ORTEC ANGLE 3 User Guide 931077 rev B
Contents
1. Figure 23 Error in input parameters message box After testing the input parameters ANGLE asks for a name of the file where the output results will be saved and the calculations begins While calculating ANGLE displays calculation information as shown in Figure 24 Calculations Calculating Input data Current data Output File Test 02 out 68 Elapsed time 0 09 Estimated time 0 13 E Turn off the computer when done cancel Figure 24 Calculations information box First line shows the input parameters source Current data or the name of the input file more about the input files in the following chapter Second line shows the name of the output file In the central part of the calculations information box there is a progress bar showing the completion progress in percents Finally the total calculation time and the estimated time for the calculation are shown Calculations can be canceled anytime by clicking the Cancel button Option Turn off the computer when done will if checked automatically shut down the computer after the calculations ate finished This is useful for time consuming calculations e g long batch jobs where computers are left unattended to finish calculations Once all calculations are finished the shut down dialog will be displayed Figure 25 page 33 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Shut Down Windows Shut down The2. 0 02314306 0 02994726 0 03235849 0 03217112 0 03119394 0 03029287 0 02834885 0 02705622 Ha Copy to clipboard ES Export to Gammavision Efficiency ep 0 0018585013 0 0045957036 0 0056007711 0 0038853284 0 0024754517 0 0017020815 0 0011813609 0 0008712102 e Figure 29 Multiple output results window Exporting to ORTEC GammaVision Calculation results can also be exported to ORTEC GammavVission format simply by clicking on Export to GammaVision button Figure 26 Export to GammavVision will be possible only in case when bhdl button will be disabled efficiencies are calculated i e when reference efficiency curve is defined Otherwise Export to GammaVision page 37 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Saving input parameters All input parameters can be saved to a file This is convenient in several cases e When calculations will not be performed immediately e For preparing the calculations which will be performed on another computer e For preparing the inpus for multiple calculations at the same time batch jobs Input file can be saved by choosing the item Save as from main menu option File Figure 30 or by pressing CtrltS key combination on keyboard e ANGLE 3 File Detector Container Exit ANGLE File Figure 30 Saving the input parameters Before saving ANGLE checks all input values for possible
3. clicking that button user can choose the file with energies which was previously saved page 29 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Calculation precision During the calculations ANGLE performs numerical integration over the source volume and detector surface which is visible by the source Precision is defined by specifying the so called Gauss coefficient order Higher coefficient values result in higher precision but longer calculations times For large sources the use of higher calculation precisions should be particularly considered ANGLE allows calculation precision values between 10 and 50 Recommended values which will cover most cases are between 25 and 35 The selected calculation precision is displayed in Other group both numerically and graphically Figure 20 Other Energies Energy example Reference efficiency curve Curve example Calculation precision co AA MAMURA 35 All dimensions are in Centimeters Figure 20 Other group To change the calculation precision click the Calculation precision option in the Other group or choose menu option Other and then option Change calculation precision In the calculation precision dialog simply drag the slider to the desired position and click OK button Figure 21 Calculation precision l Faster calculations Slower calculations Lower precision Higher precision 10 50 Gauss coefficient order 35 Cancel
4. for source container intercepting layers detector elements etc ANGLE offers a list of common materials for the particular case If none of them is adequate material can be entered manually or loaded from a previously saved material file This is done by choosing Something else option from material drop down list Figure 7 i e pop up menu Figure 12 After this the material entry window is shown Material can be entered in three ways which can be chosen by appropriate buttons at the top of the form e Asa mixture of elements e Asacompound e Asa mixture of compounds When entering the material as a mixture of elements the number of elements element symbols and percentages material density and material name has to be entered Figure 16 Material etm Material is in form of Mixture of elements Compound Mixture of compounds Number of elements Symbol Percentage mass 5 SI 35 06 NA 8 68 CA 3 57 E 2 27 te 50 42 Density g ccm Material name 2 43 Glass EF Load material From file OK Cancel Help d Figure 16 Entering the material as a mixture of elements page 25 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 When entering the material as a compound the number of elements element symbols and number of atoms material density and material name has to be entered Figure 17 Material Material is in form of Mixture of elements Compound Mixture of compounds
5. EN ysenensnensununii annona a aaa 15 G ometty data ENE yen 42 air iiaa aE aA ERS 17 So tc data CMY innare enaa eT EEE AS 19 Reference efficiency curves css ks rese 20 Entering the cuirve dating 22 Importing curve from ORTEC Gamma Vision 23 Defining custom materials sseriisiisiserriesrereisiiiiisiisiiiistste 25 Loading already saved material ecsesessssesseesseeseeeseeseseeseseeseeneseens 27 Defining eneroy sets agerende renen R 28 Loading already saved energy set ccccccssscsesseesseseseeneseenesseseseeneeeneees 29 Calculation precision 4 rdr ae Tre rr Gunn 30 DIMENSIONS ar ccdeeta ens saabenvasecacsdadesbeaunetsasinansasasacecuendoasunsvenerueseraaneses 31 Calculations onnaa 32 Exporting to ORTEC GammaVision cccsssesseseeeeeteseessesseseneenees 37 Saving input parameters scenerne 38 Calculations from saved files scenerne 39 Software registration oo ccc cccsessssesssessesesestesesessscsesesessecseseseeceeeneaes 41 Updating ANGLE ccc ccccccccssssescscscssesesesessesesescsscsesescsessesessecsseseseecsceeeseaeeeees 44 References ooo ccc ccscscecscsscscecscsscscscssscsscscssscssscessesssssevscsesscevscssssevscsesseuees 46 Introduction Theoretical In any gamma spectrometric measurement with semiconductor detectors the task of converting number of counts collected by multichannel analyzer MCA in a full gamma energy peak into the activity of the sample source cannot be avoided There are in p
6. Investment of care in determining the REC will always pay off First option Edit is for entering changing and loading already saved curves The later option None turns off the reference curve If the reference efficiency curve is not specified efficiencies will not can not be calculated Only effective solid angles will be calculated in this case bhdl When defining a reference efficiency curve Figure 14 several groups of parameters must be entered e Experimental points e Interpolation regions e Detector name e Reference container data e Reference geometry data page 20 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide e Source data e Reference curve name and description Reference efficiency curve Experimental points Detector Number of points Detector name Detector example 1 E 25 E ref gt 53 17 9 78E 5 E Container 80 88 0 0003423 Container Container example 2 121 78 0 0004714 Geometry 122 06 0 0004703 Geometry Geometry example 1 136 46 0 0004707 160 61 0 000473 HEL 223 23 0 0004043 Source height 0 5 Gradi 0 0003049 Source radius 0 2 276 4 0 0003689 s 302 8 0 0003441 Source material water X 344 28 0 0003253 355 95 0 0003137 383 78 0 0002948 411 11 0 0002624 b A Paste values from Clipboard Energy regions Number of regions 3 kev kev Polynom order 700 2000 1 10 or Pa PY a ESF EET Er 10 10 10 EykeV Reference efficiency curve nam
7. Number of elements Symbol Number of atoms 2 H 2 te 1 Density g ccm Material name 1 Water EF Load material From file OK Cancel Help Figure 17 Entering the material as a compound The third way of defining a custom material is a mixture of compounds First the number of compounds is entered Next each compound is defined as well as its share in percents in the material Figure 18 Finally a material density and name must be entered 1 Compound m Number of elements Symbol Number of atoms 2 H 2 Percentage mass o 1 90 OK Cancel amp Help Figure 18 Entering one compound of a mixture of compounds page 26 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide When all material data is entered after a click on the OK button the user will be asked if the material should be saved to disk for further use phd Knowing material composition as good as_ possible contributes to the accuracy of calculated results However baring in mind it goes about gamma atenuation it is not necessary to know the exact material composition particularly not materials in trace quantities Loading already saved material In material entry dialog box there is a Load material from file button After clicking on that button user can choose the file with material which was previously saved page 27 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Defining energy sets In order to perform the calc
8. Planar LEPD detector U Detector example 6 Example of Well detector x Delete Figure 4 Entering new detector using pop up menu When entering the data such as detector data moving between text fields can be done by pressing Tab or Enter key In this way the data entry is much faster especially when using the numeric keyboard All dimensions ate expressed in centimeters cm by default ANGLE supports inches as well Switching between these two dimension units can be done by clicking on the appropriate option in the Other group of the main window of the ANGLE page 10 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Detector data entry First the detector name and type are to be chosen There are six detector types available Figure 5 e Closed end coaxial HPGe e True coaxial HPGe e Closed end coaxial Ge Li e Open end coaxial Ge Li e Planar LEPD e Well New detector Detector Detector name 5c0317 Detector type v Closed end coaxial HPGe True coaxial HPGe Closed end coaxial Ge Li Open end coaxial Ge Li Planar LEPD Well Detector description OK Cancel oe Help Figure 5 Choosing the detector type After the detector type is chosen data fields appropriate for that detector are shown Data fields are divided into six groups four in case of well detectors each one represented by one tab page 11 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 e Detector data for t
9. computer will automatically shut down in 21 seconds Cancel Figure 25 Automatic shut down dialog Shut down dialog will start 30 seconds countdown after which the shut down procedure will be initiated During this period it is possible to cancel the shut down or even force it before the timer reaches zero After the calculations are finished the results are shown Output files contain all input parameters so they can be reviewed anytime later Figure 26 Output gt Output file Detector name Container name Geometry name Source height Source radius Source material Number of energies Gauss coefficient order Calculation duration Calculated values 60 90 150 250 450 700 1200 1600 Reference efficiency curve 0 6368860 0 7983416 0 7708364 0 6882476 0 6131603 0 5668419 0 5030172 0 4684190 da Copy to clipboard Test 02 out Detector example 1 Container example 1 No holder 5 3 1 1 Water 8 Curve example 30 1 39 8 Export to GammaVision Effec solid angle Qeff Efficiency p 0 02057910 0 05214549 0 05934783 0 04382025 0 02944399 0 02209229 0 01522619 0 01250358 amp Hep d Figure 26 Output results window page 34 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide In order to see the complete data for some item container for example the appropriate option should be clicked The input parameters containi
10. incompatibilities If there is an incompatibility in input parameters such as invalid detector container combination for example when using well detector with Marinelli container the error message will be shown and calculations will not be performed Figure 23 page 38 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Calculations from saved files Calculations from one or more saved files can be performed by choosing the appropriate option from the Calculations main menu item Figure 31 rce Other Calculations Help S From current data Start Figure 31 Starting calculations from saved files After choosing one or more previously saved input files the calculation begins Output file names will have the same name as input files except for the extension which will be out instead of sav The calculation information box will be displayed similar to the one for the calculations of current data In case of multiple input files additional information will be showed in the information box progress bar and elapsed time for the overall process Figure 32 Calculations S Calculating Input data Test 10 sav Output file Test 10 0ut 77 Elapsed time 0 54 Estimated time 1 10 Overall progress I 15 Elapsed time 0 54 E Turn off the computer when done x Cancel A Figure 32 Calculations information box for multiple calculations page 39 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Gui
11. the GammaVision menu bar and entering the desired file name This will save the CLB file for future recall This file will contain both the energy and efficiency calibration data calibrate Calculate Analyze Librai v Energy bs Mi v Efficiency Description Recall Calibration Print Calibration Calibration Wizard Figure 40 Save the new calibration and spectrum in a CLB file For more detailed information on GammavVision s calibration features and capabilities refer to the Software User s Manual
12. 10 out Test 01 out Test 03 out Test 04 out Test 08 0 Files of type Output files out x Cancel Figure 28 Selecting multiple output files For selecting the multiple files use any of the following standard Windows procedures or their combination gt e By clicking the file name while holding keyboard Ctrl key will select deselect that file e By clicking one file name and clicking on another file name while holding down Shift key all files between them will be selected too e By pressing CtrI A key combination all files will be selected phaay Output results window in this case will have a list of output files in the left hand part of the window Figure 29 By clicking a name of a file the results from that file will be displayed in the right hand part of the window This option is useful when comparing the results of calculations or when transferring the results to another application page 36 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Calculated values Output s Output files Output file Test 03 0ut TEOT out Detector name Detector example 3 v CEEA A Container name Container example 1 i Test 08 0ut Geometry name Geometry example 1 i Test 10 0ut Source height i Source radius Source material Water o Number of energies 8 i Reference efficiency curve Curve example i Calculation precision T 20 Calculation duration 0 12 Energy Ey Effec solid angle Qeff
13. ORTEC ANGLE 3 0 Semiconductor Detector Efficiency Calculations User Guide Printed in U S A ORTEC Part No 931077 0810 Manual Revision B Advanced Measurement Technology Inc alk a ORTEC a subsidiary of AMETEK Inc WARRANTY ORTEC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE NOT EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN IN NO EVENT WILL ORTEC BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR LOST SAVINGS EVEN IF ORTEC HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THESE DATA Copyright 2010 Advanced Measurement Technology Inc All rights reserved ORTEC is a registered trademark of Advanced Measurement Technology Inc All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners ANGLE 3 Semiconductor Detector Efficiency Calculations User Guide Table of contents Table of COAtEN ES 22222222 rs ledn ek NEL Rk ANE EGNE KENT ye 2 Introduction sccccnociscisinenenirinassonsinnuuniun a 3 TE LS EA Er Eee a A AGAN 3 SOWAT Eniris ieia ARR a RE a 5 Built in help system cc 7 Data 7 9 Em js i iiijccscsisssasvciacvscresssesisnasessbacitiaivasstasctaisiaevvdnea via cavs stasis ERE nEe 8 Detector data entry cc icsesscsssesesesssessescscssstensasssseseescasensesesscasanenseeneasans 11 Container data
14. about all containers beakers defined in ANGLE Each container is represented with its name and description Container images in the left hand part of the list represent one of two possible container types No container option is at the top of the list Geometry contains information about all geometries defined in ANGLE Geometry here means defining the geometrical positioning of the source vs the detector including source support holder Each geometty is represented with its name and description Images in the left hand part of the list represents one of three possible geometry types for well detector for Marinelli geometry or for other detector geometry types No holder option is at the top of the list Source this group contains information about the radiation source used for calculations height radius and material Other contains four remaining uncategorized calculation patameters energies of interest set reference efficiency curve calculation precision and units centimeters inches page 8 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide These five principal data groups are arranged in the main ANGLE window as shown in Figure 2 HE MER a o beks File Detector Container Geometry Source Other Calculations Help 7 0 8 New Edit Detector Delete detector detector info detector Modify Delete Detector Container Detector example 1 Example of Closed en
15. are defined by energy pairs in keV and polynomial order for that interval Although ANGLE supports polynomial fitting up to order of 6 it is recommendable to divide energy region of interest into several segments and fit each of them with polynomials of lower order not more than order 3 b y 4 The intervals are represented on the diagram with green dashed lines When interpolating the reference efficiency curve ANGLE takes one closest point from the neighboring intervals in order to create smoother curve ha s 44 It is possible to define a new container and or geometry or to choose one of already existing containers geometties For example after clicking on Container option a pop up window with the following options will be displayed Figure 15 e Define new reference container from scratch page 22 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide ghia Edit change the current reference container Info information about the reference container No container no reference container Select container select one of existing containers defined in ANGLE Reference geometry allows usage of holder on top of Well detector for point sources Nevertheless reference calibration is best with source placed in the well as will be the samples Container Container Container example 2 Define CON Edie ometry example 1 i Info Sou No container t 10 5 Container example 1 N Contain
16. ation key Registration form User information Name Company Address ii City ZIP postal code Country Telephone e mail mandatory fields Registration information Serial number Authorization key 7E5Q G55W MG7F UQOW Register online Register by e mail Enter registration number Copy to Clipboard Back Help Figure 34 The registration form Mandatory fields are marked with the asterisk The Serial number field must be populated with valid ANGLE serial number obtained from the software distributor Authorization key is calculated by ANGLE and it cannot be modified There ate two ways to register ANGLE e Online registration e Registration by e mail page 42 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide If the computer is connected to the Internet registration can be completed in a few seconds simply by clicking the Register online button The second method of registering is by e mail By clicking on Register by e mail ANGLE will automatically create an e mail for you with all registration parameters After receiving your mail we will send you back the unique registration number which will unlock your copy of the software To enter received registration number click the Enter registration number button and enter the registration button you received Figure 35 Registration Serial number Authorizat
17. ayers are supported Each coating layer can be of different material and its thicknesses can be defined separately for container side and bottom s page 15 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Depending on whether antimicrophonic shield exists or not the number of fields needed to be entered under Vacuum tab will be different bbdd page 16 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Geometry data entry Geometry defines the source container holder support and additional intercepting layers if any vids X For practical reasons when well detectors are chosen no possibility for source holder is offered i e only intercepting layers can be defined The same is valid when a Marinelli container is chosen regardless of the detector type New geometry Geometry Additional intercepting layers Geometry name Holder 10cm a For what detector type Other than well bd For what container type Other than Marinelli v Holder outer radius 9 23 Holder cap thickness 0 05 Holder cap material Glass v Holder wall thickness 0 3 Holder wall material Plastic ol Holder height End cap Geometry description OK Cancel eS Help bida Figure 9 Geometry data entry If there is no holder and there are no additional intercepting layers e g source container is placed on the detector top then geometry data do not have to be entered No holder option
18. ctions are for GammaVision 32 version 6 08 6 09 If using another version of GammavVision refer to the corresponding Software Users Manual for instructions on creating efficiency calibrations ANGLE s EXPORT tool will automatically transfer the energy efficiency pairs generated by ANGLE to the EFT file format required by ORTEC s GammavVision 32 Gamma Ray Spectrum Analysis and MCA Emulator software A66 B32 Once the EFT file is created you can use GammaVision to create the calibration CLB files Export the EFT file from ANGLE to GammaVision saving it in the Spectra directory indicated on the Directory tab under GammaVision s File Settings command the default location is C User Start GammaVision 32 and recall the spectrum used to generate the Reference curve On the menu bar select Calibrate Efficiency This will open the efficiency calibration graph table and dialog shown in Fig 38 If an efficiency calibrated already exists for this spectrum destroy it by clicking on the upper left icon of the the Efficiency Calibration dialog and selecting Destroy as shown in Fig 39 Next click on the Merge button in the Efficiency Calibration dialog and select the EFT file you imported from ANGLE GammaVision Demo3 Spc DEMO3 SPC IS A FULLY CALIBRATED SPE CONTAINING BOTH Library Services ROI Dla l OG fees a rr Soa Elz Efficiency Graph W Efficiency Calibrat
19. d coaxial HPGe detector Detector example 2 Example of True coaxial HPGe detector Detector example 3 Example of Closed end coaxial Ge Li No container Container example 1 Example of Cylindrical detector Ly Im Container example 2 Example of Marinelli detector Detector example 4 Example of Open end coaxial Ge Li detector Detector example 5 Fvamnle of Planar LEEN detector Source Source height Source radius Source material No holder Geometry example 1 Example geometry Other Energies Reference efficiency curve Calculation precision All dimensions are in Energy example Curve example Centimeters 35 Figure 2 ANGLE main window Since version 3 ribbon menu is introduced replacing classic program menu This makes ANGLE usage faster and easier while maintaining the same menu structure as before Data entry for detector container and geometry can be done in two ways The first is by choosing the option New from appropriate main menu item Figure 3 The second way is by right clicking the appropriate list and choosing the option New from pop up menu Figure 4 page 9 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 s d4 e ANGLE 3 File Detector Container Geometry Source Edit Detector Delete detector info detector Modify Delete Figure 3 Entering new detector using main menu Detector example 5 T Example of
20. de Output files will have the same names as the input ones If output files with the same names exist they will be overwritten without warning sig After the calculations are finished the output results will be automatically displayed for all selected files except in case when automatic computer shut down is requested page 40 of 46 Software registration After the installation ANGLE works in demo mode In this mode the software is fully functional except the calculations cannot be performed After obtaining ANGLE it must be registered in order to unlock the calculations Each time you reinstall your computer ANGLE must be registered in order to be fully operational The number of registration for each copy of ANGLE is limited to three registrations per one year Do not disclose serial number to other parties to prevent yourself being unable to register your copy when needed b d Registration form can be opened simply by clicking on Register ANGLE 3 option from the Help main menu item Figure 33 Other Calculations Help e E va Help N Check for About contents le IN updates ANGLE Help Registration Updates About Figure 33 Registration menu item The registration form consists of the following fields Figure 34 e Name e Company e Address two lines page 41 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 e City e ZIP postal code e Country e Telephone e e mail e Serial number e Authoriz
21. e Curve example Reference efficiency curve description Reference curve example Bi New curve Load curve from file BS Import From Gammavision OK Cancel eS Help Figure 14 Defining the reference efficiency curve After confirming the entry by clicking the OK button user can choose whether the curve data will be saved to file or not By clicking the New curve button all data are cleared and user can enter data for a new reference efficiency curve Previously saved reference efficiency curve can be loaded from file by clicking Load curve from file button page 21 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Entering the curve data First experimental points data must be entered the number of points and appropriate number of energy efficiency pairs The entered points will be automatically drawn on the log log diagram in the right hand part of the window Experimental points can be easily transferred from another application simply by copying the values and pasting it using the Paste values from Clipboard button t44 The reference efficiency curve represents the curve fitted through the experimental points In order to have the best fit possible the interpolation can be divided into intervals with different polynomial orders It is possible to use zero value for polynomial order In this case experimental points will be connected with non interpolated line TEEI The intervals
22. e Help Figure 21 Calculation precision dialog page 30 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Dimensions ANGLE supports both centimeters and inches as dimension units Switching between these two dimension units can be done by clicking on the All dimensions are in option in the Other group of the main window of ANGLE page 31 of 46 Calculations Calculations can be performed after defining all requested input parameters from 5 main groups i e e selecting appropriate detector container and geometry from the lists e defining the source and e all information in Other group Calculations from current data are performed by choosing the appropriate option from the Calculations main menu group Figure 22 rce Other Calculations Help BS M 0 q sv CQ From View files output Start Output Figure 22 Starting the calculation Before calculations start ANGLE checks all input values for possible incompatibilities If there is one or more incompatibilities in input parameters such as container not compatible with the detector for example when using well detector with Marinelli container the error message will be shown and calculations will not be performed Figure 23 page 32 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Input Error v Please check input parameters Container is not compatible with the detector Reference efficiency curve container cannot fit into detector well
23. er example 2 Source MALE espresso Figure 15 Defining reference container One REC per detector is enough in principle It is recommended to construct it by counting a number of calibrated point sources at a large distance from the detector e g 20 30 cm avoiding true coincidences and matrix effects Also absolutely calibrated point sources are often certified to better accuracy than voluminous ones It is generally more prudent to use several single nuclide sources than a single multi nuclide one However in order to additionally exploit the ET error com pensation effect one might consider constructing more RECs for the same detector For instance the same point source s counted at large distance could also be counted on the detector top yielding another REC Calibrated cylindrical and Marinelli sources could produce additional RECs During exploitation choosing a REC geometry similar to the actual sample geometry should eventually produce better more accurate results due to larger ET error compensation page 23 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Importing curve from ORTEC GammaVision The reference efficiency curve can also be imported directly from ORTEC s GammavVision 32 software by clicking the Import from GammaVision button GammavVision files that can be imported into ANGLE have EFT extension bbdd page 24 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Defining custom materials Whenever a material is to be chosen
24. he detector crystal e End cap window data for the end cap window if any e Antimicrophonic shield data for the antimicrophonic shield if any e End cap detector end cap data e Vacuum data about the vacuum between the end cap and detector crystal e Housing detector housing data At the right hand side of the window schematic drawing is shown representing the data which is currently entered While entering the dimensions a red dimension line is showed on the illustration indicating the required dimension Figure 6 New detector Detector End cap window Antimicrophonic shield End cap Vacuum Housing Detector name 5CD317 Detector type closed end coaxial HPGe x Detector height hs 000 Detector radius 2 48 Bulletizing radius 0 none Core top type Rounded Flat Core height a Core radius ji Inactive Ge top thickness a Inactive Ge side thickness li ssid Contact top thickness ji iss Contact side thickness Contact material 0 0 Contact pin radius Pi Contact pin material El Detector description OK Cancel e Help Figure 6 Detector data entry 2 This group does not exist for well type detectors page 12 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide By pressing Enter key while cursor is in the last field of one group tab e g Contact pin material field in the Detector A tab the nex
25. in principle It is recommended to construct it by counting a number of calibrated point sources at a large distance from the detector e g 20 30 cm avoiding true coincidences and matrix effects Also absolutely calibrated point sources are often certified to better accuracy than voluminous ones It is generally more prudent to use several single nuclide sources than a single multi nuclide one However in order to additionally exploit the ET error compensation effect one might consider constructing more RECs for the same detector For instance the same point source s counted at large distance could also be counted on the detector top yielding another REC Calibrated cylindrical and Marinelli sources could produce additional RECs In ideal case using any of several RECs in amp calculations would produce the same result for the actual sample i e result should be independent on the choice of REC Given the fact all input data detector source geometry are inaccurate to some extent choosing a likely REC for the actual sample geometry should eventually produce better more accurate results due to larger ET error compensation In other words if the REC sample geometry is closer to the actual sample results are likely to be better This in itself is a measure of the accuracy of the various sample and detector page 5 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 parameter choices if two RECs produce results which are close the implicat
26. ion e geometrical and compositional data about the source detector and all intercepting layers for the latter e g source container and holder detector end cap and housing dead layers etc and e gamma attenuation coefficients for all materials involved normally a data file in the computer program page 4 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Software ANGLE software is computer program which performs these calculations In its various forms ANGLE has been in use for 15 years now in numerous gamma spectrometry based analytical laboratories worldwide The program can be applied to practically all situations encountered in gamma laboratory practice point disc cylindrical or Marinelli samples small and large of any matrix composition No standards ate required but a start up reference efficiency curve REC should be obtained once for ever by measuring a calibrated source at some reference counting geometry Calibration sources should cover gamma energy region of analytical interest e g 50 3000keV It is suggested that calibrated sources with low certified uncertainties not exceeding 1 5 2 5 are used to obtain as many calibration points efficiencies vs gamma energies as possible for the energy range mentioned This non negligible initial effort is largely paid back in future exploitation since well accurate reference efficiency curve is the basis for accurate ANGLE application One REC per detector is enough
27. ion Efficiency Current Table 8 4969E 001 9 Pairs 122 0700 keV Delete Entry Enter Calc Merge Save EnergylkeV NER Interpolative x Efficiency 1850E 001 a mo at 0 0 0000 5050E 001 5050E 001 2129E 001 2129E 001 cagar nni cacar nn Library a ORTEC 12 05 39 PM Mon 11 10 2008 Marker 218 122 16 keV 47 943 Cnts Effic 0 849688 18 Nuclide Peaks 2 Unknown Peaks Figure 38 Efficiency calibration graph table and dialog B Efficiency Table Efficiency Calibration Efficiency 5 EJ Move Current Table 59 54 2 7357E 002 2 7356E 002 88 03 4 3068E 002 4 3082E 002 x Giss AINE4 8 Pairs 149 20 4 7182E 002 4 7100E 002 Saah 250 00 3 5719E 002 3 5866E 002 A 450 00 2 1661E 002 2 1586E 002 ofj y Te 700 00 1 4683E 002 1 4643E 002 e lt 1200 00 9 2785E 003 9 3481E 003 mrane 7 3545E 003 7 3256E 003 0 Edit File Polynomial Figure 39 Destroy the existing efficiency calibration if one exists The Interpolative calibration fit type will be displayed To change the fit type select from the Above droplist in the Mode section of the Efficiency Calibration dialog When the desired calibration results are obtained click on the dialog s upper right Close X box Finally save this calibration to disk by selecting Calibrate Save Calibration Fig 40 from
28. ion is that both sample geometry and detector are well characterized ANGLE 3 allows multiple RECs to be employed for a given detector so that varying of REC can be one of the elements in the optimization of gamma spectrometry analytical procedure In short ANGLE software is characterized by e broad application range covering the vast majority of situations encountered in gamma spectrometry practice e high accuracy uncertainties of calculated detector efficiencies are of the order of a few percent usually less than from other uncertainty sources in the measurement based upon the concept of the ET and effective solid angle calculations e easy data manipulation with friendly and intuitive graphical user interface e short computation times of the order of seconds on standard PCs normaly not more than a minute even for the most complex calculations e flexibility in respect with changing input parameters which enables easy estimation of the impact of a particular parameter on the detection efficiency and related to this e teaching training aspect e g in gamma spectrometry courses since practically all parameters characterizing the detection process are found therein systematically grouped and easy to follow and understand e no need for factory characterization of the detector ANGLE can be used with any HPGE detector when necessary the detector performance is easily re validated without intervention fr
29. ion key 7ESQ G5SW MG7F LQOW Registration number Figure 35 Registration number entry We suggest you copy the received registration number and paste it to the appropriate field in order to avoid typing mistakes vids Registration information can be copied to Clipboard by clicking the Copy to Clipboard button and pasted to other application e g text editor This can be convenient when sending the registration information from another computer page 43 of 46 Updating ANGLE ANGLE has built in automatic updating function To check if there is an update for ANGLE available choose the Check For Updates option from the Help main menu item Figure 36 Calculations Help e leg v6 Help About contents ANGLE About Help Updates Figure 36 Update menu item To be able to check for updates and to download them the computer must be connected to the Internet yida ANGLE update dialog will be displayed Figure 37 By clicking on Check for updates button ANGLE will contact the update server over the Internet and check if there are updates available If yes updates will be automatically downloaded and installed page 44 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide r Check for updates a IT Automatic update Cancel eS Help Checking for updates Figure 37 The update dialog Security software such as antivirus or firewall may interfere and
30. is to be used instead Additional intercepting layers between the detector and the source are for instance thin protective plastic foils Maximal number of additional intercepting layers that can be entered is five Every additional intercepting layer is defined by its top and side thickness and material Figure 10 page 17 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 6 rs TE HET Geometry Additional intercepting layers Number of additional intercepting layers 2 Additional intercepting layers 1 2 Top thickness 2 001 Side thickness 2 001 Intercepting layer material FR Geometry description OK Cancel amp Help Figure 10 Additional intercepting layers entry page 18 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Source data entry The source is defined by its height radius and material Height and radius can be changed by simply clicking the appropriate option in Source group in the main ANGLE window and entering the new value Figure 11 Source Source height 5 3 v Source material Water Figure 11 Changing the source height Source height can be equal to zero disk sources Also both source height and radius can be equal to zero in case of point sources When one container is selected the source radius parameter automatically changes to its inner radius but this value can be changed manually in case of cylindrical or no container This way the source with smaller radius
31. ly for end cap top and side If end cap window and or antimicrophonic shield exist i e if the check boxes are checked in appropriate groups the additional fields will be displayed so their dimensions and materials can be defined page 13 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Depending on whether antimicrophonic shield exists or not the number of fields needed to be entered under Vacuum tab will be different bbdd page 14 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Container data entry Similar to the detector data entry there are two different container types e Cylindrical e Marinelli Depending on the container type chosen the number of data fields to be entered will vary Fields for cylindrical container type are shown on Figure 8 New container S Container Container coatings Container name Pill box Container type cylindrical o id Container inside radius 5 34 i C Container bottom thickness Container wall thickness Container Foot height Container material X Container description OK Cancel p Help Figure 8 Container data entry If the source is not in a container e g stand alone pill sources then container data do not have to be entered No container option is to be used instead bhdl The first tab contains the information about the container itself while the second tab contains the information about container coating layers Up to two coating l
32. ng more information can be recognized by info button at the right hand side Also the cursor changes its shape to a pointed hand when moving over these parameters Figure 26 bhday X Calculated values are shown in the lower part of the window in form of a table Values for effective solid angle Q y and efficiency Ep are shown for each energy from the given energy set The values will be calculated only if the reference efficiency curve is defined Otherwise only Q ey values are calculated s d4 Output results can be copied to clibboard by clicking the Copy to clipboard button so they can be pasted to some other program for example to spreadsheet or word processor application Calculation results can be reviewed anytime later By choosing the View Output option from the Calculation main menu Figure 27 output files can be selected and appropriate results will be displayed Figure 27 rce Other Calculations Help q gt O C gt From From current data files Start Output tes A a Figure 27 Viewing output files It is possible to select more than output file Figure 28 page 35 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 r e Output files Look in J Output files e a Ear _ Test OLout l Test 07 out _ Test 02 out _J Test 08 0ut Test 03 0ut Test 09 out _ Test 04 0ut eV Test 10 out i _ Test 05 0ut L Test LLout _ Test 06 0ut File name Test
33. not allow ANGLE to update Please contact your system g administrator to resolve this issue phday By checking the Automatic update check box ANGLE will automatically check for updates on every program start page 45 of 46 References S Jovanovic A Dlabac N Mihaljevic Article in Press Nucl Instr and Methods A 2010 doi 10 1016 j nima 2010 02 058 S Jovanovic A Dlabac N Mihaljevic P Vukotic J Radioanal Nucl Chem 218 1997 13 L Moens J De Donder Lin Xilei F De Corte A De Wispelaere A Simonits H Hoste Nucl Instr Meth 187 1981 451 N Mihaljevic S Jovanovic F De Corte B Smodis R Jacimovic G Medin A De Wispelaere P Vukoti P Stegnar J Radioanal Nucl Chem Articles 169 1993 209 F De Corte S M Hossain S Jovanovic A Dlabac A De Wispelaere D Vandenberghe P Van Den Haute J Radioanal Nucl Chem 257 3 2003 551 T Vidmar N Celik N Cornejo Diaz A Dlabac I O B Ewa J A Carrazana Gonzalez M Hult S Jovanovic M C Lepy N Mihaljevic O Sima F Tzika M Jurado Vargas T Vasilopoulou G Vidmar Appl Rad Isot 68 2010 355 P Vukotic N Mihaljevic S Jovanovic S Dapcevic F Boreli J Radioanal Nucl Chem 218 1997 21 K Abbas F Simonelli F D Alberti M Forte M F Stroosnijder Appl Rad Isot 56 2002 703 page 46 of 46 Appendix A Creating GammavVision 32 Calibration CLB Files These instru
34. om the vendor e possibility to expand so as to meet changing users counting conditions requirements e possibility to accommodate other ET methods for efficiency calculations 1 Subject to request to the developers page 6 of 46 Built in help system At any moment an in built help system is available by simply pressing the F1 key The Help System is context sensitive meaning that the help provided by the system is dependent on the specific action being performed at the specific time help is requested E g by pressing F1 key while entering detector data help for detector data entry will be displayed Help contents can be displayed by choosing the ANGLE main menu option Help and then option Help contents Figure 1 Calculations Help od v6 Check for About updates ANGLE Help Updates About Figure 1 Help contents menu item page 7 of 46 Data entry In order to perform calculations with ANGLE parameters for the specific measurement must be defined The Basic process starts with entry of the data defining the detector container and geometry used for calculation All information is logically divided into one of five groups Detector contains information about all detectors defined in ANGLE Each detector is represented with its name and description Detector images in the left hand part of the list represent one of six possible detector types Container contains information
35. rinciple three approaches to this issue relative absolute and semi empirical Relative method is more accurate but less flexible to changing experimental conditions while absolute ones e g Monte Carlo are beautifully exact and flexible but often too demanding when extent and accuracy of required input data are concerned Semi empirical approach takes advantage of positive attributes of both relative and absolute methodologies simultaneously minimizing their drawbacks This comes to the determination of full energy peak efficiency p an energy dependent characteristic of the detector for the given counting arrangement Semi empitical methods commonly consist of two parts experimental producing one kind or another of reference efficiency characteristic of the detector and relative to this calculation of sp Inflexibility of the relative method is avoided in this way as well as the demand for many physical parameters needed in absolute calculations Numerous variations exist within semi empirical approach with emphases either to the experimental or to the computational part It is important to note that only simultaneous differential treatment of e gamma attenuation e counting geometry and e detector response page 3 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 is essentially justified Attempting to separately calculating these three physical phenomena generally leads to over simplifications which further require complex corrections
36. t group tab will be displayed automatically so data entry can be continued without the need to select the next tab and data field In other words pressing Enter key after each data entry is the easiest way to continue entering and or editing bbdd Materials i e material chemical composition can be chosen from the appropriate drop down list Figure 7 In the drop down list the most common materials for the given items are shown for example common materials for Contact material is gold but it may also be aluminum or something else Contact material Aluminium x Contact pin radius ao Something else Contact pin material Figure 7 Choosing the material If the desired material cannot be found on the list clicking on Something else any other material can be defined More about the entering of new materials later in the Defining custom materials section Real numbers can be entered in exponential form as well For example 5 43 10 can be entered in two ways as jr 0 00543 or 5 43E 3 This is very useful when entering very small numbers for example 1E 7 1 107 which is more convenient than 0 0000001 v d4 The end cap tab contains besides the information about detector end cap thicknesses and material information about end cap coating layers if any Up to two coating layers are supported Each coating layer can be of different material and its thicknesses can be defined separate
37. than container inner radius can be defined e g pill sources If a Marinelli container is selected source radius cannot be entered changed it is equal to the container inner radius phaay Source material can be changed by clicking Source material label and choosing adequate option from pop up menu Figure 12 For more details see Defining custom materials section Source Source height Source radius Source material Water Other Plastic N Glass Energies Reference efficiency curve Calculation precision Something else Calcium carbonate Figure 12 Choosing the source material page 19 of 46 User Guide ANGLE 3 Reference efficiency curves The key thing for efficiency calculations is the reference efficiency curve REC By clicking the Reference efficiency curve option in the Other group of the main ANGLE window the pop up menu will appear Figure 13 Other Energies Energy example Reference efficiency curve Curve example Gauss coefficient order 20 All dimensions are in None Centimeters Figure 13 Reference efficiency curve pop up menu options Obtaining reliable reference efficiency curve is crucial for successful ANGLE utilization all ANGLE results for a given detector will be relative to REC with error propagation factor 1 that is to say 100 of the uncertainty in the REC is added in quadrature to the other sources of uncertainty hdd
38. ulation a set of energies must be defined Set of energies represent chosen gamma energies at which ANGLE will calculate effective solid angles and full energy peak efficiencies which is the ultimate goal of the software By clicking Energies option from the Other group the energy set dialog will be shown Figure 19 Energies ES Number of energies Energy ke 10 88 03 122 06 165 85 255 07 279 19 320 08 391 69 661 66 1115 5 1836 08 Energy set name Energy set 1 B New set EF Load energies from file 23 Copy to Clipboard G Paste from Clipboard OK Cancel Help Figure 19 Defining the energy set The dialog will automatically display the current energy set The user can change the set enter a completely new set or load a previously saved set from disk When entering a new set of energies the user should click on a New set button Then the number of energies has to be entered and energies in kel Finally an energy set name should be assigned The whole energy set can be copied or pasted from Clipboard using Copy to Clipboard and Paste from Clipboard buttons respectively After clicking the OK button the user will be prompted if the energy set should be saved to a file for future use page 28 of 46 ANGLE 3 User Guide Loading already saved energy set Similar to material loading there is a Load energies from file button After
39. with limited success This fact is transformed into the concept of the effective solid angle Q a calculated value incorporating the three components and closely related to the detection efficiency Assuming that the virtual peak to total ratio is an intrinsic characteristic of the detector crystal depending on gamma energy only leads to amp being proportional to 2 The detection efficiency is then found as Ep Epy Q Q ra which is further the basis of the efficiency transfer principle Efficiency transfer factor ET is thus the ratio of the actual to reference efficiency at a given gamma energy The ET approach is extremely useful offering e practically unlimited flexibility in sample type and size matrix composition detector choice and source detector counting arrangement and e cancelling out much of the impact of input data uncertainties especially those of the detector on final calculation result This implicit latter ET error compensation gives to ET an important advantage over purely mathematical Monte Carlo efficiency calculation approaches Therefore in order to apply this method the following should be known e reference efficiency curve usually obtained by counting calibrated source s at reference geometry ies and covering gamma energies in the region of interest some effort should be put in this phase to reach accurate amp vs E function but it pays off in further exploitat
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