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Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan - bgis

1. Other natural habitat Areas where no natural habitat remains A bioregional plan must contain amongst other things guidelines for land use planning and decision making linked to the features and categories on the map 1 3 How were CBAs identified the ECBCP The ECBCP developed two maps one showing terrestrial land based CBAs see Fig 2 and the other showing aquatic freshwater CBAs Fig 3 The map of terrestrial CBAs was compiled by undertaking a systematic biodiversity planning analysis see Box 3 and adding all biodiversity priority areas identified by other systematic biodiversity planning projects such as STEP in the Province Aquatic CBAs were identified on the basis of sub quaternary catchments addressing the linkages between catchments important rivers and sensitive estuaries Priorities were identified through a systematic conservation planning analysis Table 1 shows how the various biodiversity features were used to define terrestrial and aquatic CBAs For a more detailed explanation please consult the ECBCP Technical Report Figure 2 Map of Terrestrial Critical Biodiversity Areas Jw n ee Wied aa d BR curivation Bl Piantation BH in Municipal Boundaries District Municipalities Local Municipalities Figure 3 Map of Aquatic Critical Biodiversity Areas Aquatic Critical Biodiversity Areas B cea E 2 CBA2 A2b only Iv CBA3 Other Areas Municipal
2. amp EcoplannerGis http www J 01 50 PM 4 3 Screen Components The Eastern Cape map is subdivided into its District Municipalities When you move your mouse over these districts they will highlighted and a tooltip with the name of the district is displayed This interactive image is made up of layers that are turned on from within the GIS Layers tab of the Tabbed Control Box 46 Navigation Toolbar Tabbed Control Box fi 5 e P mue PGS Layers ifs Layers District Municipalities Googlit Mags Select District Local Municipalities Navigation Arrows DR Latitude Langituda OR Longtude 31 2253 Latitude 29 069 4 3 1 Toolbars and Controls The Navigation Tool Bar above the map has the following buttons _ Home Takes the user back to the home page http www ecoplanner co za back Takes the user back to the previous map they were viewing Mouse Tools EE selection tool Used to interact with the active switched on layers of the map Refer to Navigation and Map use center tool Allows the user to centre the map on a selected point Zoom in tool Allows the user to zoom in by dragging a box over the desired area pF Zoom out Zooms the map out Print Allows the user to print the map that is currently on the screen Brings up the user manual The Tabbed Control Box has the f
3. All expert mapped areas less than 25 000 in size includes expert data from this project STEP birds SKEP Wild Coast T Pondoland and marine studies All other forest clusters includes 500m buffers Ikm coastal buffer strip Terrestrial CBA 2 Ecological corridors identified in other studies e g from STEP Wild Coast Pondoland WMA 12 SEA etc and corridors mapped by experts Ecological corridors identified by the ECBCP using an integrated corridor design for the whole Province Aquatic Critical Biodiversity Areas E 11 Aquatic CBA 1 Critically important river sub catchments and all wetlands Critically important estuaries A2a Important sub catchments A2b E2 Aquatic CBA 2 Free flowing rivers important for fish migration Important estuaries Hydrological primary catchment management areas for El A3a l estuaries Aquatic CBA 3 Hydrological primary catchment management areas for 2 estuaries 10 Category Features used to define categories Other Map Categories Vulnerable vegetation types identified through the ECBCP ONA T3 Systematic conservation assessment Other Natural Areas Vulnerable vegetation types from STEP ONA All remaining natural areas not included in the above CBA categories Transformed land Urban and rural settlements cultivated lands and plantations Note Degradation appears as an overlay in the terrestrial CBA maps Box 4 How was the EC
4. Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 129 Chapter 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 3 Chapter 3 3 1 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 1 3 7 2 3 7 3 Identifying Critical Biodiversity Areas in the Eastern Cape What are Critical Biodiversity Areas Why identify Critical Biodiversity Areas How were CBAs identified in the ECBCP How should the ECBCP be used in land use planning Is the ECBCP a bioregional plan Land Use Guidelines Land use planning principles Biodiversity Land Management Classes Land use objectives for Terrestrial BLMCs Which land uses should be allowed in each BLMC Guidelines for aquatic ecosystems Limiting transformation in CBA catchments Assessing the impact of a development on an ABLMC Guidelines for riverine wetland and estuarine buffers How to Use the ECBCP Decision Support System MapInfo User Guide Introduction A note on terminology Before you start Installing Maplnfo amp on your Machine Installing from a CD Downloading your MapInfo from the Internet Navigating Around MapInfo Button Bar Menus Right Click Pop Up Menus Using MapInfo How do find a town How do find a municipality Using the Info Tool How do find a specific property How do find a site using longitude and latitude How do find a specific rural community Finding the extent of transformation in a catchment Creating a Report Printing a map dire
5. There is thus an obligation for government on the one hand to promote rural development poverty alleviation and service delivery and on the other hand to ensure that the rich natural capital of the Province is sustainably used and conserved such that both current and future generations may benefit Recognising the need to ensure that these important natural resources are conserved the Department of Economic Development and Environment Affairs DEDEA together with the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry DWAF have collaborated to draw up the Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Funding for this project was generously provided by the Development Bank of Southern Africa DBSA DWAF and the Eastern Cape Parks Board The ECBCP addresses the urgent need to identify and map critical biodiversity areas and priorities for conservation in the Province It also provides land use planning guidelines recommending biodiversity friendly activities in priority areas The is intended for use by technical users and decision makers in the spheres of planning development and environment Mapped information can be used both reactively and strategically to guide future development away from sensitive and priority biodiversity areas Figure 1 Centres and region of plant endemism occurring within the Eastern Cape after Van Wyk amp Smith 2001 Centres of Plant Endemism 3 Albany Centre IM Cape Floristic Region
6. Blmc District_landuse wor Exit Alt F4 The most commonly used menu options are discussed below Select Find This option opens a Find form and allows you to search for the criteria you have specified In 3 6 below you will find a description of how to use the Select Find button 3l Map Previous View This option allows you to go back to the view you were on previous to the present one Map Get Info This option provides geographical coordinates and size of selected objects Map Select Layer This option allows you to show only a single layer rather than all the layers as normal We do not recommend that you do this as most of the other useful information 15 removed in the process Get Info Please consult the MapInfo help file on the use of this menu option 3 5 3 Right Click Pop Up Menus Pop up menus are available when the mouse cursor is pointing to an open window and act only on that window The options available are Change View L Previous View View Entire Laver EN et Info F7 Clear Cosmetic Layer Turn Autoscroll OFF The most commonly used options are Change View This option allows you to change the size of the window you are viewing Previous View This option allows you to go back to the view you were on before the present one this is the nearest to a back button that MapInfo has Get Info This option allows you to see basic information about the area sel
7. Boundaries gp District Municipalities Local Municipalities emer s FEES P dob ph a ru 207 a er TUN A a Box 3 What is Systematic Biodiversity Planning The process of identifying spatial biodiversity priorities in the ECBCP 15 based on the systematic biodiversity planning approach of Margules and Pressey 2000 also referred to as systematic conservation planning The underlying principle is to identify representative samples of biodiversity that are located where they can persist over the long term A target must be set for each biodiversity feature so that it is clear how much biodiversity needs to be protected This target tells us how much of the feature needs to be maintained or conserved in order for it to persist and contribute to ecosystem functioning Steps in Systematic Biodiversity Planning Margules amp Pressey 2000 Systematic biodiversity planning involves a sequence of procedures 1 Select and collate the biodiversity features and surrogates to be used in the planning area Formulate explicit conservation goals that can be expressed as quantifiable biodiversity targets Review the extent to which goals have been met in existing protected areas Use systematic methods to identify additional areas that should be protected or conserved in order to meet the remainder of the biodiversity targets that are not currently protected 5 Identify prioritise and implement conservation actions
8. Land use planning principles The ECBCP land use guidelines are based on ten principles described in Box 7 Box 7 Ten principles of land use planning for biodiversity persistence Avoid land use that results in vegetation loss in critical biodiversity areas Maintain large intact natural patches try to minimize habitat fragmentation in critical biodiversity areas Maintain landscape connections ecological corridors that connect critical biodiversity areas Maintain ecological processes at all scales and avoid or compensate for any effects of land uses on ecological processes Plan for long term change and unexpected events in particular those predicted for global climate change Plan for cumulative impacts and knock on effects Minimize the introduction and spread of non native species Minimize land use types that reduce ecological resilience ability to adapt to change particularly at the level of water catchments Implement land use and land management practices that are compatible with the natural potential of the area Balance opportunity for human and economic development with the requirements for biodiversity persistence Note that the guidelines provided here only apply to biodiversity and ecosystem concerns and do not address infrastructural social economic and other factors that may need to be taken into account in making a land use decision These guidelines do not replace the need for EIAs which would
9. RR RA ME 222 777 10 Crane Route j 597 22 22 72 puteo Camdeboo x EE munic records 1 14 of 42 12 Zoom in on the farm marked by in this case by a red star 3 6 4 2 To find a farm using Farm Number l Click the Select Find option The Find form will open Click the lt Respecify gt button if the Respecify form is not yet open Search T able cadastral for Objects in Column FAR M_NUMBER Optional Refine Search with Table using Boundary Name Column municipality Mark with Symbol x in Front Window Only Cancel 2 Select cadastral from the Search Table drop down box Select FARM NUMBER from the for Objects in Column drop down box 4 Click OK This will bring up a form where you can enter the farm number Note Farm numbers all start with You can enter only a partial farm number If you do a search like this the bottom field will be populated with all possible iterations of the farm number you have entered 39 FARM_NUMBECOO0000000000080 municipality Exact match not found BONTRUG TOWNSHIP BRENTHOOK BRICKVIEW Coo0d00000000008001 3936 000000000000081 01936 C001000000000001 00001 Siau Respecify If however the search you have made returns no results MapInfo will return ALL the results possible You can tell that this has happened by the first name in the list being aaaaaaaaHMBURG as shown bel
10. button The Find form should clear and the community should be shown with an icon such as a red star 3 6 7 Finding the extent of transformation a catchment To do this you will need to open the file CATCHMENT_light WOR as described for LAND_USE_light WOR see paragraph 3 5 Please note that if you are assessing a forestry application you should instead open the file AFFORESTATION_POTENTIAL_light WOR 1 Having opened the Catchment workspace locate the area you wish to view and if necessary zoom in 2 Click on the nfo Tool button di and the cursor will turn into a cross 3 Click on the area of interest An Info Tool box will open as shown below Info Tool municipality Sakhisizwe catchment T11B Mbazhe 2 objects in 2 tables 4 Click on the municipality line and the list will expand to show the municipality data as shown below Info Tool municipality Sakhisizwee population 57 971 total hectares 225 843 urban H amp s 5 867 cultivated 20 287 plantations 10 937 CBA1 HAs 11 979 CBA2 HAs 127 226 water HAs 210 natural HAs 24 188 degraded 25 249 lt lt gt List municipality 42 Note The bar at the bottom will have the name of the list you are viewing on the right hand side municipality 5 Clicking the List button will take you back to the original list of municipality and catchment area OR Click on the right double arrows button 2 to view the Catchme
11. can find on the map The different map layers contain different sets of information e g population towns and rural communities roads and rivers Each layer is a database that 1s represented on a map The advantage of a GIS over a paper map 1s that if this GIS were printed at 1 50 000 it would be fifteen metres wide and ten metres high and then the information would be difficult to read 3 2 A note on terminology In this Chapter we have kept to the standard Microsoft approved words for actions where ever possible but just to ensure clarity here are a couple of definitions for you Click Tap the left button of the mouse gently once Double Click Tap the left button of the mouse gently twice Right Click the right button of the mouse gently once Point Move the cursor till it rests on the place you want on the screen by moving the mouse Drag Press your finger gently on the left mouse button and pull it in the direction required Press Fl Press a keyboard key in this case the F1 key It is always difficult to convert what you see on an application into words and understandable symbols This paragraph tells you how we have done it in this manual Please note that the website address of the ECBCP may change If this occurs please consult DEDEA or DWAF contact details at the back of this Handbook for further information 25 Buttons are shown in text with angle brackets lt OK gt Drop down boxe
12. crocodiles Restoration The repair of the natural environment to a state close to its original state This can be achieved by e g the removal of alien invasive plants or the repair of eroded sites and the replanting of indigenous plants Safeguard Look after or protect by preventing unnecessary and unwise development or activity Savanna The savanna biome is the most typical of Africa s biomes consisting of trees scattered in grassy veld Many of the trees have thorns As in fynbos and grassland fire is a natural and important part of these systems In savanna regular fire is needed to keep the balance between trees and grass Spatial planning Any planning related to space which can be shown on a map Species All plants and animals are classified and identified by scientists according to a scientific name species name Each species has at least one local name plus a scientific name which 15 the same everywhere in the world Different species are organisms that are distinctly different to each other For example the black rhino scientific name Diceros bicornis and the white rhino scientific name Ceratotherium simum are both rhinos but they are different species As another example an indigenous forest consists of many different indigenous species of plants and animals while a plantation of pine trees consists of just one plant species Strategic Environment Assessment SEA An assessment which is aimed at ensuring that environme
13. important information on the location land use class etc in a form when you click on a site or area More detail on the contents of the Info Tool box is given in the section below Labels button This button switches on the name of the object on which you click Please see the MapInfo help files for a more detailed description Ruler button This button measures linear distances in kilometres To make a measurement click and release on the point where you want to start the measurement Please see the MapInfo Help files for more specific details For context sensitive help point at the form you wish to query and press the F1 button Legend button This button switches the Legend form on and off The map legend 15 a key to the different colours used on the map Clicking on this button toggles the legend on and off Please see the MapInfo help files for a more detailed description 3 5 2 Menus This paragraph describes the drop down menu options As with the Button Bar the drop down menus are only described if they are used in the ECBCP Note Options are indicated by the menu they are part of then a and then the actual menu Thus Files Close Table 1s the Close Table option in the Files drop down menu as shown below MapInfo ProViewer isi Select Options Map Window Help Open Tables or Workspaces Ctrl O Close Table Close All Page Setup Print Ctrl P 1 C Mapinfo Blmc Ec_blmc wor 2 C Mapinfo
14. species that is confined to or exclusive to a particular specified geographic area and nowhere else Environment Describes our surroundings and includes all living plants animals bacteria etc and non living components air water and systems e g biological physical cultural political economic and social aspects The term natural environment describes the same surroundings but excludes humans their activities and their impacts Environmental Impact Assessment EIA Part of a process required by law when certain listed activities are proposed by an applicant landowner or developer for a piece of land These activities can pose harm to the environment and therefore require initial authorisation from the provincial environmental conservation agency before permission may be granted by a municipality This authorisation must be obtained by the applicant from the provincial agency and requires an initial investigation followed by a basic or entire EIA Forest A biome dominated by tall trees that form a roof above the forest floor making it dark on the ground below Found in areas of high rainfall and in kloofs in the mountains where it is wetter than surrounding areas Forest is the biome that covers by far the smallest area in South Africa Fynbos A biome dominated by medium height about 1 to 2m bushes mostly with very small leaves sometimes with reed like plants called restios and taller protea bushes Most types of f
15. still be triggered in terms of the law 15 2 2 Biodiversity Land Management Classes For successful implementation of the ECBCP the CBAs need to be incorporated at all levels of spatial development planning e g Spatial Development Frameworks Integrated Development Plans and Environmental Management Frameworks as well as in any provincial maps developed to supplement the NEMA EIA regulations Bioregional Plans are based on identifying CBAs and associated land use guidelines To facilitate the use of the ECBCP information a land management objectives based approach has been adopted This approach rests on the concept of Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMCs Each BLMC sets out the desired ecological state that an area should be kept in to ensure biodiversity persistence For example BLMC 1 refers to areas which are critical for biodiversity persistence and ecosystem functioning and which should be kept in as natural a condition as possible The ECBCP has developed four terrestrial Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMCs which result from grouping the various terrestrial CBAs and two aquatic BLMCs ABLMCs which result from grouping the various aquatic CBAs This grouping is set out in Table 2 Terrestrial BLMCs set out the desired ecological state of a parcel of land Only land use types that are compatible with maintaining this desired state should be allowed Aquatic BLMCs set out suggested catchment transformation t
16. terrestrial BLMCs while Fig 7 shows aquatic BLMCs for the Province P P O Al A2 2 C2 NA ABLMC 1 Natural state ABLMC 2a Near natural state 17 Figure 6 Eastern Cape Terrestrial BLMCs BLMC 1 Natural landscapes BLMC 2 Near natural landscapes BLMC 3 Functional landscapes Ot 7 BLMC 4 8 Curated Transformed land WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE KWAZULU NATAL PROVINCE ALFRED NZO DM Pool gt hi ae O R TAMBO D Li Ee F r Li CHRIS DISTRICT MUNIC AMATOLE DISTRICT MUNICIPALIT IF 1 eg A 774 Figure 7 Eastern Cape Aquatic BLMCs Sub catchments Aquatic BLMC 1 Aquatic BLMC 2a Aquatic BLMC 2b Municipal Boundaries District Municipalities Local Municipalities F m dx ed FI LN 4 ty 18 The ECBCP sets management objectives and broad land use guidelines for each terrestrial BLMC and catchment transformation thresholds for each ABLMC 2 3 Land use objectives for Terrestrial BLMCs A decision to approve a land use change should be guided by the objective of the BLMC for that land In the same way forward planning in an area should also be guided by the objectives of the BLMCs for that area Table 3 sets out the Terrestrial BLMCs and the recommended land use objective for each class Table 3 Terrestrial BLMCs and Land Use Objectives BLMC Recommended land use objective BLM
17. than 20 of total area of important for fish migration sub quaternary catchment This means for instance that in a sub quaternary catchment that has been identified ABLMC 1 the extent of land transformation that should be allowed 15 less than 10 of the total area of that sub quaternary catchment B 7 Note that development in all catchments remains subject to standard DWAF requirements regarding limits to reduction in mean annual runoff MAR 22 2 4 2 Assessing the impact of a development on an ABLMC If a land use change is planned in an ABLMC 1 or 2 its impact on the extent of transformation in that sub quaternary catchment should be assessed This should be done as follows Firstly find the extent of existing transformation in the catchment from the tables in the ECBCP see Chapter 3 paragraph 3 6 7 for how to do this in MapInfo Secondly check the area to see if any further transformation has taken place since these estimates were done this is the case calculate the current percentage transformation of the sub quaternary catchment e Finally calculate whether the proposed development will exceed the recommended transformation threshold for that sub quaternary catchment Please note that development in all catchments is also subject to DW AF stream flow reduction authorisation Box 11 Wetlands Wetlands include rivers vleis and marshes and help to purify water and to reduce flooding South Africa
18. 2 Opening page Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Land use Decision Support System Mozilla Firefox i x File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help e Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Land use Decision Support System Home Overview What this system can do What this system can t do Navigation Connection speed Further Information Disclaimer Enter Site Hii Start Inbox Thunderbird 2 Manual pr 4 Microsoft wor 2 Mapinfo Proviewer Eastern Bi 50 01 46 PM The opening page of the website offers a number of options Click on Enter Site to view the map The initial map that is displayed is one of the Eastern Cape as a whole as well as the edges of the surrounding provinces At any time during operation of the map the Google Maps button at the top right of the map can be selected to view satellite imagery of roughly the same map area that is visible on the screen 45 EcoplannerGIS display Mozilla Firefox l q Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help D A G A RO Je gt Em cc nnl Google Maps 4 Select District District Municipalities Local Municipalities Longitude 35 2802 S Latitude 30 0731 E 2007 TerraMetrics NASA data 2007 AND Europa Technologies Terms of Use Start 6 Inbox Thund 3 Manual w 4 Microsoft MapInfo Prove
19. BCP developed The approach used to develop the ECBCP is known as systematic conservation planning or systematic biodiversity planning This approach relies both on data and the wisdom of experts See Box 3 What Is Systematic Biodiversity Planning The approach used to develop the ECBCP can be summarised as follows a Aquatic and terrestrial data available for the Province were assembled and integrated b A land cover map for the Province was produced c Planning units were identified for terrestrial freshwater and estuarine areas Experts assisted with mapping special biodiversity features such as known locations of rare and endangered species and ecological corridors An assessment of land use pressures was undertaken combining a number of factors such as agricultural potential development pressure ecological integrity etc Priority areas that were identified by other sub provincial conservation planning projects in the Province were included Systematic conservation planning software was used to identify terrestrial and aquatic areas that are critical for conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem functioning These areas are termed Critical Biodiversity Areas CBAs The process included identifying landscape corridors linking biodiversity priority areas through a Province wide network h CBAs were grouped into Biodiversity Land Management Classes and objectives formulated for each class The products included i
20. C 1 Natural landscapes Maintain biodiversity in as natural state as possible Manage for no biodiversity loss Maintain biodiversity in near natural state with minimal loss of ecosystem integrity No transformation of natural habitat should be permitted BLMC 2 Near natural landscapes Manage for sustainable development keeping natural habitat BLMC 3 Functional intact in wetlands including wetland buffers and riparian landscapes zones Environmental authorisations should support ecosystem integrity BLMC 4 Transformed landscapes Manage for sustainable development Box 8 Why preserve natural ecological corridors Natural ecological corridors such as rivers and mountains sustain the natural landscape by providing pathways for species to travel between different areas and by protecting water catchments Ecological corridors are a crucial part of the ecological infrastructure of the Province and are as important as the built infrastructure of roads highways ports and so on These natural corridors are often best suited for grazing and only small portions should be ploughed or developed for settlement For more information on corridors see the STEP handbook second edition 2 3 1 Which land uses should be allowed in each BLMC Some land use types have a much greater negative impact on biodiversity than others For instance timber plantations and urban settlement are much more damaging to biodiversity than livestock and l
21. Drakensberg Alpine Centre WS Little Karoo Centre Maputuland Pondoland Region Pdondoland Centre Succulent Karoo Region Municipal Boundaries District Municipalities Local Municipalities ENS un d Er D Lou Box 1 Why conserve biodiversity Biodiversity provides us with clean water air and soil as well as medicinal plants fuelwood food products from fishing hunting and veldkos building materials and grazing Plant roots stabilise the soil and prevent erosion All of these are vitally important for human wellbeing Biodiversity also contributes significantly to rural livelihoods The scenic beauty of the Province provides valuable products for the tourism and wildlife industry with potential to generate considerable economic revenue from nature reserves game farms and hunting lodges At the global scale we depend on nature particularly forests to absorb the carbon dioxide that we generate and to regulate the climate All of these resources depend directly on biodiversity For more on conserving biodiversity see the STEP handbook second edition Important note All technical terms used are explained in the Glossary at the end of this Handbook Please note that in this report the word transformation refers to the process where natural vegetation is replaced with cultivation urban development plantations etc and biodiversity and ecological processes are thus irreversibly destroyed
22. Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Handbook Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Handbook Compiled by Amanda Younge Hayes and written by Derek Berliner Philip Desmet and Richard Hayes Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Project No 2005 012 King William s Town August 2007 ISBN 978 0 620 39423 9 The Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan ECBCP is available in two versions on posters wall maps and electronically Posters showing the ECBCP are available for each District Municipality and for the whole Province An electronic version of the ECBCP and the associated decision support system is contained on the CD a copy of which is included in this handbook A web enabled version of the ECBCP is available from the website http www ecoplanner co za This Handbook contains a short description of how the ECBCP biodiversity priorities were identified an explanation of the land use guidelines in the ECBCP and user friendly guidelines for using the electronic decision support system of the ECBCP More information is available from the ECBCP Technical Report Berliner D amp Desmet P 2007 Please note that the boundaries of the Province and of the Alfred Nzo District Municipality shown on the ECBCP maps may have changed since this document went to press Readers of this book are encouraged to consult the STEP Handbook Pierce S M and Mader A D 2006 which contains complementary information espec
23. ange of scales e see what land uses are suitable for the area if biodiversity 15 to be conserved e find areas where development will not have a negative impact on biodiversity e find areas which are priorities for conservation of biodiversity and e see the reasons for the classification of each area 1 open ECBCP Click on new MapInfo option in the Start menu 28 EX fag MapInfo t FE MapInfo Proviewer 8 5 Microsoft Office Tools 4 ProViewer 8 mIRC Mozilla Firefox i Programs I PDF Creator Plus 4 0 ap Pegasus Mail For Win3z t IF QuickTime i TE CI LI 71 skype d The MapInfo application will open The first form you should see is an Open MapInfo Tables or Workspaces form as shown below If you don t see this form then click the File Open button 2h on the button bar Click the down arrow of the Look in drop down box and select Local Disk C as shown below Open Mapinfo Tables or Workspaces Look in My Computer tj 9 My Recent Documents Desktop L3 My Documents y My Computer 21 Disk DYD Drive a Removable Disk F Shared Documents My Documents My Network Places O Canon O DRVAXWL FZX v4 7 dump My Recent Documents My Network File name M Places Files of type MapInfo Tables and WorkSpaces Cancel Click on ECBCP folder and then click on LAND_USE_Light WOR file that i
24. bility Add Hardware Add or Administrative Autodesk Plot Autodesk Automatic Switch to Category View Options Tools Style Manager Plotter Updates See Also a 9 Date and Time Display Folder Options Intel R Internet E Windows Update Controllers Extre Options Help and Support a gt S 9 Java Keyboard Network Phone and Power Options Printers and Connections Modem Faxes e amp 2 2 QuickTime Regional and Scanners and Scheduled SoundMAX SoundMAx Sounds and Language Cameras Tasks Audio Pow Audio Devices Taskbar and TOSHIBA TOSHIB4 User Accounts Wireless Link Start Menu HWSetup Power Saver 3 Double click on the System icon The icon is highlighted in the picture above The System form should open and the computer information should be displayed as shown below The information you need to know is shown inside the red boxes in the picture below System Properties System Restore Automatic Updates Remote Computer Name Hardware Advanced System Microsoft Windows xP Professional Version 2002 Registered to Richard Hayes Oasis Communications 5274 645 6276966 23366 Computer Mobile Intel R Celeron R CPU 2 50GHz 2 49 GHz 496 MB of RAM 4 Now you must check that your computer has more than the basic requirements System Your computer must have Microsoft Windows 2000 Windows XP or Vista 21 Computer You
25. ctly Cutting and pasting Enclosing a MapInfo object in a Word document Chapter 4 How to Use the ECBCP Decision Support System Website User Guide 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 Introduction Opening page Screen Components Toolbars and Controls Navigation and Map Use Methods of navigation Map use References and Information Resources Acronyms Glossary Acknowledgements Introduction This Handbook provides information on the ECBCP and contains guidelines on how to use it Although a number of landscape scale conservation planning projects had been undertaken in the Eastern Cape prior to the ECBCP there were large areas of the Province that were excluded In addition much of the information in these plans was not readily available to land use planners and decision makers To address these needs as well as to provide a basis for future bioregional plans the ECBCP has been developed Its aim 1s to integrate information from existing biodiversity plans and to fill in the gaps thereby providing a single user friendly biodiversity land use decision support tool for the whole Province Chapter 1 provides a brief explanation of Critical Biodiversity Areas and how they were identified It also explains the relationship between the ECBCP and Bioregional Plans Chapter 2 sets out the ECBCP land use guidelines and explains how to apply them Chapters 3 and 4 contain instructions and guidelines for using the el
26. e For all ECBCP usage please follow this manual Open file This button opens the Open File form and allows you to retrieve the files that you want to view Note that the required files have a WOR extension Print button Prints the selected window Help file Allows you to access the MapInfo help files Pointer button This is a Select Tool and can be used to select an object in the map window or a row in a table browser list window Please see the MapInfo help files for a more detailed description Zoom in button Clicking on a map zooms the user into the map Clicking and dragging zooms into the selected area As you zoom in more information becomes visible e g relief property boundaries farm numbers local roads rural communities etc You may also just 30 click in the centre of an area you want to view This zooms in by a factor of two Please see the MapInfo help files for a more detailed description Zoom out button This zooms the user out of the map Left click anywhere on the map and you will zoom out by a factor of two Please see the MapInfo help files for a more detailed description Grabber button This button changes the mouse button to a hand When you click on the left mouse button the hand grabs the map and moves it in the direction the mouse is moved Please see the MapInfo help files for a more detailed description Info Tool button This button opens a box that provides
27. ect the critical biodiversity areas 1n an appropriately restrictive planning zone or category e map and guidelines should be meaningfully incorporated in any EMFs developed for the area as well as in any provincial maps developed to supplement the NEMA EIA regulations e map and guidelines should be referred in all EIAs and should be consulted in the decision making process for all land use authorisations 1 5 Is the ECBCP a bioregional plan The ECBCP itself is not a Bioregional Plan However because it identifies CBAs and provides land use guidelines it will be a key input to future bioregional plans in the Province For more information on bioregional plans consult the Draft Guideline DEAT and SANBI 2007 14 Chapter 2 Land Use Guidelines Derek Berliner Philip Desmet and Amanda Younge Hayes This chapter sets out guidelines on how to use and apply the ECBCP land use decision making so as to avoid or minimize negative impacts in CBAs and important water catchments in the Province Because the vast majority of CBAs fall outside the protected area network in the Province the ECBCP provides guidelines for land use planning and decision making across the whole Province These guidelines recommend appropriate land uses and suggest limits on the extent of development in CBAs These guidelines can be used both assessing applications and developing forward plans e g Spatial Development Frameworks 21
28. ected 3 6 Using MapInfo This paragraph takes you through a step by step procedure of finding things on the maps provided using the different tools provided by MapInfo 3 6 1 How dol find a town Open the MapInfo application and zoom into the map at more or less the scale you want to use 1 Click the Window towns Browser option The towns browser should open 32 MapInfo ProViewer File Select Options Window Help borderlines provinces legend Map Legend Terrestrial Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMC1 maintain natural state BLMC2 maintain near natural state BLMC3 functional landscapes j BLMC4 towns amp settlements p J A Hamburg BLMCA cultivated land E50 Pr Nee t etj Hankey BLMC4 plantation woodlots 7 d py Inland water Degraded YT 1 ru f 4 For FTW 5 oo E f I lt ca SC pare Mees ike ESP m m 2 4 P D wi e L A i ni E s e x 2 J Y S E 0 Maa aae o AWS X EASHIONDON COAST NATURE RESERVE records 323 333 of 1315 0 a 2 Select the town you wish to view and click the black box next to the name of the town 3 Click the drop down menu Select Find Selection The map should move to the town and the town should be highlighted 3 6 2 How do find a municipality Open the MapInfo application 1 Click the Window municipality Bro
29. ectronic decision support system of the ECBCP Box 2 What is a Biodiversity Conservation Plan Some areas have higher levels of biodiversity than others These higher levels may include larger numbers of species or ecosystems large numbers of threatened species or ecological processes that are crucial for the long term persistence of biodiversity A spatial biodiversity conservation plan takes this variability into account by collating and mapping information about Biodiversity features species ecosystems ecological processes Existing protected areas Current patterns of land use Potential and conflicting patterns of land use These mapped features can be linked for further analysis using Geographic Information Systems GIS to identify areas of highest biodiversity importance and to determine priority areas for action Spatial planning can occur at a variety of scales The National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment NSBA Driver et al 2005 was done at a broad scale and does not yield information suitable for site scale land use decisions for a municipality or for a specific river or catchment The finer scale ECBCP is suitable for use at municipal level because the underlying data on biodiversity features in the Province were recorded and mapped at a finer scale than the national data used in the NSBA However the ECBCP data is still fairly coarse and when assessing a development application it is essential to verify the info
30. ent scales sizes For example a small pond is an ecosystem a forest is an ecosystem even the whole planet can be seen as an ecosystem Ecosystems are maintained through internal processes that take place between their components as well as external factors like climate The word ecosystem is short for ecological system Ecosystem processes All the processes that result from the relationships and interactions in and between ecosystems are called ecosystem processes For example nutrients are cycled from the soil to plants to animals and back to the soil again insects fertilize pollinate flowers as they feed on nectar Many of these ecosystem processes provide direct services for humankind Ecosystem services Ecosystem services are ecosystem products and processes that benefit human beings For example soil and water is purified as plants extract nutrients plants stabilise soil with their roots preventing soil erosion and so keeping our rivers clean so that towns and cities and drink clean water nectar eating insects pollinate crops as they move from flower to flower and there are many more examples Ecosystem services are often impossible or too expensive for humans to create artificially Therefore we are totally dependent on the Earth s ecosystems and their biodiversity Ecosystem Status Ecosystem Status categories indicate how threatened an exosystem is based on how little of the ecosystem remains intact Endemic A plant or animal
31. ers larger buffers are particularly important to lower the amount Currently there is no accepted priority ranking system for wetlands Until such a system is developed it is recommended that a 50 m buffer be set for all wetlands It is recommended that no new development be permitted below the 5m contour around an estuary This would allow for the protection of most important estuarine ecosystem processes and drivers other than upstream development pressures on estuaries which are addressed through the catchment transformation thresholds This table and the estuarine buffer proposals are drawn from Snaddon et al In prep 2007 24 Chapter 3 How to Use the ECBCP Decision Support System MapInfo User Guide Richard Hayes 3 1 Introduction The ECBCP is presented in three forms Electronically CD ROM viewed by means of MapInfo software Electronically on the internet at www ecoplanner co za and e On posters wall maps The information on the CD is identical to that on the website although presented in a slightly different format This Chapter shows you how to install MapInfo on your machine and then use it to view the ECBCP Please note that MapInfo has its own manual and extensive help files Please refer to them for tips on using MapInfo by clicking Help ProViewer Help Topic A Geographic Information System GIS contains computer generated maps map layers that can give you information about an object you
32. es e ae TS gp District Municipalities dum roce 7 Local Municipalities J 5 3 i m A 1 12 Box 6 Ecosystem Status The ECBCP identified ecosystems in the Province that are critically endangered endangered and vulnerable based on the extent to which ecosystems have been transformed or degraded These are shown in Fig 5 Section 52 of the Biodiversity Act provides for the listing of threatened ecosystems at both national and provincial level Ecosystem status refers to the likelihood of an ecosystem persisting Ecosystems that are Critically Endangered Endangered on Vulnerable can be listed in terms of the Biodiversity Act For example Critically Endangered ecosystems are defined in the act as being ecosystems that have undergone severe degradation of ecological structure function or composition as a result of human intervention and are subject to an extremely high risk of irreversible transformation Importantly any land use change application occurring within an ecosystem listed as Critically Endangered or Endangered in terms of the Biodiversity Act will automatically require environmental authorisation in terms of the NEMA EIA regulations Figure 5 Ecosystem Status South African Vegetation Types Ecosystem Status Transformation and Degradation Critically Endangered 7 7 Endangered Vulnerable Municipal Boundaries Ep District Municipalities Local Municipal
33. gy ACE Report Number 47 Second Edition Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University South Africa Rouget M Reyers B Jonas Z Desmet P Driver A Maze K Egoh B Cowling R M Mucina L amp Rutherford M 2004 South African National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment Technical Report Volume 1 Terrestrial Component South African National Biodiversity Institute Pretoria Snaddon K Nel J Job N and Day L In prep 2007 Ecological processes special features and species information Chapter in C A P E Fine scale Planning Project Freshwater ecosystems of the Sandveld Saldanha Report prepared for CapeNature 50 Acronyms ABLMC Aquatic Biodiversity Land Management Class BLMC Biodiversity Land Management Class CD ROM Compact disc CBA Critical Biodiversity Area DBSA Development Bank of Southern Africa DEAT National Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism DEDEA Department of Economic Development and Environment Affairs Eastern Cape Province ECBCP Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan DWAF National Department of Water Affairs and Forestry GIS Geographical Information System IDP Integrated Development Plan Planning IEM Integrated Environmental Management MAR Mean Annual Runoff NEMA National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 NEMBA National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 NSBA National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment SANBI South African National Biodiversity I
34. has already lost over 50 of its wetlands due to development As more wetlands are lost 1n an area flooding increases and water can become polluted Any proposed development near to wetlands should be carefully assessed to prevent further damage to wetlands Seasonal wetlands are particularly vulnerable as they are easily overlooked at dry times of the year 23 2 4 3 Guidelines for riverine wetland and estuarine buffers Until national guidelines for riverine wetland and estuarine buffers are established the guidelines set out in this section should be applied Table 7 recommends buffers for rivers Table 7 Recommended buffers for rivers t I Buffer 7 width These longitudinal zones generally have more confined riparian zones than lower foothills and lowland rivers and are generally less threatened by agricultural practices Mountain streams and upper foothills of all 1 500 000 rivers of crop spray reaching the river Generally smaller upland streams corresponding to mountain streams and upper foothills smaller than those designated in the 1 500 000 rivers layer They are assigned the riparian buffer required under South African legislation All remaining 1 50 000 streams These longitudinal zones generally have less confined cower footie and riparian zones than mountain streams and upper foothills and lowland 100 are generally more threatened by agricultural practices These 1 500 000 riv
35. he map The nfo Tool box will open and display the relevant information If you click on the Municipality browser the information on that specific municipality is shown Info Tool NAME Heroldsbaai TYPE PLACE towns 3 6 3 2 Using the Info Tool box with the Browsers Open the browser of your choice and then select a town or municipality by double clicking on the selection box on the left hand side The nfo Tool box will open and display the relevant information Info Tool municipality Sunday s River Valley population 44 523 total hectares 350 599 urban 2 241 lt municipality 3 6 3 3 Interpreting the Information in the Info Tool Box The Info Tool box does a search of the database that supports the ECBCP and produces all the data it can find on the area you have selected A typical response will be as shown below municipality Ndlambe 2 cadastral F289 10 land cover Cultivation 2 corridor The bottom bar will tell you how many results were retrieved from the database In the case of our example only four results were obtained from the database If more than one result was retrieved from a specific table in the database this bar will indicate it An example might be 6 objects in 4 tables 35 The first line on the form will tell you which municipality your mouse cursor 1s pointed at If you click on this line of the form it will give you more information abo
36. he selection tool is active 48 If you click on one of these critical biodiversity layers an output response will be generated the Land use tab and if a catchment 1s clicked an output response will be generated in the Catchments tab Further movement around the map can be made by using the other tools available on the navigation toolbar as well as the navigation arrows aside the map 49 References and Information Resources Berliner D D van der Merwe I Benn G Rouget M 2006 Systematic Conservation Planning for the Forest Biome of South Africa approach methods and results used for the selection of priority forests Updated September 2006 Funded by UK DFID for the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Berliner D and Desmet P 2007 Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Technical Report Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Project No 2005 012 Pretoria Coastal amp Environmental Services Strategic Environmental Assessment Report Water Management Area 12 30 May 2006 www cesnet co za Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism 2005 South Africa s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan www deat gov za Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and South African National Biodiversity Institute 2007 Draft Guideline regarding the Determination of Bioregions and the Preparation and Publication of Bioregional Plans Draft March 2007 Prepared by the South African National Biodivers
37. hresholds These are a set of recommended permissible upper limits to the loss of natural vegetation cover in each sub quaternary catchment BLMCSs can be applied at the scale of habitat patch landscape or catchment Variations in local environmental conditions and the kinds of activities associated with the land use in question will influence how severely biodiversity is affected by each land use 16 Table 2 How do BLMCs relate to CBAs CBA map Code BLMC category Terrestrial CBAs and BLMCs Protected Areas Terrestrial CBA 1 degraded Terrestrial CBA 2 Near natural landscapes Natural landscapes Terrestrial CBA 1 not degraded ONA T3 nee ere Functional landscapes Areas Transformed Areas Transformed landscapes Aquatic CBAs and BLMCs Aquatic CBA 1 Aquatic CBA 2 Aquatic CBA 3 The process of identifying CBAs avoided degraded areas wherever possible However this was not always possible as some biodiversity features had little or no intact biodiversity left In these cases important remaining degraded areas that would have the potential to regain a CBA1 status through rehabilitation were identified as CBA 1 However classifying them as BLMCs these degraded CBAI areas were assigned a BLMC 2 classification The ECBCP allocates the whole landscape of the Eastern Cape into BLMCs based on how biodiversity should be managed there 1 in accordance with its CBA status Fig 6 shows the
38. ially for municipalities on understanding and managing for environmental sustainability tools and legislation for environmentally sustainable planning and management and land reform and the natural environment Disclaimer While every endeavour has been made to ensure the accuracy of the ECBCP the authors and designers hold no responsibility for any inaccuracies injuries or financial loss that may result therefrom Please note that the website address of the ECBCP may change If this occurs please consult DEDEA or DWAF contact details at the back of this Handbook for further information Preface The Eastern Cape is globally recognised for its high biodiversity value and scenic beauty It has the highest biome diversity of any province with no less than seven biomes Forest Fynbos Nama Karoo Savanna Succulent Karoo and Thicket The Province is also unique among provinces in that it overlaps with three centers of biological endemism the Albany Centre the Drakensberg Centre and the Pondoland Centre Fig 1 At the same time it has some of the highest levels of rural poverty in the country with low employment rates rural poverty and underdevelopment The Province is currently facing unprecedented pressure from unplanned development urban and agricultural expansion mining illegal holiday cottages and over harvesting of natural resources All of these pressures have the potential to rapidly erode the natural resource base
39. ities 200 Kilometers 13 1 4 How should the ECBCP be used in land use planning The 15 a broad scale biodiversity plan It integrates other existing broad scale biodiversity plans in the Province and fills in the gaps using mainly national data The ECBCP did not generate additional fine scale data The ECBCP has no legal status However it has been designed to serve as the basic biodiversity layer in Strategic Environmental Assessments State of Environment Reports SDFs EMFs and Bioregional Plans It conforms to the requirements of the Draft Guideline regarding the Determination of Bioregions and the Preparation and Publication of Bioregional Plans DEAT and SANBI 2007 as it contains maps of terrestrial and aquatic CBAs as well as suggested land use guidelines The ECBCP maps of CBAs will also be useful in determining which areas of the province most urgently require fine scale biodiversity planning According to the Draft Guideline local and district municipalities should integrate critical biodiversity areas in the relevant bioregional plan into their Integrated Development Plans IDPs and Spatial Development Frameworks SDFs and should also integrate critical biodiversity areas and other relevant guidelines and recommendations from the bioregional plan into Environmental Management Frameworks EMFs and zoning schemes In addition e The integrated map of planning zones or categories in the SDF should refl
40. ity Institute at the request of the Minister and Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Driver A Cowling R M amp Maze K 2003 Planning for Living Landscapes Perspectives and Lessons from South Africa 45pp www botanicalsociety org za Driver A Maze K Rouget M Lombard A T Nel J Turpie J K Cowling R M Desmet P Goodman P Harris J Jonas Z Reyers B Sink K amp Strauss T 2005 National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2004 Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation in South Africa Strelitzia 17 South African National Biodiversity Institute Pretoria www sanbi org Du Toit J amp Biggs H 2007 Working within thresholds integrating science and management in large terrestrial ecosystems Presentation at Society for Conservation Biologist July 2007 Port Elizabeth South Africa Ferrar A A and Lotter M C 2007 Mpumalanga Biodiversity Conservation Handbook Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency Nelspruit Margules C R amp Pressy R L 2000 Systematic conservation planning Nature 405 243 253 Mucina L Rutherford M C amp Powrie L W 2005 Vegetation Map of South Africa Lesotho and Swaziland South African National Biodiversity Institute ISBN 1 919976 22 1 Pierce S M and Mader A D 2006 The STEP Handbook Integrating the natural environment into land use decisions at the municipal level towards sustainable development Centre for African Conservation Ecolo
41. ivate Bag X5001 Greenacres 6057 Port Elizabeth Tel 041 508 5817 The Director SANBI Directorate for Biodiversity Programmes Policy amp Planning Services South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X101 Pretoria 0001 Tel 012 843 5000 Fax 012 804 3211 Eastern Cape Parks Board ECPB Website http www ecparks co za 6 St Marks Road Southernwood East London Tel 043 742 4450 Fax 043 742 5566 56 Acknowledgements The assistance of a large number of people has been essential to the success of this project In particular the authors would like to thank the funders of this project the DBSA and DWAF Nkosi Quvile DWAF Phumla Mzazi DEDEA Mandy Driver SANBD Julie Clarke DBSA Graeme Harrison formerly DWAF and members of the Project Steering Committee and Eastern Cape Implementation Committee for Bioregional Programmes Our thanks also go to Ally Ashwell John Allwood Dave Balfour Noluthando Bam Rick Bernard Roger Bills Anton Bok Andre Boshoff Bill Branch Mandy Cadman Jim Cambray Barry Clark Willem Coetzer P Conradie Brent Corcoran Richard Cowling Mike Coleman Brenda Daly Tony Dold Sizakele Gabula Bradley Gibbons Zanele Hartmann P Hlubi David Hoare Steve Holness Nancy Job Theresa Kearney Richard Lechmere Oertle Roy Lubke Sonwabile Menyelwa Churchhill Mkwalo Jorum Mkosana Jeanne Nel Henry Nkosi Gladstone Ntsikwe Dean Peinke Gerry Pienaar Ernest Pringle Beli
42. l biodiversity layers This method of navigation 1s the easiest Municipality search At any time the user can select a district municipality from the dropdown list on the Search tab of the tabbed control box This will then populate the list below it with the names of the local municipalities within in If you click on one of the local municipalities in the list the map will automatically zoom into that local municipality Latitude Longitude search At any time the user can enter coordinates of the desired location into the text areas located on the Search tab of the tabbed control box Once the Find button has been pressed the map will then zoom into those coordinates Name search At any time the user can enter the name of a town or the cadaster number of the place they are looking for in the text area on the search tab of the tabbed control box Once the Find button has been pressed if the place is found the map will zoom in to that location Map use When wanting to turn on off layers there may be certain checkboxes that are not selectable this means that you are too far zoomed out to enable it There are two groups of layers that will generate an output response the Critical Biodiversity Areas and the Catchment and Afforestation layers located in the GIS Layers and Catchments tabs If you move your mouse around on the map the tool tip of the mouse will display the name of the layer that 1t 1s on provided that t
43. m survival of that biodiversity Catchment An area in which rain falls and from where it flows into a river The catchment of a particular major river can include entire mountain ranges Conservation The sustainable management of the natural environment Conservation planning See systematic conservation planning Critical Biodiversity Areas CBAs are terrestrial and aquatic features in the landscape that are critical for conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem functioning Data Information or facts often expressed in numbers Desert A biome that has very little vegetation compared to other biomes the landscape is often covered mainly by sand or gravel Deserts receive less rain than any other biome in the world and are therefore very dry but several different species of animals and plants are specially adapted to survive in even this harsh environment Development The act of altering or modifying the natural environment e g agriculture housing industry holiday resorts etc Development is necessary but it disturbs and impacts on the natural environment and its resources Therefore it is vitally important to be as environmentally sustainable as possible when placing and designing any kind of development Ecosystem An ecosystem is a system that is formed by components plants animals water soil etc of the natural environment as well as the relationships and interactions between them Ecosystems 52 operate at differ
44. n before allowing such activities in their area Nama Karoo A biome characterised by a mixture of grasses and small dry looking bushes with open ground in between As with succulent Karoo Nama Karoo occurs in areas with very low rainfall and soils are often very rich but plant growth is limited by the dry climate Quite extensive areas of this biome are found in a few inland areas within the STEP region such as Graaff Reinet and Cradock Natural environment The living plants animals and micro organisms and non living soil water etc components of our surroundings excluding the changes that humans have made cities agriculture etc In cities there is almost nothing left of the natural environment but elsewhere in places like Addo Elephant National Park and farms where livestock feed on natural vegetation the landscape still consists mostly of the natural environment Pristine Unspoiled Used to describe the natural environment where it is undisturbed and undamaged Red Data Book species Plant or animal species that are named in a list the Red Data Book because their survival is under threat They are protected by law under provincial ordinances and the NEMA and are protected under the Biodiversity Act Rehabilitation Meaning roughly restoration of natural vegetation especially after mining activities or quarrying Reptile Reptiles are animals that have skin covered in dry scales They include snakes lizards tortoises and
45. n the ECBCP are e A map of CBAs terrestrial and aquatic for the Province including explicit provincial ecological corridors as well as associated GIS layers A land cover map for the Province A map of existing protected areas A degradation and land transformation map A human population density map An ecosystem status map 11 A map of subsistence resource use pressure A map of land use pressures Special biodiversity features as mapped by experts Rare and threatened species maps A description of regionally important ecological processes Priority water catchments and ecosystem service areas Maps of terrestrial and aquatic Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMC e Land use planning and decision making guidelines linked to BLMCs This information and analysis 16 integrated into the ECBCP decision support system see Chapters 3 and 4 For more information see the ECBCP Technical Report Berliner D amp Desmet P 2007 Box 5 Eastern Cape Land Cover A land cover map describes the land surface showing urban areas cultivated areas plantations natural areas etc The Provincial land cover map drawn up for the ECBCP integrates all available land cover products for the Province into a single product Fig 4 Figure 4 Eastern Cape Land Cover Landcover Category ISI Cultivation Degraded _ Natural rte Plantation sf ant i B Urban ae Ns d S Waterbodies n Municipal Boundari
46. nda Reyers Mathieu Rouget Andrew Skowno Ayanda Sigwela S Soyizwapi Lala Steyn Ernst Swarts Dennis Tweedle Ann Turner Jane Turpie Roger Uys Mark van Niekerk Jan Venter Dirk Versfeld Jan Vlok Mike Warren Lloyd Winggate and all the other stakeholders who contributed to developing the ECBCP in one way or another Thanks also go to the authors of the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Conservation Plan Handbook and the STEP Handbook Second Edition both of which have been extensively quoted here Cartography Clip Clop www clipclop co za Graphic Design Lucid Pictures www lucidpictures co za Logos on back cover DBSA DWAF DEDEA SANBI ECPB 57
47. nnot be fully represented within a simple matrix There is still a need to assess each application and proposed land use type fully against appropriate objectives and criteria By way of example consider the case of game farming within a critical biodiversity area designated as an ecological corridor Although game farms are generally considered to be a relatively biodiversity friendly form of land use they must by law be fenced These fences restrict animal movement and can compromise the functionality of the ecological corridor resulting in a conflict with biodiversity persistence objectives Any application for game farming in a terrestrial BLMC 2 area should still be reviewed thoroughly to assess any likely negative impacts The ECBCP should not be used for urban and fine scale planning The ECBCP provides a broad framework to assess proposals for land use change and to develop forward plans and fine scale plans The information it contains is not at a scale suitable for fine scale planning and urban planning 21 2 4 Guidelines for aquatic ecosystems 2 4 1 Limiting transformation in CBA catchments Land use planning needs to take into account the linkages between catchments important rivers and sensitive estuaries Ad hoc land transformation can result in fragmented landscapes and loss of ecosystem connectivity When landscapes are transformed beyond certain critical thresholds ecological processes such as fire and the water cycle
48. nstitute SANParks South African National Parks SBP Systematic Biodiversity Planning SDF Spatial Development Framework SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SKEP Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Programme STEP Subtropical Thicket Ecosystem Programme WMA 12 SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment for Water Management Area 12 51 Glossary Main source STEP Handbook Second Edition Other sources as specified in the text Alien Invasive Species Any plant or animal species that has been introduced into an area and that thrive in local conditions suppressing and replacing indigenous biodiversity Invasive plants and animals are the second greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide Invasive species may cause economic or environmental harm or even harm to human health Biodiversity All the different kinds of indigenous plants and animals and micro organisms in the natural environment and the natural processes that allow them to survive Biodiversity is the living component of the natural environment The word is short for biological diversity Biodiversity planning maps information about biodiversity features species ecosystems ecological processes existing protected areas current patterns of land use and potential and conflicting patterns of land use These mapped features can be linked for further analysis using Geographic Information Systems GIS to identify areas of highest biodiversity importance and to determine priority areas for ac
49. nt data You can also access the Catchment data by clicking on Catchment in the list that opens when you first click area of interest or when you click the List button E SACD 2 424 NAME T11B Mbashe CBA E3a ABLMC 1 HECTARES TOTAL 11 131 53 TRANSFORMED 39 TRANSF_THRESHOLD 10 MAX TRANSF 0 00 NATURAL 61 WWATERBOD 0 URBAN 0 PLANTAT 5 CULTIVAT 15 DEGRADED 19 CBA1_HAs 10 12 2 1 046 90 gt gt List catchment Note that the ABLMC classification of the sub catchment is displayed in the Catchment data in the example above it is an ABLMC 1 because it is a CBA E3a The extent and percentage of transformed land in the sub catchment is also displayed TRANSFORMED followed by the recommended transformation threshold for that sub catchment TRANSF_THRESHOLD This is followed by the amount of hectares that are still available for transformation TRANSF Has In the example above the percentage of the area already transformed 39 16 higher than the recommended transformation threshold 10 and thus the number of hectares still available for transformation is zero 0 0 It should be noted that the extent of existing transformation may be underestimated as things may have changed since this data was collected If you are viewing AFFORESTATION POTENTIAL light WOR please note that e Areas shown in colour were those that were assessed in the ECBCP as having forestry p
50. ntal issues are addressed from an early stage in and throughout the formulation of plans Subtropical Thicket See thicket Sub quaternary catchment Quaternary is an adjective meaning fourth It is next in the sequence primary secondary tertiary source Wikipedia A sub quaternary catchment is a fifth level subdivision of a river catchment 54 Succulent Karoo A biome consisting mostly of small bushes with open ground in between Many of the bushes have succulent fat leaves or stems Very few grasses As with Nama Karoo succulent Karoo occurs in areas with very low rainfall and soils are often very rich but plant growth is limited by the dry climate Sustainable development Development that meets the needs of people now without endangering the capacity of meeting needs in the future National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 NEMA states Sustainable development is the integration of social economic and environmental factors into planning implementation and decision making so as to ensure that development serves present and future generations Systematic conservation planning also known as Systematic Biodiversity Planning Planning for the sustainable management of biodiversity This approach considers the entire landscape rather than only protected areas which is necessary for the long term survival persistence of biodiversity Transformation refers to the process where natural vegetation is replaced
51. ollowing tabs e Search Allows the user to navigate to a desired location Local Municipality Coordinates Town Cadastre e Land Use Displays the class name permissible land use and conditional land use of a critical biodiversity area selected on map as well as allows you to view the cost data of the selected polygon 47 GIS Layers Tab which allows user to turn layers on and off once checkbox is selected and refresh button pressed Catchments Allows user to turn on catchment and afforestation layers once the checkbox 1s selected and refresh button pressed Tools in the Map Area 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 Blue navigation arrows Shifts the map the direction of the arrow Google Maps button top right Displays satellite imagery of current map on screen Latitude Longitude bottom left Displays the coordinates of the mouse over the map Map Made up of a background image and interactive layers Navigation and Map Use Methods of navigation District selection From the initial map the user will be able to select the district municipality that contains the location of the place being searched for by clicking on the map The map will then zoom into that district and turn on the local municipalities within that district The DistrictMunicipalities layer will be automatically turned off If the user then selects the local municipality the map will zoom into that local municipality and automatically turn on the critica
52. on efforts especially on CBA 1 areas that have been identified as degraded Degraded areas are shown as a hatched overlay in the MapInfo version of the EBCP To provide a finer level of detail the ECBCP suggests acceptable unacceptable and conditional forms of land use for each BLMC and hence for each of the CBAs linked to that BLMC These are shown in Table 5 20 Table 5 Recommended Permissible Land Uses for Terrestrial CBAs and BLMCs Abbreviations Yes permitted No not permitted Conditional Approval conditional on environmental authorization CBA Map Category _ Sn Q Ee V aS e ea Critical Biodiversit y Area 2 Areas with Code See Table 1 T1 T2 C1 C2 QUIS es sts for more details T3 ee Yes Conditional No No No No No No No Box 10 A cautionary note Always verify the information with a site visit The ECBCP is based on the best available data and methods but it is not a fine scale plan In addition the data is not always 100 accurate This means that when a development application is assessed or when a forward plan is developed it is crucially important to conduct site visits to check the information on the ground The ECBCP is not a substitute for a full evaluation These guidelines will help with identifying appropriate land uses for each BLMC However land use decision making for biodiversity conservation is complex and involves many variables that ca
53. on the ground 6 Manage and monitor adaptive management to maintain biodiversity features Systematic biodiversity planning is currently at a more advanced stage for terrestrial than for aquatic ecosystems As a result such plans are usually done separately Main source Ferrar and Lotter 2007 Table 1 Criteria used to map CBAs and other categories in the ECBCP Category Features used to define categories Statutory protected areas They include all national parks RE provincial nature reserves A2 Non statutory protected areas municipal and private Protected area 2 y P p P conservation areas Terrestrial Critical Biodiversity Areas Protected Areas Protected area 1 Critically endangered vegetation types ecosystems identified though ECBCP the systematic conservation assessment Critically endangered vegetations types from STEP Critically endangered forest patches in terms of the National Forest Assessment Areas essential for meeting biodiversity targets for biodiversity features SA vegetation types expert mapped priority areas KZN systematic conservation planning priorities Forest clusters identified as critical in the forestry planning process Berliner et al 2006 Endangered vegetation types identified through the ECBCP systematic conservation assessment Endangered vegetations types from STEP Endangered forest patches in terms of the National Forest Assessment
54. otential e The Info Tool box contains an estimate of the extent of land in that sub quaternary catchment that has forestry potential This 1s shown in the line AFFOR HAs This figure excludes land classified as CBA 1 and 2 e The Info Tool box also lists the amount of land in that sub quaternary catchment that was still available for afforestation at the time when this information was compiled in the line AFFOR MAX HAs 43 3 7 Creating a Report This paragraph is of necessity fairly general as the type and format of the report generated depends on your organisation s requirements 3 1 Printing a map directly This is the standard Windows procedure Click on the lt Print gt button of File Print and the standard Windows window Maps are better printed in landscape to fill the entire page rather than only part of the page Note Do not try to print from LAND_USE WOR CATCHMENT WOR or AFFORESTATION_POTENTIAL WOR files as the print file 15 too large to print both colours and relief 3 7 2 Cutting and pasting into Word or Powerpoint We recommend that you use the FreeWare application Mr Snappy 95 a copy 1s included on the CD 1 Start the application by double clicking on Mr Snappy 950 icon in ECBCP directory This will open the application and let it run in the background 2 When you have located the information you need press Ctrl Shift S and a Mr Snappy window will open 2 Point with y
55. our mouse pointer to the top left corner of the image you want to capture press down on the left mouse button and pull the mouse pointer down to enclose the area you want to capture 4 Release the button when you have what you want Open the application you want to paste it into e g Word and click the lt Paste gt button or command The image will be pasted into the application 3 7 3 Enclosing MapInfo object a Word document You drag and drop sections of MapInfo into MS Word This method gives you a very clear image but unfortunately has a number of shortcomings One is that the person reading the document has to have MapInfo installed on his or her machine The other is that the file 15 enormous and many Internet Service Providers will not allow you to send the file Anyone with a dial up connection will take a long time to download the file We recommend that you do not use this method It is documented in detail in the MapInfo manual should you wish to do your report this way 44 Chapter 4 How to Use the ECBCP Decision Support System Website User Guide Derek Berliner 4 1 Introduction This chapter provides instructions on how to use the website version of the ECBCP decision support system The web based version of the ECBCP is available at www ecoplanner co za Please note that the information on the website is identical to that on the CD although presented in a slightly different format 4
56. ow You can either scroll down till you find the number or farm you are looking for or you can re enter the search criteria and try again FARM_NUMBE 7897437 Exact match not found aaaaaaaaaaaaaHMBURG ALEXANDRIA ALWIJN BALMORAL ANNEX LEEUFONTEIN BAFFULO DORP BESTE HOOP amp Respecify OK Cancel Help Move up and down using the lt Up gt and lt Down gt buttons then click on the required farm number and then click the OK button The required farm will be centred on the map 3 6 5 How dol find a site using longitude and latitude In communal areas you may need to find a site using longitude and latitude To do this 1 Open MapInfo as previously described 2 Once the map is open zoom in so that you can see a town or village close to the area you wish to view You can also use the search function as described above to find the relevant city town or village 2 Click on the value shown in the bottom left hand corner of the MapInfo window 40 Zoom Window Width Map Scale Cursor Location Zoom 11 49 km 4 Select the Cursor location option The window will close and the latitude and longitude will be shown in decimal format Moving the mouse cursor shows the longitude and latitude of the tip of the mouse pointer If you need degrees minutes and seconds then multiply the decimal value by 60 to get the minutes and then the resulting decimal value to produce seconds The following is an e
57. ow impact tourism activities To further guide land use decision making the ECBCP recommends permissible land use types for each terrestrial BLMC see Table 4 based on the impact of these land uses on biodiversity It should be noted that this list does not include every possible form of land use Even within a land use type there are variations in the intensity and impact on biodiversity and these too cannot be included here These guidelines are not able to provide this level of detail but instead provide a broad framework to assess proposals for land use change 19 Table 4 also calls attention to land use changes that require environmental authorization e g an EIA These are listed as conditional Table 4 Recommended Permissible Land Uses for Terrestrial BLMCs Abbreviations No not recommended Yes recommended Conditional Approval conditional on environmental authorisation Land use Commercial livestock ranching No No Ye Ye Drylanderopping No No Conditional ves _ Le emma ve Condtond Yes xe enti ve Box 9 Restoration and rehabilitation of biodiversity Dairy farming Ecological restoration and rehabilitation 15 difficult to achieve and can be expensive depending on the ecosystem and vegetation type involved However if funding is available it would make sense to focus restoration and rehabilitati
58. p 6 Click the OK button The Find form should open FARM LABEL municipality Enter object name to find Respecify Cancel Help 7 Enter the farm label into the FARM_LABEL field 8 Enter the municipality in the municipality field We need to use the municipality because the farm label is not unique 37 FARM LABEL 108 0 NAME B urgersdorp Respecify Cancel Help 9 Click the lt OK gt button The Find form should clear and the farm should be Shown with an icon such as a red star 10 If you get something wrong the Find form will present you with all the possible variations In the following example the municipality Gariep is incorrectly spelt MapInfo finds all the possible F108 0 farms and displays the possible municipalities FARM LABEL 108 0 municipality Garip Boundary not found boundary Senqu 11 Knowing that the farm is in the municipality allows us to click on the option and then click the lt OK gt button which will then mark the relevant farm 38 Mapinfo ProViewer File Select Options Window Help Terrestrial Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMC1 maintain natural state ONE Us dC Alas Aat CEDE BLMC2 maintain near natural state 43 j af BLMC3 functional landscapes BLMC4 towns amp settlements BLMCA cultivated land BLMCA plantation woodlots Inland water aot 4 250 Degraded A 92 ARCAM RON
59. provides the official name of the Municipality Population This column provides an indication of the population of the Municipality Total Hectares This column provides the total area of the Municipality in hectares Urban HAs This column provides the total area of land covered by the towns and cities of the Municipality in hectares Cultivated HAs This column provides the total area of cultivated land in the Municipality in hectares Plantation HAs This column provides the total area under plantations in the Municipality in hectares CBAI HAs This column provides the total area of 1 land in the Municipality in hectares Please note that this figure includes protected areas even though they are shown as a separate category on the map of CBAs CBA2 HAs This column provides the total area of CBA2 land in the Municipality in hectares Water HAs This column provides the total area of water in the Municipality in hectares Natural HAs This column provides the total area of natural vegetation in the Municipality in hectares Degraded HAs This column provides the total area of degraded land in the Municipality in hectares 34 3 6 3 Using the Info Tool The Info Tool provides information about an area town or municipality You can use the Info Tool in two ways Directly or Using the browsers 3 6 3 1 Using the Info Tool Directly Click the nfo button li and then click the place of interest on t
60. r computer must have more than 128 MB of RAM and your hard drive must have 1 5 GB of free space gt Check that your computer has CD disk drive 6 If is has these requirements then you can begin to load MapInfo 3 4 Installing MapInfo on your Machine There are two methods of installing MapInfo on your personal computer PC or laptop 1 You use the install shield the CDs provided OR 2 You can down load the file off the internet 3 4 1 Installing from a CD This description assumes that you have been given a CD Insert the CD into the CD drive The PC will scan the disk and a help file will open This help file will guide you through the rest of the installation procedures This installation will also transfer the ECBCP files to your computer Note Please read the MapInfo End User Licence Agreement document that is included on the CD 3 4 2 Downloading your MapInfo from the Internet If you want to download MapInfo from the internet go to the MapInfo website www mapinfo com and follow the directions for installing MapInfo as given on the site Don t forget to register MapInfo 1s completely free software there is no payment involved You will need to transfer the ECBCP files from the CD to your computer yourself 3 5 Navigating Around Now that MapInfo and the ECBCP files are on your machine you can start to use the system to e identify sites and areas in the Province at a r
61. r things is much the same Only searches for specific properties farms searches using longitude and latitude and searches for rural communities are described here Farms are identified in GIS in two ways l Farm Number A farm name is the official 20 digit cadastral number If you get it right it should take you directly to the farm as it 1s a unique number 2 Farm Label A farm label is label provided by municipal or other authorities It is not unique so there could be many farms identified by a single farm label 3 6 4 1 To find a farm using Farm Label l Click the Select Find option The Find form will open Click the lt Respecify gt button if the Respecify form is not yet open 36 Search Table cadastral for Objects in Column FAR M LABEL Optional Refine Search with T able municipality m using Boundary Name Column municipality Mark with Symbol 7 Cancel Help Select cadastral from the Search Table drop down box Select FARM LABEL from the for Objects in Column drop down box Select municipality in the Refine Search with Table drop down box oue MK us Select municipality in the Using Boundary Name Column drop down box Search Table for Objects in Column FAR M LABEL Optional Refine Search with T able municipality using Boundary Name Column municipality Mark with Symbol r Find in Front Window Only Cancel Hel
62. rmation on the ECBCP map s with a site visit Source Ferrar and L tter 2007 These include the STEP the NSBA DWAF Forest Conservation Planning Wild Coast Conservation Plan Pondoland Systematic Conservation Plan the planning phases of C A P E SKEP and the Grasslands Programmes and the Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier project Chapter 1 Identifying Critical Biodiversity Areas in the Eastern Cape Philip Desmet Derek Berliner and Amanda Younge Hayes 1 1 What are Critical Biodiversity Areas Critical Biodiversity Areas CBAs are terrestrial and aquatic features in the landscape that are critical for conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem functioning 1 2 Why identify Critical Biodiversity Areas In terms of the Biodiversity Act Act 10 of 2004 the Minister or the MEC for environmental affairs 1n a province may determine a geographic region as a bioregion for the purposes of the Act and publish a plan for the management of biodiversity in that region This plan is termed a bioregional plan and must contain measures for the effective management of biodiversity in the region A bioregional plan must contain a map of CBAs including terrestrial and aquatic features and ecological corridors The map must show four main categories e Existing protected areas Critical biodiversity areas for example threatened ecosystems ecological corridors special habitats wetlands and priority sub catchments
63. s are identified by the adjacent Entire Layer label E g View Entire Layer Button bar buttons are shown in text with a label and a graphic E g Open File 21 Select Options Map Window Help Select All Fram Cosmetic Layer Drop down menus are shown as the master menu option and then the sub option E g Select Find Change View View Entire Layer L Pop up menu The option selected is in italics E g Popup menu Previous View 3 Turn Autoscroll OFF Fo d 7 A Fields are identified by italicised labels E g Zoom Window Width View Entire Layer M Cancel Forms are identified by the name in the title E g View Entire Layer form 3 3 Before you start The first thing that you need to check is that your computer can handle the MapInfo application It is quite easy to do this but if you have an IT department they will be able to help you l Click on the Start button on your task bar ie Start Please note that the following pictures were generated on an XP machine so there might be small differences in the look and feel of the forms on your PC but the basic procedure is fairly standard 2 Click on the Control Panel option A Control Panel Form should open 26 amp Control Panel Seles File Edit Favorites Tools Help ae 2 Search Folders Fea Address p Control Panel amp B 9 V Control Panel A Accessi
64. s in the ECBCP folder to open it If you have a fast computer you could open LAND_USE WOR instead It contains the same information but also shows relief land form However please note that it will work more slowly and that it is very difficult to print from LAND_USE WOR 3 Click on it and then click lt gt relevant forms should open See the next picture 29 Mapinfo ProViewer File Select Options Window Help 2 borderlines provinces legend Map Terrestrial Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMC1 maintain natural state BLMC2 maintain near natural state BLMC3 functional landscapes BLMCA towns amp settlements BLMC4 cultivated land BLMC4 plantation woodlots Inland water Degraded munic WESTERN oy NU PH municipality PROVINCE 1 5 Aberdeen Plain 7 6 amp mahiathi i Baviaans E JA TRUE DISTRICT eati d J Blue Crane Route ae Buffalo City Camdeboo Elundini Emalahleni gt NELSON MANDELA records 1 14 of 42 You are now ready to start using the ECBCP with MapInfo 3 5 1 Button Bar The button bar runs across the top of the MapInfo form Note MapInfo has an extensive and informative Help file and users manual The ECBCP manual only covers the topics covered in those publications very briefly Please refer to those publications for a more detailed description of application usag
65. show dramatic changes Transformation of catchments also results in loss in stream flow and a decline water quality through increased sedimentation and agricultural chemicals run off This can damage estuaries many of which are important CBAs As with terrestrial CBAs aquatic CBAs are grouped into BLMCs see Table 2 Fig 7 shows the Aquatic BLMCs ABLMCs as identified in the ECBCP The ECBCP recommends limits thresholds to the total amount of land transformation that should be allowed in ABLMC and 2 if biodiversity is to be conserved The goal is to maintain sufficiently large intact and well connected habitat patches in each sub quaternary catchment to prevent the consequences outlined above For example when an estuary is identified as CBA 1 EI the sub quaternary catchments that supply this estuary with fresh water should not be transformed too heavily Recommended catchment transformation thresholds for each ABLMC are set out in Table 6 Table 6 Suggested transformation thresholds ABLMC CBA Description of CBAs ABLMC Transformation Code Threshold Al A3a Critically important river sub Less than 10 of total area of catchments Priority primary sub quaternary catchment catchments for E1 estuaries ABLMC 2a A2a Important sub catchments Primary Less than 15 of total area of A3b catchment management areas for E2 sub quaternary catchment estuaries ABLMC 2b A2b Catchments of free flowing rivers Less
66. tion Biodiversity target A quantitative target that tells us how much of each biodiversity feature needs to be conserved in order to conserve a representative sample of biodiversity pattern and key ecological and evolutionary processes Targets are expressed as for example numbers of hectares of a vegetation type Biome A biome is a broad classification of vegetation according to the kind of plants that occur there which is influenced by factors such as soil and climate A biome is not usually found only in one part of the country Depending on the climate and features of the landscape a particular biome can be distributed in patches like forest in the kloofs of mountains all over the country Bioregion An area defined by its natural ecosystems and human communities A bioregion is identified by local people governments and scientists It must be large enough to maintain the integrity of the plant and animal communities but small enough for local people to think of it as home A more technical definition is a specified geographic area of any scale that contains whole or several nested ecosystems and which can be characterised by its landforms vegetation cover human culture and history Bioregional programme A plan for a region which brings human communities together to identify their problems and goals and agree on an approach and projects It focuses on methods for the effective management of the region s biodiversity and the long ter
67. ut that municipality population hectares etc The same applies to the other lines on the form The land cover line on the form will tell you what the existing land cover land use 1s at that spot cultivated land towns and settlements water plantation etc Please note that if no land cover line 1s shown this means that the area 15 a natural area 1 1s covered mostly by natural vegetation In LAND USE light WOR if the area on the map that your mouse cursor is pointing at is coloured dark green or light green 1 e if itis a BLMC 1 or 2 the form will tell you whether the area was identified as a CBA 1 or CBA 2 and will set out briefly the reasons for this classification For an explanation of these reasons refer to Table 1 in Chapter 1 of this Handbook Some areas are identified as CBAs for several reasons Each of these 1s set out in a separate line on the Info Tool form The Info Tool box also provides the BLMC classification of the site Sometimes it will show two different BLMC s for the same site In such situations the map colour will indicate the correct BLMC Some areas coloured light green on the map BLMC 2 may have a CBA 1 classification in the table The reason why they are not classified as BLMC 1 is due to their being in a degraded state 3 6 4 How do I find a specific property Open MapInfo as previously described Note The following description is for finding a farm The procedure for searching for othe
68. water cycle is truly a cycle there is no beginning or end Water can change states among liquid vapour and ice at various places in the water cycle with these processes happening in the blink of an eye and over millions of years Source Wikipedia Indicator species can include species of special concern such as rare threatened keystone species or 53 umbrella species Source Berliner D amp Desmet P 2007 Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth Land covers include grass tarmac trees bare ground water etc There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover field survey and through analysis of remotely sensed imagery Source Wikipedia Land use management The use of procedures to restrict or regulate the use of land e g in reactive decision making in response to applications by landowners for changes in land use Mean annual runoff This is defined as the average annual flow of a river under natural conditions Source Stats SA Listed activities A list of specific activities which may pose harm or a threat to the well being of the environment and which therefore require prior investigation to ensure against unnecessary damage to the environment The investigation forms part of the environmental impact assessment EIA which is regulated by the provincial environmental conservation department Municipalities must by law ensure that applicants have acquired this authorizatio
69. with cultivation urban development plantations etc and biodiversity and ecological processes are thus irreversibly destroyed Thicket A biome consisting of dense bushes and small trees many of them succulent fat leaves or stems or thorny In some areas thicket is so dense that it is impossible to walk through solid thicket Elsewhere it occurs as mosaic thicket where clumps of thicket vegetation are scattered within other kinds of vegetation This is the biome that is most common in the STEP region Vegetation The collective term for plants in an area Often referred to as bush or veld Vegetation Type Vegetation types are a more detailed classification of vegetation than biomes Each biome consists of several different vegetation types that are similar to each other Virgin land Natural veld that has not been damaged This usually refers to land that has not been ploughed for the cultivation of crops 55 For further information contact Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Economic Development and Environment Affairs DEDEA Website http dept ecprov gov za Private Bag X0054 Bhisho 5605 Tel 040 609 3094 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry DWAF Website http www dwaf gov za Eastern Cape Regional Office Private Bag X7485 King Williams Town 5600 Tel 043 604 5400 SA National Biodiversity Institute SANBI Website http bgis sanbi org SANBI Bioregional Programmes Coordinator Pr
70. wser option municipality browser should open MapInfo ProViewer File Select Options Window Help 2 borderlines provinces legend Map Be QU UP Ur ue Um A E Legend Terrestrial Biodiversity Land Management Classes BLMC1 maintain natural state BLMC2 maintain near natural state BLMC3 functional landscapes BLMC4 towns amp settlements BLMC4 cultivated land BLMCA plantation woodlots Inland water Degraded M Engcobo E Gariep NYX EAS HIONDON COAST NATURE RESERVE or TS m ere 7 M P 25 527 a records 1 14 of 42 33 2 Select the municipality you wish to view and click the square box next to the name of the municipality 5 Click the drop down menu Select Find Selection The map should move to the municipality and the municipality should be highlighted Note If necessary MapInfo will zoom outwards or inwards to encompass the entire municipality 3 6 2 1 X Municipality Browser Information The municipality browser contains additional information in a series of columns which you can access by using the slider bar The following graphic shows some of the additional columns municipality Browser 21 718 358 859 1 156 4 546 3 771 193 818 197 997 425 249 14 884 13 713 14 473 178 927 intsika Yethu 208 381 381 555 36 837 62 889 5572 5 541 31 757 The following table gives a brief summary of the columns and the data they provide Municipality This column
71. xample of a decimal to degrees minutes and seconds For a value of 25 5669 degrees proceed as follows 25 degrees 0 5669 X 60 34 014 i e 25 degrees 34 minutes 0 014 X 60 0 84 Rounding up gives 1 second The result is 25 25 1 This description 1s to convert degrees minutes and seconds to degrees and decimals For a value of 2545731 25 degrees 45 60 0 75 3 60 60 0 0086 0 75 0 0086 0 7586 25 7586 degrees 3 6 6 How do I find a specific rural community Just as with towns municipalities and farms small rural communities can be found using Select Find To do this l Open MapInfo as previously described 2 Once the map is open zoom in so that you can see a town or village close to the area you are looking for 3 Click the Select Find option The Find form will open Click the lt Respecify gt button if the Respecify form 15 not yet open Search T able for Objects in Column placename gt l Optional Refine Search with Table using Boundary Name Column none Mark with Symbol x Find in Front Window Only Cancel Help 4 Select communities from the Search Table drop down box 5 Click the OK button The Find form should open 4 placename Exact match not found 6 Enter the name of the community into the into the placename field Note that only the first 9 letters of the community name will be shown 7 Click the lt gt
72. ynbos are found on sandy soils mainly on mountains and along the coast Fynbos is restricted mostly to the south western Cape where most rain falls in the winter and to the in western coastal and mountain areas of the Eastern Cape Global warming Carbon dioxide and other so called greenhouse gasses prevent heat from escaping from the Earth into space Due to the increasing amounts of these gasses that are being produced by humankind the concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere have become so high that the average temperatures on Earth are beginning to rise This has serious implications for humans and biodiversity such as the melting of the polar ice caps which will cause a rise in global sea level It is important that we all decrease our production of these gasses Grassland A biome dominated by different species of grasses with very few bushes or trees For most of the year only grass can be seen but in spring a variety of flowers sprout from underground bulbs As in fynbos and savanna fire is a natural and important part of these systems Habitat The natural home of a plant or an animal The habitat of a frog might be a wetland whereas the habitat of a kudu is veld with tall shrubs and trees that it eats Hydrologic cycling The Earth s water always in movement and the water cycle also known as the hydrologic cycle describes the continuous movement of water on above and below the surface of the Earth Since the

Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan - bgis

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