THE DEPARMENT OF DEFENSE
Contents
1. Select Done use the default settings for the Rational method hydrograph Select OK At this point you should have hydrographs defined for the drainage coverage These hydrographs will be used as input to the storm drain problem 3 4 Creating the Pipe Network You will now create a storm drain pipe network that connects the isolated interior basin to the others and exits west of the watershed outlet You will do this by creating a Storm Drain coverage and then digitizing the storm drain pipes using the Create Feature Arc tool 3 4 1 Digitizing Storm Drain Pipes New Folder Coordinate Conversion 5 Map Data verages General ages 1 1 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Project Explorer Select New Coverage Change the Coverage type to Storm Drain FHWA Select OK Select the Create Feature Arc tool Beginning at a point just to the left west of the outlet of the watershed basin 3 begin a pipe network segment and end it by double clicking on top of the outlet of basin 3 Now complete the storm drain network by creating the pipe segments from downstream to upstream between basin 3 and basin 2 basin 2 and basin 1 and a connection from the pipe between basin 2 and basin 1 to the outlet of basin 4 Be sure that feature nodes segment endings are created by double clicking to end the arc to correspond with the storm Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 3 9 drain inlets of the drain2. 1 3 Compute Flows from the Rational Method Now we will set up our Rational Method analysis to compute peak flows for each subbasin We will use the computed peak flows in our SWMM storm drain network 1 3 1 Creating the Drainage Coverage 1 Select the Drainage coverage from the Project Explorer to make it the active coverage 2 Select File Open a 3 Open runoff shp and drainage shp 4 Switch to the GIS module 1 4 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 5 Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects 6 Select Yes to use all visible shapes 7 Select Next Next Next and then Finish Figure 1 2 shows how the layout should look 8 Hide runoff shp and drainage shp by deselecting their icons in the Project Explorer Drainage outlet Figure 1 2 Drainage basins and streams for the subdivision Before defining nodes as storm drains drainage outlets we will hide the Runoff Coefficient coverage in order to simplify the screen display 9 Toggle the visibility check box for the Runoff Coefficient coverage off in the Project Explorer 10 Ensure that Drainage is the active coverage and that your current module is the Map module 11 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool 12 Double click on the node labeled Drainage Outlet in Figure 1 2 13 Change the Point Type to Drainage Outlet and select OK 1 3 2 1 3 3 SWMM Modeling 1 5 14 Select Feature Objects Compute Basin Data 15 Click the Current Coordinates
3. Defining Rainfall Data 1 Click on the Rainfall Data button 2 Select the Run Compute IDF Curve Dialog option 3 Select OK 4 Choose the User Supplied Data option as the IDF curve computation 5 Click the Define Storm Data button 6 Change the Recurrence value to 25 yr 7 Enter the precipitation values shown in Figure 2 6 Storm Drain Rational Design 2 11 Input variables for IDF curves Variables for user specified data Recurrence yr 25 v 5 min in hr 223 10 min fin hr 11 82 15 min inh 4 30 min in hr fio 60 min finhr 6e 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Cancel Figure 2 6 Values for computing the 25 yr IDF curve Select OK Highlight the line corresponding to the 25 yr precipitation values from the window in the upper right hand corner of the dialog Select Done Select OK twice to return to the WMS interface Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module ae Choose the Select Basin tool M Double click on the basin labeled 4B Notice that the intensity value computed in the Storm Drain interface has been copied here as well and Q is now computed for the basin 15 Select OK to exit the Rational Method dialog 2 4 3 Defining the Outfall and Manhole Locations 1 2 Click on the Storm Drain coverage in the Project Explorer to select it Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool Double click on the node in the lower left hand corner of the subdivision as shown in Fi
4. NETWORK cccccccccecccecececccecccecesscecscscesecscscesecececscscesscesececssesesacesssesesesesenenssenans 3 8 3 5 SAVING THE SIMULATION AND RUNNING STORM DRAN ccccccecesececececeseeeesescececececececeeecececeseseeees 3 13 1 SWMM Modeling SWMM is a hydrologic and hydraulic analysis tool used primarily designing and analyzing for storm drain systems Hydrologic parameters are defined to obtain hydrographs and peak flows which can then be fed into the hydraulic component of the model The hydraulic component lets engineers analyze the capacity of a current storm drain system or design a system to meet certain inflow conditions WMS supports both EPA SWMM developed by the Water Supply and Water Resources Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency s National Risk Management Research Laboratory and xpswmm developed by XP Software 1 1 Objectives In this exercise we will set up a drainage simulation based on the Rational Method for a proposed subdivision The objective of this exercise is to teach you the basic steps for defining a SWMM input file running the numeric model and viewing the results These steps include the following 1 Define runoff coefficients 2 Compute flows using the Rational Method 3 Import a pipe network 4 Run SWMM and view results 5 Route hydrographs using SWMM and view results 1 2 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 1 2 Defining Runoff Coefficients 1 2 1 Reading in
5. Select OK to close the Rational Method dialog We have now set up a traditional rational simulation for the Cougar Estates subdivision The only remaining step is to define the IDF curves This step will be included as part of the Storm Drain process We will now import a pre defined pipe network assign properties to the network and link it to the Drainage coverage 2 4 Importing the Pipe Network As mentioned above we will be importing a pipe network to use in our Storm Drain simulation This network was defined as a shapefile and will be converted to feature objects in WMS WMS can also open DXF files and convert them to feature objects Alternatively users can manually create a pipe network using the Create Feature Arc tool 1 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Project Explorer 2 Select New Coverage 3 Change the Coverage type to Storm Drain FHWA gt Select OK Storm Drain Rational Design 2 9 5 Select File Open 7 6 Open pipenetwork shp 7 Switch to the GIS module 8 Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects 9 Select Yes to use all visible shapes 10 Select Next Next and Finish 11 Hide pipenetwork shp 2 4 1 Entering Job Control Data 1 Switch to the Map module 2 Select Storm Drain Job Control 3 Enter Storm Drain Rational for the Title 4 Choose the English option for the Units 5 Click on the Pipe Data Properties button This dialog allows users to define a set of pi
6. Select another basin and define its parameters until all basin data is defined For more details on defining a Rational Simulation see the chapter on Rational method analysis Volume 2 Chapter 5 _ Figure 3 5 Basin locations Storm Drain Hydrographic Design Table 3 1 Rational Method basin parameters Basin C I in hr min 1 0 10 2 4 22 2 0 15 2 7 18 3 0 15 3 1 12 4 0 20 3 8 07 2 Select OK in the Rational Method dialog 3 3 2 Defining Rational Method Routing Parameters 1 Define the intensity and routing time for the four confluence points connected to the basins according to Table 3 2 As with basins reach data are entered by double clicking on the yellow outlet icons using the Select Outlet tool Q Table 3 2 Rational Method routing parameters Outlet Routing Lag min I in hr 1 5 2 4 2 4 1 9 3 0 1 7 4 0 3 8 2 Select OK in the Rational Method dialog 3 3 3 Computing Hydrographs 1 Double click on the outlet for the isolated interior basin the outlet of basin 4 in Figure 3 5 2 Choose the Compute Hydrographs button at the bottom of the Outlet column 3 8 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 8 Select Done use the default settings for the Rational method hydrograph Select OK Double click on the outlet for the entire watershed the outlet of basin 3 in Figure 3 5 Choose the Compute Hydrographs button at the bottom of the Outlet column
7. button 16 Set the horizontal system to use a local projection and set the horizontal and vertical units as U S Survey Feet 17 Select OK 18 Set Basin Areas to Acres and Distances to Feet 19 Select OK Computing Runoff Coefficients Composite runoff coefficients must be computed for each drainage area A weighted average for each drainage area is calculated from data in the Runoff Coefficient coverage To compute the basin runoff coefficients 1 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module 2 Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes 3 Set the Computation type as Runoff coefficients 4 Select OK Composite runoff coefficients for each drainage area are computed and displayed on the screen Entering Times of Concentration The Time of Concentration for a basin can be calculated using a Time Computation coverage For this exercise however it is assumed that the TC values have already been calculated and we will input them manually 1 Change the Model drop down box located towards the top of the WMS interface to Rational 2 Choose the Select Basin tool Ll 3 Double click on the basin icon for the basin in the lower left hand corner of the subdivision 4 Enter 14 minutes for the Time of Concentration 5 Select each of the remaining drainage basins and assign Time of Concentration values using Figure 1 3 as a guide 1 6 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Figure 1 3 TC values for the drainage areas 6 S
8. condition the Subtype to be Reticuline the Width to be 2 0 the Length to be 6 0 the Inlet Perimeter to be 16 0 and the Area to be 8 5 3 6 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Select OK Select OK Select one of the other two remaining outlets this will ensure that the two selected outlets become unselected Now while holding down the SHIFT key select the remaining outlet the one that has not yet been selected Select Feature Objects Attributes Set the Drainage Feature Point Type to be Storm drain inlet Choose the Properties button Set the Type to be Grate on grade the Subtype to be Reticuline the Width to be 2 0 and the Length to be 6 0 Select OK Select OK Select Feature Objects Compute Basin Data Select OK 3 3 Running a Rational Analysis We will perform a simple Rational analysis of this subdivision and use the Rational method hydrographs as input for the hydrographic storm drain analysis You should remember though that any of the hydrologic analysis models in WMS can be used or input hydrographs may be entered manually 1 2 Select the Hydrologic Modeling module ae Change the Model drop down box located at the top of the WMS interface to Rational 3 3 1 Defining Rational Method Basin Parameters 1 Double click on one of the basin icons using the Select Basin tool and define the basin parameters according to Figure 3 5 and Table 3 1
9. pipe invert elevations flows velocities and hydraulic grade line computations 16 Close Notepad 3 Storm Drain Hydrographic Design Storm Drain is a hydraulic analysis and design program for storm drain and sanitary sewer systems It was developed by the Federal Highway Administration FHWA with the intent of providing hydraulic engineers a quick and accurate method of designing and analyzing storm drain sanitary sewer and combination systems The Storm Drain interface in WMS uses the same HYDRA program to perform calculations that is currently part of the FHWA s HYDRAIN suite of hydraulic programs This exercise demonstrates how to use WMS to set up a Hydrographic Drainage simulation for use with Storm Drain We will set up drainage areas and Runoff Coefficients for a subdivision similar to the previous chapter but we will also specify gutter locations in the Drainage coverage As illustrated in this exercise the pipe network does not need to flow parallel or in the same direction as the over lying drainage However there are some limitations in the way the drainage coverage is constructed in order to run a hydrographic analysis with Storm Drain The most important limitation is that each inflow hydrograph needs to be associated with one and only one gutter at the storm drain inlet In other words extra stream arcs that are not part of the gutter leading into the inlet should be deleted In this analysis
10. to 1 and the ending hour to 3 and click OK to exit the dialog 15 Select Analyze Solve or click the Solve button Leg 16 Name the file swmmtut out and click Save SWMM Modeling 1 13 1 5 2 Viewing SWMM Output 1 After the model is done running select any link and select Results Review Results This option will open a plot showing the upstream and downstream water surface elevations at any point throughout the model run and the computed flows and velocities 2 Click Close and with the same link selected select Results Dynamic Section Views 3 Click the Play button LP This option will play an animation of the storm flow as it moves through your selected link It displays both a profile view and cross sectional view of the flow through the pipe and the flow graph we saw in the previous plot Feel free to explore the rest of the options under the Results menu or close xpswmm Leave your WMS project open for the next example 1 6 Running EPA SWMM and Viewing Results This section describes how to export and run an EPA SWMM model The EPA SWMM model offers many features that can be used to modify your hydrologic analysis customize your drain system and analyze the model output The features covered here represent just a few of the features you might find helpful 1 Select SWMM Run EPA SWMM 2 Name the file epaswmmtut inp and click Save WMS saves an EPA SWMM project file and as lo
11. viewing the results These steps include the following 1 Define runoff coefficients 2 Define the drainage area 3 Compute flows for each basin using the Rational Method 4 Import a pipe network 5 Define the necessary parameters for the network 6 Link nodes from the drainage network to their corresponding nodes in the pipe network 2 2 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 7 8 9 Assign elevations to the pipe network Save the Storm Drain input file and run the simulation View the solution 2 2 Defining Runoff Coefficients 2 2 1 Reading in the Subdivision Layout and Elevations We will open a shapefile containing the geography of the proposed subdivision Also to help us in defining elevations and slopes for the drainage area we will open a TIN Triangulated Irregular Network for the area 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Close all instances of WMS Open WMS Select File Open Locate the folder C Program Files WMSS84 tutorial stormrat Open cougarestates tin Right click on the Coverages folder in the Project Explorer Select New Coverage from the pop up menu Change the Coverage type to Runoff Coefficient Select OK Select File Open Open cougarestates shp Switch to the GIS module Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects Select Yes to use all visible shapes Select Next Ensure that the Runoff coefficient is mapped Select Next and then Finish Storm
12. we will generate input hydrographs using the Rational Method calculator but it should be emphasized that any hydrologic method that produces a hydrograph can be used or hydrographs may be entered manually 3 2 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 3 1 Objectives In this exercise we will set up a hydrographic storm drain simulation for a hypothetical subdivision The objective of this exercise is to teach you the basic steps for defining a Storm Drain input file for hydrographic analysis These steps include the following 1 Build the drainage basins and make adjustments for limitations in doing a hydrographic analysis Perform a simple Rational Method analysis to generate input hydrographs Digitize a small pipe network based on the surface drainage Define the necessary parameters for the pipe network Run Storm Drain HYDRA View the solution 3 2 Developing the Surface Drainage Coverage We will begin with a drainage coverage created with techniques typical to those described in earlier chapters In order to prepare the drainage coverage for storm drain analysis we will eliminate all of the stream arcs except those that lead into a given outlet a storm drain inlet in this case Having extra branching streams prevents WMS from building the storm drain input file correctly You must decide which arc represents the primary stream in this case a gutter into an inlet and delete the others 1 2 Close all instances of WMS Open WM
13. 1 Free Outfall button 7 Inthe Outfall Control dialog select Use normal depth Yn 8 Click OK OK then OK to exit all the dialogs 9 Select Configuration Job Control Hydraulics 10 In the Job Control dialog change the ending day to 1 and the ending hour to 3 and then click OK to close the dialog 11 Select Analyze Solve or click the Solve button 12 Name the file swmm_hyd out and click Save 13 View the results as before and notice the difference between using a constant inflow and a time series inflow This concludes the SWMM modeling tutorial Feel free to explore with the WMS interface or the SWMM interface if you wish CHAPTER 2 Storm Drain Rational Design Storm Drain is a hydraulic analysis and design program for storm drain systems Developed by the Federal Highway Administration FHWA Storm Drain provides hydraulic engineers with a quick and accurate method of computing the capacity of an existing system or designing a system to meet a given set of input flows The Storm Drain interface in WMS uses the same HYDRA program that has been distributed by the FHWA as part of their HYDRAIN computer program package for the past several years 2 1 Objectives In this exercise we will set up a drainage simulation based on the Rational Method for a proposed subdivision The objective of this exercise is to teach you the basic steps for defining a Storm Drain input file running the numeric model and
14. Drain Rational Design 2 3 18 Hide cougarestates shp by deselecting it in the Project Explorer 2 2 2 Defining the Runoff Coefficients We will turn off the display of the TIN in order to better distinguish the subdivision polygons 5 Toggle the check box for the new TIN off in the Project Explorer 6 Switch to the Map module 7 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool D 8 Double click on the lower left polygon 9 Enter a runoff coefficient of 0 6 10 Select OK 11 Assign Runoff Coefficients for the remaining polygons as shown in Figure 2 1 0 98 Figure 2 1 Assigning runoff coefficients 2 3 Defining the Drainage Area First we will initialize the Storm Drain interface Initializing Storm Drain tells WMS to make available additional features needed to build a Storm Drain 2 4 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 model Then we will read in pre defined drainage boundaries and set up drainage inlets and a drainage outfall 2 3 1 Initializing Storm Drain 1 Change the Model drop down box located at the top of the WMS interface to Storm Drain FHWA 2 Select Storm Drain New Simulation 2 3 2 Creating the Drainage Coverage 1 Select the Drainage coverage in the Project Explorer 2 Select File Open Ga 3 Open runoff shp and drainage shp 4 Switch to the GIS module W 5 Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects 6 Select Yes to use all visible shapes 7 Select Next Next Next an
15. H es nn Figure 1 6 Cougar Estates Storm Drain Schematic from xpswmm 1 12 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 3 Double click on the node labeled Node 9 in Figure 1 6 The Node Data dialog displays the ground elevation invert elevation and inflow data as well as the ponding type and initial depth if specified in WMS 4 Click OK to close the Node Data dialog 5 Double click on the link labeled Link 9 in Figure 1 6 The Conduit Data dialog displays the pipe data we imported from WMS On the main window notice the edit fields for initial flow and initial depth 6 Click on the button labeled Conduit Profile Here we find information about the pipe dimensions and material as well as the invert and ground elevations for the upstream and downstream ends of the pipe 7 Click OK then OK again to close both dialogs Now before we can run SWMM we need to specify an outfall condition at the downstream outlet of our storm drain system and set up the run time parameters 8 Double click on the most downstream link in the network Link 3 in Figure 1 6 9 Click on the Outfall button For this exercise we ll assume a free outfall at the downstream outlet 10 Click on the Type 1 Free Outfall button 11 In the Outfall Control dialog select Use normal depth Yn 12 Click OK OK then OK to exit all the dialogs 13 Select Configuration Job Control Hydraulics 14 In the Job Control dialog change the ending day
16. S Switch to the Map module Select File Open Locate the folder C Program Files WMS84 tutorial stormhydro Open sdstart map Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 3 3 3 2 1 Eliminating Unnecessary Stream Arcs and Nodes Figure 3 1 shows the drainage coverage with the extra streams highlighted arrows provide additional clarification In order to prepare the drainage coverage correctly you will need to delete these stream arcs Figure 3 1 Initial drainage coverage with unnecessary stream arcs shown 1 Select the Select Feature Arc tool K 2 While holding down the SHIFT key for multi selection select the four arcs highlighted in Figure 3 1 3 Select the Delete macro T or Edit Delete or the DELETE key 4 Select You must now delete the extra nodes that were at the intersection of the arcs just deleted and the remaining arcs so that there is just a single arc entering the storm drain inlet points 5 Select the Select Feature Point Node tool 6 While holding down the SHIFT key select the three nodes identified by arrows in Figure 3 2 be sure to select the point to the right of the outlet at the far right and not the point that is the outlet 3 4 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Figure 3 2 Nodes that need to be converted to vertices 7 Select Feature Objects Vertex lt gt Node 3 2 2 Initializing Storm Drain Simulation In order to assign the remaining stream arcs to be gutters and the outlet p
17. Watershed Modeling System WMS v8 4 TUTORIALS Volume 4 STORM DRAIN MODELING WMS 8 4 Tutorials Volume 4 Copyright 2010 Aquaveo LLC All Rights Reserved Unauthorized duplication of the WMS software or documentation is strictly prohibited AQUAVEO LLC MAKES NO WARRANTIES EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REGARDING THE PROGRAM WMS AND ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THE VALIDITY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS USER S MANUAL The software WMS is a product of the Aquaveo LLC For more information about this software and related products contact Aquaveo at Aquaveo 75 South 200 East Suite 201 Provo Utah 84606 Tel 801 691 5528 e mail wms aquaveo com WWW http www aquaveo com For technical support contact Aquaveo s tech support number at 801 691 5530 Monday Friday 8am 5pm Mountain Time TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SWMM MODELING iiisssscccssssssssovsssssecnasessevestesseceasesseseesecbaseesestascodetecssdestasssbectesesdesteossbecdesuuessesestessevens 1 1 1 1 seen 1 1 1 2 DEFINING RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS cccccccccecececececccceccececesecececececesesesscecscsessesessessesscesecssseaeesasessesuanaes 1 2 1 3 COMPUTE FLOWS FROM THE RATIONAL METHOD cccccccecesecececccecesecececececececesesecesececeeseeseeeeseanaes 1 3 1 4 IMPORTING THE PIPE NETWORK ccccccccccececececcceceeccecececececececesscesesececscsecessecsseseseseessaseese
18. age coverage Your storm drain coverage should look similar to Figure 3 6 gt 2 fi Figure 3 6 View of the Storm Drain coverage 3 4 2 Entering Storm Drain Parameters 1 Select Storm Drain F HWA Job Control 2 Set the title to Hydrographic Storm Drain Analysis 3 Set the Criteria Switch to 3 Storm Hydrographic only 4 Set the timestep to 2 5 Set the Units to English 6 Choose the Pipe Data Properties button 7 Set the values according to Figure 3 7 3 10 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Pipe Data Properties Concrete Smooth v Cancel Pipe amp Flow Data Manning s roughness Minimum pipe diameter Minimum depth Minimum depth of cover nr m a Minimum velocity for full flaw s 3 Minimum slope Maximum pipe diameter r Invert Elevations and Fixed Diameter r Figure 3 7 Pipe properties 8 Select OK 9 Select OK 3 4 3 Defining the Outfall and Manhole Locations 1 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool x UA 2 Double click on the node to the left of the drainage basin 3 Set the Node Type as Outfall 4 Select OK 5 Use the SHIFT key to select the four nodes of the storm drain coverage that correspond to the four storm drain inlets manholes of the drainage coverage as shown in Figure 3 8 6 Select Feature Objects Attributes 7 Set the Node Type as Access Hole 8 Set the width to be 4 0 3 4 4 3 4 5 Storm Dra
19. asecesesauenseaes 1 7 1 5 RUNNING XPS WMM AND VIEWING RESULTS ccccccccccececececcesescesecececececececesecseesecesscseeessesseseensnaes 1 11 1 6 RUNNING EPA SWMM AND VIEWING RESULTS ccccccccccececececcceceeceececececesecesececesecesececeeeuseseeeeeaes 1 13 1 7 ROUTING HYDROGRAPHS IN 1 17 2 STORM DRAIN RATIONAL DESIGN 2200s00e22000000n0nsenennnsseensnnsnsensnsessennssensnnssnesnsnnsnssnsnsssssnnsseesnnee 2 1 2 1 OBJECTIVES ee ar ts a be tea 2 1 222 DEFINING RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS cccccccccecececececccscccecececececscesecesecssscecscscssesesasseessseceeeesseuseeceesesuauaes 2 2 2 3 DEFINING THE DRAINAGE AREA cccccccecececececececccccccecececececececacscesecesecscsceuauasasasecasesasscesesasaseseseuausnaes 2 3 2 4 IMPORTING THE PIPE 2 8 2 5 LINKING NODES AND ASSIGNING ELEVATIONS ccccccccccecececesecceccccececececececeseseseeesesececscsesseuseseenseas 2 13 2 6 SAVING THE SIMULATION AND RUNNING STORM DRAIN ccccccecesececececesesesseecececececececececeeececeeeeees 2 14 3 STORM DRAIN HYDROGRAPHIC DESIGN sssccsssssscesssccscssssccccssscccesssccccsssccccsssssccessceccssnee 3 1 3 1 OBJECTIVES ask en nalen ee eee eee 3 2 3 2 DEVELOPING THE SURFACE DRAINAGE 3 2 3 3 RUNNING A RATIONAL ANALYSIS 3 6 3 4 CREATING THE PIPE
20. ation Your project should now look similar to Figure 1 5 SWMM Modeling 1 9 Node 10 Link 6 Node 5 Figure 1 5 Link Node Schematic for SWMM Model 3 In the Project Explorer select the SWMM Hydraulic Schematic tree item 4 Choose the Select Hydraulic Node tool 5 Double click any node In the node Properties dialog notice the invert elevation of Node 10 and Node 1 according to Figure 1 5 Storm water is supposed to flow from Node 10 to Node 1 but the default invert elevation is higher at Node 1 than at Node 10 We have a similar issue with respect to Node 9 and Node 8 This dialog lets us change the default invert elevations at each node Important Note for the following steps node numbers may not match node numbers in your model Use Figure 1 5 as a reference to determine which nodes correspond to node and link names in your model 6 Change the invert elevation of Node 1 to 4501 8 This elevation must be higher than that at Node 2 The elevation at Node 2 is 4501 5 so we ve met this condition 7 Change the invert elevation of Node 9 to 4508 0 1 10 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 This elevation is now higher than the elevation at Node 8 4507 5 Now notice the column labeled Linked Outlet Name The storm drain nodes are not currently linked to our hydrologic analysis We want to use the peak flows calculated in our Rational Method Analysis as inflows to our storm drain system 8 Cl
21. command automatically assigns elevations to nodes based on an underlying TIN or DEM if one is present With Drainage and Storm Drain nodes linked together and elevations assigned to our pipe network we are ready to save the Storm Drain model 2 6 Saving the Simulation and Running Storm Drain 1 2 8 9 Select File Save As led Make sure the Save as type filter is set to WMS XMDF Project Files wms Enter wms_storm_rat for the File name Select Save Select Storm Drain FHWA Save Simulation Save the file as wms_st_r Select Storm Drain FHWA Run Simulation Verify that the input file name is wms_st_r hda Verify the output file name 15 wms_st_r lst The input and output file name prefixes can be up to 8 characters in length If you enter an input file name longer than 8 characters Storm Drain will not run If you enter an output file name longer than 8 characters it is truncated to 8 characters when Storm Drain writes the file Also all directory names in the path of the input output files cannot contain more than 8 characters 10 Select OK 11 Once Storm Drain HYDRA has finished running select Close 12 Select OK 13 Select File Edit File Storm Drain Rational Design 2 15 14 Open wms_st_r ist 15 Select OK to open the file with Notepad By browsing through this file you will see all of the parameters calculated by the Storm Drain HYDRA model such as recommended pipe diameters
22. d then Finish Figure 2 2 shows how the layout should look 8 Hide runoff shp and drainage shp by deselecting their icons in the Project Explorer Storm Drain Rational Design 2 5 Drainage outlet Figure 2 2 Drainage basins and streams for the subdivision Before defining nodes as storm drains drainage outlets we will hide the Runoff Coefficient coverage in order to simplify the screen display 9 Toggle the visibility check box for the Runoff Coefficient coverage off in the Project Explorer 10 Ensure that Drainage is the active coverage 11 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool 12 Double click the node labeled Drainage Outlet in Figure 2 2 13 Change the Point Type to Drainage Outlet and select OK 14 While holding the SHIFT key select each of the nodes labeled as Storm Drains in Figure 2 3 These points correspond to manhole locations in the pipe network Be sure to select the nodes that intersect with the basin boundary lines 2 6 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Figure 2 3 Storm Drain node locations 15 Select Feature Objects Attributes 16 Change the Point type to Storm drain inlet 17 Click the Properties button 18 Change the Inlet Type to Curb opening in sump condition 19 Enter the dimensions shown in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 Values for the curb parameters Width of Depression Inlet depression 20 Select OK twice to exit both dialogs 21 Select Feature Objects Compute Basin Data 22 Click
23. elect OK to close the Rational Method dialog We have now set up a traditional rational simulation for the Cougar Estates subdivision The only remaining step is to define the IDF curves 1 3 4 Defining Rainfall Data 1 Double click on the basin icon for the basin in the lower left hand corner of the subdivision Click on the Compute button for the parameter labeled Compute I IDF Curves Choose the User Supplied Data option as the IDF curve computation Click the Define Storm Data button Change the Recurrence value to 25 yr Enter the precipitation values shown in Figure 1 4 SWMM Modeling 1 7 Input variables for IDF curves Variables for user specified data Recurrence yr 25 v 5 min 223 10 min in hr 12 15 min inhi 30 min in hr 10 60 min 69 Cancel Figure 1 4 Values for computing the 25 yr IDF curve 7 Select OK 8 Highlight the line corresponding to the 25 yr precipitation values from the window in the upper right hand corner of the dialog 9 Click the Compute Intensity button 10 Select Done 11 In the Display section change the Type drop down menu to Outlets and change the Show drop down menu to All 12 Click the Compute button next to the Compute I IDF Curves parameter for each basin and outlet Click the Compute Intensity button and click Done until each basin and outlet has a rainfall intensity displayed in the Parameters spreadsheet 13 Notice tha
24. gure 2 7 2 12 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Double click Here Figure 2 7 Outfall location 4 Change the node type to Outfall 5 Select OK 6 Multi select the nodes indicated in Figure 2 8 as Mahhole Locations by holding down the SHIFT key as you select each node Storm Drain Rational Design 2 13 X Manhole Locations Ss Figure 2 8 Manhole locations 7 Select Feature Objects Attributes 8 Change the node type to Access Hole 9 Enter 4 0 as the Access hole width 10 Change the Bench Type to Flat Bench 11 Select OK The Pipe Drain Network is now defined 2 5 Linking Nodes and Assigning Elevations To properly portray the relationship between the Drainage coverage and the Storm Drain coverage we need to explicitly define links between their corresponding nodes We also need to assign elevations to all linked nodes Elevations can either be defined manually or with the use of a background TIN or DEM We will use the TIN that we opened earlier in this exercise for assigning elevations 1 Select Storm Drain F HWA Link Nodes 2 14 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Click the Auto Link button This will link the storm drain inlets from the Drainage coverage to the manholes in the Storm Drain coverage All nodes should be linked except the one node just upstream of the outfall This node is a pipe junction and is not associated with a storm drain inlet Select OK Select Storm Drain FHWA Assign Pipe Elevations This
25. gy heading and select Subcatchments 13 In the Subcatchments window below select a subcatchment 14 Double click on the blinking subcatchment icon corresponding to the subcatchment you selected 15 In the Subcatchment Properties window notice that the subcatchment area has already been computed and imported from WMS Feel free to explore the rest of the model inputs within the EPA SWMM interface Running the SWMM Model 1 Onthe EPA SWMM menu select Project Run Simulation In the Run Status window you ll notice that the run was successful but that there was no surface runoff or flow routing 2 the Run Status window click OK Viewing SWMM Output 1 Select Report Status If you scroll down to the subcatchment report you ll notice that all the precipitation was lost to infiltration Let s take a closer look at our basin parameters to see why there was no runoff 2 Close the Status Report 3 Double click on a subcatchment to open the Subcatchment Properties dialog 4 Notice that the Width Slope and Imperv fields are all zero The width of overland flow path and the Impervious must be specified inside the EPA SWMM interface The Slope is written by WMS but only when elevations are read from a DEM Since this tutorial used a TIN instead of a DEM no basin slopes could be computed 5 Enter a Width of 2 feet a Slope of 0 02 and a Imperv of 80 1 16 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 6 Repeat ste
26. he Select Outlet tool double click on an outlet it will most likely be hidden behind the SWMM node icon 5 In Display change the Show drop down box to Selected 6 Click the Compute button next to the Compute Hydrographs parameter for the selected basin and click Done in the Rational Method Hydrographs dialog 7 Do the same thing for the selected outlet hydrograph 8 Click OK to exit the Rational Method dialog 9 Repeat steps 4 through 7 for all the outlets in the subdivision By the end each basin and outlet icon should show a hydrograph icon next to it as in Figure 1 7 1 18 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Figure 1 9 Rational Method hydrographs for SWMM 10 In the Project Explorer select the SWMM Hydraulic Schematic tree item 11 Select SWMM Run xpswmm 12 Name the file swmm_hyd xpx and click OK 1 7 2 Running SWMM and Viewing Results 1 In the xpswmm interface double click on any node Notice that the Inflow edit field under the Constant Inflow category now says 0 0 This is because we have now defined a Time Series Inflow Notice how the User Inflow button is now checked 2 Double click the User Inflow button to view the hydrograph we will now be routing through the selected node 3 Click OK then OK to close both dialogs 4 Double click on the most downstream link in the network Link 3 in Figure 1 6 SWMM Modeling 1 19 5 Click on the Outfall button 6 Click on the
27. heet enter a diameter of 4 feet for each link 17 Click OK to exit the link Properties dialog Now we re ready to export a SWMM project file and run SWMM Section 1 5 describes how to export and run an xpswmm model To export and run an EPA SWMM model skip to Section 1 6 SWMM Modeling 1 11 1 5 Running xpSWMM and Viewing Results This section describes how to export and run an xpswmm model The xpswmm model offers many features that can be used to modify your hydrologic analysis customize your drain system and analyze the model output The features covered here represent just a few of the features you might find helpful 1 Select SWMM Run xpswmm 2 Name the file swmmtut xpx and click OK WMS saves an xpswmm project file and as long as xpswmm is loaded on your computer it launches xpswmm and automatically opens the project we just created 1 5 1 Running the SWMM Model 1 When xpswmm opens if prompted click OK to convert the version 10 0 database and close the window displaying errors and warnings 2 Your xpswmm window should now display an image similar to that shown in Figure 1 6 3 H AHEHE H Coe Hi HAHH H Link 2 4 I HH EHHH H r
28. ick OK on the node Properties dialog 9 Right click on the SWMM Hydraulic Schematic in the Project Explorer and select Link Outlets to Nodes 10 In the Link Storm Drain and Drainage Nodes dialog click the Auto Link button This will automatically link the storm drain nodes to the drainage outlets that are within a given tolerance of the node As you can see Node 2 is not located close enough to any drainage outlet and so has not been linked 11 Click OK to exit the Link Storm Drain and Drainage Nodes dialog Now that we ve changed the elevations at our nodes and linked them to our outlets we must also modify the upstream and downstream invert elevations of our links 12 Choose the Select Hydraulic Link tool A 13 Double click on any link The link Properties dialog lets us specify the dimensions of our storm drain pipes We ll assume a circular shape for all pipes and no initial flow or depth The lengths and invert elevations are shown but the invert elevations at Link 1 and Link 9 need to be updated to reflect the changes we made to the nodes We also need to define the diameter of the pipes Remember Use Figure 1 5 as a reference to determine which links correspond to link names in your model 14 Change the Downstream Invert Elevation of Link 1 and the Upstream Invert Elevation of Link 2 to 4501 8 15 Change the Upstream Invert Elevation of Link 9 to 4508 0 16 In the Diameter Height column of the link properties spreads
29. in Hydrographic Design 3 11 9 Select OK You could define each manhole separately by double clicking on the node and setting the node type and manhole width but it is more efficient to define them all at once At this point you should have one outfall node four manhole nodes and a single pipe junction in your storm drain coverage as identified in Figure 3 8 If this is not the way your storm drain coverage is set up then correct it now Outfall Manholes fe Pipe Junction eS et Figure 3 8 The correct setup of the Storm Drain coverage Linking Nodes To properly portray the relationship between the drainage coverage and the storm drain coverage we need to explicitly define links between corresponding nodes 1 Select Storm Drain FHWA Link Nodes 2 Change the tolerance to 25 3 Click the Auto Link button This should link the four storm drain inlet nodes of the drainage coverage to the four manholes of the storm drain coverage If not increase the tolerance by an increment of 5 and select the Auto Link button until the four node pairs are linked 4 Select OK Assigning Elevations and Mapping Hydrographs We also need to assign elevations to all the nodes in the Storm Drain and Drainage coverages Elevations can either be defined manually or with the use of a background TIN or DEM In this exercise we will manually define them 3 12 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 1 Toggle the display of the Drainage coverage off in
30. ng as EPA SWMM is loaded on your computer it launches EPA SWMM and automatically opens the project we just created 1 6 1 Viewing SWMM Model Inputs 1 Your EPA SWMM window should display an image similar to that shown in Figure 1 7 1 14 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 N EN N N lt N KG N RTL N S N Figure 1 7 Cougar Estates Storm Drain Schematic from EPA SWMM 2 Inthe SWMM Data Links headin g and sel Explorer expand the Hydraulics heading then the ect Conduits 3 In the Conduits window below select one of the Links 4 Double click the blinking link icon corresponding to the link you selected the Conduit Link Properties window notice the link shape maximum depth and length which were specified and computed in WMS and exported to EPA SWMM 6 Close the Conduit Link Properties window 7 Inthe SWMM D Nodes headin ata Explorer expand the Hydraulics heading then the select Junctions g and 8 In the Junctions window below select Node 9 Double click on the blinking node icon corresponding to the node you selected 1 6 2 1 6 3 SWMM Modeling 1 15 10 In the Junction Node Properties window notice the Invert Elevation of the node which was computed in WMS and exported to SWMM 11 Close the Junction Node Properties window 12 In the SWMM Data Explorer expand the Hydrolo
31. oints as storm drain inlets we must initialize a storm drain analysis 1 Select Storm Drain FHWA from the Models drop down list at the top of the screen 2 Select Storm Drain F HWA New Simulation 3 2 3 Assigning Stream Arcs as Gutters 1 Select the Select Feature Arc tool x 2 While holding down the SHIFT key select all four stream arcs as indicated in Figure 3 3 Figure 3 3 Arcs to be selected Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 3 5 Select Feature Objects Attributes Select Gutter for the Feature Arc Type Choose the Arts button to define the properties of the gutters Set the type to Uniform Gutter this should be the default and set the Manning s n to 0 015 the Roadway Cross slope to 0 02 and the width to 2 0 Select OK Select OK 3 2 4 Assigning Outlets as Storm Drain Inlets For this analysis two of the outlets will be defined in areas of depression sump conditions while the other two will have bypass flow on grade conditions 1 2 Select the Select Feature Point Node tool While holding down the SHIFT key select both of the outlet points of the entire basin system and the outlet of the isolated interior basin as indicated in Figure 3 4 Inlets in sump condition Figure 3 4 Outlet points to be selected 3 4 5 Select Feature Objects Attributes Set the Drainage Feature Point Type to be Storm drain inlet Choose the Properties button Set the Type to be Grate in sump
32. p 5 for all Subcatchments 7 Select File Save 8 Select Project Run Simulation 9 On the Run Status window click OK 10 Open the Status report and notice the runoff values for each subcatchment 11 Close the Status Report 12 Select the conduit connecting the most downstream outlet to the junction just upstream 13 Choose the Time Series Plot button zA 14 Click OK on the Time Series Plot window to view the Flow v Time plot for the most downstream storm drain The plot should look similar to Figure 1 8 0 6 gt Flow CFS N 0 0 t t t t 0 5 10 15 20 25 Elapsed Time hours Figure 1 8 Flow v Time Plot for the most downstream storm drain Feel free to explore the rest of the EPA SWMM post processing tools to view the results from the Cougar Estates model run When you are ready to proceed to the next section close EPA SWMM and leave the WMS window running SWMM Modeling 1 17 1 7 Routing Hydrographs in SWMM In the previous example we used the Rational Method to compute peak flows which we then fed into our SWMM model This time we ll use the Rational Method to compute hydrographs at each outlet We ll then route these hydrographs through our SWMM model 1 7 1 Computing Rational Method Hydrographs 1 In your WMS project select the Drainage coverage to make it active 2 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module 3 Choose the Select Outlet tool amp 4 Using t
33. pe properties that will be applied to all pipes in the network In addition to assigning pipe properties on a global scale users can define specific properties to individual pipes or to a group of pipes by selecting them with the Select Feature Arc tool and selecting the Attributes command from the Feature Objects menu For this exercise we will simply define global pipe properties 6 Change the Pipe type to Concrete Smooth When a user specifies a pipe type WMS fills in an appropriate Manning s n roughness value based on that pipe type Users can also enter edit the Manning s n value directly in this dialog Users can change the Manning s n values that are assigned to the various Pipe Types These values can be accessed and edited by opening the Display Options dialog choosing Map Data and changing the Active Coverage field to Storm Drain 7 Enter the values displayed in Figure 2 5 2 10 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Pipe Data Properties Pipe type Concrete Smooth v m Pipe amp Flow Data Manning s roughness Minimum pipe diameter Minimum depth Minimum depth of cover Minimum velocity for full flows a Minimum slope Maximum pipe diameter Invert Elevations and Fixed Diameter I Specify invert elevation Figure 2 5 Pipe property values for the pipe network 8 Select OK to exit the Pipe Data Properties dialog 2 4 2
34. t a flow rate has now been computed for each basin and outlet Click OK to exit the Rational Method dialog We will now import a pre defined storm drain network assign properties to the network and link it to the Drainage coverage 1 4 Importing the Pipe Network As mentioned above we will be importing a pipe network to use in our SWMM model This network was defined as a shapefile and will be converted 1 8 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 to feature objects in WMS WMS can also open DXF files and convert them to feature objects Alternatively users can manually create a pipe network using the Create Feature Arc tool 1 2 8 9 Right click on the Coverages folder in the Project Explorer Select New Coverage Change the Coverage type to Storm Drain Select OK Select File Open E Open swmm_pipes shp Switch to the GZS module Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects Select Yes to use all visible shapes 10 Select Next Next and Finish 11 Hide swmm_pipes shp 1 4 1 Apply SWMM Attributes 1 2 Switch to the Map module Ea Select Storm Drain Map gt 1D Schematic This will convert our storm drain coverage to a network of links and nodes recognized by SWMM This command also automatically maps the elevations from our TIN to the ground elevations stored at each node WMS has also computed the length of each storm drain link and applied a default invert elevation of eight feet below the ground elev
35. the Current Coordinates button 23 Set the horizontal and vertical units as U S Survey Feet 24 Select OK Storm Drain Rational Design 2 7 25 Set Basin Areas to Acres and Distances to Feet 26 Select OK 2 3 3 Computing Runoff Coefficients 2 3 4 Composite runoff coefficients must be computed for each drainage area A weighted average for each drainage area is calculated from data in the Runoff Coefficient coverage To compute the basin runoff coefficients 1 2 3 4 Switch to the Hydrologic Modeling module ae Select Calculators Compute GIS Attributes Set the Computation type as Runoff coefficients Select OK Composite runoff coefficients for each drainage area are computed and displayed on the screen Entering Times of Concentration The Time of Concentration for a basin can be calculated using a Time Computation For this exercise however it is assumed that the TC values have already been calculated and we will input them manually 1 Change the Model drop down box located towards the top of the WMS interface to Rational Choose the Select Basin tool Double click on the basin icon for the basin in the lower left hand corner of the subdivision Enter 14 for the Time of Concentration minutes Select each of the remaining drainage basins and assign Time of Concentration values using Figure 2 4 as a guide 2 8 WMS Tutorials Volume 4 Figure 2 4 TC values for the drainage areas 6
36. the Project Explorer 2 Choose the Select Feature Point Node tool 9 3 Set the elevations of the nodes in Storm Drain coverage according to the values given in Figure 3 9 To set an elevation select the node and change the elevation in the Feature Point Z edit field in the Properties window on the right of the WMS interface and press Enter 4598 4596 Figure 3 9 Node elevations for the storm drain pipes Map Data 4 Toggle the Drainage coverage on and the Storm Drain FHWA Ls Coverages coverage off in the Project Explorer Drainage Stom Drain 5 Select the Drainage coverage in the Project Explorer so that it is the active coverage 6 Select and set the elevations of all the nodes connected to the gutter arcs according to Figure 3 10 Figure 3 10 Node elevations for the gutters Map Data 8 Coverages 7 Set Storm Drain FHWA as the active coverage in the Project Explorer 9 Drainage Ms Sfprm Drain 8 Select Storm Drain FHWA Map Hydrographs With Drainage and Storm Drain nodes linked and elevations assigned to our pipes and gutters we are ready to save and run the Storm Drain model Storm Drain Hydrographic Design 3 13 3 5 Saving the Simulation and Running Storm Drain 1 2 Select File Save As zd Make sure the Save as type filter is set to WMS XMDF Project Files wms Enter wms_storm_hyd as the File name Select Save Select Storm Drain FHWA Save Simulation Save
37. the Subdivision Layout and Elevations We will open a shapefile containing the geography of the proposed subdivision Also to help us in defining elevations and slopes for the drainage area we will open a TIN Triangulated Irregular Network for the area 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Close all instances of WMS Open WMS Select File Open Locate the folder C Program Files WMSS84 tutorial stormrat Open cougarestates tin Right click on the Coverages folder in the Project Explorer Select New Coverage from the pop up menu Change the Coverage type to Runoff Coefficient Select OK Select File Open Ga Open cougarestates shp Switch to the GZS module Select Mapping Shapes gt Feature Objects Select Yes to use all visible shapes Select Next Ensure that the Runoff coefficient is mapped Select Next and then Finish Hide cougarestates shp by deselecting it in the Project Explorer 1 2 2 Defining the Runoff Coefficients We will turn off the display of the TIN in order to better distinguish the subdivision polygons SWMM Modeling 1 3 1 Toggle the check box for the new TIN off in the Project Explorer 2 Switch to the Map module 3 Choose the Select Feature Polygon tool 4 Use Figure 1 1 to assign runoff coefficients by double clicking each polygon and assigning the appropriate coefficient 0 98 J a Figure 1 1 Assigning runoff coefficients
38. the file as wms_st_h Select Storm Drain FHWA Run Simulation Set the input file name to wms_st_h hda and the output file name to wms_st_h Ist The input and output file name prefixes can be up to 8 characters in length If you enter a name longer than 8 characters it is truncated to 8 characters when Storm Drain writes the file Further no directory in the path to the files can be longer than 8 characters 9 Select OK 10 Once Storm Drain HYDRA has finished running select Close 11 Select OK 12 Select File Edit File 13 Open wms_st_h Ist 14 Select OK to open the file with Notepad By browsing through this file you will see all of the parameters calculated by the Storm Drain model such as recommended pipe diameters pipe invert elevations flows velocities and hydraulic grade line computations 15 Close Notepad
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