Home

FluidSIM 3.6 Hydraulics - Mechatronics

1. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 195 B The Component Library Digital module The digital module is used for a compact embedding of a digital switching circuit into a electrohydraulic circuit The digital module offers 8 electrical inputs and outputs which transfer their states to its digital switching circuit in the inner part Therefore the digital switching circuit does not need much space in the electrohydraulic circuit for the display of the digital module as a rectangle with a total number of 18 connections By making a double click with the left mouse button on the digital module you come to the digital circuit in the inner part of the module A new window opens It shows the digital circuit and can be handled in the usual way The standard configuration in the inner part of a new inserted digital module is a row with 8 inputs and 8 outputs each They correspond to the inputs and outputs of the module in the electrohydraulic circuit In order to be able to test the digital circuit during the set up it can be simulated separated from the electrohydraulic circuit As soon as the processing window of the digital module is closed or the original circuit window is put into the foreground the previously effected changes in the digital circuit are automatically adopted into the digital module of the electrohydraulic circuit Inside the digital module only digital components can be inserted Furthermor
2. In the case that a component cannot exist singularly in a real system FluidSIM displays a photo of the assembly group that this component belongs to Examples for such components include the indicator light relays switches and the electrical power supply Components that do not exist in reality simply have no photo Examples include the text component and the distance rule Component illustrations provide useful information relating a compo nent s function This may include a sectional view of the component but also illustrations of the component s usage within a circuit diagram For several components their sectional view can be animated like a cartoon Select a 4 2 way hand lever valve and click on Component Illustration under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 87 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics The following dialog box appears Component Illustration fa 42 way valve two pistons 1 F32 df2sway valve two pistons 2 74 1 4 2 wap valve three pistons 1 P42 4 wa valve three pistons 2 T trie F W Preview OF Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Topics This field contains a listing of sectional views animations and circuits which refer to the functional characteristics of a single component By double clicking on a line in the list the dialog box disappears and a window with the selected inf
3. oq Nn w x fa o D oO D oQ Delete Current Window Removes the current window from the list of project files Properties Opens a dialog box where the project properties can be defined Files Shows the list of files that belong to the current project Overviews Shows the list of preview windows that belong to the current project Presentations Shows the list of presentations that belong to the current project Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 157 A FluidSIM Menus A 8 View 158 The functions of the menu are circuit diagram specific that is they only apply to the current circuit diagram Thus it is possible to apply individually different display options to each circuit diagram which is loaded Sort Symbols Alphabeticall Sorts the symbols of the current preview window with respect to their description and extension respectively Standard Size QI Displays the circuit diagram without enlargement or reduction PreviousView I8 Switches between the last view and the current enlargement of the current circuit diagram FttoWinow o o g Sets the scale factor so that the entire circuit diagram can be displayed in the window The proportion between height and width remains unaltered Zoom by Rubber Band Q Changes the mouse cursor to a rubber band allowing a section of a window to be selected and then enlarged Ql Enlarges the diag
4. A hydraulic line links two hydraulic connections Note that a hydraulic connection may be a simple hydraulic connection or a T junction A hydraulic line causes no pressure drop i e it has no fluidic resistance From a drawing point of view FluidSIM distinguishes between control lines and main lines The former is represented by a dashed line the latter is represented by a Solid line and establishes the default case Adjustable parameters Line Type One of Main Line or Control Line Main Line T junction hydraulic A T junction joins up to three hydraulic lines thus having a single pressure potential Note that T junctions are introduced automatically by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode Configurable Way Valves Configurable 2 n way valve The configurable 2 n way valve is a way valve with two connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Configurable 3 n way valve The configurable 3 n way valve is a way valve with three connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 167 B The Component Library Configurable 4 n way valve The configurable 4 n way valve is a way valve
5. CCB Start S 73 Simulation Digital Technique __ 79 Simulation Mode activate__ DG exit 7 5 pause __ 7 reseting parameters 77 slow motion factor ___ CB sound activate__ 77 change file S 145 Square__ 110 204 State diagram ___ 04 state values diagram _ __ gt 62 recording __SEE 62 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 293 Index status bar display hide____ _ 136 of FluidSIM S S20 status indicator gt 203 superficial checking OG switch at cylinder gt 72 automatic altering gt 75 capacitive __ 18 coupling __ _ SEESSSSSSSSSSS 74 75 general break 80 189 changeover___ 8 make S 180 189 inductive ____ S 186 limit break 182 190 changeover 183 make 182 190 manually actuated break S 184 190 changeover 184 185 190 make___ 184 190 optical___ 8G pressure break 185 191 changeover __ S S CC U185 hydraulic symbol ___O make___ 185 191 reed contact gt 183 Reed contact ___ COCO 182 solenoid 186 switch off delayed break ___SS S S C SSS CSFS CSFSCSSSS 181 189 changeover___ 182 294 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index make 181 189 switch on delayed
6. Ellipse Ellipses are graphic primitives which can also be used within circuit diagrams 204 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey This chapter provides a comprehensive listing of those parts of the didactics material in FluidSIM that are not covered by chapter B The Component Library Basically this material consists of the components behavior illustrations the animations the exercises and the educational films which all can be activated under the menu The subsequent sections are arranged thematically The icon indicates that an animation exists for the related topic The last section gives an overview of the educational films Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 205 C Didactics Material Survey C 1 Basics of Hydraulics i s Machine tool construction is a typical area of application of hydraulics With modern CNC machine tools the tools and workpieces are clamped by hydraulic means Feed motions and the spindle drive can also be hydraulically powered This can also serve as an example of hydraulic circuit with two pressure ranges for example 30 bar for machining and 90 bar for clamping This is an application in which extremely high forces are required Due to the suspended cylinder and the tractive load special measures are required for the activation of the advance stroke This in turn requires special
7. Piston Area 0 1 805qcm 2 01 qcm Piston Ring Area 0 05 425qcm_ 1 23 qcm Double acting cylinder with shock adsorber at stroke end The piston of the cylinder is controlled by the connected pressure loads The shock adsorber can be adjusted by means of two adjustment screws The piston contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch Adjustable parameters Force 1000 1000 Newton 0 Newton Max stroke 10 6000 mm 200 mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm 0mm Piston Area 0 1 805qcm 2 01 qcm Piston Ring Area 0 05 425qcm 1 23 qcm Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 177 B The Component Library Double acting cylinder with in and out piston rod and shock adsorber at stroke end The piston of the cylinder is controlled by the connected pressure loads The shock adsorber can be adjusted by means of two adjustment screws The piston of the cylinder contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch Adjustable parameters Force 1000 1000 Newton 0 Newton Max stroke 10 6000 mm 200mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm 0mm Piston Area 0 1 805qcm 2 01 qcm Piston Ring Area 0 05 425qcm 1 23 qcm Single acting cylinder By connecting a sufficiently high pressure load the piston of the cylinder is extended to its stop To move the piston back an external force must be applied Adj
8. and Electro hydraulics Advanced Level TP 602 These circuit diagrams can be opened and simulated with FluidSIM as follows Click on or choose inthe menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 21 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Preview windows containing overviews of existing circuit diagrams should appear FluidSiM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Re View Options Window Hg alo Sel E Md e QQRQAQQAQlA ma gt I e e p Total View Component Library gs Oo I lt X FluidSIM Circuits SEE Pump unit ith qui Didactics Material TP 501 Hydraulics TP 502 Hydraulics fats AEH Fitter Shuttle valve Two pressure aa m cat TP 601 Bectro hy TP 602 Bectro hy h 2i HH Valve Bin E Valve Hin Way Valve 5 E Cylinder Do Text Distance rule State as oil Parts List Shutoff valve t valve Lea Pressure reli 14Files 7 A preview window displays the circuit diagrams of a specific directory in alphabetical order accompanied by a miniature representation The name of the current directory is shown in the title bar of the preview window the files of the FluidSIM circuit diagrams contain the extension eee 22 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits By double clicking a directory icon you go down to the respective subdirectory
9. mm Ma gt mm Total View Component Library E Way Valve EN Way valvel A HX Valve Cu Way Valve 72Files 126 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions FluidSiM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window Oe es Slo y Bele amp FM ool ol B QARAQQA A mm Ma mm Total View Component Library ha Shuttle valve Two pressure 72Files 4 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 127 6 Special Functions It is also possible to rearrange the components in the library horizontally in just a few steps FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics aR View Options Window Bigs Slee Beles and E RRARAAQ A mm I e gt mH pm Total View Component Library SEE ose with qui Double actin Double actin Bi Filter Shuttle valve Two pressure Distance rule Parts List One way flo 2 a ivider E y Valve Bin Way Valve amr fn Way Valve Shutoff valve valve Pressure reli ic m Flow meter lvianometer Ns K re 72Files It is not possible for the user to add components to or delete compo nents from the standard component libraries However own libraries can be constructed at the user s will 128 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Building New Component In addition to the standard c
10. or y Now the rectangle can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Color Defines the color of the rectangle s border A color is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color Fill Area Defines whether the entire area or only the border of the rectangle is colored Line Style Defines the line style of the rectangle A line style is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a style Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 111 6 Special Functions e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the rectangle The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the rectangle may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible rectangle or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers Ellipses By selecting an ellipse and clicking on Edit Properties or by simply double clicking it its property dialog box is opened Ellipse Center 74 Radius rs Bz Center y Bz Radius ry 40 Starting Angle O Ending Angle 0 Color ic Line Style 7 Layer E Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Center x Defines the x coordinate of the ellipse center In
11. Choose this option if FluidSIM shall be coupled with other applications via DDE e Server Defines the name under which name FluidSIM logs on the partner application As the case may be this name must be told the partner application as the server name e Topic A topic is necessary to agree upon a common label for the data exchange As the case may be the topic must be told the partner application e FPC Addressing Mode This option must be checked if FluidSIM is coupled with an application that also provides FPC addressing support l The usage of the OPC DDE interface is introduced in Chapter 4 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 83 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 84 Beside the creation and simulation of electro hydraulic circuit diagrams FluidSIM also supports teaching basic hydraulic knowledge This knowledge is presented in the form of texts overview pictures sectional views exercises and educational films Functions that realize the selection of this instruction material are found under the menu One group of these functions refers to information about single selected components Another group of functions refers to ordered overviews of the didactics material allowing the selection of an interesting topic Finally it is also possible to select and link together arbitrary topics into so called presentations Appendix B The Component Librar
12. t The numbering should always be entered in the circuit diagram and also on the machine to enable systematic fault finding The DIN ISO Standard 1219 2 defines the code structure of the components as a string consisting of the following four parts number of the plant number of the circuit component designation and component number If the entire system consists of a single plant only the plant number may be dropped see topic 6 1 208 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 6 3 Numbering in accordance with parts list Another method used in practice is to number all the components in a hydraulic system consecutively The numbers then correspond to the numbers in the parts list This method is used particularly with complex controls systems for which a control chain related numbering system can not be used due the overlaps involved Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 209 C Didactics Material Survey C 3 Circuit symbols for energy transfer 1 Symbols oe ewww The symbols shown are used in circuit diagrams for energy transfer and hydraulic fluid preparation t n the interests of clarity the lines in the circuit diagram should be drawn without cross overs as far as possible The direction of the arrows in the circuit symbols for the heater and cooler correspond to the direction of heat flow Hydrau
13. C tp5o1 C tpsoz C tp di C tp gz 9 lib G libz G libs 9 misc 5 sha 9 snd E sym 5 dde E gt Electr C hyd 9 UGE L tmp The directory aq contains the knowledge bases for FluidSIM The directory bin contains the executable FluidSIM program along with additional libraries This directory also contains the registration information and the program fduninst exe which is necessary for de installation You should not make any changes to this directory bin The directory bmp4 contains the photos of components in the compo nent library These pictures have four gray scales for use with Microsoft Windows with sixteen colors Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 15 2 Getting Started 16 The directory bmp16 also contains the photos of components in the component library These pictures have sixteen gray scales for use with Microsoft Windows with at least 256 colors The directory bmp16c contains the figures of both the component illustrations and the didactics material The directory ct contains the supplied circuits for FluidSIM This is also the default directory in which all new circuits diagrams are saved In its subdirectories the following circuit diagrams have been included shows Circuits that can be opened as a bitmap via the menu see section 5 tp501 Circuits in the workbook Hydraulics Basic Level TP 501 tp502 Circuits in the workbook
14. OV1 is not actuated the system pressure set on the pressure limiter OV2 builds up and the piston rod advances In the initial position the pump operates against the preset system pressure which has an unfavorable effect on the power balance of the circuit shown The animations show the actuation and release of a the 2 2 way valve which causes the piston rod of the cylinder to advance and retract Circuit diagram for pressure less pump recirculation The part circuit diagram shows a 2 2 way valve used as a by pass valve to achieve pressure less pump recirculation if the valve is actuated the pump no longer needs to operate against the preset system pressure ES One application of this circuit is with 4 3 way valves which are closed in their mid position in cases where with the installation operational it is desired to switch to pump recirculation see also topic 78 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 235 C Didactics Material Survey 68 Circuit diagram Pressure stage circuit The part circuit diagram shows a 2 2 way valve used as a Selector switch for one of two preset system pressures pressure levels if the 2 2 way valve is actuated flow is enabled to a second system pressure limiter 69 1 3 2 way valve poppet principle 1 sasaw The 3 2 way valve has working port A a supply i port P and a tank port T Volumetric flow can be routed from the supply port to the
15. This chapter contains advanced concepts and functions which can be used when simulating and creating circuits with FluidSIM In addition to the commands that were introduced in section 3 3 the Edit Mode in FluidSIM provides you with a higher level of important editing functions In Edit Mode the size of the paper is indicated by a red rectangle The default setting of the paper size is DIN A4 portrait The default setting can be changed in the menu File Drawing Size Drawing Size i Faper format Standard size User defined Landscape Cancel Help The size and the orientation of the paper can be set here If the drawing size exceeds the paper size of your printer the total area of several smaller papers can be tiled with the drawing Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Undoing Editing Steps Multiple Selection For orientation purposes under additional information can be stored along with each drawing The text that is entered in description Is shown in the preview window below the respective diagram Circuit Description User Client Cancel Help By clicking on J or and with Edit Redo each step given in the Edit Mode can be undone in the following manner By clicking on Edit Undo the last editing step that was taken is undone FluidSIM recalls the las
16. for example into word processing applications Paste Shift ins Inserts components from the clipboard onto the drawing area of the current circuit diagram Delete Del Deletes the selected components from the circuit diagram If a connection is selected and deleted a possibly connected line or fitted blind plug is deleted However the component is not deleted Select All Ctrl A Selects all components and lines of the current circuit diagram Group Ctrl G Groups the selected objects Groups can be nested by applying the grouping operation recursively on already existing groups Ungroup Ungroups the selected groups Each ungroup operation removes only the outermost group when applied to a selection that contains nested groups Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 151 A FluidSIM Menus 152 E 8 8 70o0 a Aligns the selected objects Rotates the selected components in 90 angles If only one component is to be rotated counterclockwise this action is accomplished by holding down the component If additionally the Shi in a clockwise fashion key and double clicking on the ey is held down rotation happens Opens a dialog box that contains the parameters for a single selected component This dialog box will also contain an input field for a label name as long as a label can be assigned to the component If a fluidic line is selected a dialog box will appear in whi
17. 16 For several topics useful presentations have been provided within Fluid Standard Presentations SIM The following table lists the titles of the predefined presentations Presentation Title All topics sorted by number Applications Components of a hydraulic system Graphic and circuit symbols Fundamental physical principles Components of the power supply section Valves in general Pressure valves Directional control valves Non return valves Flow control valves Hydraulic cylinders and motors Measuring devices Break and lunch Exercises Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 2 1 D Messages D 1 Electrical Errors D 2 Drawing Errors 272 This section contains information about the messages that may appear from FluidSIM while working in the Edit Mode the Simulation Mode or while saving circuit diagrams A Simulation aborted A short circuit was detected in an electrical circuit The positive and negative poles of a voltage source are directly connected without a load indicator light buzzer relay or control solenoid The short circuit must be eliminated before simulation can take place A Objects are placed outside the drawing area At least one object has been placed outside the drawing area After acknowledging the dialog box the respective objects are shown selected Either change the papersize or place the selected objects inside the marked drawing area A Open connecti
18. 191 120 120 121 120 121 134 135 135 135 135 186 199 165 165 39 190 190 190 291 Index close to zero gt _ 61 default settings __ _ 37 display _ YDS 137 units of measure___ CON quit unexpected ___ 77 R RAM see main memory ____ SSS real time proportional ____WJ 9 _ S _ SOG recover circuit _ 277 rectangle o 110 204 registration 77 relay counter S _ 137 delay time __ 7G general__ _ _ gt 74 number of pulses SCF simple __SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 187 191 switch off delayed __ 187 191 switch on delayed __ 187 191 Retentive On delay digital __ SSSS 198 rubber band 47 54 S scrollbar S 20 service components ___ 165 settings circuit diagram specific _____386 didactics ___ 107 global___ 1386 Save G1 136 Save on exit ___SsSSSSSSS SS S S CO 137 simulation __ 77 window specific _____ 1386 292 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index Short circuit ___ 7D shutoff valve ___ 173 175 signal devices buzzer ___ 180 indicator light E180 simulation DDE 80 different modes 28 existing circuits gt 21 Label designation ___EE C7 line color __ gt 77 OPC 80 parallel_ t 5G piston movement ____ OOOO precision __ DG real time ____ 7B Settings 77 slow motion factor ___E
19. 3 drae pa Problem Steel blocks are transported on a roller conveyor A hydraulic transfer station makes it possible to transfer blocks from one track to another A pressure of at least 30 bar is required for the transfer of blocks by means of hydraulic cylinders Every component through which the hydraulic fluid flows represents a resistance and causes a constant pressure loss The question is what pressure is to be set at the pressure relief valve Solution The total resistance is the sum of all the individual resistances The resistance must be determined separately for the advance and return strokes The overall balances do not include data for the pressure losses at the 4 2 way valve These can be determined from the flow characteristic for the 4 2 way valve based on a volumetric flow of 8 l min In the calculation allowance must be made for the resistance of the directional control valve on the inlet and outlet sides respectively Allowance must also be made for the pressure intensification factor of 2 1 in the case of the differential cylinder This enables values to be calculated as shown in the solution figure In the case of the advance stroke 6 bar hysteresis for the PRV See exercise 108 must be added to the calculated 42 5 bar in order to ensure that the opening pressure is higher than the required operating pressure The value finally chosen is 50 bar in order t
20. 8 wax The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the piloted non return valve as a circuit symbol The 4 2 way valve is actuated the hydraulic fluid passes through the non return valve against the force of the return spring and the piston rod advances When the 4 2 way valve is reset the outlet on the piston side is closed by the non return valve and the cylinder remains advanced The 3 2 way valve is now actuated the pilot piston is reversed and the outlet flow released the piston rod begins to retract During the return stroke the 3 2 way valve is brought temporarily into its normal position This causes the outlet to be closed again and the piston rod and load remain in their current position When the 3 2 way valve is actuated again the piston rod travels to its retracted end position 246 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Delockable double non return valve 1 Delockable double non return valves allow a load to be positioned reliably with the cylinder ata standstill even if eternal leaks exist around the cylinder piston When as in the case neither of the inlets A or Ag is pressurized B and Bz are closed When A is pressurized the left hand sealing element is lifted from its seat enabling flow to B At the same time the pilot piston is displaced to the right releasing flow from Bz to Ao t Th
21. Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 289 Index O objects alignment S S 5 group DDS ungroup_ __ 8G Off delay digital __ __SSSSSSSSSS 107 On delay digital S 107 On Off delay digital S 198 One way flow control valve __ 176 online help _ _ 163 OPC communication___ 80 82 in n 188 options __ 8B out 188 options __ GI OR digital 1 4 Output digital __ ___SSSSSSSSS 102 P paper Size 46 parts list__ _ 116 118 204 export __ _ 119 power supply connection OV 179 188 connection 24V 179 188 presentation creation ___ 9 edit___ SSID file format ___SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSC YAY loop mode _____J_O 108 290 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index play topic switching presentations overview pressure reducing valve pressure relief valve misbehavior with pilot control without pilot control pressure switches print circuit diagram preview setup window contents Printer select project adding files opening files properties removing files property see component or connection proximity switches Pulse Relay digital pump unit simplified within circuit pushbutton break changeover make Q quantity Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 176 185 184 184 184 98 107 271 175 141 175 174
22. GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Valve Body A configurable valve has at most four positions For each of the positions a valve body element can be chosen individually Such an element is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a position no element is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list e Initial Position This button defines the valve s initial position sometimes also called normal position or neutral position which is the position without having any operation applied to the valve Note that this setting is only exploited if it physically does not contradict a spring returned setting possibly defined above Setting Line Type The type of each fluidic line can be changed from the standard line type Main Line to the special line type Control Line Being in Edit Mode double clicking on a fluidic line or selecting the line and choosing the menu entry brings up a dialog box in which you can set the line type A control line is shown dashed Note that aside from a different appearance changing line type has no impact respecting simulation Setting Blind Plugs Before starting a simulation FluidSIM checks for open connections and on request will fit a blind plug You can set or delete such blind plugs in the Edit Mode by double clicking on the desired hydraulic
23. Pressure switch make ladder The switch closes when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Relays Relay ladder The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Relay with switch on delay ladder The relay picks up after a preset time when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 5s Relay with switch off delay ladder The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out after a preset time when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 5s Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 191 B The Component Library B 4 Digital input Digital Components Digital inputs are designated with an I In FluidSIM digital components can be used inside and outside a digital module If a digital input is used inside a digital module you can determine the input connector of the digital module in question with which the digital input shall be linked by allocating a number 10 to 17 If there is an analog signal of more than 10V at the chosen input of the digital module the digital input is set to HI If a digital input is used outside a digital module there is an additional analog electrical conne
24. The copying distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages All rights reserved in particular the right to carry out patent utility model or ornamental design registration Contents i 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 2 224 2 2 2 23 2 4 3 1 Dea ao 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 Welcome gt gt 7 About FluidSIM 8 Layout of the Handbook __9 Conventions __ _ _ 10 Getting Started gt _ 11 Technical Requirements _____ 11 Installation 11 Installation with Program Activation 11 Installation with license connector ___ 12 Supplied Files TS De installation of a Single Position License 17 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 18 Simulating Existing Circuit Diagrams 21 The Different Simulation Modes __ ___ C C B Creating new Circuit Diagrams ___ 29 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 46 Additional Editing Functions __ 46 Additional Simulation Functions ___ YG Linking Components Automatically ___W__SSSSSSSSC C STB Current Path Numbering and Switc
25. Valves i Non return valves block flow in one direction and 8 allow free flow in the other In the direction of flow shown the sealing element is pressed against a seat by a spring and the hydraulic fluid t These valves are also available in designs without springs Since there must be no leaks in the closed position these valves are generally of poppet design 83 2 Non return valve 2 sewiwi IN the direction of flow shown the valve is opened by the hydraulic fluid which lifts the sealing element from the seat wwe IN this circuit the non return valve is used to protect the pump This prevents a load pressure from driving the pump in reverse when the electric motor is switched off Pressure peaks do not affect the pump but are discharged via the pressure relief valve In the Graetz rectifier circuit Graetz block four non return valves are combined to form a function unit The circuit diagram shows how this operates in conjunction with a flow control valve flow passes through this valve from left to right during both the advance and return strokes of the cylinder The situation during the advance stroke is shown During the advance stroke shown here flow control is carried out on the inlet side 244 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 85 2 Graetz block 2 The cylinder is on its return stroke The rectifier circuit means
26. be halted by switching to the mid position t As appropriate to the application in question a circuit of this kind must be equipped with a brake valve to prevent damage to the installation when the valve is switched to the mid position see also topic 53 From the logic point of view 4 3 way valves are ma ah 4 2 way valves with an additional mid position There are various versions of this mid position in the mid position in the example shown all ports are closed in the mid position see next illustration In the switching position shown there is flow from P to B and from A to T The 4 3 way valve is in its mid position all ports apart from the leakage oil port are closed n this mid position the pump is operating against the system pressure set on the pressure relief valve Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 241 C Didactics Material Survey 4 3 way valve with closed mid position 3 The valve is in its left hand switching position PRETEN there is flow from P to A and from B to T The circuit shows the 4 3 way valve in functional saw representation as a final control element of a double acting cylinder The valve is in its mid position the pump is operating against the system pressure set on the PRV t f with an operational installation it is desired to switch to pump recirculation this can be achieved by using an additional 2 2 way valve as a changeover va
27. box is chosen even the checked state values are not displayed 60 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The settings for the display behavior for state values belong to the current circuit diagram only Hence for several open circuit diagrams different view options can be defined By clicking on Save Settings Now the view option settings of the current circuit are saved and serve as default for newly opened circuit diagrams Special Features of the Vector quantities are characterized by an absolute value along witha Quantity Display direction To indicate the direction within a circuit diagram the signs into or toward a component and out of or away from a component are used An arrow may also be used to display direction FluidSIM uses both representations Quantity Direction indicator Flow Sign arrow Velocity Sign Force Sign Current Sign The arrow as a direction of flow indicator can be turned on or off by clicking under Display Flow Direction The arrow for the direction of flow will be shown clear the component connection that is as long as the flow is other than zero If the total value of a quantity is extremely near to zero 0 0001 no numerical value will be displayed Rather the symbol 0 for a small positive value or 0 for a small negative value is shown Festo Dida
28. check valve opens Otherwise it is shut In addition the check valve can be opened via a control line allowing flow in both directions Shuttle valve If one of the two input pressures is larger than zero the shuttle valve opens OR function and the higher input pressure becomes the output pressure Two pressure valve If both input pressures are larger than zero the two pressure valve opens AND function and the higher input pressure becomes the output pressure Pressure Control Valves Pressure relief valve In normal position the valve is closed If the opening pressure is reached at P T opens When the pressure drops below the preset level the valve closes again The flow direction is indicated by the arrow The pressure drop that is caused by a pressure relief valve that opens depends on its nominal pressure respecting some definite flow Thus for a precise behavior specification of a pressure relief valve both its nominal pressure and a flow must be specified Together these values denote a definite characteristic curve of the valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 350 bar 50 bar at flow 0 16l min 21 min 174 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Pressure relief valve with pilot control In normal position the valve is closed If the opening pressure is reached at P T opens When the pressure drops below the preset level the valv
29. cushioning restrictor must be installed in the inlet connection prevent pressure surges from damaging the tube The flow of oil to be measured passes through a movable orifice The orifice consists of a fixed cone and a hollow piston mounted on a spring The piston is pressed against the spring in proportion to the flow rate concerned The measuring error of this type of flow meter is approx 4 Measuring turbines oval disk meters or toothed wheel gauges are used when higher accuracy is required Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 255 C Didactics Material Survey C 13 Exercise Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery Exercises Problem The slide on a horizontal grinding machine is hydraulically actuated A machine operator determines that the reciprocating movement of the machine is no longer reaching the desired speed A possible cause of this is reduced pump delivery To investigate this it is necessary to plot a characteristic curve for the pump and compare this with the values achieved during initial commissioning As an additional exercise the circuit diagram and parts list for the necessary test assembly should be prepared Solution In order to draw the characteristic sie curve for the pump the volumetric flow of hydraulic fluid delivered by the pump Q is plotted against the operating pressure achieved p The manufacturer s characteristic curve exhibits a Slight down
30. exploited if it physically does not contradict a spring returned setting possibly defined above Choose from the left hand side in the topmost list a manual operation with snap in and select the spring returned option in the right field Close the dialog box via OK Now the valve should look as follows A B P T Move the mouse cursor over the left cylinder connection In Edit Mode the mouse cursor changes to a cross wires pointer gt when it is above a component connection Press the left mouse button while the mouse cursor is above the cylinder connection Move the mouse cursor and notice how the cross wires pointer gains arrows lt gt Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 35 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Keep pressing the mouse button and move the cross wires pointer gt to the upper left valve connection Notice how the arrows on the cross wires pointer turn inward lt gt Release the mouse button Immediately a line appears between the two chosen connections C FluidSIMicthnoname ct FluidSIM automatically draws a line between the two chosen connec tions The mouse cursor changes to the prohibited sign Q when it is not possible to draw a line between two connections Move the mouse cursor to a line 36 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits
31. idSIM you have to use labels When more than one mechanical switch has the same label all these switches operate with the switching of only one FluidSIM recognizes delay switches limit switches and pressure switches by the nature of their usage and by their labels and supplies the corresponding symbol for the switch in the electrical circuit for switch on delayed gt for switch off delayed for mechanical operated switches and for pressure operated switches The representation of switches that are actuated by cylinders can be determined by selecting the corresponding switch type in the component s properties dialog Make switch Triggered by Limit Switch e Switch with roll Es Reed contact Label Cancel Help This means that there do not exist special symbols for these switches in the FluidSIM component library Instead the symbols for simple switches can be utilized Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 75 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 10 Adjustable Components Certain components contain parameters that can be set in the Edit Mode A number of these components have been discussed in earlier sections The following table gives a complete overview Component Check valve Counterbalancing valve Cylinder Diaphragm type accumulator Flow control valve Hose Pressure reducing valve Pressure relief valve Pressure swit
32. if the ladle represents a light load If the ladle is very heavy the advance speed could rise to an unacceptably high level during the advance stroke of the piston rod ladle moving towards furnace and the ladle could as a result plunge too quickly into the molten metal This can be prevented by installing a back pressure valve in the B line between the valve and cylinder tractive load ES f as is required in this exercise the power component must positively assume a defined end position when the installation is at rest valves with spring return must be used as in this case Here a 4 2 way valve with spring return has been used since this ensures that the cylinder remains in the desired position if the hydraulic power unit is switched on unexpectedly The required cylinder diameter and the return speed of the piston rod can also be calculated as additional optional tasks in the exercise see the model calculations in the textbook 260 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 112 Exercise Paint drying oven 4 3 way valve Problem Workpieces are fed continuously through a paint drying oven on a conveyor belt In A 4 a order to minimize the heat loss through the door this should be opened only as much as required by the height of the workpieces The hydraulic control system should be designed so that the door can be held reliably in position for a l
33. is a loop mode for animation When this mode is turned on an animation will run and repeat itself until W is clicked The loop mode can be activated in the dialog box for the didactics options which is opened by clicking on Didactics Options When more than one topic pertains to a component or there exist additional topics to similar components a dialog box containing a listing of these topics is opened when clicking on Component Illustration FluidSIM also provides a textual description for all topics in the didactics material If the current window contains a picture from the didactics material for example a sectional view of a component or an exercise a page with the related topic description can be opened by clicking on Topic Description Open the topic 32by clicking on in the menu Click On Topic Description in the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics The following page opens lt a FluoidSIM H Help File Edit Bookmark Help 32 Externally toothed gear pump The increase in volume which results when a tooth moves out of mesh produces a vacuum in the suction area The hydraulic fluid is conveyed into the pressure area The hydraulic fluid is then forced out of the tooth gaps by the meshing of the teeth and displaced into the above supply line Beneath the textual description also a mini
34. lines should be added to the given circuit diagram The mode of operation of the circuit in the three switching positions should be described and the various piston speeds and forces compared Solution In order to achieve the same speed on the advance and return strokes a differential circuit by pass circuit can be used with differential cylinders with an area ratio of 2 1 Picture 116 2 shows the principle of a by pass circuit with a 3 2 way valve In the case of the parallel planing machine the necessary differential circuit can be achieved by using the mid position of a 4 3 way valve A B and P connected T closed In this switching position advance stroke the piston speed and force are twice as high as in the right hand switching position return stroke In the left hand switching position on the other hand the advance stroke is half as fast and the force twice as great as in the other two switching positions The speed for the advance and return strokes can be adjusted by means of a flow control valve fitted upstream Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 265 C Didactics Material Survey 266 116 continued Exercise Planing machine by pass circuit t t should also be noted that only half the force is available on the advance stroke at the mid position In the case of a tractive load the by pass position has the advantage that the piston is hydraulically clamped Differential cir
35. linked to a valve that is solenoid operated Distance rule The distance rule is a device for attaching switches at the cylinder The labels at the distance rule define links to the actual proximity switches or limit switches in the electrical circuit Status indicator In Edit Mode the status indicator is automatically displayed at those components that are actuated in the circuit s initial position Cam switch In Edit Mode the cam switch is automatically displayed at those mechanically operated way valves that are actuated in the circuit s initial position Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 203 B The Component Library Text The concept of text components in FluidSIM gives the user a way in which to describe components in diagrams assign identification texts or to provide commentary on the diagram The text and the appearance of text components can be customized to the user s liking State diagram The state diagram records the state quantities of important components and depicts them graphically Parts list The parts list component creates from the compo Single acting cylinder Thole check vahe nents of a circuit diagram a table which contains for 3 n Way Valve each component its designation and its description Rectangle Rectangles are graphic primitives which can also be used within circuit diagrams
36. ltem EaspPortt QutputPortt Browse Reverse Function Lo 1 OF Cancel Help a a ha Description of the dialog box e OPC Server Enter the OPC server here or click on Select from the list nd select a server 80 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Item Enter the data item here or click on Select and select an item from the list e Reverse Function Inverts the logical values of the DDE components Normally current flow corresponds to a logical 1 Select the option Use DDE by clicking OPC DDE Connection Select a DDE component from the library place it onto the drawing area and open its property dialog box by either double clicking or via Edit Properties The following dialog box opens DDE Input Port Label jset_O FFC Address The usage of the FPC addressing mode requires the option FPC Addressing Mode enabled which can be found in the menu Options ODE Connection Modul Address E Word Address 0 Bute Address 0 Reverse Function Lo 1 Cancel Help Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 81 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 13 Settings for the OPC DDE communication 82 Description of the dialog box Label Label of the DDE component Thi
37. manualy gt 53 C cam switch gt 203 CD ROM drive S 11 check valve with pilot control ____ CG without pilot control __ C O circle 204 circuit diagram backup _ 8G creation___ 29 current 337 149 default directory ___LW_ 136 drawing mistake ___E CGG load SSS print 120 Save 75 simulate _ CCD Superficial checking 64 too large S 276 click see mouse click __ _ 1 clipboard data format S 14 general__ _ _ SS S 0 command line___SSSSS S SSSS SSSS CSFS dT FG Compatibility LOGO___ SSO component actuation ___ 56 animation ___O 39 animation within circuit 42 connect ____ 85 280 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index copy delete description in clipboard in selection insert move permanent actuation photo properties rotate rotate selection sectional view select superimposed usage in circuit with label component library build create new rearrange using component parameter adjustable general components group same description ungroup computer power connection close digital electrical Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 50 32 274 85 50 47 50 31 56 86 68 76 115 51 51 87 94 107 32 64 273 87 69 129 129 129 126 12
38. of a rotary knob Please note that by the rotary knob no absolute resistance value can be set This means that in reality different throttle valves can generate different resistance values despite identical settings Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 One way flow control valve The setting of the One way flow control valve is set by means of a rotary knob A check valve see check valve is located parallel to the throttle valve Please note that by the rotary knob no absolute resistance value can be set This means that in reality different throttle valves can generate different resistance values despite identical settings Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 2 way flow control valve If the pressure is sufficient the preset flow is maintained to a constant level in the direction of the arrow Adjustable parameters Nominal flow 0 01 16l min 1 l min 176 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Flow divider valve The flow divider valve divides the flow from P into two equal flows at A and B Actuators Double acting cylinder Double acting cylinder with piston rod on one side The piston of the cylinder contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch Adjustable parameters Force 1000 1000 Newton 0 Newton Max stroke 10 6000 mm 200 mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm 0mm
39. one another Global Settings The global settings are found under the and the menu and belong to the following groups Global settings for various display features 1 i Large Mouse Cursor Activates or deactivates the large mouse cursor 2 vi Displays or hides the toolbar i Status Bar Displays or hides the status bar lt S S D D w lt S D Global settings in the dialog boxes 1 Options Options 2 3 Options Didactics 4 NI W Options Grid Other global settings 1 Protect Text Components Switches the protection for the text components on or off 2 Create Backup Files Enables or disables the automatic creation of a backup file for v 40 em 9S o o F Qa aqa 9 s 7 o 0 g an O BF 3 Sa 22 w o0 o 3 5 0 O s A 0 79 6 a ap Wn oF 2 3 Oo lt a 7 6 vo gt amp co o gt a w a Of 3a 5 c Fa fe D 2 3 6 2 aN o S x 3 o 5 nn Nn a S Co oO Qa OQ o A 5 a 3 Options Default Directory on Network 136 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Defines the default directory for circuit diagrams and presentation files If this option is enabled the default directory for the men tioned files is on the network file server Otherwise the default directory is on the local PC This menu entry is available only in the network version 4 Determines whether the global setti
40. pages sorted automatically e Scale factor In the number field Scale factor enlargement or reduction of the circuit diagram is typed in as a percentage The print preview window then re scales the circuit diagram according to the size proportion that was given If the paper size in combination with the chosen scaling factor exceeds the printer s printing area the diagram is printed in a tiled fashion The expected number of pages is indicated in the printer preview dialog box Pressing the Fit to paper size button sets the scale factor so that the circuit diagram fills out the entire paper area e Margin adjustment In order to take the printable regions of different output devices into account or enlarge the margin of a printout an offset in mm can be defined for the left as well as the upper margin Positive values move the drawing to the right or down negative values move the drawing to the left or up Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 121 6 Special Functions 6 6 DXF Export 122 e Alignment In some cases it could be useful to rotate or to mirror the drawing E g some printer drivers do not support rotating by themselves Printing begins by clicking on OK FluidSIM contains a filter module to export circuit diagram in the DXF format Hence circuit diagrams from FluidSIM can be imported into a CAD program where they can still be edited Click on
41. plug 4 Both connections are of the same type Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 139 7 Help and Advanced Tips 140 The parameters of a component cannot be changed Make sure that FluidSIM is in the Edit Mode or that the simulation has been paused M The hard disk is running non stop and the simulation is going Slowly There is not enough memory available A workaround is to quit other running applications or to quit Microsoft Windows and restart the computer Already drawn lines which are reported to be superimposed cannot be found Press the Del ey immediately after accepting the message then draw a new line FluidSIM does not behave normally Exit both FluidSIM and Microsoft Windows and then restart Microsoft Windows and FluidSIM G You are getting negative values for pressure Negative values for pressure mean that from a physical standpoint the power supply unit is not providing the necessary output Often the reason is that there is a too high tensile load on a cylinder In reality this situation can lead to different reactions depending on apparent loads and the power supply unit involved For this reason FluidSIM simply indicates a negative pressure value Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips ty The pressure drop on a pressure relief valve is higher than its preset targeted nominal
42. pressure Circuit diagrams can only be created or altered in the Edit Mode The Edit Mode is indicated with the following mouse cursor R Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 29 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 30 Each and every newly opened drawing area automatically contains a name with which it can be saved This name is found in the title bar of the new window Using the scrollbars found to the right of and underneath the component library you can scroll through the components Using the mouse you can drag and drop components from the component library onto the drawing area Move the mouse cursor to a component in the library more specifically to the cylinder Press the left mouse button While continuing to hold down the button move the cursor The cylinder is then highlighted selected and the mouse cursor changes to a four way directional cross f The component s outline moves with the mouse cursor Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Move the cursor to the drawing area and release the button on the mouse This action places the cylinder in the drawing area In this way it is possible to drag each component from the component library and place it in the desired position in the drawing area In the same way it is possible to rearrange co
43. simplified representation Tak Beata eonneation OV Detent switch make i 42 way solenoid valve i The parts list component analyzes all components of the diagram and generates table with columns for the component identifications and the component designations In this connection FluidSIM uses existing labels and texts as component identifications The sorting of the table can be customized to the user s liking moreover the parts list can be exported as a text file Also note that more than one parts list component can be inserted in a diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 117 6 Special Functions Properties of Parts Lists 118 Double click on a parts list component or select a parts list component and click on inthe menu Parts List Listing Accumulated Farts List i Single Position Parts List Sort lines Leave unsorted Designation Number Ascending Designation Number Descending Component Description Ascending Component Description Descending Layer 1 Cancel Help Description of the dialog box Parts List With the Accumulated Parts List option enabled all components of the same type become comprised into a single row As a consequence the first column of the parts list component shows the number of the comprised components With the Single Position Parts List option e
44. speed must however be maintained The question here is how to incorporate the necessary one way flow control valve in the circuit Possible solutions must be examined to see what thermal side effects occur and to determine the pressure load placed on the components concerned Solution The advance stroke can as a general principle be made slower by using either inlet or outlet flow control Either solution can be used in this control in comparison with outlet flow control inlet flow control has the advantage that no pressure intensification will take place The oil heated at the throttle point will however then pass through the power component The resulting expansion of materialis not however of significance for this simple vice If the solution with outlet flow control is selected it should be borne in mind that pressure intensification will take place in accordance with the area ratio of the differential cylinder of 2 1 The pressure relief valve will respond i e flow division will occur only when a pressure has built up on the piston rod side which is approximately twice as high as the system pressure set on the PRV The cylinder flow control valve and connectors used must therefore be suitable for this intensified pressure Precision drives for machine tools are a good example of cases in which it is essential to make allowance for expansion of the material of power components due to the passage through these of he
45. to use another PC your FluidSIM license has to be transfered to the new hardware This happens automatically if you again activate FluidSIM when starting the program with the new hardware Note that reactivation means license transferral After a reactivation on a new hardware FluidSIM cannot be activated again on the original PC Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 13 2 Getting Started Blue License Connector for To avoid a mistakenly loss of your licenses please consider the Single Position following tips Systems Important e Modification of the system configuration Usage Notes De install FluidSIM temporarily before you modify the system configuration exchange of hardware components re installation of the operating system e Temporary de installation of FluidSIM When temporarily de installing FluidSIM modified and newly created files can be preserved A subsequent re installation of FluidSIM will recognize these files e Hard disk failure In the case of a hard disk failure Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG will help to reactivate your FluidSIM license if you own a backup of the hard disk phone 0049 711 3467 0 14 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 2 Getting Started 2 3 The directory structure of FluidSIM is demonstrated in the following Supplied Files figure Fluidsim olx 2 GRE GB aq O bin C bmp4 5 bmpi 5 bmpi c E iy ct 5 shows
46. units 222 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey S 42jActuating force S Fundamentals of Valves p With some types of poppet valves the actuating force which is dependent on pressure and area may be very high In order to avoid this pressure compensation may be provided at the valves Valves are based either on the poppet principle or slide principle In poppet valves a ball a cone or a disc is pressed by a spring against the seat of a passage The high pressure per unit area which is created means that valves of this kind provide a very efficient seal The illustration shows a cone used as a sealing element ES See also topics 69 and 71 4 This illustration shows the principle of a longitu dinal slide valve In order to allow the piston to move it has a certain clearance and floats in hy draulic fluids Ring grooves ensure an even film of oil and thus pressure equilibrium The piston can thus be moved with minimal frictional losses This type of valve cannot provide a perfect seal which means that there is always a certain oil leakage In poppet valves a ball cone or occasionally a Tete pete gem ISK iS pressed against a seat area to act asa sealing element Valves of this type provide a very efficient seal Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 223 C Didactics Material Survey i Paionoverap SCS The swit
47. used as column separator Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 119 6 Special Functions e Semicolon The semicolon is used as column separator e Other The entered character is used as column Separator 6 5 FluidSIM contains a practical printing function that is always available Printing a Window s whether you are in the Edit Mode or the Simulation Mode The contents Contents of any window in FluidSIM can be printed Click on to open the print preview dialog box Print File Printer Name HF Color Laserdet 5M ka Properties Status Type HP Color Laserlet 5M Where LPT1 Comment 120 Frint to file C FluidS lM sct tp201 SEP_G_10 CT Number of copies 3 W Collate Scale Factor 130 a Fit to paper size Margin adjustment Left fo mm Top fo mm Alignment l Rotate Mirror Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Description of the dialog box e Printer This list contains all available local as well as network printers A printer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a printer e Properties Opens a dialog box with available printer options e Copies In the number field Number of copies the desired number of copies is typed in If the printout consists of several pages you can check the Collate to have the
48. with four connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Configurable 5 n way valve The configurable 5 n way valve is a way valve with five connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Mechanically Actuated 2 2 way stem Actuated valve i Directional Valves If the cylinder piston actuates the stem flow is enabled from P to A This valve is derived from a configurable 2 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 2 2 way stem Actuated valve ii If the cylinder piston actuate the stem the flow from P to Ais shut off This valve is derived from a configurable 2 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 3 2 way hand lever valve In normal position the connection P is closed and A to T opened When manually actuated T is shut off and P to A opened This valve is derived from a configurable 3 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 168 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library 4 2 way hand lever valve i In normal position the connec
49. working port or from the working port to the tank port The third port in each case is closed In the normal position shown P is closed and flow released from A to T See also topic 71 slide principle The 3 2 way valve is actuated flow is released ely from P to A the outlet T is closed t 3 2 way valves which are normally open from P to A and T closed are also available wwe The circuit shows the 3 2 way valve in a functional Dy representation as a final control element of a single acting cylinder The non return valve protects the pump in cases where the 3 2 way valve is actuated and the piston rod is subject to an external load 236 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Circuit diagram 3 2 way valve as final control element The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the circuit symbol for the 3 2 way valve The animations show the actuation and release of the manual pushbutton for a 3 2 way valve which causes the piston rod of the cylinder to advance and retract The 3 2 way valve has a working port A a supply ahs port P and a tank port T The volumetric flow can be routed from the supply port to the working port or from the working port to the tank port The third port in each case is closed In the normal position shown P is closed and flow is released from Ato T See also the 3 2 way valve de
50. you to select between grid types and line resolution Options Grid m Width Style Coarse Point Medium Cross Fine i Line l Display Grid Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Width The grid width defines how close together the lines of the grid should be You can choose between Coarse Medium or Fine o Style There are three types of grid to choose from Point Cross or Line e Display Grid This selection displays or hides the background grid Grouping Objects If objects shall be subsumed under a single group select them and click Edit Group Groups can be nested The objects of a group can be selected moved deleted or copied only all at once However component properties can be edited individually as usual by either double clicking the object or choosing the respective entry in the component s context menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 55 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Ungrouping Objects 4 2 Additional Simulation Functions Simultaneous Actuation of Several Components Switching to the Edit Mode Editing and Simulating in Parallel 56 To ungroup a collection of objects click Edit Ungroup Note that only the outermost group is resolved repeated ungrouping will resolve nested groups This section describes in detail additi
51. 1 Valves Directional Control Valves 12 Valves Non Retum Valves 13 Valves Pressure Control Valves 14 Valves Flow Control Valves 15 Representation of Hydraulic Systemes in Circuit Diagrams Description of the dialog box e Available Educational Films This field contains a list of available educational films By double clicking on a line in the list the dialog box closes and the media playback starts playing the selected film Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 105 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Preview When the Preview setting is activated a typical scene from the film appears underneath the list of titles Clickon The Hydraulic Power Unit to Start the playback of the selected film FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project Yiew Options Window rr galon tO 2 E Mdd sBIQQRQAQQAA as gt I e gt Pm p gt Total View Component Library SEE amp Windows Media Player SEE ie Shuttle valve Two pressure E Way Valve EN Way Valve 4 my Valve E y Valve H say Se Do Text Distance rule State a Parts List Shutoff valve a valve Art Systems Software GmbH Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co 72 Files 7 106 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Underneath the window for the media playback you will the find the contr
52. 38 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 4 2 way valve three pistons 1 74 7 This 4 2 way valve has two working ports A and th B a Supply port P and a tank port T The supply port is always connected to one of the working ports while the second working port is routed to the tank In the neutral position there is flow from P to B and from A to T 4 2 way valves with three pistons require a leakage oil port since hydraulic fluid would otherwise be trapped within the valve swa The 4 2 way valve is actuated and there is flow tite from P to Aand from B to T The circuit shows the 4 2 way valve in functional em representation as a final control element of a double acting cylinder t The non return valve protects the pump in cases where the piston rod of the cylinder is subject to an external load Circuit diagram 4 2 way valve was The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 4 2 way valve as a circuit symbol Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 239 C Didactics Material Survey From the logic point of view 4 3 way valves are aittiy 4 2 way valves with an additional mid position There are various versions of this mid position in the mid position in the example shown the supply port P is directly connected to the tank T see next illustration In the switching positio
53. 6 76 76 55 273 56 25 57 60 193 179 281 Index 282 general hydraulic incompatible mechanical open properties quantities Superimposed Connection Digital context menu context sensitive counter electrical counteracting valve current path numbering cycle cylinder distance rule problem double acting single acting smooth movement DDE communication in options out de installation default directory delay switches detent switch break changeover Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co 35 166 272 203 53 64 272 273 60 60 64 272 79 20 50 85 187 175 58 112 274 177 178 178 78 80 82 188 82 188 17 136 181 189 184 185 KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index make ___ BF diagram new SSG print tiled __ _ OG dialog project 85 dialog box diagram _ __ 4 drawing layers__SSSSSSCSSSSSSSSFSSSSSSC iOZP drawing size 46 DXF symbol _ 125 ellipse __ 1 exporting parts lists _ 119 import DXF file 123 label__ _ 71 paper size___ OG parts list__ _ 118 rectangles valve editor___E 8G 52 diaphragm accumulator ____WJJJ__ 166 didactics animation speed __ OO CCSC 17 basic hydraulics WJ 06 component description ____SC C SS component photo _______SSSSSSSS SCSCSSSSCSCSSCSC cylinder___ 5 educational film___ 105 270 exercise 95 exe
54. Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Open anew diagram window and navigate through the menu hierarchy until you have reached the component pressure control valve with manometer Observe the preview window in the left corner while navigating FluidSIM H SE Fila Fdir Fvecike lihrary POSA Didactics Project View Options Window Find Component F3 00 ool B RRAQRQ Y s I ee gt a Rectangle Circle Ellipse Hydraulic Components Shutoff valves gt Sele Electrical Components Supply Elements gt A Digital Components Pressure Control Valves gt b b b OPC DDE Components Mechanically Operated Distance rule Measuring Devices Parts List Flow Control Yalves 2 way Flow control valve State Diagram Solenoid Operated Flow divider valve b Text Configurable Valves d One way flow control valve d Throttle valve r Yalve solenoid Actuators Analog pressure sensor lt c FluidSIM sym hyd F alves sF4 ct After a symbol has been chosen it is inserted in the current diagram and gets selected It then can be moved and connected as usual Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 133 6 Special Functions 6 9 Managing Projects Creating a New Project 134 FluidSIM allows of including various settings and files in a project file with a unique name thereby facilitating project management When Opening a proj
55. Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 46 46 46 272 109 64 122 123 194 200 47 56 47 56 24 11 105 270 131 179 188 188 66 112 204 285 Index fatal__ 77 message __ 77 exercise bending machine___W P _ 257 clamping device___SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 262 drilling machine 267 268 drying oven 261 embossing press 259 feed control S 264 grinding machine 256 hydraulic crane _ 263 ladle 200 overview ___ DS planing machine______CiG5 2666 roller conveyor ___ 5B Explorer ___ _ 14 F file create__ 75 delete___ 75 Open__ ___ AA 275 replace 7S Save 275 Save aS _ S 276 unknown format 275 film see educational film __ CCC Filter 166 flow control valve 176 flow direction indicator default setting gt 137 general__ gt 61 flow divider valve 177 flow meter gt _ 179 Frequency Threshold Trigger digital S 202 286 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index G graphic primitives cycle ellipse rectangle Square grid see background grid group components objects H help on problems HI digital hose hydraulic motor hydraulics basics Input digital insert parts list installation FluidSIM FluidSIM in network L label at componen
56. Drilling machine pressure regulator Solution Pressure regulators can as general principle be used to reduce the general system pressure in a part of a hydraulic installation If we consider the two control chains for the drilling machine without pressure regulation we can observe the following undesirable effects When 1V1 is actuated the workpiece is first clamped at full system pressure If 2V1 is now actuated the system pressure will drop to the operating pressure of the drilling cylinder The same applies to the pressure at the clamping cylinder If the circuit is expanded to include the pressure regulator 1V3 this enables the clamping pressure to be adjusted The system pressure upstream of the PRV will however continue to fall during the advance stroke of 2A In order to maintain the preset clamping pressure at outlet A of the PRV reliably the pressure at inlet P must be higher than this This can be achieved by fitting the additional flow control valve OV2 upstream of the final control element 2V1 Maximum return stroke speed is achieved for the clamping cylinder by means of 1V2 which is used to by pass 1V3 The flow control valve 2V3 means that the advance stroke speed of the drilling cylinder is independent of load and adjustable Due to the tractive load of the attached spindle however an additional PRV must be fitted as a back pressure valve The non return valves 2V2 and 2V5 provide a by pass during the return stro
57. FESTO FluidSIM 3 6 Hydraulics User s Guide FluidSiM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window Hig Slo sels E Sol oll o QRQAQQQAA alm mam mi Total View Component Library BR Windows Media Player ee aox C FluidSIMictiDEMO1 CT oar Filter Shuttle valve Way Valve B n Way Valve ES Double actin Double actin Bi Art Systems Software GmbH Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co 648590 GB 04 04 FluidSIM 3 Hydraulics is the result of a joint research venture between the Measuring and Control Technology Department of Duisburg University and the Knowledge based Systems Department of the University of Paderborn Concept and development of FluidSIM 3 Hydraulics is based on research work carried out by Dr Daniel Curatolo Dr Marcus Hoffmann and Dr habil Benno Stein Mechanical Engineering contributions by Dr Ralf Lemmen Order No 648590 Description HANDBUCH Designation D HB FSH3 GB Edition 4 2004 Author Art Systems Layout Art Systems Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG D 73770 Denkendorf 1996 2004 Internet www festo com didactic e mail did festo com Art Systems Software GmbH D 33102 Paderborn 1995 2004 Internet www art systems com www fluidsim com e mail info art systems com Eaton Corporation USA Eden Prairie MN 2001 Internet www eatonhydraulics com e mail HydraulicsTraining eaton com
58. G and Art Systems FluidSIM 145 7 Help and Advanced Tips 146 The first line contains the description of the presentation which also appears in the selection box The following lines contain the numbers of the topics for the presentation in corresponding order When a shw file is created by FluidSIM the topic numbers are written within brackets followed by the appropriate name for the topic The shw file for the presentation named Exercises does appear as follows Exercises 107 1 Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery 108 1 Bending machine directly controlled pressure relief valve 109 1 Roller conveyor flow resistance 110 1 Embossing press activation of a single acting cylin der 111 1 Ladle activation of a double acting cylinder 112 1 Paint drying oven 4 3 way valve 113 1 Clamping device closing speed 114 1 Hydraulic crane speed reduction 115 1 Feed control for a lathe speed control 116 1 Planing machine by pass circuit 117 1 Drilling machine pressure regulator The brackets and the topic names can be left out when the file is manually created l e the contents of the presentation Exercises could look like the following Exercises L072 108 109 TLO LEN PPP Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips Network Installation of FluidSIM T12 L13 114 115 LLG i a PPP PP PB FluidSIM automatic
59. Hydraulics Advanced Level TP 502 tp601 Circuits in the workbook Electro hydraulics Basic Level TP 601 tp602 Circuits in the workbook Electro hydraulics Advanced Level TP 602 The directory lib contains the component library of FluidSIM as total view The directory 1ib2 contains the component library of the versions 2 x of FluidSIM The directory misc contains auxiliary files and option files for FluidSIM The directory snd contains sound files for FluidSIM The directory sym shows the component library of FluidSIM as a hierarchical view In the same hierarchical fashion the contents of this directory is also shown in the menu Insert The directory shw contains files for use with presentations Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 2 Getting Started The directory ppx contains extended PowerPoint presentations The directory tmp contains the pre calculated circuit models and temporary files created by FluidSIM The complete FluidSIM software takes up approximately 16 MB of memory on the hard disk 2 4 The following steps are necessary to de install FluidSIM from your De installation of a computer Single Position License Connect the blue license connector to the parallel port LPT 1 Click on the program icon Remove FluidSIM H inthe Start Menu Program Files Festo Didactic Ifthe program icon cannot be found start the program fduninst exe inthe bin subdirectory of
60. IM configuration files on the network Moreover a FluidSIM de installation from this PC will delete the FluidSIM program files and consequently FluidSIM is no longer available on the network If these side effects are to be avoided the network installation of FluidSIM can be performed manually Install FluidSIM without the network option on a local PC using its local hard drive Copy the entire FluidSIM directory on the network file system De install FluidSIM from the local PC The license connector will be credited with the license and the FluidSIM files reside on the network without having wasted a license Now perform the local installation procedure as described above If local PCs are not equipped with a CD ROM drive and if these PCs have no access to a CD ROM drive of some other PC the educational films may also be played from the network file system If sufficient disk space is left on the network file system the movie files can be copied to the installation folder during the setup procedure Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 1 File This chapter contains a complete listing of the menus in FluidSIM and can be utilized as a quick reference guide The term current circuit refers to the selected circuit diagram window A selected window will always be fully visible and its title bar will be highlighted New Ctrl N DO Opens a new window to create a circ
61. In the Edit Mode the mouse cursor changes to a line selection symbol sr when it is positioned over a line Press the left mouse button and move the line selection symbol to the left Release the mouse button Immediately the line is redrawn C FluidSIMicthnoname ct In the Edit Mode the components and lines can be selected moved or deleted by clicking on or by pressing the Connect the remaining components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 37 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The circuit diagram should look somewhat like the following one C FluidSIMicthnoname ct The circuit diagram has been completely drawn and connected Attempt to simulate this circuit 38 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits During simulation all pressures and flow rates are calculated all lines are colored and the cylinder s piston extends C FluidSIMicthnoname ct After the cylinder has been extended the pressure in the cylinder supply line must inevitably increase This situation is recognized by FluidSIM and the parameters are recalculated the pressure downstream of the pump unit increases to the value as defined by the pump unit safety guard In order to keep the value of the maximum pressure low the pump unit must be equipped with a pressure relief valve Festo Didactic Gm
62. In the ct subdirectory of the 1_sim_h installation additional subdirectories for diagrams can be created These subdirectories are automatically found by FluidSIM and extra directory icons are created for them Open the circuit diagram demo1 ct by double clicking on its miniature representation Circuit diagrams can also be opened using the File Selector dialog box By clicking on or choosing under the menu the File Selector dialog box will appear in which a circuit diagram can be opened by double clicking on its filename Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 23 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits In either case the circuit diagram is opened and displayed in a new window FluidSIM switches to the simulation mode and starts the simulation of the circuit diagram When in the simulation mode the mouse cursor changes to a hand J During the simulation FluidSIM first calculates all electrical parameters This step is followed by formulating the model of the hydraulic circuit and based on the model the entire distribution for flow and pressure is calculated 24 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Formulating models is demanding Depending on a circuit s complexity and the computer s power a circuit s simulation may take considerable time As soon as the results are available the con
63. Opens a dialog box that can be utilized to recall available Microsoft PowerPoint presentations The files of the extended presentations are located in the ppx subdirectory of your FluidSIM installation You can add PowerPoint presentations on your own by copying the respective opt files or pps files to the ppx subdirectory Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 7 Project Educational Film Opens a dialog box with educational films related to electro hydraulics By double clicking on a topic in the list the dialog box closes and the media playback starts playing the selected film Zz D 4 a gt a h a wn i is a O a oO x lt a O ne i is oO je Q seb i gt ne 2 g gt Q a jet oO a a ie je is Q iS a D 2 a a or f oO WwW idje oO or or F oO oO oO x or oO a O 5 Ze K t 4 a gt a p a wn i is a O a Oo x lt a O ne i gt is je Q je xe 2 is Q a jet Wn i is O is oO je oO O ne i is Q lose Add Current Window gt 4 lt i 5 gt 2 Q D wn a E em o D la Cc r R E 5 2 D a 3 2 N oO 25 Wn tr o D oO or rat D 3 a WN or or gt Oo oO H v D S 3 D D pea a _ Wn D D A
64. Opens for a window with a didactics material picture for example a sectional view of a component or an exercise the page with the textual description of the topic Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 155 A FluidSIM Menus 156 Hydraulics Basics Opens a dialog box that contains a topics list of hydraulics basics Here those overviews functional illustrations and animation are comprised that are useful when teaching basic concepts of hydraulics By clicking on a topic in the list the dialog box closes and a window with a picture of the chosen topic appears Working Principle Opens a dialog box with sectional views that focus on the function of single components For several components their sectional view can be animated like a cartoon By double clicking on a topic in the list the dialog box closes and a window with the chosen sectional view appears Exercise Opens a dialog box with exercises related to electro hydraulics By double clicking on a topic in the list the dialog box closes and a window with the chosen exercise appears Each exercise consists of three pictures which can be spooled manually or automatically Presentation Opens a dialog box that can be utilized to recall available presentations along with creating new presentations Presentations allow for the combination of individual topics into a lesson ideal for teaching hydraulics Extended Presentation
65. SIM 103 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics When clicking the right mouse button a context menu is opened by which among others the presentation can be closed or particular pictures picked out The files of the extended presentations are in the subdirectory ppx of the FluidSIM installation You can add new PowerPoint presentations on your own by copying the related files format ppt or pps into the ppx directory Like the other didactics material illustrations of function component photos circuit drawings educational films etc the PowerPoint presentations can linked and used within presentations cf Section 5 3 104 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 5 The FluidSIM CD ROM contains 15educational films which last between Playback of Educational 1 to 10 minutes in length and cover a specific area of electro hydraulics Films Click on to open the dialog box that contains a list of the educational films Educational Film 1 Learning Systems for Automation 2 Physical Principles Pressure fluids 3 Physical Principles Pressure and Flow Aate 4 Physical Principles Transmission of Force and Displacement 5 Physical Principles Pressure Transmission 6 Physical Principles Types of Flow 7 Basic Design of Hydraulic Systems 8 The Hydraulic Power Unit 9 Hydraulic Drives 10 Valves 1
66. Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to the selected topic appears underneath the topics list Exercises FluidSIM provides 11practice assignments with standard exercises in the field of electro hydraulics Each assignment consists of three pictures The first picture shows the problem and the second picture shows one attempt at solving to demonstrate a basic idea The third picture shows the complete solution in the form of a circuit diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 95 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on Didactics Exercise to open a dialog box that contains the exercises Exercise 107 1 Horizontal grinding machine Z 007 2 Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery 007 3 Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery 007 4 Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery 007 5 Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery 108 1 Bending machine directl controlled pressure relief valve 108 2 Bending machine directl controlled pressure relief valve 108 3 Bending machine directl controlled pressure relief valve 108 4 Bending machine directl controlled pressure relief valve 109 1 Roller conveyor flow resistance 109 2 Roller conveyor flow resistance 109 3 Roller conveyor flow resistance 109 4 Roller conveyor flow resistance 109 5 Roller conveyo
67. Window Specific Settings The following settings are window specific 1 zoom factor 2 window size 3 window position Window specific settings can be saved by clicking on under the Options menu 138 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips This chapter serves as the first place to find help when dealing with questions that come from working with FluidSIM The second section of this chapter provides background information for advanced users 7 1 2 When attempting to perform certain actions you are prompted to The Most Frequently insert the FluidSIM CD Occurring Problems FluidSIM cannot find certain installation directories on the hard disk Probably not all of the software components were loaded at the time of installation Either insert the CD or reinstall the missing software components Component cannot be moved or deleted Make sure that you are in the Edit Mode components can only be moved or deleted in the Edit Mode 2 Components cannot be dragged onto the drawing area Make sure that you are in the Edit Mode 2 Components cannot be moved or deleted in the Edit Mode Make sure that you have selected a component and not a component connection A line cannot be drawn between two connections Make sure to check the following points 1 FluidSIM is in the Edit Mode 2 No other connections are selected 3 Both connections do not have a blind
68. a drawing layer whose Edit option is disabled This way the frame is anchored and will not interfere when placing components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions By double clicking on an imported DXF symbol the following dialog box is opened Component Description Layer 1 r Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Description In this field a designation can be entered which is also displayed in the parts list e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the symbol The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the symbol may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible symbol or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 125 6 Special Functions 6 8 The components in the component library can be rearranged according Using and Organizing to their usefulness and the desire of the user Component Libraries Rearranging a Component Enlarge the window of the component library Library Using the rubber band select for example the following twelve components FluidSiM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project Yiew Options Window ed e Slob BO 2 2 Fol ol B QRAQQQ
69. able Circuit symbols for non return valves wee The symbol for non return valves is a ball which is pressed against a seat Delockable non return valves are shown by a square containing the symbol for a non return valve The pilot control for unlocking the non return valve is indicated by a broken line at the pilot port The pilot port is designated by the letter X Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 213 C Didactics Material Survey 21 Circuit symbols for measuring devices The illustration shows the symbols for measuring devices used in hydraulics T P T 214 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 4 22 Hydrostatic pressure Some Physical l Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure created above Fundamentals a certain level within a liquid as a result of the weight of the liquid mass Hydrostatic pressure is not dependent on the shape of the vessel concerned but only on the height and density of the column of liquid tS Hydrostatic pressure can generally be ignored for the purpose of studying hydraulics exception see topic 2 If a force F acts on an area A of an enclosed liquid a pressure p is produced which acts throughout the liquid Pascal s Law t Hydrostatic pressure has been ignored here The term pressure propagation is also used to mean the pulse velocity in liquids approx 1000 m s 2 If a
70. after it has run only a little bit The simulation will run for a short time period and is then paused M The single step mode can be applied at any time to an already running simulation Simulate until State Change gt Starts the simulation until a state change happens the simulation is then paused if A state change occurs when a cylinder piston travels a stop a valve switches a relay or a switch is actuated The state change mode can be applied at any time to an already running simulation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 153 A FluidSIM Menus A 4 Library 154 Next Topic pai Switches to the next topic in a presentation Hierarchical View Opens a library window where the FluidSIM components are organized hierarchically i e within a tree Total View Opens a library window that shows a total view of all FluidSIM components FluidSIM Version 2 Opens a library window that shows the original component library of the FluidSIM Version 2 If only these components are used the constructed circuit diagrams can be opened and simulated by all previous versions of FluidSIM New Opens a dialog box for the creation of a user defined component library User defined component libraries can be rearranged according to the users will and in contrast to the FluidSIM standard libraries components can be added or deleted from them Rename Opens a dialog box to rename a user def
71. ak changeover switches should be placed above the relays e The relays should be placed closed to the bottom OV current path e All connections of a vertical current path should align e The horizontal distances between the paths should be equal and of reasonable distance If the automatic numbering or the label positions are not entirely satisfying a manual adjustment of a few lines or components will yield the desired layout quality in most cases If two separated electrical circuits cause an unfavorable numbering try to increase the distance between these circuits The automatic current path numbering can enabled or disabled via Display current path numbering and switching elements table Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 5 The values for all or only selected quantities of a circuit can also be Displaying Quantity displayed without measuring instruments Values Click under the menu on Quantity Values to open the dialog box for the display of quantities View Quantity values None Particular Velocity w M s s Force F N C Throttle valve Opening Level c s O Hydraulic Connection Pressure p bar s Flow g Imin C Electrical Connection Voltage O Current 4 Digital Connection State La Hil 9 S S D l Display Measurement Units E Cancel Help For each of the listed qu
72. ally Mechanically Hydraulically Hydraulically Y Y z Electrically Electrically Description of the dialog box e Left Right Actuation For both sides the actuation modes of the valve can be defined individually it can be one or more of the categories manual mechanical or hydraulic electrical An operation mode is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a category no operation mode is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list Moreover for each side of the valve the attributes spring returned and piloted can be set e Description Enter here a name for the valve This name is used in the state diagram and in the parts list 34 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits e Valve Body A configurable valve has at most four positions For each of the positions a valve body element can be chosen individually Such an element is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a position no element is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list e Initial Position This button defines the valve s initial position Sometimes also called normal position or neutral position which is the position without having any operation applied to the valve Note that this setting is only
73. ally inserts the brackets and topic names if you select this file in the presentation dialog box for editing purposes and then exit the dialog box by clicking on OK If several PCs are running in a network a complete installation of FluidSIM must only be performed once on the network file system Then on the local PCs merely the license information and a few configuration files are required This concept serves several purposes the saving of disk space on the local hard disks the simplification of software maintenance the quick distribution of circuit diagrams or the installation of new releases of FluidSIM The installation of the network version happens within the following steps Perform a Standard installation of FluidSIM on the network file system Note that the local PCs must be authorized to read the FluidSIM files on the network file system Use the network option when installing FluidSIM on the other local PCs by calling the installation program as follows setup exe N During a local installation the installation program asks for the network path of the FluidSIM bin directory Thus FluidSIM must have been installed on the network file system before any local installation can be performed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 147 Help and Advanced Tips 148 An aside The PC used during the FluidSIM standard installation on the network file system also reads and writes the FluidS
74. alve allows free flow non return function One way flow control valves are available with a fixed restrictor and with variable flow control Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 249 C Didactics Material Survey 95 1 2 way flow control valve 1 Flow control valves have the task of providing constant volumetric flow independently of pressure changes at the inlet or outlet of the valve This is achieved firstly by means of an adjustable restrictor which is set to the desired volumetric flow In order to keep the pressure drop across the throttle point constant a second regulating restrictor pressure compensator is also required The illustration shows the valve in its normal position tS 2 way flow control valves always operate in conjunction with a pressure relief valve The part of the flow which is not required is discharged via the PRV 95 2 2 way flow control valve 2 s When fluid flows through the valve the pressure drop across the adjustable restrictor is kept constant by the pressure compensator which varies the resistance at the upper throttle point in accordance with the load at the inlet or outlet See also the animation for this topic In the case of this flow control valve the pressure difference is kept constant by a adjustable restrictor i e between p and po If the pressure p3 rises as the result of an external load the overall resistance of the va
75. ample in topic 94 224 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Vertical interconnection system Vertical interconnection systems modular hydraulics mean that less space is required and that no piping is needed between the components The circuit symbols directly marked on the components give greater clarity in the installation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 225 C Didactics Material Survey C 7 50 1 Pressure relief valve 1 Pressure Valves M In this design incorporating a poppet valve a seal phe is pressed against the inlet port P by a pressure spring when the valve is in its normal position In this situation for example an unloaded piston rod is executing an advance stroke and the entire pump delivery is flowing to the cylinder Pressure relief valve 2 As soon as the force exerted by the inlet pressure ra at A exceeds the opposing spring force the valve begins to open In this situation for example the piston rod is fully advanced the entire pump delivery is flowing at the preset system pressure to the tank This illustration shows a pressure relief valve pe within a basic hydraulic circuit used to control a double acting cylinder t The resistances at the outlet tank line filter must be added to the force of the spring in the pressure relief valve See also the animation Interaction of co
76. antities Velocity Pressure a display mode can be chosen When displaying pressure values it can be chosen between two different units Bar and MPa This setting affects the display of pressure values at connections at components and within state diagrams Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 59 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Description of the dialog box e None No values are displayed for this quantity e Particular Values are displayed at those connections that the user has previously chosen e AlL Values are displayed at all connections for this quantity e Display Measurement Units Enable this option if both state values and the related units shall be displayed l For each quantity there is a key short cut for toggling between the three display modes The Shortcut column of the dialog box for the quantity display shows the appropriate keys Selecting connections for the display of single parameters is explained here Open a circuit diagram Change into the Edit Mode and double click on a component connection or click under the menu on Properties A dialog box with the connection settings opens The field Show Values defines the state values to be displayed when the selected option in the state values dialog box is chosen However if the no option in the state values dialog
77. assigned to more than one component After acknowledging the dialog box the respective components appear selected Modify the component description s or as the case may be rearrange them such that their assignment becomes definite YD There have been warnings Start simulation anyway This prompt appears when any of the above drawing errors can be found in the circuit diagram If the simulation is started while connections are open FluidS IM will supply these open connections with blind plugs Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 273 D Messages D 3 Operating Errors 274 i There is no cylinder close to the distance rule A distance rule can only be given a label when it is assigned to a cylinder Move the distance rule near a cylinder so that it snaps into place Now a label can be entered by double clicking the measuring scale i No superficial errors detected The circuit diagram does not contain any of the above described drawing errors i No objects found You tried to check a circuit diagram for drawing errors or to start the simulation but there are no components located in the current window A Objects cannot be deleted from the FluidSIM standard libraries Create a new library if you want to set up a custom library Objects can neither be added nor deleted from the FluidSIM standard libraries However new custom libraries can be created instead which contain merely your prefe
78. ated oil Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Hydraulic crane speed reduction wae Problem Press tools of varying weights are inserted into a press by means of a hydraulic crane A double acting cylinder raises and lowers the load During the commissioning of the hydraulic crane it has become apparent that the advance speed of the piston rod is too high The solutions have been proposed to reduce this speed a circuit with exhaust flow control and a circuit with a back pressure valve A suitable solution must be selected and reasons stated for this choice Since the second solution is not _ capable of operating in this form this must be rectified by correcting the circuit diagram Solution If the solution with exhaust flow control is selected it must be borne in mind that the cylinder flow control valve and connectors must be suitable for this intensified pressure The solution chosen is the circuit with the back pressure valve in this case the load is clamped hydraulically and a pressure intensification effect does not occur since the pressure can be adjustable by means of the pressure relief valve as appropriate to the load A non return valve must be installed to provide a by pass on the return stroke t Inlet flow control cannot be used to control a tractive load the load forces oil out of the piston rod chamber faster than oi
79. aturized representation of the related picture is given 5 2 The entries Hydraulics Basics Working Principle and Exercise under Selecting Didactics the menu present the didactics material of FluidSIM organized Material from a List in the form of three topics lists From these lists topics can be chosen and viewed independently of the current window and possibly selected components Hydraulics Basics Under this menu entry those overview pictures sectional views and animations are comprised that aid in teaching basic hydraulic knowledge Here you can find information for such topics as the representation of diagram symbols and their meaning animations relating to element designations and simple circuit diagrams that demonstrate the interaction of individual components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 91 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on Hydraulics Basics under the menu to open a dialog box containing the topics list for basic concepts in hydraulics Hydraulics Basics 2 Press with elevated reservoir 3 Mobile hydraulics Excavator 4 1 Structure of a hydraulic system 4 2 Hydraulic power section 4 3 Block diagram of a control systern 5a Interaction of components Animation 5 14 Interaction of components Animation 5 2a Interaction of components Animation 5 3a Interaction of components Animation 5 44 Interaction of co
80. aulic reservoir contains the hydraulic fluid required the operate the installation Within the reservoir air water and solid matter are separated out of the hydraulic fluid The size of the reservoir will depend on the practical application involved for stationary systems the volume of fluid delivered by the pump in 3 to 5 minutes can be taken as a guide In mobile hydraulic systems on the other hand the reservoir contains only the maximum quantity of hydraulic fluid required 32 Externally toothed gear pump The increase in volume which results when a tooth moves out of mesh produces a vacuum in the suction area The hydraulic fluid is conveyed into the pressure area The hydraulic fluid is then forced out of the tooth gaps by the meshing of the teeth and displaced into the above supply line Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 219 C Didactics Material Survey 33 Internally toothed gear pump The inner gear is driven by a motor The teeth of the inner wheel drive the outer gear wheel The rotary motion creates a vacuum in the gaps between the teeth causing hydraulic fluid to be sucked in On the other side the teeth engage once more and oil is displaced from the tooth chambers See previous individual illustration The design can deliver pressures of up to approx 175 bar Hydraulic motors represent the reverse of the function principle aw An oil filter situated in the r
81. bH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 39 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Drag a pressure relief valve and a second tank into the window In reality to connect a component to an existing line requires a T connection FluidSIM automatically creates a T connection when you draw a line from a connection to an existing line Using the cross wires cursor gt draw a line between the input connection of the pressure relief valve to the line connecting the pump unit and the valve Notice how the arrows in the cross wires turn inwards amp gt Release the mouse button The T connection appears on the line at the point where the mouse button was released Connect the tank to the pressure relief valve When possible draw the line so that the wiring diagram is arranged clearly 40 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The circuit diagram should now appear somewhat like the following diagram C FluidSIMicthnoname ct Save the circuit by clicking on ial or File Save FluidSIM automati cally opens the File Selector dialog box if the title is new here you must give the circuit a name Start the simulation by clicking W Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 41 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The cylinder s piston extends As soon as the piston
82. be located directly over a component if the rubber band shall be opened Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits All components enclosed either partially or fully by the rubber band are selected All components and lines of the current circuit diagram can be selected by clicking under or typing Editing functions such as dragging or moving copying and deleting apply to all selected components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 49 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Right Mouse Button Double Clicking with the Mouse Copying Copying between Windows 50 When you click the mouse button on the right in a FluidSIM window the appropriate context menu is opened If the mouse cursor is located above a component or component connection the item will become selected If this component was not yet selected then a possibly existing selection of other components will be de selected Clicking the right mouse button on a component connection is actually a short cut for the following two actions Clicking the left mouse button on the component connection and opening a menu Double clicking the left mouse button on a component connection is a short cut for the following two actions Selecting the component connection and clicking on Edit Properties Selected components can be c
83. break___ 81 189 changeover 181 make 181 189 with rol S 182 183 switching element table 58 symbol DX a 125 Symmetric Clock Generator digitah__ __S 201 T T connection___ GO 58 T junction digital ____ES OG electrical__ _ 180 hydraulic ____ 167 table switching element _______ COCCCC SB tank n 165 text component general__ _ o 114 2004 protect___ 114 throttle valve___ 176 Timer Switch digital 200 toolbar display hide 136 of FluidSIM S YO topic description __ ON Two pressure valve gt 174 U undo G4 ungroup Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 295 Index 296 components objects units see quantity Up Down Counter digital value range exceeded valve configurable editor valve solenoid American standard valves configurable directional flow control pressure shutoff way valves video see educational film warning message way valve configurable Wechselventil window arrange not available print contents Wiping Relay digital 56 56 201 274 167 168 34 52 203 203 167 168 176 174 173 167 272 167 168 174 163 276 120 199 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index X XOR digital ___ gt 195 Z zoom circuit diagram ____WJ_ 4 component library ___EOOSSSSSSSSSSS YF time distance diagram _______sSsSSS CSC S w
84. ce measurements can be subject to large fluctuations The reasons for differences range from component tolerances to oil temperature The calculation of variables forms the basis for an exact real time proportional animation of the cylinder Real time proportionality guarantees the following property If in reality a cylinder moves twice as fast as another one the relationship between these two components is shown in the animation In other words the real time relationship remains unaltered Manually operated valves and switches found in the circuit diagram can be switched by clicking on them with the mouse Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Move the mouse cursor to the left switch The mouse cursor becomes a hand with index finger and indicates that the switch may be flipped Click on the switch When you click on a manually operated switch its real behavior is simulated In this example the clicked switch becomes closed and recalculation begins automatically Following the calculation the new pressure and flow values are indicated and the cylinders retract The switching of a component is only possible when a simulation is running or when a simulation has been set to pause M In the event that you would like to simulate another circuit diagram it is not necessary to close the open one FluidSIM allows you to have several cir
85. ch Pump unit Delay relay Relays counter Shut off valve One way flow control valve Throttle valve Adjustable parameter Opening pressure Nominal pressure Name force max stroke piston position piston area piston ring area Gas pre charge pressure nominal pressure at flow Nominal flow Length Nominal pressure Nominal pressure at flow Switching pressure Operating pressure flow Delay time Counting pulses Opening level Opening level Opening level The dialog box for setting these parameters can be opened witha double click or Edit Properties 76 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 11 By clicking Simulation or Sound under the Options menu parameters Settings for Simulation and options can be set for simulation By clicking under a dialog box appears with parameters for simulation Simulation Parameters Options Simulation i Line Colors 1 Simulation Speed Pressureless Show matian Factor 1 fi Under pressure T Piston Movement f Keep Real Time f Smooth Under current Digital Lo Label designation Digital Hi Display uppercase and lowercase O Distinguish between uppercase and lowercase gt Digital Technique Compatibility with Siemens LOGO Satt i Set open digital inputs of AND MAND and NOT to Hi automatically iw Show warni
86. ch a IY Relay W Valve Buzzer Cancel Hep Description of the dialog box Enable Sound An acoustic signal can be activated or deactivated for each of the following four component types switch relay valve and buzzer If there is no sound hardware the settings can be set but not applied Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 79 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 12 FluidSIM can exchange data with other applications thus it may coupled OPC and DDE with programmable logic controllers SPS for instance Prerequisite communication with Other for such a coupling is the ability of the partner application to provide Applications an OPC interface and to act as a so called DDE client respectively From within a FluidSIM circuit the DDE coupling is realized by means of two electrical DDE components each of which providing eight inputs and outputs respectively Further information and examples regarding the DDE communication can be found on the FluidSIM CD in the DDE directory Firstly enable the option Use OPC in the OPC DDE Connection Drag an input or output component from the component library and open the property dialog box by double clicking the component or by clicking on Edit Properties The following dialog box opens FluidSiM Output Port OPC Server FestoDidactic E20PC 1 Browse
87. ch you can change the line type from the standard line type Main Line to the special line type Control Line Note that aside from a different appearance changing line type has no impact respecting simulation If a fluidic connection is selected a dialog box will appear containing input fields for the selected connection The input fields define which of the quantities are to be displayed and in the case of a hydraulic connection if the connection is fitted with a blind plug or a muffler Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 3 Execute Check Superficially F6 W Checks the current circuit diagram for mistakes in drawing Stop F5 m Switches the current circuit diagram in the Edit Mode Start Fo Starts the simulation or as the case may be animation in the current circuit diagram Pause F8 au Pauses the current circuit diagram during simulation without leaving the Simulation Mode The simulation can then be re animated from this point and continue as if it had not been halted If Pause Jis clicked while being in the Edit Mode the circuit diagram switches to the Simulation Mode without starting the simulation In this manner the components states can be set before the simulation is started Reset Cd Sets an already running or paused simulation back to the initial state The simulation is immediately restarted Single Step Sd Stops the simulation
88. ched the time scale changes back to 0 25 seconds The piston rod now travels under load just as fast as previously without load Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 251 C Didactics Material Survey Hydraulic Cylinders and RE awww IN the case of a single acting cylinder only the Motors i W piston side is pressurized with hydraulic fluid per The cylinder can thus carry out work only in one direction The fluid which flows into the piston chamber causes a pressure to build up the surface of the piston The piston travels into its forward end position The return stroke is effected by a spring the dead weight of the piston rod or an external load In the case of plunger cylinders the piston and rod form a single component Due to the design of the cylinder the return stroke can only be effected by external forces The cylinders can therefore generally be installed only vertically In the case of double acting cylinders both piston surfaces can be pressurized A working movement i Hage He HE H 1 nnna can thus be performed in both directions t With double acting cylinders with a single sided piston rod different forces and speeds are obtained on the advance and return strokes due to the difference in area between the piston surface and annular piston surface Cylinder with end position cushioning are used to ee brake high stroke speeds smoothly and prevent Bie a hard impacts at
89. ching characteristics of a valve are governed by among other things its piston overlap A distinction is made between positive negative and zero overlap In the case of positive overlap the port in question is completely covered by the piston while with negative overlap it is less than completely covered In the case of zero overlap the distances between the control edges of the piston and of the port are exactly the same t The individual control edges of the pilot piston can have different overlaps Negative switching overlap In the case of negative overlap flow from A to T is not quite closed when the inlet P is opened This means that the pressure at port A rises slowly and the piston starts gently roe SE 3 M L t In manufacturers data sheets overlap posi oe tions are shown within dotted lines between the switching positions or the overlap positions are shown in color or with a patterned background 47 2 In the case of positive overlap the left hand piston E m does not open the passage from P to A until the tank has been completely isolated by the other piston Pressure is immediately fed to the load device cylinder or hydraulic motor with the result that this starts abruptly The control edges of the pistons are often either sharp chamfered or notched The profiling of the control edges means that the throttling action of the flow when switching is gradual rather than abrupt ES See also the ex
90. chosen under Options Grid Layers Opens a dialog box for renaming and activating the FluidSIM drawing layers For drawing object that cannot be simulated such as texts DXF imports rectangles circles state diagrams or parts lists up to eight drawing layers are provided The FluidSIM components that can be simulated live always on the drawing layer number one Large Mouse Cursor M Activates or deactivates the large mouse cursor Toolbar Displays or hides the toolbar Status Bar Displays or hides the status bar 160 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 9 Options Simulation Opens a dialog box with settings for the simulation Here parameters such as the maximum recording time the slow motion factor and the To O lt fas oO Q i p 3 oO OPC DDE Connection Brings up a dialog box with OPC and DDE options respectively These settings relate the communication behavior when coupling FluidSIM ound n D fo or a gt fed O sok fed O gt Wn Opens a dialog box in which the acoustic signal is switched on for the following component types switch relay valve and buzzer Didactics Opens a dialog box with settings for the didactics These settings include factors that apply to animation speed and repeat mode ep z an Opens a dialog box allowing you to activate the background
91. component and place it onto the drawing area The state diagram records the state quantities of important components and depicts them graphically Move the state diagram to a free place in the drawing Drag the cylinder and drop it onto the state diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 43 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits C Fluids IMicthnoname ct Component Description 012345678 910 Double acting cylinder 42 way hand leyer valve Note that several state diagrams can be used in the same circuit however several components may also share the same state diagram A component is added by simply dropping it onto the state diagram If a component is dropped a second time on the diagram it will be removed from there State quantities of the following components can be recorded and displayed in the state diagram 44 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Component State Cylinder Position Way valve Position Manometer Pressure Flow meter Flow Pressure or switching valve State Switch State The example is now finished Further editing and simulation concepts are described in the next chapter Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 45 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 1 Additional Editing Functions Setting the Paper Size 46
92. connection A dialog box appears in which you can either set or remove a blind plug for the selected connection Another way to go about changing blind plugs is to select the desired connection and then click under Properties which will open the desired dialog box Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 53 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Zoom Features 54 Hydraulic connections that are fitted with a blind plug are indicated clearly with a crossbar The content of windows can be enlarged by clicking on QJ or or reduced by using QJ or View Zoom Out The short cut keys for this function are espectively If your mouse device is equipped with a mouse wheel you can roll the wheel while holding down key to zoom in and out respectively If you click on GJ or Zoom by Rubber Band and then draw a rectangle with the rubber band the selected area will be shown enlarged You can also switch between the current and previous view of a window by clicking on or View Previous View J or fits the entire circuit to the window QJ or Standard Size Shows the circuit diagram without enlargement or reduction Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Background Grid By clicking on E the background grid is shown By clicking under Options Grid a dialog box appears that allows
93. cs diagrams the software also allows you to design electrical circuits The Electrics and Mechanics components for the electrical circuits can be found in the component library and dragged from there to be inserted on the drawing area Electrical components are connected in the same way that fluidic components are 66 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following illustration shows a small example Create this circuit diagram on your computer Start the simulation and observe that the indicator light is illuminated There are also electrical components that link electrical circuits with hydraulic circuits These linking components include switches that are hydraulically operated and solenoids that control directional valves Electrical circuits are drawn independently of hydraulic circuits Therefore there needs to be a way to create definite links between electrical components such as a control solenoid and hydraulic components such as a directional valve So called labels bridge the difference and link both circuit diagrams together Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 67 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 68 A label has a specific name and can be assigned to a component If two components have the same label name they are linked together although no apparent line is visible be
94. cs that the simulation of circuits is a demanding problem Therefore when using a lower performance computer the editing of new circuit diagrams often appears jerky when simulations of other circuits are simultaneously running in the background So that working in the Edit Mode goes more smoothly all simulations performed in the background should be stopped Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 57 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 3 Linking Components Automatically Insertion of T connections 4 4 Current Path Numbering and Switching Elements Table 58 In order to make circuit design efficient FluidSIM provides more functions to facilitate component linking FluidSIM automatically inserts a T connection when a line is drawn from a component connection to an already existing line This functionality applies to hydraulic as well as electrical lines The automatic generation of current paths simplifies the identification of switches and relays when constructing electrical circuits Along with the generated switching element tables FluidSIM makes it easy to understand which switches are controlled by which relays To make the automatic labeling feature a satisfactorily working concept the following points should be obeyed e The 24V current path should form the top horizontal line e The OV current path should form the bottom horizontal line e The electric make bre
95. ctic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 61 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 6 The state diagram records the state quantities of important components Displaying State and depicts them graphically Diagrams Note that several state diagrams can be used in the same circuit however several components may also share the same state diagram A component is added by simply dropping it onto the state diagram Ifa component is dropped a second time on the diagram it will be removed from there Being in Edit Mode click on Edit Properties The following dialog box opens State Diagram Display Interval Start O Sec End 1000 Sec M Adjust automatically Log File File Path Increment 1s 110s 17100 1 1000 Record state changes only Color T Fill area a Layer 1 ka Cancel Help 62 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Description of the dialog box e Display Interval Defines start and end point in time for state value recording These boundaries must not be known prior to a simulation but can be set afterwards since FluidSIM records always all state values during the entire simulation period If the Adjust automatically option is enabled boundaries of the time interval are ignored The timeline is scaled such that the entire simulation time is always d
96. ction at the digital input If there is an analog signal of more than 10V at this connection the digital input is set to Hi As an alternative you can click on the digital input with the left mouse button in order to set it to Hi Another click resets the value to Lo Constants and Connectors Digital output Digital outputs are designated with an Q The output connects a digital signal through from its input to its output In FluidSIM digital components can be used inside and outside a digital module If a digital output is used inside a digital module you can determine the output connector of the digital module in question with which the digital output shall be linked by allocating a number Q0 to Q7 If the status of the digital output is Hi a potential of 24V is set at the corresponding output connector of the digital module If a digital output is used outside a digital module there is an additional analog electrical connection at the digital output If the status of the digital output is Hi a potential of 24 V is set a this connection 192 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Memory bits Memory bits are designated with a M Memory bits are virtual outputs with a value at their output analog to that at their input When the simulation start is activated you can define by using the property dialog box if the outp
97. cuits are used not only as synchronization circuits but also as rapid traverse circuits when for example different speeds are required in the same direction with constant pump delivery If it is desired to calculate forces and piston speeds using concrete values the model values given in the TP 501 textbook can be used for this purpose Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Drilling machine pressure regulator knnen Problem The drill feed and clamping device of a pH drilling machine are hydraulically actuated The hydraulic control system contains two cylinders He L a clamping cylinder 1A and a feed cylinder 2A to The clamping pressure at cylinder 1A must be EEE adjustable since different workpiece clamping forces are required A pressure regulator is used for this The return stroke of the clamping cylinder must be at maximum speed The drilling feed must be adjustable for various feed speeds which must however remain constant under __ varying load It should also be noted that the drive spindle fitted to the piston rod of the drilling cylinder acts as a tractive load The return stroke of the drilling cylinder should also be at maximum speed A circuit should be drafted with the above mentioned characteristics Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 267 C Didactics Material Survey continued Exercise
98. cuits open at one time Furthermore FluidSIM is able to simulate multiple circuits simultaneously Click on W or Execute Stop to switch the current circuit from Simulation Mode to Edit Mode By switching a circuit from Simulation Mode to Edit Mode all compo nents will automatically be set back to their normal status In partic ular switches are set to their original position valves switch to their normal position cylinder pistons are set to their previous position and all values calculated are deleted By clicking on M alternative or F Edit Mode to Simulation Mode without starting the simulation This you can switch from feature is useful if components shall be set before the simulation is started Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 27 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 3 2 The Different Simulation Modes Reset and Restart of the Simulation Single Step Mode Simulation to a State Change 28 In addition to the functions of the preceding section J m there exist also the following additional functions W reset and restart of the simulation i simulation in single step mode simulation to a certain point where a state change happens By clicking on W or under Execute Reset an already running simulation or paused simulation can be reset Immediately following this the simulation will be restarted During single step mode t
99. d into an electrical or visual indication by electrical contacts 38 Watercooler S wees With this design of cooler hydraulic fluid is fed r through tubes over which coolant water flows The heat which is discharged can be re used The operating temperature in hydraulic installations should not exceed 50 60 C since this would cause an unacceptable reduction in viscosity leading to premature aging of the fluid In comparison with air cooling operating costs a higher due to the required coolant and the susceptibility to corrosion Temperature difference of up to approx 35 C can be handled Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 221 C Didactics Material Survey 39 Air cooler Hydraulic fluid from the return line flows through a coiled pipe which is cooled by a fan The advantages here are simplicity of installation and low operating costs The noise of the fan may be a nuisance see also topic 38 Heaters are often required to ensure that the optimum operating temperature is reached quickly Heating elements or flow preheaters are used for heating and pre heating hydraulic fluid t f the viscosity is to high the resulting increase in friction and cavitation leads to greater wear The illustration shows the detailed circuit symbol for a hydraulic power unit Since this is an combination unit a dot dash line is placed around the symbols representing the individual
100. dSIM C Didactics Material Survey 57 1 The example shows a circuit with a pressure relief oD valve used as a pressure sequence valve The pressure at the pilot piston of the PRV rises via the pressure regulator The PRV opens and the high pressure pump delivers directly to the tank As soon as the 2 2 way valve opens the pressure drops The pressure relief valve closes and the high pressure pump is connected to the system This illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the cut away view of the sequence valve replaced by the appropriate circuit symbol Actual photograph of a PRV Fa Hydronorma C This illustration can be used if no actual component is available sss This valve is normally open The outlet pressure chy A acts via a pilot line on the left hand surface of the pilot piston against an adjustable spring force tS Pressure regulators reduce the inlet pressure to an adjustable outlet pressure It is appropriate to use these in hydraulic installations only if different pressures are required Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 229 C Didactics Material Survey 59 2 2 way pressure regulator 2 When the pressure rises at outlet A the force at he the left hand surface of the pilot piston becomes greater the piston is displaced to the right and the throttle gap becomes narrower This causes a pressure drop In the case of sl
101. der the menu It is also possible to open files via the Explorer There are two possible ways to go about doing this 1 You can connect files with FluidSIM that have the same extension for example ct By double clicking on a file with this extension it will be opened by FluidSIM If FluidS IM is not running at this time it will be started by the File Manager 2 Select the files that are to be opened in the usual way in the Explorer Here the window of the Explorer with the selected files should either appear next to an open FluidSIM window or next to the FluidSIM program icon on the desktop You can open the files by dragging them over FluidSIM Besides the possibilities listed above for opening FluidSIM files you can also open files by entering an appropriate command line Once in the Start menu click on and enter the file name after the program name Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips Reorganization of the Internal Memory Changing the Sound Files File Operations via Preview Windows Creating Presentation Files While working with FluidSIM particular information is cached in the memory for performance purposes In some cases it is desirable to free up memory or to force a window refresh By pressing the _ ESC key FluidSIM reorganizes its memory removes the cached data rebuilds the internal data structures and refreshes all windows If the topmost window is a ci
102. dered circuit diagram specific Save Settings on Exit Defines as to whether or not the current global and window specific settings should be saved upon quitting FluidSIM 162 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 10 Cascade Shift F5 Window Arranges the circuit diagram windows in an overlapping format Tile Horizontally Arranges the circuit diagram windows next to each other Tile Vertically Shift F4 Arrange Icons gt gt x ret rt 5 5 oq oq D D N N tr or gt gt oO D 5 3 a gt c T a 3 va 5 a a 5 ro s e oe 5 ro 5 m s o D D U ro A Oo O O o fed a gt ro rpe gt D lt Window list Opens a dialog box with all currently opened windows The windows can be activated minimized or closed by clicking the appropriate buttons A 11 Contents F1 Opens a help window pertaining to a list of contents from the FluidSIM online help How to Use Help w D C2 a Z g D nn i a gt D D a jab o D Zc Wn D Q Addendum to the User Manual Opens a help window pertaining to the additions to the handbook for FluidSIM Note that this menu entry must not be available About FluidSIM Opens the Program Information box about FluidSIM Among others the FluidSIM version number and the number off the license connector looked up Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Sy
103. e Presentation files have the extension shw and are located in the subdirectory shw under the 1_sim_h directory The structure of a presentation file is described more thoroughly in section 7 2 5 4 FluidSIM 3 contains an additional large set of presentations written Extended Presentations in in the Microsoft PowerPoint Format To use these presentations the Microsoft PowerPoint PowerPoint must not be installed on your PC since FluidSIM installs Format the necessary viewer at its installation time 102 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on to open the dialog box of a presentation Presentation PowerPoint file 00 Demonstration Animation 1 Overview 10 Basics 20 Purp Menu 21 Hydraulic Pump Overview 22 Fixed and Variable Pumpe 23 Yane Pumps 24 Piston Pumps 25 Pump Selection Factors 26 Purp Installation 30 Industral Controls 40 Proportional Valves 41 Proportional Valves Basic Principles 4 Proportional Valves Basic Principles with Notes 4 Proportional Products 4 Proportional Products with Motes W Preview Cancel Help Select the item Actuators to open the related presentation in full screen mode Most of the topics form a picture sequence which can be viewed ina single step manner using the left mouse button or the spacebar Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e Fluid
104. e an encapsulating of additional digital modules inside a module is not possible However you can use several digital modules in one electrohydraulic circuit Please note that the digital circuit inside a digital module only works correctly if corresponding potentials are set at the electrical power supply units of the module 24 V and 0 V 196 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library On delay An output with on delay is not switched on untila specified time has expired When the status of input Trg changes from Lo to Hi the on delay time starts If the status of input Trg is Hi at least for the duration of the configured time the output Q is set to Hi on expiration of this time The output follows the input with on delay The time is reset when the status of the input changes again to Lo before the time has expired The output is reset to Lo when the status at the input is Lo Adjustable parameters On delay time 0 100s 3s Off delay The output is not reset until a configured time has expired When the input status turns to Hi the output Q is switched instantaneously to Hi If the status at input Trg changes from Hi to Lo the off delay Starts After expiration of the configured time the output is reset to Lo off delay Whe
105. e closes again In simple terms the pilot pressure is generated by the input pressure The flow direction is indicated by the arrow The pressure drop that is caused by a pressure relief valve that opens depends on its nominal pressure respecting some definite flow Thus for a precise behavior specification of a pressure relief valve both its nominal pressure and a flow must be specified Together these values denote a definite characteristic curve of the valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 350 bar 50 bar at flow 0 16l min 2l min Shutoff counteracting valve If the opening pressure is reached at the control line connection the valve opens from P to T Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 350 bar 50 bar 3 way pressure reducing valve The pressure reducing valve maintains a constant output pressure despite fluctuating input pressure The output pressure can only be lower than the input pressure Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 350 bar 10 bar Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 175 B The Component Library Pressure Switches Analog pressure sensor The pressure switch takes the pressure and actuates the associated electrical pressure switch if the preset switching pressure is exceeded Adjustable parameters Switching pressure 0 001 350 bar 30 bar Flow Control Valves Throttle valve The setting of the throttle valve is set by means
106. e menu The text entered in the description field will be displayed in the status line of the main window while the project is open Project Description User Client Cancel Help To add a new symbol a library or a circuit file to a project open or activate the appropriate window then click in the menu Depending on whether the window is a circuit file or a preview window it is automatically added to Files Overviews and respectively To remove a symbol a library or a circuit file from a project open or activate the appropriate window Then click Delete Current Window in the menu To open the files and previews overviews of a project go to the menu and click Files Overviews Or Presentations whatever is appropriate Alternatively you may open the files by selecting Open from the file menu or by selecting them from the list of files that were last opened by selecting them from preview windows or by using Drag and Drop in the File Manager or Windows Explorer Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 135 6 Special Functions 6 10 FluidSIM distinguishes between three types of settings global settings Saving Settings circuit diagram specific settings and window specific settings Although most of these settings have already been in discussed in preceding sections this section comprises the possible settings from FluidSIM and their relationship to
107. e opposite is true when inlet Ag is pressurized The model circuit diagram shows a delockable double non return valve used in conjunction with a 4 3 way valve to allow the vertical positioning of a load In the mid position of the final control element shown ports A and B are connected to the tank This means that the inlets A and A2 of the double non return valve are pressure less and both cylinder supply lines are closed sax The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the delockable double non return valve as a circuit symbol Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 247 C Didactics Material Survey C 10 Needle restrictor Flow Valves M Throttle and orifice valves are used to achieve a certain pressure drop This is done by creating a specific flow resistance The needle flow control valve shown generates considerable friction due to its long narrowing This means that the action of the flow control valve is difficult to adjust due to the fact that a small adjustment produces a large change in cross section One advantage is the simple and inexpensive design Needle flow control valves can be used if the above mentioned negative properties can be ignored for the purposes of a given control task 91 Gap restrictor with helix Its short narrowing means that the action of this gap flow control valve is virtually independent of viscosity The helix prov
108. e the specified time has expired also the output follows immediately with a with a Hi to Lo transition Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 3s Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 199 B The Component Library Edge triggered Wiping Relay An input signal generates a signal of specified length at the output retriggering The output status is switched to Hi after the input Trg is set to Hi The configured time is started at the same time After expiration of the configured time the output Q status is reset to Lo pulse output If the input status changes again from Lo to Hi retriggering before the specified time has expired the time is reset and the output remains switched on Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 3s Timer Switch With the timer switch you can create timer switches referring to days weeks and years Upon reach of the specified on transition time the output Q of the timer switch is set to Hi and upon reach of the specified off transition time to Lo If you have chosen the option repeat all the on and off transition is repeated each time according to the specified repetition time Adjustable parameters On time 0 1000s 10s Off time 0 1 1000s 30s Repeat every 0 1 1000s 60s 200 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library U
109. ect the previously saved project settings are used as default The project menu realizes a quick access of all files that belong to a particular project Before a new project is created some preparatory actions to facilitate project management and to save several process steps at a later stage must be undertaken Open all files to be added to the new project This may include for example preview windows for often used symbols libraries as well as circuit files All files that are open when creating a new project will be automatically added to the project Select and enter a file name for the new project Project files have the extension prj and should for best results reside in the same ct subdirectory as the circuit files of the project After having entered the file name in the dialog box the system creates the project file with all open files Close all windows which you don t need right now and arrange the remaining windows according to your preferences Any closed windows that belong to the project can be opened at any time by clicking or in the project menu Save the settings and the window arrangement as default for this project by clicking Save Settings Now Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Entering Project Properties Adding Files to a Project Removing Files from a Project Opening Project Files To enter project data select from th
110. ed to provide control and regulate the flow rate pressure and direction of the hydraulic fluid This drive section consists of cylinders or hydraulic motors depending on the application in question 4 3 Block diagram of a control system In analyzing and planning an actual control task it can be helpful to use a differentiated block diagram showing the actual levels to be found on the machine The light arrows show the signal flow while the solid dark arrows show the energy flow Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 207 C Didactics Material Survey PB Interaction of components The animations show the sequences in a basic hydraulic circuit in simplified form the actuation and spring return of the final control element 4 2 way valve the advance and return of the drive component double acting cylinder and the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve The representations of the actuator and final control element are based on the relevant circuit symbols This can be used as a preparation for the introduction of circuit symbols First of all the control chain is numbered sequentially according to the principle The first actuator is given the supplementary number O and the associated final control element the supplementary number 1 The remaining elements get even numbers if they influence the advance stroke and uneven numbers if they influence the return stroke
111. el appears beneath the distance rule Y1 As a consequence the cylinder will activate the switch or the valve labeled Y1 if its piston has traveled by 35 mm To define a label in the electrical circuit double click on the respective component to define a label at a mechanical actuator of a valve double click the respective connection of the valve By using relays more than one switch can be actuated simultaneously It is therefore necessary to couple the relay with the appropriate switches Thus in FluidSIM also relays possess labels which can be used to couple relays and switches in the previously described way By double clicking on a relay the dialog box for a label name appears The following illustration shows an electrical circuit in which a relay operates two break switches and two make switches at the same time K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 Besides simple relays relays with switch on delay relays with switch off delay and relay counter exist These relays are used when the linked switch should be actuated after a preset time interval or a number of pulses received By double clicking on these relays a dialog box appears where the appropriate values can be entered Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Coupling Mechanical Switches Automatic Switch Altering To mechanically couple mechanical manually operated switches in Flu
112. es mes ct Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Words In this field one or more search items can be entered in order to find a particular component The order of the search items does not play a role they are combined by a logical AND Also note that partial matches are allowed l e if you are unsure respecting the correct spelling of a component name simply partion this name into several comma separated search strings Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 131 6 Special Functions e Similarity Determines the accuracy of the match between Exact and Fuzzy This setting can be used to allow a tolerance respecting different spelling variants or typing errors e Results Contains a list of component descriptions which contain the provided search strings This list is ordered with respect to the accuracy of the match By double clicking onto a line in the list the dialog box is closed and the related component is inserted in the circuit diagram The selection marker in the list can be moved by simply clicking the mouse but also by using the arrow keys Note that the selection marker does not follow the scroll bars e Preview If the preview option is enabled the component symbol of the selected entry is shown below the list Recall that a component can also be searched by navigating along the hierarchical menu structure 132 Festo
113. es to a switch on delayed changeover switch in the circuit diagram Delay Switches Break switch switch on delayed Switch with delayed opening after pickup Switch on delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch on delayed Switch with delayed closing after pickup Switch on delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Changeover switch switch on delayed Changeover switch with delayed changeover after pickup Switch on delayed changeover switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Break switch switch off delayed Switch with delayed closing after dropout Switch off delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch off delayed Switch with delayed opening after dropout Switch off delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 181 B The Component Library Changeover switch switch off delayed Changeover switch with delayed changeover after dropout Switch off delayed changeover switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Limit Switches Limit switch break Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed t
114. eturn line to the tank has the advantage that the filter is thus easy to maintain A disadvantage however is that contamination is removed from the hydraulic fluid only after it has passed through the hydraulic components This configuration is often used With this configuration the pump is protected from contamination The filter is on the other hand less easily accessible t f these filters have a too fine mesh suction problems and cavitation effects may occur Additional coarse filters upstream of the pump are recommended 220 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 36 Circuit diagram Pressure line filter Pressure filters can be installed selectively upstream of valves which are sensitive to contamination this also enables smaller mesh sizes to be used tS A pressure resistant housing is required which makes this configuration more expensive Circuit diagram Contamination indicator It is important that the effectiveness of a filter can be checked by a contamination indicator The contamination of a filter is measured by the pressure drop as the contamination increases the pressure upstream of the filter increases The pressure acts on a Spring loaded piston As the pressure increases the piston is pushed against a Spring There are a number of different display methods Either the piston movement is directly visible or it is converte
115. expiration of this time As soon as the Status at the input Trg changes from Lo to Hi the specified time starts After expiration on the configured time the output Q is set to Hi Further switching actions at input Trg have no influence on the running time The output and the time are only reset to Lo when the status at input R is Hi Adjustable parameters On delay time 0 100s 3s 198 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Latching Relay Input S sets output Q Another input R resets the output Q A latching relay is a simple logic memory The output value depends on the input states and on the previous output status Pulse Relay A short one shot at the input is used to set and reset the output Output Q status is toggled at every Lo to Hi transition of the status at input Trg that is the output is switched on or off Use input R to reset the pulse relay to initial state that is the output is set to Lo Wiping Relay Pulse Output An input signal generates a signal of specified length at the output The output status is switched to Hi after the input Trg is set to Hi The configured time is started at the same time and the output remains set After expiration of the configured time the output is reset to the status Lo pulse output If the input status changes from Hi to Lo befor
116. ext that has been entered here is shown as a menu entry in the menu The text can be modified anytime by opening the library and clicking on Library Rename In FluidSIM several alternative concepts exist to insert a component into a circuit diagram One concept is Drag and Drop which has been used in the preceding examples Alternatively components can be selected through the menu either by navigating along the hierarchical menu structure or by entering one or more search strings While mousing a component description in the menu the related symbol is shown either in the preview window of the search dialog or in the upper left corner of the FluidSIM main window Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Open a new circuit window select the menu item insert Find Component Jand enter one or more search strings e g valve hand Find component Words separated by a comma or by a blank valve hand Similarity Exact 32 may hand lever valve 4 2 way hand lever valve I 4 2 way hand lever valve Il 4 o way hand lever valve with bypass position i 4 way hand lever valve with bypass position ii 4 o way hand lever valve with floating position i 4 o way hand lever valve with floating position ii 4 o way hand lever valve with shutoff position fi 4o way hand lever valve with shutoff position i jf Preview co Fluid SIM eyrnhydMValv
117. f position ii In normal position all connections are closed When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to crossover or parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with floating position i In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to parallel or crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with floating position ii In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to crossover or parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 172 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library 4 3 way solenoid valve with bypass pos
118. force F is applied to an area A of a liquid a pressure p results If as in this case the pressure acts on a larger surface Ag then a larger counter force F must be maintained If Az is three times as large as A1 then F will also be three times as large as F3 t Hydraulic power transmission is comparable to the mechanical law of levers Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 215 C Didactics Material Survey Displacement transmission 1 If the input piston of the hydraulic press travels a distance s a volume of fluid will be displaced This same volume displaces the output piston by the distance sz If the area of this piston is larger than that of the input piston the distance s will be shorter than s t Hydraulic displacement transmission is comparable to the mechanical law of levers The fluid pressure p exerts a force F onthe surface A which is transferred via the piston rod to the small piston The force F thus acts on the Surface Az and produces the fluid pressure p2 Since the piston area Az is smaller than the piston area A the pressure po must be larger than the pressure p t The pressure transfer pressure intensification effect is put to practical use in pneumatic hydraulic pressure intensifiers and also in purely hydraulic systems when extremely high pressures are required which a pump cannot deliver 216 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Sys
119. fully extends a new situation arises This situation is recognized by FluidSIM and is recalculated The pressure relief valve opens and the distribution of pressure is shown C FluidSIMicthnoname ct FluidSIM not only animates manually operated components during changeover but nearly all components with multiple states The following figure shows a pressure relief valve in closed and open position ea 1 42 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Recall that in the Simulation Mode manually operated valves and switches can be switched with a mouse click Move the mouse cursor over the left hand side of the valve The mouse cursor becomes a hand with an extended index finger and indicates that the valve can be switched Click on the left side of the valve and hold the mouse button down When you click on a valve the real behavior of the valve is simulated In our example the valve is switched to crossover position and a recalculation is initiated automatically As a result the pressure relief valve closes and the cylinder retracts As soon as the cylinder reaches its left stop the pressure relief valve opens again Components whose switching status is not locked remain activated as long as the mouse button is held down Stop the simulation which also brings you to Edit Mode Select from the component library the state diagram
120. g Principle in the menu For several components their sectional view can be animated In the same way that a topics list is opened for the hydraulics basics a dialog box containing a list of topics is opened when clicking on Working Principle Working Principle 32 Externally toothed gear pump 33 Internally toothed gear pump 33a Internally toothed gear pump Animation 50 1 Pressure relief valve 1 50 2 Pressure relief valve 2 55 PRY internally controlled cushioned 56 1 PRY externally controlled 7 56 2 PRY externally controlled 2 53 1 2 way pressure regulator 1 59 2 2 way pressure regulator 2 53 3 2 way pressure regulator 3 59 4 2 wap pressure regulator 4 59 5 2 way pressure regulator 5 62a 3 way pressure regulator Animation 62 1 S way pressure regulator 1 62 14 S way pressure regulator Animation W Preview Cancel Help Description of the dialog box Topics This field contains a listing of sectional views that refer to the function of single components By double clicking on a line in the list the dialog box disappears and a window with the selected information is opened The highlighted bar in the topics list can be moved by mouse click or by using the arrow keys however the highlighted bar will not respond to any movement of the scrollbars Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning
121. g the computer s RAM Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM D Messages x This version is not registered Please repeat the installation procedure You have tried to start an unlicensed version of FluidSIM Most likely you have changed your system configuration or important system files have become corrupt Attempt to reinstall FluidSIM into the same directory If there is a problem with the re installation you will receive a message on the screen pertaining to the problem Notify Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG of the error or the problem x Out of memory Please save changed circuits and quit FluidSIM While completing an operation for example loading a circuit diagram displaying a component photo rebuilding the desktop an error in the memory occurred FluidSIM could not cancel the operation in a proper manner You are recommended to quit FluidSIM because the program s stability cannot be assured However it is still possible to save changes to circuit diagrams before quitting FluidSIM Xx Fatal error Please save changed circuits and quit FluidSIM A program error has occurred Please save changes to any open circuit diagrams quit FluidSIM and Microsoft Windows and restart The circuit filename ct has not been saved when the last FluidSIM session was terminated improperly Shall this file be recovered FluidSIM has been terminated in an unexpected manner However a backup file was w
122. grid and select its style Point Cross Line and its resolution Coarse Medium Fine Protect Text Components Enables or disables the protection of text components Protected text components can neither be marked nor moved or deleted Create Backup Files Enables or disables the automatic creation of a backup file for circuit diagrams Backup file names have the extension bak The backup files are created when the circuit diagram is saved and are updated each time the circuit diagram is saved Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 161 A FluidSIM Menus Default Directory on Network Defines the default directory for circuit diagrams and presentation files If this option is enabled the default directory for the mentioned files is on the network file server Otherwise the default directory is on the local PC This menu entry is available only in the network version Saves the current global and window specific settings Defines the circuit diagram specific settings of the current circuit diagram as the default settings Global settings pertain to the toolbar and the status bar to the simulation sound didactic and grid options to the creation of backup files as well as quitting FluidSIM Window specific settings pertain to zoom levels window size and window position The quantity display as well as the flow direction indicator and the background grid are consi
123. he graphic information from the circuit diagram to be exported to other CAD systems The file selector box is opened the contents of the selected parts list is saved as a text file When file name has been specified another dialog box opens where a character can be declared as column separator Properties Opens a dialog box where the circuit properties can be defined Drawing Size Opens a dialog box where the paper size can be defined Print Ctrl P S Opens the Print Preview dialog box which allows you to print the current circuit diagram with an optional scaling factor Previously Opened Files Displays a list with the eight previously opened files When selecting one entry of this list the associated file is opened The list is sorted The most recently opened file forms the topmost entry Exit Alt F4 Quits FluidSIM Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 2 Edit Undo Alt Backspace Undoes the last edit step Up to 128 previous editing steps which have been stored can be made undone Withdraws the last action performed by Edit Undo The function can be used up until there are no more undo Steps to be redone Cut Shift Del Cuts the selected components and saves them to the clipboard Copy Ctrl Ins Copies the selected components to the clipboard In this way circuit diagrams and parts of diagrams can be inserted easily as vector graphics
124. he simulation will stop after a small step More exactly by clicking on i or Execute Single Step the simulation will begin for just a short time period approximately 0 01 0 1 seconds in the real system the system then pauses m A running simulation can at any time be set into single step mode It is then possible to focus on key moments during the simulation By clicking on Wi or under Simulate until State Change the simulation begins and runs up until a certain point where a state change happens the simulation then pauses M The following situations describe the point at which the simulation pauses 1 acylinder s piston moves at a stop 2 avalve switches or is operated 3 arelay switches 4 aswitch is operated It is possible to switch from a running simulation into this state change mode Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 3 3 This section contains an introduction to creating and simulating circuit Creating new Circuit diagrams using FluidSIM Diagrams Create an empty drawing area by clicking on D or under to open a new window FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window Oe OS Slo sale 2 Food g QAAAQQ D mm e m Total View Component Library Sele C FluidSiMictinoname ct a PE ump unit si Pump unit Tank jose with qui lt gt Fitter Shuttle valve Two
125. he switch Limit switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Switch with roll break Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed the switch Switches with roll are created by using a general break switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Reed contact break Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed the switch Reed contacts are created by using a general break switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Limit switch make Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label 182 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Switch with roll make Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Switches with roll are created by using a general make switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Reed contact break Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has pas
126. heir value ranges Select the one way flow control valve and click on the menu item Component Description under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 85 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics The following page opens Sa FloidSIM H Help File Edit Bookmark Help Contents Seach Bock Bw lt gt G a ee The setting of the throttle check valve is set by means of a rotary knob A check valve see check valve is located parallel to the throttle valve Please note that by the rotary knob no absolute resistance value can be set This means that in reality different throttle valves can generate different resistance values despite identical settings Adjustable parameters Opening level QO 100 100 wa Related Topic Throttle valve Under the heading Related Topics but also when appropriate in the component description cross references for related instruction material and components are defined By clicking on a cross reference the related page will automatically be displayed Component Photos In FluidSIM most components possess an accompanying photo Select for example a cylinder and click on Component Photo in the menu 86 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Component Illustrations The following photo appears on the screen Double acting cylinder
127. hing Elements Table 58 Displaying Quantity Values __ SE 59 Displaying State Diagrams _____CCG Superficial Circuit Checking ____EESSSSS CSSCSSCSSSCSSC 4 Coupling Hydraulics Electrics and Mechanics _________ 66 Operating Switches__ 7D Adjustable Components ____WWJ __L_P__ 7 Settings for Simulation __ 77 OPC and DDE communication with Other Applications 80 Settings for the OPC DDE communication___C Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 84 Information about Single Components _______W _ 85 Selecting Didactics Material from aList____SSCSCSC lt z OS Presentations Combining Instructional Material__ _ _ _ 98 Extended Presentations in the Microsoft PowerPoint Format _102 Playback of Educational Films____SSSSS SCSSSSSSSSSCSCSCSCSCSC iOSS Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 3 Contents 5 6 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 7 1 7 2 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 Cl Settings for Didactics Special Functions Drawing Layers Graphic Primitives Text Components and Identifications Parts Lists Printing a Window s Contents DXF Export DXF Import Using and Organizing Component Libraries Managing Projects Saving Settings Help and Advanced Tips The Most Frequently Occurring Problems Tips for the Advanced User FluidSIM Menus File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Pro
128. ick on the component Pushbutton make Switch that closes when actuated and opens immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Pushbutton changeover Switch that changes over when actuated and changes back immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Detent switch break Switch that opens and locks when actuated Detent switch make Switch that closes and locks when actuated 184 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Pressure Switches Detent switch changeover Switch that changes over and locks when actuated Pressure switch break Switch that opens when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Pressure switch make The switch closes when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Pressure switch changeover The switch changes over when the p
129. id is now linked to the valve In practice the valve solenoid would not be directly controlled by the switch rather via an intermediate relay This component has been neglected here for the sake of simplicity Start the simulation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 69 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The electrical current as well as the pressure and flow distribution are computed the pressures are shown in color If you want to see the exact values of the quantities at hand you can mark them by clicking under View Quantity Values The marked quantities are displayed next to the components connections Section 4 5 applies here Operate the electrical switch As a result the valve switches and the cylinder s piston extends CriFluidsIMictinoname ct E x l Electrically or hydraulically operated valves can only be switched manually when there is no control signal applied 70 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Aside from a manual or electrical operation valves can be controlled mechanically either through a cylinder piston or a magnet mounted at the piston Such a coupling is realized in the same way an electrical coupling is established By means of labels which are assigned to the cylinder s distance rule and the mechanical valve connection Draw a conf
130. ide valves it is also possible to design the control edges in such way that the opening gap increases only slowly This gives greater control precision When the preset maximum pressure is reached TPA the throttle point closes completely the pressure set on the pressure relief valve is produced at the inlet P 59 eww IN the circuit illustrated the piston rod of the i cylinder is executing an advance stroke The pressure at the outlet A of the pressure regulator is less than the system pressure at P and constant The piston rod of the cylinder is now in its forward end position The pressure at outlet A thus continues to rise and the throttle point closes completely 230 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 60 Circuit diagram 2 way pressure regulator The illustration shows the same circuit as the ri previous illustration but with the 2 way pressure regulator in the form of a circuit symbol It is appropriate to use PRVs only when different pressures are required in an installation The mod of operation of pressure regulator will thus be explained here by taking an example with two control circuits The first control circuit acts via a flow control valve on a hydraulic motor which drives a roller This roller is used to stick together multi layered printed circuit boards The second control circuit acts on a hydraulic cylinder which draws the roller t
131. ides precise adjustability since adjustment from fully open to fully closed requires a 360 turn The helix is however very costly to produce Throttle and orifice valves control the volumetric flow rate in conjunction with a pressure relief valve The PRV opens when the resistance of the flow control valve becomes greater than that of the opening pressure set on the PRV This produces a division of flow The volumetric flow to the load device varies i e the action of flow control valves is load dependent 248 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 93 Flow control valve Actual photograph of a flow control valve Ei t This illustration can be used if no actual component is available swsw The one way flow control valve is a combination ft ofan orifice or throttle valve and a non return valve In the closed direction shown of the non return valve the volumetric flow passes via the variable throttle gap which creates a considerable resistance t Speed reduction can be achieved by using a one way flow control valve in conjunction with a pressure relief valve or a variable delivery pump The pressure rises upstream of the flow control valve until the PRV opens and routes part of the flow to the tank One way flow control valve 2 ssw IN the reverse direction from B to A flow is fr unrestricted since the ball in the one way flow control v
132. igurable valve on the drawing area and furnish it with a mechanical actuator Double click the mechanical actuator A dialog opens where a string for the related label can be entered If the same label is assigned to the cylinder s distance rule the valve will become actuated mechanically if the cylinder piston reaches its predefined position Display Styles for Labels If a label shall be displayed framed similar to the display of component descriptions click onto View Labels The following dialog box opens View Labels Frame Labels W Mechanical Coupling Electrical Coupling Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 71 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 9 Operating Switches Switches at Cylinders 72 In the dialog box for each label of the circuit its style framed or not framed can be defined This section describes how to operate switches by means of cylinders relays pressure or other switches Limit switches proximity switches and mechanically operated valves can be activated by the piston of the cylinder Therefore it is necessary to use a distance rule at the cylinder to position the switches correctly Drag a cylinder and a distance rule dimmu to the drawing area Drag the distance rule near to the cylinder When the distance rule is dropped near the cylinder it automatically snaps in the right position Move the cylinder j
133. ined component library Delete Deletes that user defined component library whose overview window is currently active Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 5 Insert A 6 Didactics A hierarchically organized menu from which an object can be selected and inserted in the current circuit diagram Find Component F3 Opens the dialog for the string based search of components Component Description Opens the page with the technical description for the selected component This page contains the DIN symbol of the component a textual description of the component s function the connection designations and a listing of the adjustable parameters including their value ranges Component Photo Opens a window containing a photo of the selected component In the case that a component cannot exist singularly in a real system FluidSIM displays a photo of the assembly group that this component belongs to There is no photo for components that do not have a counterpart in reality Component Illustration Opens for the selected component either a window containing a sec tional view or a dialog box with a list of topics relating the component s function In the latter case the selection may include sectional views of the component but also illustrations of the component s usage within a circuit diagram For several components their sectional view can be animated like a cartoon
134. ins small examples of circuit diagrams showing how they can be simulated and how new circuit diagrams can be created Chapter 4 introduces advanced concepts of FluidSIM Examples include the linking of hydraulic and electric components the possible settings for simulation and the testing of a circuit diagram Chapter 5 shows additional educational concepts In particular FluidSIM enables a user to pop up a component s technical description to start animations or to play a film with related information Chapter 6 describes special functions of FluidSIM including how to print and export circuit diagrams along with the rearrangement of the component library Chapter 7 deals specifically with help for questions concerning the use of FluidSIM It also includes tips for the advanced user Reference Appendix A contains a complete listing of FluidSIM menus and is intended to be used as a quick reference for all FluidSIM functions Appendix B contains the library of all FluidSIM components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 9 1 Welcome 1 3 Conventions 10 Appendix C contains the component illustrations the animations the exercises and the educational films Appendix D contains a listing of messages that may occur while using FluidSIM along with a brief explanation for each User instructions are indented and marked with the arrow important passages begin with the symbol The symbol
135. ire drawing represents a single object I Ignore ungrouped objects Description of the dialog box e Scale Drawing The scaling factor defines scaling in percent that is applied to DXF file Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 123 6 Special Functions 124 Each group represents an object Enable this option if the DXF file contains several symbols Note that symbol elements that belong together can only be identified as such if they have been grouped within the CAD program in such a way that the outermost group of the symbol occurs in the ENTITIES section This means among others that no two symbols can belong to the same group However different symbols are allowed to share blocks the import filter of FluidSIM creates copies for shared blocks Entire drawing represents a single object If this option is enabled the entire drawing is treated as a single object Ignore ungrouped objects Enable this option if only for the grouped elements objects shall be generated The elements mentioned in section ENTITIES are not considered If this option is disabled FluidSIM comprises all ungrouped elements within a single object Elements that have been imported can be placed on each of the eight drawing layers Moreover they can be equipped with a designation which is displayed in the parts list If you have imported a CAD frame it makes sense to place this frame on
136. is setting defines as to whether or not the animation will automatically repeat itself Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions This chapter develops further concepts and functions of FluidSIM 6 1 Components in FluidSIM that cannot be simulated such as texts DXF Drawing Layers import data rectangles circles state diagrams and parts lists can be assigned to one of eight drawing layers Each layer can be shown or hidden as well as set locked or unlocked These properties are defined under View Layers here also a layer can be given a name Components of FluidSIM that can be simulated are always on layer 1 Description Display Iw Cancel Help e Description The layer name is displayed in the dialog box of an object s properties instead of the layer number e Display If the option Show is disabled the respective drawing layer is invisible and of course can not be edited Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 109 6 Special Functions e Edit If the option Edit is disabled the respective drawing layer is still visible but cannot be edited e the objects that belong to sucha locked layer can neither be selected nor moved or deleted By this concept e g a drawing frame can be protected To edit objects ona locked layer first unlock the layer The identifiers of components and connections in Fl
137. isplayed e Log File The state values be written to a file To enable this option enter the complete path of a file and set a reasonable step width Note that a large amount of data can be written the step width is very small Hence if necessary shorten the simulation interval or increase the step width If the option Record state changes only is enabled FluidSIM lists only values if at least one state variable incurred a state change This option simplifies the detection of interesting simulation points e Color Defines the color of the diagram It is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color e Fill Area Defines whether the entire diagram or only its frame is filled with specified the color e Layer Sets the drawing layer of the diagram It is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on drawing layer the diagram may be invisible or not selectable In such a case the drawing layer must be activated via before the diagram can be modified Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 63 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 7 Superficial Circuit Checking 64 State quantities of the following components can be recorded and displayed in the state diagram Component State Cylinder Position Way valve Position Manometer Pressure Flow meter Fl
138. ith rubber band _ECY Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 297
139. ition i In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to parallel or crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with bypass position ii In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to crossover or parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu Shutoff Valves Shutoff valve The shutoff valve can be manually opened or closed Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 Check valve If the input pressure is at least 1 bar and 5 bar resp higher than the output pressure the check valve opens Otherwise it is shut Adjustable parameters Pre tensioning pressure One of 1 5 bar 1 bar Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 173 B The Component Library Check valve with pilot control If the input pressure is higher than the output pressure the
140. ively A double click ona line in the Available Topics list inserts this line in the Selected Topics list above the highlighted bar In this way a presentation can be created or altered Moreover a user can integrate his own circuit diagrams DXF files BMP and WMF picture files or even multimedia files such as sounds or video clips To do so click on User File A dialog box opens that allows for the selection of the desired data source on the file system e Selected Topics This field contains a list of topics chosen for the current presentation e Insert Clicking on Insert is the same as double clicking a line in the Available Topics list The selected line in Available Topics will be inserted in the Selected Topics list e Delete Clicking on Delete deletes the selected line of the Selected Topics list e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to the selected topic appears underneath the respective list Within both topics lists the highlighted bar can be moved using the arrow keys Maybe it will be necessary to click and select the list you want to work with Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 101 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics After creating a new presentation and closing the dialog box by clicking on OK FluidSIM asks you to name the presentation fil
141. ject View Options Window The Component Library Hydraulic Components Electrical Components Electrical Components American Standard Digital Components Miscellaneous Didactics Material Survey Basics of Hydraulics 107 109 109 110 114 116 120 122 123 126 134 136 139 139 144 149 149 151 153 154 155 155 157 158 161 163 163 164 165 179 188 192 203 205 206 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Contents C2 C3 C 4 cs C 6 G7 C 8 C9 C 10 Ca 12 C13 C 14 CAS C 16 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 Components of a Hydraulic Plant Symbols Some Physical Fundamentals Components of a Power Unit Fundamentals of Valves Pressure Valves Way Valves Shutoff Valves Flow Valves Hydraulic Cylinders and Motors Gauges Exercises Extensions Educational Films Standard Presentations Messages Electrical Errors Drawing Errors Operating Errors Opening and Saving Files System Errors Index Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 207 210 215 219 223 226 234 244 248 252 255 256 269 270 271 272 272 272 274 275 276 278 Contents 6 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 1 Welcome Welcome to FluidSIM Thank you for purchasing the FluidSIM 3 Hydraulics training software This handbook functions both as an introduction to FluidSIM and asa reference manual outlining the possibilities concept
142. ke and allow maximum speed to be achieved during this A parts list can be specified to help in the drafting of this circuit 268 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 14 118a Refreshment break Extensions Announcement ofa short break Describe the objectives of the next session indicating what activities will take place Also review the achievements of the current session Announcement of a longer break Describe the objectives of the next session indicating what activities will take place Also review the achievements of the current session Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 269 C Didactics Material Survey C 15 No Title Length Educational Films Introduction Fundamentals Pressure fluids Fundamentals Pressure and Flow Rate Fundamentals Transmission of Force and Displacement Fundamentals Pressure Transmission Fundamentals Types of Flow Basic Design of Hydraulic Systems The Hydraulic Power Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hydraulic Drives Valves m Valves Directional Control Valves m m m Valves Non Return Valves m N Valves Pressure Control Valves WW Valves Flow Control Valves Ee wm A Representation of Hydraulic Systems in Circuit Diagrams 270 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C
143. ked dragged deleted and rotated in the same way that other components are handled When this setting is activated the text components can neither be marked nor moved or deleted This concept allows the text components to be anchored in the background They are out of the way and cannot interfere with changes or manipulations made to the circuit diagram while in the Edit Mode Drag the text component from the component library to the drawing area Make sure that Protect Text Components is Switched off 114 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Double click on the text component or click under to open the dialog box for entering new text Font Layer 1 kd Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Text In this field the text to be displayed is entered A new line is entered by holding down the Ctrl key while hitting the key e Alignment Activates horizontal text alignment e Font By clicking on Font a Microsoft Windows common dialog box opens which allows you to set the font attributes for the given text e Frame Text Draws a border around the text Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 115 6 Special Functions 6 4 Parts Lists Inserting a Parts List 116 e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the text component The drawing layer is set by clicking on the do
144. l can flow into the piston chamber Vacuum is created and air will escape Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 263 C Didactics Material Survey 264 115 Exercise Feed control for a lathe speed control Problem The feed movement of a lathe has previously been carried out manually In future this is to be performed automatically by a hydraulic control system The feed movement must be adjustable and remain constant even with changing tool loads Since a simple throttle valve is not able to provide a constant feed speed under changing load a 2 way flow control valve must be used On the basis of a circuit diagram with data for the no load situation values for pressures pressure differences and feed speed _ under load must be added The circuit diagram _ must be modified to ensure that the flow control valve is not operative on the return stroke Finally the relationship must be investigated between Q of the PRV and the feed speed and between Ap2 and the volumetric flow to the load device Solution In order to prevent the flow control valve from acting as a resistance on the return stroke a non return valve is installed parallel to this as a by pass The pressure at the PRV remains constant despite the effect of the load The outlet flow from this is therefore a constant 7 l min A constant volumetric flow Q at the PRV in turn means a constant volumetric flow to the load de
145. l for a 3 way pressure regulator Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 233 C Didactics Material Survey C 8 2 2 way valve 1 Way Valves The 2 2 way valve has a working port A a supply H port P and a leakage oil port L In the case of the valve shown here of slide design flow from P to A is closed in the normal position t A relief line leading to the leakage oil port is provided to prevent a build up of pressure in the spring and piston chambers 2 2 way valve 2 The 2 2 way valve is actuated and the passage from P to Ais open 2 2 way valves are also available which are Ct m 1 normally open from P to A 65 1 2 2 way valve as by pass valve This example shows a 2 2 way valve used as a oo by pass valve when the 2 2 way valve is actuated the flow control valve OV3 is by passed causing the piston rod of the cylinder to advance at maximum speed The illustration shows the same circuit as the STH previous illustration but with the functional representation of the 2 2 way valve replaced by a circuit symbol 234 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Circuit diagram 2 2 way valve as final control element In its initial position the cylinder is advanced If the 2 2 way valve OV1 is actuated the entire volumetric flow passes to the tank and piston rod of the cylinder is reset by the external load m If
146. lecting a color Fill Area Defines whether the entire area or only the border of the ellipse is colored Line Style Defines the line style of the ellipse A line style is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a style Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 113 6 Special Functions e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the ellipse The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the ellipse may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible ellipse or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers 6 3 The concept of text components in FluidSIM gives the user a way in Text Components and which to describe components in diagrams assign identification texts Identifications or to provide commentary on the diagram The text and the appearance of text components can be customized to the user s liking Text components function in much the same as other fluidic or electrical components in FluidSIM The dummy text component Text can be found in the component library and it can be dragged onto the drawing area However text components contain no connections As long as the setting Protect Text Components remains switched off the text components can be mar
147. levers and detents The various actuating methods possible are listed in DIN ISO 1219 17 Circuit symbols for mechanical actuation This illustration shows the symbols for stem or push button spring and roller stem 212 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 18 Circuit symbol for pressure valves Pressure valves are represented using squares The flow direction is indicated by an arrow The valve ports can be designated as P supply port and T tank return port or as A and B The position of the arrow within the square indicates whether the valve is normally open or normally closed Adjustable pressure valves are indicated by a diagonal arrow through the spring Pressure valves are divided into pressure relief valves and pressure regulators Circuit symbols for flow control valves A distinction is made in flow control valves between types which are affected by viscosity and those which are unaffected Flow control valves unaffected by viscosity are termed orifices A 2 way flow control valve consists of restrictors one adjustable restrictor which is unaffected by viscosity orifice and a regulating restrictor pressure compensator These valves are represented by a rectangle containing the symbol for the adjustable restrictor and an arrow to represent the pressure compensator The diagonal arrow through the rectangle indicates that the valve is adjust
148. lic pumps are shown by a circle with a part representation of a drive shaft Triangles in the circles show the direction of flow The triangles are shown solid since pressure fluid is used in hydraulics t f the pressure medium is gaseous as in the case of pneumatics the triangles are shown in outline The symbols for hydraulic motors are distin guished from the symbols for hydraulic pumps by the fact that the arrows showing the direction of flow are the other way round 210 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey j aa Circuit symbols for single acting cylinders Single acting cylinders have one port i e pressure fluid can be applied only to the piston side With these cylinders the return stroke is produced either by external force shown in the symbol by an opening bearing cap or by a spring is shown within the symbol in this latter case 12 Circuit symbols for double acting cylinders Double acting cylinders have two ports to allow pressure fluid to be applied to both cylinder chambers The symbol for a differential cylinder is distinguished from the symbol for a double acting cylinder by the two lines added to the end of the piston rod The area ratio is generally 2 1 In the case of cylinders with double ended piston rods the symbol shows that the piston areas are of equal size synchronous cylinders Designations for directional control valves alwa
149. lines thus having a single voltage potential Note that T junctions are introduced automatically by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode Signal Devices Indicator light If current flows the indicator light is displayed in the user defined color Adjustable parameters Color One of 16 standard colors Yellow Buzzer If current flows a flashing ring around the buzzer is shown Moreover if buzzer is activated in the menu under Options Sound the buzzer is activated if a sound hardware is installed General Switches Break switch General break switch that is tailored depending on the type of component that actuates it For example if the break switch is linked via a label to a switch off delay relay the break switch changes to a switch off delay break switch in the circuit diagram Make switch General make switch that is tailored according to the component that actuates it For example if the make switch is linked via a label to a switch on delayed relay the make switch changes to a switch on delayed make switch in the circuit diagram 180 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Changeover switch General changeover switch that is tailored according to the component that actuates it For example if the changeover switch is linked via a label to a switch on delayed relay the changeover switch chang
150. lve see part circuit diagram in topic 67 79 2 Circuit diagram 4 3 way valve with closed mid position The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 4 3 way valve as a circuit symbol The illustration shows the left hand overlap position of a 4 3 way valve with positive overlap in the mid position closed mid position This overlap position is a mixture of positive and negative overlap P is connected to A B and T are closed ES With 4 3 way valves the types of overlap positions is generally specified in the data sheet 242 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 80 2 4 3 way valve overlap positions 2 The illustration shows the right hand overlap position of a 4 3 way valve with positive overlap in the mid position closed mid position This overlap position too is a mixture of positive and negative overlap P is connected to B A and T are closed Actual photograph of a directional control valve with lever actuation Fa Denison t This illustration can be used if no actual component is available This 4 3 way module with hand lever actuation is used in vertical interconnection systems modular hydraulics ES See also the illustration in topic 49 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 243 C Didactics Material Survey C 9 83 1 Non return valve 1 Shutoff
151. lve is reduced by opening the regulating restrictor The model circuit diagram shows the arrangement of a 2 way flow control valve in the piston side supply line in order to achieve a constant feed speed even under varying load A non return valve is fitted in the by pass to allow the flow control valve to be by passed on the return stroke 250 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 96 2 way flow control valve The advancing piston rod encounters a load half way through its stroke The flow control valve nonetheless ensures that the advance speed remains constant From 0 to 2 5 seconds shown at button left the piston rod is unloaded and the pressure conditions remain constant When the piston rod encounters the load the pressure p3 rises at the outlet of the flow control valve In order to allow the rapid control operations to be shown more clearly the time scale now changes to 1 100ths of a second The flow control valve briefly raises the pressure p2 downstream of the adjustable restrictor Following this the regulating restrictor moves to the left and p falls back to its Original value i e the pressure difference between p and p2 remains constant The regulating operation shown is repeated a number of times as the result of which ps increases to 25 bar in several steps and the regulating restrictor opens more and more At the point at which 25 bar is rea
152. ly designed press drives tS A special feature is the elevated reservoir which utilizes the static pressure in the pressure medium On this hydraulic excavator not only all working movements linear drives but also the propulsion of the vehicle rotary drive are hydraulically powered The primary drive of the excavator is an internal combustion engine t A model calculation can be used here to demonstrate an advantage of hydraulics large forces with relatively small components 206 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 2 4 1 Structure of a hydraulic system Components of a bs seriz This simplified block diagram shows the division Hydraulic Plant pomme e of hydraulic systems into a signal control section and a hydraulic power section This signal control section is used to activate the valves in the power control section t The material depicted in these electronic slides is concerned in the main with the hydraulic power section and the three levels of this which are shown Hydraulic power section aw The diagram of the hydraulic power section is pen 7 complemented in this case by a circuit diagram to allow correlation of the various function groups the power supply section contains the hydraulic pump and drive motor and the components for the preparation of the hydraulic fluid The energy control section consists of the various valves us
153. mmediately when current is supplied and drops out after a preset time when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 5s Relay counter The relay picks up after a predefined number of current pulses has been counted between the connections A1 and A2 If a potential is supplied between the connections R1 and R2 the counter is reset to its predefined value In the Simulation Mode the relay counter can also be reset by clicking on it Adjustable parameters Counter 0 9999 5 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 187 B The Component Library OPC DDE Components FluidSIM Output Port HT The FluidSIM output realizes the communication with FluidSIM Out other applications FluidSIM Input Port The FluidSIM input realizes the communication with FluidSIM In ougggddd other applications B 3 Electrical connection OV ladder Electrical Components OV connection of the power supply American Standard Power Supply Electrical connection 24V ladder 24V connection of the power supply 188 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library General Switches Break switch ladder General break switch that is tailored depending on the type of component that actuates it For example if the break switch is linked via a label to a switch off delay relay the break switch changes to a switch off delay break switch in the circ
154. mponents topic 5 x This illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the cut away view of the PRV replaced by the appropriate circuit symbol 226 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey EA Circuit without brake valve One application of pressure relief valves is as brake valves these prevent pressure peaks which may otherwise occur as the result of mass moments of inertia when a directional control valve is suddenly closed The animation shows an incorrect circuit in schematic form in which the working line on the exhaust side has fractured due to the absence of a brake valve t The next animation topic 53 shows the correct circuit This illustration shows the correct circuit for the problem in topic 52 This circuit incorporates not only a brake valve on the piston rod side but also a non return valve on the inlet side via which oil can be taken in from a reservoir during the vacuum phase following the closure of the directional control valve The following animation shows the events which occur in the two working lines The animation 53 1a shows in schematic form the behavior of the PRV during the braking phase while 53 2a shows the behavior of the non return valve NRV in the supply line and 53a shows the two events together in summary The necessity of the brake valve can be demonstrated by the preceding animatio
155. mponents Animation 5 54 Interaction of components Animation 5 64 Interaction of components Animation 5 7a Interaction of components Animation 5 8a Interaction of components Animation 6 1 Action related numbering W Preview Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Topics This field contains a listing of topics pertaining to basic hydraulic knowledge By double clicking on a line in the list the dialog box disappears and a window with the selected information is opened The highlighted bar in the topics list can be moved by mouse click or by using the arrow keys however the highlighted bar will not respond to any movement of the scrollbars 92 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to the selected topic appears underneath the topics list Clicking on OK has the same function as double clicking on a line in the topics list clicking on Cancel closes the dialog box without choosing a topic If the chosen topic is an animation it can be started by clicking on W see section 5 1 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 93 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Working Principles 94 Sectional views that refer to the function of single components can be found under Workin
156. mponents already in the drawing area Drag the cylinder to the bottom right hand corner In order to simplify the creation of circuit diagrams the components automatically snap to grid in the drawing area Try to move the cylinder onto a non permissible area for example outside the window Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 31 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 32 Outside a permissible area the mouse cursor changes to the prohibited sign Q the component cannot be dropped Drag a second cylinder onto the drawing area and notice that the second cylinder is now highlighted Highlight say select the first cylinder by clicking on it Delete the cylinder by clicking on cut or under or by pressing the key The commands in the menu correspond only to the selected components Drag onto the drawing area a configurable 4 n way valve a pump unit and a tank Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 33 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Double click the valve to assign an operation mode to it A dialog box appears Configure Way Yalve Left Actuation Description Right Actuation oe s mn Springreturned D An Wap Valve W Spring returned Piloted Piloted Manually Valve Body Manually Mechanic
157. n shown there is flow from P to B and from A to T F i trde 4 3 way valves are easy to construct as slide valves and of complex design as poppet valves wai The 4 3 way valve is in its mid position there is a flow from P to T while A and B are closed Since the output from the pump flows to the tank this switching position is called pump bypass or also pump recirculation In the case of pump bypass the pump needs to operate only against the resistance of the valve which has a favorable effect on the power balance awww The valve is in its left hand switching position nj there is flow from P to A and from B to T sasaw The circuit shows the 4 3 way valve in functional ANTE representation as a final control element of a double acting cylinder The valve is in its mid position the pump delivery flows via the by pass line within the pilot piston to the tank t The non return valve protects the pump in cases where the piston rod of the cylinder is subject to an external load 240 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Circuit diagram 4 3 way valve with pump bypass The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 4 3 way valve as a circuit symbol The animations show the switching of the 4 3 way valve into the three switching positions and the corresponding cylinder movements During the advance stroke movement can
158. n topic 52 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 227 C Didactics Material Survey 54 Circuit diagram PRV as back pressure valve Back pressure valves counteract mass moments of inertia with tractive loads The illustration shows a circuit with a back pressure valve on the piston rod side On the return stroke the PRV is by passed by an NRV The PRV must be pressure compensated and the tank port must be capable of carrying a pressure load Pressure relief valves often incorporate cushioning pistons or flow control valves The cushioning device shown provides fast opening and slow closing of the valve This prevents damage caused by pressure shocks Smooth valve operation ES Pressure shock arise for example when the pump delivers oilin an almost unpressurized condition and the supply port of the load device is abruptly closed by a directional control valve This pressure relief valve controls the flow in A accordance with an external pressure setting This pressure acts against an adjustable spring force The passage from the supply port P to the tank port T remains closed as long as no load acts on the pilot piston Pressure can be fed to the pilot piston via the pilot o port X As soon as the pressure force at the pilot j piston exceeds the preset spring force the pilot piston is displaced allowing free flow 228 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e Flui
159. n and start Microsoft Windows Insert the CD Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 2 Getting Started Import Online Activation Notes Click in the Start Menu A dialog box opens Enter the following string in the space provided d setup exe Then click OK If your CD ROM drive is configured differently then be sure to use the appropriate letter in place of d After a few seconds the startup screen of the installation program appears Here you can choose whether to install the student version or the full version of FluidSIM When installing the full version please select the appropriate license connector single position systems or network If you got a FluidSIM version for online activation no license connector is necessary but only your individual product ID is required which is printed on the back of the CD cover Note that the student version does neither require a license connector nor a product ID Follow the directions as they appear on the screen If you are unsure how to answer or are unsure of a question simply click Note that with each start of FluidSIM the user name appears Also note that the company s name is stored in the license connector During the activation of FluidSIM several features of your PC and the product ID are used to generate an individual license ID This string is valid for your PC only l e if your PC is substantially modified or if you want
160. n the input Trg is switched on and off again the off delay restarts The input R Reset is used to reset the delay time and the output before the configured time has expired Adjustable parameters Off delay time 0 100s 8s Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 197 B The Component Library On Off delay An output with on off delay is switched on after a specified time and is reset on expiration of a second specified time As soon as the status at input Trg changes from Lo to Hi the configured on delay time starts If the status at input Trg remains Hi at least for the duration of the configured time the output Q is set to Hi on expiration of the on delay time the output follows the input on delayed If the status at input Trg changes again to Lo before the configured on delay time has expired the time is reset When the status at input returns to Lo the configured off delay time starts If the status at the input remains Lo at least for the duration of the configured off delay time the output is set to Lo on expiration of that time the output follows the input off delayed If the status at the input returns to Hi before this time has expired the time is reset Adjustable parameters On delay time 0 100s 3s Off delay time 0 100s 3s Retentive On delay A specified time starts after an input pulse The output is set on
161. nabled each component gets its own row within the parts list The first column of the parts list component then shows a possible existing identification Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions e Sort Lines The lines of a parts list can be sorted in ascending order in descending order by the component description by the component number or by the component designation e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the parts list component The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the parts list compo nent may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible parts list component or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu Layers Exporting Parts Lists Aside from printing a parts list component it can also be exported in the form of a text file Select a parts list component click on Parts list Export A file selector box opens where an existing file can be selected or a new file name can be entered After a file has been specified and the file selector box been closed a dialog box opens where a column separator can be defined Parts List Export Delimiter Tabulator Semicolon i Other Cancel Help e Tabulator The tab character is
162. nection lines will be shown in color and the cylinders extend in sequence CoFluidS IMictWEMO1 CT The colors of the connection lines have the following meaning Color Meaning Dark red Hydraulic line pressure gt 50 of maximum Ocher Hydraulic line pressure lt 50 of maximum Lightred Electrical line current flowing Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 25 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 26 You can define your own mapping between colors and state values under Options Simulation The varying thicknesses of the dark red connection lines corresponds to the pressure as related to the maximum pressure FluidSIM distinguishes between three thicknesses of line Thickness Meaning Pressure gt 50 and lt 75 of maximum Pressure gt 75 and lt 90 of maximum Pressure gt 90 of maximum The exact numeric values for pressures flow rates voltages and currents are displayed on the attached measuring instruments Section 4 5 describes how you may go about getting values for all or only selected variables on the circuit diagram even when measuring instruments are not present Simulation in FluidSIM is based on physical models whose components match those components found in the Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG equipment set Therefore calculated values should closely match measured values When comparing results please acknowledge the fact that in practi
163. ng on open digital inputs Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Line Colors During simulation the electrical the hydraulic and the digital lines get colored depending on their state The mapping from a state to a color is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 77 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Slow motion Factor The slow motion factor controls whether the simulation should go more Slowly then it would in reality With a slow motion factor of 1 1 the simulation should proceed in real time e Piston Movement With the setting Keep Real time FluidSIM animates the piston as it would move in reality real time The slow motion factor is still considered The requirement for the observance of real time requires a powerful computer The setting Smooth uses the available power of a computer to its best advantage The goal here is to run the simulation without a sticky piston movement Hence the movement of the piston can be faster or slower than the piston movement in reality e Label designation By default FluidSIM does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase characters in label identifiers of mechanical or electrical connections I e label identifiers are automatically converted to uppercase Now using the option Display uppe
164. ngs and the circuit diagram specific settings of each open circuit diagram should be saved before exiting FluidSIM All global settings can be saved with Options Save Settings Now By clicking on Save Settings Now under the menu the circuit diagram specific settings of the current circuit will also be saved These settings then become the default for all new circuit diagrams that are created The following settings belong in the circuit diagram specific category display of quantity values the flow direction indicator and the background grid see next section Circuit Diagram Specific The following belong to the circuit diagram specific settings Settings 1 2 Display Flow Direction 3 Display Grid These settings can be adjusted for each open circuit diagram individu ally although they cannot be saved as such Instead the user has a way to define a default setting for the creation of new circuit diagrams By clicking on under Options the display settings of the current circuit diagram are saved as the default These default settings apply to the display of quantities the flow direction indicator and the background grid of each newly opened circuit diagram The term current circuit refers to the selected circuit diagram window A selected window will always be fully visible and its title bar will be highlighted Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 137 6 Special Functions
165. ning simulations and animations in FluidSIM 3 Set the number of colors to 256 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips No educational film will start playing Video playback requires suitable hardware and software Moreover FluidSIM needs access to the movie files on the CD ROM The student version of FluidSIM is being loaded each time you start although you have purchased the full version The FluidSIM CD contains both the student version and the full version of FluidSIM During the installation procedure you are asked whether the full version or the student version shall be installed ay The mouse cursor is not switching as described especially on top of connections Make sure that the option has not been activated The large mouse cursor is designed to be used with a projector here the switching of the mouse cursor is undesirable is not available from the menu Make sure that you are in the Edit Mode and that the window is not empty The text that was exported using the DXF filter does not appear as it did in FluidSIM The DXF format does not sufficiently support textual objects l e CAD programs may not possess the ability to translate all fonts font attributes font colors and special symbols ty Infeasible pressure values are shown at some connections FluidSIM neglects dynamical effects in component behavior As a result no pressure
166. not be used due to the presence of the second control chain embossing cylinder If a 3 2 way valve is used a direct switch over can be made from the advance stroke to the return stroke without switching off the hydraulic power unit Halting at overlap positions on the other hand which are not required here would be possible only by switching off the hydraulic power unit t The non return valve fitted in each case protects the pump against oil back pressure This is necessary in case the hydraulic power unit is switched off with the cylinder advanced and under load Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 259 C Didactics Material Survey 111 Exercise Ladle activation of a double acting cylinder Problem Liquid aluminum is transferred from a holding furnace into a channel leading to a die casting machine A ladle is required for this A double acting cylinder is used to enable the ladle to carry out the appropriate movements A circuit diagram is provided for the activation of the cylinder with a 4 2 way valve as final control element This must be examined to See if it is suitable for the control task concerned The ladle must not be allowed to dip into the furnace when the valve is not actuated A circuit diagram with a back pressure valve must be developed to cater for the case in which the ladle is very heavy Solution The requirements of the exercise are met by the first circuit diagram only
167. not exist or is write protected Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 275 D Messages D 5 System Errors 276 2 Circuit abc is already opened Close this window before You want to save a circuit diagram under another name There is however already another open window with this name If you close this window the file will be replaced A Simulation aborted The circuit is too large The size of circuit diagrams that can be simulated is bound You must reduce the number of components A Internal capacity of FluidSIM exceeded The previous action exceeded the capacity of the internal memory The action cannot be completed A No more windows available Microsoft Windows cannot provide any more windows most likely because the system resources have been exhausted A Memory capacity exceeded Quit other running applications There is not enough memory readily available to complete the parameter calculations To make more memory available other circuit diagrams should be closed along with any other Microsoft Windows programs that are running Then attempt to run the simulation again When there is no other possibility to free up memory the virtual memory can be increased Microsoft Windows then utilizes a section of the hard drive to increase the memory However as a result the execution speed of the program decreases greatly It would be wiser to extend the main memory by increasin
168. o guarantee adherence to real time Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 141 7 Help and Advanced Tips 142 2 At certain connections arrows for the flow direction are not displayed The option has been activated The arrows only appear when a connection actual has a flow passing through it This situation is not to be confused with a high pressure at a connection amp The animation is not repeated although the Loop option has been activated The Loop option only applies to an animation that is not contained in part of a presentation FluidSIM is not behaving as expected and you have already exited Microsoft Windows and started FluidSIM new again many times Highly likely is that temporary files are corrupt Attempt to completely delete the contents of the 1 sim _h tmp_ directory ey is not available from the menu although a operation has already taken place Only selected objects can be copied to the clipboard If no objects are selected only the picture will be copied to the clipboard The playback of the educational films appears jerky The playback of video sequences on any computer requires quite a bit of power Besides that enlargement of the video window requires even more complex computations The following points should be considered 1 Inthe menu of the Media Player under the menu set the size to normal 2 Exit all other programs stop all run
169. o make allowance for unknown variables such as pipe elbows and the Static friction in the cylinder ES In order to keep pressure losses in large installations to a minimum it is advisable to select valves on the basis of their flow characteristics It is better to select a valve which is one size too large than to accept large pressure losses This furthermore reduces wear resulting from cavitation in the valves Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Embossing press activation of a single acting cylinder Problem Additional hydraulic components are to be added to an embossing press to eject the finished workpieces A single acting cylinder 1A is to be fitted for this purpose A proposed solution in the form of a circuit diagram with a 2 2 way valve is to be examined to see if it is suitable for this control problem Following this a circuit diagram with a 3 2 way valve as final control element is to be developed and a parts list prepared A comparison is to be made of the behavior of these two circuits during the advance and return strokes Solution When a 2 2 way valve is used to activate a single acting cylinder the final control element must be reversed and the hydraulic power unit switched off in order to retract the piston rod The load acting on the piston rod must be larger than the resistance of the directional control valve This solution can
170. o the contents of the window component functions and context circuit diagram design animation circuit diagram simulation etc and disables the operations on the toolbar that do not apply In many new Microsoft Windows programs context menus are available A context menu appears when the user clicks the right button on the mouse within the program window In FluidSIM context menus apply to the contents and situations in the window the context menus contain a useful subset of functions from the main menu bar Located at the bottom of the window is a status bar that displays information on the current calculations and activities during the operation of FluidSIM In Edit Mode FluidSIM displays the designation of the component found under the mouse cursor Buttons scrollbars and the menu bar in FluidSIM operate in the same way as in most other programs that utilize Microsoft Windows Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 3 1 Included with the FluidSIM installation disks are a number of working Simulating Existing circuit diagrams The circuit diagrams will be utilized in the following Circuit Diagrams sections as demonstration and learning material A more detailed description of the circuits can be found in the following workbooks Hydraulics Basic Level TP 501 Hydraulics Advanced Level TP 502 Electro hydraulics Basic Level TP 601
171. ol elements to start stop and wind the film A detailed description of the media playback is available under the standard Microsoft Win dows help 5 6 By clicking on Didactics Options a dialog box appears that contains the Settings for Didactics settings for didactics Options Didactics Animation Speed Slow m Spool Presentation f Manually Automatically after ai Seconds Loop OF Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Animation Speed This setting defines the speed at which the animations should run e Spool Presentation A presentation in FluidSIM can be set to automatically run For this the setting Automatically after Seconds must be activated The time span that can be entered defines how long FluidSIM waits before switching to the next topic of the presentation By clicking on Bij the presentation will immediately change to the next topic in the presentation With the setting set to Manually no automatic switching will take place during the presentation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 107 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 108 Loop Defines whether a running presentation is reset and started over again after all topics have been displayed This is known as loop mode If an animation is running unattached to a presentation for example when started via Component Illustration th
172. omponent libraries which show the Fluid Libraries SIM components in total view hierarchical view or according to the Flu idSIM Version 2 style new libraries can be built A sample component library has automatically been set up during the FluidSIM installation Choose from the menu the library Frequently Used Way Valves Frequently Used Way Valves 43 way solenoid wv WS way solenoid vw AS way solenoid vw AS way solenoid w In contrast to the FluidSIM standard libraries both the arrangement and the contents of such user defined libraries can defined by means of operations that add and delete components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 129 6 Special Functions Inserting Components Via Menu 130 To display available libraries to create a new one or to rename an existing one choose the respective entry from the menu The first three entries of this menu belong to the standard libraries Below separated by a line stand the user defined libraries The bottom entries of the menu realize the functions for creating a new library New for renaming an existing user defined library Rename and for deleting a user defined library Delete The latter two entries relate to active library window When clicking on a dialog box opens where a description of the new library can be entered New Component Library Description Cancel Help The t
173. onal functions that apply to the simulation of circuit diagrams During the Simulation Mode it is sometimes necessary to actuate more switches or valves simultaneously It is possible in FluidSIM to simulate just such an actuation by means of setting a component ina permanently actuated state A button or a manually operated valve will become permanently actuated when clicking on it while holding down key This permanent actuation will be released by a simple click on the component If a component is dragged from the component library to the circuit in the drawing area and the simulation has been paused M FluidSIM automatically switches to the Edit Mode In FluidSIM it is possible to open more than one circuit diagram at a time Each circuit can either be simulated or edited This fact means that the Simulation Mode and the Edit Mode are applied uniquely and independently to each window containing a circuit diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits This concept means that it is possible to edit one circuit diagram while other circuits are in the background running in simulation FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project Yiew Options Window SH aln mele 2 SU no fl a QAQRQAAQAQlA m Pm I e D gt Pi p gt Total View Component Library fe a leg Edit Mode Circuit changed It s in the nature of hydrauli
174. ong period of time without slipping down Firstly a 4 3 way valve with suitable mid position functions should be selected as a final control element Secondly a delockable non return valve should be provided in the circuit diagram to act as a hydraulic safety device to prevent slippage of the door under load i e its own weight over a long period of time as the result of leakage losses in the directional control valve The question is which type of 4 3 way valve has a Suitable mid position function Solution A 4 3 way valve with an all ports closed mid position will solve the problem only if a poppet valve is used If a slide valve would be used the oven door would slip down slowly as the result of internal leakage losses The second solution would be to fit a delockable non return valve in the supply line to the piston rod side of the cylinder downstream of the directional control valve In order to ensure that the non return valve closes immediately when the door stops both the outlets A and B of the directional control valve to the tank must be de pressurized A B and T connected P closed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 261 C Didactics Material Survey 262 113 Exercise Clamping device closing speed Problem Workpieces are clamped by a hydraulic cylinder The closing speed must be reduced in order to prevent damage to the workpieces The opening
175. ons At least one component has an open hydraulic connection After acknowledging the dialog box all components with an open hydraulic connection are selected If the simulation should be started FluidSIM automatically fits blind plugs to open connections A Incompatible connections are superimposed When two connections are superimposed FluidSIM automatically connects them When these two connections do not go together a warning message is given A Superimposed lines At least two lines are superimposed After acknowledging the dialog box these line segments are selected Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM D Messages A Lines through components At least one line is passing through a component After acknowledging the dialog box the appropriate components are selected A Lines through connections At least one line is crossing through a connection to which the line is not connected After acknowledging the dialog box these lines are selected A Superimposed components At least two components are superimposed After acknowledging the dialog box these components are selected A Duplicate or incompatible labels A label has been used incorrectly After acknowledging the dialog box the appropriate components are selected To set the circuit diagram into simulation other labels will have to be chosen A There are components with the same description The same description has been
176. opied to the clipboard by clicking on or Edit Copy the component can then be inserted in the circuit diagram by clicking on amp J or Edit Paste In the same way it is possible to paste the contents of the clipboard into another graphic or word processing program Within a circuit diagram selected components can also be copied by holding down the Shift key and moving them The mouse cursor changes then to the copy symbol fe Components can simply be copied between windows by selecting the desired components and dragging them in the other window Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Aligning Objects To align objects firstly select these objects and then click on the icon Eesm or on the appropriate entry in the menu Reference object is always the object which lies furthermost in the desired direction If for instance several components shall become aligned left all but one objects are moved to the left so that they align with the left most object Note that hydraulic and electrical components obey the constraint that their connections must lie on the grid As a consequence an alignment may not always coincide with the symbol bounding Rotation Selected components can be rotated by 90 180 or 270 There is a short cut for rotating a single component in steps of 90 pressing the Deleting Lines If only one component connection is
177. ormation is opened The highlighted bar in the topics list can be moved by mouse click or by using the arrow keys however the highlighted bar will not respond to any movement of the scrollbars 88 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to a selected topic appears underneath the topics list Click on the line for topic 74 1 4 2 way valve three pistons 1 The following picture appears rat de 4 2 way valve with three pistons Often it is easier to understand the functional nature of a component when its behavior is visualized through the use of animation For this reason several components possess different sectional views showing the component at different states These sectional views can be animated in much the same way as a flip book Select a 3 way pressure reducing valve and click on Component Illustration in the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 89 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Topic Descriptions 90 Double click on a topic referring a sectional view that can be animated Click on or to start the animation An animation can be frozen with M or by clicking on in the menu W or stops an animation whereas a or restarts an animation In addition there
178. ow Pressure or switching valve State Switch State Before a simulation is started the circuit diagram can be checked to see if there are any graphic drawing mistakes present The mistakes that lead to errors include the following 1 oP O ee ee objects outside of the drawing area lines that cross through components superimposed lines superimposed components superimposed connections or connections that do not go together open hydraulic connections components that have the same identification assigned mismatched labels see section 4 8 lines that cross through connections to which they are not connected Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following circuit diagram contains mistakes of type 2 3 4 and 6 Message boxes should now appear which inform the user of the graphic mistakes Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 65 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits After the instructions you may decide if the circuit should be simulated anyway Fluids i Ph C AFludS ikc noname ct There have been warnings Start simulation anyway No Help In the case that you start a circuit with open hydraulic connections Fluid SIM automatically closes these connection with blind plugs 4 8 In the same way FluidSIM allows you to create hydraulic circuit Coupling Hydrauli
179. owards the boards at an adjustable reduced pressure t This example can be used as a preliminary stage to the introduction of the 3 way PR If the 2 way PR is closed due to the fact that the preset maximum pressure has been reached thickening of the material of the workpieces would cause an increase in the pressure on the outlet side of the PR to a higher value than desired See also the animation for topic 62 62 1 3 way pressure regulator 1 The 3 way pressure regulator can be regarded as a combination of a 2 way PR and a pressure relief valve PRV The PR is in its normal position here only a low pressure has built up at the outlet A Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 231 C Didactics Material Survey 62 2 3 way pressure regulator 2 sw When the pressure at A rises the result of external ja conditions this pressure acts via a pilot line on the left hand piston surface of the pilot piston against an adjustable spring force Every pressure increase causes the throttle gap to become narrower resulting in a pressure drop aax When the maximum preset pressure is reached EE the throttle point closes completely The pressure set on the system pressure limiter is produced at the inlet P aw If the pressure rises above the preset value as the Dm result of an external load at outlet A the valve opens to allow flow from A to the tank port T pressure limiter function CS 3 way p
180. p Down Counter Depending on the configuration of the input Dir an internal value is counted up or down through an input pulse The output is set when the configured count value is reached With every status change at the input Cnt from Lo to Hi the internal counter is increased Dir Lo or decreased Dir Hi by one unit If the internal counter is equal or larger compared to the specified value the output Q is set to Hi You can use the reset input R to reset the internal count value and the output to Lo As long as R Hi also the output is Lo and the pulses at input Cnt are not counted Adjustable parameters Counter 0 9999 5 Symmetric Clock Generator A timing signal with a configurable period is given at the output Via the duration of the pulses you can determine the length of the on and off times Via the input En for Enable you can switch on the clock generator that is the clock generator sets the output to Hi for the duration of the pulse subsequent the output to Lo for the duration of the pulse and so on until the input status is Lo again Adjustable parameters Impulse time 0 1 100s5 0 55 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 201 B The Component Library Asynchronous Pulse Generator The pulse profile of the output can be changed via the configurable pulse duration and pulse pause duration It is
181. possible to invert the output with input INV The input INV only negates the output if the block is enabled via EN Adjustable parameters Impulse time 0 1 100s 3s Impulse pause time 0 1 100s 1s Frequency Threshold Trigger The output is switched on and off depending on two frequencies which can be specified The threshold trigger measures the signals at input Fre The pulses are captured across a measuring interval which can be specified If the frequency measured within the measuring interval higher than the input frequency the output Q is switched to Hi Q is switched again to Lo when the measured frequency has reached the value of the output frequency or if it is lower Adjustable parameters On frequency 0 1 10 pulses sec 6 pulses sec Off frequency 0 1 10 pulses sec 2 pulses sec Time interval 0 1 100s 5s 202 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library B 5 Connection mechanical Miscellaneous A mechanical connection constitutes a place holder for the label of a valve solenoid To simplify clicking a mechanical connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Miscellaneous Valve solenoid The valve solenoid switches the valve By means of a label the valve solenoid can be linked to a valve that is solenoid operated Valve solenoid ladder The valve solenoid switches the valve By means of a label the valve solenoid can be
182. r flow resistance 109 6 Roller conveyor flow resistance 110 1 Embossing press activation of 4 single acting cylinder W Preview Cancel Help Description of the dialog box Topics d This field contains a listing of exercises which are always based on three pi ctures By double clicking on a line in the list the dialog box disappears and a window with the selected information is opened The highlighted bar in the topics list can be moved by mouse click or by using the arrow keys however the highlighted bar will not respond to any movement of the scrollbars 96 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to the selected topic appears underneath the topics list t By double clicking on its name in the dialog box choose the exercise Roller conveyor flow resistance The following window is opened Roller conveyor To go on to the next picture you must either click on W or set the exercise to an automatic continuation see section 5 6 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 97 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 3 Presentations Combining Instructional Material 98 Sometimes you may want to examine a topic from different angles or combine individual topics into a les
183. r than 0 3 bar air dissolved in the oil is precipitated out When the pressure rises again due to a reduction in speed the oil bursts into the gas bubbles Cavitation is a significant factor in hydraulic systems as a cause of wear in devices and connections Local pressure peaks occur during cavitation This causes the erosion of small particles from the wall of the pipe immediately after the reduced cross section leading to material fatigue and often also to fractures This effect is accompanied by considerable noise Input and output power Various losses occur at the individual devices within a hydraulic control chain These consist es sentially of mechanical electrical and volumetric losses t After an installation has been in service for some time there will be a change in particular in the volumetric efficiency of the pump as the result for example of cavitation see topic 29 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 5 aia Hydraulic power unit Components of a Power The hydraulic power unit power supply unit Unit provides the energy required for the hydraulic installation Its most important components are the reservoir tank drive electric motor hydraulic pump pressure relief valve safety valve filter and cooler The hydraulic power unit may also act as a carrier for other devices gauges directional control valves The hydr
184. ram at a factor of 1 4 v2 To repeat this action twice means a doubling in the diagram s size Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus Ql Reduces the diagram at a factor of 1 4 v2 To repeat this action twice means a cutting in half of the diagram s size Quantity Values A Opens a dialog box for the display of quantities For each of the quantities Velocity Pressure different types of display options can be defined None Particular All Display Flow Direction D Turns on or off the arrow as a direction of flow indicator The arrow for the direction of flow will be shown near the component connection that is as long as the flow is other than zero Display counter values and delay times T Displays or hides the current values of components with counting and delay behavior Display current path numbering and switching elements table N Displays or hides the current path numbering and the switching elements table in electrical circuits Show Connection Descriptors C Enables or disables the display of the components connection descriptors Opens a dialog box for the label display style It can be defined whether or not the labels are drawn framed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 159 A FluidSIM Menus Activates the background grid according to the set style The style of the grid can be
185. rcase and lowercase label identifiers are treated case sensitively Case sensitivity can be enabled for both display purposes and a more strict label identity checking In the former case upper and lowercase characters say for instance a and A are displayed as such but treated as the same character In the latter case which is enabled by the option Distinguish between uppercase and 99 66 lowercase a and A are treated as different labels 78 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Sound Parameters Digital Technique Compatibility with Siemens LOGO Soft It is a useful convention in the field of digital technology setting open input ports of AND NAND and NOT components to Hi Otherwise e g an AND gate with three input ports would not function as expected if only two of its input ports were connected Many constant Hi connections may clutter up a circuit unnecessarily and hence FluidSIM can be configured to set open input ports of the respective components always to Hi This option can be disabled of course If open input ports have been detected at the start of the simulation FluidSIM issues a warning message The display of this message can also be disabled By clicking under a dialog box appears with parameters for sound settings Options Sound r Enable Sound E 7 al W Switch
186. rcises 256 extensions 209 flow valves __ 4B gauge S255 hydraulic plant 207 hydraulics basics DT motor S 252 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 283 Index physical fundamentals power unit presentation presentations pressure valves sectional view settings shutoff valves symbols topic description valves way valves Digital Basic Functions Digital Components Digital Constants and Connectors Digital module Digital Special Functions DIN standard directional valves manually actuated 3 2 way 4 2 way 4 3 way solenoid 4 2 way 4 3 way stem actuated 2 2 way directories of FluidSIM distance rule general problem usage dongle drag and drop 215 219 98 271 226 87 94 107 107 244 210 90 223 234 194 192 192 196 195 85 168 170 168 169 169 170 171 173 171 171 173 168 15 203 274 72 11 30 144 284 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index drawing new print tiled size drawing area objects outside drawing layers drawing mistake DXF export import E Edge triggered AND digital Edge triggered Wiping Relay digital edit redo several circuits undo Edit Mode activate exit educational film CD ROM drive general overview Einf gen Suchen electrical components american standard ladder diagram style electro hydraulics ellipse error Festo
187. rcuit diagram preview window the contents of the corresponding directory will also be read as new If your computer is equipped with an audio playback facility sounds can be played during the changeover of relays switches and valves or during the activation of a buzzer You can add your own sounds to replace the preselected ones by replacing the sound files in the snd directory The sound file for the switches and relays is named Switch wav the sound file for a valve is named valve wav and the sound file for the activation of the buzzer is named horn wav Aside from opening circuit diagrams by double clicking on a circuit s miniature representation a preview window does also provide some File Manager functionality Analogous to the Edit Mode for objects in a circuit diagram the miniaturized circuit diagrams can be selected deleted copied between overview windows or moved by holding down ift key copied to the clipboard or dragged into the a circuit diagram window Please remember that delete operations and move operations take place on the file system Therefore if a miniaturized circuit diagram is deleted its related file will also be deleted in the file system This section describes how presentations can be created using a common text editor more specifically not using FluidSIM The file names of presentation files have the extension shw A shw file has the following structure Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co K
188. red for fluidics For example while drawing the program will check whether or not certain connections between components are permissible Another feature of FluidSIM results from its well thought out didactic concept FluidSIM supports learning educating and visualizing hydraulic knowledge Hydraulic components are explained with textual descriptions figures and animations that illustrate underlying working principles exercises and educational films mediate knowledge about both important circuits and the usage of hydraulic components The development of FluidSIM included special emphasis on both an intuitive and easy to learn user interface The user will quickly learn to draw and simulate electro hydraulic circuit diagrams Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 1 Welcome 1 2 The Handbook from FluidSIM has been divided into two parts The Layout of the Handbook first part serves as a user s guide and the second part functions as a reference book The user s guide contains chapters that introduce the user to FluidSIM By following the chapters in order the user will understand how to operate FluidSIM The reference part contains a complete listing of the FluidSIM functions the component library the didactics material and the FluidSIM messages User s Guide Chapter 2 describes the computer requirements for FluidSIM the installation process and the meaning of the supplied files Chapter 3 conta
189. reset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 185 B The Component Library Proximity Switches Magnetic proximity switch Switch that closes when a solenoid is brought near by In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Inductive proximity switch Switch that closes when the induced electro magnetic field is changed In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Capacitive proximity switch Switch that closes when its electrostatic field is changed In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Optical proximity switch Switch that closes when the light barrier is inter rupted In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it 186 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Relays Relay The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Relay with switch on delay The relay picks up after a preset time when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 5s Relay with switch off delay The relay picks up i
190. ressure regulators are available with both positive and negative piston overlap If a 3 way pressure regulator is created by combining a 2 way pressure regulator and a pressure relief valve the overlap is adjustable The animation shows both the pressure regulator and pressure limiter function of a 3 way pressure regulator through the example of a roller which exerts a constant pressure on moving material of variable thickness The final control element which is normally interposed has been omitted here in the interests of clarity 232 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 63 1 3 way pressure regulator 5 A 3 way PR is shown here in a functional iy representation incorporated into a model circuit diagram The piston rod of the cylinder is subject to external force and the pressure regulator provides a pressure limiter function The illustration shows the same circuit as the i previous illustration but with the functional representation of the 3 way pressure regulator replaced by a detailed circuit symbol CS 3 way pressure regulators are available with both positive and negative piston overlap If a 3 way pressure regulator is created by combining a 2 way pressure regulator and a pressure relief valve the overlap is adjustable a The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the standard circuit symbo
191. ritten from which an actual version of the unsaved circuit can be constructed If the question is answered with Yes a window with the recovered circuit is opened however the original circuit remains unchanged You then can decide if to whether the recovered circuit shall be saved under the original name Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 277 Index Symbols R 29 t 30 dy 50 32 gt 35 lt gt 35 gt 36 ar 37 M 24 fo 27 D 29 149 E 21 149 E 149 41 149 8 120 150 47 151 2 32 151 50 151 El 50 151 E 55 a 158 a 158 Q 158 Al 158 E 158 Q 159 i 65 153 E 27 153 gt 24 153 205 nj 27 153 ia 153 153 153 pepo 5 Seema 28 152 278 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index al Q e Q Q Ql 2 n way valve configurable 3 n way valve configurable 4 n way valve configurable 5 n way valve configurable A activation actuation of switches of valves without detent without lock alignment AND digital animation component loop mode of diagram symbols Asynchronous Pulse Generator digital B background grid default setting display hide set type Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 54 54 54 54 54 54 167 167 168 168 11 26 43 70 56 43 51 194 89 90 42 202 137 55 55 279 Index blind plug delete DB fit automatically 66 273 set
192. rred selection of components see Section 6 8 A The value range of abc is x x The value range for the field has been exceeded Make sure to observe the indicated limits Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM D Messages D 4 Opening and Saving Files YD The circuit diagram has been changed Save current changes You want to close a circuit diagram window or quit FluidSIM Since the last save changes have been made to the current circuit diagram 2 The file abc already exists Replace A circuit diagram with the name name ct already exists on the hard disk To save the current circuit diagram you must either change the file name or the already existing file will be replaced with the new circuit diagram A Cannot save DXF file The file either the current circuit diagram or the component library cannot be saved due to insufficient disk space or a write protected disk A Unknown file format The file cannot be opened since its format is not supported by FluidSIM A Cannot open file abc FluidSIM cannot open the file because Microsoft Windows refuses access to the file Either the file does not exist or is locked by another application 2 abc does not exist Create You have tried to open a file that does not exist However the file can be opened as a new file A The file abc can not be deleted You have tried to delete a file that does
193. s and operation of the software package This handbook however is not intended to help in defining special aspects of hydraulics Concerns of this nature can be found in the Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG textbook series Users of this software are encouraged to contribute tips criticism and suggestions for improvement of the program via email at info fluidsim com did festo com Moreover the newest updates can be found at our Internet site at www fluidsim com www festo com didactic April 2004 The Authors Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 1 Welcome 1 1 About FluidSIM FluidSIM 3 Hydraulics is a teaching tool for simulating hydraulics basics and runs using Microsoft Windows It can be used in combination with the Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG training hardware but also independently FluidSIM was developed as a joint venture between the University of Paderborn Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems Software GmbH Paderborn A major feature of FluidSIM is its close connection with CAD functional ity and simulation FluidSIM allows DIN compliant drawing of electro hydraulic circuit diagrams and can perform realistic simulations of the drawing based on physical models of the components Simply stated this eliminates the gap between the drawing of a circuit diagram and the simulation of the related hydraulic system The CAD functionality of FluidSIM has been specially tailo
194. s available Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 253 C Didactics Material Survey 103 Automatic bleed valve When the cylinder is retracted the piston of the bleed valve is closed It is lifted as the piston rod advances Air can then escape via the bleed hole until the hydraulic fluid reaches the piston and pushes it upwards In the forward end position the piston is pushed fully upwards by the hydraulic fluid and thus provides an external seal Bleed valves should be fitted at the highest point in a piping system since this is where any trapped air will collect 254 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 12 104 Piston pressure gauge Gauges M aw Pressure gauges operate on the principle that pressure acting on a given area will produce a given force In the case of piston pressure gauges ice Ai the pressure acts on a piston against the force EEE of a spring The pressure value is now shown on a scale either by the piston itself or by a pointer driven magnetically by the piston Most pressure gauges operate on the principle of a Bourdon tube When hydraulic fluid flows into the tube an identical pressure is produced throughout Due to the difference in area between the outer and inner curved surfaces the tube is bent This movement is transferred to a pointer This type of gauge is not protected against overload A
195. s found on the FluidSIM toolbar are represented in this manual with the appropriate icon menu entries are shown framed function keys are represented with their appropriate key symbol For example W is the icon used to start a simulation indicates the Open entry under the File menu F9 stands for function key o In this manual the term clicking with a mouse means using the left mouse button It is explicitly stated when the right button is to be used Values for quantities calculated and displayed in FluidSIM are expressed in the following units Quantity Unit of measure Pressure p bar MPa Flow q l min Velocity v Force F Opening level Voltage U Current I Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 2 Getting Started 2 1 Technical Requirements 2 2 Installation 2 2 1 Installation with Program Activation This Chapter describes how FluidSIM is installed on your computer You need a computer with a Pentium processor or higher that runs using Microsoft Windows9x Microsoft WindowsME Microsoft Win dowsNT Microsoft Windows2000 or Microsoft WindowsXP If you intend to draw simple circuit diagrams or to simulate the existing circuit diagrams 64 MB RAM is adequate However minimum 128 MB RAM is recommended to simulate complex circuit diagrams In order to play the educational films you will need a CD ROM drive that runs at double
196. s label is used from within the partner application to request or to set values in FluidSIM via DDE FPC Address If FluidSIM is coupled with an application that also provides FPC addressing support the addresses of assembly word and byte can be entered here These settings are necessary only if the option FPC mode is active Reverse Function Inverts the logical values of the DDE components Normally current flow corresponds to a logical 1 Clicking on opens the following dialog box with settings for the OPC and DDE communication Options OPC DDE Communication Properties Do not apply remote control OPC mode W Enable event buffer DDE mode Server FLSIMP Topic fic Panel FPE Addressing Mode Cancel Help Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Description of the dialog box e Do not apply remote control This option disables OPC and DDE communication in FluidSIM If this option is checked FluidSIM will not respond on attempts to open a connection by other applications e OPC mode Choose this option if FluidSIM shall be coupled with other applications via OPC e Buffer events Enable this field if FluidSIM shall buffer all events and process them in a first in first out manner If this option is disabled events that occur during high computational load may go lost e DDE mode
197. sed the switch Reed contacts are created by using a general make switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Limit switch changeover Switch that is changed over by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch changes back immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Switch with roll changeover Switch that is changed over by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch changes back immediately when the cam has passed the switch Switches with roll are created by using a general changeover switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Reed contact changeover Switch that is changed over by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch changes back immediately when the cam has passed the switch Reed contacts are created by using a general changeover switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 183 B The Component Library Manually Operated Pushbutton break Switches Switch that opens when actuated and closes immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple cl
198. selected its connected but de selected lines can be deleted using or by pressing the _De key This concept provides an alternative way to delete lines Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 51 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Configuring Way Valves The body of a valve or its operation concept can be changed by double clicking the valve The following dialog box is opened Configure Way Valve Left Actuation Description Right Actuation om te Springreturned D dn Wap Vake V Spring returned Piloted E Piloted Manually Valve Body Manually Hydraulically Electrically Mechanically Mechanically Initial Position 2 Hydraulically B ie C Electrically Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Left Right Actuation For both sides the actuation modes of the valve can be defined individually it can be one or more of the categories manual mechanical or hydraulic electrical An operation mode is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a category no operation mode is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list Moreover for each side of the valve the attributes spring returned and piloted can be set e Description Enter here a name for the valve This name is used in the state diagram and in the parts list 52 Festo Didactic
199. signed on the poppet principle Topic 69 The 3 2 way valve is actuated flow is released ott from P to A and the outlet T is closed ES 3 2 way valves which are normally closed from P to A and T are also available Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 237 C Didactics Material Survey 3 2 way valves as diverter In addition to their application as final control elements 3 2 way valves can also be used as diverters In this case port T is connected to a further device to which a switch over can then be made The part circuit diagrams show the facility to switch between the flow control valves with different settings and between heating and cooling t The circuit symbol is drawn reversed to simplify the representation of the circuit diagram 4 2 way valve two pistons 1 The 4 2 way valve has two working ports A and B erin a supply port P and a tank port T The supply port is always connected to one of the working ports while the second working port is routed to the tank In the normal position there is flow from P to B and from Ato T n contrast to valves with three pistons 4 2 way valves with two pistons do not require a leakage oil port see topic 74 4 2 way valve two pistons 2 The 4 2 way valve is actuated and there is flow eie from P to A and from B to T ES 4 2 way valves are also available which are normally open from P to A and from B to T ie trt F 2
200. son For this purpose FluidSIM offers the concept entitled presentation There are a number of already prepared presentations which can be found on the FluidSIM installation disks However editing presentations or creating new presentations is also possible with FluidSIM All presentations can be found under inthe menu Click on Didactics Presentation The following dialog box appears Presentation All topics sorted br number Applications Break and lunch Components of a hydraulic system Components of the power supply section Directional control valves Exercises Flow control valves Fundamental physical principles Graphic and circuit symbols Hydraulic cylinders and motors Measuring devices Non return valves Pressure valves Valves In general Edit Presentation New Presentation W Preview Cancel Help Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Description of the dialog box e Available Presentations This field contains a list of already created presentations e New Presentation Clicking on New Presentation opens a second dialog box for the creation of a new presentation e Edit Presentation Clicking on Edit Presentation opens a second dialog box to begin editing a presentation e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that per
201. speed along with hardware for sound When you purchased FluidSIM you received a CD and possibly a license connector Aside from the educational films the CD contains both the full version and the student version of FluidSIM The installation procedure is described in the following sections The full version of FluidSIM is available in two versions A version that supports the automatic online activation and the license connector version With the first start of FluidSIM you will be asked to activate FluidSIM The activation follows one of the following three variants e Automatic Online Activation This variant requires Internet access from the computer where FluidSIM is to be activated and realizes a completely automated procedure e Indirect Activation In this variant an activation dialog box is opened that shows an Internet address url and your individual license ID With this information you can generate your individual activation key at an arbitrary computer with Internet access Then the activation key has to be entered in the activation dialog box of the installation PC Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 11 2 Getting Started 2 2 2 Installation with license connector FluidSIM Full Version Installation from CD 12 e Call Festo to receive your individual activation key If you don t have Internet access or if the Internet activation fails you can call a service employee at weekda
202. stead of providing a number the ellipse can also be moved with the mouse e Center y Defines the y coordinate of the ellipse center Instead of providing a number the ellipse can also be moved with the mouse 112 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Radius rx Defines the x radius of the ellipse Instead of providing a number the ellipse can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the ellipse s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator T or Now the ellipse can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Radius ry Defines the y radius of the ellipse Instead of providing a number the ellipse can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the ellipse s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator 4 T or Now the ellipse can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Starting Angle Defines the ellipse s start angle specified in degree A value of zero degree corresponds to the three o clock watch hands position Ending Angle Defines the ellipse s end angle specified in degree A value of zero degree corresponds to the three o clock watch hands position Color Defines the color of the ellipse s border A color is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and se
203. stems FluidSIM 163 B The Component Library In FluidSIM each component in the component library is assigned a physical model Using these models FluidSIM first creates a global behavior model of the circuit which is then processed during simulation This chapter provides for a short description of the components in Fluid SIM s component library If the component has adjustable parameters their value ranges are given Anumber in brackets after the value range indicates the default setting for the parameter 164 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library B 1 Hydraulic Components Service Components Pump unit The pump unit supplies a constant volumetric flow The operating pressure is limited by the internal pressure relief valve The pump unit has two tank connections Adjustable parameters Flow 0 16l min 21l min Operating pressure 0 350bar 60 bar Pump unit simplified Simplified representation of the detailed pump unit The component does not have tank connections in the circuit diagram Adjustable parameters Flow 0 16l min 21l min Operating pressure 0 350bar 60 bar Tank The tank is integrated into the pump unit and has a pressure of 0 bar It can be inserted into the circuit diagram as an independent component Hose with quick action coupling The hose is available in 4 lengths 600 mm 1000 mm 1500 mm and 3000 mm Dependent on
204. t at distance rule display style duplicate frame incompatible ladder diagram large mouse cursor Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 110 112 112 110 110 55 55 139 193 165 178 91 192 116 11 147 67 73 71 273 71 273 188 287 Index 288 activate deactivate Latching Relay digital license license connector limit switches line automatic creation color crosses connection delete digital draw electrical hydraulic move set type Superimposed thickness through component LO digital LOGO Compatibility loop mode animation presentation main memory minimum reorganization small manometer measuring devices media playback Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co 136 199 277 11 182 190 58 25 77 273 51 193 35 179 167 37 53 64 272 26 273 193 79 90 108 11 145 57 179 179 107 144 KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index Media Player 144 memory exceeded 276 out of 277 Memory bits digital 193 menu context sensitive 85 messages 272 miscellaneous 203 model formulation 25 mouse click double ____ 23 50 53 60 68 69 72 74 76 115 double with key 51 left 10 right 20 50 with 47 with 56 N NAND digital 194 NAND With Edge Evaluation digital 194 network default directory 136 installation 147 option 136 147 NOR digital 195 NOT digital 195 numbering current path 58 Festo
205. t 128 editing steps which can be undone The function Edit Redo serves as a way to withdraw the last undone step When using to undo an editing step you may go to far By clicking under Edit Redo the circuit is returned to its original state before undo M was initiated The function can be invoked until there are no more undo steps to be redone The function applies to all possible editing steps in the Edit Mode A component can be highlighted that is to say selected by clicking on it with the left mouse button However by clicking on another component with the left mouse button the first component is no longer selected but the second component is Only one component at a time may be selected when clicking with the left mouse button Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 47 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 48 If while you are clicking on components you hold down the _ Ctrl _ the components that are already selected will remain so In addition the component underneath the mouse cursor will also be selected if not already selected or de selected if already selected In this sense the component s state of selection is reversed Another efficient concept for selecting multiple components is by using the rubber band The rubber band is opened by pressing and holding down the left mouse button and then moving the mouse cursor The mouse cursor cannot
206. tached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Manually Operated Pushbutton break ladder Switches Switch that opens when actuated and closes immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the ey This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Pushbutton make ladder Switch that closes when actuated and opens immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the ey This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Pushbutton changeover ladder Switch that changes over when actuated and changes back immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component 190 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Pressure Switches Pressure switch break ladder Switch that opens when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label
207. tains to the selected presentation appears underneath the topics list Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 99 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on New Presentation to open the following dialog box Presentation Available Topics Selected Topics 2 Fress with elevated reservoir 3 Mobile hydraulics Excavator 4 1 Structure of a hydraulic system 4 2 Hydraulic power section 4 3 Block diagram of 4 control systern Sa Interaction of components Animation 5 14 Interaction of components Animation 5 24 Interaction of components Animation 5 3a Interaction of components Animation R dal Interaction af comnoonent gt Wi ninnatine gt ngerk gt elete W Preview Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Description In this text field a short description of the presentation can be entered This text may consist of up to 128 characters and will appear with the other presentations the next time the presentation dialog box is opened 100 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Available Topics This field contains a list of all available topics dealing with Hydraulic Basics Working Principles and Exercises Moreover there exist two pictures that can be used to announce a refreshment and a lunch break respect
208. tems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 26 2 Pressure transfer 2 A pressure transfer effect also occurs in conven tional double acting cylinders with single piston rod This effect also causes problems in hydraulics If for example an exhaust flow control is fitted to a differential cylinder for the advance stroke a pressure intensification effect results in the piston rod chamber Types of flow A distinction is made between laminar flow and turbulent flow In the case of laminar flow the hydraulic fluid moves through the pipe in ordered cylindrical layers If the flow velocity of the hydraulic fluid rises above a critical speed the fluid particles at the center of the pipe break away to the side and turbulence results t Turbulent flow should be avoided in hydraulic circuits by ensuring they are adequate sized aea bieselefect SSCS A pressure drop to the level of vacuum may occur at points of restriction causing precipitation of the air dissolved in the oil When the pressure rises again oil bursts into the gas bubbles and spontaneous ignition of the oil air mixture may Occur Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 217 C Didactics Material Survey non SOS 218 Cavitation Motion energy is required for an increase in the flow velocity of the oil at a restriction This motion energy is derived from the pressure energy If the vacuum which results is smalle
209. that flow once again passes through the flow control valve from left to right t During the return stroke shown here flow control is carried out on the outlet side The animation shows the actuation and spring return of a 4 2 way valve and the flow through the Graetz block during the advance and return strokes t Similar rectifier circuits are also used in conjunction with line filters or brake valves wx In the cases of delockable non return valves flow in the closed direction can be released by means of an additional pilot port X The illustration shows the valve in its normal position flow from B to A is closed The released piston is pressurized via pilot port H X This lifts the sealing element from its seat and releases flow from B to A C n order to release the valve reliably the effective area of the pilot piston must always be greater than the effective area of the sealing element Piloted non return valves are also available with lockable non return function Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 245 C Didactics Material Survey Delockable non return valve 3 The model circuit diagram shows how a load can be positioned by holding a cylinder using a suitable delockable non return valve The valve becomes active in the return stroke whereby the restriction on the piston side is released by actuation of the 3 2 way valve t See also the following animation on this topic
210. the FluidSIM directory The license connector will charge and you will be asked whether or not you would like to preserve user modified files You should answer Yes if you would like to keep the files that you created with FluidSIM for example new circuit diagrams and presentations and also information that you changed while using FluidSIM When re installing FluidSIM you should use the same directory path You should answer No if you want to completely remove FluidSIM from your computer l If a problem occurs during de installation do not attempt to manually change or delete FluidSIM Instead report problems and errors to Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG phone 0049 711 3467 0 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 17 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The following chapter is set up in the form of a tutorial to introduce the user to important FluidSIM functions At the end the user should be comfortable designing and simulating circuit diagrams Start FluidSIM via the Start Menu under Program Files Festo Didactic After a few seconds the main window from FluidSIM should appear on your screen FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window S W Ealo see 2 SU mn wl s QRQRQAAQAAlA gt I e gt mH pm Total View Component Library ai Ex E Way Valve EN Way valvel 4 my Valve E y valve H Art Systems Soft
211. the bending process is now much too slow In this case leakage losses in the piping or directional control valve are ruled out as the cause of the problem A directly controlled pressure relief valve PRV is installed as a safety valve Measurements of the volumetric flow Q as a function of pressure p are available for this valve A characteristic curve can than be used to determine whether the loss of speed in the bending process is due to the PRV Solution The volumetric flow which is discharged to the tank when the PRV opens is entered on the horizontal axis The characteristic curve shows that the opening point of the PRV is 44 bar although it is set to 50 bar This means that part of the pump delivery is diverted at pressures greater than 44 bar Pressures of more than 44 bar are achieved during the bending process Since however the flow is divided from 44 bar onwards the volumetric flow to the cylinder is reduced from this point and the bending process slows down Measure to be taken The PRTV can be set to 60 bar if the overall installation has been designed for this higher pressure Flow diversion will then take place from a pressure of 54 bar onwards t An alternative solution would be to use a valve with a different response pressure Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 257 C Didactics Material Survey 258 109 Exercise Roller conveyor flow resistance a ia
212. the end of the stroke Shortly before the end position is reached the cross section for the outflow of fluid is reduced by the built in cushioning pistons and then finally closed The hydraulic fluid is then forced to escape through a flow control valve 252 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 101 1 End position cushioning 1 The piston is a short distance before its end position the hydraulic fluid on the piston rod side must escape via the adjustable flow control valve above the piston rod This type of end position cushioning is used for stroke speed between 6 m min and 20 m min At higher speed additional cushioning or braking devices must be used The piston rod is on its return stroke in this flow f direction the non return valve below the piston rod is opened thus by passing the flow control valve The piston rod retracts at maximum speed The illustration shows first the advance of the piston rod from a mid position to the forward end position with cushioning at the end of the advance movement The non return valve is open during the return stroke t Animation 101 3a also shows the opening of the pressure limiter after a certain pressure has been built up on the outlet side by the cushioning piston 102 Double acting cylinder Actual photograph of a double acting cylinder 2 This illustration can be used if no actual component i
213. the length of a hose different resistance values are considered during simulation Adjustable parameters Length 0 3000mm 600 mm Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 165 B The Component Library Diaphragm accumulator with shutoff block Stores the pressure and is equipped with a pressure relief valve to prevent overpressure Note that Flu idSIM simplifies dynamical connections during simulation In this connection the accumulator is loaded in time discrete steps rather than by a continuous flow Adjustable parameters Gas pre charge pressure 1 350bar 10 bar Nominal pressure 0 350 bar 60 bar at flow 0 16l min 21 min Filter The filter limits the contamination of the fluid respecting a certain tolerance value in order to reduce the risk of damage at the components Connection hydraulic A hydraulic connection is a place where a hydraulic line can be attached to To simplify the line drawing process a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Hydraulic connections can be shut by means of a blind plug An open hydraulic connection may result in leaking oil FluidSIM 3 Hydraulics thus pops up a warning message if some hydraulic connection was left open Note that at each hydraulic connection values for the flow and pressure can be displayed 166 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Line hydraulic
214. this block is not connected its status is automatically Hi NAND AND not The output Q of the NAND is only Lo when all inputs are Hi that is if they are closed If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Hi NAND With Edge Evaluation The output Q of the NAND with edge evaluation is only Hi if at least one input is Lo and if all inputs were Hi in the previous cycle If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Hi OR The output Q of the OR is only Hi if at least one input is Hi that is if itis closed If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Lo 194 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library NOR OR not The output Q of the NOR is only Hi when all inputs are Lo that is if they are switched off As soon as any input is switched on status Hi the output of the NOR is set to Lo If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Lo XOR exclusive OR The output Q of the XOR is Hi if the inputs are nonequivalent If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Lo NOT Negation Inverter The output Q is Hi if the input is Lo The NOT block is an input status inverter Special Functions
215. tion P is open to B and A to T When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 2 way hand lever valve ii In normal position the connection P is open to A and B to T When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with shutoff position i In normal position all connections are closed When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel or crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with shutoff position ii In normal position all connections are closed When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover or parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 169 B The Component Library 4 3 way hand lever valve with floating position i In normal position the connec
216. tions A and B are open to T When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel or crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with floating position ii In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover or parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with bypass position i In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel or crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with bypass position ii In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover or parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 170 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Librar
217. tween them Entering a label takes place in a dialog box which can be opened by either double clicking on the desired component or selecting the component and then clicking Edit Properties Labels can be established on the left and right sides of an electrically operated valve by double clicking on the appropriate side as opposed to clicking in the middle of the component The following example explains how labels can be used in FluidSIM Activate the Edit Mode by clicking on mJ or Execute Stop Create the circuit diagram as shown in the following figure C FluidSIMicthnoname ct Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits So that the valve can be controlled by the solenoid you have to link the components with a label Double click on the control solenoid or simply select the control solenoid and click under Edit Properties The following dialog box appears Valve solenoid Label Cancel Help Description of the dialog box e Label This text field gives the label its name A label can be up to 32 characters in length consisting of letters numbers and symbols Enter a name for this label for example Y1 Double click on the outside of the valve solenoid to open the dialog box for the label name Input the same label name as for the solenoid for example Y1 The soleno
218. uidSIM s standard circuit library stand on drawing layer two By disabling the Show option for this layer the identifiers are made invisible 6 2 By selecting a rectangle and clicking on Edit Properties or by simply Graphic Primitives double clicking it its property dialog box is opened Rectangles Rectangle a 12 width 150 w 12 Height 80 Color T Fill area A Line Style m Layer fi za ts Description of the dialog box e a Defines the x coordinate of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be moved with the mouse 99 e y Defines the y coordinate of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be moved with the mouse 110 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Width Defines the width of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the rectangle s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator gt T or Now the rectangle can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Height Defines the height of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the rectangle s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator gt
219. uit diagram Make switch ladder General make switch that is tailored according to the component that actuates it For example if the make switch is linked via a label to a switch on delayed relay the make switch changes to a switch on delayed make switch in the circuit diagram Delay Switches Break switch switch on delayed ladder Switch with delayed opening after pickup Switch on delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch on delayed ladder Switch with delayed closing after pickup Switch on delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Break switch switch off delayed ladder Switch with delayed closing after dropout Switch off delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch off delayed ladder Switch with delayed opening after dropout Switch off delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 189 B The Component Library Limit Switches Limit switch break ladder Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Limit switch make ladder Switch that is closed by a cam at
220. uit diagram The default name for the new circuit diagram is noname ct If a circuit with this name already exists a number is appended to the title noname to create a unique file name Open Ctrl 0 Opens the File Selector dialog box which allows you to select and open a circuit diagram Save Ctrl S fal Saves the current circuit diagram The circuit diagram window remains open Opens the File Selector dialog box and you can save the current circuit under a different name This name appears in the title bar of the circuit diagram window and becomes the new name for the circuit Circuit Preview Ctrl U Bl Opens the circuit diagram preview windows Double clicking ona miniature circuit diagram will load the circuit Circuit diagrams can be selected and deleted in the preview window When saving circuit diagrams the preview window is automatically updated In the luidsim directory subdirectories can be created for the saving of circuit diagrams FluidSIM recognizes all circuit diagram directories and generates appropriate circuit diagram preview windows Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 149 A FluidSIM Menus 150 DXF Export Opens the File Selector dialog box and you can then export the current circuit diagram in the DXF format If no new name is given for the DXF file then it is saved under the circuit diagram name with the file extension dxf The DXF export filter allows t
221. under the menu to export the actual circuit diagram If no new name is given for the DXF file the exported circuit diagram file is saved with the extension dxf The exported drawings in the DXF format differ from those in FluidSIM in the following manner 1 Component connections are shown without circles 2 The DIN symbol is inserted for the cylinder 3 The text font is set to STANDARD for the text components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions 6 7 Files that are of the DXF format type can be imported retaining most DXF Import of the DXF element attributes Clearly imported circuit diagrams or symbols cannot be simulated since the DXF standard does provide for a definition language of physical behavior models However the import functionality is useful if a circuit diagram shall contain elements that cannot be realized from within FluidSIM For example CAD drawing frames or terminal strip plans which have been created by means of another CAD program can be inserted into a FluidSIM drawing Depending on whether a single symbol or a complex drawing is to be imported particular conventions relating the grouping should be obeyed Having selected a DXF file via File Open the dialog box for the DXF import opens DAF Import m Scale Drawing Original Size 76 25 97 25 Scale Factor M Generate Objects f Each group represents an object Ent
222. ust slightly and the distance rule moves with it If you move the cylinder more thana centimeter in distance the connection between distance rule and cylinder is broken and the distance rule does not travel with The correct position for a distance rule depends on the type of cylinder Distance rules can be set above the cylinder before the cylinder on the moving piston or at both positions at the same time S B amp E Double click on the distance rule Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following dialog box appears Distance rule Position mm 0 50 mm 0 50 mm 0 50 mm 0 50 mm 0 50 mm 0 50 Description of the dialog box e Label The text insertion fields on the left are for naming labels from proximity switches or limit switches in electrical circuits which are actuated by the movement of the cylinder s piston e Position The text insertion fields on the right are for defining the exact position of the switches on the cylinder Insert Y1 as the label name in the first row and 35 for its position Close the dialog box by clicking on OK Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 73 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Relays 74 Immediately following a mark with the appropriate lab
223. ustable parameters Force 1000 1000 Newton 0 Newton Max stroke 10 6000 mm 200 mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm 0mm Piston Area 0 1 805qcm 2 01 qcm Piston Ring Area 0 05 425qcm 1 23 qcm Hydraulic motor The hydraulic motor transforms hydraulic energy into mechanical energy 178 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Measuring Devices Manometer The manometer measures the pressure at its connection Flow meter The flow meter consists of a hydraulic motor connected to an RPM gauge B 2 Electrical connection OV Electrical Components OV connection of the power supply Power Supply Electrical connection 24V 24V connection of the power supply Connection electrical An electric connection is a place where an electric line can be attached to To simplify the line drawing process a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Note that at each electric connection values for the voltage and current can be displayed Line electrical A electrical line links two electrical connections Note that a electrical connection may be a simple electrical connection or a T junction A electrical line causes no voltage drop i e it has no electrical resistance Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 179 B The Component Library T junction electrical A T junction joins up to three electrical
224. ut Q shall be set to Lo or to Hi independent on the input value After the simulation start the value at the output is set to the value of the input Logic level HI At the output Q you have the logic level Hi Logic level LO At the output Q you have the logic level Lo Connection digital An digital connection is a place where a digital line can be attached to To simplify the line drawing process a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Note that at each digital connection its level Lo Hi can be displayed Line digital A digital line links two digital connections Note that a digital connection may be a simple digital connection or a T junction Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 193 B The Component Library T junction digital A T junction joins up to three digital lines thus having a single digital level Note that T junctions are introduced automatically by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode Basic Functions AND The output Q of the AND is only Hi when all inputs are Hi that is if they are closed If an input pin of this module is not connected its status is automatically Hi Edge triggered AND The output Q of the edge triggered AND is only Hi when all inputs are Hi and if at least one input was Lo in the previous cycle If an input pin of
225. value There is really no mistake here A pressure relief valve has a preset nominal pressure threshold which is related to a certain pressure flow If the flow should increase beyond this value a larger pressure drop will occur according to the resistance characteristics of the valve The pressure relief valve is also not in the position to guarantee a certain pressure in all circumstances Text components cannot be selected Make sure that the option has not been activated Valves cannot be switched Electrically operated valves can be switched by hand only if no sort of control signal is applied Certain editing functions are not available in the context menu The context menu contains a practical subset of possible editing functions Probably the operation that you would like to utilize applies only to one component at a time if this is the case check to see that only one component is selected 2 There is no pressure drop in the circuit although a T connection is apparently open T connections are considered to be different from other connections As an aid in drawing they must not be provided with blind plugs because they are automatically closed if no line is connected The simulation time runs irregularly although the slow motion factor has been set to 1 1 and Keep real time has been activated Both a complex circuit diagram and a slow computer could be reasons for the inability of FluidSIM t
226. values can be computed in circuit sections that are shut off Anyway to give an idea of the pressure magnitude FluidSIM performs a reasonable estimation respecting such values Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 143 7 Help and Advanced Tips 7 2 Tips for the Advanced User Data Formats of the Clipboard Media Playback Opening FluidSIM files via the Explorer Opening FluidSIM Files by Command Line Entry 144 This section contains some technical information about different concepts in FluidSIM When information from a FluidSIM window is copied to the clipboard both a meta file and a bitmap are generated When pasting into another application a word processing program or a drawing program the program automatically finds the format that will contain the most information However it could be intended to insert a circuit diagram for example into Microsoft Word as a bitmap as opposed to the meta file representation In this case you simply paste the contents of the clipboard into bitmap editor such as Paintbrush and then recopy it back to the clipboard Following this action Microsoft Word then will find the bitmap when pasting from the clipboard When playing the educational films of FluidSIM the Windows Media Player is loaded Further hints are described in the Microsoft Windows Help under the media playback topic Normally to open a file from within FluidSIM you would click on un
227. vice and thus constant feed speed Regarding the last question No matter whether operation is with or without a load the pressure drop Apz at the adjustable throttle remains constant A constant pressure drop means a constant volumetric flow tS Regarding the necessity for the non return valve in the by pass When flow passes through 2 way flow control valves in the reverse direction they act either as flow control valves if the regulating restrictor is fully open or non return valves if the regulating restrictor is closed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 116 Exercise Planing machine by pass circuit Problem The sliding bed of a parallel planing machine is actuated with the aid of a hydraulic control system The power section of this hydraulic control system consists of a double acting differential cylinder The area ratio of the full piston surface of this cylinder to the annular piston surface is 2 1 Since the piston rod chamber is only half the volume of the piston chamber the return stroke is twice as fast as the advance stroke Machining has previously been carried out only during the advance stroke In future working movements are to be carried out in both directions To make this possible the hydraulic control system must be modified so that forward and return strokes are at the same speed The speed should now also be adjustable The connecting
228. ward gradient since the new pump manifests increasing internal leakage losses as necessary to provide internal lubrication The newly plotted curve shows a clear deviation the leakage oil losses have become greater at higher operating pressures the volumetric efficiency has become worse The main reason for this is pump wear Regarding the circuit diagram for the test assembly The adjustable flow control valve 1V3 is adjusted in such a way that the pressure gauge 1Z1 shows the desired system pressure The pressure relief valve 1V2 is used to limit the system pressure while valve 1V1 acts as a safety valve for the pump EETETETE t The measured values taken as the basis for this exercise do not allow for the characteristic curve of the electric motor The motor characteris tic thus forms part of the calculated error 256 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 108 Exercise Bending machine directly controlled pressure relief valve Problem A bending machine is used to bend steel plates The bending tools are driven by hydraulic cylinders It is now desired to use the bending machine for considerably thicker steel plates than before This requires a hydraulic system pressure of 45 bar against the previous 30 bar According to the manufacturer s data the pump used is suitable for the higher operating pressure Testing reveals however that
229. ware GmbH Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG 72 Files A 18 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The left hand side shows the component library of FluidSIM in its total view it contains hydraulic and electrical components for the creation of new circuit diagrams The menu bar at the top of the window lists all the functions needed for the simulation and creation of circuit diagrams The toolbar beneath this menu displays frequently used menu functions The toolbar contains the following nine groups of functions 1 0 g a a creating new circuit diagrams previewing a circuit diagram opening and saving circuit diagrams 8 printing the contents of the window for example circuit diagrams and component photos w Ba al editing circuit diagrams alignment of components E using a grid Q a a a a a zooming in and zooming out of circuit diagrams component pictures and other windows BI superficial circuit checking E e simulating circuit diagrams directing animation basic level Taj a simulating circuit diagrams directing animation additional functions Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 19 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 20 Only a certain number of the above listed functions will apply to a specific circuit diagram FluidSIM recognizes which functions apply according t
230. wn arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the text component may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible text component or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers The dialog box can be closed by clicking on OK As a result the text along with its font attributes is inserted into the drawing area Click on Protect Text Components to protect the text The protected text can no longer be selected Therefore components can be placed over the text With FluidSIM parts lists can be generated automatically A parts list is represented by a parts list component which can be inserted moved or deleted like every other component The parts list is updated automatically while a drawing is edited The automated update may slow down the drawing process of large circuits and thus a parts list component should be inserted in the end of a drawing process Open the circuit demol ct Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Select the parts list component from either the menu or the component library and add it to the drawing Move the parts list such that it overlaps no other component CoFluidS IMictWEMO1 CT Component Description Double acting cylinder La Double acting cylinder Pressure relief walwe Pump unit
231. y and C Didactics Material Survey offer a complete and concise summary of the instructional material in FluidSIM The following sections contain a description of the functions found under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 1 Information about Single Components Component Descriptions The first three entries under the menu refer to selected components and are context sensitive More precisely When a component in the current circuit diagram window is selected or all selected components are of the same type the menu entry Component Description will be enabled In the case that a photo or a further illustration exists relative the selected components the following functions can also be utilized and Component Illustration In the case that varying types of components have been selected the choice of components is not clear and none of the above three menu entries will be enabled If the current window shows a picture from the didactics material the menu entry Topic Description will be enabled All components possess a page with a technical description This page contains the diagram symbol for the component according to the DIN standard Deutsche Industrienorm a textual description of the component s function the designations of the connections and a listing of the adjustable parameters along with t
232. y Solenoid actuated 4 2 way solenoid valve i Directional Valves In normal position the connection P is open to B and A to T When actuated by the control solenoid the valve is set to parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoid the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 2 way solenoid valve ii In normal position the connection P is open to A and B to T When actuated by the control solenoid the valve is set to crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoid the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with shutoff position i In normal position all connections are closed When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to parallel or crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component li brary Frequently used Way Valves under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 171 B The Component Library 4 3 way solenoid valve with shutof
233. y office hours who will provide you with your activation code Depending on the license model single position systems or network the license connector is needed only during the Installation of FluidSIM or must be attached to the so called license server The blue license connector for single position systems defines how many times FluidSIM can be installed If for instance you have bought a classroom license exactly the corresponding number of single position installations can be performed Note however that by each de installation the license connector can be recharged by simply connecting it and starting the de installation program see section 2 4 The green network license connector defines how many instances of FluidSIM can be running at the same time in the network If you attempt to start more instances than the allowed number an error message is displayed If the license server is down or if the license connector has been removed from the system all circuits that are already open and modified can be saved before FluidSIM terminates If the license server is up again FluidSIM starts as usual Ifyou purchased a version with single position license connector make sure that your computer is switched off and attach the license connector to the parallel interface LPT 1 of your PC Often there is a printer attached to the computer The printer cables must be removed while installing FluidSIM Turn the computer o
234. ys give firstly the number of ports and then the number of switching positions Directional control valves always have at least two ports and at least two switching positions The number of squares shows the number of possible switching positions of a valve Arrows within the squares show the direction of flow Lines shown how the ports are interconnected in the various switching positions of the valve The designations always relate to the normal position of the valve Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 211 C Didactics Material Survey 14 Circuit symbols for directional control valves 2 This illustration shows the circuit symbols for 4 2 and 5 2 way valves t There are two general methods for the designation of ports using either the letters P T R A B and L or consecutively using A B C D etc the first method is the preferred one in the relevant standard The illustration shows the circuit symbols for 4 3 way valves with various mid positions Satine a enieg i F 4 68 Lei A d The switching position of a directional control valve can be changed by various actuation methods The symbol for the valve is accordingly supplemented by a symbol indicating the actuation methods shown such as pushbuttons and pedals a spring is always necessary for resetting Resetting can however also be achieved by actuating the valve a second time for example in the case of valves with hand

FluidSIM 3.6 Hydraulics - Mechatronics

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents