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1. cccccccccsccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccsccecces 1 A HEAT TEMPERATURE AND IR MEASUREMENT BASICS sccsececceccecececcecceccsccceccecescsceccscescescusens 1 CONDUCTIVE HEAT ns eei sd e ite eet eus anb DO e n 1 3 CONVECTIVE HEAT LU RAN SPER kayan kaya aA erba e eee aree dedo den Eua d ya 3 4 RADIATIVE HEAT LBANSEER det ene eate toda desde datae iate saa eu toi die uta 3 A 5 HOW THE IR FLEXCAM R2 CONVERTS RADIANCE TO TEMPERATURE ccccecececcecececscccecececeseccecces 7 APPENDIX B DETERMINING BACKGROUND TEMPERATURE AND EMISSIVITY 1 B 1 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING BACKGROUND TEMPERATURE SETTING USING AN ALUMINUM j SIE NE RCM DD 1 B 2 PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING THE EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITY OF AN UNKNOWN EMITTER 1 APPENDIX EMMISIVITY VALUES oec o cea eae evo a paese ou 1 APPENDIX D TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS e eee eee ee eee e eese ese 1 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual ii IR FlexCam Pro Camera Battery Charger Unpacking The IR Flexcam R2 comes in a rugged customized carrying case packed in a heavy corrugated shipping container with foam packing Unpack all equipment and account for each item using the shipping pape
2. 32 5 3 ADJUSTING BACKGROUND TEMPERATURE E x ark c8i aka l ln keka ee ee a keke e Kek see rese ese ise ese ese sese sese neun 32 5 4 PIXEL TEMPERATURE READINGS ieiuno ne K a Vie me E E eM MEE 33 5 5 COLOR PARETIT E e Md E dM M M M E 34 5 6 SCALING THE COLOR PALETTE T EMPERA TU R ES sy i n yk iy ne ka le kek lk SEE va k n ane ke dwa a W 35 5 7 PALETTE SATURATION COLORS i i tio e S na AK 38 5 8 HIDING COLOR PALETTEAND TASK BAR ousar nye meet oe obere b ne den Wo ean o r ne 38 5 9 CREATING AN ISOTHERM IN IMAGE da a RN e end dn se sese ese see esee sees eus 4 IO EER TRONIC ASSURER d ice sea ise den e O We V AN DANK 4 X li EO PS MD EXC ot 41 3 12 CAMERA DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION etes ote d eode Sexo ES ERE ERR o XI te thv aei de BER N DAR H sa y n 42 29 19 ADDINGANNOTATIONS TO AN IMAGE a tine ott co eka pulsat Mea 43 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual i Sele PREPARING ANNOTA TIONS DIS Tin kl kak A KA NM RH is MINES 48 CITAPTEROG CAMERA OP PICS coa eee aede aos eeu uda 4430040442552501 444 455004 49 6 1 TARGET AND PIXEL SIZES VERSUS DISTANCE TO TARGET ccccceccsceccsceccsceccscecescscescscesescesesces 50 APPENDIX A MEASUREMENT BASICS
3. where W Radiant flux emitted per unit area watts cm Emissivity unity for a blackbody target Stephan Boltzmann constant 5 673x10 watts cm T Absolute temperature of target K and the peak wavelength Am in um at which a surface radiates is determined by Wien s displacement law Am b T where Wavelength of maximum radiation b Wien s displacement constant 2897 um K From the point of view of IR radiation characteristics there are three types of target surfaces blackbodies graybodies and non graybodies also called real bodies or spectral bodies A blackbody radiator is defined as a theoretical surface having unity emissivity at all wave lengths and absorbing all of the radiant energy impinging upon it Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the radiant energy emitted from a surface to the energy emitted from a blackbody surface at the same temperature Although blackbody radiators are theoretical and do not exist in practice the surface of most solids are graybodies that is surfaces with emissivities that are fairly constant with wavelength Figure A 3 shows the comparative spectral distribution of energy emitted by a blackbody a graybody and a non graybody all at the same temperature 300 K As shown in Figure A 1 bottom the total exitance available to a measuring instrument form a target surface has three components emitted energy We reflected en
4. amp uto Hide Task Bar 3 Click on the setting of choice Off Hot Cursor Mouse Temp Normal Medium or High Cold Cursor Zoom Image 4 Click OK in the Image Settings Image Enhancement window or press and quickly e Normal Medium High release Freeze Frame button Image enhancement is set to Normal at the factory 5 2 Adjusting Emissivity Emissivity can be adjusted two ways The easiest method is to click on the emissivity value second panel from the left in the task bar and raise or lower the value with the up down mouse action Click again to close the mouse action This method can be used for all three image modes The second method is to use the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Iso PIC 2 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window Emissivity 0 95 Click on Emissivity tab in the mue NL Image Settings wind ipd Use the right left arrows to adjust the Emissivity or click on the value and use the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Emissivity values are adjustable between 0 01 and 1 00 with precision of 0 01 This value along with the background temperature and target radiation measured by the camera is used to calculate target temperatures The factory settin
5. td X rays Ultra A Infrared Bl Gamma Rays 001 01 1 10 o 7 0 4 0 75 1 0 15 20 30 50 10 Wavelength in um Figure A 4 1 Light and infrared in the electromagnetic spectrum Like light energy thermal radiation is a photonic phenomenon that occurs in the electromagnetic spectrum While light energy transfer takes place in the visible portion of the spectrum from 0 4um to 75 radiative heat transfer takes place in the infrared portion of the spectrum between 0 75um and about 1000 although most practical measurements are made out to only about 20um um stands for micrometers or microns A micron is one millionth of a meter and the measurement unit for radiant energy wavelength IR Flexcam R2 User Manual A 4 Appendix A All target surfaces warmer than absolute zero radiate energy in the infrared spectrum Very hot targets radiate in the visible as well The heating element of an electric stove at 800 K glows a cherry red for example and as it cools it loses its visible glow but continues to radiate This radiant energy can be felt with a hand placed near the surface but the glow is invisible because the energy has shifted from red to infrared IR thermal imagers measure and display images of this infrared radiated energy There are two key physical laws regarding infrared energy emitted from surfaces The heat radiated from the surface is expressed by the Stephan Boltzmann law W
6. 5 7 Palette Saturation Colors Colors are linearly mapped to temperature in all three image modes and for both fixed and auto scaling of the palette temperatures to color Scaling to the maximum and minimum temperatures whether auto or manual uses the full color palette to portray the temperatures in the image on the display at the time the scaling occurs The same scaling of temperatures with color is maintained until a re scaling occurs Following a re scaling if the camera measures a temperature greater than the palette maximum temperature and or a temperature lower than the lowest palette temperature the pixels with these measured extreme temperature will appear in saturation colors These colors shown in the table below appear on the ends of the palette color bar in the image Color Palette High Temperature Low Temperature Saturation Color Saturation Color Grayscale Blue red White Amber Inverted Color palettes include grayscale palettes If the maximum temperature of an image drops and or the minimum temperature rises after a scaling some palette colors or shades of color will not be used in the image until re scaling occurs 5 8 Hiding Color Palette and Task Bar Both the task bar and palette can be removed from the display thus opening the entire display for viewing the image By activating the Auto hide Task Bar function the task bar can be set to automatically disappear within 3 seconds if the mouse is moved o
7. Auto Hide Task Bar Click on Display tab in the Image Hat Cursor Mouse Temp Settings window Cold Cursor Zoom Image Uncheck the Temperature Scale Image Enhancement button in the Display tab to remove Mone OMedum High the Palette and pallet temperature sale from the image check it to add them to the image Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The factory setting has the Pallet and pallet temperature scale showing and the Auto Hide Task Bar function turned off IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 39 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 5 9 Creating an Isotherm in Image An isotherm temperature band can be added to the image for any one of the image modes The pixels that fall within the isotherm span will appear in an isotherm color different from the palette colors The span can be specified two ways a The maximum and minimum temperatures can be specified b The center point temperature and span width can be specified To add an isotherm to the image via the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by x pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette 2 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window Enable Isotherrn Click on Iso tab in the Image Settings window Check the Enable Isotherm button Isotherm Span 58 1 F 4 Center Bbe 1F 4 in the Isotherm tab Min 68 0 F
8. O 1F Set desired isotherm temperature span by either setting the maximum and minimum temperatures or the center temperature and span width in the Isotherm Span box of the Isotherm tab Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The temperature limits of the isotherm are displayed with the palette in the image These isotherm temperature limits can be adjusted by clicking on them and using the mouse up down action Click again to close the mouse action The factory settings have the isotherm turned off and span width set to zero 5 10 Electronic Zoom The image can be zoomed in electronically so that the center 74 area of the image fills the whole display 2x in both directions If one of the programmable buttons is activated for zoom press the zoom button item 8 or 9 on page 2 to toggle between zoom and normal when in any of the three image modes See paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program a button Electronic zoom can also be activated via the menu system IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 40 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Open the menu popup window by eee ribs pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette PIC 2 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window Center Point Temperature Scale Center amp uto Hide Task Bar 3 Click on Display tab in the Image Hot Cursor Mouse Temp Settings window
9. tab Confirm the deletion by clicking on yes in the popup window Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button m Auto Start Notation Wizard When Saving Mew Image Delete all images 47 Programmable Image Capture PIC Programmable Image Capture PIC is an in camera capability to record a sequence of several images without continued user input The user specifies the number of images to be captured and the time interval between images The minimum time interval is 1 second and the maximum is 10 000 seconds about 2 and1 2 hours The minimum number of frames is 1 and the maximum number is IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 25 Chapter 4 Camera Operation 10 000 The actual number of saved images is also limited by the capacity of your CompactFlash card Each image captured during a programmed sequence will be stored in the same manner and with the same name conventions as individual saved images See section 5 11 on page 41 There are two ways of starting the sequence manually triggered and temperature triggered Manual startup PIC begins taking images instantly following exercising the start function Temperature triggered PIC enables the user to choose a single camera temperature measurement point to trigger the image taking sequence Measurement points include hot and cold cursors center point mouse point and the center box average temperature Triggering can be based on the
10. Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Setting in the Menu window Display Brightness Normal 3 Click on Power tab of the Camera High Brightness Timeout Setting window Standby Timeout 4 Select and click on the desired time Standby To Off Timeout interval from the list in the pull down menus for a High Brightness Timeout b Standby Timeout and or c Standby to Off Timeout of the Power tab Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button wideo Output Enabled High Brightness Timeout limit is set to 30 seconds Standby Timeout to 2 minutes and Standby to Off Timeout to 5 minutes at the factory When the camera goes into the Standby mode the display shuts down but the camera remains on the power button will begin flashing To turn the display back on press the power button and the camera will return to whatever Image or menu mode it was in when it went to standby 3 Setting Temperature Units Temperature units Celsius Fahrenheit or Kelvin can be changed two ways The easiest method is to click on the temperature unit mark found in the second panel on the right end of the task bar This method can be used for all operating modes of the camera The second method is to use the menu system IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 12 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 1 Open the menu popup window by Camera Settings pres
11. Cold Cursor IR zoom Image 4 Check the Zoom Image button in Image Enhancement the Display tab Mone Normal O Medium High 5 Click in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Electronic zoom is set to normal and assigned to button F1 at the factory 5 11 Naming an Image Whenever an image is saved the image name is added to the display in the upper left corner It consists of a prefix with zero to three alphanumeric characters followed by an eight digit date yyyymmdd then an underscore and a four digit sequencing number The prefix is found in the memory card and based on what was stored last on the card If a new memory card with no stored prefix is used to store an image the prefix IR found in the camera nonvolatile memory will be used A prefix editor found in the Files tab of the Camera oettings menu provides a means for changing the prefix 5 11 1 Changing the Image File Prefix To change the prefix used in the saved image name 1 Open the menu popup window by 2880 pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Settings in the Menu window File Prefix IR Edi 3 Click on Files tab in the Camera EEE 0515 oettings window M m Auto Start Notation Wizard When 4 Open Prefix Editor by clicking on Saving New Image the Edit button of the Files Prefix line in the
12. Red Flashing Error Two batteries will charge sequentially The second battery remains in standby mode until the first battery is charged 3 Generally the battery may require recalibrating once a month depending on usage Recalibration enables IR FlexCam R2 to more accurately display remaining battery charge To recalibrate a battery use the left bay and press the recalibrate button on the front face Recalibration can take up to 16 hours The battery in the right bay can be charging while the left battery is being recalibrated A warning popup window appears on the camera display when turning a camera on with a battery that needs recalibration IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 8 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 3 2 Installing and Removing Battery from Camera 1 Align the battery in the battery slot item 21 on page 3 such that the side with terminals and latch slots face the back of the camera Press battery into place until the latch closes Do not use excessive force If it does not snap into place try reversing the battery 2 To remove the battery from the camera hold the camera upright and move the battery latch item 14 on page 2 to the left Position either hand to catch the battery as it releases from the camera 3 Catch battery and release the battery latch When a battery powers the camera a battery symbol will appear in the far right panel of the task bar The remaining charge capacity is indicated gra
13. d V y seker kud ew uet pa 16 3 12 SSETIING MOUSE SPEED do ost E o E Feb Rote eu SAN w y xwen ek ye pau eR HE K eken bi Kan uet 17 3 13 SAVING AND RETRIEVING CAMERA SETTINGS cccccccsecccseccsccescceueceecceucseeseeeceessseeceeceeseseesees 17 SN VIDLO dW a 19 CHAPTER 4 CAMERA OPERA TION ss ss sss ssssssossssssseseseeseseeeoseeoossesooeeoo9eee09ee009e00090000900009000096600e 21 4 1 TURNING THE CAMERA ON OFF AND A STANDBY MODE eee keke keke k KK KK KAKA KAK A A 21 4 2 FOCUSING THE CAMERA SNN NN NN DD DD DD DD Dd 21 4 3 CAUSING A LIVE IMAGE TO PAUSE WITHOUT SAVING THE IMAGE ecce 22 4 4 SAVINCOAN DMA G Lond a M ec ass DL E T E n M MEI 22 4 5 RETRIEVING SAVED MAGE Uvade ditas a ban Tas odes qub Su NEEE EEE a h kh da daban k 23 4 6 DELETING SAVED IMAGES RTT T T PmE 24 4 7 PROGRAMMABLE IMAGE CAPTURE 25 4 8 INTERNAL REGALIBRA TION ekere AS 30 CHAPTER 5 IMAGE INTERPRETATION Ms 24 414444a5455 54445145 248534 Bep enn epe ean G e kd n Vea k k ope 31 5 1 ADJUSTING IMAGE ENHANCEMEN L k es ota Buen Albu bes ae E ERES 31 5 2 ZDIUSTINGIMISSPVEDY stereos cece ret imd
14. heat transfer takes effect by means of two mechanisms the direct conduction through the fluid and the motion of the fluid itself Newton s cooling law defines the convective heat transfer coefficient h which expresses the combined effect of these two mechanisms h Z Q A T T 9 The presence of the plate causes the free fluid velocity Vf of the fluid to decrease to zero at the surface and influences its velocity throughout a variable distance called the boundary layer The thickness of the boundary layer depends inversely on the free fluid velocity and is greater for free convection and smaller for forced convection The rate of heat flow depends in turn on the thickness of the convection boundary layer and the temperature difference AT between Ts and To Ts is the surface temperature Too the free fluid temperature outside the boundary layer Convective heat transfer per unit area is expressed as a rearrangement of Newton s cooling law Q A h AT In real terms this expression means that the rate of heat flow increases with increasing temperature difference and with increasing fluid heat transfer coefficient Increasing fluid velocity increases the heat transfer coefficient A 4 Radiative Heat Transfer Radiative heat transfer is unlike the other two modes in several respects e can propagate through a vacuum t occurs by electromagnetic emission and absorption e lt occurs at the speed of light and behaves in a ma
15. images and text menus Used to toggle through three displays a no center crosshair or box b center crosshair with center temperature c center crosshair with center temperature together with box and maximum average and minimum box temperatures Programmable to different menu functions see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 Programmable to different menu functions see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 Used to turn camera on and off and to place the camera in a low power standby mode to save battery power Hidden switch to reset camera Can be accessed with a paper clip Connection port for AC to 9 volt DC power adapter Standard host and client USB ports used for communications between camera and computer and peripherals Factory use only Used to remove battery 320 by 240 pixel sunlight readable color display Used to re scale the color palette to the maximum and minimum temperatures in current image Performs mouse click Enter function for the Mouse Pointer Used to access the Menu mode Available for mounting auxiliary devices Chapter 1 Camera Interfaces and Controls 1 3 Interfaces and Controls Found on Camera Bottom 20 20 Tripod mount Standard 20 threaded hole for mounting camera on tripod 21 Battery 7 volt lithium ion battery for primary power 22 Factory Access port to a connector used to interface camera with access port a computer during manufacture and to the coin cell battery that powers camera nonvola
16. nnne KA K 3 1 4 DISPLAY NOMENCLATURE doe a utes ia Vo e c hune Mi W lek ende Se kak 3 CHAPTER 2 CAMERA HARDWARE DESIGN FEATURES W ccccccsssccccccscccscsscccscsccccssccccescccees 6 CHAPTER 3 CAMERA 8 3 BATTERY C HARGING OO APER AER MISIT 8 3 2 INSTALLING AND REMOVING BATTERY FROM CAMERA ecce eH ehe hene KK KK KAK KAK KAK KK KK KA 9 3 3 USINGAC AUXILIARY POW ER h k kaka n n n va k n Eno ceba b bi Paa Weney K b b n VER QA N ban 9 3 4 INSTALLING AND REMOVING THE MEMORY CARD ecce eene eene hne rese KAKA A KAK KK KK KAK KK 10 3 3 DISPLAY BRIGHTNE SS 11 3 6 SAVING POWER scar 15 5 OE 11 3 7 SE FRING LEMPERATURE 12 3 8 SE FUNG DATE AND LIME Ete t 13 3 9 PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTION BUTTONS 14 310 SELECTING EENS CALIBRATION idee peer e sensed R k sass DAR Seb ee e Erba e RES P k cane Dato va oce as eb censuses 16 SL CHANGING LANGUAGE y yu ete ten etd ye ptt abe Eee y x ken ke edid ese pae Ee
17. point having a temperature either greater than or less than a specified value These temperatures are monitored at 30 Hertz but displayed at 2 Hertz The PIC start is triggered off the displayed values and therefore will start with a maximum delay of about 72 second The minimum and maximum values for the temperature trigger point will be limited to the camera calibration range 20 to 100C or 4 to 212F Like the manually triggered PIC temperature triggered PIC also starts following the exercising of the start function but image taking is delayed until the specified temperature condition occurs A subset of the temperature triggered sequence is 1 that images are taken continuously after the sequence starts even though the temperature trigger condition may cease to exist and 2 the sequence pauses after the temperature trigger condition ceases to exist and resumes automatically once the temperature trigger condition re occurs 4 7 1 Configuring Manual Startup PIC Open the menu popup window by pressing the menu button Display Emissivity Palette PIC Click on Image Settings in the Images menu window Interval sec 1 Click on PIC tab in the Image Trigger Manual Temperature Settings window Centerpoint Use the Max Images right left Mouse ew arrows to adjust the number of ied D QUAE images or click on the value and ENT Save all images after trigger use
18. setup operation and care of the Infrared Solutions IR Flexcam R2 handheld imaging radiometer This manual consists of an introductory section followed by six chapters which describe 1 the operator interfaces and controls 2 the camera hardware design features 3 camera setup procedures 4 camera operation 5 image interpretation and 6 a discussion on the camera optics In addition there are four appendices with useful information on thermography Although the document presents troubleshooting tips it is not a maintenance and repair manual The theory of infrared technology is presented where necessary to help with target selection and image capture IR Flexcam R2 User Manual Table of Contents E En T VE ME MN tte ne H I SCOPE I TABLEORC ONFPENES cxs51ettestusca mtu tme Ru eU RE II Ni diro MD C IV AS M Ed ATEM EA LA MEME BE M UE IV QUIC S DAR tace OE uM M at Mur ME iuam qs tU An MAE V CHAPTER 1 CAMERA INTERFACES AND CONTROLS 4 50 55 x 1 24 l eene ee enhn rese eser ee ese ese a k n W xur S nus 1 1 1 INTERFACES AND CONTROLS FOUND ON CAMERA FRONT AND 1 1 2 INTERFACES AND CONTROLS FOUND ON CAMERA 2 1 3 INTERFACES AND CONTROLS FOUND ON CAMERA BOTTOM eke kek keke KK KK
19. the simple 9 5 1 8 to 1 relationship is used Al Fahrenheit or Rankin 1 8 AT Celsius or Kelvin A 2 Conductive Heat Transfer Conductive heat transfer is the transfer of heat in stationary media It is the only mode of heat flow in solids but can also take place in liquids and gases It occurs as the result of atomic vibrations in solids and molecular collisions in liquids whereby energy is moved one molecule at a time from higher temperature sites to lower temperature sites An illustration of conductive heat transfer is what happens when a transformer is mounted to a heat sink The thermal energy resulting from the loss in the transformer windings is conducted into the heat sink warming the heat sink and cooling the transformer The Fourier conduction law Q A k T L IR FlexCam R2 User Manual A 1 Appendix A expresses the conductive heat flow Q per unit area A through a slab of solid material of thickness L and a thermal conductivity k with a temperature drop of gt TZ2T1 T2 across it as shown in Figure A 1 top In real terms this expression means that the rate of heat flow increases with increasing temperature difference increases with increasing thermal conductivity and decreases with increasing slab thickness Thermal conductivity is generally highest for metals and lower for nonmetals and porous materials such as brick Figure A 2 1 Three Modes of Heat Transfer TI TI T2 2 Co
20. the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 26 Chapter 4 Camera Operation 5 Use the Interval sec right left arrows to adjust the number of seconds between images or click on the value and use the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action 6 Highlight the Manual button f Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 4 7 2 Configuring Temperature Triggered PIC gem m pressing the menu button Display Emissivity Palette Iso PIC Click on Image Settings in the Images 1 r menu window Interval sec 1 Click on PIC tab in the Image Trigger Manual Temperature oettings window TT Use the Max Images right left sie 775 arrows to adjust the number of images or click on the value and Save all images after trigger use the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action Use the Interval 5 right left arrows to adjust the number of seconds between images or click on the value and use the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action 6 Highlight the Temperature button f Highlight the measurement point button Hotpoint Coldpoint Centerpoint Mouse or Box Avg Highlight the Over or Under button IR Flexcam
21. this file when annotating images IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 48 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation Chapter 6 Camera Optics The camera has a 160 by 120 focal plane array It uses microbolometer detectors that require no cryogenic cooling and responds to long wave infrared radiation in the 8 to 12 micron wavelength band The detector elements are square and located in a rectangular grid with 51 micron pitch The optical path of the camera includes a band pass filter to restrict the camera response to the 8 to 12 microns wavelength band This wave band is selected to help the IR FlexCam R2 see low temperatures limit its response to sun glints and limit the influence of humidity IR FlexCam R2 is provided standard with an f0 8 20mm focal length lens The lens is made of germanium and is antireflection coated for high transmission in the 8 to 12 micron wavelength band Two additional lenses are available a wide angle 10 5 mm focal length f0 8 lens to capture larger targets at short distances and narrow angle 54 mm focal length f1 0 lens to capture small targets at long distances The FOV Field of View and IFOV Instantaneous Field of View for the three lenses are listed in the following table Lens Focal Length Horizontal FOV Vertical FOV IFOV IFOV __ e E degrees P 0278 146 86 _ When alternate lenses are used the camera requires alternate calibration data This alternate calibration data is stor
22. Files tab 5 If you want no prefix highlight the existing prefix and delete it by clicking on Backspace Select and click on up to three alphanumeric characters one at a time in sequence from the table IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 41 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 7 Click on in the Prefix Editor window 8 Click OK in the Camera Settings HH d window or press and quickly 6 9 n release Freeze Frame button ER EL LER 5 11 2 Resetting the Image File Sequence Number To change the File Sequence Number used in the saved image name 1 Open the menu popup window by OK pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Settings in the Menu window File Prefix ABC 3 Click on Files tab in the Camera File Sequence 0000 Settings window 4Auto Start Notation Wizard When Saving New Image 4 Click on the Reset button next to the File Sequence number 5 Click in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 5 12 Camera Descriptive Information Data describing the cameras are presented in two places the Camera Info window of the main menu and the Info tab of the Image Settings window The Camera Info window presents data describing the current camera The Information Info tab of the Image Settings
23. IR FLEXCAM R2 PORTABLE INFRARED SYSTEM Ln m 7J lt gt 2 C gt infrared SOLUTIONS SHARPEReSIMPLEReSMARTER IR FlexCam R2 User Manual Preface The IR FlexCam R2 is one of the FlexCam family of handheld portable video rate infrared cameras which include IR FlexCam PRO320 T320 T S and R1 The IR FlexCam cameras are battery or auxiliary AC powered with built in image storage via a removable CompactFlash card and varying degrees of on screen temperature measurements and image analysis Images can also be output from the cameras as TV compatible video for presentation purposes The IR FlexCam R2 has on camera full screen 19200 pixels temperature measurements and image analysis capability Images saved to the removable CompactFlash card can be transferred to a PC for documentation and further analysis The IR FlexCam R2 comes with a Microsoft Windows compatible PC software program SmartView that can be used to manipulate images stored on the CompactFlash card SmartView includes a full suite of functions Images can be viewed analyzed re stored elsewhere printed and exported in several commonly used graphic formats and as a numerical data table The program also provides the ability to prepare multiple page custom reports containing the infrared graphics an imported visible CCD image statistical data annotations and comments Scope This Manual provides instructions for initial
24. R2 User Manual 27 Chapter 4 Camera Operation 9 Use the right left arrows to adjust the temperature trigger point or click on the value and use the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action 10 Check the Save all images after trigger button if you want to save all images after the initial trigger uncheck it if you want only images that meet the trigger criteria Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Note If the Save all images after trigger button is checked an image will be captured after each time interval following the initial trigger even if the temperature condition changes If the button is unchecked images will be captured at the time interval only when the specified temperature condition exists 4 7 3 Check Available Space on Memory Card The PIC setup window has a button labeled Check Space that can be used to determine the available capacity of the CompactFlash memory card If the memory card is not present when this button is clicked the user will be prompted to insert a card or cancel the function When the card is present a popup window will appear that displays the number of image files currently on the memory card and an estimate of the number of new images that can be added A button at the bottom of the popup window allows the user to apply this estimated maximum image count to the Max Images value on the PIC configura
25. Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Camera Settings OK Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save File Prefix d File Sequence 0515 Auto Start Notation Wizard When Saving Mew Image Delete all images Once annotations are added to an image file and that image is displayed on the camera display an annotation icon appears following the image name in the upper left corner of the display If the current memory card has no annotation list the camera will use the factory annotation list stored in nonvolatile memory If you want to add annotations from a list of annotation on another memory card b to a saved image on card a IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 47 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Load the saved image from card a 2 Exchange cards remove card a and insert card b 3 Call up annotation editor and add annotations to the saved image 4 Exchange cards remove card b and re insert card a 5 Save image to card a with annotations added from card b 5 14 Preparing Annotations List The list of annotations is prepared using the annotation editor feature of the SmartView software Refer to the SmartView on line help for the details of preparing the list The list should be stored in a file named notations txt This file should be copied into the top level directory of the compact flash card The camera will automatically use the information in
26. aling is long it too can be disconcerting With the IR FlexCam R2 this timing is adjustable from 4 second to 10 seconds Manual scaling by pressing the scaling button to fix the temperature range based on the maximum and minimum temperatures in the image at the time scaling is set If the center box feature is on the image like in auto scaling the scaling is done based on the temperatures in the box and not on the whole image C Scaling to an arbitrary fixed temperature span Auto scaling is exercised via the menu system IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 35 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Open the menu popup window by E pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette Iso PIC 2 Click Image Settings in the Elue Red Palette Menu window xm Automatic Adjustment Click on Palette tab in the Image E Adjustment Interval Setting window Check the Automatic Adjustment Center 68 0 F gt button on the Palette tab Width 36 0 F gt Select and click on the desired time interval between auto scaling from the list in the Adjustment Interval pull down menu on the Palette tab Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The factory setting has auto scaling turned on to 72 second Manual re scaling of the color palette to the maximum and minimum temperatures i
27. attery charge IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 4 Chapter 1 Camera Interfaces and Controls Temperatures palette and location to click to change limits of a fixed temperature range 11 Center point Average temperature of the center most group of 4 pixels Temperature 12 Mouse Pointer Mouse pointer and temperature at the location of the and mouse pointer Temperature taken and a sequencing number Palette Maximum center and minimum temperatures of the Hottest Temperature and location of the hottest temperature in Temperature the image always in red Coldest Temperature and location of the coldest temperature in Temperature image always in blue IR Flexcam R2 User Manual Chapter 2 Camera Hardware Design Features Chapter 2 Camera Hardware Design Features The IR FlexCam R2 is designed to be compact flexible rugged and easy to operate It has a five inch display module that can be positioned for optimal viewing by the operator while the lens sensor module is free to be rotated into position to capture the target image The modules can be adjusted for viewing the display comfortably while monitoring targets in difficult positions such as on the ceiling hidden above high objects or hidden under low obstacles Note in the pictures below how the display module and the lens sensor module can be positioned relative to each other for optimum viewing comfort The modules can be adjusted so the camera display and
28. button to begin second sequence etc Starting and Stopping a PIC sequence using the menu system Open the menu popup window by pressing the menu button Click on the Start Sequence line in the menu popup window the Start Sequence line will change to CSS XD Bx Stop Sequence Browse Images Image Settings To stop the sequence before Annotate completion open the menu popup Start Sequence window by pressing the menu button and click on the Stop FIA 0 95 08 25 04 12 33 Sequence line T IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 29 Chapter 4 Camera Operation 4 To start a second sequence open the menu popup window again by pressing the menu button and click on the Start Sequence line in the menu popup window etc Once the PIC sequence has started an onscreen progress indicator at the top of the display will show the status of your PIC sequence The indicator will display the current number of collected images out of the total number configured for the PIC sequence If the PIC sequence is a temperature triggered configuration the status indicator will display waiting until the trigger condition is observed 4 7 4 1 Freeze Frame Button While in PIC mode the Freeze Frame button will not pause and un pause an image However it will continue to act as an OK button for camera operations for example as in accepting a value change for palette
29. by pressing the Menu button Camera Into 2 Click on Save Image in the Menu Camera Settings window Browse Images Image Settings Annotate Image Start Sequence Save Image be Fa 5 0 95 68 0 08 25 04 12 28 lor 8 Whenever image is saved the image name is added to the display the upper left corner See paragraph 5 11 on page 41 for details on the saved image name It is recommended that you keep no more than 300 images and preferably less than 50 on your camera s compact flash card It is suggested that you often move the images from the CompactFlash card to your desktop or laptop PC 4 5 Retrieving a Saved Image All the saved images on the memory card in the camera can be seen on the camera display as thumbnail images in pages of nine at a time For a given prefix the images will be presented in reverse order from the order in which they were taken The first image on the first page will be the last saved image of a prefix grouping except in the case when you modify and resave an already saved image A modified and resaved image if saved as a new image will be places next to the initially saved image The prefix groupings are arranged in reverse alphabetical order Any one of the thumbnails can be highlighted and opened to fill the whole display Saved images can be retrieved in two ways a With the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by eM pressing the Menu but
30. ck the Video Output Enabled button Click OK on the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button To turn on and off the video output Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse save Click on Camera Settings in the Menu window Display Brightness Norma v Click on Power tab in the Camera High Brightness Timeout 15sec v settings window Standby Timeout 10 rin Check the Video Output Enabled Standby Off Timeout 10min button to turn video output on uncheck it to turn video output off Click OK on the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Video Output Enabled Fa Video is set to NTSC and OFF at the factory IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 20 Chapter 4 Camera Operation Chapter 4 Camera Operation The IR FlexCam R2 has three image modes live image pause image and saved image and one menu mode e Live Image Mode In this mode the camera displays a live video image When the camera is first turned on it starts in this mode and will continue in this mode until the operator exercises a mode change e Pause Image Mode In this mode a single live image frame is frozen on the camera display By pressing the freeze frame button item 2 page 1 for less than 1 2 second the camera goes into this Pause Image mode and the word Paused appears in t
31. control buttons are positioned for comfortable desktop image analysis The camera can also be mounted on a tripod for continuous monitoring of a single location See pictures below IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 6 Chapter 2 Camera Hardware Design Features The IR FlexCam R2 is powered with a long life lithium battery that is not subject to charge capacity loss from the practice of partial charging The camera can read the remaining charge capacity of the battery and presents that value to the operator pictorially and in terms of minutes of remaining camera run time IR Flexcam R2 User Manual T Chapter 3 Camera Preparation Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 3 1 Battery Charging The IR Flexcam R2 comes with a battery charger that works with 100 to 240 volts 50 or 60 Hertz AC input It has a recalibration feature for maintaining correct capacity monitoring with the camera 1 Connect the universal switching power supply to an AC wall outlet with the line cord An adapter for the wall outlet may be needed in some non USA countries Connect the power supply to the dual bay battery charger model FLX 3002 2 Insert battery into one of the battery charger bays Charging takes up to 3 hours The LED indicator in front of each bay conveys charging status Off No battery detected Green Flashing Fast charging Green Solid Fully charged Yellow Flashing Recalibrating Yellow Green Recalibrated Yellow Solid Standby
32. d adjust the 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar calendar in the popup window by first selecting the month with the right left buttons and then click on the day The year can be changed by clicking on the year at the top of the popup window and adjusting with the up down buttons IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 13 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 5 Click on the hour notation in the Time box to set the 24 hour clock hour with the up down buttons based on a Click on the minute notation in the Time box to set the minute with the up down buttons If seconds are included in the time format click on the seconds notation in the Time box to set the seconds with the up down buttons Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The format of the date and time can be set to a number of conventions both USA and international This is done via the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Setting in the Temperature Unit F OC C k Menu window Language Click on Locale tab of the Camera video Signal Setting window Decimal Symbol Select and click on the desired date semel format from the list in the Date pull down menu of the Locale tab Time Select and click on the desired time format from the list in the Time pull down menu o
33. e PIC sequence Image Enhancement Used to give quick access to cycle through the image enhancement settings Off Normal Medium and High Each time the function button is pressed the next setting will take affect Lens Properties Used to quickly access the calibration range lens selection page Internal Recalibrate Used to perform an immediate internal calibration adjustment 3 9 2 Assigning Programmable Buttons Assigning a new function to the programmable buttons is easy and intuitive IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 15 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 1 Click on the function icon for either button that is displayed in the far left panel of the task bar A popup menu appears listing the functions with their icons that are available to Brightness be assigned to that button Annotation 990 Browse Thumbnails Highlight and click on the desired Palette Visible Start Sequence new function The function icon displayed in the task bar will change appropriately for that button pee F2 0 95 68 0 08 31 04 11 24 of R All assignable functions can be assigned to either button Electronic Zoom is assigned to button F1 and display Brightness to button F2 at the factory 3 10 Selecting Lens Calibration For optimum performance on different applications a single IR FlexCam R2 camera can be provided with different l
34. e display It also presents the version of software used for managing the camera operation OCA and the version for performing image data processing DSP This data and therefore the Info tab in the Image Settings window is not available if the image on the display is live or a paused image But once the image is saved the Info tab is available and this data is permanently attached to the file containing the image Acquire this data by 1 Retrieve or save an image to the camera display 2 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button 3 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window Image Capture Date 10 09 03 T i Image Capture Time 14 17 4 Click on Info tab in the Image OCA Version 1 0 0 1 Settings window DSF Version 32 10 13 51 5 Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button to close the window 5 13 Adding Annotations to an Image Every image that is saved by the IR FlexCam R2 is saved to a file on the memory card In addition to the image data these files contain the time and date when the image was taken the image name and descriptive information on the camera used to take the image See paragraphs 5 11 and 5 12 above IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 43 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation In addition to the camera information automatically saved with the image by the camera the IR FlexCam R2 has the capability of conveniently adding additional user defin
35. e levels of brightness by successively pressing the programmed Brightness button Note For maximum battery life choose the dimmest setting that provides an acceptable image 3 6 Saving Power The IR FlexCam R2 has a power management function to extend the life of a battery charge One feature is to keep the intensity of the display at the appropriate level See paragraph 3 5 above for a discussion on selecting display brightness The camera has a means of limiting how long the display stays on high brightness before the camera automatically turns the display brightness to IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 11 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation normal This occurs automatically independent of any button or mouse action The high brightness level can also be set to stay on continuously Another feature of the power management function is that the camera will go into a standby mode where it automatically shuts off the display if there is no button or mouse action for a specified time interval And the camera can be set to automatically turn off camera power after an additional specified time interval when there is no button or mouse action The display brightness timeout Standby Timeout and Standby to Off Timeout functions are only applicable when a battery powers the camera When the camera is powered with AC the timeout features are disabled To set the power management time intervals 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button
36. ed and clicked OK 10 To close the annotation procedure click OK in the Annotation window a second time or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Using the menu popup window to select and add annotations to the image file Retrieve a previously saved image or save a new image to the display See Annotations window above Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Click on Annotate Image in the menu window Click on the first relevant category Check relevant items in that category IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 46 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 6 Click OK in the Annotation window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 7 Click on next relevant category 8 Check relevant items in the new category 9 Click OK in the Annotation window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 10 Etc until all relevant items are checked and click OK 11 To close the annotation procedure click OK in the Annotation window a second time or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button To set up the camera so the annotation function automatically starts when a new image is saved 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Click on Camera Settings in the Menu window Click on Files tab in the Camera oettings window Check the Auto Start Annotation Wizard When Saving New Image button in the Files tab Click OK in the Image
37. ed in the camera memory at the factory and is selected via the menu system See Paragraph 3 10 on page 15 Spot size expressed as a ratio is another way of describing radiometer optics It is the ratio of the distance to the target to the size of the measurement area seen by a single detector It is commonly used to describe point radiometers For example a point radiometer with a 60 1 spot size will measure the average temperature of a 1 inch diameter area on a target at 60 inches from the radiometer or 1 foot in diameter at 60 feet The spot size for an individual detector on the IR FlexCam R2 with the standard lens is 392 1 For the wide angle lens it is 206 1 and for the narrow angle lens it is 1059 1 There are 19 200 spot size measurements made in a single image with the IR FlexCam R2 The chart below shows how the pixel sizes or spot sizes and total target sizes vary with distance to the target for the three lens options IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 49 Target Size feet Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 6 1 Target and Pixel Sizes versus Distance to Target Shown for three lens options Hor Vert 40 30 Do 25 26 7 20 20 15 13 3 10 6 7 5 0 0 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual Distance to Target feet 50 Pixel Size inches Appendix A Appendix A Measurement Basics A 1 Heat Temperature and IR Measurement Basics Temperature is a measure of the thermal energy contained by an object the degree of hot
38. ed textual annotations to the image These annotations are selected on the camera from a list either in nonvolatile memory or generated by the user using the SmartView annotation editor and placed on the memory card in a file named notations txt See paragraph 5 14 on page 48 The annotation list can have a large number of categories and a large number of annotations in each category completely definable by the user Below is the list contained in nonvolatile memory as an example list showing the category names followed by the item list for each individual category Categories Area Location Compass Description Problem Severity Recommendation Area O Inside O Outside O 1 Floor 2 9 Floor O 34 Floor O Basement O Attic O Garage O Kitchen O Dining Room O Family Room O Office O Bedroom O 1 O 2 O 3 O 4 O Master Bedroom O Bathroom O Master Bathroom O Closet O Laundry Room O Other Location O Ceiling O Wall O Floor IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 44 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation O Roof O Other Compass O North O South O East O West Description O Door O Window O Fixture O Cabinet O Baseboard O Electrical O Plumbing O HVAC O Siding O Other Problem o Moisture r Mold o Air Gap Insulation Other None severity O Low O Medium O High Recommendation O Dry O Replace O Monitor O Other O None Each category allows one of two possible selection models A catego
39. enses Calibration data for each lens are stored in the camera memory and when the lens is changed you must identify which lens is being used To identify the lens type 1 Open the menu popup window by emd dara pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens power Fies Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Settings in the Lens 20mmyF 8 menu window Calibration range 3 Click on Lens tab in the Camera Settings window Select and click on the appropriate lens from the Lens pull down menu list in the Lens tab Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 3 11 Changing Language The IR Flexcam R2 allows the user to change the menu and image display language The camera is set to English at the factory To change language IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 16 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Settings line of Temperature Unit Oc O the menu window Language English LIS Click on Locale tab of the Camera Video Signal 213002 Setti Ng WI ndow Decimal Symbol Click on the Language pull down menu on the Locale tab Date Select and click on the desired language in the Language pull down list on the Locale tab Click OK in t
40. ergy Wr from the environment and other reflecting sources and energy transmitted through the target surface Wt from sources behind the target If the target is a blackbody emitter it has an emissivity of 1 00 and it will reflect and transmit no energy If the target is a graybody emitter it will resemble a blackbody in spectral distribution but since its emissivity is less than unity it may also reflect and or transmit energy If the target is a non graybody emitter it also may emit reflect and transmit energy Since only the emitted component IR Flexcam R2 User Manual A 5 Appendix A We is related to the temperature of the target surface it becomes apparent that a significant step in making IR temperature measurements is eliminating or compensating for the other two components Infrared radiation from the target passes through some transmitting medium on its way to the infrared instrument If the medium is a vacuum there is no loss of energy but most infrared measurements are made through air The effect of most atmospheric gases can be ignored for short distances such as a few meters As the path length increases however atmospheric absorption can be a source of error There are two spectral intervals that are relatively free from absorption losses These are known as the 3 5um and the 8 14um atmospheric windows Almost all infrared sensing and imaging instruments are designed to operate in one of these two windows The IR Fl
41. ermine the emissivity setting needed for a particular target material by using the same instrument that will be used for the actual measurement The procedure is illustrated in Figure B 1 and is described as follows Prepare a sample of the material large enough to contain several spot sizes or IFOVs of the instrument A 4 in x 4 in sample is a good choice opray one quarter of the target sample with flat black light absorbing paint emissivity is about 0 96 in the 8 12 region or cover it with black electrician s tape emissivity is about 0 95 in the 8 12um region or use some other substance of known high emissivity IR Flexcam R2 User Manual B 1 Appendix B Heat the sample to a uniform temperature as close as possible to the temperature at which actual measurements will be made Making certain that the value for background temperature has been properly entered see B1 Adjust the emissivity to the known emissivity of the coating and measure the temperature of the coated area by placing the center point crosshairs of the IR FlexCam R2 in the center of the coated area Repeat for two other locations on the coated area Average the three readings Move the center point crosshairs to the uncoated area of the image and adjust the emissivity value until the temperature reading obtained in 4 above is repeated This new emissivity value should be used for this and similar target materials Figure B 2 1 Measuring Effective Emis
42. exCam R2 operates in the 8 14um window body at 300K body at 300K gt o 2 E Lu gt 3 o 04 10 Wavelength um Stephan Boltzmann Law Wien s Displacement Law Radiant Flux per Unit Area in watts cm Amax b T 2897 T W OET approx 3000 T Figure A 4 2 Spectral Distribution of 3 Types of Emitters at 300K Since most measurements using the IR FlexCam R2 are made through a relatively short atmospheric path less than 10 meters errors due to atmospheric losses can generally be ignored Solid media however such as a glass or quartz viewing port used in some manufacturing processes can seriously attenuate infrared energy if situated between the target and the infrared instrument and can make temperature measurement difficult In those cases the spectral transmission and absorption characteristics of the medium must be taken into consideration in calibrating the instrument IR Flexcam R2 User Manual A 6 Appendix A A 5 How the IR FlexCam R2 Converts Radiance to Temperature The IR FlexCam R2 corrects the infrared radiance from any single point on the target surface where the cursor is placed so as to approach a true temperature measurement at that location To do this it first assumes that the IR absorption of the air path between the target and the instrument is negligib
43. f the Locale tab Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The date and time formats are set to MM dd yy and HH mm ss respectively at the factory 3 9 Programmable Function Buttons Two buttons items 8 and 9 on page 2 are programmable to several camera functions All functions except Internal Recalibration can also be exercised through the menu system These buttons are designed to make often used IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 14 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation functions directly available by a single button push The more frequently used functions will vary by operator and application so it is likely that different operators will want direct access to different functions 3 9 1 Programmable Button Definitions Zoom Used to quickly toggle between 2x zoom and normal display settings Brightness Used to quickly access the backlight brightness adjustment Dim Normal and Bright Each time the function button is pressed the next setting will take affect Annotation Used to quickly access the image annotation editor 200 Browse Thumbnails Used to quickly browse thumbnails of images stored on the compact flash card Palette Visible Used to give quick access to toggling the palette bar on and off the display Start Sequence Used to quickly start the programmable image capture PIC sequence Stop Sequence Used to quickly stop the programmable image captur
44. ff the task bar or if the mouse remains stationary on the task bar This function is turned on via the menu system IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 38 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Open the menu popup window by Image Settings m Ix M Seley Esty Paete 2 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window Center Point Temperature Scale Center Box IM Auta Hide Task Bar Click on Display tab in the Image Hot Cursor Temp Settings window Cold Cursor Zoom Image Check the Auto hide Task Bar Image Enhancement button to turn the function on and C Medium C High uncheck it to turn it off Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button To make the task bar reappear with the Auto hide function turned on move the mouse to the bottom of the display The palette can be removed from the display two ways The easiest way is to assign Palette Visible to one of the programmable buttons items 8 and 9 on page 2 which will toggle the palette on and off the display See paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program a button The second way to remove the palette is via the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by EN pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette Iso PIC 2 Click on Image Settings in the Center Point S Temperature Scale Menu window Center Box we
45. g for emissivity is 0 95 5 3 Adjusting Background Temperature Background temperature can be specified two ways The easiest method is to click on the background temperature value third panel from the left in the task IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 32 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation bar and raise or lower the value with the up down mouse action Click on the background temperature value again to close the mouse action This method can be used for all three image modes The second method is to use the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by eg OK pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette PIC 2 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window ii Emissivity 0 995 KIG Click on Emissivity tab in the 662 Image Settings window Use the right left arrows to adjust the Background Temp or click on the value and use the up down mouse action and click again to close the mouse action Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button This background temperature along with emissivity and target radiation measured by the camera will be used to calculate target temperatures The factory setting for background temperature is 68 F 5 4 Pixel Temperature Readings Four spot temperatures and the maximum minimum and average temperature in a center box area can be displayed on the image in any one of the three operating modes T
46. ge 10 4 Turn on camera see location of Power switch item 10 on page 2 5 Set emissivity to 0 95 factory setting which is representative of many targets like painted surfaces see procedure in paragraph 5 2 on page 2 6 Set background temperature to the ambient room temperature factory setting is 68F see procedure in paragraph 5 3 on page 32 7 Remove lens cap and point camera toward target 8 Frame the target image on the display 9 Click the Scale Button see location of Scale Button item 16 on page 2 10 Focus camera lens see procedure in paragraph 4 2 on page 21 11 Repeat steps 9 and 10 as needed 12 Capture an infrared image see procedure in paragraph 4 3 on page 22 13 Read temperatures in the infrared image see procedure paragraph 5 4 on page 33 14 Save the thermogram infrared image for later use see procedure paragraph 4 4 on page 22 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual V Chapter 1 Camera Interfaces and Controls Chapter 1 Camera Interfaces and Controls Camera functionality is described in detail in chapters 2 through 6 The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the user to the look and feel of the IR FlexCam R2 The IR FlexCam R2 has several direct access buttons a menu system image display removable memory card and video output The buttons and menu system are designed to be readily accessible for quick and easy operation of the camera The IR FlexCam R2 has two pro
47. grammable buttons that are easily programmed for direct access to menu functions that are used most often by an individual camera operator The location of the camera interfaces and controls are shown in the following paragraphs along with a description of their function 1 1 Interfaces and Controls Found on Camera Front and Top 1 4 2 3 1 Lens Infrared germanium lens with manual focus 2 Freeze Frame Button used to pause and or save an image frame Button and to toggle back to the video mode Also used to close out the menu page and return the camera to an operating mode same as an OK click 3 Video Port and RCA video jack used to connect camera to a TV Cover video monitor plus protective cover 4 Memory Card olot for CompactFlash card and ejection button Slot and Cover plus protective cover Neck Strap Pins for attaching neck and or shoulder strap Mount IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual Chapter 1 Camera Interfaces and Controls Interfaces and Controls Found on Camera Back 10 11 12 13 Mouse Controller Crosshair Button Programmable Button No 1 Programmable Button No 2 Power Standby owitch Reset Switch Auxiliary Power Port Communication Ports Battery Latch Display Scale Button Mouse Click Button Menu Button Auxiliary Mount 19 18 17 16 Used to control position of the mouse pointer in the
48. he Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Time 3 12 Setting Mouse Speed The speed at which the mouse moves across the display and or changes numerical values and the sensitivity of the mouse button to that movement can be adjusted from slow to fast To adjust the mouse speed 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Settings line of the menu window Click on Mouse tab of the Camera Setting window regc Highlight and drag the Mouse Sensitivity button on the Locale tab to the desired speed or click on the sensitivity bar in the desired slower or faster direction Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The mouse is set to the fastest speed at the factory 3 13 Saving and Retrieving Camera Settings The camera settings like palette selection temperature units power management hottest point etc can reside in 3 places on the memory card in IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 17 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation the camera nonvolatile memory and in the camera operating memory The camera always uses the settings stored in the operating memory When a camera is turned on the setup parameters stored on the memory card are loaded into the camera operating memory replacing any settings that may have been there If a camera is turned on wi
49. he desired image UIN by scrolling through the pages with p the right left arrows in the Task bar 4 Highlight desired image and click on m20030605_32870 1 20030604 0001 1820030602 0005 the Delete button in the Task bar 5 Confirm the deletion by clicking on Yes in the popup window 6 Click on Close button in the Browse window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 24 Chapter 4 Camera Operation b Delete a single image with one of the programmable buttons assigned to Browse images see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program a button 1 Press the programmed Browse Image button oee Browse Images window above 2 Select page with the desired image by scrolling through the pages with the right left arrows in the Task bar Highlight the desired image and click on the Delete button in the Task bar Confirm the deletion by clicking on Yes in the popup window Click on Close button in the Browse window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button All images on the memory card can be deleted at one time by 1 Open the menu popup window by zn pressing the menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save Click on Camera Settings in the menu window File Prefix IR Click on Files tab in the Camera Sequence 0085 oettings window Click on the Delete All button in the Files
50. he upper left corner of the display e Saved Image Mode In this mode images are saved on the CompactFlash card as well as frozen on the display An image can be saved from any one of the image modes Live Image Pause Image and even resaved from the Saved Image mode From any of the three modes pressing the Freeze Frame button and holding it down for more than 1 2 second puts the camera in this mode This mode also applies when a previously saved image is retrieved and displayed on the camera display After an image is saved press and release the Freeze Frame button in 1 2 second or less to return to Live Image mode e Menu Mode In this mode information and setup menus are displayed on the camera display Pressing the Menu button item 18 on page 2 starts this mode by opening a popup menu on the camera display 4 1 Turning the Camera On Off and to a Standby Mode To turn the IR FlexCam R2 on install a charged battery paragraph 3 2 on page 9 and press the Power button located to the left of the display item 10 on page 2 The camera will start in the live image mode During start up the FlexCam logo will appear first and then a task bar at the bottom of the display While the task bar is showing the camera stabilizes and performs self calibration This start up process will take about 30 seconds to complete To save battery charge capacity while keeping the camera on turn the display off by pressing and immediately releasing the P
51. hese temperatures are monitored at 30 Hertz but displayed at 2 Hertz to make them more readable The spot temperatures are marked with a crosshair except in the case of the mouse which is marked by the very tip of the mouse arrow Note that the mouse arrow may change direction when it approaches a display edge But it always marks the pixel at its very tip The easiest method for turning on and off the center point and center box temperature readings is to use the Crosshair button item 7 on page 2 This button toggles from a no center point and no center box to b center point only to c center point and center box and back to a The center box and center point along with the hottest spot coldest spot and mouse pointer temperature value can be turned on or off via the menu system IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 33 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Open the menu popup window by 8 pressing the Menu button 2 Click on Image Settings in the Menu window amp uto Hide Task Bar Click on Display tab in the Image Hot Cursor Mouse Temp Settings window Cold Cursor Zoom Image From the list shown check the Image Enhancement desired spot and center box Mone Norma OMedum High temperatures you want to appear in the image make sure all those unwanted are unchecked Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Unchecking the cen
52. ion IFOV 2 6 mrad Power Battery Type Li Ion Smart Battery rechargeable field replaceable Battery Operating Time 2 hours continuous operation Battery Charging 2 bay intelligent charger powered via AC outlet or 12v from car optional Power Saving Automatic shutdown and sleep mode user specified Interfaces Video Output RS170 EIA NTSC or CCIR PAL composite video Physical Characteristics Weight 1 95kg 4 3 lbs including battery Size 69mm x 262mm x 162mm 2 75 x 10 5 x 6 5 camera only Tripod Mounting V 20 UNC Environmental Operating Temperature 10 C to 50 C 14 F to 122 F Storage Temperature 40 C to 0 C 40 F to 158 F Humidity 10 to 95 non condensing Shock 25G IEC 68 2 29 Vibration 3G IEC 68 2 6 Transit Drop MIL STD 810F Method 516 5 Procedure IV Encapsulation IP54 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual D 1 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual Appendix D
53. le It also assumes that there is no IR energy transmitted through the target from sources behind the target In order to correct for reflection of the ambient instrument background it requires an operator input called background temperature This setting allows the software to correct for the reflected component of the radiance It also requires an operator input called target emissivity This setting allows the software to correct the emitted component or the radiance for the effective emissivity of the target surface Simple procedures for using the IR FlexCam Pro to determine the correct settings for these operator inputs can be found in Appendix B IR Flexcam R2 User Manual A 7 Appendix B Appendix Determining Background Temperature and Emissivity B 1 Procedure for Determining Background Temperature Setting using an Aluminum Reflector The radiant energy due to the ambient temperature behind the instrument reflects off the target surface and unless the target is a blackbody emitter this energy contributes to the exitance reaching the instrument and may result in an error in temperature measurement The background temperature setting allows the software on board the IR FlexCam R2 to correct the temperature reading at the cursor for the reflected component The following procedure is one method of determining what the background temperature setting should be 1 Set target emissivity to 1 00 2 Crush a large sheet of al
54. n leaving the center point level unchanged Once the change is made to your satisfaction click on the highlighted temperature to close the mouse action or press and quickly release the Freeze Frame button This feature allows the professional camera operator to adjust span and level on the fly while panning targets of special interest creating high contrast in the temperature ranges of those targets The second method of setting a fixed temperature span is via the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by Image Settings pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette Iso 2 Click on Image Settings in the Bue Red suene Menu window Automatic Adjustment Click on Palette tab in the Image Settings window Palette Range Make sure the Automatic 86 0F cente 68 0F Adjustment button in the Palette Min SOOF a 36 0F tab is unchecked Set the fixed temperatures by either of two ways Adjustment Interval a Set the maximum and minimum temperature in the Palette Range box of the Palette tab or b Set the center point temperature and span width in the Palette Range box of the Palette tab IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 37 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 6 Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Note Fixed temperature span widths can not be set less than 5C or 9F
55. n page 21 Saved images that have been changed and not resaved will have an asterisk attached to their name while the image is showing on the display The asterisk is used to warn the camera operator that the image settings have been changed and that they will be lost if the image is not resaved 5 1 Adjusting Image Enhancement Image enhancement is a feature that can reduce the electronic noise in an image by averaging consecutive frames This enhancement applies to real time images and images saved from real time while the feature is on It can not be applied to images after they are saved The amount of Image Enhancement can be adjusted according to user preference The available settings are Off Normal Medium and High The image quality will improve with each increase in image enhancement however the image response time will be reduced accordingly Higher settings are more likely to show blurring on moving targets Image enhancement can be adjusted two ways If one of the programmable buttons is activated to Image Enhancement press the Image Enhancement button item 8 and 9 on page 2 to cycle through the four settings With the menu system IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 31 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Open the menu popup window by pene ribs pressing the Menu button Display Emissivity Palette Iso PIC 2 Click on Image Settings in the center Point Menu window Temperature Scale Center
56. n an image is accomplished by pressing the Scale Button item16 on page 2 This can be exercised at any time in any one of the three image modes The scaling is then fixed to the temperatures in that image at the time re scaling occurs If the image temperatures change again and the camera is not in Auto Scale mode the button must be pressed again if the palette is to remain scaled to the maximum and minimum temperatures in the image Setting the scaling to an arbitrary fixed temperature span can be accomplished two ways If the palette temperature scale is showing on the display the easiest method is to change the maximum minimum or center point temperature values of the color palette 1 Highlight any one of the three palette temperature values to begin a change 2 If the palette range minimum or maximum temperature is highlighted using the up down mouse action will change the highlighted temperature and thus the palette range span The center point level temperature will also change accordingly F2 33 0 98 68 0 06 23 03 22 17 IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 36 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 3 If the center point level temperature is highlighted using the up down mouse action will move the center point level up or down keeping the range span constant 4 When the center point level temperature is highlighted using the left right mouse action will change the palette range spa
57. nductive Heat Flow per Unit Area Q A k AD L gt Conduction THERMAL gt BOUNDARY o ILAYER Ts 5 Temperature AT Ts Too of heated o Too surface _ Free fluid oS temperature Lu Q gt lt Convective Heat Flow al 9 Q A h AT Convection I J Tt 5 2 REFLECTED RADIATION CWr EMITTED RADIATION We TRANSMITTED RADIATION Wt gt TARGET SURFACE Radiative Heat Flow We Wr Wt Target Exitance or Radiosity Radiation IR FlexCam R2 User Manual A 2 Appendix A A 3 Convective Heat Transfer Convective heat flow takes place in a moving medium and is almost always associated with transfer between a solid and a moving fluid such as air Free convection takes place when the temperature differences necessary for heat transfer produce density changes in the fluid and the warmer fluid rises as a result of increased buoyancy Forced convection takes place when an external driving force such as a cooling fan moves the fluid An illustration of convective heat transfer is what happens at the interface between the surface of a heat exchanger and air moved by an exhaust fan The thermal energy stored in the heat exchanger is convected into the surrounding air warming the air and cooling the surface of the heat exchanger Figure A 1 center demonstrates the forced convective heat transfer between a flat heated plate and a moving fluid In convective heat flow
58. ness or coldness of an object is measurable by a number of means and is defined by temperature scales Temperature in turn determines the direction of net heat flow between two objects There are three 3 modes of heat transfer conduction convection and radiation All heat is transferred by means of one or another of these three modes usually by two or three modes in combination Of these three modes infrared thermography is most closely associated with radiative heat transfer but it is essential to understand all three in order to comprehend the significance of IR thermograms Temperature is expressed in either absolute or relative terms There are two absolute scales called Rankin English system and Kelvin metric system There are two corresponding relative scales called Fahrenheit English system and Celsius or centigrade metric system Absolute zero is the temperature at which no molecular action takes place This is expressed as zero Kelvin or zero Rankin 0 or 0 Relative temperature is expressed as degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit C or F The numerical relationships among the four scales are as follows Tcelsius 9 9 T Fahrenheit 32 T Fahrenheit 9 5 32 TRankine Fahrenheit 459 7 Tkelvin celsius 273 16 Absolute zero is equal to 273 1 C and also equal to 459 7 F To convert change in temperature or delta T AT between the English and metric systems
59. nner similar to light While conductive and convective heat transferred between points is linearly proportional to the temperature difference between them the energy radiated from IR FlexCam R2 User Manual A 3 Appendix A a surface is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature The radiant thermal energy transferred between two surfaces is proportional to the third power of the temperature difference between the surfaces An illustration of radiative heat transfer is what happens when a power resistor is mounted adjacent to a diode on a circuit card Much of the thermal energy resulting from the I R loss in the resistor radiates from the surface of the resistor and some of it is absorbed by the surface of the diode warming the diode and cooling the resistor Thermal infrared radiation leaving a surface is called radiant exitance or radiosity It can be emitted from the surface reflected off the surface or transmitted through the surface as illustrated in Figure A 1 bottom The total exitance is equal to the sum of the emitted component We the reflected component Wr and the transmitted component Wt The surface temperature however is related only to We the emitted component The measurement of thermal infrared radiation is the basis for noncontact temperature measurement and infrared IR thermography The location of the infrared region in the electromagnetic spectrum is illustrated in Figure A 2
60. nu system 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 34 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 2 Click on Image Settings in the Image Settings 3 Menu window Display Emissivity Palette PIC Click on Palette tab in Image Blue Red Palette Settings window Grayscale Grayscale Inverted Automatic Adjustment Select and click on the desired palette from the list in the Palette pull down menu on the Palette tab o Click OK in the Image Settings Amber Inverted width 36 0F 4 gt window or press and quickly mum release Freeze Frame button Adjustment Interval The factory palette setting is Blue Red 5 6 Scaling the Color Palette Temperatures ocaling of the color palette to image temperatures can be divided into three categories a Auto scaling where the palette temperatures are updates to the maximum and b N minimum temperatures in the image at a regular time interval If the center box feature is on the image auto scaling is done based on the temperatures in the box and not on the whole image This feature allows the camera operator to eliminate an area in the image that is very hot or very cold but of little interest The time between successive auto scaling is adjustable For some operators if the target temperatures are changing fairly rapidly fast auto scaling can be disconcerting And for others if the time between auto sc
61. o put the camera back into the Live Image mode or b a previously saved image is retrieved form the memory card and displayed on the camera display When leaving the Paused Image mode the captured frame will be lost unless it is saved as described in the next paragraph 4 4 below If a paused image is on the display when a saved image is being retrieved from memory a popup window will appear asking if you want to save the paused image giving you a second chance not lose the image 4 4 Saving an Image Images can be saved two ways The easiest way is to press the Freeze Fame button down for 1 2 second Images from any one of the three image modes Live Image Paused Image or Saved Image will be saved to the memory card In the Live Image mode the image is saved to the memory card as well as frozen on the display In the Paused Image mode the Paused Image is saved to the memory card And in the Saved Image mode the saved image is re saved to the memory card When a saved image is modified and re saved a popup window appears providing the operator two choices 1 Save the image as a new image with the same name as the original image only with an extra letter a b c etc added to the name Or 2 replace the original saved image with the modified image IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 22 Chapter 4 Camera Operation The second method via the menu system can also be exercised from any one of the three image modes 1 Open the menu popup window
62. ower button The camera will go into a Standby mode and the power button will flash Press the power button again to turn the display back on and the camera will return to whatever Image or menu mode it was in when it was put in standby To turn the camera off press and hold the Power button down for 1 5 seconds Any paused unsaved image on the display will be lost If the camera is in Standby mode it must first be returned to one of the Image or menu modes before it can be turned off 4 2 Focusing the Camera The IR FlexCam Pro uses manual focus While holding the camera with both hands and observing the live image on the display rotate the lens focus ring with your right hand index finger as shown below Rotate the lens until the image IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 21 Chapter 4 Camera Operation appears sharpest Only slight movement will typically be required to optimize focus You may find it helpful to electronically zoom in the image see paragraph 5 10 on page 40 and focus on the enlarged area 4 3 Causing a Live Image to Pause without Saving the Image To capture and display a single frame Pause Image mode while in the Live Image mode press and immediately release the Freeze Frame button item 2 on page 1 The current Live Image frame is frozen on the display and the word Paused will appear in the upper left corner of the display This frame will remain on the display until a the Freeze Frame button is pressed again t
63. phically in green Click on the battery icon with the mouse to obtain an estimate of the remaining camera run time available with the charge of the installed battery 3 3 Using AC Auxiliary Power A universal switching power supply is supplied with the IR FlexCam R2 to enable powering the camera from an AC source IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 9 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 1 Connect the universal switching power supply to an AC wall outlet with the line cord An adapter for the wall outlet may be needed in some non USA countries This universal AC to DC power supply converts 100 to 240 AC volt 60 or 50 Hertz input to 9 volt DC output 2 Loosen and rotate the rubber cover for the power port item 12 on page 2 out of the way Attach the 9 DC volt power plug to the camera power port Caution The cable plug uses an outer sliding latch to strongly secure the plug Pull the latch back before attaching or removing the plug When AC powers the camera an AC symbol will replace the battery icon in the far right panel of the task bar 3 4 Installing and Removing the Memory Card The IR FlexCam R2 camera is supplied with a removable CompactFlash memory card This card will hold several hundred images and is reusable 1 Loosen and rotate the rubber cover for the memory card slot item 4 on page 1 out of the way Insert the CompactFlash card into the camera memory card slot The card front label should face toward the back of
64. rs Inspect components for damage If damage is noted please notify the freight carrier and Infrared Solutions Customer Service immediately telephone 866 260 6237 Operating Manual amp Literature ji F L Batteries Neck Strap Memorv Card USB Adapter FlexView Software Caution Care should be taken in handling the IR FlexCam Pro camera Although the radiometer is a rugged instrument it should be handled like any sophisticated camera equipment The lens is made of Germanium a material transparent to infrared radiation It is coated with a multilayer antireflection coating for the 8 to 12 um wavelength range It should be treated with care To clean the lens use lukewarm water and mild detergent Ivory Liquid or Liqui Nox and a soft cotton material Rinse with clean lukewarm water and dry lightly with soft clean cotton If wiping streaks remain use reagent grade Acetone or reagent grade Methanol Alcohol Soak corner of clean soft cotton with acetone or alcohol and wipe gently Germanium lenses and windows may also be cleaned using reading glasses cleaning tissues Rub lightly with the cleaning tissues to avoid damage to the optical coating IR Flexcam R2 User Manual iv Quick Start 1 Charge battery see procedure in paragraph 3 1 on page 8 2 Install charged battery in camera see procedure in paragraph 3 2 on page 9 3 Install memory card in camera see procedure in paragraph 3 4 on pa
65. ry displaying circle in front of each item will permit one or no item to be selected at a time A category displaying a box in front of each item will permit any number of items to be selected at a time including no item Starting the annotation procedure can be done three ways a By assigning the annotation function to a programmable button See paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program a button b by selecting the annotation function in the menu popup window or c by selecting the function to always start when saving a new image IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 45 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation To select annotations and add them to the file of a saved image using a programmable buttons See paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program a button 1 Retrieve a previously saved image Select category to edit or save a new image to the display 4rea Basement 2 Press the Annotation button item 8 or 9 on page 2 to open the annotation window Descriptiqn Baseboard 3 Click on the first relevant category Problem Moisture 4 Check relevant items in that Severity category Recommendation 5 Click OK in the Annotation window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 6 Click on next relevant category 7 Check relevant items in the new category 8 Click OK in the Annotation window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 9 Etc until all relevant items are check
66. settings 4 7 4 2 Menus While in PIC mode the only menu option available will be Stop Sequence 4 7 4 3 Auto annotation Wizard The annotation wizard will not auto start for PIC images and will not be available from the menu 4 7 4 4 Programmable Function Buttons All programmable Function button options will be selectable in the PIC mode but some will not be active Function buttons dealing with property page settings and the thumbnail browser will not be active Function buttons which do not bring up windows such as zoom brightness image enhancement etc will continue to work normally 4 8 Internal Recalibration The IR FlexCam R2 has an internal calibration feature where it automatically adjusts the camera electronics to produce uniformity in the infrared detector array to maintain a high quality image When the camera senses a significant change in the temperature of the camera electronics and or detector array or when it has seen a very high temperature target it automatically exercises this function A shutter closes and the individual detector offsets and readout electronics are adjusted This takes two to three seconds During an internal calibration a weak double click will be heard in the camera and a popup window showing the word Calibrating will appear in the image on the display During this process the image is frozen The camera operator has the option of forcing an internal calibration to occur immediately by pre
67. sing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Save 2 Click on Camera Settings in the Temperature Unit qr Menu window Language English US Click Locale tab in the Image video Signal C PAL NTSC settings window g Decimal Symbol Period Comma Check the desired temperature Date C units button on the Locale tab RD l i Time HH mm Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button The factory setting for temperature units is Fahrenheit F 3 8 Setting Date and Time The IR FlexCam R2 has an internal calendar and clock The calendar is used in naming saved images see paragraph 5 11 on page 41 The clock is used to record the time of day when a saved image is acquired Both the date and time are recorded in the image file and are accessed with the SmartView software program The Calendar tab used to set the date and time can be accessed via the menu system or by clicking on the date or time in the Task bar panel 4 and 5 from the left respectively To adjust the calendar and clock via the menu system ER August 27004 15 M T WTF a 177 a a T i AU al 1 7 20 m 123456 2 Click on Camera Setting in the a 1D 11 12 13 Menu window 17 18 19 20 27 Click on Calendar tab of the 1 A Camera Setting window 8 25 04 Click on the Date button in the Calendar tab an
68. sivity of a Material Sample Using the Reference Emitter Method IR Flexcam R2 User Manual B 2 Appendix C Appendix Emmisivity Values Tables of Normal Emissivity 8 14um Region Temperature Emissivity Temperature 0 01 0 02 Chromium polished o Clay fired Copper polished annealed Copper commercial burnished Aluminum strongly oxidized Copper oxidized Copper oxidized to blac Enamel Brass dull tarnished Formica Brass polished Frozen soil Brick common Glass Brick glazed rough Brick refractory rough Bronze porous rough Glass frosted Gold polished Ice Bronze polished lron hot rolled Carbon purified lron oxidized lron sheet galvanized burnished lron sheet galvanized oxidized Cast iron rough casting Cast ron polished Cement lron Shiny etched Charcoal powdered lron wrought polished IR FlexCam R2 User Manual C 1 Appendix C Temperature Emissivity Temperature Emissivity Material 2G C 0 97 Lacquer black dull 0 Shellac black shiny 0 0 82 o m 0 60 Steel oxidized 0 strongly Oa el Sa Steel rusty red 0 0 69 Mu TT mum m mmm pm o 0 98 0 0 0 9 9 0 9 shiny Lampblack 0 0 96 Lead red 0 0 93 powdered Paint oil average 0 0 94 Water 0 Paper black dull mnm Pla
69. ssing a programmed calibration button See paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for instructions on how to program one of the programmable buttons to exercise the internal calibration IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 30 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation Chapter 5 Image Interpretation Image settings such as color palette scaling temperature units pixel temperature markings emissivity and the like can be changed to show different information about an image Changes can be made to these settings while the camera is in any of the three image modes Setting changes made with the camera in the Live Image mode or Paused Image mode will apply to images in those modes and to any image saved from those modes as long as the camera remains on When the camera is turned off any setting changes not saved to the memory card will be lost See paragraph 3 13 on page 17 on how to save setting changes to the memory card Changes made while the camera is in the Saved Image mode will apply only to that specific image Once the camera mode is returned to Live Image mode or Paused Image mode the settings in place when the camera was last in either of those modes will again apply If a new saved image is retrieved from the memory card the settings of the new retrieved image and any changes to it will apply to that image only Once an image has been modified from its previous saved state it can be re saved replacing the previous image or saved as a new image see paragraph 4 4 o
70. ter point hottest spot and or coldest spot removes the temperature digits and the crosshair marking the spot Unchecking the mouse temperature removes the temperature digits only and not the mouse pointer itself The hottest temperature average temperature and coldest temperature in the center box are used to describe the center box The center box dimensions are 50 pixels by 50 pixels or a little more than 1 8 of the full image area Unchecking the center box removes the box temperature names and temperature digits The factory setting has center point temperature and mouse temperature in image but the hottest point coldest points and center box turned off The calibration range of 20C to 100C 4F to 212F is extended with approximate values by 10C 18F Temperature values measured to be from 20C to 30C 4F to 22F and from 100C to 110C 212F to 230F will show an approximate sign in front of the temperature digits to indicate that the temperature reading is outside the calibration range and that the accuracy may not be within the specified accuracy of the camera Values below 30C 22C will be presented as 30C 22F and values greater than 110C 230F will appear as gt 110C 230F 5 5 Color Palettes The palette colors can be changed two ways The easiest way is to move the mouse pointer to a position over the color palette and click until the image is displayed in the desired colors The second way is via the me
71. the camera and the little red arrow should point down into the camera body Push the card firmly into place to ensure good electrical connection Do not use excessive force Try turning the card around if it does not press into place easily Close the cover IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 10 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 2 To remove the memory card open the cover Press the ejection button down firmly to eject the card Grab the card and pull it from the card slot Close the cover 3 5 Display Brightness The IR FlexCam R2 display has three levels of brightness The display can be toggled through the three levels of brightness two ways a Changing the display brightness through the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Settings in the Menu window Display Brightness Normal Click on Power tab in the Camera High Brightness Timeout Settings window Standby Timeout Select and click on the desired Standby To Off Timeout 2 min brightness Dim Normal or Bright in the Display Brightness pull down menu wideo Output Enabled Click OK in the Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button b Adjust display brightness with one of the programmable buttons see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program a button You can cycle through the thre
72. thout a memory card or with a memory card that has no stored setting the camera will load the factory settings that are stored in nonvolatile memory These factory settings are permanent and cannot be changed except at the factory After the settings are loaded into the camera operating memory they can be changed by exercising anyone or all of the various setting functions discussed throughout this manual The camera uses these new settings as long as the camera remains on These changes are temporary and are not automatically added to the memory card for later use A deliberate action in the menu system Save Settings to Compact Flash must be taken to add changes to the setting stored on the memory card If the camera is turned off before exercising the button Save Settings to Compact Flash the changes will be lost If the camera settings have been changed and you want to revert back to the settings that are on the memory card you can reload them two ways 1 You can turn the camera off and back on which will load the settings stored on the card And 2 without turning the camera off you can load the settings on the card into the camera by exercising the menu function Load Settings from Compact Flash You can also load settings from a different card than the start up card by replacing the start up card with the alternate card and exercising the menu function Load Settings from Compact Flash To save current camera setting changes
73. tile memory and clock For factory use only do not open 1 4 Display Nomenclature In addition to the thermal image itself each image can display a number of data items either individually or in combination Below is a display with all the image nomenclature identified Please note that the user has control over which nomenclature is displayed as described throughout this manual IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 3 Chapter 1 Camera Interfaces and Controls 14 15 FIG F2 0 95 68 0 09 14 04 13 47 49 ooa d sh V Center Box Center 50 by 50 pixel box and the maximum average and its and minimum temperatures in the box Temperatures Programmable Icons for the two programmable buttons F1 and F2 and Buttons icons location to click for changing the buttons function Used by camera to calculate target temperatures and location to click for changing the emissivity value 6 Time Current 24 hour time and location to click for changing time f Temperature Used to display camera temperature units and location to Units click for changing the temperature units Color Palette Palette used in current displayed image and location to click for cycling through the different color palettes Power Source Icon indicating AC power or battery level and location to click to identify remaining time left with current b
74. tinum polished Porcelain glazed mnm m me IR Flexcam R2 User Manual C 2 0 5 5 1 6 2 3 2 Appendix D Appendix D Technical Specifications IR FlexCam R2 Portable Infrared System Specification Imaging Performance Detector Focal Plane Array FPA Uncooled Microbolometer Spectral Band 8um to 14um Thermal Sensitivity 30Hz lt 0 070 C at 30 C Focusing Manual Electronic Zoom 2X Digital Image Enhancement Automatic Full time Enhanced Display and Image Storage Digital Display 5 inch high resolution 320 x 240 sunlight readable color LCD On screen Indicators Indicate status of battery target emissivity background temperature date and real time clock Palettes Up to eight unique palettes available Storage Medium Compact Flash Card Camera File Formats IS2 file format 14 bit measurement data included Text Annotation of Images User definable automatically included in reports Temperature Measurement Calibrated Range 20 C to 100 C 4 F to 212 F Accuracy 42 C or 2 Measurement Modes Center point center box area min max average movable spot automatic hot and cold point detection isotherm color alarm above and below Emissivity Correction Based on user input Variable from 0 1 to 1 0 Measurement Corrections Automatic based on user input for ambient temperature and optics Standard Optics 20mm f 0 8 Germanium Field of view 23 Horizontal x 17 Vertical Spatial Resolut
75. tion window To set the number of images to the maximum number that can be added to the installed memory card by Open the menu popup window by pressing the menu button Click on Image Settings in the menu window 0 Files on Compact Flash Card Click on PIC tab in the Image Space for 310 More Files Settings window Click on Check Space button Save all images after trigger IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 28 Chapter 4 Camera Operation 5 Click on Save to Max Images button only if you want the max value to apply to your PIC configuration Click OK in the Image Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button 4 7 4 Starting and Stopping a PIC Sequence PIC sequences can be started and stopped two ways 1 A programmable button can be assigned the start stop function see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 and 2 the menu popup window has a line item Start Sequence and Stop Sequence that starts and stops the PIC function Starting and Stopping a PIC sequence using a programmable button by 0 waiting 46 0 Click on one of the programmable buttons see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 Select and click on the Start Sequence icon Hr Press the selected programmable button to begin the sequence If desired press the selected programmable button again to stop e the sequence before completion 0 95 68 0 07 21 04 11 01 Press the selected
76. to the memory card 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button 2 Click on Camera Setting in the 3 Click on Save tab of the Camera Setting window Load Settings from Compact Flash 4 Click on Save Settings to Compact Flash button in the Save tab Restore Factory Settings 5 Click on OK in Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button To reload camera settings from the start up memory card or to load camera settings from a different card without turning the camera off IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 18 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Setting in the Menu window Save Settings ta Compact Flash 3 Click on Save tab of the Camera oetting window Load Settings from cones Flash 4 Click on Load Settings from Compact Flash button in the Save tab Click on OK in Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button To load factory settings start the camera without a memory card or if the camera is already on and must remain on use the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by SAMEA Serene pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Files Locale Mouse Save 2 Click on Camera Setting in the Menu window Save Settings ta Compact Flash 3 Click on Save tab of the Camera oe
77. ton eg i IR2D030610 0003 1620030610 0002 IRZ0030610 0001 2 Click on Browse Images in the select page with the desired Image IRZ0030607 0000 1820030506 2409 1 20030606 2406 by scrolling through the pages with the right left arrows in the Task bar nine pu Double click on image or highlight it and click on the Open button in the Task bar IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 23 Chapter 4 Camera Operation b With one of the programmable buttons assigned to Browse images see paragraph 3 9 on page 14 for details on how to program buttons 1 Press the programmable Browse Images button oee Browse Images window above 2 Select page with the desired image by scrolling through the pages with the right left arrows in the Task bar 3 Double click on image or highlight it and click on the Open button in the Task bar Note With this second technique you can close the open image and return directly back to the thumbnail images by pressing the Browse Images programmable button 4 6 Deleting Saved Images oaved images on a memory card can be seen on the camera display as thumbnail images in pages of nine at a time Any one of the thumbnails can be deleted two ways Also all images can be deleted at once a Delete a single image via the menu system 1 Open the menu popup window by pressing the menu button N T IR20030610_0001 2 Click on Browse Images in the menu window pt 3 Select page with t
78. tting window Load Settings from Compact Flash 4 Click on Restore Factory Settings button in the Save tab 5 Click on OK in Camera Settings window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button Restore Lati a 3 14 Video Output The IR FlexCam R2 can output video of the live paused or saved images via the video port item 3 on page 1 This video can be displayed on a TV video projector or video display It can also be recorded on a video recorder The output can be set to NTSC American TV PAL European TV or turned OFF via the menu system With the video output turned OFF the camera will use less power saving battery charge Note If a modern projector display or TV is used that can display in either NTSC or PAL use the PAL setting NTSC projections cut off the top and bottom few lines losing valuable display data such as the Task bar PAL does not To turn on NTSC or PAL video output IR Flexcam R2 User Manual 19 Chapter 3 Camera Preparation Open the menu popup window by pressing the Menu button Calendar Lens Power Locale Click on Camera Settings in the Temperature Unit F Mec O k Menu window Language English US Click on Locale tab the Camera Video Signal PAL NTsc oettings window Decimal Symbol Period 7 Comma Check the NTSC or PAL button in aue the Locale tab c LEE E Time HH mm Then select the Power tab and che
79. uminum foil about 1ft square and then spread it back into a sheet so that it simulates a diffuse reflector 3 Place the reflector between the IR FlexCam R2 and the planned target and allow the reflector to come to thermal equilibrium Check to be certain that no point sources including the operator s body are in the image 4 Place the cursor in the center of the image and read the apparent temperature Repeat for two other points away from the center of the image Average the three readings 5 Set the average of the three readings as the value for background temperature B 2 Procedure for Measuring the Effective Emissivity of an Unknown Emitter Using the IR FlexCam Pro Camera The effective emissivity is the value necessary to enter into the target emissivity parameter in order for the software on board the IR FlexCam R2 to correct the temperature reading at the cursor Setting the correct effective emissivity is critical in making temperature measurements The table of normal emissivities provided in Appendix C can be used as a guide When high measurement accuracy is important it may be better to determine the effective emissivity of the surface directly using the camera under similar operating conditions This is because emissivity can vary with temperature surface characteristics and measurement spectral band and may even vary among samples of the same material One method known as the reference emitter method can be used to det
80. window presents data describing the camera used to capture the image currently shown on the display of the current camera The image although shown on the current camera may have been taken with a different camera The Camera Info window has two tabs Info and Battery The Info tab lists the camera serial number software versions lens description number of image files on the memory card and the used and free space on the memory The second tab entitled Battery shows the power source battery or AC remaining battery charge battery manufacturer serial number and number of discharge cycles Acquire the Camera Info data by IR FlexCam R2 User Manual 42 Chapter 5 Image Interpretation 1 Open the menu popup window by rrr OK pressing the Menu button Info Battery 4 oe Serial number FLAP O3 06 010 2 Click on Camera Info in the Menu Hardware Revision 412 21 40 42 41 10 01 window OCA Version Information 3 Click on the Info or Battery tab in Revision date Aug 24 2004 Revision time 11 18 27 the Camera Info window OCA Version 1 5 1 2 4 Click OK in the Camera Info window or press and quickly release Freeze Frame button to close the window The Info tab of the Image Settings window presents the name of the camera manufacturer camera model number lens focal length and f number lens model and serial number camera calibration date and capture date and time for the image showing on th

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