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Primer EMOS Manual

1. TERMINATING PROGRAMS eerte rt rte rte erre nete rdi ee en Padre DIP SWITCH SIS ALO een re PM UTD DR cd TIMER COUNTER u ee ob ee APPENDICES JUMPER DESCRIPTIONS 1 0 AND MEMORY ADDRESS DESCRIPTIONS ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE DRIVERS COMMUNICATION USING ECOM UPLOADING amp DOWNLOADING INTEL HEX FILES TRAINTST LST AN EXAMPLE PROGRAM USING EMOS SERVICES FEATURES Easy data entry via PC or dumb terminal Abi o ity to scan all 64K of memory space o to change any RAM location Abi o ity to execute from any memory location o ility to single step or run full speed with break A o ility to Examine and change the contents of any register Separate user stack area Provides services for console input output etc Timer UART and 1 0 ports 6 bit A D and D A convertor A sound port which consists of a piezoelectric beeper driven by a programmable counter can produce variable frequencies 6 digit numeric LED display 8 digital outputs with LEDs for status indication Easy access to analog and digital I O through headers Assembly Language Drivers provided for 1 0 devices INTRODUCTION The PRIMER Traineris a compact low cost 8085 based microprocessor system designed primarily for educational purposes In spite of its low cost and small size it contains many impor
2. ah a Ei Initialize the 8279 keypad and display controller in8279 mvi a 0 select eight 8 bit character display with out 41h encoded scan keyboard 2 key lockout mvi a 3fh program clock for input freq Divided 31 decimal out 41h mvi Clear display RAM out 41h lxi h Offffh call dlay delay for a moment while clearing RAM mvi a 80h Select display 0 out 41h ret PA RAN A AA A A A AR A AN AR A ON RDKEY Waits until key buffer is not empty When not empty it will get the keypad value and return it in A keys 0 f will return 00 0fh 10h 13h are not used Step func dec ent inc 14h 17h respectively rdkey push b push d push h rdkeyl in 41h see if key buffer is gt 0 ani 07h jz rdkeyl loop until key pressed mvi a 40h out 41h Clear interrupt in 40h get the scanned key bit pattern is CNTRL SHFT 3 bits SCAN 3 bits RETURN ani 3fh bit 7 not used mov b a preserve A ani 00111000b masking off all but scan and rrc dividing by 2 makes scan scan 4 mov c scan 4 mov a b A original scanned key ani 00000111b mask all but the value for RETURN add add to scan 4 pop h pop b ret This outputs the digit in A 0 f to the display number in B 80 85 hex Displays are numbered 85 80 from left to right only 11 is preserved digout dmap push h lxi h dmap point to bit ma
3. COMOUT MOV L A COMOUTO IN SERCOM H AN 01 JZ COMOUTO MOV A L OUT SERDTA RET DACOUT pin 19 of Analog I O connector CN3 dacout ani 00111111b 3 out 13h ret This converts the 6 bit value in A to a proportional voltage on mask off extra bits port C UE ptor ee eI ge Py A UPN Naty ES Oey E ADCIN converts a voltage on pin 20 of digital I O connector CN3 to a 6 bit number in L The PRIMER has a comparator which compares the analog input voltage to the analog output voltage When the output voltage exceeds the input voltage the comparator will cause the SID input line to go high This program outputs the value of the L register to port C which generates a output voltage proportional to the value of L The value of 1 is incremented and output to port C until the SID input line goes high When SID goes high L is the digital representation of the input voltage ADCIN push psw Mvi lj 1 starts at the lowest voltage 1 adcinl inr 1 1 out 13h send a voltage out of the R 2R ladder rim has it exceeded the input voltage ora a SID will be high if so Jm adcin2 if is negative exit Mov a l Cpi 63 Jc adcinl if 1 lt 63 increment and output the next voltage adcin2 xra a out 13h set to 0 volts pop psw ret PARRA a Rt UN Ee a iais a Baie
4. The maximum number of HEX digits that can be entered depends on which of the letters is chosen The value entered will then replace the current contents and the registers are redisplayed The Dump command allows the user to view the memory contents of any given section of memory The contents are displayed in HEX with the associated ASCII characters displayed as well When the Dump command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS The user then enters the starting address up to 4 HEX digits are valid of the section of memory to be Dumped After entering the starting address the Monitor then asks NUMBER OF BYTES The user then enters the number of bytes to display on the screen Up to 3 HEX digits are valid and this number as with most numbers returned by EMOS is a HEX value The Dump command automatically rounds this value so as to display a full line of 16 bytes The Edit commands allows the user to easily enter and modify code or data in successive memory locations When the Edit command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS The user then enters the starting address of where code is to be entered or modified Up to 4 HEX digits are valid The Edit command will then display this address and its contents The user then enters the new contents up to 2 HEX digits The next successive address is then displayed with its contents If the user does not wantto change the contents of this address he simply pr
5. enable 7 5 and 5 5 ei enable interrupts this is the main loop that will be interrupted by the ISR loop lda cntout counter to output to LEDs out leds display value of A register jmp loop jump to loop This ISR increments CNTOUT ticsub push psw Save A and flags lda cntout get counter value inr a increment it sta cntout save it back pop psw restore A and Flags ei Re enable interrupts ret continue from point of interruption cntout ds ab reserve 1 byte for the counter end Below are the actual hex codes of the program ADDRESS DATA INSTRUCTION FF01 F3 DI FF02 21 LXI H FF20 FF03 20 4 FF05 22 SHLD FFE9 FF06 E9 FF07 FF FF08 3E MV A 0 FF09 00 D3 OUT 4 FFOB 4 A 7C FFOD 7 D3 OUT 5 5 FF10 3E MV A CD FF11 CD FF12 D3 OUT 0 FF13 0 FF14 3E MVI 15 0B FF16 30 SIM FF17 FB EI FF18 3A LDA FF2B FF19 2B FFlA FF D3 OUT 11 12 JMP FF18 18 FF20 F5 PUSH PSW FF21 3A LDA FF2B FF22 2B FF23 FF FF24 INR A FF25 32 STA FF2B FF26 2B FF27 FF FF28 F1 POP PSW FF29 FB EI FF2A C9 RET FF2B 00 The counter value TERMINATING PROGRAMS Each user program should end with the RST 7 FFH software interrupt instruction This instruction allows the Monitor to regain control of the CPU The Monitor uses the RST 7 instruction
6. REGISTER C 17 REGISTER E Hex digit to show REGISTER D Display to put digit NONE Write 8 bytes of memory starting from the address in DE to the optional real time clock The clock provides timekeeping information in BCD including hundredths of seconds seconds minutes hours day date month and year information The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months with less than 31 days including correction for leap years The real time clock operates in either 24 hour or 12 hour format with an AM PM indicator The data pointed to by DE will be stored in the real time clock as follows BIT 7 BIT 0 10 MI MINUTES 00 59 AM PM mode 24 hour mode 10 YEAR YEAR INPUT OUTPUT SERVICE 19 RDSCL INPUT OUTPUT If bit 7 of address DE 3 is 0 the clock will be in 24 hour mode after WRSCLK is executed If itis 1 then AM PM mode is selected and bit 5 of address DE 3 will select AM or PM PM is selected if bit5 is 1 When changing from AM PM mode to 24 hour mode and vice versa you must change the hours to match the selected mode Once the hours are correct the real time clock will maintain the correct hour for the selected mode If bit5 of address DE 4 is setto 1 and WRSCL is executed the real time clock will be stopped The clock may be restarted by resetting the bitto 0 and executing WRSCL REGISTER C 18 REGISTER PAIR DE Address of the first of 8 bytes to be w
7. 8 bit value displayed in HEX When the Input command is issued the Monitor responds with PORT ADDRESS The user then enters the 1 0 address of the port to be read from Up to 2 HEX digits are valid After entering the I O port address the Monitor will respond with CONTENTS OF THE 1 0 PORT IS xx np M 0 where xx represents the contents of the specified 1 0 port displayed as an 8 bit hex value The List command allows the user to view 16 machine language instructions beginning at any address in memory The information that will be displayed is the memory address of the instruction its op code and then the mnemonic All numbers displayed are in hex When the List command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS The user then enters the starting address up to 4 HEX digits are valid of the section of memory to be Listed The 16 machine language instructions will be listed followed by the message ESC TO QUIT ANY KEY TO CONTINUE If ESC is pressed the command will be aborted If any other key is pressed another 16 lines of instructions will be listed The Move command allows the user to Move the memory contents of any given section of memory to another memory location The source memory contents are left intact When the Move command is issued the Monitor responds with SOURCE ADDRESS The user then enters the source address of the section of memory to be moved Up to 4 HEX digits are valid Aft
8. DB25 go to pins 2 and 3 of the 9 respectively PC DB25 CONNECTOR PLUG 2 3 5 6 8 7 PRIMER DB9 CONNECTOR SOCKET 2 3 6 5 When power is first applied to the PRIMER EMOS starts executing a program called MOS which is included in the EPROM This MOS is a simple version of EMOS that doesn t require terminal and uses the keypad and displays for interaction MOS has a diagnosis function built in which allows you to check the dip switches digital output LEDs A D convertor 8155 timer speaker numeric displays keypad and the serial RS232 port To execute this function press the Func key then 1 When the diagnosis begins r d will be shown on the numeric displays indicating that RAM Diagnostics is occurring If a faulty RAM location is detected its memory address will be shown on the left 4 numeric displays and b r indicating Bad RAM will be shown on the right 2 displays Pressing a key following this error message will cause the diagnosis to continue Note that no memory check is done on the RAM within the 8155 chip if a 32k RAM is in slot 1 If the PRIMER is properly connected to a terminal as soon as the memory check is finished the following will be shown on the terminal display UART test 2 If you type a key at the terminal its hexadecimal ASCII value will be shown on the left two displays on the PRIMER and the character will be echoed back to the terminal display For example if the letters A and a
9. When VERIFY orBURN have finished executing with no errors the A register will be 0 and the other registers except the flag register will be unaffected IFA is not 0 an error has occurred and the registers will be returned with the following information BC Address that error occurred in system memory H Value of data at address BC in system memory DE Address that error occurred in the EPROM in the programmer L Value of data at address DE in the EPROM in the programmer ERASECHK service 1F ERASECHK tells whether an EPROM is erased This command requires you to load the registers as follows DE Starting address from which to examine EPROM It examines from this address down to 0 B EPROM type as in the table above C Service number 1Fh The A register will be returned with 0 if the EPROM is erased service 20 ZAP allows you to put your own application program into a 32k EPROM BURN also allows this but ZAP will automatically examine the EPROM to see if itis erased put in the initialization and MOS services code and verify that the data was written correctly This command requires you to load the registers as follows H High byte of starting address of user program low byte defaults to 01 DE Number of bytes in program this should be no bigger than 50FEH C Service number 20h If ZAP has finished executing with no errors the A register will be 0 and the other registers except the flag register will be unaffected If
10. appropriate registers before executing the S command The C register is automatically loaded with the service number The Trace command executes a single instruction and displays the register contents after each instruction Note Since the Trace command is performed through software operand fetches are not shown When the Trace command is issued the Monitor prompts the user for NUMBER OF INSTRUCTIONS The user enters up to a 2 HEX digit value This value determines the number of instructions executed After each executed instruction the register contents are displayed Ifthe user does not enter the number of steps but hits the ENTER key then 1 instruction is executed NOTE Instructions in EPROM cannot be traced so if a service call is traced the service call is executed at full speed and upon returning to the calling program the Trace command resumes execution The Write command allows the user to write the contents of memory to a RAMDISK block or blocks When the Write command is issued the Monitor responds with SOURCE ADDRESS Enter the starting memory address up to 4 HEX digits of the data to be copied The Monitor then responds with STARTING BLOCK Enter the block in RAMDISK up to 2 DEC digits where the data is to be stored The Monitor then responds with NUMBER OF BLOCKS Enter the number of blocks up to 2 DEC digits that will be needed to store the data IF STARTING BLOCK NUMBER OF BLOCKS is greater than 75
11. are used for things like file transfer and systems setup To use these functions press the ALT key plus the highlighted letter of the function you wish to use For monochrome monitors Type the ALT key plus the capital letter of a function you wish to use In addition the menu bar lists the current serial port settings baud parity etc and logging status FILE PRN or none SETTING UP ECOM FOR USE WITH THE PRIMER Once in the main screen press the ENTER key ECOM should display the EMOS prompt If this prompt does appear you are ready to issue commands through ECOM to your trainer For example typing a at your keyboard should result in a command menu list If you press the enter key and ECOM does not display a prompt follow the these steps First make sure that your trainer is set up and operating correctly For details on this refer to the section of this manual Getting Started Once your are sure the trainer is operating properly and communications still does not occur enter the setup menu listed in the top menu bar This is done by pressing the ALT and S keys together THE SETUP MENU The Setup menu is a pull down window that lists seven fields They are as follows Baud Parity Length Stop bit Comm Port Protocol Write The first six fields are for changing the serial port parameters of your computer to match the settings of your trainer To move between these fields press the UP and DOWN keys
12. of the stack and the current memory location pointed to by the program counter When the Change command 15 issued the Monitor program first displays the current contents of all the registers and prompts the user with SELECT REG F A B C D E H L T S P 0 The Monitor then expects one of the capital letters contained within the brackets to be entered The letter F stands for the Processor Status Word Flags is the Accumulator and B C D E H L are the 8085 General Purpose Registers of the same name Each of these registers can contain at most 2 HEX digits 8 bits The letter T stands for the top of stack which are the next two bytes to be removed from the stack Though this is notan actual register it is treated like one so you can view and or change the value on the top of the stack The letter 5 stands for the Stack Pointer which is initialized at power up to address FFD4 HEX The letter P stands for the Program Counter which is initialized at power up to address 8F01 HEX Each of these registers can contain at most 4 HEX digits 16 bits The last letter O stands for op code and its selection allows the user to change the contents of the memory location pointed to by the Program Counter This location is referred to as op code since it is assumed that any location the Program Counter points to is to be executed and thus must contain a valid op code After entering a selected letter the Monitor then responds with CHANGE TO
13. on the numeric keypad of your keyboard Make sure Num Lock is off This will move the highlighted bar over the field you wish to select To select that field press the ENTER key To exit the menu press the lt ESC gt key When starting your trainer the first field to be concerned with is the Comm Port field You will want to change this field to match the serial port on which the trainer is connected Move the highlighted bar over the Comm Port field and press ENTER A sub menu will appear to the right of the first seven fields This sub menu will allow you to change the current serial port setting Use the UP and DOWN keys on your numeric keypad to move between the options and press ENTER to make a selection In addition to your serial port setting you may also need to change the communications settings For a typical trainer these settings are 9600 baud N o parity 8 bits and 1 stop bit Check your trainer to be sure To change a communications setting such as baud rate do the same as before Move the highlighted bar in the setup menu over Baud and press ENTER Make a selection in the sub menu and leave the setup menu by pressing ESC The top menu bar will display the new port and communications settings Should you wish to save these settings move to the field named Write in the setup menu and press ENTER ECOM will save the changes in the directory ECOM is running from This file will have the ext
14. this number after it is converted to binary indicate the following errors BIT ERROR 0 not used 1 checksum error 2 non hex character encountered 3 escape character encountered 4 7 not used Pressing a key after the error message will put the PRIMER back into entry mode Receiving a hex file may be aborted any time by resetting the PRIMER or by sending an escape character 1Bh to the PRIMER s serial port Sending an escape character will result in an Err 08 EMOS VERSION 1 9 AND MOS VERSION 2 6 These change the protocol so that 1 instead of 2 stop bits are transmitted EMOS VERSION 2 0 AND MOS VERSION 2 7 This includes four new services and a full menu driven EPROM Programmer which allows you to burn read copy and modify EPROMS from your PC To invoke the EPROM Programmer menu press Func then 4 To use the EPROM Programmer Software the PRIMER must be equipped with the EPROM Programmer Board E020 8 and one of the upgrades E600 10 or E600 11 SERVICE 21 DECPNT INPUT OUTPUT SERVICE 22 BIN2BCD INPUT OUTPUT SERVICE 23 BCD2BIN INPUT OUTPUT SERVICE 24 KPINPUT INPUT OUTPUT LED Decimal Point output This service allows you to individually turn on or off the 6 decimal points on the LED display The D register bits 0 5 correspond to digits 0 5 A 0 will turn off the decimal point and a 1 will turn it on REGISTER C 21H REGISTER D bit pattern to light or unlight appropriate decimal poin
15. to the trainer and executed following the procedures that were used to load TRAINTST HEX APPENDIX TRAINTST LST LISTING 000001 000002 THIS PROGRAM DEMONSTRATES SOME OF THE CONCEPTS OF ASSEMBLEY 000003 LANGUAGE USING SERVICE CALLS ON THE TRAINER 000004 THIS PROGRAM CAN BE ASSEMBLED AND THE RESULTING HEX FILE 000005 UPLOADED USING ECOM PROCOMM OR SOME OTHER COMMUNICATIONS PACKAGE 000006 TO THE TRAINER OR CAN BE HAND ASSEMBLED AND ENTERED 000007 BY HAND IF A HOST COMPUTER IS NOT AVAILABLE 000008 H 000009 NOTE IF UPLOADING THE PROGRAM FROM A COMPUTER BE SURE TO SPECIFY 000010 THE STARTING ADDRESS AS 8F01H THE REASON BEING THAT THIS 000011 PROGRAM IS NOT WRITTEN TO BE RELOCATABLE IT USES ABSOLUTE 000012 ADDRESSES IF A DIFFERENT STARTING ADDRESS IS DESIRABLE 000013 CHANGE THE CONSTANT STARTADD TO ORG THE PROGRAM AT A 000014 DIFFERENT LOCATION AND REASSEMBLE 000015 H 000016 7 000017 CONSTANT DECLARATIONS 000018 000019 8F01 STARTADD EQU 8F01H STARTING ADDRESS FOR PROGRAM 000020 8000 DELAYTIM EQU 8000H CONSTANT USED TO DETERMINE THE DELAY 000021 1000 MOS EQU 1000H ADDRESS OF MOS OPERATING SYSTEM 000022 000A DPSWIN EQU DIPSWITCH SERVICE NUMBER 000023 0004 PSTRING EQU 04H PRINT STRING SERVICE NUMBER 000024 000D HEXPRINT EQU HEX PRINT SERVICE NUMBER 000025 0003 CONOUT EQU 03H CONSOLE OUTPUT SERVICE NUMBER 000026 7 000
16. 027 0000 EQU ODH ASCII CARRAGE RETURN 000028 000A LF EQU OAH ASCII LINE FEED 000029 0020 SPACE EQU 20H ASCII SPACE 000030 000031 000032 THIS PROGRAM DISPLAYS A GREETING MESSAGE AND THEN WILL 000033 PROCEED TO DISPLAY THE CONTENTS OF THE DIP SWITCH TO THE 000034 CONSOLE UNTIL THE DIP SWITCH EQUALS ZERO AT THIS POINT THE 000035 PROGRAM WILL RETURN CONTROL TO THE MONITOR 000036 000037 000038 8F01 ORG STARTADD TELL THE ASSEMBLER WHERE TO START 000039 000040 000041 8F01 0601 MAIN MV COMPORT 000042 8F03 MV C CONOUT 000043 8F05 1E0D MV E CR 000044 8F07 CD0010 CALL MOS OUTPUT A CR TO THE CONSOLE 000045 8F0A 1E0A MV E LF 000046 8F0C CD0010 CALL MOS OUTPUT A LF TO THE CONSOLE 000047 8FOF 0601 MV COMPORT 000048 8F11 0 04 MV C PSTRING 000049 8F13 11528F LX D MESSAGE 000050 8F16 CD0010 CALL MOS OUTPUT THE MESSAGE TO THE CONSOLE 000051 8F19 OEOA LOOP MV C DPSWIN 000052 8F1B CD0010 CALL MOS INPUT THE CONTENTS OF THE DIPSWITCH 000053 8F1E 0601 MV COMPORT 000054 8F20 0 MV C CONOUT 000055 8F22 1E20 MV E SPACE 000056 8F24 CD0010 CALL MOS OUTPUT A SPACE TO THE CONSOLE 000057 8F27 0601 MV COMPORT 000058 8F29 OEOD MV C HEXPRINT 000059 8F2B 1600 MV 0 000060 8F2D 5D MOV E L 000061 8F2E CD0010 CALL MOS OUTPUT THE CONTENTS OF THE DIPSWITCH 000062 8F31 CD438F CALL DELAY DELAY THE NEXT PRINTING 000063 8F34 0601 MV COMPORT 000064 8F36 M
17. 8F11000E0411528FCD00100EO0ACD001006010E65 108F2100031E20CD001006010E0D16005DCD0010B0 108F3100CD438F06010E031E0DCD00107DB7C21962 108F41008FFFF5E5210080002B7DB4C2488FE1F150 108F5100C90D0A0A205448452044495053574954E1 108F61004348204E4F57205245414453200D0A0A91 018F710024DB 0000000000
18. BYTE MOV A H OUT 15H OUTPUT TIMER MODE AND HIGH BYTE XRA A ORA B JZ TIM1 NO OPERATION AN 03H RRC RRC MOVE BITS 0 AND 1 TO BIT POSITIONS 6 AND 7 OR ODH OUT 10H OUTPUT TIMER COMMAND TIM1 POP B RET Speaker controller SOD is on speaker is on and vice versa buzzon mvi b 0c0h this turns on SOD pin jmp sod buzzoff mvi b 40h this turns off SOD pin sod rim ani 1fh ora b sim ret Send the frequency in HL to 8155 HL sdiv mov 1 out 14h B mov a h mvi a 3fh ana h ori 40h out 15h mvi 0cdh out 10h ret This the speaker beep push h lxi h 0200h call sdiv call buzzon lxi h 03000n call dlay call buzzoff pop h ret dlay dcx h mov a h ora l jnz dlay ret is limited to 3fffh timer frequency low byte timer frequency mode and hi byte output timer command set the frequency KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK COM1 8251 UART DRIVER ROUTINES INITIALIZE THE 8251 TO 8 DATA BITS SERDTA EQU 80H SERCOM EQU 81H COMINIT MVI A OUT SERCOM MVI A 27H OUT SERCOM RET NO PARITY INPUT A CHARACTER INTO THE ACCUMULATOR FROM THE 8251 COMIN IN SERCOM P AN 02 JZ COMIN IN SERDTA RET OUTPUT A CHARACTER IN THE ACCUMULATOR WAIT FOR CHARACTER TO BE SENT WAIT FOR TRANSMITTER CLEAR Kn ERI e Ko RR AGER UTE RAR Kok o Keno ARA
19. II characters starting at the address in the DE register pair until a is encountered The delimiter is not printed This service is used in conjunction with a P C Terminal device connected to the serial port This service requires the optional serial port REGISTER C 4 REGISTER PAIR DE Starting character string address REGISTER PAIR DE Address of character after the character Unsigned print this service prints to the terminal display a 16 bit number in decimal without use of sign This service is used in conjunction with a P C Terminal device connected to the serial port This service requires the optional serial port REGISTER C 5 REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit unsigned number to print NONE Signed print this service prints a 16 bit number to the terminal display in decimal with use of sign 2 s complement This service is used in conjunction with a PC Terminal device connected to the serial port This service requires the optional serial port REGISTER 6 REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit signed number to print NONE SERVICE 7 SERVICE 8 SERVICE 9 SERVICE A SERVICE B SERVICE C SERVICE D SERVICE E MULT INPUT OUTPUT OUTPUT DIV INPUT OUTPUT ADCIN INPUT OUTPUT DIPSWIN INPUT OUTPUT KEYIN INPUT OUTPUT PTAOUT INPUT OUTPUT HEXPRINT INPUT OUTPUT DACOUT INPUT OUTPUT Multiply this service multiplies two 16 bit numbers The HL register is returned as the most significant wo
20. ION 1 0 MEMORY For 003 position For 003 position 0 AND MEMORY ADDRESS DESCRIPTIONS I O ADDRESS DESCRIPTION 80 H DATA INPUT OUTPUT 81 H CONFIGURATION O H CONFIGURATION 1 H OUTPUT PORT 2 H INPUT PORT H ANALOG OUTPUT PORT 4 H LOW ORDER TIMING BYTE 5 4H HIGH ORDER TIMING BYTE amp CONTROL CO FF EXPANSION CONNECTOR ADDRESS DESCRIPTION 0000 H 3FFF H EPROM SLOT 4000 H BFFF H 32K RAM SLOT c000 FFFF H 256 BYTES IN 8155 with multiple addresses 0000 H 8000 H EPROM SLOT 8000 H FFFF H 32K RAM SLOT APPENDIX ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE DRIVERS H PRIMER SOURCE DRIVERS INIT MV INITIALIZE THE 8155 PORTS OUT OH PORT A OUTPUT PORT B INPUT PORT C OUTPUT RET PTAOUT CMA CONTENTS OF ACCUMULATOR IS WRITTEN TO OUT 1H OUTPUT PORT A RET PTAIN IN 1H RETURNS CONTENTS OF OUTPUT PORT A IN CMA ACCUMULATOR AFTER COMPLEMENTING RET PTBIN IN 2H RETURNS CONTENTS OF INPUT PORT DIPSWITCH CMA IN ACCUMULATOR AFTER COMPLEMENTING RET DPSWIN IN 012H RETURNS DIP SWITCH SETTING IN ACCUMULATOR CMA RET KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ACCEPTS TIMER MODE AND COUNT LENGTH IN H L REGISTER PAIR ACCEPTS TIMER COMMAND IN BIT POSITION 0 AND 1 OF ACCUMULATOR REFER TO INTEL MICROSYSTEM COMPONENTS HANDBOOK VOL II FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON 8155 TIMER PUSH B MOV B A MOV A L OUT 14H OUTPUT TIMER LOW
21. PRIMER TRAINER EXTENDED MONITOR OPERATING SYSTEM USER S MANUAL Revision 2 1 Copyright O 1989 1992 EMAC Inc All Rights Reserved inc EQUIPMENT MONITOR AND CONTROL 2390 Way Carbondale IL 62902 Tel 618 529 4525 Fax 618 457 0110 World Wide Web www emacinc com DISCLAIMER EMAC has made every attempt to ensure that the information in this document is accurate and complete However EMAC assumes no liability for any damages that result from use of this manual or the equipment that it documents reserves the right to make changes at any time 5 5 REVISION HISTORY EMOS VERSION 1 6 AND MOS VERSION 2 3 EMOS version 1 6 and MOS version 2 3 both have a feature that allows you to execute a service call in the MOS data entry mode without writing a program or changing the PC register or user memory This is done by pressing func then 2 The C register should first be loaded with the desired service number and the other registers should be loaded with appropriate values as needed by the service Also seven new MOS services were added as follows SERVICE 1A LEDSTR LED String output This service routine allows you to individually turn off or on any of the segments on one or more of the numeric displays The HL register pair will point to section of data for display bit patterns The bit patterns stored here control the displays the same as the service LEDOUT service 11 For ex
22. RST 7 5 When utilizing interrupts the Trace feature of the Monitor System may not function correctly When using interrupts itis recommended to run your program at full speed for predictable results Below is an example program which uses the RST 7 5 interrupt The program loads the vector at FFE9 with the address of the program s interrupt service routine IS R and the 8155 timer is set up to provide a 20hz square wave The program then enables the RST 7 5 and 5 5 interrupts an enters an infinite loop which repeatedly reads a memory address and outputs the data to the digital output LEDs Each time an interrupt occurs this memory value will be incremented The RST 5 5 interrupt was enabled so the program could be stopped by pressing a key the terminal If the program is stopped this way the interrupts are disabled and the program must be started from the beginning before it will work properly again vec7hlf equ FFE9h vector for 7 5 interrupt leds equ 11h discrete LED port 8155 timer ports timerlo equ 14h low byte of timer timerhi equ 15h hi byte and mode of timer cmdreg equ 10h command register org 0 0 disable interrupts lxi h ticsub hl address of ISR shld vec7hlf Store in vector mvi a 0 out timerlo lo 8 bits of counter 0 mvi a 1ch set 8155 square wave output mode out timerhi with timer at 20hz mvi a 0cdh out cmdreg enable the timer mvi a 11010b 0 bit enables the interrupt sim
23. TE EMAC HAS MODULAR EXPANSION BOARDS AVAILABLE FOR THIS CONNECTOR OPTIONAL ON BOARD HARDWARE FEATURES REAL TIME CLOCK CALENDAR The PRIMER can be equipped with a real time clock calendar RTC The RTC contains a lithium energy cell which maintains clock information and RAM memory data The clock keeps time in hundredths of seconds seconds minutes hours day of week date of month month and year The month and year determine the number of days in each month If you have the real time clock option refer to the specification sheet included in your RTC Supplement for technical and programming Specifications This option can be installed at any time by the user or at the factory before shipping 32K x 8 NON VOLATILE RAM RAMDISK has an 32K RAMDISK available for source code or data storage The RAMDISK has a built in lithium energy cell which maintains data in RAM memory The RAMDISK resides in the memory socket U1 Source code or data can be written into and stored for later use in the RAMDISK The RAMDISK may be removed from the PRIMER and replaced ata later time without loss of memory which allows the RAMDISKS s to be removed inserted much like floppy disks OTHER OPTIONS FOR THE PRIMER EPROM PROGRAMMER BOARD A simple solution to making permanent EPROM resident programs PROGRAMMABLE 32 LINE PARALLEL BOARD An alternative to the E PAC EXPANSION Board when 32 lines of I O are sufficient SUPPORT SOFTWARE When your PRIMER ne
24. V C CONOUT 000065 8F38 1E0D MV E CR 000066 8F3A CD0010 CALL MOS RETURN THE CURSOR TO THE BEGINNING 000067 8F3D 7D MOV A L MOVE DIPSWITCH VALUE TO A REG 000068 8F3E B7 ORA A SET FLAGS 000069 8F3F C2198F JNZ LOOP IF DIPSWITCH NOT EQUAL 0 CONTINUE 000070 8F42 FF STOP RST 1 ELSE RETURN CONTROL THE MONITOR 000071 8F43 000072 8F43 000073 8F43 THIS SUBROUTINE PERFORMS A 16 BIT DELAY THE 16 BIT DELAY 000074 8F43 CONSTANT IS PLACED IN THE H L REGISTER PAIR ALL REGISTERS 000075 8F43 ARE PRESERVED 000076 8F43 INPUT NONE 000077 8F43 OUTPUT NONE 000078 8F43 000079 8F43 F5 DELAY PUSH PSW 000080 8F44 5 PUSH H 000081 8F45 210080 LXI H DELAYTIM 000082 8F48 00 DLOOP NOP 000083 8F49 2B DCX H DCX DOES NOT SET FLAGS SO OR H L 000084 8F4A 7D MOV A L TOGETHER AND IF THE RESULT IS 0 000085 8F4B B4 ORA H WE RE DONE 000086 8F4C C2488F JNZ DLOOP 000087 8F4F El POP H 000088 8F50 F1 POP PSW 000089 8F51 C9 RET 000090 8F52 000091 8F52 000092 8F52 ASCII MESSAGE TO BE DISPLAYED DON T FORGET THE DELIMETER 000093 8F52 000094 8F52 0D0A0A2054484520 MESSAGE DB CR LF LF THE DIPSWITCH NOW READS CR LF LF 8F5A 4449505357495443 8F62 48204E4F57205245 8F6A 414453200D0A0A24 000095 8F72 000096 8F72 000097 8F72 END MAIN STOP ASSEMBLING After assembling the following is similar to the contents of the TRAINTST HEX file 108F010006010E031E0DCD00101E0ACD0010060134 10
25. address This address is usually the starting address of the program data normally at 8F01H Itis extremely important when saving programs to RAMDISK thatthe user remembers this starting address in order to retrieve the program to correct location If programs are retrieved to the wrong memory address the program may not execute properly due to incorrect jump addresses etc Therefore EMAC suggests using the address 8F 01H as the starting address for all programs After specifying the source address the user mustthen specify the starting block number The RAMDISK is divided into sections called blocks Each block is 256 bytes in length so there are 75 blocks the 19k reserved for the RAMDISK It is also important to remember the starting block number so that programs data may be retrieved later EMAC suggests in the case of more than one user that each user be given his own set of consecutive blocks for program storage After entering the starting block number the EMOS asks for the number of blocks The user calculates how many blocks of storage are required to save his program and enters this value Once a program is saved using the W command it can be retrieved at any time and as many times as necessary using the B command When using the B command the user is prompted for the destination address This address should be the same as the source address used when saving usually 8FO1H see above After the user specifies the destination addres
26. al communication port DIP SWITCH The dip switch has 8 switches which may be used for applications such as selection of program options The dip switch is connected to the system data bus and is accessed through 1 0 address 012H See Appendix C Assembly Language Drivers for information on accessing the dip switch EMOS services are available which access the dip switch DIGITAL OUTPUTS The PRIMER has 8 outputs and each output can be independently programmed to an ON 5v or binary 1 or OFF or binary 0 state The outputs are connected directly to the digital output LEDs and an LED can be turned on by the output of a binary 0 and turned off by the output of a binary 1 The outputs are also connected to the digital connector The output is driven by the 8155 1 0 I C which in the standard configuration uses PORT A 11H as the output port PORT B 12H as the input port and PORT C 13H as an analog output port NOTE The standard configuration of the 8155 which is setup by EMOS should not be changed Also since PORT A outputs have limited drive capabilities buffering should be considered if these outputs are to be used by external devices DIGITAL INPUTS The PRIMER allows 8 inputs through 8155 port B These inputs are connected directly to the 8 station dip switch The inputs are also connected to digital 1 0 connector CN3 so if the dip switches all turned off you may connect external TTL level input devices throug
27. also to implement a breakpoint when using the Go command If additional breakpoints are required RST 7 instructions can be hand inserted atthe appropriate spots in the user s program It is the user s responsibility to remove the hand inserted breakpoints when they are no longer needed USE OF RAMDISKS The PRIMER can be purchased with an optional RAMDISK The RAMDISK provides 32k of non volatile battery backed RAM Power to the PRIMER can be shut off without losing programs that have been stored on RAMDISK RAMDISKS can even be removed from the PRIMER when the power to the PRIMER is off and inserted into another PRIMER much like a floppy disk There are two memory slots on the PRIMER trainer The first contains an EPROM which holds the EMOS and the second contains a 32K x 8 RAM which is used as standard user memory The EMOS has partitioned 20k of this RAM to be used for RAMDISK An optional real time clock which also provides battery backup of a 32k RAM may also be inserted in this slot The EMOS provides a standard method of access to RAMDISKs through the B Bring Block and W Write Block commands The B command loads data from the RAMDISK into user memory and the W command copies a section of user memory to the RAMDISK These commands allow the user to read and write programs or data to the RAMDISKs for storage To write memory to RAMDISK the user selects the W command from the menu The monitor then prompts the user for the source
28. ample the following program will send a pattern displays 4 3 and 2 leaving the others unchanged LEDSTR EQU 1AH MOS EQU 1000 address of MOS services ORG Off lh Mvi c LEDSTR select LEDSTR service mvi 3 change 3 0105 mvi d 4 starting at display 4 going right lxi h bitpat point to table of bit patterns call MOS loop jmp loop loop here so we can see displays bitpat db 00010000b 00000100b 10000000b MACHINE LANGUAGE ADDRESS DATA INSTRUCTION FF01 OE MVI C 1A FF02 1A 1 FF04 03 5 16 MVI D 4 FF06 04 7 21 LXI H FF10 FF08 10 FFO9 FF FFOA CALL 1000 00 FFOC 10 FFOD JMP 03 FF FF10 10 BIT PATTERN DATA FF11 04 FF12 80 INPUT OUTPUT SERVICE 1B DDATA INPUT OUTPUT REGISTER C 1A REGISTER E Number of displays to change 1 to 6 REGISTER D Starting display numbered 5 0 from left to right REGISTER PAIR HL Address of string of bit pattern data to be shown on the displays NONE Display the hex byte in E on the DATA OP displays REGISTER C 1B NONE The remaining five new services are used to supportthe EPROM programmer board EMAC s EPROM programmer E020 8 allows you to program EPROMs of a variety of types and voltages The smallest EPROM supported is a 2764 8K x 8 and largest EPROM supported is 27512 64K x 8 Each EPROM type is given an identification number The 6 EPROM type numbers s
29. an error has occured the A register will indicate the following A 1 Error during EPROM write registers returned with same values as BURN error A 2 Error during verification registers returned with same values as VERIFY error A 3 EPROM noterased registers returned with same values as ERASECHK error To make an EPROM based application 1 Load and test your program To make it easier to relocate your program to 2F 01h you should start at address XFO1h where X denotes a hex digit which would result in a valid RAM address Address FFO1h could be used for example 2 3 4 5 Rewrite the program to execute at address 2F01h If you have an assembler this will be easy Otherwise you must look for all J MP s and CALL s that need to be changed Remember that if your program refers to data tables these should be relocated to EPROM and all RAM variables should remain the same address Also remember that all registers except the stack pointer and program counter must be initialized by the user Puta blank 32k EPROM type 2 EPROM in the programmer aligning pin 1 of the chip to pin 1 of the socket then latch the socket Load DE with the length of the program H with the upper byte of the starting address of the program and C with 20h for service 20 Press func then 2 to make MOS service call Remove power from the trainer and carefully replace its EPROM with the EPROM that was just programmed making sure pin
30. econd half of the count which is equivalent to a single square wave Model Outputs a continuous square wave when the terminal count is reached Mode2 Outputs a single pulse when the terminal count is reached Mode3 Outputs a single pulse and reloads automatically The timer counter operating modes are programmed through the 8155 control register 1 0 address 10H The lower 8 bits of the count length is written to 1 0 address 14H The upper 6 bits of the count length along with the 2 bit output mode is written to 1 0 address 15H The timer counter can be used as an external program interval timer If you wish to perform a software operation at a specific time interval then the timer counter can be programmed to that interval Upon the resulting timer interrupt your program can execute the desired software refer to Appendix C Assembly Language Drivers for timer counter set up The timer counter is also used to drive the PRIMER s speaker Different frequencies can be output from the speaker using the PITCH EMOS service see EMOS SERVICES ADDITIONAL DETAILS ON THE 8155 TIMER COUNTER MAY BE OBTAINED FROM INTEL CORPORATION S LITERATURE DEPARTMENT EXPANSION CONNECTOR The PRIMER has a 40 pin expansion connector CN1 on board which provides additional expansion capabilities Primarily this port gives access to the Data and Low Address Busses and Control Lines See Appendix A EXPANSION CONNECTOR CN1 drawing for a detailed description NO
31. eds to communicate with PCs APPENDIX JUMPER JP1 0J1 0J2 03 JUMPER DESCRIPTIONS DESCRIPTION This allows the selection of one of the following baud rates 300 600 1200 4800 9600 and 19 200 This is used to select the sources for the 8085 s RST 5 5 and RST 6 5 interrupt inputs The RST 5 5 interrupt pin is connected to the 8279 interrupt request line when there is a connector between pins 4 and 5 or if a connector is between pins 3 and 4 itis connected to the 8251 receiver ready line The RST 6 5 interrupt pin is connected to the 8251 receiver ready line when there is a connector between pins 2 and 3 Putting a connector between pins 1 and 2 connects RST 6 5 to 45v This jumper can also be used to connect RST 5 5 and RST 6 5 to external interrupt sources Pin 2 of the jumper is connected to RST 6 5 and pin 4 is connected to RST 5 5 This jumper selects the EPROM size Position A allows an 8 or 16K EPROM to be placed in slot 0 and position B allows a 32K EPROM to be placed in the slot This selects one of the two memory maps which are as follows POSITION A MEMORY MAP SLOT 0 0000 TO 3FFF SLOT 1 4000 TO BFFF 8155 RAM C000 TO FFFF only 256 bytes available POSITION B MEMORY MAP SLOT 0 0000 TO 7FFF SLOT 1 8000 TO FFFF 8155 RAM not accessible APPENDIX REFERENCE 8251 DATA REGISTER 8251 CONTROL REGISTER 8155 CONTROL REGISTER PORT A PORT B PORT TIMER LOW TIMER HIGH EXPANS
32. ension cfg After this every time you run ECOM it will defaultto the new changes FILE TRANSFER FOR EMOS ECOM for EMOS uploads and dowloads Intel Hex files Intel Hex files are a standard type of ASCII file produced by 8085 assemblers and some compilers and excepted by EPROM programmers and other hardware devices If the user assembles a program the resulting Intel Hex file can be uploaded saving the user from entering in the prgram by hand Programs that were entered in by hand can be saved to a disk file on the PC by downloading the program to the specified file When the program is needed the user can upload the file to the trainer and run it ECOM allows for automated file transfers to and from your trainer To transfer a file press the ALT and F keys together to bring down the file transfer menu This menu has two options Upload to EMAC board Download from EMAC board The first option will allow you to send Intel hex files to your trainer and the second will allow you to receive Intel hex files from your trainer To upload a file to your trainer enter into the File 1 0 menu by pressing the ALT and keys on your keyboard Move the highlighted bar over the Upload to EMAC board field it should be highlighted by default using the UP and DOWN keys on the numeric keypad of your keyboard Press ENTER and a sub menu will appear which has two fields that look like this Enter PC filename drv pth fn ext Enter Sta
33. er about a second remove the power immediately and make sure thatthe power supply meets the above stated requirements EMOS requires that a terminal be connected to the PRIMER The PRIMER s baud rate must be the same as the PC or terminal itis communicating with The baud rate can be set by placing a jumper in J P 1 in the position corresponding to the desired baud rate The baud rates are labeled 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 and 19 200 next to this jumper The PC or terminal must use serial protocol with 1 stop bit 8 data bits and no parity The following information regarding the cable assembly should be followed carefully to assure correct operation Handshaking lines are not required by the PRIMER but may be necessary for the IBM PC and compatibles used as terminal emulators To assure proper handshaking when using the PRIMER tie RS 232 handshake lines CTS DSR and DCD pins 5 6 and 8 on the DB25 connector to DTR pin 6 ofthe DB9 PRIMER connector socket An alternate method involves wiring a null modem cable This is easily accomplished by tying CTS DSR and DCD to DTR pin 20 of the DB25 connector that plugs into the PC One ofthe above methods should achieve success The Receive RxD pin 3 and Transmit TxD pin 2 lines also require modification prior to being connected See diagram below PC DB25 CONNECTOR PLUG 2 3 5 6 8 7 PRIMER DB9 CONNECTOR SOCKET 2 6 5 Some terminals require pins 2 and 3 of the
34. er entering the starting address the Monitor then asks DESTINATION ADDRESS The user then enters the destination address of the section of memory to Move the source contents to After entering the destination address up to 4 HEX digits the Monitor then prompts for the NO OF BYTES The user then enters the number of memory bytes to Move Up to 3 HEX digits are valid and this number is a HEX value The Output command allows the user to output an 8 bit HEX value to a specified 1 0 port address The 1 0 port address is entered as an 8 bit HEX value When the Output command is issued the Monitor responds with PORT ADDRESS The user then enters the 1 0 address of the port to be written to Up to 2 HEX digits are valid The Monitor will respond with DATA BYTE The user then enters the 8 bit HEX value to be written to the specified I O port address The Register command displays the current contents of all accessible CPU registers the flags the value on the top of the stack and the op code pointed to by the Program Counter and the mnemonic of that op code The MOS Service call allows the user to access EMOS Services without having to execute a CALL instruction When the Service command is issued the monitor prompts the user for SERVICE NUMBER For a listing of the available service calls consult the section on EMOS services in this manual NOTE The input parameters must be placed in the
35. esses the ENTER key and the next successive address and memory contents are displayed The ability to backtrack is also available typing a minus sign followed by one Hex digit 1 F will decrement the address pointer by the amount of the digit To quit editing and return to the monitor prompt press the lt ESC gt key The Fill command allows the user to Fill the memory contents of any given section of memory with a given byte When the Fill command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS The user then enters the starting address of the section of memory to be Filled Up to 4 HEX digits are valid The Monitor then requests NUMBER OF BYTES The user then enters the number of memory bytes to Fill Up to 3 HEX digits are valid The Monitor then requests FILL BYTE The user enters the byte up to 2 HEX digits to fill the selected memory with The Go command allows the user to execute a program in memory at full speed with an optional breakpoint The program will continue to execute until the breakpoint is encountered a key is pressed or until a RST 7 FFH instruction is executed When the Go command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS The user then enters the starting address of the program to be executed Up to 4 HEX digits are valid If only the ENTER key is pressed the program will start to execute from the current contents of the Program Counter The Monito
36. et address see the description of the EMOS command lt ECOM will prompt you to start the file transfer Toggle between Y or N with the space bar and press ENTER If you select Y the file will be transferred from your trainer At the end ofa successful file transfer a FILE TRANSFER COMPLETED message will flash on the main file transfer menu An abort message will flash if there was a user break or checksum error during the transfer LOGGING ECOM allows for screen logging either to a file to a printer or to both To enter the Logging menu press ALT and L at your keyboard The following fields will be displayed Logging to printer DISABLED Logging to file DISABLED Filename drv Mpth Mn ext To move between each field press the UP and DOWN keys on the numeric keypad of your keyboard Both the printer and file logging fields have three options DISABLED ENABLED and SOFTWARE ENABLED Press the space bar to toggle between these options Press ESC if you need to leave the logging menu The current logging status either PRN or FILE or none is displayed on the menu bar of the main communications screen NOTE You mustspecify a filename in the Filename field if you choose either ENABLED or SOFTWARE ENABLED for the Logging to file field The SOFTWARE ENABLED option allows your trainer to turn on and off printer and file logging through special extended ASCII characters codes These characters codes are as follows Printe
37. finally turn all of them off Pressing one ofthe keys on the keypad will cause the hexadecimal value of that key to be shown on the middle two displays The hexadecimal values of the keys starting the top row and reading from left to right are 00 to OF for the first 4 rows and 14 to 17 for the last row When you want to return to the Monitor Operating System just press the reset button Ifthe PRIMER is properly connected to the terminal you can now start EMOS by pressing the Func key then the 0 key SOFTWARE REFERENCE The Extended Monitor Operating System EMOS is a powerful software program that provides the user with the tools to enter and edit code as well as run test and debug the code EMOS prompts the user for additional input and checks the input to be sure itis of the proper form A help menu is available which lists each command with a brief description The escape key or bad input will abort the issued command and cause a to be displayed REMEMBER 0 When an ADDRESS is requested enter a number of up to 4 HEX digits When a BLOCK is requested enter a number of up to 2 DEC decimal digits MONITOR COMMANDS The Help command displays the help menu which contains the Monitor commands and a short description of each command The help menu screen is as follows EMOS Vx xx HELP MENU B Bring Block from RAMDISK to Memory C Change register contents D Dump memory con
38. h this connector D A An analog output voltage in the range of approximately 0 to 45v can be output from the PRIMER This digital to analog converter is implemented through an R 2R ladder which is connected to bits 0 5 of output PORT C The output from the R 2R ladder is available on pin 19 ofthe Analog 1 0 connector CN3 EMOS provides a service which uses this D A converter A D The PRIMER provides an analog input Analog 1 0 Connector CN3 pin 20 which can convert a voltage in the range of 0 to 5 volts to a 6 bit value This conversion is done by an EMOS service using the D A convertor and a comparator The service starts by outputting 0 volts from the D A convertor and then increasing the output voltage until the comparator senses that the output voltage exceeds the input voltage When the input voltage has been exceeded the last number that was output to the D A convertor is the digital representation of the analog input voltage The driver that performs this conversion is in Appendix C Assembly Language Divers and the schematic of the circuitry for D A and A D is in the Self Instruction Manual on schematic page 6 NOTE Since the service that performs the A D conversion uses the D A convertor the D A convertor cannot be used at the same time an analog signal is being converted to digital TIMER COUNTER The PRIMER comes equipped with a 14 bit timer event counter This timer counter is resident in the 8155 1 0 I C loading a user progra
39. he optional serial port REGISTER C 0D REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit number to print NONE Digital to Analog Converter output This service routine outputs a 6 bit number in the E register to the Digital to Analog converter REGISTER C 0E REGISTER E 6 bit value to outputto DAC REGISTERNONE SERVICE 10 SERVICE 11 PITCH INPUT OUTPUT LEDOUT Pitch output This service sends the 14 bit count the upper two bits are ignored in the DE register to the speaker timer The larger the number the lower the pitch Ifthe DE register pair 0 then the speaker tone is turned off REGISTER C 10 REGISTER PAIR DE 14 bit pitch value NONE LED Display output This service routine displays the pattern of LED segments according to the binary value of the E register to the LED digit specified by the D register The digits are number 0 5 starting from the first digit on the right SERVICE 12 SERVICE 13 SERVICE 14 SERVICE 15 SERVICE 16 If a bitis 1 in any of the 8 bits in the E register it will cause the corresponding segment to shine Below are the segments labeled with their corresponding bit numbers SEGMENTS LABELED WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING BIT NUMBERS INPUT OUTPUT LEDHEX INPUT OUTPUT LEDDEC INPUT OUTPUT DELAY INPUT OUTPUT PTBIN INPUT OUTPUT KEYSTAT 4 L3 MES REGISTER C 11 REGISTER E Pattern of segments to display REGISTER D 0 selects the digit farthest right and 5 selects
40. he user to access services with a single function subroutine CALL to address 1000 Hex In addition all registers that are not used as input or output to the service are preserved The services are as follows SERVICE 0 SERVICE 1 SERVICE 2 SERVICE 3 SERVICE 4 SERVICE 5 SERVICE 6 DEMO INPUT OUTPUT CONIN INPUT OUTPUT CONSTAT INPUT OUTPUT CONOUT INPUT OUTPUT PSTRING INPUT OUTPUT UPRINT INPUT OUTPUT SPRINT INPUT OUTPUT Demonstration this service routine sends a pitch of increasing frequency to the speaker while flashing the output LEDs at an increasing rate REGISTER C 0 NONE Console input this service waits for a key from the terminal keyboard to be pressed This service requires the optional serial port REGISTER C 1 REGISTER L ASCII character returned from keyboard Console input status this service returns a OFFH if a key was pressed otherwise a 00H This service is used in conjunction with a P C Terminal device connected to the serial port This service requires the optional serial port REGISTER C 2 REGISTER L Console status Console output this service outputs a ASCII character to the terminal CRT This service is used in conjunction with a P C Terminal device connected to the serial port This service requires the optional serial port REGISTER C 3 REGISTER E ASCII character NONE Print string this service prints to the terminal display the string of ASC
41. ip switch output from being displayed in HEX to being displayed in Decimal This involves changing the service call from 0D PRINTHEX to 05 UPRINT This change is made at address 8F22 The steps are as follows 1 2 10 11 If TRAINTST is still running stop execution by setting the dip switch to 0 all off Choose the E command to edit at address 8F 22 Change 0D to 05 and press lt ENTER gt Press lt ESC gt to leave the Edit mode Choose G command at address 8F01 with no breakpoint Remember to leave least one of the dip switches in the on position to keep the program from terminating After that verify that the program 15 outputting the dip switch in decimal and stop execution as in step 1 Press lt ALT gt F to select File 1 0 menu Select the Download from EMAC board option At the sub menu PC filename prompt type TEST HEX and press enter Press enter at the starting address prompt and the default value will be entered At the last address prompt type 8F67 and press enter at the offset address prompt and the default of 0000h will be used The top line of the screen will have a message asking if you want to transfer thefile Press enter to start file transfer After the download is complete the message FILE TRANSFER COMPLETE will be flashing Press lt ESC gt to return to the terminal screen The file TEST HEX is now on residing on floppy in the A drive At any time this file can be uploaded
42. me of the A D circuitry The self test mode was modified to do a checksum on the ROM and also adds a local loopback test of the optional serial port At the beginning of the self test invoked when the func And 1 keys are pressed a checksum is performed on the ROM and if an error is detected you will hear a beep and b E will be shown on the right 2 displays indicating Bad EPROM Pressing a key atthis point will resume the RAM diagnostics indicated by r d on the DATA OP displays Ifa bad RAM location is found you will hear a the address will be shown on the ADDRESS REGISTER PAIR displays and will be shown on the right 2 displays Note that if you don t have a 32K RAM and you geta bad RAM error at 8000 this is nota valid error Pressing a key after an error will resume the self test After the RAM diagnostics the self test will try to determine whether there is a serial port If there isn t or if itis not working n u will be displayed indicating No UART Ifa serial port is detected itis examined to see if itis configured for a local loopback test Itis configured for local loopback when the transmit and receive lines of the serial port are connected to each other pins 2 and 3 respectively of the DB9 connector CN2 If itis not configured this way the self test will work as the previous versions This connection allows data transmitted by the UART to be looped back to the UART testing both the transmitter and the
43. mmable termination count time intervals from 3 25 microseconds to 53 3 milliseconds can be achieved When the termination count is reached a RST 7 5 interrupt can then be issued to the CPU If interrupts are not desirable the timer can be read directly or the interrupt line can be polled The timer can also be set up to reload itself or to stop counting upon reaching the termination count In either case an interrupt can be issued NOTE See the section on interrupts under software reference The timer counter is a 14 bit down counter that counts the timer input pulses and provides a pulse or square wave to the 8085 RST 7 5 interrupt when the terminal pulse is reached The user can reprogram the length of the count before the termination pulse is reached if so desired The user can also determine the timer interval by programming the counter register from values 2H to 3FFFH The timer counter has four operating modes which are Mode 0 No operation mode NOP does not affect the timer Model Stop mode stops the timer counter if it is running otherwise NOP Mode 2 Stops the timer if running immediately after the terminal count has been reached otherwise NOP Mode 3 The start mode loads the output mode and count length and starts the timer counter immediately if timer is not running otherwise it waits for the terminal count then starts the timer counter The timer counter has four output modes which are as follows Mode 0 Outputs a low during the s
44. p table add alk add A to HL mov mvi a 0 h mov h a hl hlt a mov a b b 80h 85h out 41h Select display mov a m get bit map from hl out 40h output bit pattern to the display pop h ret db 0 3h 60h 0b5h Of4h 66h 0d6h 0d7h 70h 0 7h zero thru db 0 6h 77h 0c7h 93h 0e5h 97h 17h FE APPENDIX D COMMUNICATION USING ECOM is a powerful communication software package that is ideally suited for use with the PRIMER trainer and with other EMAC systems ECOM runs on IBM PCs and compatibles using COM ports 1 2 at baud rates of up to 19 200 baud ECOM also allows for menu options like file printer logging and fully automated file transfers STARTING ECOM If you have the ECOM disk you can run the program by placing the disk into a 5 25 inch drive and typing ECOM atthe DOS prompt A message will appear on the screen describing which trainer system your ECOM is for use with in this case EMOS Press the space bar to clear this message and start ECOM The main screen of ECOM is ADM 3A terminal emulation screen with a top menu bar This main screen is what you use to communicate with the trainer Most of what you type 15 sent directly to the trainer and echoed back onto this screen Conversely the trainer will send messages such as a command menu or memory dump This information will also be displayed on the main screen The top menu bar describes functions and pop up windows that
45. r ON AEH Printer OFF AFH File write ON F3H File write OFF F2H These codes can be sent from the trainer to ECOM allowing automated printing and file logging without user intervention In addition the trainer can take advantage of the ADM cursor and screen control codes to format display output APPENDIX E UPLOADING DOWNLOADING INTEL HEX FILES This example assumes the user is using an IBM PC or compatible computer with an ECOM disk in the A drive and has some familiarity with EMOS To start the example first invoke ECOM by typing A ECOM Establish communications and verify that correct communication has taken place see COMMUNICATION USING ECOM UPLOADING At this point the user has configured ECOM and is successfully communicating with the trainer The user is now ready to upload the example assembled program TRAINTST HEX This ASCII file is included on the ECOM disk and contains all the op codes and operands necessary to upload and subsequently run this program on the PRIMER The steps to upload are as follows 1 Press ALT F to select File 1 0 menu 2 Selectthe Upload to EMAC board option 3 Atthe sub menu PC filename prompt type TRAINTST HEX and press enter Press enter at the starting address prompt and the default value will be entered 4 Thetop line ofthe screen will have a message asking if you wantto transfer the file Press enter to start file transfer 5 After the upload is complete press lt ESC g
46. r then requests BREAKPOINT ADDRESS The user then enters the address up to 4 HEX digits of where the user wishes the execution to stop Note If the program execution never reaches the breakpoint address or the breakpoint address is not that of an op code the program will not stop at the breakpoint address If the ENTER key is pressed without entering the breakpoint address no breakpoint is set The Hex Dec math command provides the user with the sum and difference of two numbers This command allows the user to declare the base of the numbers that will be entered as either Hexadecimal or Decimal When the Hex Dec command is issued the monitor responds with DEC OR HEX D H After a D for Decimal or an H for Hexadecimal is entered the monitor responds with 1ST NUMBER Enter the number up to 4 digits for HEX or 5 digits for DEC in the chosen base The monitor then responds with 2ND NUMBER Enter the second number up to 4 digits for HEX or 5 digits for DEC in the chosen base The monitor will respond with HEX SUM DEC SUM SIGNED DEC SUM XXXX HEX DIFF DEC DIFF SIGNED DEC DIFF XXXX where xxxx is the result of the math operation NOTE To convert a number from one base to another choose 0 as the response to the second number prompt The Input command allows the user to Input the contents of an 1 0 port The I O address is an 8 bit HEX value and the contentis also an
47. rd and the DE register is returned as the least significant word REGISTER 7 REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit multiplicand REGISTER PAIR HL 16 bit multiplier REGISTER PAIR HL Most significant word of product REGISTER PAIR DE Least significant word of product Unsigned division this service divides HL by DE HL DE The quotient is returned in HL and the remainder in DE REGISTER C 8 REGISTER PAIR HL 16 bit dividend REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit divisor REGISTER PAIR HL 16 bit quotient REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit remainder Analog to Digital input this service returns a 6 bit value from the analog to digital converter REGISTER C 9 REGISTER L 6 bit analog conversion Dip switch input this service reads the current switch positions of the 8 position dipswitch REGISTER 0A REGISTER L Dipswitch value Read the keypad this service waits for a key to be pressed and returns the value in the L register REGISTER C 0B REGISTER L Key value Keys 0 F return 00 OF respectively and the Step Func Dec and Enter keys return 14 17 respectively Port A output this service writes to the digital output port A REGISTER C REGISTER E 8 bit value to write to port A NONE Hex print This service prints to the terminal display the hex value of the DE register pair Four hex digits are printed This service is used in conjunction with a PC Terminal device connected to the serial port This service requires t
48. re typed at the terminal the following will be shown on the terminal display UART test gt A gt B gt Note If your terminal has the ability to auto echo you will see 2 characters displayed for each key pressed Also after the memory testis done the hexadecimal representation of the A D input will be shown on the right 2 displays If you want to test the A D convertor you need to connect a variable voltage source ranging from 0 to 5 volts to the analog input of the external digital 1 0 connector CN3 this is above and to the left of the ADDRESS REGISTER PAIR displays This can be simply done with a 10K potentiometer by connecting the wiper to the analog input and one of the other two connections to 5V and the other to ground Connector CN3 provides 5 volts on pin 22 analog input on pin 20 and ground on pin 18 When the analog input voltage is ground the display should show 00 As you slowly increase the voltage to 5 volts the display will show a value from 02 to 3F hex Also when the display no longer shows 00 the speaker will begin to make a high pitched tone and which will gradually become lower pitched as the voltage approaches 5 volts Turn the voltage back to 0 and the tone will stop Each dip switch is programmed to control an individual digital output LED The best way to test the dip switches and the LEDs is to turn each of the switches on allowing only one switch on ata time Then turn all the switches on at once and
49. receiver In this configuration if the serial port is working the bytes 00 to FF hex will be transmitted and displayed on the left 2 displays this will happen quite rapidly at higher baud rates so if you want to watch it set P1 to around 2400 baud If there is a problem with the serial communications you will hear a beep and b S will be shown on the right 2 displays indicating a Bad Serial port Pressing a key after this will resume the self test and the UART will be disabled If the local loopback test runs without errors L L will be shown on the left 2 displays the UART will be disabled and the self test will continue and work the same as the previous versions If L L is not displayed and it has been verified that the transmit and receive lines were connected together there is a problem with the serial port circuitry MOS VERSION 2 5 This includes the improvements to the EPROM programmer drivers from EMOS 1 7 and a new function key which allows the PRIMER to receive an Intel hex file via the serial port part number E600 10 or E600 11 To invoke this function press Func then 3 After this the displays will show rEC indicating that the PRIMER is ready to receive the data After an ending record is received a record in which the fourth pair of digits following the colon is 01 the PRIMER will return to entry mode If any errors occur while receiving the hex file Err will be displayed followed by a hex number The bits in
50. ritten to the real time clock NONE Read 8 bytes of data from the optional real time clock and store them in the 8 consecutive bytes starting the address in the DE register pair The 8 bytes are formatted the same as the data passed to WRSCL REGISTER C 19 REGISTER PAIR DE Starting address to store the 8 bytes read from the real time clock NONE Below is an example of using an EMOS service to display the character 0 to the display screen ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE OUTPUT THE CHARACTER 0 TO THE DISPLAY SCREEN START MACHINE LANGUAGE ADDRESS 8F01 8 02 8 03 8 04 8 05 8 06 8F07 8 08 ORG 8FO1H MVI C 3 CONOUT SERVICE ROUTINE MVI E 30H MOVE ASCII VALUE FOR E CALL 1000H CALL EMOS FOR CONOUT SERVICE RST 7 RETURN MONITOR SYSTEM END DATA COMMENT DE 03 1E MVI E 30H 30 CD CALL 1000H 00 10 FF RST 7 USING INTERRUPTS EMOS utilizes both the RST 5 5 and RST 6 5 hardware interrupts so these should not be used except by experienced programmers The RST 7 5 interrupt Highest Priority however is available to the user Since EMOS occupies the lower 32K of memory where the interrupt vectors reside a vector is provided in RAM at address FFE9 If a RST 7 5 interrupt takes place and the interrupt is enabled the Monitor will place the contents of address FFE9 in the Program Counter Care should be exercised when using interrupts as not to tamper with interrupts other than the
51. rting Address 8F01h The first field in the sub menu is a prompt for the filename to upload This filename is the source of the transfer and will originate from the PC Type the name ofthe file and press ENTER The second field in the sub menu is a prompt for the destination address on the trainer which defaults to 8F01h Type the destination address and press ENTER Once you are done entering the file transfer information you will be prompted to begin the file transfer Press the space bar to toggle between Y or N Press ENTER to selecta choice If you choose Y the file will be transferred to your trainer At the end of a successful transfer a FILE TRANSFER COMPLETED will flash in the main file transfer menu Ifthe file transfer is interrupted an abort message will flash This is caused by a bad checksum or a user break lt 5 gt key was pressed twice A file download is done by entering the File 1 0 menu ALT and F and selecting the Download from EMAC board field In this case the sub menu will appear as follows Enter PC filename drv pth fn ext Enter starting address 8F01h Enter last address 8F01h Enter offset address 0000h The first field is a prompt for the name of the destination file This will be a file on your If this file already exists it will be overwritten otherwise ECOM will create it Type the filename and press ENTER Forthe meaning of starting address last address and offs
52. s EMOS requests the starting block number Once again this is the same starting block number used when saving After entering the starting block number the user enters the number of blocks which is usually the same number used when saving Retrieving a program is basically accomplished in the same manner as saving a program You can still use the RAMDISK commands even if the RAM in slot two is not battery backed You can save and retrieve data but when you turn off the power the data in the RAM is lost Warning A program gone astray could possibly wipe out information stored on the RAMDISK If you have access to a terminal emulation program using the Hex Download command would be a safer alternative for program storage HARDWARE REFERENCE HARDWARE RESET The PRIMER board can be reset through the reset button provided on the board There 15 a reset output pin on the expansion connector which allows the resetting of the PRIMER to reset any devices that may be connected to the expansion connector SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT The PRIMER uses an RS232 standard serial communication port The port interfaces to a PC orterminal through a DB 9 shell connector communication cables are available as an accessory from EMAC The serial communication rate or baud rate must be set to the rate used by the terminal or PC Placement of jumper can set the baud rate from 300 baud up to 19 200 baud EMOS services are available which access the 8251 seri
53. t to return to the terminal screen and choose the D command to do a memory dump of 70 bytes at address 8F01 The Dump command displays the contents of memory allowing verification of the upload The screen should look similar to D STARTING ADDRESS 8F01 NO OF BYTES 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 T 8 9 A B C D 0123456789ABCDEF 6 8F01 31E DCD 0 10 18 ACD 010 6 1 8F11 E 411528FCD 010 E ACD 010 6 1 E Re gt 8F21 3 1E 20 CD 010 6 1 E D16 05DCD 010 1 8F31 CD 43 8F 6 1 E DCD 010 70 B7 C2 19 C Fes 8F41 FF ES 21 080 0 2 7D B4 C2 48 El Fl H 8F51 C9 A 20 54 48 45 20 44 49 50 53 57 49 54 THE DIPSWIT 8F61 43 48 20 4E 4F 57 20 52 45 41 44 53 20 D CH NOW READS 7 Choose the command at address 8F01 with no breakpoint NOTE To prevent the program from terminating at least one dip switch should be in the ON position The program once executed will display a message to the screen and then display to the screen the contents of the dip switch in HEX To exit the program set the dip switch to 0 all off To suspend the program press any key Once suspended the program can continue to run by choosing the G command with no options For more information on the EMOSTST program see the EMOSTST LST listing DOWNLOADING In the next part of the example we will modify the program and store it back to disk as an Intel hex file The modification to the program will involve changing the d
54. tant and educational features The PRIMER has digital 1 0 analog 1 0 and a display plus keypad for human interface The unitis preprogrammed via a 32K EPROM to allow the user to single Step and easily access the microprocessor registers User programs can be stored virtually anywhere within 32K RAM space providing ample room for even complex programs Assembly language subroutine drivers and EMOS services are provided for each 1 0 device to ease programming GETTING STARTED Before using EMOS the PRIMER must have the Upgrade Option installed Once this option is installed the jumpers must be placed at the following positions OJ 1 must have jumpers between pins 1 and 2 and pins 3 and 4 OJ 2 must be moved to option 0 3 must be moved to option NOTE Appendix A gives more detailed descriptions of the jumpers The PRIMER needs an appropriate power source It requires a power supply in the range of 7 to 10 volts DC that can supply more than 480 milliamps of current This power may be taken from a bench power supply a wall mounted power supply or any other suitable power source The power supply s output plug tip must be positive and the sleeve must be negative A wall mounted power supply that meets all of the previous stated requirements may be obtained from EMAC Inc Once power has been correctly applied to the PRIMER s power jack the PRIMER should give a tone and then show hex numbers on the digital displays If this doesn t happen aft
55. tents E Edit memory contents F Fill memory with byte G gt Go execute program full speed gt Hex Decimal math lst 2nd lst 2nd I Input from I O port gt List memory contents using mnemonics Move section of memory O Output to I O port R display Register contents S gt MOS Service call T Trace program execution W gt Write memory to RAMDISK hex download from trainer to host hex upload to trainer from host display this help menu The Bring Block command allows user to copy a block 256 bytes or blocks of data from RAMDISK to memory When the Bring Block command is issued the Monitor responds with DEST ADDRESS Enter the starting memory address up to 4 HEX digits where the RAMDISK data will be copied to The Monitor then responds with STARTING BLOCK Enter the starting block number up to 2 DEC digits of the desired first block NOTE Memory slot 2 contains blocks 1 75 The Monitor then responds with NUMBER OF BLOCKS Enter the number of blocks up to 2 DEC digits that are to be copied to memory NOTE If STARTING BLOCK NUMBER OF BLOCKS is greater than 75 the monitor will display ERROR BLOCK OUT OF RANGE and after a short delay return to the system prompt NOTE See the section USE OF RAMDISKS The Change command allows the user to change any of the microprocessor s registers the top element
56. the EPROM goes to pin 1 of the socket 0 2 must be in position for a 32k EPROM Place the unused EPROM ina static safe area Power up your unit and the program should begin to run If it doesn t work make sure you have followed these procedures carefully especially step 2 To insure desired results When inserting or removing EPROMS make sure the EPROM burner power LED is off When performing an ERASECHK VERIFY or BURN command make sure the EPROM type was correctly entered EMOS has a new menu option which is defined as follows 7 Z gt Zap application EPROM The Zap application command allows you to execute the ZAP service from the EMOS prompt When the command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING HIGH ADDRESS This is the upper byte of the start address of your program in memory the lower byte of the address defaults to 01 Two hex digits should be typed here The monitor then responds with NO OF BYTES This is the number of bytes in your program and can be up to 4 hex digits After this the program will begin to be written to the EPROM and the monitor will respond with appropriate error messages if necessary EMOS VERSION 1 7 This version fixed a bug in the EPROM programmer drivers EMOS VERSION 1 8 AND MOS VERSION 2 4 Service 9 ADCIN was speeded up by using a successive approximation algorithm This new routine is also more accurate at lower voltages since it now allows for settling ti
57. the error message ERROR BLOCK OUT OF RANGE will be displayed no Write action will be done and the original prompt will return REMEMBER The size of a block is 256 bytes The Hex upload command loads data from the host to the PRIMER in Intel HEX format When the upload command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS this is the memory address in the PRIMER where the data is to be loaded up to 4 HEX digits The Monitor responds with READY TO RECEIVE ESC TO ABORT The transfer of data can be stopped by pressing lt ESC gt NOTE This command 15 to be used in conjunction with a communication package running on a PC see the section on COMMUNICATION USING ECOM The Hex Download command saves data from the PRIMER to the host in Intel HEX format When the Download command is issued the Monitor responds with STARTING ADDRESS This is the starting memory address in the PRIMER of the data to be saved up to 4 HEX digits The Monitor then responds with LAST ADDRESS This is the ending address of the data to be saved up to 4 HEX digits The Monitor then responds with OFFSET ADDRESS The offset address is normally entered with the same address used for the starting address prompt To begin downloading press the lt 5 gt key NOTE This command is to be used in conjunction with a communication package running on a PC see the section on COMMUNICATION USING ECOM EMOS SERVICES EMOS allows t
58. the one farthest left NONE LED Hexadecimal output This service routine displays the number in the DE register pair in hex in the four displays on the left REGISTER C 12 REGISTER PAIR DE 16 bit number to be displayed in HEX NONE LED Decimal output This service displays a number in the DE register pair in decimal in the four displays on the left The maximum decimal value displayed is 9999 REGISTER C 13 REGISTER PAIR DE number to be displayed in Decimal NONE Delay according to the value of the HL register pair The larger the value the longer the Delay REGISTER C 14 REGISTER PAIR HL Amount of delay NONE Return the complement of input port B This is similar to the DIPSWIN service REGISTER C 15 REGISTER L Complement of data input to port B Return the status of the keypad in the HL register pair If a key has been pressed H will SERVICE 17 SERVICE 18 RANGE DE DE DE DE DE DE DE DE INPUT OUTPUT DIGOUT INPUT OUTPUT WRSCL be 1 and will contain the value ofthe key otherwise HL will be 0 Keys 0 F return 00 OF hex respectively and the Step Func Dec and Enter keys return 14 17 hex respectively REGISTER C 16 REGISTER PAIR HL Keypad status Show the hex digit in E on the display in D The value for E must be less than 10 hex The value in D should be a number from 0 to 5 with 0 denoting the rightmost display and 5 the leftmost
59. ts NONE Binary to Binary Coded Decimal This service converts the 16 bit number in register pair DE to binary coded decimal with the low nibble in register E being the least significant digit REGISTER C 23H REGISTER PAIR DE The number to be converted to BCD REGISTER PAIR DE The BCD number Binary Coded Decimal to Binary This service converts a 4 digit BCD number in register pair DE to binary REGISTER C 24H REGISTER PAIR DE 4 digit BCD number REGISTER PAIR DE converted number in binary Keypad Input This service allows the user to input up to a 4 digit number from the keypad The number will be returned in the DE register pair The numbers can be displayed on the LED display by loading D with 1 before the service is called The LED display will be turned off if D 2 0 The service will not return until the ENT key is pressed Once ENTER is pressed the last 4 digits entered will be loaded in DE with the last digit being the Least significant If 4 digits are not entered a 0 will be assumed for the leading digits REGISTER C 24H REGISTER D 1 for LED display on 0 for LED display off REGISTER PAIR DE 4 digit number from keypad TABLE OF CONTENTS SOFTWARE REFERENCE SERIAL COMMUNICATION PORT ni E ds OPTIONAL ON BOARD HARDWARE FEATURES ne nee nee en ee ann OTHER OPTIONS FOR THE PRIMER 222020202000 tert net ad een
60. upported are as fo E E YPE E E E 1 2 3 4 5 6 27512 27256 27128 27128 2764 2764 64K 32K 16K 16K 8K 8K x xx XXX CO 00 WHICH WHICH WHICH WHICH WHICH WHICH lows PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG If an illegal type number is passed to one of the following services the A register wi unaffected There are four MOS services which support EMAC s EPROM programmer READ service 1C RAMS RAMS RAMS RAMS RAMS RAMS 5 5 0 5 0 VOLT VO VO VO VO VO E L L L L L 3 HH BH H 1A til return the value 4 with other registers Copies a number of bytes starting atan EPROM memory address and stores them in system memory VERIFY service 1D VERIFY determines whether the data in the EPROM in the programmer matches a range of data in system memory BURN service 1E This writes a number of bytes from system memory to EPROM The above commands require that you load the 8085 registers as follows H L High order byte of system memory address High order byte of EPROM address NOTE The low order bytes ofthe system memory and EPROM addresses default to 0 Number of bytes B EPROM type as in the table above Service number

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