions Attributes Display of symbol attributes are explained below WH o o w F R Runtime Library Runtime library O Created by Optimization Optimization creating function I Interrupt Interrupt function S Static Static function V Virtual Virtual function L Use Local Stack Function used by local stack Advantage Address From the above information given user can have an instant view of every symbol function type without looking through all the codes Displaying symbol s address Advantages A Able to amend values stored in particular symbol address without recompiling the codes again E g changing initialise data section D s or could be constant data section
4. IVC CONC suc netsse te cucrsen E dieatdec suv tenesdanenets san timda in E duveranodasaretaianentesut 17 AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 2 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 1 Overview Call Walker opens stack or profile information file and displays call information e g symbol classification symbol details e g symbol name attribute address size stack size and source Overview of linkage of each file related to Call Walker is shown below in Figure 1 Optlnk exe Hdi exe RTOS library data file cav n MS Option Stack use quantity Protile Text file Tetarmation fle Information file txt sni J pra Qutput List Mew Open standard library Call exe Save Bave As Gall information file stack information file Tise Tool Slt cal Gall cay Figure 1 Linkage of each file related to Call Walker AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 3 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 2 How to Create a Stack or Profile Information File There are two methods of creating a stack analysis file Below explained how they can be obtained 2 1 Creating a Stack Information File from HEW2 With existing working codes in a project in HEW2 by selecting Options gt Link Library for Category drop down list and select Other Click on Stack information output and
5. Semiconductor home page http www renesas com 4 When using any or all of the information contained in these materials including product data diagrams charts programs and algorithms please be sure to evaluate all information as a total system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products Renesas Technology Corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage liability or other loss resulting from the information contained herein 5 Renesas Technology Corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation or an authorized Renesas Technology Corporation product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes such as apparatus or systems for transportation vehicular medical aerospace nuclear or undersea repeater use 6 The prior written approval of Renesas Technology Corporation is necessary to reprint or reproduce in whole or in part these materials 7 If these products or technologies are subject to the Japanese export control restrictions they must be exported under a license from the Japanese government and cannot be imported into a country other than the approved destination Any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of Japan and or the country of destina
6. C s specific variable s value B To have an overview of how section data are allocated in the memory area after compiling C Confirming that the symbols are stored in the correct address E g Symbols not overflow to the unused area or being overlap to other undesired area D Able to create with a new section close or next to the existing one to save address space E g In 0x0001000 HEW2 under section assignment 0x0000800 0x0000980 Information obtained from map file with starting given C address added to given size AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 11 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L i zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker Size Displays symbol size Advantages A Program optimization could then be focus on larger code size symbol B Have an overview of the size of sections B C R D etc If size is too large at e g D or C unnecessary initialization can be omitted Stack size Display stack size that is only used by the symbol that is attached to it Figures 8 or 10 above are its display Note An empty space will be displayed if the stack size value is Oxffffffff Advantages e User can have an idea of how much stack size is being occupied to execute each symbol without tediously needed to trace monitor every symbol s stack size used manually seeing the changes in the stack register register R7 for H8 series and
7. Calculation is being selected as l small Stack addresses are operated in 1 byte units 2 medium Stack addresses are operated in 2 byte units 3 large Stack addresses are operated in 4 byte units The above option should be specified for the whole program If the stack address operation is performed with an address larger than the specified size the program will not operate correctly however the compiler does not output an error or warning Example stack smaill H FEOO Allocate the stack so that stack addresses can be operated within 1 byte STACK Section H FEFF Figure 13 Stack Calculation Small 4 3 Explanations on Data Memory Format Memory data formats are classified into 3 types mainly bytes words and long words Byte data can be accessed from any address Word data can only be accessed from an even numbered address of 2n Long word data can be accessed only from an even numbered address of 4n Errors will occur if the above rules are not followed also data accessed is not guaranteed Address m 1 Address m 3 Address m Address m 2 23 15 0 Oy 15 Word Long word Figure 14 Memory Data Format 4 4 Information on Different Register being used as Stack Pointer in various CPU Series Hardware stack area is referred to by hardware stack pointer SP One of the general registers will have dual functions which means can be used as data register or stack pointer SP Depending on the C
8. LIMINARY H8 300L 2E N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker B Understanding Show Used Stack Click on View gt Show Used Stack or ya icon to show used stack format Values in in figure 9 on the left indicates the total number of stack size needed to be used to execute that particular symbol Note For easy reading figure 10 is exactly same as figure 8 E E Attributecal Max 28 Gttribute cal Max 285 EE main LB E 226 E subl 243 The stack size HH main 8 3 ce ie sub 123 total of the symbol fa subl O16 E sub21 18 is added to a sub2 4 EH sub21 6 EJ sub22 103 ATT ext sub 25 m oo E T p22 each lower symbol fad ext sub 28 Figure 9 Show Stack Format Figure 10 Individual Stack Size How the values of stack size is obtained or calculated in the above figure 9 Figure 9 displays the Show Used Stack format lets start to view the values from the top To calculate the stack size that is used to execute subl symbol where subl stack size is 16 adding main symbol stack size 8 will obtain result 24 Total stack size of 12 in sub symbol is obtained by adding main value 8 and sub value 4 from figure 10 Total stack size of 18 in sub21 symbol is obtained by adding sub total value 12 and sub21 value 6 from figure 10 Total stack size of 22 in sub22 symbol is obtained by adding
9. PU Series being chosen eg H8 SLP and Tiny Series CPU uses register R7 to also be function as SP while SH Series CPU uses R15 AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 15 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker REFERENCE 1 H8S H8 300 Series C C Compiler Assembler Optimizing Linker Editor User s Manual Revision 4 0 HEW On line Manual Renesas Technology Corp AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 16 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker Revision Record Description Rev Date Page Summary 1 00 September 03 First edition issued AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 17 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L EI zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker Keep safety first in your circuit designs Renesas Technology Corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more reliable but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them Trouble with semiconductors may lead to personal injury fire or property damage Remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs with appropriate measures such as i placement of substitutive auxiliary circuits ii use of nonflammable material or iii prevention against any malfunction or mishap Notes regarding these materials 1 These materials are intended as a refere
10. R15 for SH series Source Display source file name that stores the symbolic source Advantages e Being able to know the calling function symbol s source file helps user to save time to search for it especially if the program is very large and contains many source files The stack amount calculated in the stack information file may be larger than the actual value when optimization option is used The stack amount for the interrupt function does not include the stack size used by the interrupt controller for saving context switchings when an interrupt occurs Refer to the device hardware manual and calculate the required amount The stack amount for the interrupt function does not include the saved extended register EXR AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 12 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 4 Stack Calculation Selection in HEW2 4 1 Getting into Stack Calculation Two ways to approach Stack Calculation dialog 4 1 1 When Creating a New Project Each time a new project is created user will come to Option Setting dialog box shown below in Figure 11 A drop down list from the Stack Calculation displays small medium and large that specifies the stack size range Specify global options G Uperating Mode A Address Space Mert of Library Code Size stack calculator Medium Change number duemen Treat doubl
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14. e 1g of the symboal H sub 143 is added to The stack size ci Ey subz 4 fA sub21 6 ARR sub22 103 EF ext sub 28 EH subel t6 the maximum value EH sub22 610 of the amount in all E ext sub 28 lower symbols Figure 7 Show Required Stack Format Figure 8 Individual Stack Size How the values of stack size is obtained or calculated in the above figure 7 Values in in Figure 8 displays the stack size that is only used by the symbol that is attached to it which can be found on symbol detail view on the right window by clicking call editing file cal on the top of call information view Example stack size used by main symbol is 8 subl is 16 sub is 4 and so on Figure 7 displays the Show Required Stack format lets start to view the values from the lowest symbol that is sub21 and sub22 which contain 6 and 10 stack size respectively To calculate the stack size that is required to execute sub symbol choosing the largest stack size value in its calling symbol in this case is sub22 symbol stack size is 10 adding its own stack size value 4 showed in figure 8 will obtain the result 14 main symbol required stack size 24 is obtained by choosing from subl and sub symbols with larger stack value which is 16 from sub1 symbol Adding main symbol stack value of 8 and 16 will get 24 AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 9 of 18 PRE
15. e as f Peels Pass struct parameter via register Pass 4 byte parameterreturn walu JUse try throw and catch of C JEnable disable runtime type inform Figure 11 Stack Calculation Setting When Creating A New Project AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 13 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 4 1 2 Under Menu Bar Section After a project had been built to view or change Stack Calculation selection click Options gt Hitachi H8 Tiny SLP Toolchain gt CPU for Stack Calculation drop down list to select suitable size as shown below in Figure 12 Note Above Toolchain type is dependent on the type of CPU Series being chosen Hitachi H8 Tiny SLP Toolchain Configuration Assembly Link Library Standard Library CPU Toole 4 t Debug Fey All Loaded Projects CPU SLP Super Low Power E a Printf_LCD Stack calculation Medium Medium Change number of pal Large Treat double az float Pass struct parameter via register Pass 4 byte parameter return value via register Use try throw and catch of C Enable disable runtime type information Pack struct union and class Figure 12 Stack Calculation Setting After A Project Been Built AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 14 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L 2E N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 4 2 Descriptions When Stack
16. ing a Stack Information File from HEW 2 cccccccccsseeeeeeeeeeecsaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeesseaaeeeeeeeeeeas 4 2 2 Creating a Profile Information File from HDI HEW2 Simulator cccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaaees 4 Ss VOKO al WAG Mees teacicnescscs sen a a i a E 5 3 1 Explanation on Usage of Call Information VieW cccccccssssseeceeeeccceeessseceeeeeeeaeeeseceeeeeeesaaasseeeeess 6 3 2 Explanation on Usage of Symbol Detail ViEW cccccccccccecseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeueeeessaaeeeeeesaaeeeseesaaees 11 4 Stack Calculation Selection in HEW2 cc cccccccccccececeeseeeeeeeeeesaeeeeeeeeeessaeaeeeeeeeeessaaaeeeeeeeeeesaas 13 4 1 Getting into Stack Calculation cccccccccccecccssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeessseeseeeeeeeessssaaeeeeeeeeaaas 13 4 1 1 When Creating a New Proje ct cccccccccccccceeseeceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeceeesseeeeeeeesseaseeeeeseeaeeeeeessaeeeesenaaes 13 4 1 2 Under Menu Bar S CtiON ccccccccccccsssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseaeeeseeeeeeeeeseueeseeeeeeeesssaaseeeeeesseeaaesss 14 de WD SSCHDUONS ssie dntiaswnted nant dianidmansadammideedionswndsdmnntdsanimeat heatuerynbedaindlibaricunaisdnami deatomsitonats 15 4 3 Explanations on Data Memory Format cccccccccccceeeeeeceeeeeeeseeeeeecseeeeseeeeeeeseaueeesseneeesaeeseeesaeeeesens 15 4 4 Information on Different Register being used as Stack Pointer in various CPU Series 15 PAC WISION
17. main contains 5 other symbols displayed on the right frame window includes symbols _longway _ quick _shortway _recur and MVN 3 9 sip cal Call Walker 0 x File Edit view Tools Help e BAA ee gh y SREE Source fhVNES Ox00000ac mn obi AH longway Ox00000894 slp obj _shortiway ox00000946 slp obj _quick oxo00009a8 slp obi Ox00000908 slp obj For Help press F1 H8300 Find Stack size Figure 3 Call Walker Window AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 6 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L EI 2E N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker By dragging and then dropping _recur symbol to _shortway at the left frame window the new linked level structure becomes fH slp cal Call Walker E 0 x File Edit wiew Tools Help ee ee main 316 4 Stack size Source MVNES 10 As pMa R 0x000009ba 10 myvn3 0bj oo ER longway 6 KH _longway Ox0O000866 36 amp slp obj EH quick 296 E quick Ox000008e2 120 28 slp obj Eie KH _shortway 18 TH _shortway oeoo000sbe cis 6 slp abj AT H recur f 123 cau 5LI 3 6 a A gt recur Recursive dl For Help press Fl H 300 Find Stack size E Figure 4 Call Walker Window After Dragging Figure 4 shows that _recur symbol had moved to _shortway symbol Notice that the numerical value within attached 6 o _shortway symbol increase from 6 to 18
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21. ok Build the project again a stack information file will be created at the working project s subfolder named Debug with an extension file of sni 2 2 Creating a Profile Information File from HDI HEW2 Simulator Making use of HDI or HEW2 Simulator from above project after setting system Memory Resources found in Simulator Memory Resource next download the compiled project file In order to create profile Information file pro 1 select view gt Performance gt Profile or shift Crtl F a Profile Window is displayed Right click mouse on the profile display click on Enable Profiler Run the program profile information will be displayed at the window Right click mouse again to select Output Profile Information files select the file that is displayed and click save then close Profile information file had been created at the working project s sub folder named Debug with an extension of pro AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 4 of 18 PRELIMINARY ntE NESAS Ea H8 300L Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 3 Invoking Call Walker In the program folder of the start menu of the Windows under Renesas High performance Embedded Workshop one of its submenus content display Call Walker and click unto it The Call Walker will be invoked and the main frame will be opened To view a stack or profile file click File gt Import Stack file Ctrl P o
22. r ED icon to select the directory where the stack or profile file is saved Title Bar in sip cal Call Walker E Ioj x Menu Bar P File Edit wiew Tools Help Tool Bar gt D e W amp B i Big g i FURNA 3164 E Stack size Source As MvNga Ro Ox000009ba 10 mwn ot EH _longway Ox00000866 36 amp sip obj Call Information quick Ox OOOO0Ge2 28 sip obj View 2 EH _shortway ox000008bc 38 amp sip obj A recur oxO000088a 50 amp slp obj wo recurf Recursive H 4 Status Bar gt For Help press Fl He 300 Find Stack size Symbol Details View Figure 2 Call Walker Window The above Call Walker window can only open one stack or profile file at a time Below explains the details of each information obtained from stack or profile information file AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 5 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L zE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 3 1 Explanation on Usage of Call Information View 1 Symbol display Display of the Symbol classification signs between link level structure and symbols are explained below Z s Editing file B Bs Assembler label c EH C C function D tat Recursive call function or a circulating function E RMS RTOS function F B Functions that the reference source is unknown G fa Omitted symbol The level structure can be edited by moving a symbol drag and drop is used That means from the below Figure 3 shows that symbol _
23. since _recur symbol stack size is 12 However symbols cannot be moved to the recursive call cyclic function or omitted functions H E sub 24 H E sub 24 H E sub 36 lf subl Recursive EH subd 40 D subl Recursive 1 Recursive call function 2 Circulation function When a function itself is referred When a function refers to a function itself to within the function Indirectly Figure 5 Recursive and Circulation Functions How the above mentioned figure 5 features may help in the development stage of a program In cases where stack size used maybe too large e g when functions calling functions and so on By dragging symbols to various locations could let the programmer to have a better view of estimating stack size allocation or maybe better idea of modifying the codes in saving stack size E g reducing unnecessary multiple steps of functions calling functions will reduce stack size significantly AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 7 of 18 PRELIMINARY H8 300L ZE N ESAS Stack Analysis Using HEW Call Walker CallWalker 2 Omitted Symbols Symbols can be omitted when the program is very large Below figure 6 shows the different types of display Right side shows all symbols while left side shows simple symbols as some symbols are omitted testcal i Max 21 fE3 main 21 Eff subi 617 il EA subl1 613 HE subo 193 S E subl1 13 Ton a o Aen 10 EEH subl1 613
24. tion is prohibited 8 Please contact Renesas Technology Corporation for further details on these materials or the products contained therein AN0309003 Rev 1 00 September 2003 Page 18 of 18
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