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1. Part Pace LFS4JN 234 94 Y O polyes with Copper Aloy tact LESIN a 96 Standard Ausstor Values from 10 to 1 00M ohms Accommoriates standard IC ads up to 0 T 310 DISC j CuricioR eet limmo 107 STANDARD RESISTOR VALUE TABLE 025 wide Contact is designed and onented to the in CAPACITORS A CAT NO f LM3524N 4 13 E y sutator to grasp the broad face ot the IC lead allowing ASSORTMENT OF 15 Prices ecd Omer DH KIT LESS N os LMXSOON 1 10 75 STANDASD RESISTOR VALUE E for jow inserion and hgh terenvon lorces Socser POPULAR with e M ONLY LFASBN 5 64 eene ae E nen o achieve maium densly OF boards CAPACITORS ony t r 9495 1 58 E gt acces ASSO 1 Learn 239 206 4008 A e3 SOLDER TAIL M ue ASSORTMENT GF 18 ical LFA12CN 220 AO10A 83 POPULAR VALUES PANA OA OUE LFa4iCNn wi MN aa UB sol DIP SOCKETS PAMASDNIC QUALITY LF4s4Cn 27 4012B 59 Singie team trL e gt p SILMIIN 344 KE I DIGI KET LF13741N 7 1M4250CN 2 48 4
2. 89 95 RFD480 Remex 5 4 DS full ht 109 95 TM100 2 Tandon 5 DS full ht 159 95 FD55B Teac 514 DS half ht 149 95 SA455 Shugart 5 DS half ht 159 95 FDD100 8 Siemens 8 SS full ht 119 95 PCK 5 5 4 Power Cable Kit 2 95 PCK 8 8 Power Cable Kit 3 95 UV EPROM Eraser ax 1 Chip 15 Minutes Erases all EPROMs Erases up to 8 Chips within 21 minutes 1 chip in 15 minutes Maintains constant exposure distance of one inch Special conductive foam liner eliminates static build up Built in safety lock to prevent UV exposure Compact only 9 00 l x 3 70 W x 2 60 H Complete with holding tray tor 8 Chips DE 4 UV EPROM Eraser UVS 11EL Replacement Bulb See Our New IBM Communications 24 28 PIN PACKAGES 8K to 64K EPROMs Wr bono coon REQUIRES NO ADDITIONAL SYSTEMS FOR OPERATION Programs and validates EPROMs Checks for properly erased EPROMS Emujates PROMS or EPROMS Loads data in RAM by keyboard Changes data in RAM by keyboard Loads RAM from an EPROM 664 RAMS can be used for external microprocessor development Compares EPROMs for content differences Copies EPROMs Input 115VAC Y 60Hz Assembled andtested Size 15 L x 8 D x 32 H Wt 5 lbs 2716 Module included JE664 A EPROM Programmer 995 00 JE665 RS232C INTERFACE OPTION This Option mplemenis computer access to the JE6
3. LISTING 3 PROGRAM FOR PRINTING CUSTOM EXIT SIGNS IN USER SPECIFIED SIZE SLANT AND ORIENTATION 10 CLS 20 PRINT EXIT SIGN P 25 PRINT 30 COPYRIGHT 1985 BY FORREST M MIMS 111 40 MODEL 100 HP7470 PLOTTER PROTOCOL FOLLOWS 50 COM ON OPEN COM 48N2E FOR OUTPUT AS 1 55 INPUT HORIZONTAL H OR VERTICAL V FORMAT F 60 INPUT CHARACTER HEIGHT IN CM H 70 INPUT CHARACTER WIDTH IN CM W 1060 NEXT Y Note that this routine selects pen 2 SP2 in line 1020 This permits the grid to be drawn with a color and line width different from those used to draw the characters The HPGL instructions in the sub routines may appear incomprehensible if you have never before used a plotter Ac tually the instructions are really quite simple and with a little patience even a novice can understand them with the help of the individual characters in Figs 4 6 After each of these characters was drawn the plotter drew a superimposed grid The x y coordinates of each turning point relative to the previous pcint were then manually indicated on the grid Refer to the character generation sub routines in Listing 2 and you ll note that a lengthy string of numbers separated by commas follows each PR plot relative instructi n Each pair of numbers desig nates the x y coordinates to which the pen should be moved relative to its present position Knowing this you can refer to the le
4. computer investment p B and the tests prove it d There saUL listed j model rezsonably priced that s exactly right for your computer See vour computer f Jealer fcr SpikeMaster Surge f Suppressars by Discwasher Lm A Test data available upon request 4 Jl N la WEM v 4 N 3 GHTY SPIKEMASTER Le p 5 2 p f y AIN 019 v F SpikeMaster LETTERS Next Time A Fox Jumps As a public school secretary I could not resist telling you that your guest col umnist William F Buckley Jr is in er ror when he teaches your uneducat ed reader that The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog has every let ter of the alphabet Did his 12 year old son or his friend Dick miss an s in Buckley s lesson MARGARET POLEDGE SAMUELS Chicago IL More Precision About Randomness In The Computer Scientist column on Random Numbers in your Novem ber issue there is a fundamental error about the nature of randomness The au thor judges the randomness of a coin flip by how nearly equal are the numbers of heads and tails obtained He seems to think that a perfectly random flip would end up with equal numbers every time In fact a truly random flip produces exact equality only rarely Vicky s ex periment with 1327 tosses has an ideal result of 664 heads but should produce t
5. BUYER S GUIDE TO HARD DISK DRIVES THE BOTTOM LINE ON ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE l y a A i x 2 Eo am EH TEN ETTE Ean as ri uant di Ji ea i yess a Li Ye a a a e t a ow e e 5B s e8seisas ezeeas ae 9 9 otong ees T a DUOPQqe Yat xx 5 5 t S MEE E se E EM ee a a 6 4 8 0 E e e o se em A ie ree Peeves ree vw i Eo e 7 ee 9 Ix o a o o o e wu 8 x1 cM MM 4 L gt a EM cae td Us te et ee ae o E gt Oe nem 4 Mis Ce o o o x TE A E TAS EP PN a a s a und A oy ns e nn gt o tye dais vag E x y Pia prz iym tma Goo cce fee PRP a po A AAA A P P x e A m M M e mo er PEPE p FAA MALRI A 4 a a ab So ae de a de up q me TID ome f p Ei 3 3 r 41 LAA AED i me mt LE we the a a ti T eee o E T d beim t bob mA ARARDLARRASSIA AREAS i mr a UN um mnm um Bi O cwm gt _ s De b 2 2 AA LL L em eee ee DM U b ll LIN Ee Se 0 RINTERS Pp oaser a Ui QUIET QUALITY AT MODERATE COST im AA i ll I I902I AN ya HSNENZINO al H AHE PD NN QO O A334 4935 k 58398 QTrT 660HST d DO N 3 19021 LIDTO ooo OS MART SERIES AND MORE 14024 14210 2 Getting along with all kinds of people is one of the most endearing qualities of the NCR PC4 It gets along with bosses secre
6. ty Light Pen and software 70 Circle No 75 on Free information Card uu cu ad HEATH CAD TRAINING AVAILABLE AutoCAD is a microcomput er based course to teach com puter aided drafting and de sign from Heathkit Zenith Educational Systems The package includes a plotter digitizing tablet and software 80 SOS m gy f TNNT UMP WOM OUD pues for the Heath Zenith Z 100 series computer The system will display architectural drawings mechanical or elec trical layouts and printed cir cuit board parts layouts An unlimited number of layers and eight colors can be used Circle No 76 on Free information Card A SOFTWARE SOURCES Deals in the Making 1 you re facing a job interview home sale labor management dispute or complex business agree ment you need all the help you can get The Art of Negotiating from Experience in Software aims to provide that extra edge According to the company the software helps you organize and think through any type of negotiation you may encounter step by step and point by point You answer questions about your objectives and their importance and priority the software guides you in unfolding a plan of action creating an agenda and considering the other party s point of view 495 Circle No 79 on Free Information Card DEC COMPATIBLE MICRO The new Chrislin Industries CI Micro 1l computer sys tem uses LSI 11 23
7. ASYNC CARTRIDGE 64 6551 Asynchronous Communications Inter face Adapter for Commodore 649 Plugs into cartridge slot allowing serial communications to 19 2 K BPS Provides socket for BK EPROM You can put your communications software on a cartridge Used as Device 2 RS232 Port with ASYNC WEDGE software on 8K EPROM e Compatible with Cartridge Maker 64TM with the addition of a blank 8K EPROM Commodore 64 Is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines Inc ASYNC CARTRIDGE 64 59 95 ASYNC WEDGE 64 19 95 BLANK 8K EPROM 5 50 Shipping 68 Pere rog e e y 3 00 If C O D add 2 00 ESL d Custom Programming Group Inc 47 2A Marchwood Road Exton PA 19341 CIRCLE NO 113 ON ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS MOUSER ELECTRONICS PURCHAMIAG MANUAL NO bad Att sf acl CATALOG Catalans Mailed uiside USA Send 2 00 MANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OVER 15 000 DIFFERENT ITEMS IN STOCK MOUSER ELECTRONICS 11433 WOODSIDE AVE SANTEE CA 92071 PHONE 619 449 2222 TWX 910 331 1175 MULTIPLEXED DIGITAL VOLTMETER Only 79 FEATURES 16 Channel A D converter 0 5V range e High accuracy 1 2 of full scale e Simple to use one BASIC statement e Plugs into either VIC 20 or C 64 Great for engineering experiments Science Fair projects household monitoring of tem peratures solar intensity positio
8. Jumper Personality Modules for BK 16K 32K and 64K EPROMs Please specity EPROW and manutacturer JUMPER Personality MODULE 14 95 each Se 1 800 344 4539 AK HI 218 681 6674 EasyLink 62827914 TWX 9103508982 DIGI KEY CORP NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR PANASONIC QUALITY Ne 7 LES 2393 MA aaa Dones a N UAL T NAO brand products from nationally recognized manufacturers CHEMICALS TOO aes mm e VISA ARIES NS AVIS Er y SERVICE Computerized order processing and inventory control AS INSTRUMENTS 0 K AP PRODUCTS gt BA master charge p cd a e ie JET T TE RATON ee ICON OS Ae ANASONIC VINGS Volume Discounts DEM Quantity Pricing Toll Free 800 Number A EMOA LS ARIES K OLER E l i QIG KEY DIGIKET DIGI KEY DIGI KEY DIGI KEY DIGI KEY DIQI KEY 9761 Ke Phe Hye HER KY Bas ennemukese His Por iiare isu vows PA KEY i Doe eee Min P Or tY DIGI KEY D O KEY DIGI KEY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS i Metal Filni Resistors RUN e E RASONIC RESIN DIPPED TANTALUM i Wort CosMicier We 150 CAPACITORS T Linear
9. dicii ARS PB IN A AAA p AE OE ORR en AE E SPEECH SYNTHESIZER Schematics and programs for APPLE VIC Comm64 color Computer TRS 80 Uses SPO256 AL2 chip Plans 7 00 MICROTALK 39 Ray mond St Providence RI 02908 td a A ES IP RS232C MONITOR TESTER displays signals for prob lem connection analysis 30 Spec Sheet 2 MARIETTA COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY 1512 Roswell Road Suite 110 Marietta GA 30062 AAA BUY direct from Taiwan Computers Software and Parts Send 2 for list of 10 company addresses AIE Co 18925 Brasilia Dr Northridge CA 91326 lici ld Ran MB Ne ie a ree ne 2 716 Programmer Plans Build for 25 00 Send 5 00 to Electronics 1430 View Ave Centralia WA 98531 COMPUTER SOFTWARE A p PNE MD MEME anii HORSE amp DOG HANDICAPPING PROGRAMS FOR MOST PERSONAL COMPUTERS Free catalog Gambler s Edge Computing Dept B6 250 Richards Rd Suite 254 Kan sas City MO 64116 haad diuine Lb A la COMMODORE 64 VIC 20 Games educational software Over 400 titles Write for FREE catalog American Periph erals 12 Bangor St Lindenhurst NY 11757 dssdo sabato Amd heal A eMe ubl eee ee PROGRAM PACKAGING AND SUPPLIES Binders Slip cases Game Portfolios Disk Etc FREE CATALOG An thro Systems 376 East St Charles Rd Dept CE Lombard IL 60148 312 629 5160 Ee TI 994A SOFTWARE HARDWARE bargains Hard to find items Huge selection Fast service Free catalog DE Box 690
10. CATA NAPA ES A COMPUTER graphic is a me A thodically designed and execut ed illusion It is created when abstract data structures are massaged by hardware into thousands of flickering colored dots on a video monitor The gullible human eye and brain succumb to electronic sleight of hand and an im age appears Like a magician the graphics pro grammer needs tools and props to de ceive the audience The AT amp T Video Display Adapter VDA is a powerful addition to the graphics magician s bag of tricks one that enables the program mer to show a viewer photographs on a color monitor By offering a large number of simulta neous colors and foregoing high spatial resolution AT amp T has created an inex pensive board that can display photo graphic images In fact some graphics programmers may find that the VDA is overspecialized for their needs As a graphics board it may prove awkward to use in some applications Still for many applications it is very well suited and easy to use Significance of the VDA The most important thing about the VDA is not that it can display digitized photographic images After all the tech nology to do that has existed for years and is still evolving What makes the VDA significant is that it does the job in expensively and well When AT amp T s video display system becomes available to the public late this spring or during the summer it will pro vide the owners of AT amp T
11. Eastman Kodak Company 1984 Diskettes With accuracy and durability like that we can offer this no questions asked replacement policy This KODAK Diskette will be free from manufacturing defects or we will replace it Kodak diskettes for home and business PC use are avail able in standard 8 and 5 4 inch formats high density 514 inch diskettes and 34 inch micro diskettes in our HD 600 Series New Kodak diskettes Because the only thing that can follow a legend is another legend Diskettes KODAK ue The name says it all QUBIE HARD DISK A mail order 10M byte hard disk for under 700 BY JOSEPH DESPOSITO HARD disk is generally regarded A as a desirable though costly up grade to a personal computer system A new product from Qubi however makes this attractive option more affordable than ever Qubi offers a 10M byte hard drive for just 699 The complete package includes the drive an interface card cables and software The drive can be installed in the IBM PC and hardware compatible machines Hardware The Qubi PC10 is a half height hard disk drive that fits inside an IBM PC In stallation 1s simple We just removed a full height floppy B drive from the IBM PC and replaced it with the Qubi A full height bezel for the hard disk is included a half height bezel is available as an op tion The interface card which uses a Western Digital controller fits into one of
12. aa o DY OA e WEE E M M M M DL 2S we ee Y de A X X O 1 27 1 V Vom EDS ums 5 3 T S a Rated Best Buy by Consumers Digest Buyers Guide January 1985 LOOK ATALL YOU GET FOR ONLY 449 LIST PRICE Atari 800XL 64K Computer 299 00 Atari 1050 127K Disk Drive 399 00 Atari 1027 Letter Quality 20 CPS Printer 399 00 Atari Writer Word Processer 79 95 All connecting cables 8 T V interface included Monitors sold separetly Hs CRI TOTAL LIST PRICE 1 176 95 MONITOR OPTIONS List Sale 12 Hi Resolution Green or Amber Screen 199 00 99 00 13 Hi Resolution Color 399 00 195 00 Add 9 95 for Connection Cables and 10 for UPS EN 15 DAY FREE TRIAL We give you 15 days to try ott this ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM IF it doesn t meet your expectations just send it back to us prepaid and we will refund your purchase pr ce 90 DAY IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY if any o the ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM equipment or programs fail due to faulty workmanship or material we will replace it di li SP Y mith no service pone Best Prices Over 1000 Programs end 500 Accessories Available Best Service One Day Express Mail Programming Knowledge Technical Support Add 25 00 for shipping and handling COMP UTER DIRECT I Enclose Cashiers Check Money Order or Personal Check We Love Our Customers Allow 14 days for delivery 2 to 7 days for phone orders doy express mail We accept Visa and MasterCard We ship
13. req PC DOS amp 128K 495 289 MDBS Knowledgeman 500 300 PFS Graph 140 89 ROSESOFT Prokey 130 79 dBase 1 to II upgrade 5 200 119 MECA Managing Your Money 195 125 PFS Plan 140 89 WESTERN UNION Easy Link Mai Mngr 95 65 ATI Training Programs Large Inventory 75 50 MICROPRO WordStar PC 350 189 PFS Proof or PFS Access each 93 59 BPI Job Cost Accounting 795 495 WordStar Jr 195 115 SORCIM SuperCalc Ill S 395 d AN Gen Accig AR AP or PA each 595 375 wordStar 2000 495 295 STONEWARE Advanced DB Master 595 BRODERBUND Bank St Writer PC or Jr 80 50 WordStar 2000 Plus 595 325 THORN EMI Perfect Writer PC 349 179 HOME amp EDUCATIONAL CDEX Training Programs Large Inventory 70 45 WordStar Professional Plus 695 395 Pedeci Combo Wnter amp Speller PC 399 199 ARMONK Executive Suite 40 27 CONTINENTAL Ultafile PC 195 125 WordStar Professional 4 Pak 495 265 Perfect Combo Jr Wnte Spell Thesaus 139 89 SPI Personal Accounting 5 99 63 Tax Advantage PC ox Jr s 70 45 MailMerge SpeliStar or Starindex ea 99 54 VISICORP VisiCalc 4 250 159 CONTINENTAL Home Accountant Jr 73 59 ECM Filing Cataloging Mailing PC 125 75 ProOptions Pak MM SS S 195 105 WARNER Desk Organizer PC or Jr 195 125 _ Home Accountant Plus PC 150 90 Property Management PC 495 295 IntoStar Plus Starburst 595 315
14. 159 LIVING VIDEOTEXT ThinkTank 150 99 e e F Sn OTHER HARDWARE HAYDEN Sargon III 50 33 MECA Managing Your Money 200 125 KOALA Full line IN STOCK CALL T HUMAN EDGE Sales or Mgmt Edge ea 250 159 MEGAHAUS Megawiter NEW 5 100 65 Ad s CCS 7711 Senal Interface 150 90 KENSINGTON Starter Pak 90 60 Megaworks NEW 125 75 MICROSOFT iypng Tutor li f S 25 17 CPS EASTSIDE Wild Card Il copier e 140 99 Surge Suppressor 50 35 MICRO PRO WordStar 350 189 MONOGRAM Dolas amp Sense or SAM ea 100 59 16K RAM Card 114 1 Ltd Wi 179 39 pone TUI An o a Your Persona Net Worth B 50 ENT y LOTUS Jazz CALL WordStar Professional 4 Pak 495 265 HATES Ma ake Lali td 45 29 MAIN STREET Filer or Writer ea 199 125 MalMege SpeliStas or Starindex ea S 99 54 SERRA ONLINE Homeward ES KENSINGTON System Saver Fan 90 65 MAXELL 3 Dskettes 10 pak 60 35 IntoSta and StarCard Combo 505 295 SIMON amp SCHUSTER Typing uoi 50 33 KEY TRONIC KB200 Keyboard 298 188 MEGAHAUS Megalo 195 125 MICROSOFT PLUS BARRONS CBS DAVIDSON EDU WARE KOALA Muppet Keys B0 49 MICROSOFT BASIC Interprete 150 95 Mult Plan Ap DOS or CP M 99 69 HARCOURT LEARNING CO TERRAPIN Touch Tablet w Micro Illustrator 125 75 Word File or Multiplan each 195 129 OSBORNE COMX Disk and Book Stats Bus amp Math KRAFT Joystick 11 l1 65 49 MILES Mac the Knife 39 25
15. 5 29 OMEGA Locksmih 100 75 TEAC T40 Halt Ht Direct 163K S 249 169 5 Print Shop Graphics Library 25 18 PENGUIN Complete Graphics System S 80 54 Controller Card by ComX 110 45 i Sasa Bank St Writer or Speller ea spec e c 70 45 Graphics Magician s 60 40 T80 Half Ht Double 326K 449 329 LLL SM Bank St Combo Writer amp Speller 140 B5 PHOENIX Zoom Gralix 40 34 Controller Card by Teac 85 59 amp t A CONTINENTAL GL AR AP or PR each 250 165 QUALITY Bag of Trick S 40 29 RANA Elite 163K 40 Track S 379 199 CDEX for Viscalc Multiplan Apple lle ea 60 d 40 UNITED SWI ASCII Express The Pro 130 82 Elite 326K 80 Track 649 ri BLUECHIP Millionaire 60 r 39 DOW JONES Market Manager 300 189 UTILICO Essentia Data Duplicator III 80 49 Elite Controller 145 89 CENTRAL POINT Copy i MAC 40 30 Market Analyzer or Microscope ea 350 219 VIDEO TECH Half Ht Drive 225 149 CONROY LAPOINTE DISKETTES HAYDEN Pie Wnter v 2 2 150 89 HOME EDUCATIONAL DS DD 3 10 in flip pak 65 29 HOWARD SOFT Tax Preparer tor 84 taxes 250 165 BEAGLE BROS full ine IN STOCK CALL HARD DISKS CONTINENTAL Home Accountant 100 GSINUMANEDGE Sales Eige 5250 185 RODERBUNO Pm d say igs Tn SG CREATIVE SOLUTIONS MacForth Level 149 Management Edge 250 i C 2 SUARE ee 1995 1595 SOW JONES Market Manage 249
16. DOW JONES Home Budget 139 92 DOW JONES investment Evaluator 139 99 ConectStar 145 77 UTILITIES KOALA Graphics Exhibitor ur 40 25 Market Manage Plus 300 159 MICRORIM RBase Senes 4000 495 269 MONOGRAM Dollars amp Sense w forecast 165 110 Market Analyzer 350 219 Extended Report Writer 150 95 BORLAND Sidekick PC or Jr 55 35 SCARBOROUGH MasterType PC os Jr 50 32 Market Microscope 350 219 RBase Clout 195 125 Sidekick Copiable PC or Jr s 85 55 Your Personal Net Worth 100 63 Spread Sheet 249 159 MICROSOFT Spell 50 32 Turbo Pascal PC or jr 5 55 35 SIMON 4 SCHUSTER Typing Tutor 50 33 FOX amp GELLER Util 00S Cprm86 99 65 Multiplan PC or Jr 195 125 _ Toolbox PC o o 5 55 35 pL ys BPI CBS COMPREHENSIVE DAVIDSON Quickcode or dGraph each 295 165 Chart or Project each 250 159 CENTRAL POINT Copy I PC 40 30 HARCOURT PBL CORP HARVARD Total Project Manager 495 315 Word S 375 235 COMX Fastrak RAM Disk emulator amp printer spooler For Harvard Project Manager 395 239 Word with Mouse 475 289 any PC DOS or RAM Card Menu Driven 100 59 A y E HAYDEN Pie Writer 200 125 MONOGRAM Dollars amp Sense w Forecast 180 110 DIGITAL RES CP M 86 PC XT S 80 39 RECREATIONAI Pie Speller S 50 30 MULTIMATE Multimate Ver 4 0 495 295 CBASIC86 CP M B6 200 135 __ E HOWARDSOFT Tax Prepare lor
17. add is people lr M ILL A Abs ea oe Macintosh XL up to a full megahnite of RAM and a p bul in 10 MB hard disk The AppieTalk Personal Network lets vou connect up to 32 members of The Macintosh Office for an extremely low cost The cornerstone of The Macintosh Offic a our 512K Macintosh 3 equipped here with an external disk drive and numeric kev pad No not computer systems people to help you design it Or computer experts to show vou how to use it But the kind of people who already make up most of your office Manapers and professionals People who spend most of their time selling prod ucts services or most importantly ideas Because unlike traditional office computer solutions we didnt design The Macintosh Office around a mainframe We designed it around an idea The idea that people not main frames are the most important informa tion centers in an office And that most things in business are really accomplished by teams of 5 to 25 people who need to share information with each other What we call the zor amp eroup Thats whv we put Macintosh at the heart of The Macintosh Office Its powerful 32 bit technology reduces the time it takes to become productive with a computer from well over a work week to just under a lunch hour For the first time the people who could really use a computer managers and professionals had a computer they could really use In their choice of sizes
18. bigger Winchesters take corresponding ly longer to back up and give you even more floppies to worry about To make backing up more convenient many hard disk manufacturers include backup systems that use a medium other than floppy disks Among the various al ternatives today streaming tape systems are preferred because they use a technol ogy proved reliable Anyone who has ever faced an audio or video cassette probably feels on familiar turf when con fronted with a data tape Alas few popu lar computer systems with the excep tion of the Compaq Deskpro have built in facilities for tape handling so day to day backup must be suited to each supplier s system See COMPUT ERS amp ELECTRONICS September 1984 for a discussion of tape backup IBM s Cost Effective Backup System The right software can make hard disk backup with floppies manageable Rarely will you change the entire hard disk Likely only a few files will be mod ified during any one day Therefore it can be fairly easy to keep backups cur rent even on floppies without sacrific ing data integrity Modern disk operating systems like the latest versions of MS DOS make the task easier with selective backups A spe cial bit in the directory called an ar chive bit is set whenever a file is modi fied When that file is backed up using the standard DOS floppy backup system the archive bit is reset By giv ing DOS the proper backup comm
19. s master disk The starting size of DATABASE SVY is almost 180K bytes Once file definitions custom programs and user data are added to this environ ment it quickly becomes too large to fit on a floppy disk A test case with one in ternal data file containing around 900 records occupied over 400K bytes in an environment file Since IBM s DOS is unable to split a single file across disk boundaries using Savvy for any serious database applications requires a hard disk Another problem involves porting data files created in one data environ ment to those of another Savvy provides no direct facility for this function so the user must write a porting program that transfers the data first to and then from an intermediate ASCII file Although we did not try this it would appear to be a slow and clumsy process at best An odd and frustrating situation arose when the disk with our environment file had less than 11K bytes of free space re maining Savvy wouldn t let us in It dis played a DISK FULL message and we were forced to exit to DOS In order to get back in we had either to delete some other DOS files to free up enough Space or else move the environment file to a disk with more room Once we did get back into Savvy however we were able to use a procedure called Janitor to release any space in the environment file that wasn t being used to allow more room on the disk This procedure how ever took a long
20. 209 PARADISE Manila Graphics an 305 285 9 Each 4256 chips mr a Bd for AT se 5 PERSYST NEW 150 ns K z E PC Mono Board w para port 250 195 M EN S PCOG 3 a 122 PC Color Graphics Bd w tight pen amp iF 244 176 1 8 89 E 25 PCOG 232 BOB Board Color Adapter hi res 505 465 by CDC ts da PR ER 750 PLANTRONICS 4256 Chip 150 ns 90 Day rma te Fade 001 695 365 Color Bd amp Colormagic 16 color w Para 559 395 K Limited Warranty E ide der nied Color Bd amp Draftsman 16 color w Para 559 395 By Us E ComboPius Products IN STOCK CAT QUADRAM a ONY o i EN ie eee CALL Quadboard 64K to 384K S PCC G 395 245 64K MV A tc y Fo H Quadboard no RAM expand to 384K 295 225 CHIP KIT 3 a ee e Taea o TN 395 Quadboard 256K to 384K S P CC 675 395 Y SAN YO 5552 EconoRAM full 384K board 595 325 rand red ie s 222 29 Ae CALL CURTIS UNII Montor vi sunvel base 50 ZO Quadam Ii 64K to 256K 25 00 395 265 9 Each 4164 chips PRICES ARE MITH A acer 79 449 vamoard Il 256K 28 CC es E pa a DROPPING f HA E P A 335 Quad S12 64K w serial por 325 265 ay Warranty by us SO CALL 2150 eed Sen Dads Eon Po 138 Quad 512 256K w serial por 550 420 256K 2 320K Disk Drives 8087 M gs 245 195 Quad 512 512K w serial port 895 625 MS DOS 2 1 8088 Chip 2 S P CALL VES pe E A P 2g Quadcolor board 4 colors 295 129 d i H ARD DISKS HERCULES Color Card w par
21. City State Zip Please send free catalog 0 THE WORLD S LARGEST COMPUTER MAIL ORDER FIRM FOR YOUR APPLE COMPUTERS OTHER HARDWARE BUSINESS SOFTWARE UTILITIES SOFTWARE LIST CONROY LIST CONROY LIST CONROY eoe TRACKHOUSE Numeric Key Pad 5149 94 PRICE PRICE BEAGLE GPLE or Aipha Pl each 35 27 TG Select A Port 40 ALS Word or List Handler ea 80 Ful ine IN STOCK ALL SYSTEMS IN STOCK CALL Joystick or Game Paddles 45 29 Handler Pak Word List Spell 130 2 80 BORLAND Turbo Pasca 55 35 LIMITED WARRANTY 100 Parts amp Labor for 90 days byus VIDEX UltraTerm or e 379 229 APPLIED SOFT TECH VersaForm 389 249 CENTRAL POINT Copy Il Plus bit comer 40 25 a VideoTerm 80 col card e 279 175 ARKTRONICS Jane w Mouse II e 295 195 Filer Utiity amp Angle DOS S 20 15 FLOPPY DISK DRIVES PSI I F Card 229 145 Jane w o Mouse 11c 5179 119 EINSTEIN ALISON Compie S 129 95 m NT ICE ARTSCI Magic Window 150 1 EPSON Graphics Dump 15 9 MICRO SCI A2 143K Disk Drive ki 95 i MACI OSH __ ASHTON TATE dBase Req CP M 80 495 269 FUNK Sideways 6 40 A2 Controller Card 100 60 BPI Job Cost 595 375 HAYES Temna Prog for Smartmoderr 100 65 Half Height Drive tor lle 269 195 pa AR AP PR or INV each 395 240 MICROSOFT Full Line in Stock CALL Half Heitht Drive for lle 299 209 i BRODERBUND Pnn Shop
22. Macintosh 128k Macintosh 512K and Macintosh XL Then we designed a network solution for WO RS of 5 to 25 Instead of build ings of 500 to 2 500 We call it the AppleTalk Personal Network Its as easv to hook together as an extension cord And almost as cheap Less than 50 a desk versus up to 1 200 for a typical network system Since the number one product of business is still paper we found a way to make every sheet count A breakthrough in printed communications called the LaserWriter printer It produces publication quality text and graphics Making vour presentations reports and overheads more persuasive Weve even found a way for The Macintosh Office to share offices with IBM An AppleTalk card that slips into an IBM PC allowing it to trade information with Macintosh and access file servers Third party developers are also work ing onThe Macintosh Office Next month Society of Archiv o Ape hitectu Issue 12 The W 1400 New York Avenue Washingion DC 20018 Square The La a Ce Quris OF any 0 of buildings The man s Arthur Enc ckson dain tect and he has called Vancouver home For mosi of ya life lt y ies dapi alg nor recogni eli nam nga ema PLE pages pape span anma more Man n 30 years Anhu Erickson has received dnzens Of po egrett and virtu TH eve jor protessiona x onal pr To denis all Our Laser Writer produces publication quality text and graphics theyll be offe
23. O 8 issues Only 13 97 Save 16 New or renewal orders Savings based on full one year 12 issues subscription price of 2497 Mr Mrs Ms please pant ful name Company ze Address D City Check one O Payment enclosed O Bill me later Srare Zip Charge my O American Express O Viso O MasterCard Card No Add 1 per issue in Canada and all other foreign countries Please allow 30 to 60 days far delivery of first issue Exp Date Getting the Most Continued from page 54 ships among various files and directo ries Products such as IBM s DOS Tree Display utility and Direct Tree from Mi cro Z are examples of software that graphically display the hard disk s direc tory tree and allow you to select pro grams to run and conduct some file maintenance without having to interface directly with DOS While IBM s DOS includes a Tree command to list directo ries and subdirectories its scrolling dis play is virtually useless with a complicat ed hierarchical directory Some hard disk suppliers also offer DOS enhance ments to make the using of their prod ucts easier Sometimes you may need even more help As the directory structure becomes more complicated and the amount of available storage gets larger it is easy to lose files or to waste disk space by stor in
24. Some Common Basic Programs 75 ea 100 49 RECREATIONAL Game Paddles 11 11 50 39 MONOGRAM Dollars amp Sense 150 95 Practical Basic Programs 40 ea 100 49 SOFTWARE MAR Sup A fan 11 50 3J NOVATION Smaricat Plus Modem wisot 499 379 PEACHTREE Seis 40 3Pak GLAR amp AP 395 239 1 UF EWA m MICROSOFT 16K RAM Card Il 100 69 ODESTA Helix 395 265 QUARK Word Juggler amp Lexicheck e or c 189 129 BLUECHIP Millionaire or Squire ea 50 32 280 Sottcard e 345 235 PENGUIN Graphics Magician 50 32 SENSIBLE Sensible Speller 125 79 DATASOFT Aztec or Zaxxon each s 40 27 280 Softcard Premium ej 395 275 PROMETHEUS SIERRA ON LINE Homeword 50 45 ELECTRONIC ARTS Sky Fox 40 29 ORANGE MICRO Grappler Pius e 149 99 5 oder 1200 wicabl amp sottw 495 350 General Manager li 230 155 Pinball or Music Const ea s 40 29 Sena apple 119 79 pROWUE Dvervue 295 195 ScreenWnter Il 2 Pak w Dictionary 130 89 HAYDEN Sargon Ill Chess 50 34 16K Buffer Board for Grappler Plus 99 69 SCARBOROUGH Masiertype 35 19 SOFTWARE ARTS Visicaic lle 149 99 INFOCOM Zork Il or ill ea 40 27 Buttered Grappier Plus 16K 239 159 SIMON amp SCHUSTER Typing Tutorill 50 33 SOFTWARE PUBL specy ore for all ORIGIN Utima l 60 40 2 Che Set for Buttered Grappler 28 12 SOFTW PUB PFS File o PFS Repot ea 125 79 PFS Fie 7 125 79 PENGUIN Transylvan
25. a including details about the ciate Degree program training laboratories i understand there is nn r or the catalog and a CIE Whether it s learning new skills or upgrading representative may c ere is no obligation old ones CIE can start you where you want i Print Name EEE O take you as far as you want From the basics to CIE s Associate in Applied Science Degree Adeo S cid M in Electronics We ve done it for thousands of City l State Zip students We can do it for you Age ArsaC Phone No Check box for G I Bill bu tin on Educational Benefits Veteran Active Gl o SI a es DISCACHE Ultra fast hard disk subsystem supports multiple use BY JON PEPPER FTER you ve finally acquired the A right microcomputer a book case full of software and the perfect printer what s there left to wish for How about hard disk storage faster execution speed a print spooler cache RAM and networking all in one pack age That s what you get with DisCache a high performance Winchester disk subsystem from Eicon Research DisCache offers quite a lot in a small package 10M bytes of hard disk stor age a256K RAM cache memory a 1M byte print spooler and a dedicated inter nal microprocessor Plus the unit is the basis for an inexpensive highly efficient networking system About the Hardware DisCache comes with an interface card for your computer curren
26. character space field or to extend a char acter across two or more fields Going Further The obvious next step in generating custom characters is to design a com plete custom character set and I intend to do just that when time permits Many other possibilities also exist For instance why let the program de cide which letters will be drawn in an un changeable sequence when you can in Fig 7 Changing the plotter s scale under program or front panel control put custom characters directly from the alters the dimensions of the letters drawn by the program in Listing 2 keyboard When added to the program in Listing 2 the following routine does just that Fig 8 An EXIT sign created by the program in Listing 3 92 Z INKEYS IF Z THEN 92 94 IF Z M THEN 200 96 IF Z S THEN 300 98 IF Z THEN 400 230 GOTO 92 330 GOTO 92 420 GOTO 92 This simple keyboard input routine doesn t trap errors so it s important to enter the correct character But it nicely illustrates how simple it is to revise a character generater program for a plot ter Although the original program prints my last name the revised program can be used to direct the plotter to print such words as MISS IS and SIS Add a subroutine for the letter E to Listing 3 and many other words can be printed drawn by this program The original has Fig 9 Since the letters in the EXIT sign w created by a idu characters measuring 15 cent
27. inventory purchase order order entry and point of sale Written in dBase Il but source code not provided 595 per module Dow Jones Software Accounting Dow Jones Software PO Box 300 Princeton NJ 08540 800 257 5114 Includes inventory sales order and purchase order 1000 per module EasyBusiness Series Sorcim IUS Micro Software 2195 Fortune Dr San Jose CA 95131 408 942 1727 Includes payroll inventory and order entry Interfaces to EasyWriter ll and EasyPlanner 595 745 per module Excalibur Plus Armor Systems inc 324 Orlando Ave Maitland FL 32751 305 629 0753 Includes payroll counter sales work in progress billing purchase orders deprecia tion and customer information Multi user ver sion available Most modules 695 each ods are theirs alone Such differences in accounting procedures constitute the major obstacle to using off the shelf ac counting programs Even if the initial in stallation is satisfactory a time may come when changes in the firm s needs require customized alterations Unfortunately an accounting pack age unlike a word processor or spread sheet cannot be somehow finessed to fit just any task An accounting system must correspond exactly to the way the firm actually does business or it may run the firm financially off course and very possibly afoul of the law A company with an accounting system that can be extensively modified of cour
28. systems automatically assign a limited amount of disk space for a directory As with the FAT this limited directory space necessarily imposes a limit on the number of files that the operating system can find and use Because early operat ing systems were designed before any body thought hard disks would become popular for personal computers their designed in directory capacity was mod est 64 files for IBM s original PC DOS indeed ludicrously small when com pared to a hard disk To get around the limitations of older Operating systems most suppliers of add on hard disk systems include soft ware to partition or divide up a single physical hard disk into a number of vir Winn L Rosch is a lawyer who now de votes his time to free lance writing about computer hardware tual volumes The operating system is fooled into thinking each virtual volume is a different physical drive and each volume gets its own FAT and its own di rectory In such systems organizing your disk files is simply a matter of con tinuing to distribute them as if they were on separate floppy disks Often such a management scheme is workable but it leaves you without some of the organiza tional advantages of a hard disk Organizing Hard Disks with Trees Advanced operating systems like PC DOS and MS DOS versions 2 0 and higher or Apple s ProDOS share a common influence AT amp T s well publi cized UNIX operating system Al though U
29. taries accountants engineers lawyers everybody Even first timers take a liking to this computer the moment they take it out of the box Perhaps its good looks have a lot to do with this But its beauty is more than skin deep Its smart integrated cabinet takes up precious little space on your desk There are no complicated wires or clumsy boxes to set up All you have to do is plug it in The keyboard is the same familiar layout your fingers know and love Plus a couple of nice touches Like separate A RADIO RGT AL AOA 2 visiTRND Por E VISIFILE cursor keys and a Separate numeric keypad to make it easier to work with programs that have long lists and lots of numbers The NCR PC even comes with two special self teaching programs that will have you computing in a matter of minutes NCR PAL shows you how to use the computer itself NCR TUTOR introduces you to word processing spreadsheets and other popular busi ness programs And if you get lost along the way theres a built in HELP command vou type in to get you back on track Add all this up and you start io see why the NCR PC is so compatible with people Of course it s also compatible with thousands of programs available at computer stores everywhere And its compatible with industry standard hardware Which means vou E y E E 3 ur E E A L 2 1 ae BN E E 3 5 3 E E p 3 5 i L E de y j L E 2 2 E ii j 4 i E ii i can add o
30. 221 East Camelback 1 Phoenix AZ 85012 602 993 0398 CABLE TELEVISION Copy of Federal Laws 10 00 Rob erts P O Box 63 6025 CE Margate Florida 33063 305 752 9202 MICROWAVE ANTENNAS COMPLETE WITH WAR RANTY from the original manufacturer Three styles Daisey Parobolic and Yaggi We also repair all down con verters and power supplies S A P 3531 W Glendale Ave Phoenix Arizona 85021 602 973 9117 FREE CATALOG 99 KITS Audio video TV computer parts Allkit 434 West 4th St West Islip NY 11795 SATELLITE TV RECEIVER BREAKTHROUGH Build your Own system and save Instruction manuals schematics circuit boards Send stamped envelope XANDI Box 25647 Dept 22Z Tempe AZ 85282 WHOLESALE PANASONIC SONY MARANTZ VCR TELE VISION MATV CATV ACCESSORIES 718 897 0509 D amp WP 68 12 110 St Flushing NY 11375 MICROWAVE ANTENNA SYSTEMS Freg 711026 GHe 34 db Gain COMPLETE SYSTEMS las pictured Comercial 40 EL 08 95 Parabolic 30 Dish Myle 3 35 LIFETIME WARRANTY PARTS AND LABOR CALL OA WRITE FOR KITS PARTS a INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS We Repel All Types Down Converters amp Power Supplies Phillips Tech Electronics P O Bon 34772 p Poenis AZ 85067 602 967 6972 con s Special Quaniily Pricing Dealers Wanted CABLE TV CONVERTERS Police Radar Detectors and Scanners Send 1 00 for catalog Great Lakes Com munications Inc 0 2026 Chicago Drive Jenison MI 49428 CAB
31. 25 cents Meshna Nahant Mass 01908 ELECTRONIC CATALOG Over 4 500 items Parts amp com ponents Everything needed by the hobbyist or techni cian 2 00 postage amp handling United States Only refundable with first 15 00 order T amp M Electronics 472 East Main St Patchogue NY 11772 516 289 2520 POLICE CODE UNSCRAMBLERS lets you hear the coded messages of Police Fire and Medical channels plus other scanner accessories satisfaction guaranteed DNE Inc Rt 7 Box 257 A Hot Springs AR 71901 501 623 6027 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS your artwork Quick deliv ery Reasonable Atlas Circuits Box 892 Lincolnton NC 28092 704 735 3943 FREE CATALOG of special function IC s and quality com ponents Goldsmith Scientific 720 E Industrial Park Dr Manchester NH 03103 CABLE TV products Jerrold Hamlin and Oak send 3 00 to ADDITIONAL OUTLET CORP 1041 W Commercial Ft Lauderdale FL 33309 LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES ANYWHERE Computers Hardware Software Printers Audio Video Car Stereo ELECTRIFIED DISCOUNTERS 996 Orange Ave West Haven CT 06516 MC VISA 203 937 0106 CABLE T V EQUIPMENT JERROLD HAMLIN OAK ali types We also have Jerrold SB 3 in kit form All parts and instructions included Dealer inquiries invited S A P 3531 W Glendale Ave Phoenix Arizona 85021 602 973 9117 CABLE CONVERTERS MICROWAVE T V antennas all types of cable T V accessories and kits HMR SALES
32. 285 05972 749374 100 disk equivalent under 05618 7493 5 05756 05900 74 9133 2 100 05973 7419375 3 129 05620 7494 2 05758 2 05901 74LS136 3 10 05974 7415386 3 100 n DOS 2 X l 05622 7495 2 05760 2 05902 7418138 2 1 05975 74 9390 1 85 Optional Hardware Supported Printer 56 05903 7419138 5 235 05976 74LS393 2 150 05624 7496 2 05762 2 k T E 05626 7497 1 05764 2 05904 74L8139 2 1 00 9077 74LS399 95 05628 74100 ict 05905 7418139 5 235 05978 7415624 1 129 a 05766 05906 74LS148 1 150 05979 7aLS629 1 225 05630 74104 1 05768 E E 05907 74LS151 00 05980 74LS640 1 144 05632 741005 1 Doo 044 text files with your computer there may that these multiples will not be broken outside Mass only Pkg d Quantity is One 1 unless otherwise indicated 13107 Northup Way dexed files will be waiting to do an after noon s job in seconds MAIL ORDER Canada Bellevue wash Tol Free 1 800 361 5884 206 881 8191 Computers amp Electronics 2114 PARTIAL LISTING ONLY PLEASE CALL OR WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG STATIC RAMS 1024x4 1024x4 2048x8 2048x8 2048x8 2048x8 2048x8 2048x8 2048x8 8192x8 21141 2 TMM2016 200 TMM2016 150 TMM2016 100 HM61164 HM6116 3 HM6116LP4 HM6116LP 3 HM6264P 15 450n8 200ns LP 200ns 150ns 100ns 200ns cmos 150ns cmos 200ns cmos LP 150ns cmos LP 150ns cmos 8 9 95 8 13 95 3 25 3 75 4 75 3 69 3 95 3 95 4 25 17 95 LP L
33. 80219 5554 800 543 7711 303 934 2211 Qubi 4809 Calle Alto Camarillo CA 93010 800 821 4479 Santa Clara Systems Inc 560 Division St Campbell CA 95008 408 729 6700 Standard Data Corp 3040 S W 10th St Pompano Beach FL 33069 305 971 2800 Sysgen Inc 47853 Warm Springs Blvd Fremont CA 94539 415 490 6770 Systems Peripherals Consultants 9747 Business Park Ave San Diego CA 92131 619 693 8611 Tailgrass Technologies 11100 W 82nd St Lenexa KS 66214 913 492 6002 Tecmar inc 6225 Cochran Rd Cleveland OH 44139 3377 216 349 0600 Thoughtworks Inc 21636 N 14th Ave Phoenix AZ 85027 602 581 0669 Vufax Inc 5301 Covington Hwy Decatur GA 30035 404 981 6778 Xcomp 4223 Ponderosa Ave San Diego CA 92123 619 573 0077 BUYER S GUIDE TO HARD DISKS 57 BUYER S GUIDE TO HARD DISKS Product Mac Disk MacDrive QC10 Megabank 10 Piato The Sider INFAX Bernoulli Box Mini Mega 12 6 Superior Ex Omni Drive BC 10 Hard Disk Syst PHD 10 PC Megastore 11 11 Targa2 Tape Diskit Hard Disk Sys Datafile TG 5025 MNC 10 AT Disksystem Masterflight TeamMate 1213 1 Colossus First Mate PC Disk 20 Disc File IS00 PC Mate 40200 Gemini W Floppy PC eXTender CI PCHD 52121M PCTO QuadDisk Turbo 10 Genoa 10 2110 Vision 20 RDS 350 10 n 10 RamTape PC Fixed Disk P10 XT Legacy Ill Manufacturer Davong Tecmar Quark Mercury Megabank Disc Tech One First C
34. 84 295 195 OPEN SYS GLARAP PRINVorPO a 5695 420 CBASIC Compler CP M 86 o PCDOS e3 600 395 BLUECHIP Millionaire Barron Tycoon ea 60 39 Real Fstate Analyze 250 170 PEACHTREE Back to Basics GL 295 175 Goncunent CP M 80 wiwindows 5835 225 BRODERBUND Large Inventory In Stock CALL HUMAN EDGE Mind Prober PC orJr 50 32 Peach Pak 395 225 ht PC DOS S 750 495 ELECTRONIC ARTS Lage Invertary in Stock CALL Communications Edge PC 195 119 Peach Text 5000 395 225 Speed Prog Pkg CP M 86 200 135 HAYOEN Sargon ill Chess s 50 34 Sales Edge 250 159 QUADRAM Tax Strategy 305 295 DRLOGO 85 UP M 86 5 100 69 INFOCOM Large Inventory In Stock CALL Management Edge 250 159 Investment Strategy 395 295 EP YX In Stock CALL MICROSOFT Flight Simulator PC or Jr 50 33 Negotiation Edge 295 185 QUE Using 1 2 3 15 12 FUNK SOFTWARE Sideways 60 40 ORIGIN Ultima Ill PC or Jr 5 60 39 IUS EasyWnter l System 350 250 1 2 3 tor Business 15 12 HAYES Smartcom II Data Comm 149 99 PROFESSIONAL Tnvia Fever PC or Jr 40 25 EasySpeller 85 125 Using Symphony 2 15 UFEBOAT Lattice C 500 295 SPECTRUM HOLOBYTE Gato 40 25 GL AR AP OE or INV each 595 375 SAMNA Word Plus 295 185 MICROSTUF Crosstak XVI PC or Jr S 195 129 SPINNAKER Presidents Choice Amazoi KENSINGTON Easy Link Mail Manage 95 59 SATELLITE WordPertect PC 495 235 MICROSOFT Mac
35. Albuguerque NM 87104 n0b5 242 3333 Price 5395 00 Requirements IBM PO XT AT or compatible 128K HAM PC MS DOS 2 x 3 D one double sided drive First of all Savvy only seems to catch simple transpositions in the first seven or so letters hardly a brilliant example of artificial intelligence another market ing claim Second it s possible to invoke a totally unwanted and perhaps de structive command with a misspelling that Savvy incorrectly interprets Worse yet 1t may not be obvious what com mand Savvy has just executed Merciful ly Savvy allows you to disable this feature Savvy however does make life easier by allowing the user to create aliases for key words and to attach or assign words to function keys both very useful features not always found in other prod ucts It also provides the ability to redi rect input normally taken from the key board The input can originate from a disk file which allows the user to auto mate processing sequences and mimic keyboard input for demos Manipulating Data and Files Using the conversational mode the user can create new memory variables called items and manipulate them at will For example we might type the fol lowing commands COPY the 20 to Oranges COPY the 10 to Apples ADD the Apples to the Oranges COPY the SUM to Fruit If Savvy encounters an item not previ ously defined 1t will allow the user to add it immediately to th
36. B a ru ES sar A ee eT EE um Lis r pu rs arm a hLCUEPEN ER 7 Ta 7 Lam mm TL j E Bev April 1985 AA AA x the problem can be fixed without open ing the drive For most companies these also represent minimum charges Some times you ll have to pay the minimum even if no overt problem can be isolated Other companies offer a testing only ser vice typically under 100 But remem ber that it takes a lot more testing and ef fort to prove that a drive has nothing wrong with it than it does to repair one with an obvious failure That s one rea sor to make sure that the controller card or ether external part isn t at fault before sending the mechanical mechanism off for service Typical industry warranties on repair work generally run 30 to 90 days though you may get up to one year on major re pairs such as clean room work especial ly if the recording media or heads were replaced Even though you ll want to get your equipment functioning again as quickly as possible avoid the temptation to rush it off to repair Investigate the company you ll be working with first Make sure yo understand probable costs and that you know something about their experi ence in the field HARD DISK DISPLAY amp BACKUP SOFTWARE Direct Tree 50 Micro Z Company 4 Santa Bella Rd Rolling Hills East CA 90274 213 377 1640 Dump Restore XT 130 Cogitate Bus amp Mgmt Serv 24000 Telegraph Rd Southfie
37. Box 1001 Barrington Ill 60010 C O D to continental U S addresses only 31 2 382 5050 to order Computers amp Electronics Circle No 38 on Free information Card 9 FANTASTIC COMPUTER PRINTER SALE COM STAR T F Tractor COM STAR Friction Printer 5 69 e Lowest Priced Best Quality Tractor Friction Printers in the U S A e Fast 80 120 160 Characters Per Second e Word Processing DELUXE COMSTAR T F 30 CPS Printer 169 00 This COMSTAR T F Tractor Friction PRINTER is exceptionally versatile It prints 815 x 11 standard size single sheet stationary or continuous feed computer paper Bi directional impact dot matrix 80 CPS 224 characters Centronics Parallel Interface Premium Quality 120 140 CPS 10X COM STAR PLUS Printer 199 The COM STAR PLUS gives you all the features of the COMSTAR T F PRINTER plus a 10 carriage 120 140 CPS 9 x 9 dot matrix with double strike capability for 18 x 18 dot matrix near letter quality high resolution bit image 120 x 144 dot matrix underlining back spacing true lower decenders with super amp subscripts prints standard italic block graphics amp special characters It gives you print quality and features found on printers costing twice as much Centronics Parallel Interface Better than Epson FX80 RATED BEST BUY BY CONSUMERS DIGEST BUYERS GUIDE JANUARY 1985 List 499 00 Sale 199 00 Premium Quality 120 140 CPS 15
38. CRT a 20 minute JOb and eliminate eye fa tigue improve appearance Free literature ALSO anti ra diation anti glare terminal shields Langley St Clair instrumentation Systems 132 W 24th St NY NY 10011 800 221 7070 FREE 64 PAGE COMPUTER CATALOG crammed full of thousands of the best buys and lowest prices around A P COMPUTER PRODUCTS Dept CC 214A East Main Patchogue NY 11772 516 698 8636 e A A A A AAA A FULLY ENCODED ASCII KEYBOARDS new multifea tured 35 APPLESOFT ROM sets 60 Apple Xerox Bigboard builders send stamp flyer Electrovalue Box 376 PK Morris Plains NJ 07950 A SARA P USED COMPUTER terminais printers cabies Surplus electronic parts Specials 9 CRT as is 10 00 Switching power supply new 37 50 Catalog 1 00 Rondure Company The Computer Room CE PO Box 35566 Dal las TX 75235 214 630 4621 BE a el studia tq lal t s cR ER SELF CONTAINED eprom programmer emulator kit from U S 79 00 Z 80 based microcomputer kit from U S 129 00 FREE CATALOG Protec 725 Decarie 202 St Laurent QC Canada H4L 3L4 Tel 514 744 3363 U S Inquiries MM rc gt DISCOUNT COMPUTER SUPPLIES Write for free cata log Mail to C R E Wholesale P O Box 361 North Lake Utah 84054 A o NP Rm E DISK DRIVES ALIGNED AND REPAIRED 5 SS 40 5 DS 8 SS 50 8 DS 70 includes minor parts Dealers welcome Micro Scot P O Box 768 5515 Ruhkala Rd Rockiin CA 95677 916 624 5636
39. Can drive four floppy disk drives and up to eight expansion cards Short circuit and overload protection Fits inside Apple computer Fully regulated 5V 5A 12V 1 5A 5V SA 12V SA Direct plug in power cord included Size 9 L x 3 b W x 2 H Weight 2 Ibs KHP4007 SPS 109 4 CHANNEL SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY Microprocessor mini camputer terminal medical equipment and process control applications Input 90 130VAC 47 440Hz Output 5VDC 5A 5VDC 1A 12VOC 1A 12VDC O 1 A Line regulations 0 2 Ripple 30mV p p Load regulation 1 Overcurrent protection Adj 5V main Output 10 Size 638 L x 1 W x 4 15 16 H Weight 1 Ibs FGS 604 A 5 6 gied IE a we Eee ee BM PCXT EQUIVALENT 130 WATT POWER SUPPLY UPGRADE YOUR PC Input 100V 130V 200V 260V selectable amp 47 to 63Hz Output 5VDC 15A 5VDC 0 5A 12VDC 4 2A 12VDC 0 5A Plug compatible connectors Fits into IBM PC Weight 6 bs 169 95 Spec Sheets 30 each Send 1 00 Postage for your FREE 1985 JAMECO CATALOG Prices Subject to Change 10 00 Minimum Order U S Funds Only California Residents Add 6 Sales Tax Shipping Add 5 plus 1 50 Insurance Send S A S E tor Monthly Sales Flyer w VISA ELECTRONICS ia 1355 SHOREWAY ROAD BELMONT CA 94002 4 85 PHONE ORDERS WELCOME 415 592 8097 Telex 176043 Circle No 21 on Free Information C
40. Ee 05778 74LS03 4 120 05913 74LS157 3 135 about this essential procedure ce AM i A 7 20 05914 74LS158 2 100 D 05510 7404 3 05644 2 ss xn M Ib LR D T My irritation quickly subsided how 55 7 2 2 ae aa gt 05784 74 805 4 120 05916 7418161 2 1 30 ever when I used ZyINDEX to search dida 05786 741808 4 1 20 05917 7418162 2 130 m t406 2 05650 2 dm BE EM T5 Ge MID D 15 through several disks that contained files e El e m 05652 2 05790 741809 4 120 05919 7418164 2 130 m A A i1 05654 2 05792 74S10 4 120 05920 74 S165 2 140 I had downloaded from Compuserve ze x Bi ate 05794 74LS10 10 285 05921 7418166 1 135 Most of the files contained only a few y oN 056 05796 74LS11 4 120 05922 74LS169 1 100 05524 13 3 05660 05708 74S12 3 100 08923 7418170 1 130 lines of messages I really wanted to save 0552 1414 2 05662 05800 74813 3 100 05924 7318173 2 105 ion 05528 7416 2 05664 05802 741814 2 105 05925 74LS174 2 11415 and screen o upon screen of SIBILZONIS 05530 747 2 1 05666 05804 74LS15 2 105 05926 74LS174 5 270 menu selections and assorted garbage 05532 7420 3 1 05668 05806 74LS20 4 1 20 05927 74LS175 2 115 05534 7422 3 1 05670 1 05808 74LS21 4 1 20 05928 74LS181 1 175 With ZyINDEX I was able to search all 05536 7423 3 1 05672 2 05810 741822 3 100 05929 74 8190 2 145 e r 05538 7425 3 1 05674 2 05812 74LS26 3 100 05930 7418191 2 135 the files fo Bn subject The searches 05540 7426 3 05
41. Illustrator JOSEPH PRIEBOY Art Assistant L PERRIN TOMICH Editorial Assistant Contributing Editors So Libes Forrest M Mims III Barbara E McMullen John F McMullen Editorial and Executive Offices One Park Avenue New York N Y 10016 212 503 3500 Advertising Sales Offices Jean Anderson Assistant to the Publisher Desir e Sample Advertising Coordinator Eastern Ken Lipka 1 Park Ave New York N Y 10016 212 503 5029 Linda M Holbrook 160 State St Boston MA 02109 617 367 7190 Midwestern Robert Vanek Suite 1400 180 N Michigan Ave Chicago IL 60601 312 346 2600 Western Janet Bish 11 Davis Dr Belmont CA 94002 415 98 2290 Anne Abeln 3460 Wilshire Blvd Los Angeles CA 90010 213 387 2100 Southeastern Mark Browning PO Box 81306 2511 Carroll Ave Atlanta GA 30366 404 455 3430 Computer Publications Division Kenneth Koppel President Eileen G Markowitz Senior Vice President Jonathan D Lazarus Vice President Editorial Baird Davis Vice President Production Jerry Schneider Vice President Licensing and Special Projects Herbert Stern Vice President Creative Services Alicia Marie Ivans Vice President Circulation James Ramaley Vice President Circulation Services Ronnie Sonnenberg Marketing Manager Gary A Gustafson Business Manager Ernest F Baxter Editorial Director Ziff Davis Publishing Co Richard P Friese President Phillip T Heffernan Senior Vice President Phi
42. P6500 6 uo 120 9929 8400 LMSRICN 193 ADCOSOGLCN 7 25 3 amp 2 7 y LM709CN 36 ADCOBO4LEN S 00 WW 5 euno for e total of 360 I LE I 4 63 26 200 Es s S E8803 4700 1 17 100 LMN OS ADCOBOSLCN 5 83 pieces ae Tm ju E 63 23 23 Em 3 eos 6800 9 1473 133 00 LM725CN 495 ADCOBOBCCN 12 86 z Wm solders be ire Wrar 3 V 278 PES 0000 240 1850 167 00 Remember a O after the resistance value inckcaies a Ye 33 amp 3 33 00 ne ADCGOCEMA AB RELLA DLE COST EFFICIENT CONTACT DESIGN 56 P UMEN 142 A NODE WES watt an H mdicates a Y watt lia IKO or TOKM 0 Wee Weap te SQ older Tad micro inches gohi miey 100 2 BE gt 76 TOO 88 444 3 P6505 Dom Pocas are lor single viue ove a mekel difiusion barrier t E Po sees E 3 EMEN AOOOBUCEN d Wart 5 for 25 200 tor 3 40 1000 lor 613 00 Copper mee na CA 775 allay a a een m s gt POSOO zon 1581 6 10600 Pu mE ACC S0 Wen amp tor 256 200 for 3 60 1000 for 18 009 Srtvrcuted contect points e en 00 T ico ca Prelanded cuni cue der 1000 83 154 13 den LMT45BN 7 ADCIO21CCN34 00 n order to recerve the pricing below the resi pay dt quads Fi ud 61 S d n 99 5470 LM1496N 165 ADC35 1CCN 13 75 F number must be totiowed by amp ND be 10KO ND and MOTI Boutronerrnt baiar pro Ne pm trodes T0 AA rd 100 128 15 100 i 85 B63 LM 18008 5 5 ANCONA ordered m multiples of 1 000 onty haa def e iria pte Sin g b QR epi 100 19 154 06 mS n BAA 0 LMIBUIN an DIGO maeaea menee
43. Plugs into User Port Provides Standard RS232 signal levels Uses 6 signals Transmit Receive Clear to Send Request to Send Data Terminal Ready Data Set Ready JE232CM 39 95 VOICE SYNTHESIZER FOR APPLE AND COMMODORE a WN M AS JES20AP JES20CM e Over 250 word vocabulary aflixes allow the formation of more than 500 words Built in ampltfier speaker volume control and audio jack Recreates a clear natural male voice Plug in user ready with documentation and sample software Case siza TAUL x 3 4 W x 1 3 8 H APPLICATIONS Security Warning Teaching nstrumentation Description For Commodore 64 amp VIC 20 For Apple Il and fle e Telecommunication Handicap Aid Games Part No JES20CM JES20AP Price 114 95 149 95 an Major manufacturers Not Micron Computer Memory Expansion Kits IBM PC PC XT and Compatibles Most of the popular Memory Boards eg Quadram Expansion Boards aliow you to add an additional 64K 128K 192K or 256K The IBM64K Kn will populate these boards M 64K byte increments The Kit is simple to instal just inseri the 9 64K RAM chips in the provided sockets and set the 2 groups ol switches Complete conversion documentation included IBM64K Nine 200ns 64K RAMs 33 49 IBM PC AT Each hit comes complete with nine 128K dynamic RAMs and documentation for conversion IBM128K Nine 250ns 128K RAMs 199 95 APPLE lie Extended
44. YOUR PC Published quarterly in February May August and November PC BUYERS GUIDE is always timely incorporating the most recent releases and services with accurate descriptions and costs y Everything is logically categorized Phone 1 and cross indexed so you wont miss TOLL FREE one listing 9 am 5 pm EST In addition to detailed listings of 1 800 526 0790 OE new hardware and software youll In NJ only N finda complete guide TO 1 201 540 0445 j e Consultants e On line Bulletin Boards e Furniture e Literature User Groups if M ciere M BUYERS GUIDE lt n v4 vorstown NJ 07960 L E p I 93 g E G Y B B T 8 Ms E 4 B i S DE P LE Please send me the latest edition of PC BUYERS GUIDE Enclosed is 9 50 7 95 per copy plus 1 55 each for postage and handling 11 00 out side USA send US funds only Residents of CA CO CT DC FL IL MA MI MO NJ and NY State add applicable sales tax e Professional Societies e Computer Groups e Retail and Mail Order Outlets e Maintenance Services AND MUCH MORE Order your copy today Also available at your local newsstand and computer store Mr Mrs Ms _ please print full name Address City State Zip LL A ad Smart Series Continued from page 40 matically reformats the text whenever the cursor is moved to a new li
45. and Out put for Models 1 35 111 4 55 and CoCo 50 requires 5V supply Send check or money order to D amp A RE SEARCH 400 Wilson Avenue Satellite Beach FL 32937 305 777 1728 A ee VRU LE UE CONTROL 128 DEVICES with your computer 16 95 for plans schematics diagrams programming Affordable Expandable B A Smith P O Box 1113 Elbridge NY 13060 pni E civic A caida c a ee BUILD AN EPROM PROGRAMMER for the Commodore 64 VIC 20 Four plans send 6 00 to H A L PO Box 532 Nauvco Illinois 62354 WANTED GOLD electronic circuit board scrap silver platinum tantalum mercury Ores metals assayed Samples eval uated Wholesale Terminal toll free 1 800 932 1010 617 326 3442 in Mass TUBES Mo A TUBES Oldies Latest Supplies components sche matics Catalog Free stamp appreciated Steinmetz 7519 PE Maplewood Hammond Ind 46324 PERSONALS we MAKE FRIENDS WORLDWIDE through international cor respondence illustrated brochure free Hermes Verlag Box 110660 Z D 1000 Bertin 11 W Germany A aie e A EN E SA a ae ees CORRESPONDENCE TO ASIA FOR LASTING RELA TIONSHIP Free information AAWS CE Box 2777 Orcutt CA 93455 0777 TS INSTRUCTION REPAIR ELECTRONIC ORGANS Revised home study course Covers all Current makes and models Free book let Niles Bryant School P O Box 20153 Sacramento CA 95820 UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY SPECIAL EVALUATION of existin
46. before you sold separately and plug the mod A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION leave work and hundreds of other ules into wall outlets The Controller chores all automatically You can sends on off signals over your Prices apply at participating Radio Shack stores even outsmart a burglar by making home s electrical wiring and dealers S SOFTWARE REVIEWS SAVVY PC Database manager has English like front end BY MICHAEL K GUTTMAN amp CRAIG KRUM T the circus the world s fattest A man and the smartest ele phant ever in captivity may not be what the barker claims But we re not bothered We expect some harmless hyperbole When buying software we are likely to have a different reaction to exaggera tion Savvy from Excalibur Technology comes with some strong claims in its pitch According to the product s man ual this is the ultimate database pro gram with features that are phenome nal and unique The manual also makes frequent criticisms of more tradi tional application development systems Does Savvy measure up Well it may not be the end all 1ts makers claim but 1t definitely offers some very noteworthy features Unfortunately it also has some regrettable weaknesses that cry out for correction How Savvy Works Savvy creates its own environment a kind of operating system that guides the a ey x vd Yo s A s NT r user s every move Initi
47. comes to repair ing the hard disk itself most retailers prefer to use factory service or a profes sional drive repair facility There proba bly are a few exceptions but generally you should insist that your dealer use outside service Here s why Information is recorded on a Win chester disk at relatively high density That is bytes are a lot closer together than they are on floppy disks The read write heads that transfer informa Continued on page 77 Computers amp Electronics Batch the capabilities of your Apple 9 multiply every month when you d on At The Independent Guide for pple Computing Irs compatible with very modelincluding rhe Apple Il IH lle M Lisa and Macintosh A is your connection ro in depth prod uct reviews of the newest Apple and compatible hardware software and peripherals innovative applications in cluding database management tele communications and graphics the hor test new games helpful tutorials and much much more Complete and mail the attached order form today to begin your subscription to At the most important add on for your Apple SUBSCRIBE TODAY AND SAVE UP TO 26 PO Box 2964 Boulder Colorado 80322 4 aN 1 M gt AN p I crszisi want to subscribe to At The Independent Guide for Apple Computing Please enter my subscription for O 12 issues One Year O 24 issues two Years Only 1997 Only 3697 Save 20 Save 26
48. could provide area coverage As a result fast high resolution printing would be possi ble The decrease in drop size would pro duce high resolution and the increase in drop formation rate accompanied by an increase in available jets would increase the effective throughput rate Inside view of the Xerox 1770 showing four color ink reservoirs atop the print head PHOTO BY BOB LORENZ Computers amp Electronics GUEST CC COLUMN P ak at og THE HOW TO CHOOSE A COMPUTER BOOK BOOK BY RUSSEL GRIFFIN amp VICTOR MILLER E know it s hard to know where to start when you re buying that first computer There are so many you need a book to help you pick one But if you check out the bookstore window there are so many books to help you select a comput er you need a computer to pick which book Big small thin short tall and ev ery color it s a real jungle and it s no snap deciding which one s right for you And that s where we come in to help you over the rough spots to that proud moment when you walk out of the book store ready to face the world with your brand new how to buy a computer book under your arm So take a deep breath and relax Buying a book s like riding a bicycle first time s the hardest All you do is follow our Ten Simple Steps Dressing the Part The most impor tant thing is to dress comfortably We re not here to tell you what you know April 1985 what feels go
49. drive controller In addition one of the four remaining slots must be used for a display adapter Access to the expan sion slots is gained by removing a 14 x 5 5 panel held in place by a single screw The boards inside are mounted horizontally and can be reached easily All in all installing an expansion board in the PC Model 4 is easier and more Continued on page 82 Specifications Product NCR PC Model 4 Mfr NCR Corporation Day on OH 45479 513 445 2075 Price 2825 Features 8088 CPU 128K bytes of RAM expandable to 640k dual 360K half height floppy disk drives internal hard disk available mono chrome monitor cclor avail able ports serial and parallel Computers amp Electronics Diskettes Sided Double Density Soft Sectored h diskettes For as long as anyone can remember the world has trusted Kodak film to capture its memories Now the world can trust legendary Kodak quality to capture its computer data Introducing Kodak diskettes And the beginning of a new legend We know you expect nothing less than extraordinary performance from a Kodak product We didn t dis appoint you These remarkable new diskettes are so thoroughly tested they re certified error free Every Kodak diskette has a highly bur nished head surface for optimum read write accuracy And every standard disk amp ette is made to withstand 4 million passes before significant wear occurs
50. environment for example exclusive read write ac cess or read write access for one user combined with read only access for others During the course of my review I had two PCs running on the DisCache with no decrease in speed and no problems at all While not everyone will need the multi user feature those who can benefit by it will find the increased job through put to be a big bonus and the cost per workstation is very justifiable with DisCache Connecting several computers is sim ple If each has an interface board in stalled they can be connected in a daisy chain Note A jumper on the interface Continued on page 84 CONTROL LIGHTS AND APPLIANCES 24 HOURS A DAY AUTOMATICALLY Program the Household your home look and sound lived in Get the Appliance Light Control Controller Using Your day and night e 26 3142 99 95 at Radio hack today and computerize Color Computer 2 Simply connect the Controller to veur Orla ier ire ave escu your Color Computer and enter the Our Appliance Light Controller is desired times and events Discon convenience and energy Savings an incredible device that makes nect the Controller and your com your life easier It can wake you toa puter is free to use as you wish n e Sh K TV or stereo brew your coffee in Then connect lamps and appli d IO ae the morning pre cool a room in the ances to Plug n Power modules The Technology Store afternoon start dinner
51. etc PC XT PGjr Price 1950 1995 1999 995 1500 695 2595 1895 3044 1350 1995 2399 1995 1270 4295 3995 3135 2990 1495 1299 3495 2195 1495 3095 2505 7499 2795 2295 aros 715 2799 1995 2295 1295 295 794 1695 949 825 2095 7995 3495 1995 1950 955 1895 Fixed or Internal Access External Remov or Time Size in or Tape External msec Internal Special Features F p F F F H R n F R nem n TEA T M 0 R R TI n m i 79 mim mim mo mam mm mom mom m Wm m um m S m Je om qu m JH m 73 70 85 90 El TOS 30 50 17 3 90 45 35 85 35 90 40 N A 85 45 L5 85 N A 85 70 85 30 Tt 85 83 70 72 75 68 75 65 105 80 80 85 80 30 S 1 100 85 99 Type 5x15x12 Half 4x15x9 5x 10x14 10x6x13 8x3x16 5x9x2 1 6x20x19 7x7x22 5x14x14 6x10x14 8x9x22 14x5x12 5x12x12 15x16x6 6x11x16 5x14x14 4x7x14 14x6x13 8x8x12 15x6x13 6x11x16 Half 3x15x20 8x5x17 6x15x15 5x14x16 9x16x5 10x6x2 Half Half Full Full 5x9x12 Half Half Half Half Half 5x8x16 12x11x21 5x19x11 12x7x16 5x15x12 2x7x11 11x14x3 Auto head park after 7 sec inactivity Memory management software for full memory access Multiple volumes and operating systems possible 30 day trial period ROM software for password protection backup Menu install software 4 op sys simultaneously Removable 8 floppy cartridge 514 floppy cart
52. f casz4 24 pm solder te 28 2 50 4 00 83 154 1317 1097 154 1313 109 40 4006 23 ae Nun um LM79L 05ACZ 1 38 40288 108 AA 089298 2B pin solve tal 32 30 27 00 0 T 21 3 400 LM79L12ACZ 38 For large quantrues and prices as jow as 9 25 M contact f C8S40 40 pin solder tai 6 22 10 21 71 1348 14 LM320MP amp 1 79 ogi isacz 1 38 20299 188 pci Kev 5 WD SEE o A PADOB 4 t LMG20MP 12 2 61 4030A E GOLD INLAY SOLDER TAIL 10 mheroimnea Qoid 1 0 5 00 665 17 PaDos 56 500 cmazome 15 261 J MU3080N 2 85 038 an Eo n 00 24 200 1665 9 z LM 3600N 1 60 6 Carbon Film Resistors 220 29 246 2048 23 P40 59 p 500 be 54 7 LMAZOMP 24 1 79 ucxocN 4 13 403AR 438 iis Pert s Description 10 100 33 718 2315 24 P4011 82 pf 500 B4 23 i J M322N 2 04 sions 100 40358 225 C9808 B pin solde rail gald 34 3 20 30 00 72 1 P4100 500 54 1g 2 50 LM323K 8 94 x ag 20508 1 C98 4 1i pn solder tail gold 44 420 30 00 5 41 Patt 50 40 22 a 270 0 LMIDAN C1 ries P s0s1a 175 C816 16 pn sokler ail god 50 370 2600 500 40 a 2 EM ZEE LM325N a SAT AN7807 0 30428 120 a 18 pun solder tall goki 5 40 52 00 ee P410 500 543 40 72 68 3 336 28 00 Mese 4 5 A N7a0 amp 90 40436 125 C9820 20 pi amp okder tail gotd 63 590 3 00 54 1 P4105 500 5 43 o 2 10 305 75 one HU AN7809 go 9448 125 C9822 22 pin solder tail gold 70 60 64 00 3106 san 43 40 72 15 10 4250 AN7810 90 20468 198 C9824 2 pin solder tail gor 76 20 7D 00 P4107 500 6 JO 4750 42750 is
53. going to see more internal hard disks and with that move the next trend is going to be the net work predicts Larry Epstein whose consulting business has installed hun dreds of micro network systems The major deterrent to network expansion now he believes is software designed only for a single user But by the end of 1985 most software packages will come Continued on page 83 BY MARTIN PORTER holes to record digital information According to Art Connor marketing and sales director at ISI the write once limit permits numerous computer appli cations Instead of threatening the pre dominance of the Winchester write once optical disk technology may fill a convenient and complementary niche I don t think nonerasable media will replace the Winchester But since it is nonerasable it could be used to create a master copy to distribute software throughout a company It could work well for shared databases or for leaving audit trails where erasable media can cause serious problems In fact because it s nonerasable it may even someday saddle up as the Win chester s partner One of the things I can see in the future is a computer user having both a Winchester drive and a write once optical disk drive explains oe EE AER AAA A AAA A cll iie Rothchild I can t think of a better way to back up a Winchester than with an op tical drive of this type However cost is still a majo
54. handle on storage require ments answer the following questions For General Ledger How many ac counts are there on your chart How many journal entries do you have to make to the general ledger per account ing period How long would you like to retain all the detail of the journal entries after closing out the accounting period for which they were entered Will your financial reports require the online stor age of historical data and for how far back How many recurring journal en tries do you have per accounting period For Accounts Receivable How many invoices do you send out per month How many customers do you have How many finance charges and discounts do you record per month If you are auto mating point of sale or order entry how many sales or orders do you process per month What is the average number of payments each customer takes to pay off a bill Are you keeping long term his torical data on each customer For Accounts Payable How many vendors do you expect to have How many invoices do you process per month What is the average number of payments you make per invoice For Payroll How many employees work for your business for any timeat all during the course of a year How many Continued on page 76 1 67 much disk capacity you will require Usually even for small businesses at Speeay quiet alternatives to impact printers BY ROGER SNYDER RINTERS slow down
55. he slike having an uncle in the computer business but sooner or later he ll turn into Uncle Know It All and get over bearing and technical on you Personally we prefer an author more like you and me somebody who s only a week or two ahead and won t try to put on airs Look for tip offs like Till last week the nearest Pd even been to a com puter was the one that sent me my K Mart statement every month After all you don t just want an author who re spects you as a person you want one who has to Buzzwords A lot of people think there s too much jargon in the computer world but frankly we don t think there s enough Buzzwords are part of the magic of computing What s the point if you can t dazzle your friends When we first got into computers we asked the used car salesman how many K that Ambassador was going to set us back and boy was he confused Anyway you want something with lots of them Look for things like ergo nomics or footprint windowing software integration or transpar ent to make sure you re getting your money s worth But watch out if you happen to come across Numatrons core memories or nixie tubes Same for chapter titles Cute ones are fine can t have too many of things like Bits Bytes and Bottoms Up But if you see anything like Punch Cards or Magnetic Tape The Eternal Question Keeping Memor
56. high costs of admission To believe that real innovation is for ever dead however is to underestimate the inventiveness and the entrepreneur ial spirit of contemporary America Cer tainly it is true that developing hard ware is becoming almost prohibitively expensive It costs millions to design a chip more millions to market it It takes hundreds of thousands of workhours to write a major software package and hun dreds of thousands of dollars to sell and distribute it But there are still dreamers and innovators out there as well as an army of soon to be graduated computer science majors who have the intellectual tools and training to make major ad vances in personal computing And there 1s something else that has always been a powerful incentive the profit motive If The Graduate were filmed today instead of the late 1960s the one word which Dustin Hoffman would have had whispered in his ear as the key to the fu ture would not be plastics but comput ers A lot of graduates are out there listening o PHOTO BY DONNA DAY WILLIAM S DAVID Publisher PETER COSTA Executive Editor JOHN R RIGGS Managing Editor ROBERT LASCARO Art Director JOSEPH DESPOSITO Technical Editor TOM BADGETT Technical Editor JOSEF BERNARD Technical Editor PAUL BONNER Technical Editor CHARLES A MILLER Staff Editor NORA GEORGAS Staff Editor DANIEL GLADSTONE Senior Copy Editor AMY MADWED Assistant Art Director ANDRE DUZANT Technical
57. income from your computer 300 1000 Sed S month SEND OR CALLFOR DETAIL RE OOOOQ UL MAXIMUM PROTECTION 9000 AMPS Surge Protection with 3 banks of 2 individually EMI RFI filtered sockets 15 amp Circuit breaker on oft switch with indicator DE310 39 95 Same as above but only 1 filter DE306 29 95 MAXIMUM SAVINGS BUILD YOUR OWN 68000 BOARD SET 512 KB MMU 78 00 Z80 BOARD SET DISC UF 78 00 PARRALLEL SWITCHER 24 LINES SWITCHED 3 POSITION FREE CATALOG DIGATEK CORPORATION SUITE 7 2723 WEST BUTLER DR PHOENIX AZ 85021 602 995 8371 Pelo tit rte a a COMPU PUTER TSHIRTS FOR HOME SCHOOL AND OFFICE The ULTIMATE Sottware A MUST tor all computer lovers BRIGHT GREEN t CDILETTERS CUSTOM SK KSCAEENED ON 50 50 BL END HIGH TECH DESIGN Frve popular styles to chooes trom Order Today Only 8 95 ppd Made in U S A Semply select Shirts and Coors below LETS SEER PEER amp PORE iat Wrue a1 Pink o Blue ag TAKE A BYTE OUT OF ME 182 Greer sa Grey 5 Reg 06 M USER FRIENDLY ia Bieca a7 MAPPINESS i5 4 PROGRAM THAT WORKS a Ma P COMPUTERS ius iZES S M L XI COMPUTER NOVELTY CORF ja a PO BOX 2964 a E FREEPORT TEXAS 77541 328 En tose 8 95 ppc ra h TX Res 6 lar AOORESS GITY STATE ZP s TIIIITTIIT eTeTeTeTeTeTeIToTo TeTeTeTeTeTeToToTe 2000000000000 Eagle PC 2 e Dual 360K D
58. instead of two and with the power drain of the oth er add ons you may experience prob lems simply because the power supply is being asked to provide more than it was designed to Quadram and others get around this problem by including an ex ternal power supply with internally mounted disks You also should consider Stress tolerance The hard drives of a few years ago were intolerant of physical abuse Before moving the computer you had to remove the hard drive and lock the spin dle and heads with a metal bracket De Signs are better now with manufacturers quoting stress tolerance from 10 to 40 g In other words the drive is supposed to function even after it is hit hard enough to subject it to the gravitational force it would have at up to 40 times its weight g stands for gravities a single g is the downward force an object has at the Earth s surface These figures can mislead While a Winchester disk is operating the heads ride on a rigid air bearing formed by the high speed disk rotation The possibility of external forces causing head or media damage is fairly remote in this configu ration While the disk is slowing down or coming up to speed however the air bearing may not be fully formed and the chance of causing the head to slap down against the disk is greater When the platters stop turning most drives rest the read write heads on the disk surface In this state there is n
59. it is to choose drive When you add up all the factors you can prove pretty conclusively that the darn things simply won t work quips Herb Ragle vice president for en gineering at Lapine Technologies a Cal ifornia drive manufacturer But a bum blebee flies and the disk drives do work Some just work better than others The place to start however is decid SES T ID FIELD o HEADER m V 2 BYTE P DATA FIELD HEADER ID AREA PHYSICAL SECTOR ADDRESS PLUS CYLINDER AND HEAD INFORMATION Spindle motor that rotates disks is mounted into the base casting ing how large a drive to buy For a rough estimate of the proper disk size add up the storage requirements of all the soft ware you want to keep on the drive and try to make a sensible estimate of the amount of space you ll need for the data files associated with them Add the amount you calculate for future expan sion then double the total Experience has shown that such a figure should give you just about enough space for a rea sonable time if you re willing to take off unnecessary programs and data periodi cally Your storage needs will expand to fill the available space Another important consideration for selecting a hard disk system is tolerance to temperature variation There may be six to ten different materials in the head position linkage for example each with a different temperature coefficient Dur ing product design engineers mu
60. mode The Smart System has other notable features One of the most powerful is the calculator which can be invoked by se lecting G CALCULATOR on command list 5 in any of the applications The calcula tor can be operated as either a formula calculator an algebraic calculator or a Reverse Polish Notation RPN calcula tor The calculator has four storage reg isters and ten variables accessible by the user In addition it can do octal or hexa decimal figuring as well as decimal It s also a programmable calculator with the usual arithmetic functions I found it very convenient to be able to use my PC as a calculator without losing other work I was doing The Smart System provides a power ful capability for creating editing and saving macros ny key except ESC CTRL and F10 either alone or in combi nation with the ALT CTRL Or SHIFT keys can be assigned a macro name Continued on page 85 Computers amp Electronics GORCERERS SEES ERS NTASIES AND ADVENTURES Creative Computing Press Dept FNAF 39 East Hanover Ave Morris Plains NJ 07950 lease send me copies of Sorcerers amp Soldiers at 9 95 plus 2 00 postage and handling 5 00 outside USA each 79 8 Paymentenclosed Residents of CA NJ and NY State add applicable sales tax Charge my _ American Express Visa MasterCard Card No A 0 tee ny Mr Mrs Ms please print full name Address
61. name Si ELM SI of your nearest supplier ue ERP ap 9 z Disk m a Contact BASF for warranty details Circle No 33 on Free Information Card ENTER TOMORRO 1983 BASF Systems Corp Bedford MA Savvy PC Continued from page 32 This flexibility extends to Savvy s disk based filing system where each record in a file can contain up to 254 nontyped items of variable length Therefore a user can easily define files and move information between the memory based items and files without worrying about type mismatches or truncations a common problem in many other products Programming The conversational mode can be very powerful but Savvy begins to come into its own when the user enters the pro gramming mode This mode is used to create what Savvy calls tasks and functions new procedures made out of existing ones that are then added to Savvy s vocabulary of key words Here again Savvy makes it very easy for the user giving the same type of prompting help in its programming editor that is available in the conversational mode A Savvy task is simply a set of Sav vy statements given a name of its own A function is a special kind of task that allows up to nine operands to be passed from the keyboard or another task Sav vy uses a threaded interpretive structure like the Forth and LOGO languages to add new tasks to its vocabulary quickly and efficient
62. other hand design and manufacturer the whole package When comparing sub system prices consider any extra fea tures that may be included with the con troller such as serial ports or system memory Also be aware of potential limitations built into the ST 506 interface and the way designers implement it The ST 506 interface will support drives of 10M or 20M bytes or larger Most controllers will handle two to four drives But make sure the company you re buying from supports add on drives in case your stor 50 age needs change And there s still the problem of backup Even though you can store 10M bytes of information in one place you still have to keep backup copies With the right utility software you can do it fairly conveniently with floppies but you ll still end up with 30 backup disks 60 disks if you follow rec ommended procedure and backup two deep If handling that many floppies for backup proves inconvenient you may have to consider tape or another backup subsystem That can more than double the cost of your hard drive installation The current wholesale price on the av erage 10M byte drive is 300 400 and the computer controller should sell for another 100 150 or so Because of the ST 506 interface standard and pressure within the industry to conform to infor mal standards of drive performance drives from reputable companies may be fairly similar Look especially carefully at any IOM b
63. pro grams after the communications proto col and plotter control instructions have been processed by the computer it may be necessary to run the program from the beginning to reestablish proper com munications Be sure to keep this in mind when trying this and the following programs Referring back to Listing 1 you see the smooth letter S is drawn by the HPGL string in line 60 PD AR3 0 270 AR0 3 270 PU PD pen down places the pen down on the paper The first AR arc relative then draws a 270 degree arc centered at the x y coordinates that follow 3 0 The second AR then draws another 270 de gree arc centered at the second pair of x y coordinates 0 3 After the second arc 18 drawn PU pen up removes the pen from the paper Line 80 moves the pen to a new loca tion relative to the end point of the sec ond arc in line 60 and line 90 then draws a standard letter S The size SI of the standard S is made equal to that of the smooth letter S 3 8 x 7 6 centime ters Finally pen 100 returns the pen to its stall 12 Fig 2 Example of custom outlined characters formed by the program in Listing 2 pp LISTING 2 TYPICAL Elus EE 4 oo COR ONY S 1985 OY FORREST M i IMS MI 50 MODEL o0 HIP74705 PINETE 9n COM ON hase COM ANDA FOR OUTPUT AS 1 55 INPUT MAXIMUM X SCALE XX JO INPUT LT MUM Y SCALE SAY 25 PRINT 21 SCO XX 0 YY 0 LUST 90 ASSIGNS START LOC
64. puc Fi 748 CMUS apnea god 79 7S rU ante A l 3 om Hour oP DB 1 5 4048B s 5 92 1 q EM ANIS n E E C9840 40 pan solder tail pola 112 9 97 0o P4109 500 9 68 27 1950 16250 1462 50 M32 25 138 ANTE sol 30608 63 WIRE WRAP i oe E 20 ee M3362 50 1 304 AN7824 90 t P4 o 50 amp 86 M un EM MM LMXEK 7 43 40678 150 DIP SOCKETS m AME SD ia 3 M 19 25 05 LM37MP 165 Memory 038 13 Standard profile 6 SS ae 509 00 37 16 39 36 28 00 25200 LM337T 261 40608 175 Universal mounting and 9 1800 500 B t ag 90 3250 29250 LM33 K 10 04 Pert Price f 40668 78 packaging capabilities 1 gt 52 P420 500 100 58 51 31 14475 39875 LMIION 96 MYZICZAN aL 1 82 40694 50 Contacts eccommodate 5 1340 3 2200 100 68 B5 3875 438 1M3GaoKC 5 309 MM2114N_ 338 40708 50 z 018 through 021 rac gt 1g 1 09 17 AA 3300 100 58 5 P LMGAOKC 12 303 MM2114N 3L 363 00718 50 5 Carbon Film Resistor Values in Ohma or roug dust Ene leads dc 254 ist uires 4700 pt 10 58 s 5 29 35 3 cm LM340KC 15 303 40735 50 Wire wrap posts held to true position of 015 pro 1 25 e 54 n 3 08 6400 100 00 AF 16 276 2370 19750 1777 50 LM340T 5 123 40758 Soh 10 82 T 68K 62Kk 560K viding a true position of 020 on boards for aHi f ig ie ee M a 3 ue 56 Am 5 Xj 2580 20250 LM340T 12 124 1 10 91 820 7 5K sen 620K cieni automatic wire wrappng 5 25 22 183 1522 4 Y 91 3 22 E 2 94 24 56 220 6 76B 190 52 11 00 910 2K YOUR CHOICE TIN OR GOLD
65. regularly The print er comes with a confusing array of bot tles syringes and liquids for preparation and maintenance Average print speed ts about 10 cps Indeed Tektronix markets its own version of the Sharp mechanism but calls the device a copier instead of a printer because it is designed to copy computer screen graphics The printer does not perform well as a text printer According to Ann Lutz Xerox Print ing Systems analyst the 1770 can pro duce up to 1000 shades This of course depends largely on the limits of the host computer but the capability is there She added the printer can also handle halftones with five levels of gray The 1770 also has the ability to mix al phanumeric and graphics on the same line with a resolution of 120 dots inch 1024 x 1024 per page Canon s does 640 dots line In its second printing Ink droplets are forced from printer nozzles in elongated spurts that form spheres before striking paper PAPER NOZZLE VAPORIZED INK BUBBLE INK FROM RESERVOIR Detailed view of the Xerox type of ink nozzle PRESSURE CHAMBER PLATE BASE PLATE PRESSURE CHAMBER PIEZO VIBRATOR A DIAPHRAGM i e e a S mode bit mapped color the 1770 can translate any screen image into hard copy Ginger Finnegan Xerox Product Marketing specialist says the 1770 has a wide variety of support It can operate from Lotus 1 2 3 Color
66. selling for 600 and its prom ise to set a 50 limit on software it sells in 1985 Atari will have to move tremen dous quantities to reach that sales goal Software producers and a few select 20 others have seen Commodore s newest 16 bit machine Most proclaim it excel lent expecially the color graphics It ap parently is a Z8000 based unit that uses a UNIX based operating system and will sell for under 1000 Predictions are that IBM will ship 200 000 PC ATs this year up from an es timated 40 000 last year A laser printer for the Mac seems to be coming from Apple Although it will use the same print mechanism as the Hewlett Packard LaserJet printer which has been out for almost a year its very high degree of intelligence will make it twice as expensive as the HP unit We hear that 3M will introduce an erasable laser disk that can store SOOM bytes However it will probably be in compatible with the read only compact disk units beginning to appear from Japan British Telecom England s public telephone company wants to follow in AT amp T s footsteps and go private to en ter the computer and office automation markets BT generated profits of 1 bil lion on sales of 10 billion last year for the British government The govern ment has sold 51 of the stock in the company for about 6 billion And the Japanese government is also pushing leg islation to sell off its major holding in the Nippon Telegrap
67. such a system be sure that it allows you to record hand written invoices too Printing by Zip Code Another feature that may help you cope with numerous invoices and statements is a system s ability to print documents in zip code or der so that you can use bulk mail post age rates If you plan to do other mass mailings you should look for a system that also prints customer mailing labels Late Charges If you impose a late charge on overdue balances you need software that at least allows you to enter such charges as extra debits More so phisticated systems calculate the charges for you You should be able to alter the late charge rate as well as the definition in days of overdue You also must be able to specify minimum and maximum late charges Be sure also that the system allows you to inspect the results of its automatic late charge calculations so that you can make adjustments easily You should be able to rerun the calculations entirely if they are interrupted by a system failure or if you need to change the rate or the overdue definition Discounts If you allow cash discounts to customers who pay their bills prompt ly your software should either allow you to calculate discounts yourself and enter them as credits or it should calculate dis counts for you If you obtain a package that calculates discounts you must be able to specify the discount rate and to define in days the period following ini tial bil
68. the Model 100 HP7470A combination the eight status switches on the back panel of the plotter should have these settings B1 0 US 1 B2 0 Y 0 B3 1 gt 1 U B4 1 S2 0 For information about the communi cation protocol for other combinations of computers and plotters see the in struction manuals for the machines For additional information about plotters and HPGL see the March 1984 install ment of The Computer Scientist in this magazine Learning to Use an x y Plotter In the same issue also see Inexpensive Plotters Finally refer to last month s installment of this column for details on how to print formatted and centered text with a plotter Creating Custom Characters There are two primary methods for creating custom characters using HPGL and similar plotter languages The first is to use plot relative instructions to draw straight lines and circle and are com mands to draw curved lines The result LISTING 1 PROGRAM FOR CREATING AND PRINTING A CUSTOM LETTER S AND A STANDARD LETTER S 10 CLS 20 MODEL 100 HP7470 PLOTTER PROTOCOL FOLLOWS 30 COM ON OPEN COM 48N2E FOR OUTPUT AS 1 40 PRINT 1 SC0 28 0 19 SP1 50 CUSTOM SMOOTH LETTER S 60 PRINT 1 PD AR3 0 270 ARO 3 270 PU 70 STANDARD STEPPED LETTER S 80 PRINT 1 PR5 9 90 PRINT 1 S13 8 7 6 LBS CHR 3 100 PRINT 1 SPO ing Characters can be enlarged or re duced in on
69. the head medium interface to forces outside their design limits A Winchester head is designed only for forward motion The front edge of the head is chamfered to provide the proper aerodynamics for fly ing take off and landing stability The sides and back edges aren t chamfered so lateral or reverse motion can cause head or media damage 4 Maintain current backups Software backup doesn t have any thing to do with keeping your hardware in shape but it can help you recover quickly from a hardware problem Most users simply won t take the time to doa complete backup regularly until they have a hardware failure and lose impor tant data By keeping data backup cur rent you can minimize the effects of hardware malfunctions 5 Pack properly any drive to be shipped If you have to ship your drive for maintenance make sure it is packed properly Even computer dealers don t always follow the correct packing proce dure for hard drives so if your dealer is handling shipping details for you make sure they are done correctly The worst keep programs and data separate and they allow you to group files according to application all the word processing files in one subdirectory or group of subdirectories for example database files in another and communications in still another By carefully using your op erating system s path facilities you can store programs in subdirectories by ap plication then creat
70. the same and you re no closer to knowing which book is for you Thats why we prefer our own next step Scoping the Spine Before you ve even touched a book you can start narrowing the field Those things facing you are called spines and you ve probably no ticed already that they re different from each other Some books have straight glue binding and some are spiral bound in shiny plastic or spiffy wire Which is right for you A glue bound book s likely to flip shut instead of lying conveniently flat next to that computer it s going to help you buy but it ll only collect half the dust of an open spiral job after the first month or two On the other 73 hand you can yank the wire out of a metal binding for emergency rewiring or lunchtime flossing Finding Your Niche Take a look at the titles on those spines remember they re backwards from the ones on the backs of your videotapes so you ve got to tip your head to the righr Micro computers for the Legal Profession Mi crocomputers for the Medical Profession Microcomputers for the Executive Profes sion Microcomputers for the Oldest Profession Now remember that 3 x 5 card you jotted your job on back home Well this is where that advanced planning pays off Take it out and compare it with what you see or if you picked the right kind of comfortable shirt you can read it right through your pocket without tak ing it out at all Does it match an
71. the IBM expansion slots and connects to the hard disk via two cables In most cases power for the drive is taken from Specifications Product Qubi PC10 Hard Disk Mfr Qubi Dept HRD 4809 Calle Alto Camarillo CA 93010 Dimensions 155 H x 534 W x 8 L Weight 3 Ib Price 699 Features 10M byte storage capacity interface board software utilities 26 the IBM s supply However if there are too many add on boardsin the computer there may not be sufficient power to run the drive You ll know this because the drive has an overload protection circuit that automatically shuts down the entire system An auxiliary power supply is available from Qubi for 88 Qubi does not actually manufacture the hard disk it is a Microscience In ternational drive The disk uses a spe cially plated media that protects the disk surface from damage should the read write heads come in contact with mag netic media The Western Digital hard disk con troller enables you to boot your comput er from the hard disk if your PC is a PC 2 model You can check to see whether it is with the Debug program by typing DFFFF 0005 L8 and pressing the enter key If the date returned by the comput er is 10 27 82 or later you have a PC 2 if not you have a PC 1 With these early PCs that do not provide for the addition of a hard disk you must either use the Qboot utility provided by Qubi or else do a ROM upgrade Software Befor
72. the command of a high speed stepper motor that can change tracks in 2 20 ms milliseconds Typically data anywhere on the disk can be accessed randomly in about 85 ms by sending the on board electronics the track and sec tor number to fetch To reduce the number of head move ments required to read all the data on a disk information usually is organized into logical cylinders If there is only one platter as is usually the case in a 10M byte drive a cylinder consists of two tracks of information one on top of the disk and one on the bottom The first cylinder is formed by track 1 on the top of the disk and track on the bottom The second cylinder 1s track 2 up and down etc When there are multiple plat ters which are positioned on top of each other the size of each cylinder grows correspondingly Information usually is read or written to a small RAM buffer inside the com puter to which the drive is attached the disk operating system or application software accesses data from this buffer At 3600 rpm it takes a 5 disk about 16 ms to make a full rotation Information is read from the disk one sector at a time but it usually takes several sectors to get all the data requested by the computer Because some time is required to process the information in each sector the sec tors usually are placed on the track out of order that is logically sequential sectors are interrupted by a fixed number of oth a maaa aaae
73. work lets the user define different types of working areas for different applica tions view them concurrently on a screen and combine them within a doc The most loosely integrated packages are composed of what are actu ally independent programs for each application word processing spread sheet data manager etc linked by a The Smart Software System from In novative Software is one of the loose in tegrators The system consists of three software packages Smart Word Pro cessor Smart Spreadsheet with Graph ics and Smart Data Manager which may be purchased individually or to gether Innovative claims that this ap proach makes its individual modules as effective as any single application prod uct yet allows the user to move easily The Smart System comes with pro gram and tutorial disks for each module a graphics disk and a systems disk The package also contains manuals for each module a useful quick reference pam phlet and a keyboard template When you start Smart up comes the main menu with graphics for the vari ous applications You select the desired one by pressing its first letter or by mov ing the cursor to highlight the choice and then pressing the ENTER key The default screen for all applications is a 19 line work area outlined by a bor der you can remove the border and gain two lines of work space if you like I liked using the borders they formed a separation between the w
74. x 5 24 200 1665 E 430 3 n 33 39 2 LMOMDT 15 124 4061B 56 3 ISK OBOK D vu rm e 25 24 200 1665 e 03 8 rs 39 1338 300 28200 LM3IPS 105 40828 eB 19 12 110 10K 9 Kk 4k 750K S0 utem oti cust ane 25 28 234 1983 173 P430 047 89 69 47 27 405 233758 30375 LM34P 12 105 40898 Si is 13 nme tik io 9K 820K TEKAS INSTRUMENTS QUALITY 25 33 278 23 190 Pa3t ul 2 1 2d GSO i SINT LMGAIP 1 1 0 40938 216 15 10 12K 11K 100 310K 20 25 a 375 NA W 34 4 x 209 22 73 LNGELP IS a Kc e ud 2E QA 309 LUN IM E Moa WHAP Mie 100 Micros tet Tun mE 2 T 54 8 is NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO NPO ANO gt oa 20 18 180 15K 13X 170K IM gum de Dao 213 ROR RA nine P4400 500 a7 13 P2062 LM346N 382 401068 95 8108 Bpi wwe wrap t 3 3400 OQ 25 84 7 8 SOBA B 706 LMMBN 138 401608 1601 22 20 10 16K 115K 130K 12M hana 14 pin wire wrap t 50 390 4800 116 99 828 00 PE we Boo 2053 ME LM349N 175 401618 1 50 24 22 200 1 BK 15h 50K 13M EIcgito 16 pin wire wrap un 57 5 60 c 00 61 13 77 7444 3 i 500 62 2954 1 22 50 MOS 7230 401628 Veoh 2 2 z 20x 18K 160K 15M icange Bio re wrap tin at i tan Aa ui pasts 22 pf 500 Ress a LMASOT 17 13 88 401628 150 3 0 27 240 22X 20K 180K 18M fca 20 pen wire wrap Tin 76 5n a a 4 2 P406 E 500 6 P205 4 i a LMIS8N 83 2 481 401718 1 33 33 30 276 2 4K 22K 200K 18M Bcaiz2 22 pin wire wrap tin B3 8 20 1 35 B 154 P4407 S nf 500 l P2058 22 50 LM3SBN 2 20 375 401758 14
75. 0 0 1 95 3 95 3 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 2 95 DISCRETE KBPO2 1N751 1N759 2N2222 PN2222 2N2905 2N2907 2N3055 2N3904 2N3906 Bridge 5 1V Zener 12V Zener 741500 741502 741503 741504 741505 741508 74LS09 7ALS11 74LS14 74LS20 741521 74LS27 741530 741532 74LS38 741542 741547 741551 741573 74LS74 741875 74LS76 741585 74LS86 74LS90 74L592 74LS93 74LS107 74LS109 74LS112 7415122 7415123 7415125 7415126 24 25 25 24 25 28 29 35 59 25 29 29 25 29 35 49 75 25 39 35 39 39 69 39 55 55 55 39 39 39 45 79 49 49 74LS00 7418157 7415158 7415161 7415163 7415164 7415165 7415169 7415173 7415174 7415191 7415193 7415194 7415195 7415221 7415240 7415241 7415242 7415243 7415244 7415251 7415257 7415258 7415260 7415266 7415273 7415279 7415280 7415283 7415290 7415293 7415299 7415323 7415365 7415367 SPECTRONICS CORPORATION EPROM ERASER PE 14 83 00 1N4004 1N4148 Z80A SiO 0 Z80B CPU 7415132 59 7415133 59 7415136 39 74LS138 55 74LS139 55 74LS148 35 7415151 55 74LS153 55 74LS154 90 7415682 7415156 69 7415688 74500 74500 32 74586 74502 35 745112 74504 35 745124 74805 35 748138 74S08 35 748157 74S10 35 748175 74S11 35 745240 74820 35 745280 74532 40 745287 74574 50 745288 7400 7400 19 7447 7402
76. 0138 63 Low pratio WRC LMIOCLN 413 20148 1 58 YOUR CHDICE TIN OR GOLD on CMIICLN 245 mock 303 42156 140 itemm V es some gold clay an poki rockera UF DC 1 w n 1 NPO TYPE waman Sol aras 30314018 5 a SN Pale vies For Completa Specs on Physical Size and Electrical LM307N TIN wr806CT 96 40178 15 N VATED SOLDER TAL ec Te 47 6 3 21 5 4 t 14 t T Charecteristico consult your FAFE DIGI KEY Catalog gt 4 9f LNGI7K BORJLMTBIZCT 96 40188 138 Part Mo Description EET wm 453 215 ES Hn no Part Price LM7B15CT 96 COB 8 pin sulje tail tin 15 0 50 A EE DARE ze EIE No Can Volt 16 100 1 000 P 2 2 5 50 29 248 20 2 159 LM317M LS UMIEBLOSACZ 55 pera l d M LOU CB914 Ya pin solder tail tr 15 1 4 12 00 200 6 n i ma 23 y 97 e 32 PADOD 10 00 48 7 C MGIBN wa CMT SAC amp 40728 158 How To Order Tale any standard resisto value CHONG 16 pin sode tai 7 60 13 009 1000 63 49 20 3500 308 2582 4002 15 f 50 Ag 48 LMGI9N 313 40238 co 12 324 800 add an X 12 32KX this is thu DIGEKEY casia 18pm solder tas 2 1 17009 BO 63 0 Ze X c uo 18 500 49 LM320LZ 5 0 1 ag eer ae 40248 EE part number Order by quantny and pace hated beso CR320 Zo wn eniger tad n 23 210 2000 3300 0i m Be 7407 92 73 Bz 44 2 500 629 48 umazorz 12 138 M79 12CT 1 38 40258 50 C3922 22 pin solder tail v 25 25 06 daoo 53 127 1087 9058 13 968 B062 pacos d LM7915CT 38 40276 D u war r aa pos bos d
77. 05856 74 983 2 110 05951 7419253 2 100 05578 7454 3 05716 05898 74LS85 2 150 05952 7418257 2 110 Specifications 05580 7460 3 05718 i 05860 74LS86 3 110 05953 74LS258 2 110 ee w a iaj Ge E m eo le LE 05584 7473 4 74 9 0 741 ccr B pg as 05866 74992 3 130 05956 74LS273 1 100 Product ZyINDEX p B 2 wot E 05868 74 993 3 130 05957 74LS279 3 115 Mfr ZyLAB Corporation 05870 74LS95 2 105 05958 7418283 2 115 z 200 Ll P 05728 05872 74 996 2 110 05959 7419290 2 120 233 E Erie St s B E 05730 2 05874 74LS107 3 130 05960 74LS293 2 130 Chicago IL 60611 pos DE D 05732 05876 7aLS107 5 190 05961 748298 2 150 UM WC NE Mm ion 145 s pu E 05734 05878 74 09 3 120 05962 7419323 1 299 rice 5tandard version EE re A 05736 05880 74LS112 3 120 05963 7419352 2 140 Professional version 295 S600 7483 05738 1 4 05882 74LS113 3 110 05964 7419353 2 140 e 05602 7485 f 05740 1 1 05884 7415114 3 10 05965 74LS365 3 129 Requirements IBM PC or compatible d i 2 05742 EE 05886 74 9122 3 105 e 741 S366 1 29 with 192 K two dou 1 5744 MEN 05888 74 9123 2 130 05967 7418367 129 05608 7490 2 05746 05890 74LS123 5 310 05968 7419367 5 200 bie sided double den 05610 7490 5 05748 05892 74 9125 3 120 05969 7418368 3 129 sity floppy disk drives 05612 791 2 05750 1 05894 74LS126 3 120 05970 7418373 1 100 05614 7492 3 05752 y 05896 7415132 2 120 05971 74LS373 5 475 or hard disk or RAM 05616 7493 3 05754 05898 74LS132 5
78. 1 you can also add other printers besides Laser Writer fo The Macintosh Office Including our stand alone ImageWriter printer you see bere as well as letter quality dasywheel printers vou don t see here j The LaserWriter printer bas its oum built in type styles and sizes and it can be shared by erervone in The Macintosh Office Right now IBM PCs can use our new Laser Writer printer Later this vear well be introducing the Appletalk card that fits into an IBM PC allowing it to trade ay formation with Macintosh and access e file servers As well as serve as a gateway between the IBM PC network and our Applelalk network The AppleLine protocol converter lets Vou talk directly to your mainframe via 3270 emulation Our entry level workstation in The Macintosh Office is naturally enough the Macintosh 128k Manufacturer s suggested retai price 1985 Apple Computer Inc Apple the Apple logo Apple talk and ImageWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc Macintosh is a trademark licensed to Apple Computer Inc Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Thinklank is a trademark of Living Videotext Inc Jazz and Lotus are trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation For an authorized Apple dealer nearest you call 800 538 9696 In Canada call 800 268 7796 or 800 268 7637 tosh
79. 179 95 Gemini dox FRICTION He 100 Cps Dechrects Epson Rx fao DOT MATRIX WAdOS cy ave niwTave 399 565 1326995 Ges TNT WRITER 49 95 Juki 6300 MESPEED m Pub PFS 77005 Serena Pore 389 35 Head ha Mo DRIVE CLEANER Hayden DA VINCI BUILDING BLOCKS 47 95 MOCPANNE fes HOM DA BLOCKS 49 95 caraco gt ei PRINTER INTERFACE 569 95 Microsoft CHART 89 95 Business gragnics MSM CHART Classic COMMODORE 64 give Chip MILLIONAIRE Brown ww firs C d amp vic 20 STOCK Sarmularmon BCA MILLIONAIRE 44 95 phe 970 D DATA eee 1717 95 Brogernund i0oER ca 334 95 d ure n t Maxell c 45 DATA CASSETTES saog Software Pub PPS FILE 5 dns storage Xx Ke Hayes MICRO IIE MODEM cd 5279 95 mn ter TYPING TUTOR 3 539 95 MPP 10 ae Aran CONNE mers 5119 95 nud Wing nc Ta apt LL TERIA 109 95 Verbatm M52 DEM a ra DOLLARS amp SENSE s opta Q5 Burgers McM D 5119 95 T 5 Mal FET FILER TDK M208 oM DISKETTES 10524 95 Mainstreet MAIN STR 5124 95 TOF ET ATA COMPUTER EE TARRE BASEBALL i gaor x T ee ame MP mae 534 95 SLE FLIGHT ATOR 39 95 pute Arp ee o 339 95 Me e Ede PADO COW SiS aree SANK STREET WRITER MAS Mog MEMO 139 95 Sauce i NAAR 3995 Mn cn 10995 EAR AE USE CONSTRUCTION 120 5 Moreno Mie a auia marron 524 95 restive ee ae MCA 44 95 o 569 95 Cr Mate NA TORK Ov ae are peripherals ad hememper tnis Is only a sampling of our stock of compu uters
80. 19 7473 7404 19 7474 7405 25 7475 7406 29 7476 7407 29 7486 7408 24 7490 7410 19 7492 7411 25 7493 7414 49 74121 7416 25 74123 7417 25 74132 7420 19 74151 7425 29 74154 75150 95 7430 19 74157 75154 95 7432 29 74164 75188 25 7438 29 74192 75189 25 7442 49 74193 Yellow 18 15 Oluf 50V 14 7805T 35 MW 7445 69 T 75 Moa nting Hardware 047uf 50V 15 7808 1 ea 100 09 ea auf 50v 18 BM 78121 35 CMOS 4001 25 4069 47uf 50V 25 7815T 35 DISPLAYS 7805K 39 4011 AU 4076 MAZ CA 3 99 ELECTROLYTIC 4013 38 4071 7812K 39 78HO05K 9 95 4015 39 4081 MAN74 CC 3 399 RADIAL 78L05 69 4016 39 4093 FND357CC 375 125 BM 1uf 25V 14 4017 69 14411 FNDS 0CC 5 1 49 47 uf 35V 18 78112 69 7905T 85 FND5 7 CA 5 1 49 470uf 25V 30 mer Ze MM 2200uf 16V 60 E 7912T 85 79105 79 4027 4520 AXIAL 79L12 79 4040 4553 50V T TO 220 k TO 3 4042 4584 16V 4046 74C00 Mrs Specs Logic 47ut SOV L TO 92 Memory HMPU s amp more 220uf 25V EAT SI N KS 4050 74C74 COMPUTER GRADE TO 3 STYLE 95 4051 74C925 800 pcs 14 95 M aaooout 30v 3 95 TO 220 STYLE 35 4066 74C926 7415368 7415373 74LS374 74L5377 7418390 7418393 7415640 7415670 76488 5 95 9 chip capacity AY3 8910 12 95 LINEAR TLO84 LM301 LM307 LM311 LM317T LM319 LM324 LM339 LF351 LM353 LF358 LM380 LM386 LM393 TL497 NE555 NE558 NE564 LM565 LM566 LM567 NE592 LM723 LM741 LM1303 MC1408L8 LM1458 LM1488 LM1489 XR220
81. 2 29492 22 pia wua wrap gota 29 2 50 1 54 X ip gt LM38AN 3 215 age cabal dal a e for Wire Gg C9124 24pm exe wrap gos 139 1380 50 E 54 179 METALIZA D 27 50 e 1 a x Era LM3S9N 1 B4 70 X WATT f CARBON FILM RESISTOR ASSORTMENT C9123 78 po wire wrap got 169 1686 22 50 18 15 porristas 12074 0 amp 3 540 4500 405 LM390N 275 2260 RS1ZS Seachot 73 values m the seres 1 0 12 06 90 40 xn wire wep yod 229 2280 3 50 18 15 ES P2 2 50 4 epe ud LM3S1N6D 151 2 25 15 18 2 2 etc ta 1M ohm of ihe wW F E a PX 3 50 5850 52650 1M39 NBO 179 209 5 resistor tor n tota of 366 pieces 7 so 28 ONLY 20 3 50 U t 97275 65475 LM392N 99 33 n5225 5eechot72 values m tha senes 1 1 1 3 0000 a3 5 32 epe i nia 12 70 1327 50 ture DENM run le 5 XIV 54 j Y eseator 8 a D bs PAMASON S QUAL y des 220 50 61 5 LM396T 275 35 pieces ix 0 6 14 DIGI KEY Workng Pek GF Pak DI Pau Bi Pak OF LM396K 9 63 vag 4 WATT V CARBON FILM RESISTOR ASSORTMENT an 50 92 55 Peri Mo Velage f 15 00 1000 LMI 25 199 5150 5each of 73 values in Ihe seres 0 12 99 90 1000 50 125 10 2 Er toa 99 ue en D 1 5 1 8 22 etc 10 1M ohm of the 4 W D Pa 3 E1124 00 3 158 aici KEN LMS65CN 2 4B A D amp D A 3 resistar for a total of 355 peces y B NUM Da 3 E 0 26 Peri Mo en NT 07m 100 Part Puce PAS280 5S each of 72 values in tha senes 1 5 13 99 90 E A E1184 00 g 86 LMS66CN 248 18 20 24 etc to SIOK ohm of Ihe Bx eee 3 E122 100 2 68 20037
82. 22 369 3444 t4564 400 58 y 314 781 atch Type Connectors 3 AMP SILICON RECTIFIER ES 23 25 80 C12 425 4040 C225 618 5288 esses 40 td 12 7 doa TE 28 6 C128 4 7 41 72 r4p24 400 326 96 Recep t 105 400 10 0 B62 3 Dig Kay Sa ol tacle E 12 400 i 2 66 945 00 Parl Ne Ping ae Plug Mounting Descliption Price E415 aa 1 56 016 AC E41H 4x 1B 550 N 422b 400 2 76 52 551 72 1 E INS400 3 Amp SOPIV Piasuc 28 256 2280 19950 4 1 E 1N5401 3 Amp TOO IV Plastic 30 2 70 24 00 210 00 bch lg CAT NO 8 185402 3 Amp 200P V Plastic 31 283 2520 220 50 3050P Kit 3 42 1N5404 3 Amp 400PIY Plague 33 2 97 26 40 23100 ONLY E 4 o quem 1N5406 3 Amp G00PIV Plastic 36 1 15 2800 24500 pastes 185407 3 Amp BOOP V Piane 40 360 3200 28000 ix ASSORTMENT OF 14 14 MOUNTING HARDWARE AVAILABLE so MO 1000 KI POPU A And UV PULAR MINI Yt 514 95 POR EAFRCIT NR SEPARATELY 1N5408 3 Amp 1000PtV Plastic Th hep volum d Me Tee alg UL ay be combiied for o volume discount Hems that are not discountable are identified by the SERVICE CHARGES VOLUME DISCOUNT His NE tolkowing gt t intoble items and apply the appropriate discount To this subtotal add the non discountable items Then add TI epa 3 SE the US A Canadu ond Mencd when check jor money order accompanies order E roe d oi NI Ad 1299 4 100 00 5249 99 Less WHEN ORDERING BY PHUNE CALL 3 AQU 44334539 AKR HI call 218 681 6674 By mad send your order to DIGI KEY 701 Brooks Ave South T
83. 250 z P6527 E 3 E 208 LM2917N 344 125 2h a 8 90 172 25940 80 C640 860 Baio C540 630 6170 Temperature Coefficlent 5c c 290 194 LM29174 8 330 90 4203 23 71750 a3 286 C643 930 5020 C543 680 6560 Standard Capacrty Tolerance 2 754 1 SH amp P6528 ee 2 x 89 2NAAYO A 247 508 4a 98 C649 1080 10480 549 780 ao Dissipatron Factor Mas 250 P6529 LM3046 143 2N508 24 9 186 OOH 50100 C650 3 90 Insulation Resistance 12 C 1000M92 184 1 TNS an 06 220 00 g ulii DA Volaga Coett DC 20 7 i 23 OG mp Kev MERI oliaga Coetficrant 250 200 4 P553 4116 200 nsec 16 38421 D Ram re 23 18 90 173 25 Aging Rate gig E2273 25D 1 a 2Mf 157 6 5 H4 SERIES 125 x 250 Electrodes Met E7334 250 3 318 A Prime Perte A Low As 1 346 Each S2PUDIA EDGEBOARD CONNECTORS Laad Spacing 200 3X 23 uu S amp se a AMP CHAMP a PESO S2PLNO 45 P OUNG e Sol Hoatng 7474 zd 4 3 68 5 A ne 92PU4bA RETE 1 WVde 2564 2 56 402 5 Pert No 1 R 121 612 1004 SOPUBIA Camas to we Pip 1 folder Tal ul m 2684 250 68 4 43 1 CONNECTORS A 4116N ND 45 12 5712 21500 80640 129775 MJA 7 1920 C410 435 4220 C310 2 2840 mas w gt gt 000 E2824 250 82 A 34 370 12 E 5290N ND 15 12 52 12 21500 80640 139775 vot172 62 bo es ES ie 525 24 18 0 3240 CA 290 i a j j a c418 50 5330 C318 3 0 3590 p MEE 236 A Kay a et verlo Price Each 189 urs 168 1575 1365 Ses EA de 20 40 C4 20 590 5710 C320 395 38K p d m ai we 34B 67 Fart No Pins ar Plug Mounting Description Pric
84. 5 35 23 30 27K 24K Ok 20M ficam 2a pen wire wrap tin I Bx 21 17 P4408 37 p 50 1 BA P2063 50 LM376N 77 2 63 40928 200 39 39 330 30K IIK 24X 22M c88 290nwwewap tin 104 1030 35 24 200 pasoa S6 500 es 53 52000 3187 LM37N 330 248 401938 200 43 3 360 33 30K 270K 24M go 40 i a A a 35 28 234 pao 885 30 155 a P2061 105 75 pin wire weap NA 14 390 35 9 278 ae P2062 y 450 3 50 LM378N 4 26 3751401956 inl a 43 390 38K 33K 30K 27M 100 A RE ted 82 pt 500 96 P2063 7 180 40 M380N 138 2 53 45036 SEGA Y Se 2R De 299 900 L eS We WHAT MS r icome ges 290 Miu pu g gt MU mao LM380N 6 138 7 50 45108 170 56 51 470 4 3K 39K 360K 33M Pat No Deecaption 1 15 mo 3 4 B5 Seo Tha DIG KEY Catalog For P2065 5 3 00 00 675 LM38YN 289 z sof 95118 158 62 5B 610 4 7K 43K 39K 36m 03108 B pm wore wrap gold 59 5 80 57 00 5 Low OEM Pricas On Ows Capacitors P2066 j 8 1530 00 1 M382N 2 M az 5 133 68 6z 6560 51x 47K 430k 39M C9 14pnwrewap goid 79 7 B 8 P2067 50 5o 202 50 LMIBIAT 371 15 365 75 8B 620 56K 5iK 47K 43M C9 76 16 pin ware wrap gold B5 B8 E o P2068 5 0 25 202 50 LM3BAN 2 75 438 3 65 82 75 ano 6 2K 56K 570 37m 109118 18 pin wire weap nokt 99 9 BO 1700 zi 561 22 s I 22 2 202 a LM3BSN 1 141 9120 20 pin werewrap yold 119 11 FFT ies A 202 LAN gt 7 n When ordenng indwduel resmtors plsca a Q atier tho bt gt cl o Lie 129 n pe y 47 50 i8 154 NEW KIT 720 1 50 39 3
85. 5 800 323 6836 312 884 7272 12 interface Inc 21101 Osborne St Canoga Pk CA 91304 818 341 7914 Interphase Corp 2925 Merrell Rd Dallas TX 75229 214 350 9000 lomega Corp 1821 W 4000 S Roy UT 84067 800 556 1234 801 773 9452 Kammerman Labs 8054 S W Nimbus Bldg 6 Beaverton OR 97005 503 626 6877 800 522 2237 Legacy Technologies Ltd 4817 N 56th St Lincoln NE 68504 April 1985 or a combination of those 800 228 7257 402 466 8108 Maynard Electronics 400 Semoran Blvd Casselberry FL 32707 305 331 6402 Mercury Megabank Corp 311 W Superior St Chicago IL 60610 800 551 7666 312 951 0616 Micro Design International 6586 University Blvd Winter Park IL 32792 305 677 8333 Microcode Corp 45277 Fremont Blvd 4 Fremont CA 94538 415 657 4411 MNC International 2817 Anthony Lane S Minneapolis MN 55418 612 788 1099 Mountain Computer 300 El Pueblo Scotts Valley CA 95066 408 438 6650 408 438 4933 North Atlantic Quantex 60 Plant Ave Hauppauge NY 11788 800 645 5292 516 582 6060 Pacific Datanet Ltd 4801 Patrick Henry Dr Santa Clara CA 95054 408 980 0693 Peachtree Peripherals 3020 Business Pk Dr Norcross GA 30071 404 662 5158 Percom Data 11220 Pagemill Rd Dallas TX 75243 800 527 1222 214 340 5800 Quadram 4355 International Bivd tional features for each subsystem Norcross GA 30093 404 923 6666 Quark Peripherals 2525 W Evans Denver CO
86. 5 Grantham College of Engineering 85 8 Hayes Microcomputer 35 26 27 Heath C6 noc ce oven 39 41 IBM Corporation 2 3 12 INMAC conse o 05e enn een 82 21 Jameco Electronics 88 22 JDR Microdevices 87 23 J amp R Music World 83 20 Leading Edge C 4 4 Microstuf Inc C 3 67 ING Pete ME C 2 NRI Schools 19 38 39 40 Protecto 9 10 11 Radio Shack 41 Scottsdale Systems 81 Computers amp Electronics international Connections With the industry s most popular data communications program the world is at your command An import export office in New Jersey can instant y check the London market for current dollar exchange rates send Horg Kong an updated production schedule print out the week s sa es results from the Dallas branch There s virtually no limit to how far you can reach with your microcom outer ordinary telephone lines and CROSSTALK Even if your own business and personal neecs are closer to home you ll appreciate CROSSTALK s compatibility with a wide tsar base smart terminal characteristics total modem contre and he ability to capture data at a high speed for later off line editing CROSSTALK has extras you may not find in other programs Data capture to mernory buffer and on line display Protocol error checking file transfer Modem telephone hangup and display
87. 5 X COM STAR PLUS Business Printer 319 00 Has all the features of the 10 COM STAR PLUS PRINTER plus 15 carriage and more powerful electronics components to handle large ledger business forms Better than Epson FX 100 List 599 Sale 319 00 Superior Quality 1515 COM STAR PLUS H S High Speed 160 180 CPS Business Printer 449 00 1519 Carriage and more powerful electronic components to handle larger ledger business forms Serial Centronics Parallel Interface List 799 Sale 449 12 DAISY WHEEL PRINTER 249 00 JUKI Superb letter quality daisy wheel printer 12 extra large carriage up to 12CPS bi directional printing drop in cassette ribbon 90 day warranty centronics parallel or R5232 serial port built in Specify List 399 00 Sale 249 00 The Most Important Accesso e 40 46 66 80 96 132 Characters Per Line Spacing e Print Labels Letters Graphs and Tables e Print Out Data from Modem Services e List Your Programs for Your Computer Superior Quality 10 COM STAR H S HIGH SPEED 160 180 CPS Business Printer 349 00 This Super High Speed Com Star Business Printer has all the features of the 10 COM STAR PRINTER with HIGH SPEED BUSINESS PRINTING 160 180 CPS 100 duty cycle 8K Buffer diverse character fonts Special symbols and true decenders vertical and horizontal tabs A RED HOT BUSINESS PRINTER at an unbelievable low price Serial or Centronics Par
88. 6 XR2211 CA3146 LM3914 IC SOCKETS 1 99 100 pin ST 13 11 ST 15 12 RESISTORS 4 Watt 5 Carbon Tas All Standard Values From 1 Ohm A To 10 Meg Ohm e pin ST We 13 50 Pcs Value 025 pin ST 20 18 100 Pcs Value 02 pin ST 29 27 1000 Pcs Value 015 pin ST 30 327 DIP pin ST 30 27 pin ST 40 32 SWITCHES pin ST 49 39 4 POSITION 85 pin ST 4 25 call 5 POSITION 90 ST SOLDERTAIL 6 POSITION 90 pin WW 59 49 7 POSITION 95 pin WW 69 52 8 POSITION 95 pin WW 69 58 pin WW 99 90 MISC pin WW 1 09 98 ULN2003 pin WW 1 39 1 28 3242 pin WW 1 49 1 35 MC3470 pin WW 1 69 1 49 AY5 1013 COM8116 pin WW 1 99 1 80 WW WIREWRAP D SUB pin ZIF 4 95 call pin ZIF 5 95 call DB25P male 1 90 pin ZIF 6 95 cal DB25S female 2 25 GREY HOOD 99 DISKETTE FILE if purchased with S a 9 5 50 diskettes or more 9 95 IF PURCHASED ALONE ATTRACTIVE SMOKED ACRYLIC CASE one SIX ND XED DIVIDERS RUGGEL HIGH QUALITY COA STFUCTION HOLDS 70 5 DESKET ES NASHUA DISKETTES DS DD BULK PACKAGED 1 39ea 1 49ea 1 59ea QT 250 QTY 100 QTY 50 ORDER TOLL FREE 800 538 5000 662 6279 CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS CAPACITORS DISC 1 29 7 95 4 95 3 95 10 95 ZIF TEXTOOL Zero Insertion Force 10pf 22pf 27pf 33pf 47pf 56pf 82pf 100pf 220pf 0O uf 50V 05C ea MONOLITHIC JUMEBO LEDS 1 99 100 up Red 10 09 Grees 18 15 DYN 41256 4164 HM6264 Kx8 TMM20162Kx
89. 64 s RAM allowing computer to manipulate store and trans ter EPROM data to and trom the JE664 Sample program listing is supplied in MBASIC tor CP M computers Documentation provided to adapt the software to other computers with an RS232 pon Specs 9600 Baud B bit word odd parity with 2 stop bits Assembled and tested 2716 Module included EPROM Programmer JE664 ARS w JE665 Option 1195 00 JE664 ARS COMMUNICATION PROGRAM For IBM PC or XT and Compatibles Fast compiled BASIC program Easy to use menu driven Print hard copies of EPROM data View dats in HEX and ASCII NEW The JE664 ARS Communication Program was writien tor quick interfacing between the JE664 ARS EPROM Programmer and the IBM PC computer and compatibles Menu driven program aliows user to Load and Save EPROM data to and from the computer or floppy disk Data entered by the computer can be viewed in Hex 4 ASCI formats Printed hard copies are also displayed in both formats Program is ideal for keeping archives of master EPROMS on disk The program 19 compatible for all EPROMs listed with the JE664 Computer requirements IBM PC XT or eq with at least 128K RAM and one serial pon Optional One parailel port for printer JE664 ARS CP JE664 ARS Communications Program 5 Disk and User s Instructions JE664 CP CABLE Cable for IBM PC to JE664 ARS Program 5 Shielded Cable amp Connectors eee o ls JUMPER Personatity MODULES
90. 676 te 741527 4 120 ns india 2 is were nearly instantaneous and the 05542 7427 3 05816 74 928 3 100 05932 74LS193 14 db wd a Wide 05818 74 930 4 120 05933 74iS194 2 100 words I had included in my search crite 05546 7430 2 05682 xu NS s uim a el ria appeared highlighted I could jump ER a j os 05826 74 937 3 110 05936 7419221 2 169 from one occurrence of a key word to an 05828 741838 3 110 05937 7418240 1 95 eu Un E 05688 2 cue us GRID a a SH im other with the single push of a function Fee 2 05832 74 942 3 O 05939 741924 1 90 05554 7440 3 RE md m B nb Ho E key and transfer the small blocks of uu i 2 ea 2 05836 741948 2 160 05941 7419242 2 1 59 information I really wanted to more con 9998 7 05696 05838 741849 2 1 30 05942 7418243 2 159 05560 7443 05698 i Du r 4 mall a al T le cise files What had been a laborious pro 05562 7445 05700 05842 741854 3 90 05944 74LS244 5 450 itin ed 05564 7446 05702 05844 741855 3 9 05945 7418245 1 110 cess of edit E the downloaded files with 05566 744 1 05704 05846 74 973 3 110 05946 74 8245 5 525 a word processor became a snap 05568 7447 5 05706 05848 741874 3 00 05947 74LS247 2 140 2 05570 7448 05708 2 05850 74LS75 3 115 05948 7418248 1 90 If you create any sizable quantity of 05572 7450 3 05710 05852 74LS76 3 110 05949 7418249 1 90 05574 7451 3 05712 05854 741978 3 110 05950 74LS251 2 169 05576 7453 3 05714
91. 713 771 6000 Includes payroll inventory materials fixed assets and sales Also proprietary word pro cessor report writer and network software 600 900 per module Thoroughbred Business Software SMC Software Systems 312 N Adamsville Rd Bridgewater NJ 08807 201 647 7000 Includes payroll fixed assets purchase Or der and order processing Comes with source code in SMC BASIC multi user ver sion available under SMC Thoroughbred OS Most modules 595 new system is performing adequately Timing a conversion is important too Don t try to convert to a computerized system in the midst of your busy season Avoid starting when key people are on vacation If you are automating in sever al accounting areas consider converting them one at a time so that you and your staff won t be overwhelmed Make as few changes as possible to your existing operations wait until you have sub stantial confidence in your abilities to operate the new system before abandon ing the old What You Can Expect in an Accounting Package Most accounting software is divided into separate but coordinated modules 65 that correspond to the following subject divisions General Ledger Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Inventory Payroll General Ledger The general ledger module is the core of an accounting system It summarizes all of your firm s economic activity in cluding activities dealt with more specif ically in
92. 8 HM6116 PKx8 27128 16Kx8 250ns 2764 SKx8 480ns 2732 AK 450ns MATH i Ro 8087 3 dui END 4 30 85 JDR Microdevices 1224 S Bascom Avenue San Jose CA 95128 800 538 5000 e 800 662 6279 CA 408 995 5430 FAX 408 275 8415 Telex 171 110 Copyright 1985 JOR Microdevices ELCOMP iuf Hardware Handbook 22uf CHIP 129 00 RETAIL STORE 1253 S BASCOM AVENUE HOURS M W F 9 5 TU TH 9 9 SAT 10 3 PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING TERMS Minimum order 10 00 For shipping and handling inciude 2 50 tor UPS Ground and 3 50 tor UPS Air Orders over 1 ib and foreign orders may require additional shipping charges please contact our sales department ter the amount CA residents must include 6 sales tax Bay Area and LA residents include 6 4 All merchandise is warranted for 90 Jays uniess otherwise stated Prices are subject to change without 1otice We are not responsible for typographical errors We reserve the right to limit quantities and to substitute manufacturer All merchandise subject to prior sale April 1985 87 1 b Mode e 9 Commodore Accessories RS232 ADAPTER FOR VIC 20 AND COMMODORE 64 P as Het The JE232CM allows connection of standard serial RS232 printers modems etc to your VIC 20 and C 64 A 4 pole switch allows the inversion of the 4 control lines Com plete installation and operation instructions included
93. 80 Column 64K RAM Card Expands memory by 84K to give 128 when used with programs like VisiCaic Fully assembled and tested 99 95 TRS 80 MODEL Ill Each Kit comes complete with eight MM5290 UPD4 16 4116 16K Dynamic RAMS and documentation tor conversion Model 1 16K equipped wih Ex pansion Interface can be expanded to 48K with 2 Kits Model ili Can be expanded tram 16K to 48K using 2 Kits Each Kit will expand computer by 16K increments TRS 16K3 200ns Model HI TRS 16K4 250ns Model1 5 49 TRS 80 MODEL IV amp 4P Easy to install Kit comes complete with 8 ea 4164N 20 200ns 64K Dynamic RAMs and conversion documentation Converts TRS 80 Model IV computers tram 16K to 64K Also expands Model 4P trom 64K to 126K 29 95 TRS 64K 2 Converts the Model IV from 16K to 64K or will expand the Model 4P trom 64K to 128K TRS 64K2PAL Model IV onty 49 95 8 4164 s with PAL Chip to expand from 64K to 128K TRS 80 COLOR AND COLOR Il Easy to install Kit comes complete wth 8 each 4164N 20 2000s 64K Dynamic RAMs and documentation for conversion Converts TRS 80 Color Computers with D E ET F and NC circuit boards to 32K Also converts TRS 80 Color Computer Il to 64K Fiex DOS or OS 9 required to utiize ful 64K RAM on all computers TRS 64K2 os 29 95 e iXDiStTRIZS Se D HP ru Surge Protector Eliminates voltage spikes and EMI RFI noise before i can damage your equipment
94. 9 QUADRAM 0 82A 80 col 120 cps para 349 319 2 Quadmodem Intemal IBM 595 425 an 3 ay 1000 ea DS DD 48 Track IBM PC Pre formatted 959 Ouadmodem Extemal IBM 695 495 93 132 co 120 cps para 749 S99 ARBO BM PC to Modem Cable 3 21 LIST copy VENTEL PC Half Card IBM v s49 389 84 136 col 200 cps para 899 729 IBM PC to Para Printer Cable s 60 30 i 92 80 col 160 cps para 499 399 ASTAR RF Modulator for T V Apple 35 20 COC 10ea SS DD 40T Apple IBM 55 19 1200 Plus Extemal IBM 499 429 1 i Apple 10 ea DS DD MUSIC Hey 75 O oo GURDHRA Rae qe Edo os E a ee a 2 ie i j UADRAM Quadje Inkjet Color Printe 89 t Cz MES SLE UM Lim 22 MONITORS ___ STAR MIC ean 120cps 10 49 269 got uu MN ung S be DS E LIST CONROY Gemini 120cps 15 549 419 10 ea DS DD 487 IBM H P 69 35 AMDEK Color 300 Comp Audio 349 249 TOSHIBA Prop spacing amp Hi res graphics ACCESSORIES MAXELL 10ea SS DD MD Apple 55 19 Colo 500 Comp VCR RGB Audoo 525 395 1351 192 cps DO amp 100 cps LO 1805 1375 CURTIS Diamond 6 outlets switched 50 29 10 a SS DD 3 MAC 60 35 Color 600 Hi Res RGB Audio 599 459 1340 144 cps DO amp 54 cps LO 995 795 Emerald B outlets 6 cord s 60 35 10 ea DS DD MD 18M 75 26 olor 700 Ultra Hi Res RGB 749 549 Bi directional Tractor Feed S 195 175 Ruby 6 outlets 6 cord filter 90 52 10 e
95. A jolt equiva lent to dropping the drive 1 onto a hard surface probably will exceed the 20 g limit and cause the heads to lift off the stationary medium surface and slap down with enough energy to damage the medium While some manufacturers advertise limits up to 40 g others stress in their equipment specifications that forces are upwardly compatible so disks made by version 1 1 can still be used unmodi fied with versions 2 1 and 3 0 though you may have to copy over old files un der the new operating system Apple supplies a utility to convert DOS 3 3 applications to ProDOS to ease your transition Why Trees The intricacies of the tree structure may seem hard to fathom when you first start Out but after you ve had some ex perience you ll be glad you chose to use them File access speed is improved for one thing Without tree directories the operating system must search up to 512 file names on an IBM hard disk to locate the one you want By using subdirec tories you can reduce the number of files handled for any one application to a nec essary handful Subdirectory trees help handling accounts for more Winchester drive damage than all other factors combined 3 Don t position any of the drive s mov able components by hand Rotating the spindle the weighted metal shaft attached to the platters or the track zero interrupter the mechani cal device that senses the head return to track zero by hand subjects
96. ASSIM PROC Mac to Epson Conn I F 88 69 M je le 3 NEW 9 Smartmodem 1200 AP 699 489 FX80 160 cps 80 col 699 CALL MPC Applell I F amp Cable for Epson amp Gemini 95 59 9a y uc 3 NEW ALL Micromodem Ile w Smartcom AP S 329 239 mM oM ee EAD OKIDATA Pug Pay Tractors Oxgaphea 50 42 1000 ea DS DD MAC H P 3 NEW CALL KENSINGTON M 1200 MAC 595 385 JX80 Coior Printer 160 cps 399 CALL ORANGE MICRO Grapple Plus for Apple 149 99 re i i 5 10 ea DS DD IBM H P 48 Trk comes witlip pak 15 NOVATION we 149 104 01500 200 amp 67 cps 1395 CALL Senai Grappler 19 79 ie DS 00 pep nis Ate ACCESS 1 2 3 1200B CrosstalkXVI IBM 595 369 factor Feed for LQ1500 70 CALL Butter Grapple Plus 16K 239 159 ea IBM H P Apple Cat 11 300 B AP 389 249 MAREM ANM TALLY 219 PRACTICAL Microbuff In Line 64K para 5349 259 212 Apple Cat 1200 B AP 725 559 pirit BO col 80 cps 269 Microbutf In Line 64K ser 349 259 CONROY LAPOINTE 160 80 col 160 eps 798 568 tasers fin SmanCat Pius w software MAC 499 379 i QUADRAM Microfazers tull line in STOCK CALL IBM PRE FORMATTED 180 132 col 160 cps 1098 778 PROMETHEUS ProModem 12008 IBM S 399 289 0 ea DS OD 48 T BM PC Pre A OKIDATA Okmate 20 Color Hi Res 268 208 10 ea DS rack 1BM PC Pre tormatted 19 Promodem 1200 MAC 549 429 CABLES 100 ea DS DD 48 Track IBM PC Pre formatted 14
97. ATION OK TO CHANGE E PRINT 1 PAZ T 100 OEN i 4410 GO a 1 120 GOSUH HKE M 130 GOSLB 300 135 PRINT 3t SP END M END 450 CHARACTER SUBROUTINES FOLLOW 35 200 SOLID LETTER M 210 PRINT 321 PD PRO 11 1 0 2 8 258 1 0 0 11 1 0 220 PRINT 21 PRO 7 L5 6 1 0 1 5 6 0 APO gU 2139 RETURN Ao SOLID LETTER 30 PRINT 1 PRO S PD AR 3 0 STOLA RO 2 270 PR 1 0 320 PRINT 3 amp 1 AR 1 0 TIARO 2 AT PR EPUL 330 RETURN 400 SOLIDI ETTERI 410 PRINT 1 PRLO PD0 11 10 OIL LAPU LHT aeg a20 RETURN It s possible to create an entire charac ter set using the principle given in line 60 of Listing 1 The custom characters however will not respond to the charac ter manipulation commands of HPGL Creating Custom Stencil Letters Programs like Listing 1 can be ex panded to create outlined bold faced characters Listing 2 for instance in cludes HPGL subroutines for creating outlined versions of M I and S The complete alphabet can be formed by adding additional subroutines Lines 65 and 70 of Listing 2 allow the user to set the plotter s scale prior to a drawing session Line 75 sends the se lected scale information to the plotter Line 90 then moves the pen to a prede termined and easily revised starting lo cation PA2 1 Lines 100 130 call the subroutines for M I M and S Figure 2 shows the result Figur
98. C DOS 2 1 Thus as with many compatibles it would proba bly be a good idea to acquire a copy of PC DOS for use with the NCR al though use of the manufacturer sup plied DOS is recommended whenever possible The standard PC Model 4 configura tion which includes a monochrome non graphics display 128K of RAM GW BASIC NCR DOS NCR Pal and NCR Tutor and two double sided dou ble density 360K floppy disk drives is priced at 2825 The same configuration equipped with a color graphics display costs 3299 FreeC my EN mma inmac Catalog Dept NAME 2465 Augustine Drive COMPANY Santa Clara CA 95054 ADDRESS Please rush my free copy of CITY the Inmac Catalog under STATE stand there is no obligation whatsoever Your 80 page guide to computer bd d accessories including complete new product descriptions E Packed with over 1600 products for microcomputers minicomputers and word processors many available nowhere else Bi Big special section devoted to new supplies and accessories ll Comprehensive product descriptions including more than 475 full color photos clearly explain features and benefits Easy to use cross reference guides to magnetic media ribbons and more along with the industry s most complete cable guide Ml Helpful suggestions and tips ranging from flexible disk care to proper ribbon selection to useful application ideas k E gt Pho
99. Center can give you a demonstration of the Assistant Series Just seeing them in action may make vou feel more organized For the location of the store nearest you call 1 800 147 4700 In Alaska or Hawaii 1 800 447 8090 nl i 1 Y till C Circle No 41 on Free Information Card BY PETER COSTA EDITORIAL ON INNOVATION HE microcomputer industry is in creasingly dominated by corpo rate monoliths No longer can in dependent nonconformists work out of their garages with 1000 and a dream and design the face of tomorrow Even Apple s young chairman Steve Jobs who with Steve Wozniak helped pioneer the personal computer movement seems to have changed his look and outlook He has traded his sport shirt and blue jeans for dark suit and bowtie and talks more about microcomputers for the of fice environment As almost everyone readily agrees the Apple Computer Company has been a leader in designing computers that were easy to use displayed imaginative design and sold at reasonable prices The Ile the IIc and the Macintosh provide alter natives to a Big Blue world But many fear that Apple is becoming co opted by the exigencies of the big corporation big budgets big inventories bigness in general Many software and hardware compa nies today find themselves having to ask a question posed by playwright Edward Albee Have the dice become too big to toss It s difficult to take as many risks i
100. FOX leave your name and address at the beep and we ll rush you a brochure that will tell you how it can To order call 602 941 5856 ColorFox The Silver Fox is sold exclusively by Scottsdale Systema Ltd 617 N Scottsdale Road 4B Scottsdale AZ 85257 Trademarks Silver Foz HAGEN DOS Qwikdisc Datemate and Mailit Scottsdale Systems Ltd WordStar and C Micropro International MS DOS Multiplan Microsoft Corporation FILEBASE EWDP Software Inc dBASE II Ashton Tate IBM PC International Business Machines Corporation Ordering Telemarketing only Silver Fox price is for cash F O B Scottsdale prices subject to change product subject to limited eupply We accept purchase orders from Fortune 1000 companies and major universities with good credit add 2 Visa Mastercard add 3 AZ residents add 6 Returned merchandise subject to a 20 restocking fee Personal or company checks take upto 3 weeks to clear NoCOD s or APO s n 81 NCR PC Continued from page 81 Software Overall the PC Model 4 seems to have a high degree of software compati bility with the IBM PC It ran such tough tests of compatibility as Micro soft s Flight Simulator Lotus 1 2 3 and RoseSoft s ProKey without problem In fact the only program that gave us prob lems with the NCR was CorrectStar which hung up the machine each time it was called when we were using NCR DOS However it ran flawlessly when we switched to P
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102. Hicksville NY 11801 ic th ah A oe a Ec UU ee uu TI 99 4A Softwares for personal home entertainment and business applications Write for free catalog to Micro Biz Hawaii Dept P 98 1409D Kaahumanu St Aiea Hawaii 96701 abb A IBM PCjr owners we have the affordable software you want Free catalog Oowl Software 1435 Burnley Square No Columbus OH 43229 a FREE PROGRAMS Commodore 64 ALL TRS 80 s TI99 4A Timex Vic 20 Send postage stamps EZRAEZRA Box 5222 CAP San Diego CA 92105 MEET p M e CONTRACT BRIDGE GAME software 39 95 Apple IBM TI99 4A Commodore 64 16 VIC 4 TRS 80 1 3 4 CoCo thers immediate shipment Send check to Authors John and Lynda Allan Azilda Ontario POM 1B0 Canada 705 983 4341 A SR RN cc c BEAM ANALYSIS PROGRAM FOR APPLE II 2E Calcu lates reactions shear moments slopes and deflections 50 00 Sylca Corp 33 47 14th St D E Long Island NY 11106 idis DISCOUNT SOFTWARE HARDWARE 20 to 40 be low retail Apple Atari Commodore IBM PC TI 99 4A Panasonic KXP 1090 209 Ti extended BASIC 90 3 shipping Send 1 for extensive catalog Over 1000 titles Specify computer Multi Video Services PO Box 246 East Amherst NY 14051 716 688 0469 5 9 pm O Dah SA ci Edu Posh didi fci aUi COR E EA iil ELIZA This classic artificial intelligence program is fas cinating surprising always entertaining C64 disk 9 95 P amp H
103. ICROSETTE CO 275 Santa Ana Court Sunnyvale CA 94086 408 737 8441 IRCLE NO 108 ONFREE INFORMATION GARD 20 PROGRAMS on 2 cassette tapes for 16K TS1000 TS1500 8 ZX81 only E ER 19 95 for TS2068 C 64 VIC 20 ATARI TI99 4A CoCo amp MC 10 only 29 95 Save money learn about the exciting world of home computing and have fun doing it with the new HOME PAC The HOME PAC with 21 page user manual covers educational graphics recreational home finance and utility applications Great tool for learning to program in BASIC Programs are listable and manual includes section on modification tips 1 10 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE Please add 2 OO shipping and handling to order Simplex Software Dept CE2 62 Crestview Drive Willingboro NJ 08046 MC VISA amp Checks Accepted Orders amp Inquiries State Computer Type Dealer Inquiries Invited BUILD OUR PROGRAMMABLE DRUM SET CAT Select from 7 percussion sounds struc ture pattern and time signature in any con Ceivable combination Enter scores in seconds with touch sensitive electronic controls Includes score editing bridges and intros external sync to sequencers and foot controls memory save and more Easy to assemble from our kit No 3750 Programmable Drurr Set Kit 79 95 plus 3 shipping _ Ask for our FREE Catalog Dept P 1020 W Wilshire Blvd Oklahoma City OK 73116 orders 800 654 8657
104. LE TV CONVERTERS Jerrold Harmlin SB 3 Mini code Zenith UHF converters Send SASE 54 postage or call for info 312 637 4408 Higgons Electronics 6014 W Nelson Chicago IL 60634 gt IN S Computer Satellite modulators CCTV cameras moni tors MATV Kits Free video catalog Phone 402 987 3771 Dealership available ATV Research 13 CE Broad way Dakota City NE 68731 i lS a a pc PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS Double sided with plated through holes or single sided No set up charge Caudill Inc 205 East Westwood Ave Highpoint NC 27262 919 884 0229 A A A HALON FIRE EXTINGUISHER Rechargeable 2 BC will not harm electronic mechanical equipment Satisfaction guaranteed 49 95 VISA MC COD Homecare Rd 3 Box 3376 Hamburg PA 19526 215 562 3249 fia AG a calc Ne A ds is AECE PAY TV RECEPTION HBO Showtime Cinemax How To Book 4 95 Diptronics Box 80 C5 Lake Hiawatha NJ 07034 FREE BROCHURE Largest selection of computer ori ented T shirts and caps Must see Computer Graphics Box 4055 Lutherville Maryland 21093 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT PARTS SAVE 90 Build Your Own Minicomputer Free Details Di gatek 2723 West Butler Dr Suite 20C Phoenix AZ 85021 AMBER REPLACEMENT CAT s picture tubes for IBM PC Radio Shack TeleVideo DEC Kaypro and many more monitors Made with European Amber phosphor high lead glass anti glare tech high res gun etc Finest quality Replace your
105. LED BACK BY THE SURFACE TENSION The Canon PJ 1080A has a single nozzle for each color both use the same four ink colors and end up with seven solid colors Both printers also use replaceable ink car tridges However while Canon uses a single cartridge for cyan yellow and ma genta plus a second cartridge for black Xerox uses four separate cartridges A major difference between the Xerox and Canon printers lies in the print heads Xerox uses four nozzles for each color giving the 1770 a total of sixteen nozzles The nozzle orifices are also different Canon uses larger orifices and a higher print rate to attain greater throughput at less resolution This exchange is simi lar to the one between quick draft quali ty impact dot matrix printers and slower letter quality daisy wheels The difference in image quality is ob vious In fact the Xerox image is sharp enough that most people probably re quire a five power eye piece to detect the dot pattern in the 1770 images At first glance it is difficult to distinguish the ink jet alphanumeric symbol output from a normal letter quality machine Quality doesn t come without cost however The multiple nozzle system must be carefully maintained to prevent ink clogging and ultimate print head de struction The printer is difficult and messy to install In addition to the four ink cartridges you must fill a reservoir with print head maintenance fluid and clean the print head
106. LSI 11 73 or Micro VAX CPUs and comes standard with dual floppy backup Winchester storage ranges from 10M bytes to 40M bytes and can emulate RLO2 RLOI or RDSI DEC drives The CIl Micro 11 operates under RSTS E RSX11 M RTII and Unix operating systems With LSI 11 23 CPU 256K memory 2M bytes of dual 8 floppy storage and 20M byte Winchester 7695 Circle No 77 on Free Information Card Sew NCR PC Continued from page 24 convenient than it usually is in the IBM PC The exception to this rule comes when you attempt to install an expansion mem ory board or to add memory to the motherbcard While the standard configuration PC Model 4 comes equipped with 128K of RAM the motherboard has a total capacity of 256K In both cases you have to adjust a DIP switch that is awk wardly placed between the first and second expansion slots Those with any but the nimblest of fingers may be forced to re move a board or two to reach the switch Keyboard One final area where the NCR s design differentiates it from its competition is its keyboard A group of dedicated cursor control keys has been added between the main ody of the key board and the numeric keypad In theory these keys should al low the user of a spreadsheet program such as 1 2 3 to leave NUMLOCK on and use the numeric keypad for entering num bers while using the separate cursor control pad to move the cursor abou
107. MEN up with your own personal to answer your questions or give you guidance and special help whenever you need it Learn MS DOS Operating System Praised by critics as the most intriguing of all the IBM PC compatible com puters the new Sanyo uses the same 8088 microprocessor as the IBM PC and features the MS DOS operating system As a result you ll have a choice of thousands of off the shelf software programs to run on your completed Sanyo Your NRI course includes installation and trouble shooting of the intelligent keyboard power supply and disk drive plus you ll check out the 8088 microprocessor functions using machine language You ll also prepare the interfaces for future peripherals such as printers and joysticks A EN E OE ae Wi wepe fxs gt s H ali I e Your NRI course includes the Sanyo MBC 550 2 Computer with 128K RAM monitor disk drive and intelligent keyboard the NRI Discovery Lab teaching circuit design and operations a Digital Multimeter Bundied Spread Sheet and Word Processing Software worth 1500 at retail and more 100 Page Free Catalog Tells More Send the postage paid reply card today for NRI s big 100 page color catalog on NRI s electronics training which gives you all the facts about NRI courses in Micro computers Robotics Data Communications TV Video Audio Servicing and other growing high tech career fields If the repl
108. NIX is so rich in features as to be confusing and more than most per sonal computer users want or need to tangle with its hierarchical file organi zational scheme has immense power Based on tree structured directories UNIX is so powerful that it has been ei ther copied or faked by most other pc disk operating systems Tree structured directories allow you to divvy up a hard disk to avoid facing an arm s length of file names every time you read the directory Rather than listing all files in one place tree structured op erating systems use directories within directories called subdirectories and even sub subdirectories of subdirec tories The tree in the name refers toa schematic representation of what grows from an acorn the subdirectories and files are arranged like offspring on a fam ily tree or the branches of an oak turned upside down Computers amp Electronics ROOT 5 B SUB DIRECTORY SUB SUB DIRECTORY i HAYESCOM 3 MS NUTSHELL A sample hard disk directory with subdirectories The directories subordinate to WordStar and Nutshell are shown differently because they contain only data files that are supported by application software in their parent directories The Features directory is expanded to show some of its data files In true UNIX form and as adapted to PC DOS and MS DOS each subdirec tory is essentially a data file t
109. SOFTWA u need is not isted Piease call of write for prices and avaliabity accessones tf what yO NEW COMMON 128 amp ATARI ST amp XE COMPUTERS Call us for IMD TY and pre NOTE WE CARRY A FULL LINE OF AUDIO VIDEO AND COMPUTERS IN EVERY MAJOR BRAND THIS LISTING IS JUST A SMALL SAMPLE IN OUR 510 000 000 INVENTORY PLEASE CALL US TOLL FREE OR WRITE TO US FOR PRICES ON ITEMS NOT LISTED IN THIS AD 23 PARK RON DEPT CEA NYC NY 10038 wow TO BY MAIL F OURTE SHIPM VD MONEY ORDER R CERT FIED CHECK CASHIERS S CHECK 1 MAST ERCA RD VISA i neiude cara number interbank No expr raton gate and sgnature DO NOT SEND CASH PERSONAL AND BUSINESS CHECKS MUST LEAR So BANK BEFORE ee 525 MINIMUM ORDER Shipping Handling amp insurance harges 5 of Total Order with a 3 95 minimum WE SP TO CONTINENTAL US ALASKA HAWAN PUE RTO RICO ko CANADA ONLY cm Orders Add 15 Shipping with Yum charge For shipments by am a nese charges SORRY cos NEW YOR RESIDENTS E PLEASE ADO GALES TA TAX aul Wear BRANO AND 100 GUARANTEED WE ARE NOT E er NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY FREE GIANT CATALOGS ieum 368 PAGE AUDIO VIDEO COMPUTER CATALOG 80 A CATALOC BO PAGE VIDEO MOVIE CATALOC Please Send 53 00 For Stuppang amp Handling Circle No 23 on Free Information Card Hard Disk Drives portunity for higher margins Greater Stress Tolerance Because of the move to smaller portable comput ers drive manufacture
110. Send 1 00 for in formation to Data Management Systems PO Box 52 Fallbrook CA 92028 MAKE 50 000 IN TWO MONTHS No risk completely legal Send 2 00 CCP 10636 Main St Suite 471 Belle vue WA 98004 BF CONSULTANTS now has funds available for any worthwhile purpose competitive terms Send 1 00 to cover P amp H to Bjorn Financial Consultants 323 Franklin Bldg South Suite 804 B 166 Dept CE 0103 Chicago IL 60606 7093 ERASE DEBTS with little known law create wealth De tails FREE Wealth Kit No EE4 Billings NY 12510 EARN EXTRA INCOME with your microcomputer Super opportunities Free details Scitec Box 02038 Colum bus OH 43202 DO IT YOURSELF TELEPHONE SYSTEMS at wholesale prices Catalog 3 00 refunded with order DTC P O Box 15046 Day tona FL 32015 MAILING LISTS FREE MAILING LIST analysis Details GOC 14N Box 1107 Stuart FL 33494 305 334 5205 REAL ESTATE 500 OFFICES 45 STATES 30 000 listing on computer 16 000 under 50 000 Free printouts and regional cata logs UNITED FARM AGENCY 612 EP West 47th Kansas City MO 64112 Ph 1 800 821 2599 in MO 1 800 892 5785 INSURANCE SAFEWARE If your computer is important to you insure it SAFEWARE provides full replacement of hardware media and purchased software As little as 35 00 a year for comprehensive coverage including fire theft power surges earthquake water damage auto accident Ca
111. St Charles Rock Road ST LOUIS MISSOURI 631 14 314 426 1099 MAT MARYMAC mere w 800 231 3680 Radio Shack TRS 80 s EPSON PRINTERS People you Trust to give you the very best Reliable Service Quality Products World s Largest Volume TRS 80 Dealer 22511 Katy Fwy Katy Houston Texas 77450 713 392 0747 Telex 774132 CIRCLE NO 120 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD MARKE E CLASSIFIED RATES Per Word 15 Word Minimum COMMERCIAL 5 00 PERSONAL 3 00 EXPAND AD 7 50 Ads setin all bold type 20 premium Ads set with background screen 25 premium DISPLAY 1 x 2 605 00 2 x 24 1 165 00 3 x 214 1 675 00 GENERAL INFORMATION Frequency rates and prepayment discounts available Payment must accompany order except credit card Am Ex MC VISA include exp date or accredited ad agency inser tions Copy subject to publisher s approval must be typewritten or printed First word set in caps Advertisers using P O Boxes MUST supply permanent address and telephone number Orders not acknowledged They will appear in next available issue after receipt Send order amp remittance to Classified Advertising COM PUTERS amp ELECTRONICS Magazine 1 Park Avenue New York NY 10016 To Charge your ad to amajor credit card call Lois Priceat 212 503 5115 For Customer FOR SALE GOVERNMENT and industrial surplus receivers trans mitters snooperscopes electronic parts Picture Cata log
112. T FOR ONLY E FOS LIST PRICE A B128 COMMODORE 128K 80 COLUMN COMPUTER 995 00 4023 100 CPS 80 COLUMN BIDIRECTIONAL PRINTER 499 00 G 8050 DUAL DISK DRIVE over 1 million bytes 1795 00 12 HI RESOLUTION 80 COLUMN MONITOR 249 00 e BOX OF 10 LORAN LIFETIME GUARANTEED DISKS 49 95 e 1100 SHEETS FANFCLD PAPER 19 95 e ALL CABLES NEEDED FOR INTERFACING 102 05 TOTAL LIST PRICE 3717 95 PLUS YOU CAN ORDER THESE BUSINESS PROGRAMS AT SALE PRICES LIST SALE SYSTEM LIST SALE Programmers Profess onal 80 Col mn PRICE Payroll 147 95 99 00 When 3cught Refererce word Processor 149 95 99 00 49 00 Inveatory 143 95 99 00 with B123 Guide Profess onal Data Ease 149 95 99 00 49 00 Genzral Ledger 142 95 99 00 Comculer List 29 35 Accoun Receivabie 149 95 99 00 Financial Spread Sheet 147 95 99 00 A Sale 24 95 Account Payable 149 95 99 00 Order Entry 143 95 99 00 pep LIST SALE i Olympia Execu ive Letter Quality Printer 699 00 369 00 x PRINTER REPLACEMENT OPTIONS fr Sci etur Hi Sp ed 160 CPS 15 Business Printer 779 00 459 00 replace the 2023 with the fol owing printers at these Telecommunicctions Deluxe Mode n Package 199 0C 139 00 sale prices Interfcce Included IEEE to Centron cs Parallel Printer Interface 179 0C 139 00 15 DAY FREE TRIAL We give you 15 days to try out jors SUPER SYSTEM PACKAGE If it doesn t meet your expectations just serd it bozk to us pr paid and we will refund your purcha
113. TH maxell GOLD STANDARD FLOPPY DISKS pyar PD NO risa n Derforr al ne Ier f St Jt can Jepend wth fel me ad ra MAXELL MD1D 5 Singie Sided doube density 10 pack 1995 an MAXENE MO20 ay Va P density 10 pa sy 2492 Neil a i ip e Bus commodore EM 16995 Atari BOOXL GAK COMPUTER 544995 Simon Schuster TYPING TUTOR 3 yy ng Atari 1050 DISK DRT 9469 95 Sorcim SUPERCALC M 5729 95 Density NOW mncludes DOS 3 ri West idge 6420 MODEM 589 55 Microsoft FUGHT SIMULATOR 539 95 M Rbase 4000 aduer PUTER SVS 4805 95 Miror e am reascaco 219 95 en PCy P PERSONAL COMPUTER A IEWORK A 128K RAM 360K drive 5799 45 an e ERAN FRAMEWORK 5379 95 Zenith zv ZUM 123 12 MONITOR 599 az Lotus SYMPHONY en 1849 35 Taxan 210 COLOR MONITOR ULT Co o C1702 A IBM Jucio 323935 IMATE E a prot MTI MULTIMAT 5269 95 mn ore r easy NOOS UD 3239 35 Ashton Tate mace DAS i 379 95 commodore an DISK DRIVE 5229 95 Elect Arts ONE ON ONE suia TO tir APP COMPUTER SOTA LOGIC FLICHT SIMULATOR W TDR 10 nu Ni s OKIDATA OKIMATE 10 COLOR PRINTER iu oars ie stette r Qu te a o 47 3495 juki 6100 LETTER QUALITY Hayden SARGON WI 534 95 ness Epson 8x80 y Lal MATRIX 289 95 Monogram DOLLARS amp SENSE 569 95 Infocom r Meet A 89 Nom ET STR 129 9 pee id Snir TIPLAN 5179 95 rp Visico VISICALC PACKACE
114. TTL level logic level RGB display such as IBM s the three electron guns in the color CRT are switched on and off in combination to generate up to eight colors if you in clude black Normally there is no con trol over intensity the guns are either on or off If you make provision for half intensity which requires another con trol signal the number of colors in creases to 15 you re not permitted to count black twice The VDA by converting the digital video information into analog form al lows much greater flexibility As we shall see later 5 bits are used to store the brightness or intensity information to be supplied to each electron gun of the CRT This means that 32 brightness lev els are available for each primary color By converting the numeric values repre sented by the digital information into an analog voltage the VDA modulates the intensity of the electron beams and thus of the glowing phosphors on the face of the CRT over a wide range How It Works Digitally encoding the 32 768 differ ent colors that can be generated by the VDA does not require any special tech nology in itself In fact 15 bits 5 for each primary color are sufficient to store the necessary information for each pixel Hence each could easily be repre sented by 2 bytes with a bit to spare A full 256 x 256 pixel VDA image would therefore require 128K bytes of memory 256 x 256 pixels X 2 bytes per pixel To conserve add
115. The Index file can not be opened message will occur if the file in use has not been indexed on some field in the file The messages en countered only indicate that the dBase II commands were not implemented correctly In the closing section the author men tioned that you ll need to spend about 60 on an IBM DOS disk if you want to use software that requires it This state ment is incorrect and misleading to our growing base of dealers end users and potential customers Panasonic s MS DOS 2 11 has been tested with hundreds of software titles and runs flawlessly Most importantly Panasonic does not recommend purchasing PC DOS for use with the Sr Partner The supplied MS DOS 2 11 is operationally compatible with software designed for the IBM PC BOB GREGORY amp STEVE RUMMEL Panasonic Secaucus NJ Too Much Blue in Display Regarding Bob Margolin s New Flat Panel Displays in the February 1985 is sue Why did the IBM Model 581 gas plasma display deserve three views in the article whereas the Industrial Electron ic Engineers Planar Systems and Inter state Electronics displays enjoyed only one view each and less fortunates PlasmaGraphics Nippon Electric Com pany NEC etc receive none Did IBM s commercial featuring its Model 3290 Information Panel shown during the Olympic Games convince the author that the IBM offering must be three times better than the Industrial Electronic En
116. To date the highly competitive and chaotic U S consumer computer mar ket has discouraged the Japanese from introducing these machines into the U S In the meantime cassette based MSX systems are selling well in Europe al though the European computer store dealers are complaining about their dis tribution Sony Sanyo Hitachi Mitsu bishi JVC Toshiba and Spectravideo are currently selling systems The prob lem is that these companies seeing the machines as part of home entertainment systems are ignoring the computer stores Teleton National and Canon are also expected to begin shipping MSX machines soon Commodores Staying at the Stores gt Commodore with over a billion dol lars in personal computer sales is num ber 2 in the industry just behind IBM and ahead of Apple Sales figures of its equipment form an important indicator Although its sales of personal computers increased in every quarter since it started selling systems in 77 they decreased in the last quarter of 84 the company disclosed Sales of the C 64 which has been on the market for three years have begun to slacken and sales of the new Plus 4 and Commodore 16 have been disappointing Commodore has about 60 of the un der 500 computer market But IBM Apple and Atari reducing their prices have cut into Commodore s sales Fur ther Sanyo with its MS DOS machine has been quietly increasing its share of the under 1000 market 2
117. a MULTIPLE RECORDING HEAD ASSEMBLY WINCHESTER DISK DRIVE RECORDING HEAD ARM er sectors With this arrangement while the computer is processing information in one sector the disk will have rotated enough to place the next logical sector under the head The number of sectors interleaved in this way is a function of the computer s controller and associated software An interleave factor of six or eight meaning six or eight sectors sepa rate logically contiguous sectors seems common with today s 10M byte hard disks With 17 sectors per track which is the number IBM uses an interleave fac tor of eight produces a track loop with this sequence 1 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 17 15 1351159 75 5 3 Sector is read into the computer for processing while the disk continues to Cobalt and nickel on Tandon disks give six times the storage of conventional oxide coated media RECORDING HARD HEAD WINCHESTER DISK EIS d rotate Afteg eight sec tors pass under the read write head sectt 2 is ready for access Eight sectors after that sector 3 1s under the head for proc ssing etc While this illustration is lineas in reality the track is an endless loop that stays under the head until the positioning mechanism moves the head to another track It takes one half revolution for eight sectors to pass under the head which puts about 8 ms between sector accesses This waiting time for the correct data to appear unde
118. a 245 169 des arenes POM m pes ComX x ly i 3 RE af RES n H E Quadchrome Monitor 12 RGB Color 795 495 Econo RAM Plus P Kits are completely engineered to work with DOS 2 0 2 1 KE alie wer Supply 140 99 Quadchrome 1 Manitor 14 RGB Color 650 450 Easy to install neludes Hard Disk Controller Card and oe Vs Mesi 50 3 35 Amberchrome Monitor 12 Amber 250 EE nstructions LIST CONROY Quad 3278 119 KEY TRONIC KB5151 Std ke 25 195 KAMERMAN Extemal 10 meg kil 1295 1095 MSIE Sid Mare Dun i 459 Quade VI 2295 1545 384K Multifunction RAM Board Megaftight 100 intemal 10 meg kit 895 795 Quadnet IX 1995 1745 KOALA Speed Key System 100 63 495 385 expandable to 1 5 Megabyte Masterflight 20 meg tape surge prot 3095 2495 Speed Key Tables w software 200 139 Quadink Works like AST SixPakPlus with MAYNARD Intemal 10 meg kit W51 1595 1150 Koala Pad w PC Desi 150 ag TG PRODUCTS Joystick 45 29 Ike QUADRAM Quaddisks Int w controller X51 mad 14 TITAN Accelerator PC 8086 128K 995 750 capacity for up to 1 5 meg game port Full Line cal WICO Smartboard Keyboard 400 279 Fastrak RAM Disk and Spooler Software ete at MENTO m sags 1095 MAYNARD SAND STAR SERIES a 10 M i 995 795 Multifuaction 6 Card 8 79 ae se i M0 PO OE RB 2 1 Memory Card no RAM s 169 x FORYOURPC JR_ xx E FLOPPY DISK DRIVES Memory Card 256K 495 395 LIST CONROY EconoRAM 384K Flop
119. a A Pee Et 1945 UPLATE vi Cee feta HANDBOOK OF ACCOUNTPSG paid oa E TH BOTTOM LINE ON ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE What to look for in accou accounting nting packages and v and what s wrong wit wrong with most of them BY MICHAEL K GUTTMAN amp DAVID FRANKEL Ow that word processors N spreadsheets and database man agers are well established atten tion is turning to a product for personal computers the integrated accounting package Actually accounting software is not really new it is standard on many mainframe and minicomputer installa tions But until recently it was generally considered to be a high end custom product Within a short time however hun dreds of off the shelf microcomputer ac counting packages have surfaced in magazine ads and at computer shows Products are coming from small special ty companies as well as from such giants as IBM and Dow Jones A battle is clear ly shaping up to attempt to o satisfy what 64 vendors perceive as a huge demand Computerized accounting certainly sounds like a great idea but how feasible is it for most microcomputer users While computerizing may yield many benefits most systems in the mass mar ket cannot meet the needs of all prospec tive users Buyers should act cautiously before committing their business ac counting to any particular computerized accounting package Can One Size Fit All O
120. a DS 0D Hi Dens IBM AT 7 49 Col 710 799 599 TTX T1Xpiess portabie handheld 40cp 229 129 Sapphire 3 outlets w filter 80 46 MEMOREX 1082 SS SD 3 7 MAC 65 35 3006 12 Green 179 129 EPD Lemon 6 outlets wa 60 29 10 ea DS 0 Hi Dens IBM AT 84 54 3006 12 Amber 199 149 LETTER QUALITY Lime 6 outlets cord 90 45 VERBATIM 10 ee SS DD MD515 01 Apple 49 2T 310A 12 Amber IBM 230 159 JUKI 6300 40 cps para 995 795 Orange 6 outlets cord 140 60 10 ea DS DD MD34 18M 84 32 PRINCETON HX 12 Hi Res RGB 795 495 6100 18 cps para 3 pitch 599 439 Peach 3 outlets wal 98 39 10 ea SS DD 3 MAC 65 35 SR 12 Hi Res RGB 799 599 TOSHIBA Prop spacing amp Hi res graphics Kiwi 1 outiet wal CALL Scan Doubler for SR 12 249 179 1351 192 cps DQ amp 100 cps LQ 1895 375 INNOVATIVE Flip n File 10 disk holder 7 4 GENERIK DISKETTES MAX 12 Amber monochrome 249 199 1340 144 cps DQ amp 54 cos LO 995 795 Flip n File 50 disk holder 22 15 Top quality w jackets no labels QUADRAM Amberchrome 12 Amber 250 165 TTX 1014 13 cps para ser p8 tr 3p 549 365 KENSINGTON Masterpiece 18M S140 99 90 day No hassle money back guarantee Quadchrome 12 RGB Color 69 495 1114 same as 1014 w T amp F 2c amp prop 599 439 System Saver Fan A iple 9 69 100 ea 35 Track Apple Atan 80 Quaachrome Il 14 AGB Color 650 450 NETWORK Wir
121. ad clock like a human pressing keys does the Randomize Timer really ran domize things Radioactive decay is an even better randomizer Hot and cold spots in the form of ir regular blotches without pattern are to be expected again as an expression of true randomness It is either a too smooth field or a regular pattern that in dicates nonrandom not pseudo ran dom behavior PHILIP A EKSTROM Shaw Island WA About the Sr Partner Your review of the Panasonic Sr Partner in your November issue con tains some technical inaccuracies that we would like to clarify for your readers The article mentioned that multi colored images put on the monochrome screen can look somewhat washed out This is misleading Any monochrome screen will exhibit that characteristic when displaying color information Further along it says Each drive holds 320K and each writes and reads data in IBM standard 9 sectors per track MS or PC DOS version 2 0 and above default to 360K storage with 9 sectors per track format The 320K for mat is an option 8 sectors per track to maintain downward compatibility with DOS version 1 xx The maximum capac ity is understated The problems the author encountered with dBase II and Friday are a function of the application software not hard ware or operating systems software The ability to input data to a newly created structure is possible at the end of the structure s creation
122. allel Interface List 699 00 Sale 349 00 Printer Typewriter Combination 299 00 JUKI Superb letter quality daisy wheel printer typewriter combination Two machines in one just a flick of the switch 12 extra large carriage typewriter keyboard automatic margin control and relocate key drop in cassette ribbon 90 day warranty centronics parallel or RS232 serial port built in Specify List 499 00 Sale 299 00 e 15 Day Free Trial 1 Year Immediate replacement Warranty PARALLEL INTERFACES For VIC 20 and COM 64 49 00 Commodore B 128 139 00 Apple 79 00 Atari 79 00 Add 1450 tor shipping handling and insurance Illinois residents pleosemdd 6 tax Add 29 00 for CANADA PUERTO RICO HAWAII ALASKA APO FPO orders Canadian orders must be in US dollars WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES Enclose Coshiers Check Money Order or Personal Check Allow 14 days tor delivery 2 to 7 doys for phone orders doy express mail VISA MASTER CARD We Ship COD toU S Aadresses Only COM STAR PLUS Print Example IOTECTO ENTERPRI ZES werovecuncusrowens BOX 550 BARRINGTON ILLINOIS 60010 Phone 312 382 5244 to order Circle No 39 on Free Information Card ABCDEFGH IJKLMNOP OR SS TUVWVZ ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ 1 234943564 7097 O NEW 128K MEGA BYTE DUAL DISK DRIVE 80 COLUMN COMPUTER SYSTEM SALE HOME BUSINESS e WORD PROCESSING LOOK AT ALL YOU GE
123. ally you manip ulate this environment in a simple con versational mode typing in simple words that Savvy is preprogrammed to respond to For example if you type lt ADD gt Savvy will respond ADD the to the prompting you to fill in the blanks In this case you could reply with either a constant or a variable name for exam ple lt DOGS gt or lt CATS gt To see the result you would type lt DIS PLAY gt and Savvy would respond DISPLAY the again waiting for you to fill in the blank In this case you could type lt SUM gt a reserved word used to hold the results of an add operation As experienced programmers we found this method of interacting with the system a bit cumbersome at first but eventually we adjusted to it and almost got to like it It certainly boosts the learning curve particularly for users new to computers In an attempt to underscore this user friendliness Savvy provides a special pattern recognition feature to catch sim ple typos and suggest the correct input For example if you had typed in lt DAD gt instead of lt ADD gt Savvy would have acted as though you had typed lt ADD gt Excalibur emphasizes this feature in its ads but in practice we found it to be of limited help and some times downright annoying PHOTOS BY STEVE BORNS Specifications are heise Pore EOI Product Savoy PG Mfg Excalibur Technology Corp 200 Rio Grande Blvd NW Suite 21
124. and only those files that have changed since the last backup will be sent to floppy The selective backup should take only a few minutes which isn t such a big penalty for peace of mind Large capaci ty floppy systems like IBM s 1 2M byte and Kodak Data Technology s 3 3M byte make this process even more convenient If the worst does happen just restore all the floppy backup disks to the re paired hard disk in the same order you made the backups the overall set first then the selective periodic updates in the order you made them Other Considerations Notice that different approaches to hard disk backup serve different needs One obvious method to keep copies of files current as they are changed is sim ply to use the standard copy features of your DOS to transfer the files you just changed to a floppy For people working with a relatively small number of files and on a limited range of jobs in any giv en day this method has some advan tages over standard hard disk backup routines It stores the backup file in a standard named directory format so that you can load the file on other ma chines or access it directly from the flop py Most backup routines lay down in formation in a special packed format that can only be accessed with separate restore software as it is put back on a hard disk That means hard disk me chanical problems that take a while to repair leave your backup files inac cessible until you get a
125. and IBM com puters an affordable way to integrate photographic quality images and rela tively high resolution graphics with their programs The suggested retail price for the Vid eo Display Adapter is 695 and for the Image Capture Board ICB is 1295 Add to that about 500 for a consumer quality color video camera and another 500 for an inexpensive analog RGB monitor and the total cost of the imag ing system less computer will be about 3000 This cost will put the system within the reach of many small and me dium sized businesses that have never before been able to afford graphics of this quality Potential Applications While no applications software for use with the VDA yet exists it is not difficult to envision several uses that will be easy to implement when the software is available Photographic Databases With the ICB and VDA an existing computer system could be used to create and ac cess a relational database of photograph ic images For example a database entry might contain one or more half or quar ter screen images accompanied by de scriptive text and keywords A realtor might use such a system to select properties for a client according to certain criteria and then to show pic tures of the results of the search A vid eodisc based system like this is already in Operation The ability to do the same thing using a portable VCR and AT amp T s boards would not only make such a ser vice
126. ar parts and labor 90 Days parts and labor None on hardware Software optional at 40 per call Nationwide Service Centers Support Lifetime no charge toll free hotline Standard The best in the industry Service Nationwide Service Centers Price 1995 Complete 3 110 Configured as basic Leading Edge PC Leading Edge Products Inc Systems and Software Division 225 Turnpike Street Canton MA 02021 800 343 6833 61 7 828 8150 IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Leading Edge is a trademark of Leading Edge Products Inc Circle No 20 on Free information Card
127. ard Mali Order Electronics Worldwide Mastercard ameco KEPCO TDK 4 OUTPUT SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY Apple Accessories 5 APPLE Direct Plug In Compatible Disk Drive and Controller Card The ADD 514 Disk Drive uses Shugart SA390 mechanics 143K formatted Storage 35 tracks Compatible with Apple Control ler amp ACC 1 Controller The drive comes complete with connector and cable just plug into your disk controller card Size 6 L x 3 2 W x 8 9 16 D Weight 4 lbs 169 95 ADD 514 Disk Drive ACC 1 Controller Card 49 95 More Apple Compatible Add Ons APF 1 Cooling Fan with Surge protection 39 95 KHP4007 Switching Power Supply 59 95 JE614 Numer c Aux Keypad for lle 59 95 KB A68 Keyboard w KeyDad for I amp ll 79 95 MON 12G 12 Green Monitor w swwel stand 99 95 JE864 iBOCol 64K RAM for lle 99 95 ADD 12 5 4 Half Height Disk Drive 179 95 2 ADDITIONAL APPLE ADD ONS AVAILABLE ARC 16KK 16 RAM Card tor Apple II 4 I AEB 2 EPROM Burner for Apple ll 1 amp e 69 95 Allows copy of standard EPROMS 2708 2716 2732 2764 ASSC P Super Serial Card for Apple Il 11 amp e 99 95 ADD lic 5 Hait Ht Disk Drive for Apple ic 189 95 A ge z im We Bes Documentation Buys Included MPt51S MPI 5 4 SS full ht
128. are and mailing about 10 million 100 discount coupons helped The net result lowered the price of a complete PCjr system to under 800 about 100 less than a comparably equipped Apple IIc and only about 300 more than a Commodore 64 system IBM and Apple have thus emerged as two of the players in a four way battle between them and Commodore and Atari the Japanese are still waiting in the wings with their MSX machines Neither IBM nor Apple has yet tapped the discount oriented mass merchandise chains that carry Commodore and Atari machines Rather they continue to sell through the traditional computer stores and selected department stores Howev er I expect they will change later this year MSX Update gt Several Japanese makers of consum er oriented personal computers last year introduced machines based on the Microsoft MSX operating system It ap pears that MSX has become a standard in Japan Now these companies are introducing disk based versions of these machines typically using the Sony 37 floppy disk storing about 360K bytes MSX DOS is file compatible with MS DOS and CP M Since these machines use the Z80 microprocessor they will run most CP M programs and allow access to most MS DOS ASCII files So far no U S manufacturer has intro duced an MSX machine However IBM is known to have purchased a large num ber of MSX machines for evaluation Marketing such a machine is a move IBM is considering
129. as Unix and Xenix on the Lisa A 512K RamStak is 1395 Expansion m 512K increments starts at 1000 Circle No 72 on Free information Card 94126 Super Lister Label Express is the name of a printer pro gram from Rolodex Corp designed to create labels address en Keyboard Capture When you test software one of the most frustrating events is finding a bug and then not remember ing the keystroke sequence that caused it CapBak rom Soft ware Research Associates claims to cut down the frustration It captures keystrokes and screens so that you can play back the session to see what actually happened The program resides in memory recording what happens and then dumping it to disk on command CapBak claims the company works as long as DOS internal conventions and assignments are not reodified by the program being tested For IBM PC XT 500 Address Software Research Assoc PO Box 2432 San Francisco CA velopes or print out Rolodex cards It combines a simple file manager with a print utility so you can sort search merge or edit a list of names and select those that you want to print The program says the company lets you lay out the labels cards etc in any form you want For the IBM PC XT and compatibles of Apple Ile two disk drives 64K RAM 49 95 Circle No 78 on Free Information Card Keyless Disk It s sometimes inconvenient to use a software program that requires a key or system d
130. asks and functions from the keyboard This ca pacity makes it possible to protect pro orietary software A user can also define a startup task to be invoked immedi ately after Savvy is called from DOS which in effect permits the creation of a turnkey system Savvy and DOS Savvy functions semi independently from DOS storing its vocabulary and all user data in a single DOS file with its own self contained structure called a data environment file In fact it s pos sible for the user to create one or more versions of Savvy starting with the base vocabulary of 250 words and adding to each a set of customized tasks functions and data to be saved in a separate envi ronment file As intended this makes creating custom applications a breeze Using Savvy for any serious database applications requires a hard disk You choose the environment file to work with by entering its name when Savvy is started If you specify a new file it will be created and initialized in the Starting environment which occupies around 48K of disk space Savvy already comes with an environment file called DATABASE SVY which contains the pro grams for its database manager As with any environment file DATABASE SVY can be copied and the copies can be tai lored to meet the needs of specific appli cations A potential disk space problem with this type of file structure becomes appar ent when you take a look at the directory of Savvy
131. attempt to up date the same data at the same time If you already own a computer you or your consultant should check the speci fications of a multi user package to be sure that it works with your hardware Computers amp Electronics Taking Care of Hard Disks Continued from page 54 tion to and from the disk surface don t actually touch the media as they do in floppy drives rather they ride very close to the surface on a cushion of air The clearance between the head and the me dium is typically 12 to 15 micro inches millionths of an inch or less That means that even very tiny foreign parti cles inside the air plenum with the plat ters can damage the heads or media If parts of the drive inside the plenum have to be repaired or replaced extreme care must be taken to avoid chamber contamination Clean rooms generally are rated as class 10 000 1000 and 100 The smaller the number the cleaner the room Class 1001s the minimum requirement for working on the sealed chamber of a disk drive The filters in a class 100 system remove particles as small as 0 3 microns mil lionths of a meter or about 12 micro inches Obviously opening the bubble outside a clean room is sure to bring you trouble including voiding any warranties Typical service costs that include opening the bubble run from about 250 to 450 for a 5M or 10M byte drive Figure anywhere from 160 to 310 if 7r m Mi T aa a 4 eat gs
132. be easy for the operator and that there be no obstacles to correcting typographical and other errors The only way to assess this aspect of a system is to try it If the data entry system is good you should be able to learn to enter data easily within half an hour Recovery from System Failures The accompanying article identifies several procedures that are prone to problems when the system fails during their opera tion In general steps that process batch es Of data must be able to be restarted without complication if they fail to com plete for whatever reason Examples of these kinds of Operations are posting a batch of general ledger journal entries generating purchase orders for back or dered items or calculating gross pay and withholdings for payroll Interface to Word Processors and Spreadsheets Some systems have the ability to send reports of fragments of them to word processor and spreadsheet programs for any special formatting pre sentations or analysis you may require OST prospective users need M knowledgeable consultants to help them select and install ac counting systems and to provide them with training and ongoing support Even an accountant or a computer consultant should probably seek the advice of an other expert when automating just as a wise lawyer hires another attorney to represent him or her in court The cost of hiring a consultant to analyze the changes required and to program t
133. be used to generate custom charac ters Several of these companies make machines that support HPGL Hewlett Packard Graphics Language one of the most popular plotter languages The programs in the accompanying listings are given in HPGL but they can be re vised for other plotter languages Almost any computer with an appro priate interface can control an xy plotter Depending upon the capacity of the plot Fig 1 A smoothly drawn custom letter S left and a standard letter S both drawn by an HP7470A xy plotter ter s internal buffer memory the data transmission speed and the existence of two way communications it may be necessary to insert time delay loops or other special features in your plotter programs Otherwise once you deter mine the proper communications proto col for your combination of computer and plotter learning to use a plotter is relatively painless The plotter driver programs given be low which are written in Microsoft BA SIC were developed on a TRS 80 Model 100 for a serial connected Hewlett Packard HP7470A xy plotter The com pact size of the Model 100 makes it ideal for use with a plotter particularly since the price of the 8K version of this porta ble computer is now under 400 All the programs that follow can be easily revised for other computers par ticularly those that use Microsoft BA SIC The major difference will be the communications protocol If you use
134. density drives use tracks only about 700 micro inches wide there is little room for error With the ST 506 in terface there isn t much that can be done about this problem except careful engi neering design with components tolerant of temperature variations To reduce the chance of losing data because of bearing wear and other me chanical factors many hard disk users periodically reformat the disk and re write all the data from backup media Doing this ensures that all information is laid down within present hardware tolerances and takes into account any mispositioning that may have occurred with hardware age A more precise method of positioning is a closed loop servo which uses in formation either between track sectors or on a separate surface dedicated to ser vo information to tell the positioning mechanism how far from an exact posi Read write heads move across concentric tracks of recording surface TRACKS tion itis Then small incremental adjust ments can be made to position the read write head exactly on the desired track even if mispositioning has oc curred This scheme is more costly than the dumb interfaces more common in today s 10M byte drives and it is poten tially slower because of the extra pro cessing time required for repositioning which also makes it incompatible with the ST 506 standard Picking a Drive Subsystem The more you learn about hard drive construction the harder
135. depended on the contents of a row in a specific column There is a drawback however Although I have no basis for comparison the project seemed slow I have another criticism too Cre ating projects would be easier if one were able to see the worksheet while creating the commands Innovative Software promises to solve this problem in a fu ture release but even in its present form the Project Processing capability is very uset ana easy to use a m a E A K lt Summing Smart Up The Smart System is still a developing product Innovative Software has a poli cy of providing registered users with free software updates for a year A new ver sion of the software was distributed fall 1584 and a major revision is scheduled for early this year The 1985 update will include a communications package and expanded memory paging for speeding up the system Also planned is a spelling checker I think that Innovative Software 1s certainly correct in its claim that each of the modules in the Smart System 1s more full featured than its counterpart in a more integrated package The main ad vantage of more integrated packages 1s the capability of asking what if ques tions and displaying graphical results dynamically on the screen Nonetheless I think that the Smart System modules are worthy of consideration if you are in the market for any or all of the appacatiuns L Earn Your interaction clean up PS g me
136. drop on de mand system using the subtractive pri mary system along with black to pro duce the seven basic colors Print rates for the PJ 1080A vary ac cording to the type of printing For ex ample it prints in draft quality at 37 cps with any single color Using bold print drops the rate to 16 cps about the speed of some daisy wheels The difference in print speed occurs because the print head has only four noz zles These are uniformly spaced in a sin gle horizontal row yellow magenta cyan black Since the full range of colors requires mixing dots must be placed on top of each other to produce red blue or green If for instance a green dot is needed the printer must place a yellow drop and a cyan drop in precisely the same spot on the paper Because the magenta nozzle is be tween the yellow and cyan the sequence for printing green is different for each di rection If the print head moves left to right the cyan nozzle reaches the de sired position first followed by magenta and then yellow Printing right to left the situation reverses Thus the printer must know which direction it is travers ing and the color makeup of the dot it is creating The Canon PJ 1080A has enough flexibility and versatility to satisfy al 70 The Xerox drop on demand ink jet is similar in operation to an oil can Ink is pulsed out by a transducer electrically energized The unique print head ink bladder design of HP
137. e ment system for the hard disk Conclusions The Qubi is an outstanding value and I recommend it highly It adds speed and significant storage capacity to an IBM PC system at a moderate cost It s fairly easy to set up although the proce dure might intimidate a novice If the Qubi is typical of the inexpen sive hard disks coming on the market we ll soon see one in every PC Se M i Computers amp Electronics rie m TORT fe E ah What can you with electronics Ask CIE Computer technology Satellite communi Let us get you started today Just call toll cations Cable television Cellular radio Digital free 1 800 362 2155 in Ohio 1 800 362 2105 electronics Robotics The hottest careers in or mail in the handy reply coupon below electronics And CIE can get you started or card to Cleveland Institute of Electronics By teaching you the basic theory and prin 1776 East 17th Street Cleveland Ohio 44114 ciples of how they work Why CIE Because we re the leader in m nm c ELI ME specialized electronics education with over 25 000 students With over 50 years of proven World Headquarters experience teaching electronics without Cleveland Institute of Electronics s Inc classroom sessions And with plenty of hands on practical experience using our specialized _ Please send me your CIE C mpus Studies Catalog MAIL TODAY PE 33
138. e SILICON RECTIEI Nt das 6 2x0 tem em om Om 4m ed ae 2 es L4 aso as P UE nsi 1 o 3 170 45 F p e M 28056 428 670 6570 C228 485 374 de pathos 400 3 M 3060 60 5 67 4 P4506 42 EX 5 MJES20 75 MIO CENE Ma DAS 4153 400 JA 5 p 9n MJES2 B6 Bus cu HUS amp C331 525 0 dif any y MIER a 35 70 0 35 B30 8060 C335 610 9 P4508 039 400 34 d itaga chs 38 72 C436 B35 8070 C336 610 591 P4509 0047 400 34 R wee S 4080 C440 B90 8710 C340 655 6427 P4610 400 03 34 R Mea ES 44 88 Cas 995 9890 C3aA 740 7250 200 a a 5 E 50 100 C450 1090 10750 C350 750 X ee i Cet Me Deep Pig 18 d 1000 Iason nooo ee Foe Polen Kevs Order P A EU 2 uA x s el Si ni L 23 E rr edu Smeal osi 2 H4 SERIES 156 x 200 4000834 Handie w 3 00 f mesz290 73 E o 400 IU CER RC pu Bm cane 25 DGEBOARD CONNECTORS m re 1 2 A004 1 Amp 400 PN poat eo 190 50 00 588 00 Freue OeMacme Part Moa Pan No 400 15 49 4 Hi 14005 1 Ame 800 PI 0041 1 00 300 7400 61500 rosam EE M 7 T oil 7 e p E o 184906 1 Amo BOOP DOA 1 00 800 60 00 66100 lues3s67 1020 C110 255 2380 C210 411 38 3224 a 22 0731 3 AT513 184007 1 Amp 1000 D04 150 1200 10000 710 00 Bp 3565 ES 12 25 Cim 280 2780 427 200 69 18 73 E 7 4 1 64148 Uitra Fant 004 60 500 3200 27880 23 15 30 C1 15 303 2828 C2 15 47 0552 a WD 323 ue e 47835 BA 5 80 MPSA 23 E Wes WEX Lai 439a 400 a 82 5848 5262 Switching Dee MPS3641 B 36 Ct 8 327 3 82 C2 18 5 07 47 82 4474 400 Gt RA R X L T c LIND t4 eque PS36 23 2244 C
139. e 3 was also drawn by the pro gram in Listing 2 but to a different scale The superimposed grid which is identi cal to the rough grid I used while plan ning the characters when the program was written was drawn by adding the following routine to the program 1000 DRAW GRID 1010 FOR X 0 TO XX 1020 PRINT 1 SP2 PA X O PON axa YN PU 1030 NEXT X 1040 FOR Y 0 TO YY 1050 PRINT 1 PA0 Y we pM XX Y wp Fig 3 This results when Listing 2 is run with a modified scale from Fig 1 and the addition of a superimposed grid routine Computers amp Electronics m a a TU YA P s A gt i J o SE uu 5 P j Tre O WE er dia et LA EPA it cocte a fraton of Ge price pine compet as 7 4 1 3l dt ous Un ma E X dni T DER the first optical ch first o aracter reader designed and priced for small computers You can transfer material directly from the typed page to the screen of your computer without ever touching the keyboard And because the OMNI READER uses a standard RS232 serial port hookup it interfaces easily with your computer The technology is revolutionary But what is most revolutionary is the price under 500 Find out more about the Oberon OMNI READER Dial 800 2 OBERON In Texas 214 446 9567 Circle No 30 on Free Information Card apt l ane af bran Y Are y I4 M tes idt era sed pio JB INTERNATIONAL
140. e Is incomplete however in that subdirectories and path following commands are not allowed If you ve never worked with a tree structured system you might not miss the absent features However in the long run the advantages of such advanced designs might make your hard disk sys tem so much more efficient that it s worth considering a newer operating system All of IBM s operating systems TAKING CARE OF YOUR HARD DISK ODAY S hard disk drives are a lot INS than they used to be Most 5 Winchesters don t need any maintenance or oiling but they do need to be kept off some bumpy roads Here are some tips for proper pre ventive maintenance and service that will save you time and money Preventive Maintenance 1 Don t move the drive while the plat ters are rotating The most common mistake is moving the drive during start up or shut down while the heads are starting to fly freely over the disk surface or while they re landing Even a minor bump at this time can cause the heads to touch the disk surface and gouge the medium perma nently You ll lose any data residing on the disk at the point of contact and you won t be able to use that portion of the disk for storage again A good rule is to wait at least 1 minute after shutting off the drive before trying to move it 2 Avoid forces in excess of 20 g After rotation stops head crashes sometimes termed head slaps can be caused by forces over 20 g
141. e characters in several different fonts Creating Pictures Because the VDA departs from exist ing technologies few ways of creating images for it currently exist AT amp T does provide demonstration software pro grams and tools written in the C pro gramming language to companies devel oping hardware and software products based on the VDA Additional sources of images for the VDA include remote databases which can be accessed with the AT amp T NAPLPS North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax videotex decoder Or live or recorded video images can be stored using AT amp T s Image Capture Board ICB The ICB is a video digitizer that can capture and display continuous tone television quality images from any con ventional composite video source Like the VDA its resolution is limited to 256 X 256 pixels of which 200 pixels are displayed vertically Each pixel can be drawn directly from the full 32 768 color palette so storing the captured image re quires 128K bytes of on board RAM This digitized image can be translated by AT amp T supplied software to VDA format The program scans the image determines how many colors it contains and selects the 256 predominant ones It then creates a color table and another file containing the index information for 84 use by the VDA Software is also available to compress or decompress image size and even to manipulate the picture all the way down to changing the colo
142. e hard questions like whether or not you need a computer and can be count ed on to come up with hard answers like yes If you score at least 50 you re proba bly still all right Turn around and head for the cash register the clerk will talk you through the paying part We ve held up our end and given you all the help you need so if you don t wind up with a really good book you ve got nobody to blame but yourself Next time we ll tell you how to pick which computer magazine to subscribe to cause it s dizzying array out there a real jungle Meantime HAPPY PRECOMPUTING Computers amp Electronics _ _ __ MMMM Accounting Software Continued from page 66 look for software that allows you to set limits for each customer but allows you to override the limit if you so desire Professional Billing If you sell ser vices rather than products many of the systems on the market will be inade quate especially if you want the system to print invoices Most systems rigidly insist on structuring billing items in terms of quantity sold and price rather than time spent and rate In such cases your invoices will look embarrassingly inappropriate Billing for medical services presents special complications because of the need to handle insurance billing and re imbursements Generic accounting sys tems do not come close to addressing these problems If your organization proffers medical servic
143. e in U S A Custom sizes 15VA 3 000VA at 50 60 Hz 40 standard transtormers with 117V 60Hz primaries In stock tor 20VA 40VA 70VA tOOVA 150VA MOVA BOOVA Call or write for data sheets Secondarles Price Each Size Votts Amps 1 2 4 5 24 20VA 2x8 5V 1 18A 2430 2040 17 90 2 4 2x12V 83A 24 30 2040 17 90 t 2x15V 67A 2430 2040 17 90 Whe 2x 18V 56A 24 30 2040 17 90 2x24V 42A 24 30 20 40 17 90 Multivoltage 29 30 25 20 22 40 24V 4 15A 29 10 24 80 22 10 2x8 5V 5 8A 30 00 25 70 23 00 2x12V 4 15A 3000 2570 23 00 Wt 2 2 Ibs 2x15V 3 3A 3000 25 70 23 00 2x18V 2 BA 3000 25 70 23 00 Multivoltage 3700 3250 29 50 600VA 220V 2 73A 64 90 55 00 49 00 OD 5 5 2x24V 12 5A 65 90 50 00 H 2 4 2x30V 10 0A 65 90 y 50 00 W1 8 2 tbs 2x33V 9 1A 65 30 50 00 2x38V 7 9A 65 90 50 00 Dual secondaries may be used separately In parallel or in serios For 5Y and 12V or SY and 15V regulated DC Termo VISA MASTERCARD COD or money ordera UPS charges added TOROID CORPORATION OF MARYLAND 301 464 2100 6000 Laurei Bowie Ad Bowie MD 20715 4037 CIRCLE NO 112 ON REE INFORMATION ARD MICROSETTE 5 4 Inch DISKETTES Single or double sided all double density SSDD DSDD in box es ITEM 10 PACK 50 PACK SSDID 15 00 70 00 DSDD 20 00 90 00 CASSETTES Error free computer grade With label and box 7 50 32 50 9 00 39 00 11 00 50 00 15 00 70 00 USA California customers add taxes M
144. e or both dimensions simply by altering the plotter s scale under pro gram control or via the front panel switches The principal disadvantage of this method is that the characters cannot be made to respond to the commands that manipulate the dimensions direc tion and slant of the plotter s label instructions The second method is to use the HPGL user character UC command The resulting characters can then be ma nipulated exactly as if they were a part of the plotter s standard character set In other words they can be slanted and printed in various directions and sizes The chief drawback of this method is that generating smooth curves is made difficult since it s not possible to embed circle and arc commands within the user character instruction Creating Characters with Smooth Curves The letter S has more curves than any other letter of the alphabet Figure 1 shows a smoothly drawn S and a seg mented version drawn by a plotter When the letters are reduced in size the harsh appearing segments of the S on the right are somewhat less objection able in part because the width of the line becomes much larger in proportion to the overall size of the letter Neverthe less it would be nice to generate a smoothly drawn S with a plotter Computers amp Electronics Lowest Price In The USA Ara Computer System Sale e Students Word Processing e Home Business z 54 2 9 2831
145. e program s vo cabulary Unlike most database manag ers Savvy does not require that data be preclassified by length or by type such as real numbers integers characters etc Further Savvy provides several functions to edit and transform informa tion so that it can be accepted and dis played in a variety of formats Continued on page 34 Computers amp Electronics e Pa ee a re dis ta bmc BASF QUALIMETRIC FLEXYDISKS A GUARANTEED LIFETIME OF OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE BASF Qualimetric FlexyDisks feature a unique lifetime warranty firm assurance that the vital information you enter on BASF FlexyDisks today will be secure and unchanged tomorrow Key to this extraordinary warranted performance is the BASF Qualimetric standard a totally new set of criteria against which all other magnetic media will be judged You can count on BASF FlexyDisks because the Qualimetric standard reflects a continuing BASF commitment to perfection in magnetic media One example is the unique two piece liner in our FlexyDisk jacket This BASF feature traps damaging debris away from the disk s surface and creates extra space in the head access area for optimum media head alignment The result is a guaranteed lifetime of outstanding performance For information security that bridges the gap between toaey and tomorrow look for the distinctive BASF package with the Qualimetric seal Call 800 343 4600 for the
146. e separate subordi nate directories under them for different types of data Again such categorizing reduces file access time and helps you vi sualize the organization of stored files As hard disk use is becoming more economical and popular a number of companies are producing utility soft ware to make it easier to use the expand ed storage and associated operating sys tem features It sometimes is difficult for example to visualize the relation Continued on page 56 thing you can do is to ship your drive in a wooden box and bolt it down This type of packing transfers all dropping forces directly to the drive causing head slap and surface damage Correct packing should consist of a large box at least 16 on a side for 5 drives with soft foam to protect the drive Factory packing fre quently consists of a box within a box the inner box suspended on soft foam legs or frames Some operating systems offer utility software to park the heads before shipping If you have access to such software use it but remember this procedure doesn t take the place of prop er packaging Service Most dealers provide some degree of service They can for example replace circuit boards cables and plugs and re pair power supplies If the drive mal functions the controller board power supply cables and other external com ponents should always be checked first and your local dealer probably can test these for you When it
147. e using the hard disk suggests the manufacturer you should format it into sectors even though it is preformat ted at the factory Qubi provides a utili ty for doing it called Qubi fmt Other wise you partition the disk and format it for PC DOS with the usual PC DOS util ities Fdisk and Format Qubi also provides an interactive command system or visual shell called dir that simplifies the use of the PHOTO BY BOB LORENZ disk operating system Though it makes the system easier to use you do not re quire it to usethe hard disk Oneofits nic er features is letting you perform multiple file tasks for example selecting a group offiles to be copied toa floppy for backup Performance The Qubi hard disk though inexpen sive is not cheap in any other respect We used it for over two months and found it to be fast and reliable The autoboot function is a particular conve nience that even some more expensive units lack Documentation The disk comes with a 29 page user s guide The guide is straightforward clear and filled with photographs that lead you by the hand through the instal lation procedures In addition there is a short booklet that describes the use of the dir software It is also well written and easy to understand Another pam phlet that comes with the unit cannot be classified as documentation but will be appreciated It has eight pages of helpful suggestions on developing a file manag
148. ear Factoria Square SE of Highw are a subscriber Reciplent of 1984 OREGON BUS NO SALES TAX 503 620 9878 Satuntsy 10AM to 4PM PST WEEKDA YS ONLY BAM here is 9AM in New York FOR TH ARD DISK DRIVES MASSES Offering more storage and better throughput than floppies hard disks have become surprisingly affordable NE computer industry trend is clear Whether you own a com puter or you d like to own one you re already thinking about fast large capacity external storage Today that means a fixed hard disk drive The so called Winchester technology has been around since the 1960s on large expensive computer systems but in the past few years the devices have gotten smaller and cheaper until now everybody wants one It s easy enough to see why A 5Y floppy disk device commonly stores 300 400K bytes of data and transfers infor mation to and from the disk at 300 000 to 500 000 bits sec bps A hard disk drive can put 10M 20M or more bytes in the same physical space uses the same power and can transfer data at 5 million BY TOM BADGETT bits sec or faster Five or six years ago such a device cost 4000 but today the average price of a no frills unit with 10M bytes of storage is under 1000 Convenience is another reason that hard disks are so desirable Even if you regularly use only four or five separate software packages it is a real joy to be able to ca
149. ed keys 26 pin header connector Color white Size 18 L x 6 W x 1 4 H Spec inciuded KB8201 1700avait 29 95 eB Ap Apple Keyboard and Case Ple tor Apple Il and Il Owne r Apple ll and Il s Keyboard 68 keys 15 key keypad Direct con nection with 16 pin ribbon connector 26 special naa functions Size 142 L x 5 2 W x 1 2 H FUNCTIONS Case Accommodates KB A68 Pop up htd for easy access Fits power Supply and motherboard too Part No Description Size 157 Wx 18D x 4 H Pnce KB EA1 Apple Keyboard and Case pictured above 134 95 KB A68 68 Key Apple Keyboard only 79 95 EAEC 1 Expanded Apple Enclosure Case Only POWER SUPPLIES Power Mate Corp REGULATED POWER SUPPLY Input 105 125 210 250 VAC at 47 63 Hz Line regulation 70 0596 Three mounting surfaces Overvoltage protection UL recognized CSA certified Part No Output Su _ Weight Prce EMA5 6B 5V93A 6V62 5A 4 x4Wx2 H 2ips 29 95 EMA5 6C 5V96A 6V65A 5 Lx4 s Wx2 aH 4Ibs 39 95 Ideal for disk drive needs of CRT terminals microcomputers and video games input 115 230VAC 50 60Hz Output 5V 5 Amp 12V amp 1 8 Amp 12V 2 Amp 12V 0 5 Amp UL recognized gt CSA certified Size 7 L x 6 3 16 W x 158 H Weight 2 Ibs 59 95 each or MRM 174KF 2 for 99 95 Switching Power Supply for APPLE tl H amp lle
150. eed all the information available and we deliver just that If you re upgrading with memory boards sf CREATIVE COMPUTING veo 7 7 will help you choose the ES ones that meet your needs and budget When youre using word processors we provide you with April 1985 errr YE o arg NEW PRINTER POINTER SHEDS LIGHT ON PAGE PROBLEMS Florida Data s newest dot matrix printers now come with a red light emitting diode LED attached to the print a i Irt 1234 Any Y Town U 5 A z FLORIDA TIDAL NEW PRODU head The LED throws a spot of light on the paga at the bot tom of the next character line to be printed The new feature should make it easy to align preprinted forms er any paper before doing any printing Circle No 71 on Free Information Card Stren 56 89 gt 7 CTS core 2M BYTE LISA RAM BOARD The new RamStak single slot memory expansion board from AST Research can add up to 2M bytes to the Apple Lisa The product uses 256K DRAMS and is available as a 512K 1M 1 5M or 2M l board AST officials say they ie kaag gt 1 h gt gt 0 Li LI i 1 L s A M F hs L b LI e ifm D 1 D s 3b LTEM hope their product will help breathe new life into the Lisa and spark multi user applications and operating systems such
151. eiree 4 outlet w flt amp surge 7 39 250 ea 35 Track Apple Atan 199 Quadscreen 17 968x512 w cable Hi Res 51995 1595 PLOTTERS PERFECT DATA Head Cleaning Kit 16 12 1000 ea 35 Track Apple Atari 750 ZENITH ZvM122 12 Amber S 159 95 AMDEK Ampiot Il 6 pen 10x 14 1099 899 PROD TECH INT L Uninteruptable Power Supply 100 ea 48 Track IBM H P 95 7VM123 12 Green 149 89 200 Watts PC200 for BM PC 499 39 250 ea 48 Track IBM H P 229 74M 24 12 Amber 200 149 PRINTER SUPPLIES 300 Watts XT300 for IBM XT 359 279 1000 ea 48 Track IBM H P 829 7 135 12 Color 5 599 499 Paper Ribbons Daisy Wheels CALL 800 Watts AT800 for BM AT 72 Ibs CALL CONROY 3 MAIL TO 12060 SW Garden Pisca Portisnd OR 97223 Include your telephone number double LAPOINTE s NAME i ORDERING INFO amp TERMS check your figures for Shipping Insurance and Handling SIH All items usually in Stock CREDIT CARD gt MO 6 0 0 Cashiers checks money orders Fortune 1000 checks and government checks honored immediately Persona and other company checks allow 20 days to A ap cleat Prices 1eliact S cash A Conroy LaPoinie Credit Card discount so ADD 3 to above prices lo VISA MasterCard Amencan Express Your cards NOT charged til we Send me a Conroy LaPointe I lt lt ship Add StH CHARBES U S Mainland 3 5 miremum for standaid UPS ground UPS Biue 6 10 minimum lor U S Postal APO or FPO 6 10 minimu
152. either for the Continued on page 83 Computers amp Electronics Fast Cash For Your Slow odem During Hayes Modem Trade Up Days Now through April 30 1985 If your old modem is costing you too much in time and telephone charges now s the time to trade up to the industry leader Hayes Smartmodem 1200 operates with the IBM PC and many other per sonal computers including Macintosh and Hayes Smartmodem 1200B plug in board modem for the IBM PC and compatibles Cash saving rebate During Hayes Modem Trade Up Days bring in your old modem any speed any make to a participating dealer And Hayes will send you a cash rebate when you pur chase a new Smartmodem 1200 If your used modem is a Hayes we ll send you 50 if its some other brand we ll send you 25 It s that simple What s more we ve just reduced the price of Smartmodem 1200 and 1200B so you ll actually save two ways Get cn line with the leader Don t miss this special opportunity to cramatically increase the speed pr performance of your communications While cashing in on some great savings from Hayes the telecomputing leader Call right away for the name of your nearest participating dealer And get fast cash for your slow modem 1 800 255 2550 In the Continental U S Call 1 800 447 0890 in Alaska and Hawaii Remember Our modem trade up offer is only good through Y April 30th LI io X qm y pn Y dU So call today id A e y L wit
153. eo imaging DisCache Continued from page 30 board can be set in 21 different positions indicated in the manual to identify workstations as 1 21 Drawbacks While the unit performed beautifully I have a couple of minor quibbles First although the LED display reports error messages the documentation doesn t ex plain what significance they have or how to respond Fortunately the few error messages I received didn t seem to affect the opera tion of the system I was able to continue after they were displayed with no loss of data A list of error messages in the man ual would have been helpful in clearing up the user s confusion when one does appear on the display Second the print spooler had an an noying trait of sometimes pausing for about 30 seconds before printing out the last page of a document Although it s not a devastating flaw it is frustrating At no point however did the spooler ever lose anything Summary DisCache CacheNet isn t the cheap est hard disk on the market see spec box but considering all you re getting I conclude it s priced fairly The system certainly performed well under heavy use for the several months that I tested it It never lost data it gave me low cost networking and its print spooling and superfast access speed saved me lots of time The unit is as much at home with us ers who seek the mass stora
154. ept 624 Montvale NJ 07645 100 000 YEARLY Assemble PROFESSIONAL GIANT SCREEN PROJECTION TV s Don t be fooled by imita tions Build the best with tenses and screens utilized by Sony Zenith Sylvania and Magnavox Simple con struction illustrated information and complete parts catalog 2 00 Money back guarantee POLIVISION 187 Y Cypress St Throop Pa 18512 WORD PROCESSOR PROFITS Earn up to 80 000 an nually at home or office 224 pages 16 00 Fires Inc 8430 Buckingham Dr El Cerrito CA 94530 MAKE EXTRA MONEY using your home microcomputer FREE DETAILS Send SASE to Information Box 25545 B Honolulu HI 96825 NET thousand Monthly with Home Computer Part Time Complete Business Plan 10 00 Unlimited Possibilities Glenn Koellisch P O Box 9017 Canton OH 44711 2 000 AND MORE POSSIBLE in your mailbox every day mailing envelopes No personal contact Complete de tails 2 00 Newsletter 221 6545 Addison Unit H Chi cago 60634 PROJECTION TV MAKE s assembling Projectors Easy Results comparable to 2 500 projectors Your to tal cost less than 20 00 PLANS 8 LENS amp Dealers in formation 17 50 Illustrated information FREE Macrocoma CHX Washington crossing Pennsylvania 18977 Creditcard orders 24 Hours 215 736 2880 1000 per month using your personal computer in your spare time Proven methods that work
155. ergy rapidly catches the lead drop This means the original spacing is re duced by the time the drops reach the paper They may even collide in mid air Such a collision is undesirable First it reduces resolution because the drops are twice as big as intended Second the col lision may alter the drop s direction and make it wobble distorting the shape of the ink spot Four Inks Equal Many Colors Color ink jet printers add another complexity a system similar to photo graphic color mixing Three subtractive colors yellow cyan and magenta are combined with black and three additional hues formed by mixing yellow with cyan green yel low with magenta red and cyan with magenta blue Additional colors are available by fur ther intermixing these seven colored dots Thus a red dot is created by over printing a yellow dot with a magenta dot or vice versa or orange is created by in terspersing yellow dots between the red dots The proximity of the red and yel 69 Ink Jet Printers low dots causes the eye to see orange red yellow With more complex inter mixing a rich palette is possible The ad dition of black dots darkens the apparent hue Open spaces on white stock lightens it Thus a color ink jet can produce half tones by varying dot density and draw from a very large color palette Canon s PJ 1080A Color Ink Jet Printer Canon s PJ 1080A Color Ink Jet Printer is a bidirectional
156. es Continued from page 51 configured for multi user access with file and record locking More Intelligent Controllers and In terfaces Look for more intelligent con trollers and perhaps the end of a control ler standard as such Developers are tired of designing down to ST 506 and manufacturers want higher profits than they re getting with drive only sales The trend is to take all the controller functions off the external board the one inside the computer and move them April 1985 screens and report formats or to design processing steps etc It does provide what it calls a Database Manager that performs some of these functions but it is aot sufficiently flexible and does not m ke it easy to customize its output Most users would soon be frustrated with this approach and might seek to go back to programming from scratch Documentation and Support Savvy comes with a huge user s man ual some 580 pages in a 9 ring binder The manual was fairly readable and cer tainly comprehensive but like the prod uci was somewhat spotty offering ex tensive detail in some areas and not really enough in others Unfortunately it did not include an index We were able to figure out most of what we needed by thumbing through the reference section where the commands are listed in alpha betical order We think however that a novice would be rather daunted Excali bur does supply a separate and much shorte
157. es you ll need specialized billing software Interface to Other Modules Accounts receivable functions are often integrated with other functions notably order en try point of sale and inventory Point of sale systems for instance record a sale with the computer acting as a smart cash register A receipt is printed entries FREE SUBSCRIPTIONS TO At Apple Computing PC The Independent Guide to IBM Personal Computers TN Sj m The peepee Guide for are made to accounts receivable if the purchase is on credit and inventory is relieved Order entry systems allow sales or ders to be entered They usually print in voices and packing slips for items that have been ordered and are in inventory Some even automatically create pur chase orders to suppliers of ordered items that are not in inventory functions that are useful to companies that special ize in mail and telephone orders Ee cautious when purchasing off the shelf order entry software Your busi ness may process and prioritize orders in a unique way Some companies prefer not to ship until all items on the order are in inventory while some would rath er partially fill orders then fill the back orders when the remaining items are in stock Some prioritize on a first ordered first served basis while others assign priority levels to individual customers or individual orders Interface to General Ledger Integrat ed accounting pac
158. f the risks involve millions of dollars And then there is the compatibility question Can a non IBM compatible product sur vive in a Sargasso sea solid with clones But there is hope There are similar ities I think between the present micro computer climate and the history of automobile manufacturing In the early days of the mass produced affordable auto Henry Ford s 1905 Model T was the industry standard But by 1912 Cadillacs started appearing with the first electric self starters that made the hand crank and broken thumbs things of the past Later Oldsmobile introduced the first completely automatic transmis sion the legendary Hydramatic It did not take long before there were cars with features and options that were as desir able or even more desirable than Hen ry s any color as long as it is black ma chine So it may be with today s micro indus try MS DOS may indeed be the unlead ed gasoline deemed as the fuel of choice to power microcomputers IBM may be causing a chilling effect on small com panies trying to participate in the micro computer revolution But all of this 1s not meant to imply that just because a company is huge it cannot be innovative Ford did produce the incredibly popular Mustang IBM leads the desktop micro world with its powerful and extremely well regarded PC AT But my concern is whether peo ple who would have tried to develop new products are now daunted by the
159. f you want to see only the letters to Stanislov Bros in which you complained about the defec tive products you can specify a search request in which widget and defec tive appear within 10 words of each other or anywhere from within two to 30 000 words Searches can also include wild cards and so that if you ve for gotten how to spell Stanislov you can do a search for Stanis The search speci fications of wildcards of and or and not and of words within a certain number of words of each other may be mixed for nearly endless combinations to ferret out the most obscure reference The only limitation is that ZyINDEX does not do searches on what the manual calls noise words such as the were get and have which are not likely to be of help in a search anyway because they may be included in all text files ZyINDEX saves on disk shuffling too It does not search your original files Instead it searches a facsimile of your file that is created with one of its utility programs The program uses a special compression technique so that the equiv alent of 400 files averaging 700 words each a total of about 1680K bytes can be stored on a double sided double density floppy The exact number of files depends on the average length of the words and the frequency with which noise words are used The compressed files are stored on a separate index disk that can inc
160. factory than having a plug socket in the front of the computer as the Compaq D eskPro and the Leading Edge Personal Computer have The NCR PC Model 4 is supplied with a version of MS DOS 2 11 called NCR DOS and GW BASIC both from Microsoft a RAMDisk utility and two tutorial programs NCR Pal and NCR Tutor The former gives the neophyte computer user a good introduction to computer terminology and key hardware software and DOS concepts as well as a brief introduction to BASIC programming anc an overview of the more common types of applications programs NCR Tutor provides detailed lessons about MS DOS commands batch files and the DOS line editor Portability isn t one of the strong suits of this computer In deed at 54 5 lb for the processor and keyboard this 1s one of the heaviest of PC compatibles we ve seen However what it lacks in totability it makes up for in ease of setup Even a total newcomer to personal computers will probably find it simple to plug in the keyboard and power cord into their respective sockets and then turn on the power switch As stated earlier adding expansion boards to the PC Model 4 1s also quite simple Continued on page 82 April 1985 The Silver Fox Trots through Lotus like 1 2 3 The Silver Fox has always run hundreds of programs originally written for the IBM PC Now with its new compatible video board and GW Basic it runs the most popular and powerful software in microco
161. ff the shelf accounting packages are Michael Guttman and David Frankel are partners in Professional Computer Tech nologies a software development and consulting firm in Chico CA PHOTO BY DAVID ARKY sold on the premise that most small to medium sized businesses have much the Same accounting problems and that these can be solved by a generalized set of programs the same way that a word processor can ease the work of typists Unfortunately although most business es do have many accounting needs in common nearly all have requtrements peculiar to their industry or business For example methods of allocating various Overhead costs to expense ac counts vary so widely among firms that it is almost impossible to generalize about them Methods of accounting for and valuating inventory also differ con siderably Sometimes a firm is so accus tomed to doing things a certain way that its staff may not realize that their meth Computers amp Electronics All products include general ledger accounts payable and accounts receivable Business Library The Business Library Corp PO Box 9363 Walnut Creek CA 94598 800 221 1985 Includes payroll inventory sales order pur chase order tax planner time accounting fixed assets 350 895 per module Champion Business Accounting Champion Software Corp 17301 W Colfax Ave No 250 Golden CO 80401 303 278 8666 Includes payroll
162. free HTE America 7010A Tree Lane Madision WI 53717 COMPUTER PUBLICATIONS DISK DRIVE MANUAL Drive Alignments Pre ventive Maintenance Diagnostics Troubleshooting Repairs Without Special Expensive Software Equipment Comprehensive 19 90 Brochure 1 Consumertonics Co 2011 Crescent Alamogordo NM 88310 mi d SEND ren NR Or RE RUE Cc COMPUTER SELECTION MADE EASY Micros Minis Games Business Easy to follow guidelines and check lists for selecting the right hardware and software Com plete package 9 95 Cheques only Winton Evaluators Ltd 8113 Wiltshire Blvd Delta British Columbia Canada VAC 4B5 hacc Mc ELECTRONIC DIRECTORY 1500 manufacturers and distributors Lists products and key personnel sources for books periodicals and free pamphlets films and cata logue showing textbooks training aids lab manuals on electronics basic industrial T V and radio 19 95 or send 2 00 for details refundable CONSUMER MARKETING 240 N 100 W Logan Utah 84321 8091 752 0855 EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONAL programs publisher looking for original ideas for humorous situations relating to the data processing industry Will pay 50 for any idea used Reply P O Box 7287 Wilmington DE 19803 COMPUTER CLUBS ESA AI EM pass APPLE COMPATIBLE 215 64K COMPUTER 21 inter face boards 8 programs Learn where join Integrity Computer Club 555 Breckenridge Buffalo NY 14222 A
163. g vertical integra tion and cash Many retailers even though they have the resources to service what they sell won t help you with a drive controller combination purchased elsewhere Many mail order houses are selling qual ity subsystems that you install yourself but make sure the company will back the product One company recently offered a two year warranty on their subsystem but the company went out of business before the two years were up Computers amp Electronics i i e A LL M iii Some companies say they will get you a replacement within 48 hours of a prob lem Others promise to ship within 48 hours Sometimes you have to return the defective drive before a replacement will be sent Some companies make no war ranty beyond the one offered by the manufacturer If you re depending on your hard disk for important data you can t afford to be without it while you wrangle for warranty replacement More often than not when you try to save money you lose says R W Stallings president of Industrial Tech nologies a North Carolina consulting and design firm For a business user actual equipment cost is trivial You have to figure your time into the equa tion the time it takes to enter the data in the first place and the time you may lose when your disk goes down The Future Lower Prices High capacity fixed been predicting the demise of magnetic storage for years A more appea
164. g credits and Job Experience Fast inexpen sive Call 614 863 1791 Or write EVALUATION Box 13151 A4 Columbus Ohio 43213 LEARN WHILE ASLEEP HYPNOTIZE Astonishing de tails Strange catalog free Autosuggestion Box 24 ZD Olympia Washington 98507 EARN 800 WEEK Get your F C C Commercial Radi otelephone License at home Free details COMMAND D 100 Box 2223 San Francisco 94126 UNIVERSITY DEGREES Economical home study for Bachelor s Master s Doctorate Prestigious faculty counsels for independent study and life experience cred its Free information Richard Crews M D Harvard President Columbia Pacific University 1415 Third St Dept 2D53 San Rafael CA 94901 Toll Free 800 227 1617 Ext 480 California 800 772 3545 Ext 480 MUSIC THEORY SOFTWARE and Keyboard for Apple lle Commodore 64 Atari Includes chords scales in tervals others Musictron 11918 Vance Jackson San Antonio Texas 78230 512 696 1973 FOR INVENTORS INVENTORS IDEAS HAVE VALUE Ever think of an idea forget it and see it later on the market Many people don t forget act quickly and are rewarded by American Industry Write down your idea We offer free disclosure registration and initial consultation regarding your idea s potential value Call or write without delay for your free intor mation package AMERICAN INVENTORS CORPORATION 82 Broad St Dept CE Westfield MA 01086 413 568 3753 A
165. g system share the same address area and a form of bank switching selects which is active at any given time The unusual RARAM makes the VDA and its companion Image Cap ture Board discussed below extremely fast particularly when compared to conventional computer video inter faces and cuts down the microproces sor time that must be devoted to process ing the VDA image The 16 bit values in the color map pointed to by the RARAM are sent to a Color Map Interpreter which converts them into three separate 5 bit values Each value specifies one of the 32 possi ble intensities for the red green and blue elements of each pixel A digital to ana log converter translates these 5 bit val ues into voltages that are sent to an ana log RGB display or to a composite video generator and thence to a composite video monitor The leftover 16th bit in each color map byte can be used to generate a signal for the host computer s processor so that any pixel on the screen can issue a system interrupt For instance a pixel anywhere on the screen can issue an in terrupt to display a menu or anything Continued on page 84 One of the 256 double byte words making up the VDA color map Each primary color is represented by 5 bits ODD BYTE ptr EN April 1985 PHOTO BY STEVE BORNS which permits 32 intensity levels for each _ e 5 5 e 63 AND ANDITING
166. g the same file in several directories Programs such as Locate and File Facili ty from IBM enhance DOS s file search ing abilities Locate will search all de vices and directories for specific files or groups of files specified with wild card characters and show you the correct path to each file File Facility enhances the PC DOS Path command so that the operating system will look for any file in the specified path making it easier to store application programs separately from data files that you may want to group by category DOS front end software is available at varying levels of sophistication Some products simply provide a menu of DOS commands so you can use DOS without learning all about it Others provide a plethora of utilities for hard disk file maintenance including a graphic tree directory utility Experienced users probably won t find the menu variety packages particu larly helpful because even if you ve never used a hard disk before all you need is a little practice to make it work efficiently Programs that draw hierarchical direc tories On the screen or printer are helpful for anyone however because they give an instant picture of what s on the disk and how to get to it Jim Harlan Cogi tate president believes directory man agement is the hardest part of learning to use a hard disk As the directories grow performance is degraded and you don t realize it he says The hier archical director
167. ge the in creased speed and the spooler as with users who want an inexpensive and very efficient multi user system It also offers the possibility of such diverse computers as an IBM PC a compatible and an NEC APC sharing data files easily A few features that are scheduled for release in the near future will increase the functionality of DisCache even further These include partitioning software which will allow MS DOS and CP M to be resident concurrently on disk and an enhanced backup facility called Disk back for incremental backup According to Eicon Diskback will make it easy to back up only material changed since your last backup a big time saving that you will certainly ap preciate if you have ever backed up a hard disk before Does DisCache do all that it claims It does Does it take care of my entire hard ware wish list Well almost If I only had the 20M byte unit with a laser printer All in all DisCache is a product to be highly recommended Computers amp Electronics Digitized Video Continued from page 62 disk can only hold five such images A 20M byte hard disk though could con tain over 350 frames and the prices of these drives are approaching 1000 Furthermore a full frame image will not always be necessary Half or quar ter frame pictures will suffice for many applications and image files can be made smaller using data compression techn
168. gh color resolution images are nearly identical on both and no benefit accrues from using the more expensive analog RGB monitors with it In fact the AT amp T VDA was designed with the limited capabilities of the ordinary color television set in mind hence its spatial resolution limit of 256 horizontal lines AT amp T s Video Display Adapter foreground and Image Capture Board background constitute a reasonably 60 paced RESE for high quality video digitization and storage La cd xt e LI Li y s al m Y i a 4 A endi ox amp EL qua ii A M SU ua 1 me deas ET putt m et PHOTO BY BOB LORENZ Computers amp Electronics Few home television sets can do better than that Because the VDA creates what is es sentially an analog signal its output is not compatible with that of the IBM Per sonal Computer Color Display which has a TTL level digital input Further more the VDA s sync signals are invert ed with respect to those required by the IBM display The on screen performance of the VDA is impressive Although a range of only 256 colors might seem restrictive the demonstration images provided by AT amp T are rich in a variety of hues al most picture postcard perfect Contour ing an abrupt change from one bright ness level or color to another is nearly undetectable The different colors and intensities blend together so well that it s nea
169. gineers Planar Systems and Interstate Electronics displays and perhaps infinitely better than the Plas maGraphics and NEC etc displays I am becoming increasingly annoyed by the apparent advantage that the press gives to IBM I know that it is difficult to give equal time to the minority candi dates but please try We will all be bet ter served if there is fair competition be tween the computer products producers The press has an extremely critical role in this regard and has an important obli gation to both the readers and the competitors C ALFRED SPENCER Framingham MA Reversed 1000 I have been an avid reader of your magazine for several years and always enjoyed its excellent content It is infor mative and interesting However I did notice an error in your December issue that I would like to call to your atten tion In the review of the Radio Shack Model 1000 on page 71 the photograph has been reversed or flopped JoHN P SMITH Ellsworth AFB SD Correction In the sidebar about on line systems entitled The Big Four Feb 1985 the number of subscribers to the Dow Jones News Retrieval service was misstated The correct number is 185 000 Ed Computers amp Electronics ALL AIRLINES DEPART Presenting Travelshopper new from CompuServe and TWA Now you can save time and money by getting information and reservations on virtually any flight on any airline worldw
170. gnificant options or opera noted whether drives are internal or ex Alloy Computer Products Inc 100 Pennsylvania Ave Framingham MA 01701 617 875 6100 Alpha Omega Computer Products 18612 Ventura Blvd Tarzana CA 91356 818 345 4422 Ampex Computer Products Division 200 N Nash St EI Segundo CA 90215 800 421 6863 213 640 0150 Apparat Inc 4401 S Tamarac Pky Denver CO 80237 303 741 1778 AST Research Inc 2121 Alton Ave Irvine CA 92714 714 863 1333 BC Systems Inc 1016 E 31st St LaGrange Park IL 60525 312 579 0672 Chrislin Industries inc 31352 Via Colinas 101 W Lake Village CA 91352 818 991 2254 CMC international 1720 130th Ave N E Bellevue WA 98005 800 262 4685 206 885 1600 Corvus Systems inc 2029 O Toole Ave San Jose CA 95131 408 559 7000 Data Technology 2525 Walsh Ave Santa Clara CA 95051 408 986 9545 Davong Systems Inc 217 Humboldt Ct Sunnyvale CA 94089 408 734 4900 Disc Tech One Inc 849 Ward Dr Santa Barbara CA 93111 805 964 3535 Falcon Technology Inc 6644 S 196 St T 101 Kent WA 98032 206 251 8282 800 722 2510 First Class Peripherals PO Box 6187 Lehigh Valley PA 18001 800 538 1307 Genie Computer Corp 31117 Via Colinas 402 W Lake Village CA 91362 818 991 6210 Genoa Systems Corp 73 E Trimble Rd San Jose CA 95131 408 945 9720 Great Lakes Computer Peripherals inc 220 W Higgins Rd 245 Hoffman Estates IL 6019
171. graphy Skiing Stereo Review Electronic Experimenter s Handbook and Tape Recording amp Buying Guide POSTMASTER Send address changes to COMPUTERS amp ELECTRONICS Circulation Dept P O Box 2774 Boulder CO 80302 Please allow at least eight weeks for change of address enclosing if possible an address label from a recent issue Permissions Material in this publication may not be reproduced in any form without permission Send requests for permission to Jean Lamensdorf Rights and Permissions Ziff Davis Publishing Co One Park Ave New York NY 10016 April 1985 Now you can easily control even hard to manage facts and figures with the Assistant Series from IBM If you line up the right software getting your ducks in a row is not only possible but easy There s a program in IBMS Assist ant Series to handle each of the most How to get all your important jobs people are using per sonal computers for these days spread Sheets word processing and database management But unlike software programs that cant share information with other pro grams the IBM Assistants work together as a team as well as alone And unlike other programs that can be challenging to learn all the com plicated inner workings of these pro grams have been hidden from view So using them is almost intuitive Filing Assistant is a database program that allows you to organize and store information in any format that suits yo
172. gy still is evolving Prices have fallen dramatically in the past few years while performance and re liability have risen The near future promises more of the same Says Seagate s Al Shugart For the past 25 years the disk drive industry has given us continually more capacity and cheaper prices The cost per bit continues to go down and I don t see any end in sight Larger Capacity Smaller Size In deed the 10M byte drive that everyone sought only a year ago is growing to 20M bytes And the drives are getting smaller Most industry experts we consulted think the 31 2 drive is destined to be come the new standard Within two years some observers believe half height 20M byte 3 2 drives may be common Tony Lapine points out the advan tages A 3 2 drive takes half the space of a half height 57 unit It uses less power takes less metal to make it and Despite the scarcity of U S compa nies laser record technology actually be gan in the U S about 20 years ago and some of the companies leading the tech nology are still located stateside Ironi cally they were created by manufactur ers of magnetic storage devices For example Information Storage Inc ISI of Colorado Springs CO is an offshoct of Tallgrass Technologies of Overland Park KS a leading supplier of fixed disk storage and cartridge tape backup systems In May 1984 ISI re ceived a second capital infusion from CPT Corporati
173. h C AN Lye Mane la ll crean DONIS for enteapradils people Hayes Microcomputer Products Inc 5923 Peachtree Industrial Blvd Norcross Georgia 30092 Circle No 8 on Free information Card The promotion is available only through participating dealers in the U S and Canada Please allow 4 to weeks dellvery for rebate check Smarimodem 1200 and Smartmo Jem i2008 are trademarks of Hayes Microcamputer Products Inc Macintosh is a trademark of Apple Computer Inc IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp 1985 Hayes Microcomputer Praducts Inc ZYINDEX Any word or group of words even from 15 000 files BY RON WHITE YING on your desk in front of you L is a stack of disks One contains a text file with a very important let ter It s been six months or so since you wrote Stanislov Bros Inc threatening to sue them for the batch of malfunction ing widgets they delivered Since that time you ve been corresponding with Stanislov and each time you ve saved the letter On your computer s disks under filenames such as STANIS LTR STA NIS2 LTR SUIT LAW WIDGETS LAW whatever struck you at the time Finds urn in AM m ont Tonnies 36 as being as descriptive a filename as you could manage under the limitations of MS DOS eight characters plus a three character extension Now your attorney wants a copy of the letter It s there among the hundred Or So you ve written Stani
174. h and Telephone Pub lic Corporation NT amp TPC has almost twice the sales of BT When BT and NT amp TPC go private and enter the com ILLUSTRATIONS BY CARL WESLEY RRRING puter markets they aim to compete di rectly with the likes of AT amp T and IBM in the U S Optical Disk Drives Being Shipped gt Sony and Hitachi are the first compa nies to ship optical disk drives for per sonal computers The units store 550M bytes on a read only disk the size of a 45 rpm record Units are expected to start appearing in stores in the last quarter of this year Panasonic Matsushita Phil lips IBM and Digital Equipment Corp might also announce units this year IBMT amp T gt Venture Development Corp a Wellesley MA market research outfit recently counted 3000 separate commer cial programs for the IBM PC 10 were accounting programs 6 word processing 5 database managers and 3 6 spreadsheets By contrast Apple claims there are about 5000 Apple pro grams The largest portion of these however are games It has been estimated that IBM sold 270 000 PCjrs worth 230 million last year Most of the sales occurred in the last quarter of the year By contrast Ap ple reportedly sold close to 750 000 Ile and IIc systems worth about 800 mil lion Apple had sold 580 000 Iles the previous year the IIc had not been introduced By the time you read this IBM s new TopView windowing user interface soft ware s
175. h it before you start dumping everything over Dif ferent software packages may require shghtly different transfer techniques Applications such as Symphony for ex ample cry for the additional storage af forded by a hard disk but these copy protected programs require that the signature disk remain in the floppy disk drive while the software is running De pending on your individual needs such a limitation may require rethinking how you ll set up your hard disk And above all establish immediately a realistic backup procedure that will work for your installation The key is to set goals and procedures that you will follow regularly As Business Pro s Rog er Birks observed If you own a hard disk system someday you will lose infor mation off it It will happen It may not happen this week or this month but it will happen A little planning in ad vance could turn a potential disaster into a minor inconvenience Computers amp Electronics Savvy Continued from page 34 screen or the printer Our impression is a user doing a lot of programming could overcome this limitation partially but only as it applies to generating character graphics and not to dot addressable graphics The absence of true graphics support is strange because Savvy does work in the color mode and even allows the user to change the background and fore ground colors of its character oriented screen What s more there are no provi si
176. hard disk func tioning again Manual DOS commands or utility software that backs up to named files eases this problem but this method only works on files small enough to fit on a single floppy Businesses working with large data files have to use a backup rou tines that can store one file on multiple floppies Hard disk manufacturers and other Continued on page 82 Computers amp Electronics K _ _ a AAA A A A NA CATA LS au le ae OMPARING hard disk subsys tems isn t easy You ll need more information than we can give you in one buyer s guide to make a pur chase decision but capacity price and access times can help you narrow down your choice We ve grouped devices according to the computers they support and also ternal whether the internal ones are full or half height and what are the dimen sions of the external ones While we were primarily interested in 10 20M byte fixed disks we included some removable cartridges and tape backup equipment One column shows whether a unit is a F ixed Winchester T ape backup R emovable cartridge With few exceptions the companies listed here offer more than one hard disk system They usually purchase their hard disk drives from other manufactur ers Especially in the 10M byte arena the hardware is very similar Suosystem differences come in controller design and software The special features col umn lists si
177. hat con tains nothing but file information The root directory the only directory to have a fixed location on the disk corre sponding to the only directory in older operating systems lists only its imme diate subdirectories and the files that the root directory manages itself The root directory does not list the files managed by its subdirectories nor will a listing of files in a subdirectory show anything contained in its sub subdirectories Each subdirectory functions indepen dently but exactly like the root directo ry You log onto one directory at a time and the operating system works only with the files of the logged directory You can duplicate file names in different directories You can copy files from one directory to another as if they were sepa rate disks You also can use special com mands to make the operating system search with an elaborate path through the tree structure for commands and files in other directories The path tells DOS what route to take through the hard disk directories to find the file you specify It is necessary because most op erating systems assume the file you want is located in the currently active directo ry If that s not the case you precede the file name with the list of directories April 1985 through which DOS must move to get to the one with the file you re seeking Usu ally the path includes drive assignments so you can search more than One storage device as
178. hat result only about 1 62 of the time Half the time one expects results more than 17 heads away from ideal in either direction This is no failure but an inev itable expression of true randomness Only if the deviation 1s too wide too nar row Or one way too often should one suspact an unfair coin Unfortunately the basis of these claims won t fit in a let ter but it is taught in every course on probability and statistics The term pseudo random refers to a fixed sequence which nonetheless is chaotic and exhibits the kind of average behavior that a truly random sequence does This must include the deviations from ideal equality etc just mentioned For example the standard deviations shown in Table I of the article are about right One expects about ten The pseu do says that it is a fixed sequence that can be run again and will turn out the same A truly random sequence would never hardly ever repeat The dot pattern test Fig 3 is a very cute one useful for picking out some kinds of short term correlations in a sup posedly random sequence The slanted bars indicate an awkward problem in the PCjr generator The Randomize Timer operation is not entirely effective in eras ing that structure when called from a freely running program because it com pares two good clocks the program exe cution rate and the real time clock which are both keeping time Only when you have its execution involve a really b
179. he necessary alterations can be substan tial however especially if the expert 1s not completely familiar with the idiosyn crasies of the system to be modified Cer tainly a novice will find computerized accounting too involved to just go out and buy a package mail order or from a computer store no matter how attrac tively the advertising represents it Of course choosing a consultant is a major task in itself A good consultant should have a substantial and verifiable track record in both accounting and computers not just a few months selling canned software packages 1n a computer store In addition a consultant should be able to talk intelligently to the new user in understandable terms If a prospective consultant sounds like an accounting textbook or a computer manual look elsewhere Remember also that if you find your expert s manner threatening or obnoxious you and the people in your company will be unlikely to communi cate with him or her easily and the re sults are not likely to be very satisfying Preparing Your Firm for Automation April 1985 LP AND PREPARATION puterizing your firm s financial account ing is assessing its needs and assigning your priorities You should prepare yourself so that when you sit down with the consultant you don t waste time You should write the information down into a coherent report accompanied by supporting documents Although the consultant is also likely to p
180. hiet River Falls MN 56701 25 00 349 99 _ Add 0 50 250 00 499 99 Less 15 ly bay be ot DIGI KEY GUARANTEE Any ports or products purchased from Digi Key thot prove to be defective will be 50 00 399 99 Add 0 25 500 00 8999 99 Loss 20 ur N nie iy otio wone PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 100 00 amp Up NoCherge 1000 00 amp Up Less 25 Circie No 14 on Free information Card DISCOUNT COMPUTER EQUIPMENT LOWEST PRICES on Printers Disk Drives Software and Other Computer Equipment EPSON Star Micronics Okidata Tandon TEAC Many Others For a free catalog call 9 18 825 4844 ESA COMPUTERS Thanks to YOU We re Growing with YOU and your Computer LEO ELECTRONICS INC O Box 11307 Torrance CA 90510 1307 Tel 213 212 6133 800 421 9565 TLX 291 985 LEO UR We Offer PRICE QUALITY PERSON AL SERVICE 64K UPGRADE 9 Bank IBMPC 26 10 150ns 24 75 200ns 4164 150ns 2 90 ea 200ns 2 75 ea 8 Bank other PC 2320 150ns 22 00 200ns 4164 150ns 2 90 ea 200 S2 75 ea 256K MOTHER SAVER UPGRADE 6K 150ns 22 00 ea 6116P 3 4 00 2732 3 80 2716 2 95 2764 5 50 TMS 2716 4 95 27128 16 50 We accept checks Visa Mastercard or Purchase Orders from Qualified fms ard institufions US funds only Call tor C O D Cahtornia residents add 6 tax Shipping is UPS Add 2 00 tor ground and 500 tor air All major manutac turers All parts 100 guaran
181. hould be out Although more lim ited in capability than Digital Research s GEM package and Microsoft s Win dows which is not expected until June at the earliest it is expected to dominate the PC graphics user interface market Be warned however that IBM is well along with TV version II Expect it to make the PC look just like an Apple Macintosh with icons mouse and graphics Also look for TV II to have en hancements for networking Computer Memories has disclosed that it has received an order from IBM for 240 000 hard disk drives for the new PC AT machine to be delivered this year IBM will no doubt place similar or ders with other hard disk drive makers and will also sell many ATs without hard disk drives Therefore it appears that IBM expects to ship about one half million ATs this year IBM has filed lawsuits against 11 Tai wanese companies charging violation of copyrights on the IBM PC There are re ports that several dozen system copiers are Operating in Taiwan most Mom and Pop operations turning out 10 to 20 machines a month Almost all these ma chines are being sold in the Far East few come to the U S because the prices of PC clones in the U S are so low that it is not profitable to sneak these machines into this country With AT amp T moving into computers it was Only natural for IBM to enter tele communications IBM began by acquir ing Rolm Corp a maker of computer ized tele
182. ia S 35 24 PAYMAR Lower Case Chip Rev 7t 50 19 pec fe amp Report Combo m T 195 125 PFS Wnte 125 79 PROFESSIONAL Trivia Fever 40 25 PCPI Applicard 6 MHz 14 features 375 275 STONEWARE DB Master 195 125 PFS Graph 125 79 SIERRA ON LINE Ultima 60 40 BuU none Super Fan II a 3 218 TELOS File Vision 195 125 PFS Report 125 79 SUB LOGIC Flight Simulate 5 30 128K RAM Card fll 509 329 T MAKER Clickar 50 32 STONE WARE DB Master v 4 0 350 225 PLUS BRODERBUND DATAMOST INSOFT PS VIDEX Vegas 60 34 08 Utility Pak or I 129 82 Other RAM Cards amp Software IN STOCK CALL MUSE SIR TECH SPINNAKER MODEMS PRINTERS PRINTER INTERFACES _ CONROY LAPOINTE DISKETTES LIST CONROY i We guarantee these top quality products with our name ANCHOR Signalman Mark XII IBM 399 259 DOT MATRIX LIST CONROY amp BUFFERS 5 YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY Discounts on orders w o labels det detras ee 1BM 899 yrs XE UN UMS IM Er aH martmodem 1 IBM 599 mn a ea 2n Addi etc 35 Trk comes w flip pak 12 Smartcom II Software BM 149 99 EPSON RX80 100 cps S 269 CALL EPSON Pavallel Interface for 1001500 100 3 79 ere born ateos El E Stack Chronograph RS 232 5249 189 PXB0 F T 369 CALL Seral interface Board 130 105 des DS DD AC jm exa A Stack Smartmodem 300 RS 232 289 219 RX100 100 cps 136 col pin amp f 499 CALL
183. ice Let your travel plaris really take off Use Travelshopper and fots lots more from CompusServe To buy a CompuServe Starter Kit see your nearest computer dealer To receive our informative brochure or to order direct call or write CompuServe P O Box 20212 5000 Arlington Centre Blvd Columbus Ohio 43220 1 800 848 8199 la Ohio Call 1 614 457 0802 An H amp R Block Company FORREST M MIMS Iil THE COMPUTER SCIENTIST CREATING CUSTOM CHARACTERS WITH AN XY PLOTTER SERS of xy plotters never cease to be impressed by the very high resolution of these amazing ma chines Therefore it s a little disconcert ing when a plotter labels a perfectly smooth curve on a precisely drawn grid with stick like characters having seg mented angular outlines Characters formed from straight line segments like A E F K L appear per fectly normal when drawn by a plotter But letters having curved segments like B C D O R appear crude and child like especially when used to label the professionally drawn images for which plotters are so ideally suited Fortunately it s possible to create your own custom characters by taking advantage of a plotter s drawing instruc tions Once you learn the basics you can even create entire character sets com plete with special symbols not ordinarily available Getting Started More than a dozen companies make xy plotters and most of these machines can
184. ide from one source It s TWA s new Travelshopper available now through CompusServe s Information Service With Travelshopper you scan flight availabilities discover airfare bargains and order tickets on your own personal computer at home or in the office You also receive automatic member ship in TWA s Frequent Flight Bonus program And you can build bonus points by staying at Marriott and Hilton hotels and by using Hertz Rent A Car Besides Travelshopper CompuServe Travelshopper and Frequent Flight Bonus are Service marks of TWA p a T dide 4 as gt Offers an ever growir g lis of other travel oriented on line services The Official Airliae Guide Electronic Edition ists direct and connecting flight schedulss for over 700 airlines worldwide pfus over 500 000 Ncrth American fares A to Z Travel News Service gives complete informatioa for over 26 000 hotels worldwide plus latest travel news Discover Orland provides complete prices hours avd features on all of Central Flo ida s attractions and accommodztiors West Coast Travel offers travel infor mation for the western States Pan Am s Trevel Guide contains up to date information n immigration CIRCLE NO 50 CN FREE INF ORMATION CARD SO 14 E MEA FROM THIS TERMINAL and health requirements for most foreign countries And TravelVision provides complete automotive information including road maps and personalized routing serv
185. ies are the key to effi cient hard disk use but you can t visual ize them so it is important to have something that will let you see them and move around them quickly Backing Up Although mechanical repairs to a 56 Winchester may be costly that expense is dwarfed by the cost in time and effort required to rebuild your records A regu lar hard disk backup regimen will help you get back to business as soon as the repairer gives your hardware a clean bill of health Backing up is simply keeping a spare copy of your important data Just in case the worst happens to your original Most software packages advise you to make a backup copy and use it rather than the original for safety s sake a pro cess that takes a simple command and no more than a few minutes Moreover a single floppy disk is just the right size for holding all the information from another floppy disk But backing up a hard disk to floppies is an entirely different proposition If it takes 60 seconds to fill up a floppy the typical Winchester which holds roughly 30 times as much information will take Proper management of hierarchical directories is the key to efficient hard disk use half an hour at best to pour out to disk The actual time required will usu ally be substantially longer because of system overhead and the time required to shuffle floppies in and out Moreover you re then stuck with 30 floppies to store somewhere safe And of course
186. ime and energy must be spent learning and configuring the new sys tem which may impose requirements for entering and organizing data that were not necessary with a manual sys tem It will also be necessary to enter all existing data from the company books which can take a lot of time and may also uncover accounting errors and omis sions that might have to be corrected be fore the new system will operate proper ly Finally both the manual and the computerized system will have to be run in parallel for several months until the SELECTED PUBLISHERS OF ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE 1140 Mountain View Alviso Rd Sunnyvale CA 94089 408 980 8880 Includes payroll purchase orders fixed as sets sales orders invoicing project job costing Source code in dBase II or Ill 195 395 per module Sensible Solution O Hanlon Computer Systems Inc 8383 158th Ave N E Redmond WA 98052 206 885 2502 Includes payroll and wholesale distribution Source code in proprietary high level data base language and multi user versions avail able 400 1395 per module Solomon Ill TLB 267 Great Valley Pky Malvern PA 19355 215 765 6666 includes payroll sales order entry sales analysis job costing fixed assets inventory and purchasing Highly integrated and based around a sophisticated database manager Not modifiable 295 995 per module TCS Total Accounting System TCS Software Inc 6100 Hillcroft No 600 Houston TX 77081
187. imeters character instruction tf y be lated and lified ae they were y t can high and 4 5 centimeters wide The let t ters are unslanted S 0 Of course innu part of the plotter s standard character se merable variations are possible which is nicely illustrated by the assortment of EXIT signs in Fig 9 In each case the pen was moved by means of the plotter s front panel controls to the desired start ing point Of course the program can be easily revised to permit program or key board input of the starting location Though the characters created by the UC instruction can be altered in size and shape by all the standard HPGL charac ter control instructions designing char acters with smooth curves is difficult and requires very long lists of coordi nates On the other hand the UC in struction permits symbols foreign lan guage characters and logos to be designed and added to a plotter s charac April 1985 NRI Trains You You At it Home As You Build GET THE KNOW HOW TO REPAIR EVERY PAGE AND MOR IBM is a Registered Trademark of International Business Machine Corporation Epson is a Registered Trademark of Epson America Inc Apple and the Apple logo are Registered Trademarks of Appie Computer Inc Compaq is a Registered Trademark of COMPAQ Computer Corporation 1984 AT amp T Technologies Inc Your Own IBM Compete Computer Learn the Basics the NRI NRI Way and Earn Go
188. inclair Allows you to run over 1 000 software titles Write for info and software brochure to E McGhee 150 10127 121 St Edmonton Alberta Canada TSN 3X1 NO ie dir tae AA A e MU uit NEW T S PUBLICATION Quarter S T S information four times per year for only 8 00 Check to WMJ Data Sys tems 4 Butterfly Drive Hauppauge NY 11788 Malum cage A ee TIMEX SINCLAIR SPECTRUM QL Send 1 00 for our 32 page picture catalog Sunset Electronics 2254 Taraval Street San Francisco CA 94116 415 665 8330 CABLE T V CABLE TV SECRETS the Informative Publication the Cable Companies Tried to Ban HBO Movie Channel Showtime converters etc 8 95 CABLE FACTS Box 711 PE Pataskala Ohio 43062 CABLE TV CONVERTERS and modulators Commer cial types BEST PRICES Catalog 2 00 Profes sional Video Inc 4670 Hollywood Blvd Hollywood CA 90027 PLANS AND KITS Communicate for miles with other computers with no li cense radio link Study package with full details sources 8 00 refundable Broadcast Technical Services 11 Wal nut St Marshfield MA 02050 PROJECTION TV CONVERT your TV to project 7 foot picture Results comparable to 2 500 projectors To tal Costless than 30 00 PLANS AND 8 LENS 19 95 illustrated information FREE Macrocoma CH Washing ton Crossing Pennsylvania 18977 Creditcard orders 24 Hours 215 736 3979 ISR ASAS RA CAR MODULAR I O PORT KITS Parallel 8 Bit Input
189. ions of the characters cre ated by the programs in Listings and 2 can be changed by altering the plotter scale under program control or by man ually moving the front panel switches You can see the effect of different scales by comparing Figs 2 and 3 Figure 7 is even more dramatic It was produced by manually changing the plotting limits of the HP7470A to different portions of the paper by means of the front panel con trols and then running the program in Listing 2 Creating Fully Programmable Characters HPGL as was noted above includes a user character UC instruction for the design of custom characters that re ELSE 300 230 PRINT 1 CP 1 1 300 BOX LETTER T 310 PRINT 1 UCI 5 0 99 0 8 1 0 0 8 1 0 99 320 IF F V OR F v THEN 330 ELSE 400 330 PRINT 1 CP 1 1 400 BOX LETTER T 410 PRINT 1 UCI 5 0 99 0 7 1 5 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 7 1 0 99 500 RECYCLE FOR ANOTHER EXIT SIGN 510 PRINT 1 SPO 520 PRINT GOTO 55 al spond to all the standard HPGL charac ter modification and manipulation in structions The program in Listing 3 illustrates the use of the UC instruction to form bold outlined versions of the let ters of the word EXIT Referring to Listing 3 notice that the program allows you to specify whether the word will be drawn horizontally or vertically line 55 It also asks for the character height and width in centime ters lines 60 70 a
190. iques Ultimately a compressed quarter frame image file may require no more than 6 or 7K In the case of videotex usage trans mission time is important However the block compression technique described in the article can send a recognizable im age at 1200 baud in 15 seconds ee Summing Up The VDA is not the answer to every one s needs A photographic database that requires digitization of architectur al drawings for example would need an imaging board with much higher spatial resolution than AT amp T s And a CAD CAM system that performed in temsive graphics manipulation would run much more efficiently on a more in telligent graphics processor Nevertheless the VDA is an impor tant development It makes inexpensive photographic imaging on microcomput ers possible Without a doubt it will rank as one of the more significant microcom puter products of 1985 o Smart Series Continued from page 42 This means that the user can completely customize the keyboard Libraries of macros can be defined and loaded auto matically via the applications One of the most powerful features of the Smart System called Project Pro cessing enables the user to write simple programs The language is relatively simple but contains commands for ac cepting input calculating producing output and invoking other projects For example using the spreadsheet function I created a project to perform a set of cal culations that
191. isk in the primary drive especially if your machine has a hard disk Products from _ Cybex Corp let users call up Lotus 1 2 3 prograras without the key The programs are called Key O and Key LAS To use you load them onto the hard disk with the 1 2 3 files enter Key O or Key LAS and the 1 2 3 program starts There is nc modifica tion to the Lotus files For the IBM PC XT and compatibles 19 95 Address Cybex Corp PO Box 1067 Huntsville AL 35807 APPLE COLOR PRINTING Texprint has an enhanced version of their Print It pushbutton Apple printer in terface The newest card sup ports full color printing on the Apple Scribe and Epson color prinrers including the mixed graphics and text modes of Apple s new 80 column Teat E28 1 ROLL YOUR OWN PC AT BOARDS Vector Electronic Company has a prototype board for the IBM PC AT that ll hold up to NUI I Mit Y ZR Apple Color Adapter Card The unit s self contained 64K ROM automatically decides whether to print in black and white or color and interprets how to handle the graphics or text screen image A new rib bon saving feature halts the ribbon when blank space is encountered 200 Circle No 80 on Free Information Card FEL A 4 ve EE 108 16 pin DIPS Total board surface is 52 sq in and con nectors are provided for the 98 pin AT bus 30 55 Circle No 73 on Free informa
192. isk spins at 3600 rpm The higher speed gives the hard disk its faster data transfer Both devices have some on board in telligence to position read write heads and transfer information between the media and the computer s memory For hard disk drives the present interface standard is the ST 506 and its upgraded variations the ST 412 and ST 419 named after Seagate s ST 506 drive that sold in such large numbers the interface became a de facto standard While the ST 506 interface was adequate for early devices with today s faster and more powerful computers disk designers are hampered by its low level of intelligence and slow data transfer rate Computers are capable of transfer rates at last two or three times the 5 million bits sec speci fied by the ST 506 but we temporarily are stuck with the standard to maintain compatibility among drive and interface manufacturers The Hardware Today s common Winchester disk for microcomputers is a 5 device in a package the same Size as either a full or urresy Tandon Corp Computers amp Electronics half height floppy drive Inside is one or more aluminum platters coated with magnetic material similar to that on a floppy disk or cartridge tape The platter is held by a rigid central spindle driven by a small precision motor Information is accessed via tiny read write heads mounted at the ends of metal arms that traverse the disk surface radially track by track at
193. ith built in cut and paste techniques The Hewlett Packard Thinkjet HP makes three Thinkjet models All are about the size of a 500 sheet ream of typing paper 11 5 X 8 1 X 3 5 and all weigh between 5 5 and 7 5 lb depend ing on the interface Each prints 150 cps in bidirectional logic seeking fashion in a large variety of built in text and graph ics fonts Thinkjets are impressive on several counts First they list for only 495 00 Second they are quiet lt 50 dB Third all models have simple user replaceable print heads that cost about as much as a printer ribbon 7 50 With a print head producing about 500 sheets of text with out changes in print quality the price is excellent Printer life is rated for 100 000 pages the equivalent of 200 print heads Finally model 2225B is battery operat ed HP claims about 200 pages of print ing per battery charge See COMPUTERS amp ELECTRONICS August 1984 for more on the HP Thinkjet printer The Xerox 1770 Color Ink Jet Printer The current Xerox entry in this field is the model 1770 Color Ink Jet Printer built for Xerox by Sharp and also mar keted as the Diablo C 150 The Xerox 1770 shares some features with the Canon PJ 1080A For instance MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK CYAN ii CARRIAGE 1 NO VOLTAGE IS APPLIED 2 VOLTAGE IS APPLIED m 3 AFTER EJECTION OF AN INK DROPLET 4 INK LEFT IN THE NOZZLE TIP IS PUL
194. kages generally inter face accounts receivable to the general ledger by posting journal entries that re I m mu x w A LI e ICON flect ri post jor action v of the ac ty whether 1 e tries If y A accrual Ey Mo ceivables 122 AS sume the ag Ya ep s 3 he is Ac Keeping ae can improve you take adva payment and counts payable know the exact invoices includ due dates You wish to pay and your payments Check Writing Mu tems allow you to print ci computer While this ability Cu time saver be sure that if you exp a paper jam or other problem dui printing you can start the printing over One Park Avenue 4th Floor New York NY 10016 Attn Daniel Rosensweig PT AES I want more information on how to receive Creative Computing The 1 Magazine at Computer Applications amp Software 4m Ya free subscription through your Educational Subscription Program Please have Dan Rosensweig call me at Best time to call u ZIFF DAVIS Educational Subscription Program Name Discover how to receive a free subscription to A PC or Creative Computing by completing and mailing this coupon Or for faster service call Daniel Rosensweig collect at 212 503 5354 Schoo Addres e V LLL ccce n Orco d y Do A me April 1985 75 are Klem began oo oility to enter c ad written Un pe ck writing pro with due c
195. kes it easy to create and edit them Formulas may use absolute or relative cell refer ences or combinations of both Cells in other spreadsheets may be referenced also Graphics The graphics facility is part of the spreadsheet package With it you can The Smart System provides a powerful capability for creating macros A GENS T set up various graphs and labels shade and color them It includes an edit screen with which you can draw l nes and characters on existing graphs or a blank screen In addition there is a Slideshow command for creating editing and viewing presentations The graphics program is more flexible and capable than most other graphics programs integrated with spreadsheets I have just one complaint I d like more control over printing the graphs Smart won t let you print the graphs vertically instead of horizontally or print two to four graphs per page Data Manager The Smart Data Manager supports files of up to 100 000 records with 255 fields per record Records may all be the same length or vary in length and files may be indexed by as many as 15 key fields for sorting Up to 10 screens of 15 pages each may be defined for either viewing or enter ing data for each file Input screens may contain read only fields and must enter fields Fields may also be calculated from other fields Both files and screens may be password protected and files may be linked together for pro duci
196. key a second time gives more help information A more innovative aid allows the user to select the degree of complexity in op erating the system from among three confidence levels The first level con tains only the most basic commands while the third level allows access to the full spectrum of commands ideal for the advanced user I found that the lowest confidence level did not allow access to enough of the commands to be useful for anyone but a beginner Smart Modules Word Processor Upon entering the Smart Word Pro cessor you see a blank work space ready for entering text At the bottom of the work space a format line shows default settings for margins normal and deci mal spacing and justification Most of the common text manipula tion features are available copy move insert delete search and replace The FIND command allows the user to speci fy a perfect match or to ignore the case It is also easy to merge text from other documents I particularly liked the fly ing reform feature the program auto Continued on page 42 Computers amp Electronics NOW YOUR PRIMARY REFERENCE organizing almost 5 000 products and nearly 2 000 vendors services and support systems in one compre hensive easy to use guide For the quickest and most reliable way to locate exactly what you need with product requirements and specifica tions turn to PC BUYERS GUIDE GET MORE FROM
197. kup files for you on separate sections of the active hard disk or on other devices Now some vendors are offering intelli gent backup software for micros Busi ness Pro s Sav Key for IBM users is one example The biggest problem we were seeing with our clients is that they simply for got to back up or they refused to spend the time necessary to maintain data se curity said Roger Birks vice president for marketing at Business Pro a Phoe nix consulting firm That s why the com pany developed Sav Key a software product that reminds hard disk users to back up at the end of the day then pretty much automates the process to make it as easy as possible Says Birk With our software if you don t do a backup it is because you have made a conscious ef fort not to do it Some companies establish a strict shutdown policy that operators must fol low each day A printed check list posted at the computer or a large calendar that shows at a glance which back up func tions were performed when can also be helpful Getting It Together The first step in getting the most out of your hard disk is to make certain that you ve made the best possible hardware choice Next move your applications to the new storage medium slowly Plan your directory structure investigate any additional utility software you may need to help use your disk and understand any special needs for each application package you plan to use wit
198. l memory management techniques reserve space for blank cells in a spreadsheet Thus a spreadsheet that is blank except for one entry in the 30th row and lOth column uses the same amount of RAM as would 300 full cells Only space for one cell would be re served for the same spreadsheet in Smart Also most spreadsheet programs require that the entire spreadsheet fit in memory The Smart Spreadsheet pro gram uses the disk as well as RAM for the worksheet This means that a mem ory full condition only occurs when both RAM and the disk are full Howev er this method of storage makes calcula tion slightly slower than other spread sheet programs I found that I worked faster if I turned off the automatic calcu lation feature when entering data The Smart Spreadsheet has all of the standard features of spreadsheets moving copying and erasing cells or blocks of cells One small annoyance is 42 that all numeric values are entered in a single user defined format for the whole spreadsheet It would be easier if one were able to specify the value entry for mats for different blocks within the worksheet instead of for the whole worksheet However the various blocks or rows or columns or even single entries can be reformatted after entry Like other spreadsheet programs the Smart Spreadsheet allows you to define formulas for a cell or group of cells For mulas may be up to 1920 characters long and a special formula editor ma
199. lass Vufax lomega Santa Clara Great Lakes Corvus BC Mountain Percom Data Ampex Genie CMC Systems Periphs Apparat Thoughtworks Tallgrass MNC I Interface Kammerman Data Technology AST Research Standard Data Alloy Sysgen Micro Design Tecmar Maynard Falcon Chrislin Microcode Qubie Quadram Alpha Omega Genoa Pacific Datanet Interphase Xcomp N Atl Quantex Davong Peachtree Legacy 1 Under 1 minute for any file then access at RAM speed Capacity M bytes 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 12 6 10 10 1 10 10 10 20 25 11233 10755 10 10 10 10 25 60 10 20 10 10 3 67 60 10 20 10 10 10 10 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 10 10 18 10 10 10 Computers A Apple PC IBM PC RS Radio Shack TI Texas Inst etc compatibles A Mac A Mac A tle C lll Mac A ll ll tle A Il H lle A ll lle Ali lle ll M PC etc A II 4 Mac PC etc A lle Ill PC etc A lle PC A lle PC etc A N PC etc S 100 Victor 9000 A Il He lll PC XT Franklin A Itl PC RS 111 4 A Il Mac PC etc S 100 TI RS A lle Lisa Mac PC TI Pro S 100 PC etc Kaypro Intertec Televideo PC etc PCjr all Z 80s PC etc RS lll PC etc Sanyo Zenith PC TI Pro Columbia XT etc AT PC PC PC AT PC AT XT PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC etc PC
200. ld Mi 48075 313 352 2345 Fastware TMS 3 0 60 Thesys Memory Products 7345 E Acoma Dr Scottsdale AZ 85260 602 991 7356 File Facility Utilities Retrieve Compress Expand 20 Utilities II DOS Tree Display Locate Backup 20 IBM Personally Developed Software PO Box 3280 Wallingford CT 06494 800 426 7279 Sav Key 150 Business Pro PO Box 44075 Phoenix AZ 85084 802 996 6547 i Spending more time searching or the technology LAW than using it DATA SOURCES systematically organizes all your DP options You ll cut your search time dramatically because each two volume edition of DATA SOURCES gives you e Comprehensive details on 37 000 software hardware and data communications products e 9 000 company profiles for instant access to product and equipment manufacturers Four superbly organized indexes to help you locate all your options quickly e At a glance charts for fast efficient product comparisons e Complete up to date information revised every 90 days to insure accuracy JUST CALL 800 227 1617 ext 251 TODAY In California call 800 722 3543 ext 251 We ll send your first 2 volume edition on a 30 DAY APPROVAL basis and enter your year s subscription to DATA SOURCES at just 170 60 off the regular cover price for 4 quarterly editions DATA SOURCES Leading the Industry in Information Management PO Box 5845 Cherry Hi
201. le permit complex graphics Ink Jet Basics If you have used a child s squirt gun you have seen the fundamentals of ink jet In a printer however the fluid stream must be precisely controlled and the drops must be of uniform size and April 1985 shape Moreover if multiple jets are fir ing simultaneously all drops must form at the same time at the same distance from the orifice and with the same drive energy Otherwise drop placement is in exact and image quality suffers An ink jet system includes an ink res ervoir a driver to form the drops under controlled conditions an orifice for re leasing the stream of drops and either of two mechanisms to control the position of the drops One method deflects the wide horizontal array of drops like the beam deflection system in a CRT The other method moves the entire print head across the paper in the usual fashion Before ink is ejected onto the paper tiny droplets must be formed from the mass of ink in the reservoir Two meth ods are common thermal shock and me chanical vibration Thermal techniques form the drops either within the ink res ervoir or within the capillary tube just behind the jet opening Fast acting thin film resistors are heated to vaporize a small spot of ink This sudden increase in fluid pressure vapor pressure explodes a chunk of ink forcing it out of the open ing This glob forms into a sphere before it strikes the paper Mechanical vib
202. led a disk operating system or DOS helps manage either chore Not all oper ating systems are equally adept at han dling hard disks however Some of them particularly those originally written for floppy disks including CP M 2 2 PC DOS 1 1 and Apple DOS 3 3 suffer major limitations in the amount of disk memory and number of files that they can handle Often such systems severely limit your ability to or ganize your files and use the full capacity of a hard disk Most operating systems keep track of where information is stored by writing onto each disk a chart called a block or file allocation table BAT or FAT that specifies where information is stored and that disk space block allocation unit or 52 cluster is available for new data Be cause Only a limited amount of disk space is reserved for the FATs and the size of each block is fixed the maximum number of blocks that can be tracked and the amount of memory they can record is similarly limited Hence early Operating systems may not be able to handle the huge number of hard disk blocks now possible without some modi fications to either the block size or the size of the FAT itself Moreover all popular personal com puter operating systems match the file name that you put information into with the specific blocks in the FAT by using a disk directory or catalog essentially a map that tells the operating system how to get to the data Most early operating
203. like you bo Euild Benton Harbor Michigan 49022 i Enjoy and learn from them while saving money inthe veS pi d ith process What sets the Heathkit catalog apart s its es ets AIN eben i range of high quality products and accurate infarma tion to help make your buying decisions easy Gs i All you have to do is fiil out the coupon to get your cory i Circle No 26 on Free Information Card 6 Address i Heathkit me I Heath CL 775B Zip Company A subsidiary of Zenith Electronics Corporation SMART SERIES Productivity packages that operate in an integrated environment BY LEE D ZIMSKIND HERE seem to be as many inte grated software packages as there are definitions for integrated soft ware and most of these products claim to meet a user s every need Symphony from Lotus Development for instance gives a user a single work space with dif ferent views for ument controlling program from one application to another Starting Smart Specifications Product The Smart System Mfr Innovative Software Inc 9300 W 110th St Suite 380 Overland Park KS 66210 913 383 1089 Price Complete set 895 Data Man ager 495 Spreadsheet with Graphics 495 Word Proces sor 395 Requirements IBM PC XT AT or compatible two disk drives 256K RAM word processing spreadsheets and communications An other package Ashton Tate s Frame
204. ling alternative they main tain is optical memory laser read and written disks that don t suffer from mag netic errors and can store up to a gigabyte on a platter the size of an LP Optical storage so far has been seen only in audio compact discs and video laser discs consumer electronics Al though these products can be interfaced with micros they suffer from an irrefut able drawback They can only play back However that limitation is about to be overcome Optical storage devices will soon be available to consumers You will find write once optical disks on the market in the next year or two predicts Edward S Rothchild publisher of the monthly newsletter Op tical Memory News By 1990 erasable optical disks will impact the Winchester market since they will be able to store up to 50 times more information than the standard Winchester drive As the name implies write once opti cal disks unlike magnetic disks can be used to record data once They cannot be erased and reused Toshiba Hitachi Sanyo and N V Philips are all known to be working on them Meanwhile eras able optical disks have been shown in prototype form in Japan by both Nikon and Canon and Matsushita has intro duced a 12 erasable optical disk for large office automation applications Erasable optical technology however is still too expensive for general use OMPUTER technologists have April 1985 disk storage technolo
205. ling during which the customer is eligible for a discount Most systems that allow discounts use the gross method when they link to the general ledger Briefly the gross method uses a ledger account called discounts taken to ac cumulate discounts for management purposes Some businesses however prefer to accumulate discounts forfeited instead of discounts taken This latter approach is called the net method If you use the net method you may have diffi culty unless your software can be properly modified Credit Limits Do you maintain credit limits for individual customers If so Continued on page 75 66 Computers amp Electronics BN first step in the process of com PERFORMANCE ISSUES INDING System that meets your F specific accounting needs is chal lenging Finding one that meets these needs but operates slowly or clum sily can end up frustrating your best ef forts to use it Here are a few general characteristics that can make a huge dif ference in how well a system actually performs Sorting and Indexing The better sys tems do not make you wait for lengthy sorts Using a technique called indexing proper sequencing of the data is quickly updated every time new information is entered into the system or old informa tion is altered If the indexing is well im plemented the operator should not even be aware that an update is occurring Data Entry It s important that the en try of data
206. lip Sine Senior Vice President William Phillips Vice President Selwyn Taubman Treasurer Bertram Abrams Secretary Editorial correspondence COMPUTERS amp ELECTRONICS 1 Park Ave New York NY 10016 Editorial contributions must be accompanied by return postage and will be handled with reasonable care how ever publisher assumes no responsibility for return or saa manuscripts art work or models submitted he publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary rights which will be violated by the making or using of any items disclosed in this issue MEMBER AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION Computers amp Electronics MEET THE The mighty SpikeMaster Surge Suppressor comes to the rescue of your computer helping to protect against power line surges that can create havoc with your hardware and your programs Lightning can ruin your entire computer system Smaller unexpected power dis turbances even from hair dryers for in stance cen create errors erase memory damage sensitive electronic devices Your computer needs the mighty SxikeMaster to provide the protection that built in safeguards seldom oifer SPIKEMASTER IS TOP RATED In high voltage tests conducted by an independent besting laboratory p Sp keMaster beat the other leading brands While the others exploded SpikeMaster PROTECTOR UTERS stood up to repeated surges l of up to 6000 volts A ned It s the best E insurance for yaur
207. ll N J 08034 T526 T No matter which computer vou use Every month CREATIVE COMPUTING thorough reviews on software and new inno brings you the information you need to vations with hands on tips you can apply expand the functions of your system any And if you need more information on system without any bias color monitors or printers you can depend CREATIVE COMPUTING goes on CREATIVE COMPUTING for a complete beyond machine specific magazines provid comparison for all systems ing you with a vital exchange of ideas and No matter which computer you use insights from all the world s leading computer Apple IBM Atari TRS 80 or any other manufacturers as well as the technological system we can tell you what s new and innovators entering the marketplace available for you to expand your system Whether you re expand any system ing your system with new p Stay in the know and make the most out of your computer Enter the CREATIVE COMPUTING 5 000 SWEEPSTAKES Return the entry card today and you may win 5 000 in software hardware and periph A erals to build your dream system UTERO Guarantee the best perfor mance from your system and sub scribe to CREATIVE COMPUTING today and save up to 50 No purchase necessary f card missing send stamped self addressed envelope to CREATIVE COMPUTING One Park Avenue Room 447 New York NY 10016 for information CE8Z193 hardware software or add ons you n
208. ll 8 to 8 Mon through Sat SAFEWARE The Insurance Agency Inc 2929 North High Street Columbus OH 43202 800 848 3469 nat 614 262 0559 OH GOVT D SURPLUS ISIT TRUE YOU CAN BUY JEEPS FOR 44 THROUGH THE U S GOVERNMENT Get the facts today Call 312 742 1142 Ext 4649 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ELECTRONICS AVIONICS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTU NITIES Details FREE Aviation Employment Information Service Box 240E Northport New York 11768 TECHNICIANS Journeymen to 40 000 Apprentices to 32 000 Jobs Across US Learn where O amp M Research Dept P Box 879 Shingle Springs CA 95682 BOOKS amp MAGAZINES SATELLITE TV VIEWERS Get the most complete weekly listings Send 1 for sample copy h Satellite TV Week P O Box 308Z Fortuna CA 95540 800 358 9997 U S 800 556 8787 Callf 707 725 2476 all others MISCELLANEOUS DONATION 6 000 worth of 100 equipment to donate to IRS recognized tax deductible organization Call 213 657 2631 or write 1555 Rising Glen Rd Los Angeles CA 90069 WORLD S LARGEST COMPUTER MAGAZINE amp ELEC TBR ON ADVERTISERS INDEX RS no ADVERTISER PAGE no Active Electronics 86 Apple 22 23 Classified Advertising 90 94 Cleveland Institute of Electronics Inc 29 60 CompuServe 7 10 Conroy La Pointe 44 45 14 Digi key Corp 89 25 Eastman Kodak 2
209. ll up any of them without changing disks or worrying about your data disk filling up If you use your computer for a busi ness that requires large data files for cus tomer accounts inventory or account ing then you have to have a hard disk While some business software will keep track of how much room you have left on a data disk and tell you when to insert another changing disks often isn t very handy CONTINUOUS RECORDING HEADS 5 INCH AIRFILTER STEPPER MOTOR HARD DISK WINCHESTER POSITIONS ALL ASSEMBLY IN RECORDING HEADS FACTORY SEALED RIGID DISK _ COMPARTMENT DRIVE pe AS ON OFF INDICATOR ON FRONT PANEL SPINDLE MOTOR Pas ROTATES HARD gt DISKS CAST ALUMINUM PRINTED CIRCUIT CHASSIS BOARD DATA AND CONTROL ELECTRONICS Hard Disks and Floppies In storage and retrieval there isn t too much difference between hard disks and the more familiar floppies Both devices store data on sectors of concentric circu lar tracks on magnetic media A floppy drive may have from 40 to 80 tracks per surface Some floppies have one read write head and use only one side of the disk Others with two heads can store information on both sides Each track is logically divided into sectors of typically 256 or 512 bytes each On a floppy there are from 8 to 15 sectors per track A hard disk will put 17 or more sectors per track The floppy disk rotates at about 360 rpm while the fixed d
210. lose out an accounting period but some of these systems pro vide no convenient way to make correct ing journal entries to past closed peri ods or entries to a new period before the preceding period is closed out Be sure that the system you select handles these smoothly Accounts Receivable Many businesses consider automation of accounts receivable to be critical since it can have a profound effect on controlling cash flow Successful com puterization of this function is likely to ensure that your billings go out in a time ly fashion and also help you identify nonpayment quickly Open Item Versus Balance Forward Many receivables software systems store each customer s purchases in detail until paid open item while some just summarize the detail at the end of each month carrying forward only the total balance for the customer balance for ward The open item method is more complex requiring that each payment be credited specifically against the items purchased Some systems allow you to make a choice between the two methods initially and then use the same method for all customers Others allow you to make the choice separately for each cus tomer Invoicing All receivables systems al low you to print monthly statements to customers listing charges and credits Some systems also allow the printing of invoices for individual purchases if you send out many invoices this may save time If you choose
211. lps remove potential obstructions such as air bubbles Printer timing is adjusted by compar ing main clock timing with photo opti cal readings of a series of fine slits and large slots in a bar across the carriage width The fine slits indicate character position while the larger slots indicate column position And because the PJ 1080A does not guide the free flying drops they have an angular trajectory Since the PJ 100A is bidirectional the trajectory is different for each print head pass Delay timing adjustments are pro vided to ensure proper vertical dot align ment under these conditions Other ad justments compensate for such variables as differences in replacement parts The PJ 1080A has a 2 63 kHz driver clock rate which enables it to fire a max imum of 2630 drops second each dot having a diameter of 250 to 300 microns 0 010 This size allows the Canon to print 640 dots across a page The PJ 1080A is rated with a mean of 30 000 000 characters before failure Each of the Xerox 1700 s four print heads has four nozzles for the three colors and black to provide high resolution Computers amp Electronics Apple has announced a new software package that includes drivers for the Canon PJ 1080A Called Lisa 7 7 it combines seven office business functions into an integrated package Using Lisawrite Lisadraw and Lisagraph PJ 1080A users can integrate an exception al variety of color drawings and text w
212. lude the contents of roughly five fully stuffed floppies You can create as many different index disks as you need If you are working with a hard disk you can create a single index of up to 1500 files with ZyINDEX s standard version and up to 15 000 files with a Continued on page 85 PHOTO BY STEVE BORNS Shot at Thomas J Shananan Library Marymount Manhaltan College Computers amp Electronics Build IBM PC compati 5le Heathkit computer and save or buy assembled metals dis egerds junk eS S Computerized a weather station remembers weather to ald in forecasting World s first low 20 t Universal l hend he d m rocessor terminal intarfaces i Robotics technology controlled Real Time gt computer ham Y comes to lite in build E X Spectrum E e aria station for C ing HERO and Analyzer p RTTY D teaching it movement i gt speech and Eu di a manipulation r EX Learn cor puters programming with Micro processor Trainer and Course Yip e trace oscilloscope spesds troubleshooting More than just a catalog a trustworthy guide to wha s new in electronics and computers WERthk iy News about important product innovations is packed B into every page of the quarterly full color Heathkit 7 2s catalog Ever since radio became electronics tne il ho A 1 MER RCH Dept 010 286 and exciting kit products for people
213. ly Because of this structure Savvy programs work best when they are created as a series of small modular tasks each doing a single operation that are in turn called by other modules In fact Savvy only accepts tasks and func tions that are no more than 1000 bytes long or about 100 program statements Threaded interpretive structures take a little getting used to but they tend to yield very good results Each module can be tested and debugged interactively added to the vocabulary and then im mediately used to create other modules This sort of bottom up programming tends to reduce run time errors and pro duce very tight code It also allows the programmer to create vocabularies and structures tailored to the application be ing developed Savvy does a good job of introducing this approach and making it very easy to learn Savvy also provides some goodies for more advanced programmers For ex ample it allows the user to set a timer to execute a task at some later time inter rupting the then current task if required The timer could be used to allow an ap plication to execute a specific task at a specific time such as sending docu ments at night by modem or to check the system status periodically for exter nal events such as receipt of an incom ing message 34 Another nice feature for applications programmers is the ability to lock or prevent end users from directly invok ing programmer specified t
214. m Credit application form so t ADDRESS Alaska amp Canada Postal Foregn orders except Canada 18 25 minimum Monitors by Postal or lo foreign countries 30 30 manimum Orders received with can get cash discount prices insufticion SIH charges will be relundeo Ail prices availability and specilications subiect to errors or change without notice S0 Call to verity Ali goods are new include with credt card waranty and are guaranteed ta work Due to our low prices and our assurance that you will gel new unusec products ALL SALES ARE FINAL We do noi guarantee convenience 400 CITY STATE GPM PST Mendoy throngn Friday Bstarday 10 ta 4 GAM here is SAM in 4 j ed d uL n compatibility Cait before as vae fob for repau or replacement ORDER DEEK HOURS SAM MAIL TO 12060 SW Garaen Place Porland OR 972234 New York EconeRAM Fasirek rik ere trademarks of ComX Corporation ZIP mum MAUS ay TO 12060 SW Garden Place Pontana_ OR 972234 ORDER NOW 800 547 1289 FOR YOUR 2 PC XT AT or JR d LIST CONROY LIST CONROY x 256K SYSTEMS AST PRICE PRICE PRICE PRICE for P 195 SixPak Plus 64K 245 M UEM 3 398 275 CHIP KIT Call for Details SixPakPlus 256K S P CC S W 695 395 Sten Card 256K 6 450 1 49 256K TEF PC ee ld ee El MOUSE SYSTEMS PC Mouse 4 Paint 295 189 ji F C Preview Graphics Card w para gak 399
215. microcom p puters because they generally rely on electro mechanical impact It simply takes more time to move a lever or fire a coil than it does to switch a gate so mechanical systems are thousands of times slower than the computers that run them When printing systems oper ate with more direct electronics they are quicker One candidate for high speed output is the ink jet printer Ink jets have the po tential for printing text at the rate of an office copier or perhaps a duplicator To day prototype ink jet printers produce high resolution graphics at speeds mea sured in full page column inches per sec ond instead of characters per second cps Before long draft quality speeds might reach 300 to 600 cps and letter quality printers will accelerate proportionately What Today s Ink Jet Offers Current production ink jet printing rates begin at approximately 20 cps for color and run up to 150 cps for black and white about the range for low cost im pact printers Their prices are also comparable with their impact counterparts though ink jets especially color models listed for thousands more only 18 months ago But ink jet printers offer other advan tages over impact printers Because they don t depend on impact ink jet printers are quieter and mechanically simpler than daisy wheel and electro mechanical dot matrix printers They also can pro duce extremely fine dots have high reso lution and are dot addressab
216. more widely available but would also facilitate the updating of listings A similar technique could be used for merchandise and inventory cataloging and personnel databases either within a company or at an employment agency Graphic Design An inexpensive pack age that mixed video imaging with a paint program would be a godsend to many small graphic design shops An artist could capture an image from a physical design mockup or even a photo graph and then modify and enhance the Original and insert new text and comput er generated graphics Such a package is expected later this year from AT amp T Videotex Most current videotex data PPLICATIONS OF DIGITIZED VIDEO oro o mane bases present data either in simple ASCII format or by using the NAPLPS North American presentation level pro tocol syntax standard One of the early hopes for videotex was that advertisers and consumers would use it for shopping at home Perhaps one of the reasons for the somewhat lackluster response to videotex so far has been its inability to display high quality images that would interest consumers The VDA could possibly solve this problem A videotex user could use a home computer and acolor TV receiver along with a VDA board to browse through a photographic quality catalog Note that AT amp T will have NAPLPS software for the VDA board later this year How it will fare though depends on the acceptance of NAPLPS videotex Bad New
217. mputing including Lotus 1 2 3 dBASE II Multiplan the PFS series and even Flight Simulator Yet you still get an incomparable combination of hardware and software at a price that invites comparison MORE HARDWARE Each Silver Fox comes with an 8088 CPU 256K of RAM monochrome and color video and a printer port all on a single board Plus you get more than twice the storage of a standard PC 1 6 Megabytes on dual 5 1 4 floppys and the Fox will read and write to all popular PC formats Standard equipment also includes a better keyboard and a 12 high resolution green mono chrome monitor with a full 25x80 column display And although the Silver Fox doesn t have com patible expansion slots you can add serial ports modems plotters printers joysticks and 8087 co processor and or a hard disk Because the Silver Fox is born on a totally automated line in Japan it is simply more reliable than PC s that are assembled by hand So we back each Silver Fox with a one year limited warranty four times the industry standard FREE SILVERWARE Were this not enough each Silver Fox comes with the best free software bundle in the business including MS DOS 2 11 WordStar FILEBASE HAGEN DOS Easy Writer PC File III Color BASIC Mail Track PD Disk GW BASIC Spell Datemate OS Tutor Games Graphics CalcStar If you didn t think your 1397 could buy you this much computer call our machine at 1 800 FORA
218. n amp Craig Krum 36 Zylndex By Ron White 40 Smart Series By Lee D Zimskind COVER BY BARRY BLACKMAN ART BY LEONARDO DA VINCI VOLUME 23 NUMBER 4 Columns 8 The Computer Scientist By Forrest M Mims IIl Creating characters with an xy plotter 20 Bits amp Bytes R RRINGI By Sol Libes 73 Guest Column By Russell Griffin Victor Miller The How to Choose a Computer Book Book Departments 4 Editorial By Peter Costa On Innovation 6 Letters 73 New Products 86 Computer Mart Electronics Classified 94 Advertisers Index COPYRIGHT 1985 BY ZIFF DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY All rights reserved Computers amp Electronics ISSN 0032 4485 April 1985 Volume 23 Number 4 Published monthly by Ziff Davis Publishing Co at 3460 Wilshire Blvd Los Angeles CA 90010 Richard P Friese President Selwyn Taubman Treasurer Bertram A Abrams Secretary One year Subscription rate for U S and Possessions 16 97 Canada 21 97 all other countries 23 97 cash orders only payable in U S currency Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles CA 90052 and at additional mailing offices Authorized as second class mail by the Post Office Dept Ottawa Canada and for payment of postage in cash POPULAR ELECTRONICS including ELECTRONICS WORLD trademark registered Indexed in the Reader s Guide to Periodical Literature Ziff Davis also publishes Boating Car and Driver Cycle Flying Popular Photo
219. n Sensing etc Get protessional results inexpensively It s a safe learning tool for the Student Send check or money Order or request our free brochure DRIVER ELECTRONICS 797 Overhill Drive Dept S Hayward CA 94544 California residents add 6 sales tax CIRCLE NO 117 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Y LIONHEART 3JUSINE5S AND STATISTICAL SOFTWARE xuplanato y Books Compiled Software Expioratopy Data Analysis Experimertal Statistics Business Statistics Forecasting and Time Series Business end Economic Forecasting Monte Cado Simulation Linear anc Non Linear Programming Decisian Analysis Techniques PZRT and Critical Path A Optimisation JS DDS DEM Appie DOS 3 3 Macintosh SASIC LANGUAGE UTILITIES MS DOS BASIC COMPILER a PreBASIC VEMORY STRUCTURE CWERTY Word Processor MS DOS ISA MasterCard Check LIONHEART FO Box 379 Alburz VF 15440 EOLDEFFEILAE BUY SELL USED COMPUTER WITHOUT RISK M ewsletzer with ads to buy or sell lused hardware S12 yr Ads submitted with subscription ee at half price for total of S20 Ads 15 for ad amp subscription Buyer selects ad sends purchase price to Computer Swap Shop who holds it in escrow notifies Seller who ships to Buyer Buyer has 7 days to examine if not satis ed re urns equipment to Seller and gets money back If O K Seller receives sales price less small commission Must be a membe
220. n all sorts af helpful accesso ries Like a printer a modem for elec tronic mail a mouse for even easier operation and all the memory you need up to 640K If you d like to meet this terrific computer go to your nearest Author ized NCR Personal Computer Dealer Just ask for the computer every body gets along with For the name of your nearest dealer call toll free 1 800 544 3333 In Nebraska call 1 800 343 4300 Circie No 67 cn Free Information Card A BETTER PERSONAL COMPUTER IT EXACTLY WHAT YOU D EXPECT FROM NCR 1984 NCR Corporation APRIL 1985 46 Hard Disk Drives for the Masses By Tom Badgett Surprisingly affordable hard disks offer more capacity than floppies 52 Getting the Most out of Your Hard Disk By Winn L Rosch Manage your hard disk properly and get more use out of it 57 Buyer s Guide to Hard Disks 60 High Color Resolution Comes to Graphics By Winn L Rosch New AT amp T adapters get picture like images from micros 64 The Bottom Line on Accounting Software By Michael Guttman amp David Frankel What to look for in the new accounting software packages 68 Ink Jet Printers By Roger Snyder Quiet alternatives to impact printers at the speed of an office copier or duglizator Reviews 24 The NCR Personal Computer By Paul Bonner 26 QubieHardDisk By Joseph Desposito 30 DisCache By Jon Pepper 32 Savvy PC By Michael Guttma
221. n pana a n Ca 885 0 56 ARN M ADDIMICCNIS 63 Eee e we aam H4 SERIES 100 x 200 100 24 2 00 00 1 T e 54 LMIBION 344 DACOBDOLCN3 38 J00M 900 4009 EDGEBOARD CONNECTORS 1 wW 28 2 a 3 j FL LMOBABN 11 00 DACOBO7LCN2 0B 4W 9 10 M 7 20 M 5B0 M 4 80 M 390 M 3 65 M poemone fart No Par to 19 ds 100 1665 1 248 0 LMIBION 550 jW 1225 M 10 25 M 9 50 M855 M 685 Mat 70 mom 0 M tee o t 3 iem 4e e LM IB71N 6 50 10 20 C610 385 376 C51 295 2800 e 24 45 33 30 LM1872N B50 Lc 1530 C615 450 4340 C515 34 we X 100 7 629 RO 90298 2 04 Smcon Transistors 1734 C61 370 2580 C517 36 amp 20 100 109 916 30 16 3 68 LMIBB9N 4 3 18 36 1B 0 45 no 100 930 11 250 154 1368 CM2900N 2k NM WIR DX AR 39 3990 4 sio 1 81 1548 D m ES DIGI KEY 3 20 4 w 1000 100 316 2709 2572 250 54 68 3 LM2Q01N 124 Part No 244 Ce 560 5350 420 4040 PA o 250 A 1368 g LM2902N 124 f 2550 C625 595 5790 C525 450 4330 NASONIC V SERIES 250 1 64 4 LMOSQUN 124 2N3055 i 2356 C62 630 6540 C528 480 4500 Stack d Matalized Fi Capacitors 250 nee LM 2904N g interface 2N3904 23 18 90 3060 C63 840 8260 C530 495 48 250 64 P6h24 LMN d3 parn Pc 2N3906 23 18 90 173 31 82 C63 670 6570 C53 520 49 Paramater V SERIES 250 042 64 yi a n atk 5 9 35 gt PE525 LM2907N 344 agan 125 ve des 18 50 178 758 35 70 C638 780 76 C535 580 5610 Operenng Temperatura Range 40 pes k P6526 330 an 52 20 00 LM2907N 8 330 OS 4B9AN 126 Saat 24 9 50 178 751 36 72 C636 750 7360 C539 570 55509 Capacity Ranga
222. n spikes 150 1 ISOLATOR 3 isolated sockets quality spike anppression basie protection 81 95 180 3 SUPERASOLATOR 3 dual isolated sockets suppreseur comercial protection 8122 95 1850 17 MAGNUM ISOLATOR 4 quad isolated sockets Fuppreseor laboratory grade protection 8213 95 7 Electronic Specialists Inc 1718 Main Natick MA 01760 617 B55 1532 Toll Free Order Desk 1 800 225 4876 MasterCard VISA American Expresa Circle No 51 on Free information Card Put Professional Knowledge and a COLLEGE DEGREE in your Electronics Career through HOME DEGREE No commuting to class Study at your own pace while you continue your present job Learn from Grantham easy to understand lessons with help from your home study instructors You can earn your B S Degree in the Grantham electronics degree pro Zyindex Continued from page 36 takes about a minute to index a file of two or three pages Indeed it took me 19 minutes to index 18 files that totaled a ut 150K bytes Still if you have a sub stantial collection of files on either a higher priced professional version of the program Both versions recognize path names in DOS 2 0 or higher Minuses and Pluses I found that creating the index disx was the only drawback this otherwise ex tremely helpful program had You can not of course take advantage of ZyINDEX s abilites unless you have created at lea
223. n the possible number of files that can be stored no matter how they are arranged in folders Moreover because the Mac reads all the directories of all disks available to it into its random access memory RAM to sort out the file and folder arrangements the memo ry capacity of the original 128K non fat Mac puts another limitation on the number of files you can manage With out some means of deassigning virtual disks the entire capacity of an add on hard disk might not be available to you If the software supplied with a Mac hard disk does not work around these inher ent limitations you may be surprised to find that you cannot use the entire ca pacity available on the hard disk A little planning in setting up the file relation ships in such systems however can make more efficient use of space and al low you to use more of the hard disk Moving Up The add on software fixes that might be supplied with hard disk sys 53 above 10 g should be avoided Rough Hard Disk Drives tems to make them work with Apple DOS 3 3 or PC DOS 1 1 do not add the full tree structure to the systems that lack it Rather such programming patches merely allow you to break the hard disk up into a number of virtual disk drives or user areas each of which functions entirely independently and has its own directory These multiply the number of files you can have to a useful amount Even with such patches the tree structur
224. nd the degree of character slant line 80 These specifica tions are then sent to the plotter by the HPGL instructions in line 90 The actual letters are drawn by the UC instructions in lines 110 E 210 X 310 T and 410 T If the word is to be printed vertically FS V lines 130 230 and 330 employ the HPGL character plot CP instruction to move the pen one character space back and one character space down after each let ter is drawn The x y coordinate pairs following each UC instruction are plotted relative to the previous coordinates Pen up and pen down commands are replaced re spectively by the numbers 99 and 99 Each character is designed to occupy the lower left corner of a standard HPGL character space field divided into 6 hori zontal units and 16 vertical units The characters themselves have a width of 4 units and a height of 8 units Figure 8 shows a typical EXIT sign Figs 4 6 Individual characters with superimposed grids and relative x y Porras R o O 11 ei 2 x Caca coc amp oat MT RELAT ve Pte vious Por Fua Pamen Pea UP Yo coordinates for each turning point Mal Computers amp Electronics mE ter set Furthermore the dimensions of a custom symbol or character relative to those of a standard character can be much larger or smaller All that s neces sary is to modify the position of the char acter or symbol within the assigned
225. ne Anoth er useful command UNDELETE rein states whatever text was last removed using the DELETE command not the de lete key It s also helpful that the system creates a backup of the file when the SAVE command is issued you can over ride this feature A unique feature of the Smart Word Processor is its ability to incorporate graphs and charts created by other Smart applications into a document For example to incorporate a graph within the text you specify the size of the graph small medium or large and the text is automatically wrapped around it Unfortunately the graph is not displayed on the screen but a shaded area indicates the space on the page that the graph will occupy when printed The Smart System allows the user to select the display mode for a file black amp white color or graphics In the graph ics mode underlining boldface and such fonts as italics are actually dis played the Smart System supplies ten font choices and allows you to create two more In the color mode you have com plete control over the colors of the back ground data and borders Special fonts are shown as different colors but under lining and boldface are only indicated by the status line The word processor also lets you put footnotes either at the bottom of the page or at the end of the document endnotes Smart Spreadsheet The Smart Spreadsheet program has a unique storage management scheme Conventiona
226. ne toll free 1 800 547 5444 In California call 1 800 547 5447 In California call 1 800 547 5447 Getting the Most Continued from page 56 software producers offer enhanced back up software to make the task easier IBM offers a set of utilities to facilitate mark ing files to be backed up and to copy them into named directories Such rou tines that know which files have been changed since the last backup are helpful when you re working with a large num ber of files Current versions of MS DOS have Backup and Restore utilities that use the compressed multiple floppy technique as part of the operating sys tem Complicated software such as an integrated accounting package may work with a large number of relatively big files in a manner transparent to the user It would be hard to do a manual backup of such files because you proba bly wouldn t know exactly which files were being used and updated at any giv en time Multiple subdirectories fre quently are involved which makes the job even harder Cogitate s Dump Restore XT includes a number of back up options to help you keep adequate re serve data The flaw with many of these approaches is that you still have to re member to do the backup yourself me ON T Phone toll free 1 800 547 5444 or send coupon today PHONE 235112 Circle No 12 on Free information Card 82 Some large computer operating sys tems automatically maintain bac
227. nevitable changes occur Virtually all payroll systems compute gross pay government tax withholdings and common types of employee deduc tions for a variety of standard pay peri ods Most will also print checks which may be more trouble than it s worth for smaller firms In addition information required for reporting to government agencies is accumulated and consoli dated Make sure your system handles state and local tax requirements and any special deductions you require The Payoff Automating your accounting is a ma jor project There is very little glamour here only hard and unrelenting work However if you are careful and realistic computerizing can more than pay for it self in the long run The right system will save time effort and money in keeping the books and it will help you to exercise greater and more timely control over every aspect of your business In the long run it will al low you to focus more of your attention on the more rewarding and creative as pects of your business may be accessing and updating the same data concurrently There are special technical problems that arise when si multaneous access to the same account ing data is required If you will ever need such access you will have to purchase an accounting package designed to operate properly in a multi user system Other wise your financial database could suffer serious damage from such multi user ac cess as when two people
228. ng reports or for on screen viewing The Smart Data Manager has a flexi ble report generator that allows the user to print reports in form table or combi nation formats The program also lets you easily translate dBase II files to Smart files I had a 500 record library in dBase II that was converted to a Smart database in about 15 minutes Integration Any module of the Smart System can send or receive data from any other module in the system Sending data from the spreadsheet graphics or data man ager to the word processor works quite smoothly Going the other way can bea problem I tried to send a spreadsheet to the word processor use the word proces sor commands to edit a column of text and send the updated document back to the spreadsheet program The problem I had was that each word of text was load ed into a different cell in the spreadsheet The solution was to write a macro see below in the word processor that sur rounded each of the text entries with quotation marks and then send the docu ment back to the spreadsheet Uncommon Common Features The Smart System allows the work area to be split into different windows Windows cannot overlap each other but any window may be made to occupy the full work area by use of the ZOOM com mand The windows may contain differ ent parts of the same file or different files One feature I liked allows the user to choose colors for each window when using the color display
229. ning The next five years will show dramatic improvements not only in speed Printer driver software will be greatly improved and available for a wider range of printers for one thing While almost any software package will drive just about any standard printer most color printers currently have only narrow support For example it is currently possible to print a full page of 8 5 X 11 b amp w graphics in a couple of seconds When a print head such as the HP is combined DOLLARS Lisa 7 7 Software Color Printing Capability usihg the Canon PJ 10804 Ink Jet Printer Lisa 7 7 software and Canon PJ 1080A team up for color graph demonstration orange P put E iB a a B a et O black a D e o a H le o 2 with other existing technologies fast high resolution ink jet printers will ar rive at prices within the reach of most computer consumers Combining other printing methods with ink jet principles should yield other improvements One method would in crease driver frequency With a decrease in drop size a drop on demand system at high frequencies would simulate a continuous stream system If the number of continuously firing streams were increased dramatically it would be possible to increase the number of available drops by orders of magni tude over the present rates Since many more drops would be formed than could be used at once each jet stream
230. nty treatment to the ZIP CODE indexing procedure MAIL COUPON TO J ZyINDEX comes on three floppy JCE USA PO BOX 9100 disks The one containing the main pro Westborough Mass 01581 WC M md gram 1s copy protected although a Montreal Quebec H4P 1N1 back up copy 1s available for 15 The i install program requires you to create Fl SEMICONDUCTORS PASSIVE COMPONENTS e DATA BOOKS ve ABAY ECR He PROCEED IN ed HOURS l CRYSTALS CHEMICALS e POWER SUPPLIES e HARDWARE two additional disks The process of set QUALITY CURRENT DATE CODES e LEADING MFR S TEST INSTRUMENTS e BREADBOARDING e SOCKETS e SOLOER h SAVINGS VOLUME DISCOUNTS e TOLL FREE NO SWITCHES e MICROCOMPUTERS e TOOLS e TRANSFORMERS KITS ting up t e program for indexing takes a SELF SERVE STORES ARE OPEN AT 8 00 AM WIRE amp CABLE HEAT SINKS e RELAYS e FANS e CAPACITORS e lot of switching of floppies at one point i it took me three tries to figure out which rd E disk was supposed to go in which drive m icis FEF Pga Pho AET mad Pa Once I had the procedure mastered the ary Qty Price Qty Price program s menus stepped me through 05500 7400 3 05634 2 05770 74LS00 4 120 05908 74LSi51 5 235 05502 7400 5 05636 gt 05772 74LS00 10 275 05909 7418153 2 1 00 indexing easily enough but I wish the 05504 740 3 05638 i 05774 74LS01 4 120 05911 74LS155 2 130 manual and tutorial were more precise 5506 7402 3 05776 74 802 4 120 05912 74LS156 2 115 i 3 3
231. od Money Troubleshooting Any Brand of Computer The biggest growth in jobs between now and 1995 according to Department of Labor estimates will occur in the computer service and repair business where demand for trained tech nicians will actually double You can cash in on this opportunity either as a full time corporate technician or an independent service person once you ve learned all the basics of computers the NRI way NRI s practical combination of reason why theory and hands on building skills starts you with the fundamentals of electronics then guides you through advanced electronic circuitry and on into computer electronics You also learn to program in BASIC and machine language the essential languages for troubleshooting and repair You Build and Keep a Sanyo MBC 550 2 The vital core of your training is the step by step building of the 16 bit Sanyo MBC 550 2 computer Once you ve mastered the details of this state of the art machine you ll be qualified to service and repair virtually every major brand of computer plus many popular peripheral and accessory devices With NRI training you learn at your own conven jence in your own home You set the pace without class room pressures rigid night school schedules or wasted time You build the Sanyo MBC 550 2 from the keyboard NRl instructor and the com plete NRI technical staff ready SS yg gg T3717 113 21 m Eg E
232. od and says you re you But do wear running shoes or comfortable laced Oxfords with real support you could be standing at the computer book shelf for a good long time And if you re lucky enough to have a job or pro fession jot it down on a 3 X 5 card and slip it in your shirt pocket before you leave home We ll tell you why later Beiug There Walk right on in It s that simple Chances are you ll find yourself in the middle of the computer books Roughly 93 of all books pub lished these days are about computers or bv Peter McWilliams or both But if you find yourself drowning in a broth of cookbooks don t panic Ask a clerk Next assume a natural stance hands Russell Griffin is a university professor aud also writes science fiction Victor Miller a screen writer and novelist wrote the horror film Friday the 13th ART BY YVONNE BUCHANON rm Hi in your pockets or outside them with your thumbs along your seams and pick a shelf the top one or the next down is best if you don t want a crick in the old neck And look Enough to make your head spin isn t it But don t lose heart We re right behind you Now a lot of people in the field say the next step is to divide them all into two piles books by Peter McWilliams and books by people who wish they were Pe ter McWilliams But frankly we don t see the point Aside from the neat white covers on Pete s pile they re both
233. of elapsed time of call Command file power and flexibility Remote takeover and operation And much more There is a CROSSTALK version for almost every CP M CP M 86 or IBM DOS based microcomputer system See your dealer or write for a brochure MIC OSTUF 1000 Holcomb Woods Parkway Roswell Georgia 30076 CROSSTALK is a trademark of Microstuf Inc CP M and CP M 86 are trademarks of Digital Research Inc BM is a trademark of Internaticnal Business Machines Inc Circie No 4 0n Free information Card 0 8 pt 9 apes diga ls A O9 a D 6 t t L E LJ LJ Hu GO FOR THE BEST REGARDLESS OF COST EVEN IF IT S CHEAPER 7 slots Standard of which 4 remain open after expansion to 640K after expansion to 640K THE LEADING EDGE THE IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER PERSONAL COMPUTER Display Hi res monochrome display Monochrome display 2795 standard Monochrome controller 250 Memory 256K Standard 256K Standard Speed 7 16 MHz and 4 77 MHzStandard 4 77 MHz Only Expandability Expandable to 640K Expandable to 640K A No additional boards Must add two boards Disk Drives 2 360KB Drives Standard One Drive Standard u Additional Drive 425 Battery Backed Clock Calendar Standard f Not available from IBM Ports Both Parallel and Serial Standard Serial 100 5 slots Standard of which none remain open Warranty One Full Ye
234. on of Minneapolis MN a leader in word processor and office automation systems What attracted these two companies to invest in this small Rocky Mountain start up is ISI s first optical disk drive It offers high capacity write once read in definitely storage in an optical disk the size of a 514 floppy Their first product was demonstrated to the press at last winters Comdex show in Las Vegas The 525 WC has a user capacity of 100M bytes a data transfer rate of 2 5 million bits sec and an average access time of less than 200 msec Otherwise the 525 WC closely resembles a removable Win chester drive Its size mounting points and footprint are identical to full height hard disk or floppy disk drives Unlike compact discs or laser discs however the ISI product isn t stamped out on a press like records or donuts Rather it is an encapsulated optical me dium that offers a clean environment with air space in which a laser can burn has better access time Seagate s Al Shugart agrees but be lieves that doesn t mean an end to the 51 drive The 5 4 and the 3 drives will live together but once there is a 20M byte 315 the 51 will have higher capacity Indeed Siemens already is showing a 300M byte 51 4 drive and is promising 500M bytes or more in a single package Drives like this are designed for high ca pacity stand alone workstations in engi neering design and in networking Networking We re
235. ons for independent windowing of the screen particularly odd since Savvy pro vides very straightforward functions for saving and restoring any number of whole screens Pop Screen and Push Screen Arithmetic computations are also a weak area Savvy supports only addi tion subtraction multiplication divi sion and integer truncation These are certainly enough for many applications but hardly represent a robust set of com putational tools Once again Savvy sur prised us by its lack of trigonometric and logarithmic functions and its inclusion of a full set of bit manipulation functions such as AND OR and XOR Our biggest disappointment however was Savvy s filing system a key element of the product We were dismayed to dis cover that Savvy only supports one in dex per file and that this index always uses the file s first field as the sole index ing key This is a real inconvenience and a serious shortcoming especially since database managers that support multi ple indexes and allow multiple field keys are now the norm Add to this Savvy s inability to access files on more than one volume and you have a set of limitations that might not be noticed by a novice user but would drive even a minimally experienced programmer up the wall Another major weak point is Savvy s support of applications development Savvy does not provide an integrated set of tasks to help the user create input Hard Disk Driv
236. onsider at these programs gene sort of security d be built into the Aanagement Some sys natically analyze discount ge terms and prioritize in ayment You should be able these priorities Remember these systems probably handle its only by the gross method as oed above curring Entries With many sys S you can enter payments that you ve to make on a regular basis If you ave many recurring payments this fea ture could save time and trouble Inventory Many integrated financial accounting software systems have an inventory module It s vital to understand that these systems are usually designed for retail inventory and are thus not gener ally suitable for use in wholesale and manufacturing businesses If your inven tory system is not precisely matched to your method of doing business you may soon wish you had never automated Retail Inventory Retail inventory tends to lend itself to general solutions because each item of merchandise in a retail operation has a precise cost to the retailer and a retail price You should be able to maintain back orders and define reorder points for each item Some sys tems automatically create purchase or Help and Preparation Continued from page 67 pay periods do you have per year What is the maximum number of time card en tries you make per period For Inventory How many items do you have in your inventory How is your inventory acco
237. oods by such standard methods as FIFO first in first out LIFO last in first out or av erage Your firm however may well have special requirements which means custom software particularly if you reg ularly revalue inventory to account for shrinkage or shelf life Payroll Payroll is a controversial area Some financial accounting experts insist that most small and medium size businesses all other relevant ones Unfortunately this arrangement can be a headache as well especially if the update of all mod ules is simultaneous You may find it hard to back out of an erroneous entry Make sure that those modules that need integration have it and those that don t need it can be operated independently Multiple Workstations Lastly you will have to decide wheth er you will need more than one workstation in operation on the system simultaneously This decision is particu larly critical for point of sale or order entry systems where many operators would be best off submitting their pay rolls to banks or service bureaus for batch processing The big problem is pe riodic changes in tax rates and related government regulations However many businesses prefer to keep their payroll information private and they may also want tight automatic interfaces between payroll and general ledger which the batch services cannot provide They should make sure howev er that any software they buy will be supportable when the i
238. or cause data loss 6 mo warranty Power dissipation 100 microseconds 100 2 000 000 watts PART NO DESCRIPTION PRICE MODEL 75 4 Sockets On Ott Switch es ss 49 95 MODEL 85 6 Sock Super Filters On Ot Switch 59 95 MODEL 100 6 Sock Super Filters Low Volt Alarm 69 95 MODEL 110AMS 6 Sockets Super Filters Auto Master Switch coo 99 95 DATASHIELD Back Up Power Source Protect your computer from btack outs DrOwn out power surges and hne noise PTI s PC200 is designed for PCs with floppy disk memory the XT300 ior hard disk memory and the ATBOO for mult user systems A lypical compatible PC to each of Ihese standbys will be supported for 15 to 25 minutes after B E 18 power 15 lost Weght PC200 24 Ibs XT300 375 Ibs AT500 83 tbs i ATBOO 83 Ibs PC200 200 watt Rating 299 95 XT300 300 want Rating 5399 95 AT500 500 watt Rating 699 95 AT800 799 95 800 Watt Rating ProModem 1200 and Options a PROMETHEUS Intelligent 300 1200 Baud Telephone Modem with Real Time Clock Calendar The ProModem is a Bell 212A 300 1200 baud intelli gent Stand alone modem Full featured expandable modem Standard features include Auto Answer and Auto Diat Help Commands Programmable Intelligent Dialing Touch Tone and Pulse Dialing amp More Hayes aE command set Compatible plus an additional extended command set Sh
239. ork area and the system area that is the bottom four lines on the screen In all applications the user toggles with the Esc key be tween two modes of operation the data entry mode for entering information into the work area and the command mode for selecting various system options The top two lines in the system area contain a control section for selecting commands and responding to prompts The third line is a status line that con tains information that varies with the application being used The last line is used for an optional display of help information These bottom lines by the way are used by all applications in the Smart Sys tem in the same way This consistency of commands is one of the strengths of the Smart System There are always five lists of commands You choose one of the lists 1 to 5 and then either by high lighting the command with the cursor and pressing the ENTER key or by typing the first letter you invoke the command In addition you can select among many 40 commands by using a quick key method which means using either the CTRL or the ALT key in conjunction with a letter For example the file handling commands for loading and saving data are always on command list 4 or are in voked by a quick key ALT L for load ing and ALT S for saving The Smart System s help screens in voked by pressing the Fl key are con text sensitive In most cases pressing the
240. othing but the me chanical design of the head mounting mechanism to keep the heads from bouncing off the platter and crashing back down hard enough to damage the media or the heads It is this at rest stress tolerance you Tandon s logical cylinders at left contain all the data on parallel tracks on all recording surfaces A 10M byte drive with 305 tracks would have 305 cylinders Hard disk drives from left to right Top row NEC Tallgrass Tecmar middle Legacy Davong bottom TeamMate lomega IBM need to question when evaluating me chanical reliability of drives Lapine Technologies which specializes in 3Y drives for portable computers claims its patented head mechanism that lifts the head off of the disk when rotation stops enables its drives to absorb up to 100 g of force in the non operating mode Other manufacturers claim 40 g but 10 20 seems to be the norm Virtually any body s drive will operate with good me chanical integrity on a desktop But if you re planning an installation in a por table machine stress tolerances become very important Another problem to keep in mind is that most systems are composed of disk drives from one manufacturer and con trollers from another Most subsystem packagers use more than one drive source to be sure of a good supply They may manufacture their own controller or they may buy it Some companies such as Tallgrass Technologies on the
241. ow Power 4116 250 4116 200 4116 150 4164 200 4164 150 TMS4164 15 2708 2716 2716 1 TMS2532 2732 2732A 35 2732A 2732A 2 2764 250 2764 200 27128 16384x1 16384x1 16384x1 65536x1 65536x1 65536x1 DYNAMIC RAMS 250ns 200ns 150ns 200ns 5V 150ns 5V 150ns 5V 5V Single 5 Vott Supply EPROMS 1024x8 2048x8 2048x8 4096x8 4096x8 4096x8 4096x8 4096x8 8192x8 8192x8 1638Ax8 450ns 450ns 5V 350ns 5V 450ns 5V 450ns 5V 350ns 5V21V PGM 4 95 250ns 5V 21V PGM 6 95 200ns 5V 21V PGM 10 95 250ns 5V 5 25 200n5 5V 8 95 250ns 5V 13 95 5V Single 5 Volt Supply21V PGM Program at 21 Volts scle No 22 on Free information Card 8039 808 8085 8087 8088 8155 874 820 8205 8212 821 822t 823 gt 8242 825C 82514 825 825 825 8256 825 825 827t 827 8282 8284 8286 Z 80 280 CPU 280 972 280A CPU 280A CTC Z80A PIO MM5369 6500 4 95 5 49 6502 6522 6502A 6800 7 95 8 95 2 95 6802 6809E 6821 6845 6850 3 25 6883 22 95 DISK CONTR 1771 15 95 1791 23 95 1793 23 95 2791 54 95 2793 INTERFACE 8T28 1 98 8T97 89 DM8131 2 95 DP8304 2 29 9334 2 50 9368 3 95 CLOCK CHIPS 1 95 MM58167 8 95 MSM5832 3 95 DATA ACQ ADC0804 3 49 ADCO0809 ADC0817 9 95 SOUND CHIPS 5 95 12951 54 95 4 49 CRYSTALS 32 768 KHz 10 738635 14 31818 15 0 16 0 17 430 2
242. own w alphanumeric display Option Part No Description Price PM1200 RS 232 Stand Alone Unit 1 36 be edt oo ESTE S 349 95 PM1200A Apple Il It and e Internal Unit 369 95 PM1200B IBM PC and Compatible Internal Unit 269 95 PM1200BS IBM PC 4 Comp Int Unit w ProCom Software 319 95 MAC PAC Macintosh Package re eer gt sah em plu eS 399 95 Includes PM1200 Cable amp ProCom Software OPTIONS FOR ProModem 1200 PM COM ProCom Communication Software 79 95 Please specify Operating System PM OP Options Processoren emo pub eio pen o mu 2 79 95 PMO 16K Options Processor Memory 16K po ed 10 95 PMO 32K Options Processor Memory 32K 20 95 PMO 64K Options Processor Memory 6B4K 39 95 PM ALP Alphanumeric Display 22 mesi sitten 79 95 PM Special includes Options Processor 64K Memory and Alphanumeric Display s s KEYBOARDS Mitsumi 54 Key Unencoded ERELEEAL All Purpose Keyboard AAA dU 189 95 SPST keyswitches 20 pin ribbon cable connec tion Low profile keys Features Cursor Controls control caps lock function enter and shift keys Color keycaps grey Wt 1 Ib Pinout included 13 a L x A 4 W x H 82 Key ASCII Cherry Keyboard 7 bit parallel ASCII 1 3 key numeric keypad Cursor keypad SPST mechanical keyswitches 4 illuminat
243. part of the path structure The tree structured approach has two important advantages It allows you to organize your disk into manageable ar rangements of related files stacked if you want in order of importance while it increases the number of files that the Operating system can manage almost to infinity The current PC DOS for exam ple will permit 512 separate files in the root directory of a hard disk but any or all of these may be subdirectories and there s no limit to the number of files that may be contained in each subdi rectory Apple s ProDOS uses a similar arrangement except the root volume directory is limited to 51 entries forcing the hard disk user to be somewhat more careful in directory management Sapling Structured Directories Sometimes a system that appears to have real directory trees for instance Apple s Macintosh lacks their underly ing software structure Although the Finder what the user sees of the Mac op erating system gives you the organiza tional benefits of tree structured directo ries by letting you put files in folders and folders within folders the Operating sys tem itself does not organize 1ts memory with a tree structure Rather it main tains a special file to tell the Finder what s where Because the Finder maintains the names of all the files in the directory in one fixed place the Macintosh presents the same limitation that earlier Operat ing systems did o
244. phisticat ed analysis such as a statement of changes in financial condition or special financial ratios Gather and analyze samples of all the types of financial statements that you have been producing or that you would like to produce Most general ledger sys tems allow you to customize your finan cial reporting somewhat but make sure that the system you buy allows you to tailor your statement formats to your needs Recurring Journal Entries Do you have a large number of journal entries to make each period such as rent and de preciation If so you may need a system that allows you to list these recurring en tries once and have them generated auto matically each period Departmentalization Some compa nies divide their business into separate departments or cost centers If your firm does so do you assign subaccounts to each account where the subaccounts correspond to the different depart ments Or do you assign entirely sepa rate account numbers for similar ac counts that are associated with different departments Your system should be able to cope with your style Consider also how you plan to allocate overhead An accounting system should correspond exactly to the way the firm actually does business A MM A costs such as rent or utilities among the various departments Entries to Other Periods Be aware of another issue that has frustrated many users Most general ledger systems have a procedure to c
245. phone systems Now IBM is reorganizing its entire corporate struc ture to give increasing emphasis to tele communications IBM has created a new Information Systems amp Products Group IS PG that joins the already existing Information Systems Com munications Group IS amp CG These groups developing new products that integrate computers and communica tions will probably become quite signifi cant in IBM Santa Favored the PCjr and llc gt Christmas 1984 saw big changes in the home computer market Previously Commodore Atari and Coleco domi nated This year IBM and Apple cut ting prices on the PCjr and IIc moved in Coleco for one has dropped out en tirely Second while sales of the Com modore 64 were good they weren t greater than those of the previous year Moreover the new Commodore Plus 4 machine sold far below the company s expectations Atari has slashed prices on the 600XL and 800XL which stimulat ed sales But the Christmas hit was the IBM April 1985 PCjr The jr long an IBM embarrass ment was transformed over the sum mer with a new keyboard memory ex pansion and the Lotus 1 2 3 car tridge into a hot seller Sales started to pick up in September and just about doubled each month up through Christ mas Of course spending about 40 mil lion of promotion in the last quarter of fering dealers a 250 rebate including a free color monitor throwing in 200 worth of softw
246. plan and a number of disk intensive graphics programs DR Graph AutoCad and Graphstation Whenever the RAM cache becomes ef fective operations run exceptionally fast However in some instances for ex ample the first time you access a file speed slows to typical hard disk only performance PHOTO BY BOB LORENZ Formatting the Disk Once you make the physical connec tions you boot the operating system disk on drive A insert the CacheNet System Creator disk supplied with DisCache on drive B and run the Setup program You then enter the system as the Man ager and divide the unit into volumes A F are permitted on the hard disk with G and H reserved for your floppy disk drives Any volume can be from 1M to 10M bytes up to the limit of your storage The rest of the procedure the same most hard disk units use involves the transfer of any of your application programs to the hard disk Networking You can turn DisCache into a file server for a multi user system by using the associated CacheNet software The possibility of sharing access turns single user software into multi user through the use of dynamic record lock ing which prevents two users from working the same files at the same time With the System Creator disk you can assign access names and security codes for users and control which files they can read and or write to You are given a number of ways to protect sensi tive data in a multi user
247. prii special 18 membership COMPUTER REPAIRS c dU D E A REPAIRING THE COMMODORE 64 manual 14 95 WM Micro Box 3287 DEPS Dartmouth N S Canada B2W 5G2 COMMODORE 64 AA I IM IIIma amaaan AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE DIALER INTERFACE can make you rich FREE revealing details Microtronics Money Making Systems 355 California Drive A4 Burlingame CA 94010 COMMODORE 64 SOFTWARE Free price list WMJ Data Systems Dept CEC64 4 Butterfly Drive Hauppauge NY 11788 FUN AND EDUCATION 64 owners exciting history games by instructional designer Send 3 00 for demonstration disk and price list Culver Instructionai Design 201 Pa mela Drive Loveland CO 80537 A L COMMODORE 64 Unhappy with the program you rec d with the modem Want 38K of memory Want to print put on DISK TAPE the info you re paying for Our software does Menu driven Ease of Basic speed of machine code 16 95 Tape Disk 2 00 Shipping TwH Electronics 2 Stacey Goffstown NH 30345 TIME X SINCLAIR TS2068 FLOPPY DISK INTERFACT and CPM Here at last Aerco Box 18093 Austin TX78760 512 451 5874 A E E A A UR DUUM E ME SPEECH synthesizer Timex T92068 1500 1000 specify ML program multiple vocabularies flexible memory re quirements very intelligible Comes complete Includes 273 words Expandable 16 95 p p TAD PAINTER Box 166055 Irving TX 75016 a ATTENTION TS2068 owners Easily convert to a UK Spectrum S
248. py Cont Card accepts 3 modules 265 205 PRICE PRICE Single Function Board CDC Limited 30 day warranty Cail for quantity prices Ha dDisk F Module 499 399 KEY TRONIC KB5151 Jr Keyboard 255 195 Full Height 149 eds Cabe 30 2T KOALA Touch Tablet for Ji 125 75 25 Senal Port Module S 95 79 mouse SYSTEMS Mouse for Jr 195 125 Half Height 129 Bass ee T MICROSOFT 128K Booster w Mouse 495 329 With Fastrak and Spoole MAYNARD Controller Card w para port 300 185 dme e Je Serial Mouse 195 139 Full tible 1 Year Limited Warranty Controller Card w senal port S10 O ey ek IEPS QUADRAM Quatmeryt 128K 512K PICC 275 215 7 citings ae DN Y d ion Chassi r ETOT Ceo s 16 EE 10 meg Hard Disk Kit amp Cont Card 1595 1150 TECMAR Kk Cavan 395 345 Pnces and availability subject to change Call BUSINESS 2 BUSINESS BUSINESS LIST CONROY UTILITIES LiST CONROY LIST COWADY LIST CONROY PRICE PRICE PRICE PRICE PRICE PRICE PRICE PRICE APPLIED SOFTWARE VersaFonn 389 249 LIVING VIDEOTEXT Think Tank 195 105 SOFTWARE PUBL PFS Report 125 79 MOUSE SYSTEMS PC Paint 99 69 ASHTON TATE Framework 695 345 LOTUS 1 2 3 495 309 PrSFile 140 89 NORTON Utilities 14 prgms New Version 100 65 dBase I 695 360 Symphony 695 465 PFS Write 140 89 OPEN SYSTEMS BASIC Interpreter 195 130 dBase I
249. r the stationary head is called latency and is fairly constant for 1OM byte drives that use the ST 506 interface standard The ST 506 interface standard re quires that the metha be formatted by the end user That means that the com puter and controller write information on the disk to define the tracks and sec tors Thats why the manufacturer s drive specifications may say the disk holds 12 6M bytes unformatted and 10M bytes formatted Some of the disk space is used to tell the controller what the tracks look like and where they are on the disk Most of the low priced 10M byte disks use what might be considered a brute force head positioning scheme The controller instructs the drive to get information from a specific track and sector The stepper motor is pulsed the correct number of times to step the head to the track requested and a read or write is conducted While the hardware associated with head positioning is fairly precise factors such as temperature variations and bearing wear can cause track positioning to slip Since single density tracks are only about 1100 mi Tom Badgett is a Technical Editor of Computers amp Electronics Courtesy Tandon Corp 47 April 1985 LA Wipe S y Hi i Tandon s aluminum disks are bathed in solution to form thin film cobalt and nickel coatings smoother and more rugged than oxide coated media cro inches millionths of an inch wide double
250. r limita tion Higher prices for optical storage is why the Winchester might preside over pc mass storage for years ISI expects however to sell its 100M byte 5Y optical disk drives on an OEM basis for 1000 by late 1985 about double the price of a 1OM byte magnetic disk And Connor emphasizes that for cost per megabyte its optical disk is the lowest priced storage available Ten times the capacity at twice the price is quite a bargain don t you think o rea a as a m t sp e m tate 51 GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR HAR DISK DRIVE Unless properly managed a hard disk can leave you adrift in a sea of data BY WINN L ROSCH HARD disk boosts the speed and A storage capacity of your person al computer but it also can cause calamity and confusion With a single error you can wipe out weeks of work And without proper organization you may find yourself drowning in a sea of unusable data To avoid hard disk hardships you need to have the proper software and to know how to use it The right operating system will help you to organize your hard disk memory and to use it with more convenience and speed Planning your backup needs before you commit irreplaceable data to a fragile technology will save you time and headaches Updating Your Operating System Programs and data are stored on hard disks in files the same way that they are on floppy disks A special program cal
251. r or intensity of indi vidual pixels The ICB benefits even more from us ing AT amp T s RARAM technology than does the VDA Compared to other per sonal computer video digitizers the ICB is fast It can record a full screen image in real time 1 60 second Moving Pictures VDA or ICB for that matter format images can be transmitted by modem from one computer to another simply by sending the appropriate files which can be captured to disk at the receiving end Another clever AT amp T innovation is an image coding algorithm that allows a pleasing quarter screen sized VDA compatible image to be transmitted in just 15 seconds at 1200 bits per second A conventional line by line transmission would take 2 minutes Rather than sending individual lines the algorithm breaks the entire picture into a small number of large blocks for instance four A color value is first transmitted for each block Each block is then subdivided into smaller blocks and their color values are sent Each of the smaller blocks is fur ther subdivided and so on The blocks get steadily smaller and the image gets steadily more detailed High color resolution imaging is un likely to replace conventional display methods for most applications word processing spreadsheeting or database management Undoubtedly however the new technology will spawn new ap plications particularly in visual commu nications and personal computer based art and vid
252. r to uy or sell NO RISK BONDED COMPIJTER SWAP SHOP INC P O BOX 2988 DELRAY BEACH FL 33444 BYTE ilk Quality silkscreened T in your choice of color and size mcdes O Blue Red O Black OSM OMED OLG OX LG Send 10 includes postage amp han dling per shirt to ZERO E 8306 Wilshire Blvd Suite 141 Beverly Hills CA90211 CA Residents add 6 2 sales tax Please allow 4 6 wks for delivery SOFTWEAR FOR THE FRIENDLY USER IRCLE NO 118 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 505 0505 05725 25 0605 06 8015 D D C Written by a college professor in a friendly and informative style this book is a gold mine of practical information on how to build a variety of useful interfaces tor your computer Over 30 projects including cassette interface printer interface expansion bus light pen RS 232 interface more user ports thermometer speech synthesizer and two other voice pro jects A D and D A converters 5 telephone interfaces including a sophisticated voice mail project motor controllers AC power control logic analyzer capacitance meter spectrum analyzer home security system and many more 16 95 postpaid Foreign orders add 3 for AIR MAIL shipping VIC 20 INTERFACING BLUE BOOK 30 hardware interfacing projects lor the VIC 20 Similar to the 64 book above See what your VIC can do with a little interfacing 14 95 postpeid MICROSIGNAL PRESS Dept B P O Box 388 Goleta CA 93116 MAXIMUM Maximum
253. r tutorial style manual for the database manager but it lacked not only an index but also the clear examples and graphics one would expect in a good tu torial for beginners Excalibur also has a toll free line for all users We tried it out on two occasions and found the staff helpful both times Summing Up At 395 Savvy is priced reasonably enough to compensate for some of its faults It is certainly not alone among its competitors in its having serious short comings and it is definitely a more inter esting and innovative product than most We grew to like Savvy and wish that it could be altered to eliminate our biggest criticisms Unless the product improves substantially however its cur rent weaknesses will we think limit it to a very small market Novices will soon outgrow it and more advanced pro grammers will pass it by o onto the disk drive says Lapine Tech nclogy vice president Herb Ragle Then al you need to hook it to a computer are data lines and a few control lines to at tach to the computer bus It eliminates the transfer rate prob lem and the speed problems associated w th a servo mechanism Ragle contin ues And there are economic advan tages There are very high profit margins in the controller so this kind of integra tion gives the drive manufacturer an op m e c a p 23 PARK ROW NEWYORK IY 108 Sing a 800 221 8180 CALL OF SPECIALS OF THE MON
254. rations from piezo crystals are used to create shock waves Vibrations occur when a change in elec trical potential across the crystal causes a dimensional change in one plane Since the crystal is tightly connected to the as sembly the driver mechanism shakes with each change in the crystal s dimen sion This shock wave is minute but it is effective It is a little like tapping the side of a water barrel with a hammer creat ing ripples in the fluid A free running crystal oscillator produces continuous multiple streams of ink In drop on de Roger Snyder is an electronic designer who was influential in the development of ink jet subsystems PHOTO BY BOB LORENZ mand systems single drops are ejected as needed In continuous stream systems unused drops are electronically deflected into an ink recirculating system Since the driv er frequency is generally higher than in drop on demand systems a high per centage of drops is unused during low density printing High resolution ink jet systems re quire complex control over drop dynam ics to overcome unique aerodynamic problems the process can introduce For instance one drop following closely be hind another is drafted by the first The follower is similar to a race car rid ing close behind a leader using less ener gy as it is pulled along as the lead car breaks the air barrier With ink jets being driven with identi cal energy the second drop using less en
255. rbon overcoat uses XT ctlr amp power supply Boots off hard disk box has 4 expansion slots HIGH COLOR RESOLUTION COMES TO GRAPHICS New products from AT amp T permit micros to process picture like images HE computer graphics most peo ple use are humdrum Most graphics boards can display a maximum of only 15 colors with a rela tively limited resolution Shadings and tints are virtually nonexistent transi tions from one color to another are abrupt Even the most versatile graphics programs generate images that are little more than line drawings Now AT amp T has developed a high res olution color graphics system that final ly permits the digital creation of screen displays almost as sophisticated as im ages obtained from analog video cameras A part of this system already available to product developers is a Video Display Adapter or VDA It can put analog vid eo like images created by or stored in an AT amp T 6300 or IBM PC compatible computer on the the screen of an analog RGB monitor composite color monitor or television set Features and Function The AT amp T Video Display Adapter pe BY WINN L ROSCH has three separate modes of operation a pass through mode which makes the VDA transparent and allows normal use of the computer s color graphics card a special AT amp T high spatial reso lution mode 512 x 200 dot resolution for high quality text and a high color resol
256. repare a re port your homework can get things off to a quicker start The second step is to identify every member of your firm who is likely to be affected and decide how they can best participate in the process The next step is to budget sufficient time for you and your staff to discuss the relevant issues and to work with the con sultant Make sure also that enough time will be available for everyone who needs to participate in the steps of the installa tion process including familiarization training data conversion and testing Many installations are unwittingly sabo taged by users who did not anticipate the time requirements of automating Next you will need to gather informa tion about your business for each ac counting module you want to automate When looking at the special problems of any particular area you and your con sultant will have to decide 1 how much data you will need to store online 2 how the various modules should be inte grated and 3 whether you will need to have more than one workstation operat ing at once How Much Data Storage Knowing the amount of data you will need to store online will help a knowl edgeable consultant determine how least a 10M byte hard disk is necessary if you are going to be computerizing sever al areas If you ll need much more stor age you should consider an efficient method of data backup such as stream ing tape rather than floppy disks To get a
257. ress space memory and transmission time however AT amp T uses just a single byte to represent each pixel in the VDA s memory That byte serves as a pointer to a location in memo ry that contains a full 16 bit value of which 15 bits contain color informa tion coded in one of four look up charts or color maps Each color map can contain 256 16 bit values hence the availability of 256 colors from one color map from the palette of 32 768 the number of codings possible using 15 bits Each of the 256 locations in the color map can be filled with any of the colors available in the full palette and it is possible to jump from one color map to another with a simple operation The memory on the VDA board con sists of 64K bytes of special chips termed RARAM row access random access memory by AT amp T which store the value of each pixel and an extra 2K bytes for storing the color maps The dif ference between RARAM and ordinary RAM is the internal structure of the memory chips The RARAM 1s based on Texas Instruments 4161 64K bit chip which is internally arranged as 256 rows by 256 columns of memory ele ments fortuitously matching the video display format A 256 bit shift register on the chip allows unloading one full row of memory with a single instruction from the controlling microprocessor The 64K RARAM and 2K color map DEW Ser gt ve m A C amp E staff members evaluate performance of AT amp T imagin
258. ridge not Winchester disk 3 9 removable cartridge Optional tape backup Plated media drive network ready 8 floppy cartridge not Winchester disk 3 day warranty replacement 45 day trial period 4 drive controller Bootable addressable tape system Auto head retract at power off 11M byte cart 159 Opt 5 slot expansion chassis 5M byte cartridge 4 drive ctlr free ctlr swap w computer change Opt serial port Backup amp utility software included PC T format backup amp utility software included RS 232 port included Plug compatible with standard PC AT computer Power management amp protection included Integral Kodak 3 3M byte floppy Backup restore in background while computer in use Bootabie hard disk w 32M byte tape backup 48 hour replacement warranty Can use image and file backup and is verifiable Ctlr supports 2 floppies amp 1 hard disk 8 slot expansion chassis opt 5M byte cartridge 1 year warranty 48 hour replacement int floppy Clock calendar RAM RS 232 backup software Device driver and format utility included 12 000 hour MTBF estimated 1 year warranty 30 day full refund Utility software power supply included 300 faster than IBM XT hard disk 30 day trial 1 year full warranty Menu driven installation software 300 speed of 51 drive Boots like XT runs multiple operating systems Image mode stores 32 floppies tape with RAM access Short slot ctlr XT disk emulation software Hard ca
259. ring shared storage devices that let your workgroup share information And thevre writing a whole new genera tion of business software to go along with the 350 programs Macintosh already runs Including Microsoft Word ThinkTank 512 and the new Jazz from Lotus Now theres only one more thing wed like to add to this ad call 800 446 3000 Well tell you how to get everything vou need to turn your office into a Macintosh Office People not included I HARDWARE REVIEWS IMS v gt TN ao een 1 ae a ateo e x gt ER E ax v E z TRA SAEI ET e SA os s o ve AGE T a e tt i 5 ARS is Lx Um na L EEUU Od rA zs j TUE dde PERSONAL COMPUTER A well designed 8088 based IBM clone BY PAUL BONNER HE NCR PC Model 4 is an 8088 based MS DOS computer that boasts a high degree of software and peripheral hardware compatibility with the IBM Personal Computer In that respect it is hardly unique in fact the computer market is drenched with dozens of IBM clones that offer the same level of compatibility What makes this machine unique is the approach that NCR has taken to distinguish it from its competition Most compatibles compete with IBM and each other by providing equipment equivalent to the IBM PC but at a lower price or by offering enhanced 24 equipment higher resolution graphics higher capacity disk drives faster mi crop
260. rives e Eagle Writer e Eagle Calc With Monitor r an 149500 Eagle 2E 2 s 79900 NANA Com H H Drives 10500 10 MB Hard Disk w Controller 69500 Call SWL 1807 W Katella 101 Anaheim CA 92804 714 491 0345 LOCATE DEAD COMPONENTS THERMOPROBE quickly identifies DEAD PC board components Locates DEAD resistors transistors IC s diodes and transformers without direct contact in seconds Operating active components ra diate heat dead components dont THERMOPROBE is sensitive to 1 25 F change in temperature A must for your workbench or field service ORDER 209TM ONLY 21 95 2 50 shipping NY Res add tax BUYUS INC Dept CE485 10 White Birch Dr Ossining NY 10562 VISA or MasterCard 914 762 4799 Com uter C Service cali 212 503 4506 E THE E Y i H a BUYERS GUIDE THE MASTER DIRECTORY OF PRODUCTS FOR THE IBM PC PC XT PCir AND MOST COMPATIBLES AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL NEWSSTAND AND COMPUTER STORE CATALOG Just let us know and we ll mail you a FREE Creative Comput ing Catalog 16 pages filled with books buyer s guides magazines and more To get your FREE catalog write to Creative Computing Catalog Dept NA1X 39 Fast Hanover Ave Morris Plains NJ 07950 MICROCOMPUTER BUSINESS SOFTWARE MEDICAL MGMT DENTAL MGMT INSURANCE AGENT LEGAL BILLING PROPERTY MGMT AND MUCH MORE UNIVAIR INTERNATIONAL 9024
261. rly im possible to see a digital step in a wave form Only when a text window in high spatial resolution mode is displayed on the screen does computer like bunching of signal levels become apparent in the signals I Program Gat Image Save image rita Paxt Ora mrang Crop Image Shrink Image Move Image Erase Image LE 1 J From left to right image as displayed from VDA board first level pop up VDA menu 256 color palette used to create VDA image on screen A Signal Difference The difference between the PC color graphics adapter and VDA sig nals is as much philosophical as physi cal In the digital realm of computers the traditional approach to improving the quality of graphics has been to in crease the number of picture elements pels or pixels used to form the on screen image More and smaller pixels in a digital display smooth out the rough edges in the same way that a finer screen makes a printed half tone picture more lifelike As the on screen digital pixels get smaller and more numerous those rough edges and abrupt changes in shad ing or color become less noticeable but they never disappear completely Even though the resolution of today s typical personal computer display 640 to 800 horizontal dots is enough to make television engineers envious the abrupt transitions of color and intensity make the individual pixels stand out Hence computer displays look less real is
262. ro Assemble 100 69 Fahrenheit Rendevow Dragon each 40 25 LIFETREE Volkswnte Deluxe 395 159 WordPerteci Jo 69 49 BASIC Compiler n 259 SUB LOGIC Night Mission Pinball 40 27 Volkswnter SOFTW ARTS TK Soiverispecif DOS 399 269 ere Compiles er 300 amp SOFTWARE INT L Open Access 695 395 COP ee 4 FORTRAN Compiler 350 PASCAL Compiler 300 405 amp 90 and at SE 36th and Richards CALL 641 4736 INESS MAGAZINE AWARD Circle No 10 on Free information Card CASH n CARRY COMPUTER STORES INC OUR REFERENCES 7 CALL Foreign 8 Retail Sales only Call stores for local hours i a been in com electroni Portland SAN FRANCISCO 550 Washington Street at Mont A Ee QUE tre MORE ana n i B00 547 1289 Residents Call lgomery opposite the Pyramidl Interstate 80 to Highwa ter mailorder since 1980 Banks 1st interstate Oregon 800 451 5151 503 620 9877 80 take Washington Street Exit CALL 415 982 6212 Cim socias Ba k 1503 643 4678 W niu to the Chamber E CONROY TELEX 91D 380 3980 E E PORTLAND ORECON At Park 217 Tigard at intersec RE 1 A QUESTIONS ORDER DESK HOURS tion of Highways 217 and 99W CALL 503 620 5595 of Com nerce 503 228 9411 and Direct Market BB CARD SEATTLE WASH 3540 128th Ave SE Bellevue 98006 ing Association or call Dunn and Bradstreet if you 51 your Order Mon Fri 6AM to GPM PST In Loehmann s Plaza n
263. rocessors than the IBM PC The NCR PC Model 4 on the other hand with its 4 77 MHz CPU 360K drives and IBM standard graphics is chiefly distinguished by a number of unique aes thetic and ergonomic design features External Design The most obvious of these is the shape of the computer itself With its pedestal mount and built in monitor the PC Model 4 looks more like a Lisa than an IBM PC This shape gives it a smaller footprint 18 x 16 than the IBM PC and makes it easier to use in some re spects The two vertically mounted half height 360K disk drives are unusually accessible and the placement of the power switch and monitor brightness switch on the front of the machine is handy Even more welcome though next to those switches is one that con trols the volume of the computer s speaker a feature missing from most computers that is bound to please any one who belteves that the world is noisy enough without compurers beeping the day away The back of the PC Model 4 shows equally thoughtful design The machine features built in parallel and serial ports PHOTOS BY BOB LORENZ MMM Ta MTT a a IHUN mo L LL which are located in a recessed well on the rear right hand side of the machine The keyboard plugs into a socket in the same well The machine has five expan sion slots four of which accept standard full size expansion boards for the IBM PC The fifth slot is reserved for the disk
264. rs will beef up their product s ability to withstand non operating shock moisture dust and other inhospitable conditions associated with carrying a hard drive around in your briefcase or the trunk of your car Improved Backup And we ll see changes in backup methodology Back up hardware is destined to get cheaper and easier to use Tallgrass Technol ogies for example has introduced an 11 track tape format and software to make hard disk software maintenance easier The company hopes its PC T format personal computer tape will become an industry standard Moreover as hard disk hardware be comes more reliable the driving need to back up a disk daily may be overcome High capacity storage is still the ex ception rather than the rule But that s changing rapidly An Intel official told a New York conference recently that a us er s excited declaration about using a 10M byte disk will soon be met with an expression of sympathy as 20M byte and larger drives gain in popularity High Color Resolution Continued from page 63 else It can even switch from one palette to another In high spatial resolution mode the VDA s memory 1s used more conven tionally Each byte stores color informa tion for 2 pixels the 4 bits per pixel al lows encoding 16 colors Unhke other display adapters no character generator ROM is used in the high spatial resolution mode Instead AT amp T includes software that can gener at
265. s The biggest obstacle in the way of widespread and easy use of the VDA at the moment is the lack of suitable end user software AT amp T does provide some primitive programmer s tools but they will be of no use to most real estate agents for example And even for pro grammers there is yet very little sup port However it appears that several Standard graphics libraries such as HALO Graphical Kernel System GKS and Virtual Device Interface VDI may be available for the VDA by the end of the year And of course as uses for the AT amp T system become more apparent more ef fort will be devoted to producing soft ware for it The AT amp T graphics package mentioned above will do much to make the features of the system more accessible Another potential impediment to widespread VDA usage is the large amount of disk space required for each image more than 64K A 360K floppy Continued on page 85 Applications for AT amp T imaging system include storage of images for use in databases or online shopping catalogs As described in text images can easily be transmitted by modem from one computer to another 62 Computers amp Electronics and hues that can be represented by ana log signals While a personal computer s digital display shows only one or two distinct brightness levels and perhaps seven or eight different hues analog vid eo pictures draw from an enormously greater palette In a system using a
266. s Thinkjet AN E Xerox 1770 s multihead design reproduces sharp color images most any user requirement It incorpo rates several DIP switches to provide the following black characters on white pa per or white characters on black back ground auto line feed 1 skip over pa per perforations and characters for U S British French German Japa nese Danish Italian ana Swedish print Ing requirements In addition there are three print modes Normal print mode incorporates 96 alphanumerics and symbols plus 64 peculiar characters in a matrix 5h X 7v DIP switches assign 28 characters to the languages as required In this mode each character on any line can be desig nated as an enlarged character 10h x 7v matrix or assigned a color Image print mode can be controlled to the individual byte with 560 bytes avail able for each jet nozzle In color mode each dot can be as signed a color with 80 bytes by 2 lines available for each nozzle The PJ 1080 prints cut sheet roll pa per removable cutter built in and over head projection film Canon_has built in self test and main tenance procedures At power on the print head seeks home position and each nozzle is fired 128 times into a waste sys tem If the unit remains on without data entry for approximately 3 to 5 min utes the system is purged by 33 firings from each nozzle A manually operated waste pump cleans out paper dust and he
267. se has a better chance for successful computerization April 1985 Harddisk Accounting Series Great Plains Software 1701 S W 38th St Fargo ND 58103 701 281 0550 Includes payroll inventory job costing point of sale Multi user version available 695 per module IBM Business Management Series IBM Corp Information Programming Services PO Box 720576 Atlanta GA 30358 9990 800 426 3333 Includes payroll data editor and report writ er 695 per module Open Systems Open Systems Inc 6477 City West Pky Eden Prairie MN 55344 800 328 2276 Includes payroll sales order and purchase order processing inventory job costing and fixed assets Comes with source code in Business BASIC supports multi user sys tems 695 per module Peachtree Business Accounting Peachtree Software 3445 Peachtree Rd N E Atlanta GA 30326 800 554 8900 Includes inventory job costing fixed assets and sales invoicing Comes with source code in BASIC 595 per module RealWorld Integrated Accounting RealWorld Corp Dover Rd Willow Hill Bldg Chichester NH 03263 800 255 1115 Includes payroll inventory Comes with source code in RM Cobol multi user version available 695 per module SBT Accounting Software SBT Corp It Takes Time and Effort New users should also be aware that the cost of automating far exceeds the purchase price of the software even if modifications are not required Consid erable t
268. se price 90 DAY IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY any of the SUPER SYSTEM PACKAGE equipment or programs fail due to Iculty workmanship or material we will replace it IMMEDIATELY with no service charce Circle No 40 on Free Information Card Add 0 0 for shipping and handliag WE DO NOT SHIP THIS SYSTEM TZ FOREIGN COUNTRIES CANADA PUERTO RICA ALASKA O3 HAWAII Enclose Za hiers Check Monew Order or Personal Check Allow 14 days for le N TE Fe PRIZ S VIEKOS EO URRY MESES delivery 2 to 7 days for phone orders 1 day xpress mail We accept Visa and MasterZlard We ship C O D to continent mi addresses only Be Zee PRR RING ON ols 60010 It so happens that a relatively simple sequence of HPGL code will draw a per fect letter S just like the one in Fig 1 In fact both characters in Fig 1 were drawn by an HP7470A plotter con trolled by the Model 100 program in Listing 1 Here s how the program works Line 30 enables serial communica tions between the Model 100 and the HP7470A and opens a file that desig nates the plotter as output number 1 Strings of HPGL commands can then be sent to the plotter by means ofa PRINT 1 HPGL string statement The first such HPGL string which is given in line 40 establishes the plotter s scale 0 to 28 in the x direction and O to 19 in the y direc tion Line 40 of Listing 1 also selects pen SP1 Incidentally should you interrupt or break this and other plotter driver
269. slov during the last half year But how do you find it Even if you ve bothered to list all the file names on a floppy disk label filenames that seemed like inventive descriptions only a few weeks ago may read like hi eroglyphics today Usually you have no recourse but to insert floppies one by one and use your word processing software to call up each file one at a time ZyINDEX a product from ZyLab makes the search a breeze Not only does it find the correct file for you but it high lights the phrases you want The pro gram also allows you to mark selected portions of the file to save under a differ ent file name and to print selected files The program works with standard ASCII format It also can be set up to work with some word processors that use nonstandard text formats including WordStar Multimate WordPerfect and Microsoft Word How It Works A series of menus guides you through ZyINDEX Pressing the appropriate function key allows you to enter the combination of words that you want to search for in your text files You may change the request perform the search take a look at the files that contain the words you want or simply display a disk directory Pressing the H key at any time produces a context sensitive help screen With complex search requests you can target one specific file or retrieve several files that contain similar information for example files that contain Stani slov and widgets I
270. st one index disk The time required to make the index disk s de pends on how many files you want to search ZyINDEX s manual says that it April 1985 hard disk or several dozen floppies you will have to devote a few hours to prop erly index them Thereafter as you cre ate new text files you should plan on set ting aside some time at the end of each work session to add them to an index disk ZyINDEX s manual and on disk tu torial which are otherwise very thor gram offered by independent home study and accredited by the NHSC Accrediting Commission Our free bulletin gives details Write for Bulletin E 85 Grantham College of Engineering 10570 Humbolt Street Los Alamitos California 90720 85 Y Did you receive sur Y Zyindex new 1985 catalog 05981 74LS670 come a day when you will want a pro gram like ZyINDEX My only advice is ORDERING INFORMATION MAIL ORDER U S STORE LOCATIONS to get it now and to start indexing your P O Box 9100 133 Fianders Rd Use only ACT when ordering Some packages Westborough Mass 01581 Westborough Mass files as you create them so that when the contain multiples other than one Please note Toll Free 1 800 343 0874 617 366 9684 time comes ZyINDEX and a set of in NAME ADDRESS i CITY ough especially on the search proce STATE dures give sca
271. st take into account the different rates of expan sion and contraction that occur with DATA 32 BYTE INTERSECTOR GAP SERVO INFORMATION AND TIME DELAYS Photomicrograph of thin film read write head temperature variations That s why Ragle advises purchasers to study the specifications from different manufac turers especially operating and non op erating temperature limits Approxi mately 5 to 50 degrees C 40 122 F seems to be the common operating limit in the industry a wide range when you consider the complex design of tempera ture sensitive components Unfortu nately some industry experts claim many manufacturers don t meet their published specifications Al you can do is study the published information and check with other users about how well the brands you re considering do what the manufacturers say they will Also check power consumption espe cially for internally mounted drives An IBM PC for example with 512K of RAM an internal modem serial port and color graphics card may be pushing the limits of its internal power supply when you install a hard disk and its con April 1985 This seven platter Siemans unit stores 300M bytes T 2 1 i E in the space of a standard 51 4 drive troller Power consumption will be espe cially high if you use a pair of floppies with your hard disk a common configu ration with half height floppies Now you re running three drives
272. t ter I in Fig 5 and the subroutine in lines 400 420 and follow the pen as it draws the four lines that form an out lined letter IL The first coordinate pair in line 410 is 1 0 After the pen moves to this starting location it is then placed on the paper and advances to the second co ordinate pair 0 11 The pen then moves 80 INPUT CHARACTER SLANT 0 TO 2 S 90 PRINT 1 SPI SI W H SL S 100 BOX LETTER E 110 PRINT 1 UC99 4 0 0 1 3 0 0 2 5 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 5 3 0 0 1 4 0 0 8 120 IF F z V OR F v THEN 130 ELSE 200 130 PRINT 1 CP 1 1 200 BOX LETTER X 210 PRINT 1 UC99 1 5 4 1 5 4 1 0 1 2 5 1 2 5 1 0 1 5 4 1 5 4 1 0 1 2 5 1 2 5 1 0 99 220 IF F V OR F v THEN 230 to the third coordinate pair 1 0 and so forth until the letter is completely out lined Finally the pen is moved away from the paper and placed at the starting point for the next character The HPGL instructions for the M and especially the S are much longer but you can determine exactly how they work simply by following the coordinate pairs marked on Figs 4 and 6 After you understand how the characters are drawn by the HPGL instructions you can design your own custom characters with only a little help from a plotter s in struction manual For best results start with a simple letter like T or L Then tackle a letter with curves The dimens
273. t the screen Unfortunately the designers of the keyboard did not duplicate the layout of the cursor control keys on the numeric keypad in the new cursor control pad In stead they came up with a Strange layout that finds the HOME key at the center of a cross made up of the four arrow keys and the other cursor control keys DEL END PGUP PGDN and a control key grouped in no particular order at the top of the keyboard The result is so awkward that the new cursor control keypad is of little use and the cursor control keys on the numeric keypad are harder to use than ever since they are now well over 3 away from the main body of the keys Although spreadsheet users might adapt to the arrangeraent of the new cursor control pad in order to reap the benefits of having a real numeric keypad it s doubtful that many word processing touch typists will appreciate it Touch typists might also object to the feel of the keyboard itself the keys have so little spring iness that fast typists may run the risk of bruising their fingers as they bounce off the keys The keyboard is provided with a generous amount of cord but as ts true of the IBM PC and most of its compatibles much of the length of the cord ts wasted because the keyboard plugs into the back of the computer leaving you with only a little more keyboard mobility than you would have with an attached keyboard No matter how much keyboard cord is supplied this arrangement is less satis
274. teed Pricing subject to change without notice SMART BOX Makes your personal computer a control station for BSR devices Can send and receive all 256 channels Communicates over existing AC power lines Compatible with any computer equipped with an RS 232 port Affordable 294 00 Direct from Hydrus HYORJS ss Cedar Sn Dallas TX 75238 DIA CIRCLE NO 111 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD RATE Ads are by 3 1 insertion 935 00 6 insertions 900 00 ea 12 insertions 865 00 ea Closing date 1st of the 2nd mo preceding cover date Send order and remittance to Computer Mart Computers amp Electronics Co m uter M a rT 1 Park Ave N Y N Y 10016 Direct inquiries to Lois Price 212 503 5115 For Customer Service 212 503 5115 For Customer Service call 212 503 4506 5 FLOPPY MOTORS Now Buehler OEM replace ment spindle motors for all major 54 inch full height floppy disk drives are available for fast delivery Built to exact OEM size per formance and quality stan dards Pulleys included For details and prices contact Buehier Services Inc PO Box A Hwy 70 E Kinston NC 28501 Phone 919 552 4300 WA CIRCLE NO 104 ON FREE INFORMATION CAHD THE MASTER DIRECTORY OF PRODUCTS FOR THE IBM PC PC XT PCir AND MOST COMPATIBLES AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL NEWSSTAND AND COMPUTER STORE CIRCLE NO 109 ON TOROIDAL POWER TRANSFORMERS Small size Low nolse Easy mounting Mad
275. the other accounting modules The general ledger is used to maintain a chart of accounts and account balances make bookkeeping journal entries and print financial statements Some busi nesses require only a general ledger module Chart of Accounts One of the first things you should consider is how you organize your chart of accounts How do you group your accounts For example do your income and expense accounts precede your balance sheet accounts Do you group all your income and ex pense accounts together or do you have separate ranges in the chart for general income and other income Develop a comprehensive list of your existing and projected chart of accounts This infor mation can help you or your consul tant see sidebar choose a system that will not require you to make fundamen tal changes in the way you handle your ledger Financial Statements In assessing what the general ledger must do for you you must consider the type and format of financial statements you require You probably need to print balance sheets and profit and loss statements but do you need only monthly and annual state ments How about quarterly state ments Do you need statements that compare figures for different periods or that compare actual versus budgeted amounts Do you need a column on the profit and loss statement that shows the percentage of total income and expenses attributed to each income and expense line item Do you need more so
276. tic than ordinary television pictures which due primarily to the constraints E omn of the NTSC color system used in the United States Canada and Japan have to struggle to resolve more about 200 dots Moreover increasing spatial resolu tion that is adding more pixels to each picture introduces nonaesthetic short comings Properly displaying those higher spatial resolution images re quires expensive wide bandwidth moni tors Resolving smaller pixels requires costly color cathode ray tubes CRTs with finer dot pitches More pixels means that more data must be stored and transmitted for each picture so ev ery increase in spatial resolution requires more memory to hold the digital repre sentation of the image And as the amount of data increases so does the time required to transmit it According to AT amp T attempts to put analog video quality digital images on computer displays by increasing spatial resolution are misdirected Analog video images look better and more realistic not because of their spatial resolution but be cause of the infinite variety of intensities Block diagram of VDA board Digitized image information is converted to analog form and can be displayed on either analog RGB or composite video monitor VDA CONTROL REGISTERS April 1985 j RESOLUTION MODE HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION MODE COMPOSITE VIDEO INPUT COMPOSITE VIDEO OUT eee 61
277. time since apparently Savvy had to reorganize all its internal files Despite its own somewhat cryptic en vironment Savvy does allow a certain amount of interaction with DOS and DOS based files If its structure is known a DOS file can be read as a series of ASCII bytes and an ASCII file can also be created and written to Savvy provides special tasks to set the default drive designate read only and read write statuses for DOS files and read the DOS directory into a file for later ma nipulation Savvy also includes a func tion called Execute External which passes a command line to DOS Interestingly Savvy provides a set of tasks and functions specifically dedicat ed to communicating through the logical serial ports provided by DOS Besides generic Peek and Poke commands used for polling ports not memory Savvy s functions include Baud Rate Data Bits Protocol which can be used to write quite sophisticated com munications programs We think this is a useful feature it s seldom seen in data management products Problems and Weaknesses Savvy offers some very clever useful and sophisticated features but unfortu nately it falls short in a key few While these faults would not be fatal in every instance we think prospective users should be well aware of them before try ing to use Savvy for any particular application One problem is that Savvy offers very little support for graphics
278. tion Card e POVERI n PERCENT e a a n M 9 79 7 IBM PC INTERACTIVE VIDEO Visage has announced a board to turn an IBM PC into an in teractive video development station The V Link 1500 comes with a special version of MS DOS and other sup port software for most con sumer grade or industrial vid eo disc players Interactive video systems are being used increasingly for training pro grams point of sale demon strations simulations and vi sual archives The V Link 1500 supports 80 column text 640 x 200 pixels in one col or or 320 x 200 pixel graph ics in four colors It can exe cute frame specific instruc tions by stripping frame num ber digital data from the video signal 1500 Circle No 74 on Free Information Card sal JE Y Fist tramo he orate B oe aw i a ud 100 90 5t 4 ivan gt vesap wet wi N i Fm TATUM AAN LOW PRICED LIGHT PEN Tech Sketch has introduced a light pen color graphics sys tem for the IBM PC and PCr The accompanying Micro Il unm featured screen drawing capa bilities with preprogrammed features Tech Sketch officials maintain that light pen input is more natural and easy to EH EY I ww E u 1 D E E E a d lustrator software offers full use than a mouse or other popular devices The package F A 2 comes with a lifetime warran
279. tly an IBM PC or compatible NEC APC or Apple II and an appropriate cable DisCache itself is 9 X 1714 x 5 and includes connectors on the rear pan el for parallel printer computer and ac power An RS 232 port and a second 30 zw Es E i uri e ac S cL w gt ye E 2 EX y bud EN a gt er 5 parallel printer port are optional The front panel contains five pushbuttons three for operating systems CP M DOS P and reset and message buttons These buttons can be used in combina tion to put DisCache through self test procedures to park the heads prior to shutting the unit off and to repeat messages that are displayed on the four character LED display Normally the operating system of choice is indicated on the display but error messages also scroll across it to alert the operator to the status of the unit Performance DisCache is fast While many other hard disks have an access time of about 40 ms DisCache claims an average ac cess time of about 8 ms This speed re sults chiefly from the ingenious way it uses the RAM cache The intelligent processor in DisCache monitors the sectors requested and auto matically keeps those frequently used in the RAM cache for immediate access A caching algorithm anticipates which sectors are most likely to be called next How well does this work I ran a num ber of programs under both CP M 86 and MS DOS Wordstar dBASE II Multiplan Micro
280. u and retrieve it instanta neously according to your own specifications Writing Assistant is a word process ing program that shows you on the screen just what your words will look like on paper It helps correct mis spelled words and even lets you insert forecasts or graphs from other Assistants into your text Graphing Assistant turns num bers into pictures Like all the Assis Planning Assistant available early 1985 iBM Product Center prices OH o ducks in a row tants it accepts information from the key board or directly from Filing Assistant 50 you can see whatthebottom line looks like as a pie chart a bar chart or a line chart Or all three In minutes Planning Assistant is a powerful new spreadsheet that replaces complex commands used in earlier programs with plain English TOTAL instead of C21 D21 E21 F21 G21 Its smart enough to widen columns automatically to fit your entries It will even fill in the blank after Dec 85 with Jan 86 Then there s Reporting Assistant to Little Tramip character licensed by Bubbles Inc s a help you create customized reports complete with totals subtotals and aver ages of your Filing Assistant data Every program in the IBM Assist ant Series works with every computer every display and every printer in the IBM Personal Computer family And each program costs less than 150 Any authorized IBM Personal Com puter dealer or BM Product
281. unted for Using LIFO and FIFO for example requires that de tailed information on each individual in ventory lot be maintained until sold while other methods may allow consoli dation to conserve space Integrating Different Modules The ideal accounting system inte grates all modules so that any transac tion occurring in one module will affect 76 ders for back ordered items Some retail businesses need to track every item in their stores while some sell items largely in bulk For example a store that sells washing machines must track every item while a hardware store need not track every nail sold Wholesale Inventory Wholesale in ventory systems must handle far more complex discount structures schedul ing and ordering functions than do re tail systems For example retailers tend to sell from stock while wholesalers usu ally backorder You probably need soft ware that can handle pricing and dis count levels that differ among customers and among products Manufacturing Inventory Manufac turing inventory is even more complex because inventory must be separated into finished goods work in progress and raw materials and labor must be fig ured into the cost of goods produced These and other complications make it very difficult for a canned system to han dle manufacturing inventory Custom software development is almost always required Inventory Evaluation Most firms as sign value to finished g
282. ution mode which can generate pixels with any one of 256 color intensity variations selected from a 32 768 color palette In this mode the VDA stores an image field of 256 x 256 pixels of which 51 200 256 x 200 pixels are actually displayed completely filling the monitor screen The VDA s on board RAM can be jumper ad dressed to occupy any unused 64K block of memory space in the computer Moreover images generated using both the high color and high spatial res olution modes can be combined in a sin gle display For instance software can define a rectangle covering all or part of the screen as a menu drawn in high spa tial resolution characters while the rest of the screen is devoted to a high color resolution image Unlike most graphics adapters de signed for personal computers the VDA does not replace the IBM or any other manufacturer s color graphics adapt er Instead 1t works in conjunction with it The RGB output of a standard PC color board ts externally cabled to the in put of the VDA which resides in its own expansion slot in the computer chassis The VDA converts this signal into analoglike form allowing it to be dis played on the same analog monitor used for high color resolution images A fringe benefit is that the composite color signal can be viewed on a composite monochrome monitor should that be desired Although the VDA will drive both an alog RGB and composite input moni tors hi
283. ware IMSI and Infographics packages just for a start We have demonstrated it using an IBM PC PC compatibles a Xerox 16 8 and an 820 II Colorware offers a package including software and a color board for the 820 II With this package the user can merge text design structured graphics and cre ate free form screen images With the Infographics business pack age the user picks color palettes using 150 decision rules and the software automatically designs the output The graphics never appear on the screen Fu ture Infographics packages are expected to add more user options in image creation The 1770 can lay down these versatile Tab DOLLARS AI e a4 Q Foerresas Space shuttle drawing shows graphics capability of Thinkjet printer A colorful bar chart drawn by the Xerox 1770 ink jet printer images on plain clay coated or fanfold paper and on transparencies The stock can be either cut sheet or a 10 wide roll of paper The 1770 is priced at 1250 00 offers an expected life of 10 000 hours five years and has a mean time to repair of 30 minutes Ink Jets of the Future The ink jet printers discussed in this article are only the begin
284. without lots of pictures isn t worth talking about And not just pictures You want fun ny pictures Face it you don t want some computer nerd ordering you around you want someone neat with a sense of humor who isn t afraid to Poke 74 A Little Fun or take on computer dom s Sacred Cows if it s going to put you at your ease One of our all time favorites is this cartoon we saw of sixteen little girls named Kay with one guy saying to the other When I said K that wasn t the kind I meant Great stuff right Some of the best graphics are steel engravings from old books of say Acteon being torn apart by Diana s hounds with a speech balloon that says When I said byte that wasn t the kind I meant You might also run across graphics that look like steel engravings but are ac tually collages pictures made by pasting together weird stuff cut out of etchings and parts catalogues These can be real riots like the example we ve in cluded in Figure 1 Getting to Know Your Author Now s the big moment time to take a look at the printed page and even read a sen tence or two What s the guy sound like You ll notice it s almost always a guy Does he know his stuff Is he full of tid bits of the real inside computer dope like knowing where they hid the off switch on this year s models Maybe he s somebody who s been around since computer meant a ten ton Univac with 4500 tubes Sure at first
285. y Cool A Good Fan Can Save Your Tubes Neon Indicators Better Safe Than Sorry or The TI 99 A Sensible Low Cost Alternative you may not have been holding up your end when you were supposed to be checking that copy right page Better flip back and reboot Facing the Music So okay by now the manager is beginning to stare but hang on we re almost home Close the book that ll make the manager relax a little and check the front and the back for a bunch of numbers preceded by something that looks like this That s the price If the cost is way below the price range of the actual computer you re interested in then you ve probably picked the wrong book This is no time to cut cor ners or be satisfied with just getting by You want something that if you don t wind up getting that computer will at least give you the sense of well be ing that comes from making a substan tial investment So hey okay last but not least let s review ARE YOU DRESSED FOR DECIDING ARE YOU AT THE BOOKSTORE IS THE BACKSIDE FOR YOU DO YOU HAVE THE RIGHT JOB IS IT FRESH IS IT HEAVY ENOUGH DOES IT HAVE PLENTY OF PICTURES WOULD YOU INVITE THE AU THOR HOME TO DINNER DOES IT HAVE ENOUGH BUZZWORDS DOES IT COST ENOUGH For each yes score 10 points for each no score 5 and for each not sure score 15 If you score over 100 you ve got a book that s not afraid to ask th
286. y card is miss ing write to the address below AIMre McGraw Hill Continuing Education Center NW 3939 Wisconsin Avenue NW Washington DC 20016 Hi We ll Give You Tomorrow SOL LIBES BITS amp BYTE Rumors amp Gossip gt In January Atari showed its first 16 bit computers at the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas The 30ST 400 and 520ST 600 look like fast color Macintoshes with 68000 CPUs 128K or 512K of RAM and op tional 35 500K floppies 200 The back panel sports serial and parallel in terfaces a high speed parallel hard disk port 1 33M bytes sec transfer rate for a promised 10M byte hard disk 600 and a music MIDI interface Atari CEO Jack Tramiel promises to make 5 million computers in 1985 All he wants in return is the support of the software industry The one package shown with the computers Matrix software s Infin ity seems almost unbelievable a spread sheet with up to 65 000 x 65 000 cells word processing with a spelling checker graphics a relational database with un limited capacity and communications all for 50 Look for Atari to introduce a true 32 bit micro at the Hanover Fair in Germa ny late this month Will it be a 68029 ma chine What are the additional sur prises Atari promises for June And will the company really be able to sell 100 million of Atari products before the year is out With its most expensive computer
287. y of the titles If so the how to buy a computer book you need is an arm s length away and you can skip straight to the end of this article If it doesn t go to the next paragraph Hefting the Book This is the hands on part With fingers extended and to gether reach out with either hand whichever 1s your favorite and grasp firmly any of the books with the binding that s mght for you Heft it get the feel Does it feel important Weighty Helpful If it dosen t slap it back and try again Getting the Copyright Right Okay fine now so turn the book unit around so that the writing is right side up and to ward you the opposite of how you load a disk and with one hand under the spine of the book grasp the cover firmly with the other and leaf through till you find the copyright date This is crucial After years of study and heartbreak we ve found that anything copyrighted before 1985 1s well just plain out of date You don t want something that s already obsolete You want state of the art or nothing Luckily 89 of what s on that shelf was probably writ ten last month Making Sure It s User Friendly There s nothing worse than getting home and finding out you ve got a book that makes you feel like you tracked in something on the bottom of your shoe One way to avoid that is to check for graphics We ve found a picture can be worth a thousand words so any comput er book
288. yte system that costs more than 1000 With today s market if the price goes much higher you should be getting a number of extra features to jus tify it An integral backup floppy or tape system for example could make a high er price worth the difference You also should consider the possibil ity that you don t need a hard disk right now These fast storage systems are pop ular and convenient and the prices are coming down But if you carefully con sider your computing needs even 1000 may not be cost effective PHOTO BY BOB L ORENZ 0000000000 Once you have a hard disk you can do some spectacular things you couldn t do before program chaining complex batch files sharing of data consultant Larry Epstein notes But you have to weigh your needs It may not be the thing for a lot of users Support Buy from a known stable compa ny 1s the general advice most industry experts give even though you may have to pay a little more A number of drive manufacturers including the well known Shugart Associates a Xerox company have gone out of business late ly A broad based dealer with ample drive sources and the willingness to sup port you with service and drive swaps if i A is your best insurance There have been too many drive sup pliers for the market observes AI Shugart CEO of Seagate Technologies The survivors are going to be the ones that have the customer base the off shore manufacturin

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