Robotics Learning Center Milling Machine
Contents
1. l Text String Place text here S S Ga Free Custom Properties Layer selects the layer the text will be milled Reference Designator C Package Name to C Component Value C Footprint Name Text location Mirrored selects whether the text will appear Line Width i Text Heigh f backwards or not This option is necessary if eae m n Si z text is placed on the bottom e eee Mirrored The text can always be edited after placing it m by double clicking on it which brings up the Text Edit window J Help Cancel 3 Creating a Circuit using OrCAD Schematic Capture 3 1 a b c d Build the Schematic To start Capture CIS click on the desktop icon OR go to the directory D Cadence Psd_14 0 Capture and run Capture Capture CTS To start a new design go to File gt New gt Project OR click H the new icon New Projec In the New Project dialog box that pops up give your project a unique Name and Location making sure that the Schematic radio button is selected When you are satisfied click the OK button to initialize the new project and open a blank n mea schematic Fe cad Se F ee Name Create a New Project Using ax re C Analog or Mixed A D Fhannecrne Libia With your schematic sheet open parts can now be added Use the Add Part button to bring up the Place Part dialog box In the event that no libraries appear in the2. helpful to have the OrCAD Layout Footprint Libraries book which shows almost all of the footprints in true size d When placing the part on the layout window it will appear hollow and will follow e the cursor In this state the key r will rotate the part in 90 degree increments Also the part will snap to the common 0 100 spacing To disable the Design a Check Rule which can substantially limit the working area depress the DRC icon shown on the right as pressed enabled After the part is placed it can still be moved by simply clicking on it If the part is double clicked the Add Element dialog will appear again and the X and Y coordinates and the rotation can be manually changed 2 4 Connecting Pins a b c d When all of the components have been placed the pins can be connected Although the pins can be connected before all the parts have been placed it is somewhat easier to do after To connect the pins go to Tool gt Connection gt Select or click on the following E icon Click on the pin to connect from and a yellow line will follow the cursor Then click on the pin to connect to and the Modify Nets dialog will appear giving the connection name OrCAD calls the connections nets these can be viewed in a spreadsheet if the main editing window is minimized or by selecting View gt Database spreadsheets gt Nets The above figure shows the connection between pin of one component and
3. to get going and mill a board just scratching the surface of what can be done Figure 1 shows a brief overview of the complete process This manual provides some information crucial to the proper operation of expensive department machinery and extreme care should be taken in order to avoid any mistakes Please read the entire manual before attempting milling if nothing else AT LEAST read the final section on milling machine operation If at anytime throughout the process unexplainable uncertainties or errors occur consult the Help files in the appropriate application the Internet the complete LPKF Milling machine manuals or one of the professors managing the milling machine Unless you are properly trained do not attempt to fix equipment on your own Original OrCAD Design 3 Capture OrCAD Circuit Board Layout Cam Master Milling Machine Figure 1 Circuit design process 2 OrCAD Layout OrCAD Layout is responsible for setting the component footprints and connecting the correct pins When all of the pins have been connected the board can be routed which means generating the physical traces After the traces have been drawn the necessary layers can be exported as Gerber files to be sent to CircuitCAM There are a few important things to keep in mind during this process First be sure to know ahead of time exactly what parts you will be using and what packages will contain the parts The physical layout of the p
4. you will have all of you parts available on your main design window 3 4 Auto routing There are two methods of routing nets automatically using the Auto Route function or manually using a set of routing tools provided by Layout These methods apply to somewhat different situations Auto routing can be extremely useful and can save a lot of time for smaller circuits But for large or tightly packed circuits the Auto route function may not be able to produce practical results In this case manual routing will have to be used for at least some portions of the design Manual routing is much more complicated for obvious reasons and is beyond the scope of this document Refer to the Layout Help menu for information or a quick search on Google or Yahoo for examples and guidance a After all nets have been placed the board can be auto routed This can sometimes be a long process with many design changes Since Layout creates the physical traces automatically sometime it cannot figure out the best way to place a trace and thus gives up The only way to counter this is to moves some of the footprints around until the board actually auto routes b To auto route go to Auto gt Auto route gt Board and Layout will create all of the physical traces c To unroute the board in the case of a design change or added component go to Auto gt Unroute gt Board Note If you forgot to set the net layers on all your parts or want t
5. a name and click OK The import will begin called the Automatic ECO Utility It imports the footprints for the parts contained in the schematic and associates properties as necessary Most likely there will be parts that ECO cannot find footprints for this is normal A pop up dialog will ask how to handle this Since the packaging information is on hand you did remember to do this didn t you select Link existing footprint to component and browse through the footprint library to find the footprint you need for the part it is asking about If you cannot find an appropriate package you will need to make one Click Create or modify footprint library to make your part by all means see the Help files in Layout for information on how to do this Be patient as this process may take a significant amount of time File A original design file E DEV GARMIN UNIT V 1 TEST MAX File B new netlist EXDEV GARMIN UNIT 1 GARMIN MNL Report file E DEV GARMIN UNIT 1 TEST LIS Error file E DEV GARMIN_LINIT Y TEST ERR Reading File B comple Extracting footprints cc Mapping components AutoECO cannot find a footprint for component R1 Merging components from part name R Please choose one of the options below Link existing footprint to component Create or modify footprint library Defer remaining edits until completion OK Help Cancel g Once your design has been completely imported
6. is to mill with a greater chance of error Try to get the width as large as possible and if the board cannot be auto routed even after components have been moved try decreasing the width A width of 25 is good to start with Another consideration for connection width is the current carrying capacity with larger width connections being able to carry more current since more copper present in the trace Through experience a connection width of 50 carried 1 5 Amps with little difficulty h While still in the Edit Net dialog the layers available for the connection must also be designated Do so by clicking on the Net Layers button and choose the available layers If a one sided copper board is being used then only select Bottom Layer Conversely if a two sided copper board is being used then select Top and Bottom Layer 2 5 Placing Text a b c Placing text next to connections is often very helpful since it can designate signal names voltage polarity as well as many other things Upon milling the text will show as if one was looking down to the top of the board so if text will appear on the bottom of the board it will have to look backwards in the main window To place text go to Tool gt Text gt New or click on the following T icon Then right click on the desktop and select new and the following window will appear Text Edit x Note Text 28 Test String is where the text to be placedis
7. m If there is text to be milled on the top layer remove all the tape from the copper board and flip it over After the board is flipped then tape it down again just as before and select the MillingTop option in BoardMaster Select the traces just as before and click Start
8. tape Try to have the boards as tight as can be to the milling machine surface The taped boards are shown in the following diagram ye i _ Shee em al Before starting to mill move the milling head E Ae S aE ee around the milling area to establish a Tapedarea perimeter so that none of the taped area is milled Usually it is helpful to mark the Working area extremities of the area with ONE LMD files gt esses so the actual design is milled correctly The perimeter is shown as the taped area in the figure to the right G Before milling an ONE LMD select the MillingBottom option in BoardMaster and select the trace using the select trace tool After the perimeter is found insert the 1 8 universal cutter into the milling machine head The universal cutters have a green tube protecting the actual milling tip Insert the universal cutter far enough so that just a small amount of the tip protrudes below the milling head as shown to the right To hold the universal cutter in place insert the set screw and tighten it in ensuring no to over tighten it Then select one of the ONE LMD traces for milling and start the process After the milling is complete check to make sure that the traces are fully milled If there is still copper in the areas that are supposed to be empty use the dial just above the head to move the tip down approximately 5 clicks repeating the process after the adjustme
9. traces have been selected use the Start Alle A tool to initiate the actual milling The Start tool along Aah with the and All tools are shown in the figure to the All top right 6 Milling Machine Operation The final step in the milling process is the physical milling of the board The LPKF milling machine is controlled through BoardMaster so this section will include a lot of review on BoardMaster Before you start a few important notes The Depth limiter of the milling machine is not a turn limited device In fact it will not stop you from unscrewing the entire assembly from the milling arm So to avoid a very nasty surprise during milling be sure to twist the depth limiter dial Just above the milling head as far up as possible before you begin Also be sure to turn the vacuum off before changing bits the vacuum is easily powerful enough to suck the small set screw off the end of the hex wrench a b c Caution Never start the milling process without the vacuum on To start turn the machine on and use the move head tool in ma BoardMaster to position the head back enough to got to the white board that is resting on top on the milling machine surface Take the white board off of the milling machine surface and lay it on the one sided copper board This white board will act as the template for the copper board so it will fit on the milling machine surface as well as provide the backing for the copper b
10. Ip160 Dr _Ip200 E Files of type Template tol teh Cancel d In the next dialog box click on Cancel This window asks for the Netlist Source file that can be generated from OrCAD Capture which is not used here e This will get you into the default window in which one can place components connect the necessary pins and auto route the board 2 3 Place Components a First go to Tool gt Component gt New OR click on the component icon After clicking on the icon right click on the desktop and select b New The Add Component dialog box appears Note Reference designator is the unique part number Footprint is where the part footprints are selected Location gives the X Y and rotation of the part 100 units in the X and Y correspond to the common 0 100 spacing found on bread boards and DIPs Ee Add Component Ea Reference Designator a Part Type fo Yalue fo Footprint F Location x fo Y fo Rotation fo Group fo Cluster ID Component flags l Fixed I Locked l Key l Non Electric M Route Enabled l Do Not Rename Help Cancel c To select a footprint click on RiahGagainiie Libraries the footprint button and the following dialog will appear FF A _ Add Simply select the library and SIMMOSOF _ footprint for the needed part SIMM100F z _Bemove Then press OK Eootprinte When selecting footprints itis
11. Libraries list click on the Add Library button highlight all available olb files in the Browse File dialog and click Open e Now in the Part text box enter the first few letters of the part name and browse through the Part List to find the necessary part Click OK f Place the part by clicking on the schematic to add an instance of the part When you are finished right click and select End Mode g Power sources and other parts can be added by repeatedly accessing the Add Part button or the Place Power or Place Ground buttons in a similar fashion h Edit the part properties to change part values i e resistance capacitance voltage part identifier as necessary 1 Wire the parts using the Place Wire or Net Alias or Place Bus buttons as necessary see the Help menu in Capture for more information A completed example is shown below 3 2 Annotating and DRC Check Annotating the schematic updates the variable names of each component set to ensure unique part identification for every instance on the schematic In other words it prevents you from accidentally having two resistors labeled R by appending a unique number to the end of the name R and R gt R1 and R2 The DRC check will check to make sure you have all pins on your schematic wired properly i e that you haven t accidentally connected a VCC pin to GND or wired two input pins together a To use these functions restore down or mini
12. Robotics Learning Center Milling Machine Operation Manual Ken Gruel Dr Massood Atashbar Ryan Lucio Justin Vince and Dr Damon A Miller contact d a miller ieee org August 2005 edition We use OrCAD software http www orcad com and equipment and software from LPKF http www lpkf com index htm for our PCB projects Copyright 2005 Damon A Miller This material may be reproduced for educational non profit purposes provided that 1 Credit is given to the authors 2 Support of the National Science Foundation is acknowledged by including the following text This manual is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No 0088158 Any opinions findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation 3 This material must not be modified in any fashion and must be distributed in its entirety No warranty on this material is expressed or implied Use at your own risk Table of Contents Me OVEN iach a se ca sop cscs E en oe Gees eee een eee 2 Dre OC ADO Biy OU aea E E E E I 3 21 Creating a Circuit usine Lavola e EE 3 DD Makea new Dosil inesann sernctee hc eared trmiea 3 2 3 Place COMmMPpPOneits uassi E A ucticautaledantatetea hvala teads 4 2 4 COMME CH PIN e A A 5 29 PEREST OX ay haere sata a Rescate E Semon er an ionce eens tones 7 3 Creating a Circuit using OrCcAD Schematic Cap
13. ackage may be needed during the design process in order to create a footprint for a part that is not currently stored in the Layout parts database Also be sure to note the metric or standard measurements for your packages Layout has a relatively extensive part database and using the wrong measurements will obviously invalidate your design Most importantly though WHEN YOU ARE CONFUSED USE THE HELP SYSTEM This cannot be stressed enough the OrCAD help libraries are very very helpful if you are willing to take the time to review them 2 1 Creating a Circuit using Layout 2 2 Make a new Design za a To start Layout click on the desktop icon shown to the right OR go to the directory D Cadence Psd_14 0 Layout_Plus and run Layout b To start a new design go to File gt New OR click the new icon T c In the dialog box that appears select the Default TCH template which can be found in the D Cadence Psd_14 0 Layout_Plus Data directory and click Open the rest of the template files are for layouts with predefined borders on different sizes of paper Load Template File Look im Oh tol a Bc tpl Ahe tpl C tpl FID Avy tp la CadStar tch Dim_cpt 28 tpl a Av tpl Ce tpl Orm_op 36 tpl a Avec tpl Ceramic tch a Om _ cpl 44 tol B tpl la D tpl Dim_cp1 60 tpl File name Default tch J Data a8 Dm_cep0l a Dm p128 Drm _Ip13E a Dm p144 Dm _
14. d insulated board 5 BoardMaster The final program in the chain is BoardMaster This program takes the LMD file created in CircuitCAM and uses it to control the milling machine operation a b c d e To import the LMD file go to File gt Import gt LMD LPR then choose the file that was created in CircuitCAM Itis also a good idea to import a file called ONE LMD as shown to the right which is used to test the milling depth before the actual design is milled Select the layer that is going tobe Jam gow Hep milled through the following Ha a 2a ss th window MillingBottom and MillingTop are for milling the S 1 MarkingDrill bottom and top layer respectively AE RE For the drilling use the _3 DrillingUnplated DrillingPlated option 4 MillingBottom Milling op Cuttinglnside CuttingOutside DrillingBacking Dispense 10 Yacuum Use the following tools to Move the milling machine head move an imported file copy an imported file select complete traces to be milled select partial traces to be milled and zoom in all in reference to the figure below fe 0h To add a trace to be milled use the select complete trace tool and select the appropriate area Then use the tool to add the trace turning the trace light green as shown to the right Selecting the All tool will select every trace in the working area Once the desired
15. it type English or Metric You can now begin creating the pin layout of the footprint The pin layout works on an XY coordinate system for this reason it s helpful to have the manufacturer dimensioned pin layout often found in a component user manual The program will place the first pin at coordinates 0 0 and the name plate text EE z n n al SE 6240 Tani a TF At this point additional pins can be placed by selecting the pin icon D After creating a new pin place it in the general region of its final destination After the point is initially placed final placement can be made by holding the SHIFT key down and left clicking the desired pin The pin will appear white next right click on the pin and select properties In the window the pin s exact XY coordinates can be entered to reposition the pin Footprint RELAY One Pad Pad Name 2 Pad X 5 5 Y 17 2 Padstack Name T1 Local x Pad Entry Exit Rule Additional Rules Standard Allow via under pad C Any Direction Preferred Thermal Relief C Long End Only Forced Thermal Relief Help Cancel After the pins are in their correct locations the final step is to add a border line to the foot print which gives the footprint a dividing line between the other parts in the layout The first step is to select the Global Layer from the pull down menu ere a The Global layer allows the border to be viewed in the layout file without milli
16. mize your schematic sheet and select your project name on the project files window your project name will be dsn This allows the project Tools menu to be used b The Annotate function can be accessed by going to Tools gt Annotate and brings up the Annotate Update entre desin i Update selection dialog box T T Incremental reference update C Reset part references to c Select the scope of Update entire design and the C Addit Renee action of Incremental reference update see the Help Node C Update Occurrences menu for more information on the use of these and pte renee refered other options Click OK to update the design PhwigalPackacina d The DRC check can be accessed by going to Tools gt _ Resueisenee runbat begn sit insch psn Design Rules Check and brings up the Design ee Rules Check dialog box The default selections should be adequate but be sure to review them before selecting OK e 3 3 Any errors will be displayed in a new window Fix them and re run the check to make sure all errors have been removed esign Design Foes Check EFWE Matri Soon Check erite dean Chock pel Ayton Check design idei I Debts aarti DRC mak t Fegan Crate DAC makai bor aragi Check higreechical port connectors e Check unconnected nett Check offjpage connect connections Check SOT compstibility D Repl airia pao eedemeracrcs I Repl otg nels fe Pepot inaid p
17. ng it The border is made by selecting the Obstacle tool from the tool bar La When the footprint is completed select save which will require the creation of a new library or the selection of an existing library Now the footprint can be used in the creation of a layout file the same as any other footprint is selected 4 CircuitCAM CircuitCAM is the program responsible for translating the files created in Layout into something BoardMaster can use for the milling operation 4 1 a b c Importing the Gerber files To start CircuitCAM go to D Lpkf40 Ccam Cam exe or double click on the following desktop icon Once in CircuitCAM import the needed files by going to File gt Import or by clicking on the follow icon and going to the directory where the Layout project was saved Choose either the top or bottom layer to import first which will be designated by a TOP or BOT file extension respectively Once the file is chosen the following window will appear Import D KenGruel MILLING MACHINE EXAMPLE TOP x Note i File Type E Layer is where the imported Layer Bottom ayer layer type is designated such Aperture List GerberDefaut as TopLayer or BottomLayer values T aa a Absolute C mm Digits m n must be 3 and 4 A e ny 28 3083 mm for all imported files Decimal Position PREE Preview is used to double Ple EE Trailing Zeros presen
18. nt Continue until the correct depth is set As arule of thumb it is better to start out shallow due to the ease at which these bits break A correctly milled ONE LMD is shown below 1 After the correct depth has been set the final design can be milled Mill the final design just as the ONE LMD selecting the other design As a reminder never operate the milling machine without the vacuum system on J After the traces for the final design are completed move the milling machine head and change out the universal cutter with the 1 0mm drill bit Place the drill bit at an adequate depth so the bit will pass completely through the copper and somewhat through the white board This can be checked by inserting the drill bit and pressing down on the top of the milling machine head VACUUM SYS1 IS SWITCHEL DOWN k Ne Select the DrillingPlated option in BoardMaster and then select all of the drill holes using the select trace tool Then click the start button in BoardMaster to start4 the drilling Again only operate the machine with the vacuum system on During the drilling process BoardMaster may ask for different size tool such as a 0 8mm or 1 2mm drill bit but just keep using the 1 0mm bit If BoardMaster asks for a contour router cancel the drilling process because the 1 0mm bit will break if it is used as a contour router 1 After the drilling is done cut out the final design and the process is complete
19. o auto route a design that was imported from OrCAD Capture you can go to Options gt Route Strategies gt Route Layers and enable only the layers you want to the auto route to run connections on 3 5 Creating Gerber Files a To create the Gerber files needed in CircuitCAM go to Options gt Post Process Settings and the following spreadsheet will appear Post Process esse MM Post Process Torx Plot Title b To create the necessary file select the appropriate layer right click and select Run Batch After the batch has run the Gerber file is created in addition to the drill hole file which is need for the drilling the holes for the component pins c Fora one sided copper board the bottom layer only needs to be created If there is text that will appear on the top layer of a one sided board the top layer files must also be run After the files are created one can then import them into CircuitCAM 3 6 Creating a New Footprint If the footprint for a unique component is not in the available libraries it is possible to create a new footprint First open the Library Manager by clicking this icon til which will result in Be et jee Jot oot Dimi ep Ee SIE MAARN Qom eT ald So Ste alot x Yo uw Create New Footprint eae x Name of Footprint Units English C Metric OK Help Cancel ok Then select the Create New Footprint option and input a name and a un
20. oard during the drilling stage of the milling Lay the copper board on a stable surface and clamp the white board on top of it Then score the copper board by sliding a razor blade along the edge of the white board as shown in the figure to the right After scoring around the edge of the white board a ruler or other straight peace of wood can be used to score the entire length of the copper board After scoring the copper board on both sides line up the copper board along the edge of a table and press down If the scoring is deep enough the copper board should separate cleanly along the scored edge If the scoring is not deep enough there is a chance that the copper board will not separate properly An option to scoring the copper board is d e g h cutting it with a hacksaw after the outline of the white board is properly marked After the copper board has been cut out then re clamp the boards together and drill the aligning holes using a 1 8 drill bit Make sure not to move the board while drilling because 1f it is moved it will not line up when placed on the milling machine surface When the drilling is complete lay the two boards on the milling machine surface with the copper board on top of the white board copper side up Make sure that both boards are secured by the posts present on the milling machine surface Then tape all edges of the boards to the milling machine surface using packaging
21. pin 2 of a second component To disconnect a pin from a Net right click on the main window while the connection tool is selected and choose Disconnect Pin from the pop up menu In addition Delete in the menu will delete a connection If a connection is attached to more than one pin when deleted Layout will split the Net and ask for anew net name e When all of the nets have been placed their properties must be changed in the Nets spreadsheet which can be found my minimizing the main editing window or going to View gt Database spreadsheets gt Nets The following window shows the Nets spreadsheet The fg olx color of a connection can Net Width Routin Reconn ear hime car wn conos tated snare weign pate DEFAULT O O O Yes Yes NET_2 Ee NET_3 CE be changed by right clicking on the color coulomb and selection Change Color from the list f By double clicking Siik on one of the Nets NetName Ma listed such as Net Attributes NET_2 shown Routing Enabled Share Enabled l Highlight above the Edit Net M Retry Enabled W Shove Enabled Test Point dialog will be brought up OT fo pave low med high 1 Min Width fe Conn Width fe Max Width fa Net Layers Net Reconn Width By Layer Net Spacing Help Cancel g Min Width Conn Width and Max Width designate the actual milling width Asa rule of thumb the smaller the width the harder it
22. skagng O Tepot oll ret ramas Repat hisianchecal pari ard cll pane canranliii Recai Fie vien Dupa ic WGAFMIN UNIT GAM DAC Importing to Layout With the schematic completed and checked it is time to produce a net list that can be used to import the design into Layout a b c d e To use these functions restore down or minimize your schematic sheet and select your project name on the project files window your project name will be dsn This allows the project Tools menu to be used Go to Tools gt Create Netlist to bring up the Create Netlist dialog box Select the tab labeled Layout The default settings should be fine but be sure to observe the current values and change them as necessary for the design Click OK to build your net list The session log will reflect the processing and will reveal any errors that might occur See the Help menu for information on these errors When the net list creation is successfully completed the Layout application can be started Refer to the earlier section Creating a Circuit using Layout for more information on how to start Layout Create the new circuit by going File gt New and select DEFAULT TCH as indicated in the Creating a Circuit using Layout section However this time do not be canceling the Netlist dialog box Select the net list file mnl that is associated with your project and click OR In the Save File As dialog give your circuit
23. t Previ check that the correct file 1S Trailing and Leading Zeros present Preview C Decimal Point being imported F t m Digits m n Import actually imports the Boi a Cancel e file Apertures SE aa K D10 1 4732 mm D11 D 1 4732 mm When importing the px D12 1 3208 mm mm THRUHOLE tap file 1 27 mm 0 254 mm designate it as DrillPlated in the layer box 4 2 Isolating Text and creating the LMD file a Make sure the bit size of the router is correct for your corresponding milling bit To do this go to Config gt Job Configurations gt Insulate settings and verify that the default top bottom insulation bit size is 16mils b By default CircuitCAM will view text as traces to be Se ww H milled creating an outline around the text instead of an ponerse aice removing the material inside the text In order to DrillUnplated isolate the text select it and then designate it as Tectop TextTop or TextBottom accordingly in the following emcee window After the designation the text will change ER E A color light blue for the bottom layer and purple for SolderPasteBottom SilkScreenTop the top layer SilkScreenBottom c After the text has been isolated all the layers need to be insulated by using the following icon Ki d After the layers are insulated the LMD file used in BoardMaster can be created using the icon seen to the right e Below is an example of a completely imported an
24. ture 0 0 0 cccccccceceesesseeeeeeeeees 7 3 1 Bild fhe SchemalC ererat E dan tduaaudedubsasseadaenesinactendens 7 32 Annotaune amd DRE Chekereni e a 8 3 3 Maporma to Layou ee E ne et tntr rt trae ter ete 9 IE ATOTO ea Re ce ate UR et nL ec eine ns Ue en Ee eed 10 3 5 Creatine Gerber FIE Saia a a ee aoa aN 11 3 6 Credins a New FOOD cna er a A ENEAN 11 A COCE AM eeen a R 14 4 1 limiporting the Gerber Tesien T iinet teaieGlaWendeastaaies 14 4 2 Isolating Text and creating the LMD file sssssnnnnnesssssssseenssssssssserresssssssseerssssss 14 BS eR 1 67210 AY O a E E E a T E ae eee 16 0 Mihns Machine Operations asia a a db meiner ier win dated ehduaes 17 1 Overview This manual bridges the gap between the three main programs necessary for the operation of the LPKF milling machine and then gives an overview of the physical operation of the machine The first program in the process of milling is OrCAD Layout which is responsible for setting the footprints of the parts connecting the proper pins of the footprints generating a usable trace and then creating a portable version of the circuit layout Gerber files The second program in the process is CircuitCam which takes the Gerber files and turns them into a single LMD file The LMD file is then imported into the third program BoardMaster that is in charge of the actual milling operation All of the programs used in this process are very complex this manual gives just enough needed
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