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CalWin User`s Guide

1. Connecting using Raven You can use Calwin to graph Hawk 9000 data in real time Data from all channels will appear on the graph There are two view modes simple graph and deadweight mode Deadweight mode displays two numerical measurements in a window that can be resized on your computer screen to enable you to see the data at a distance To view real time Hawk 9000 data in graph format 1 Connect your computer to Hawk 9000 using Raven as described in Real Time Monitoring Hawk 9000 with Raven on page 153 2 On the Presentation menu point to Real time and click Real time plot The data collected by Hawk 9000 appears in graph form 154 Real Time Sample Acknowledge Alarm Clear Alarm Pause Graph Update Time 13 34 09 Graph 1 23 02 23 02 e 23 01 0 000 0 002 0 004 0 006 0 008 0 010 0 012 0 014 0 016 Graph 2 3676 20 5498 15 3676 38 J 5498 23 1 5498 20 3676 30 Alarm3 5498 25 Alarm4 5498 30 3676 40 5498 35 3676 50 ot 598 20 0 0000 0020 0040 0060 0080 0100 0120 0140 016 Save To File Graph 1 Graph 2 StartTime Time to Zero Unzoom Unzoom Reset Set Start Viewing Real Time Data 3 To close the graph click Done To view real time Hawk 9000 data in deadweight mode 1 Connect your computer to Hawk 9000 using Raven as described in Real Time Monitoring Hawk 9000 with Raven on page 153 2
2. The following table is used to access a record stored in flash memory in the Hawk 9000 If you want to poll in real time the most current value use this table See Modbus Holding Register List 03 amp 16 on page 178 to learn how to find a record stored in the Hawk 9000 Hawk 9000 Real Time Input Registers Registe Name Format Description r hex 1000 RTU Time Stamp 32 Bit Time in seconds since Jan 1 0x64 1990 00 00 Registe Name Format Description r hex 1002 Pressure_Sensor2 IEEE 0 kPa gt 0 psi 0x66 Float 1004 Temperature_Sensor2 IEEE 0 Absolute gt 0 Gauge 0x67 Float 1006 Pressure_Sensor1 IEEE 0 Celsius gt 0 Fahrenheit 0x68 Float 1008 Temperature_Sensorl IEEE 0 kPa gt 0 inH20 0x69 Float 1010 Pressure420ma IEEE 0x6A Float 1012 Temperature External IEEE 0 103m3 gt 0 mcf 0x6B RTD Float 1014 Gas Accumulation SCF IEEE Return 0 0x6C Float 1016 Turbinel_Accum 32 Bit Return 0 0x6D 1018 Turbine2_Accum 32 Bit Units set by register 102 and 103 0x6E 1020 Turbine3_Accum 32 Bit Units set by register 104 0x70 1022 TempertureExRTD2 IEEE Units set by register 102 and 103 0x72 Float 1024 TempertureExRTD3 IEEE Units set by register 104 0x74 Float 1026 Future1 IEEE Units set by register 104 0x76 Float 177 178 Registe Name Format Descr
3. PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Multirate 3 In the Sample Rates boxes that appear type or select a sample rate 4 In the Duration boxes type or select the length of time that you want to sample Ensure that the duration is longer than the sample rate 46 5 To set another sample rate repeat steps 2to 4 Continue until you have entered all of your sample rates If there is time left over in the test duration after entering the program the rate will default to a 30 second sample rate for the remainder of the test duration 6 To remove a sample rate clear the check box 7 After you are satisfied with the program you have set up click Program Tool The program details appear To exit this screen and return to the Calwin Main Screen without programming the gauge click Exit PROGRAM RATES Recorder 9725 Date and Time Programmed 12 08 2004 13 33 45 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DDD HH MM SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 10 000 01 00 00 360 00 01 00 030 00 00 00 43200 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 227 08 44 00 654808 Programmed Duration 030 01 01 00 Total Duration Including Overrun 257 09 45 00 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Tool has been programmed in NORMAL TEMPERATURE mode AMP HOURS required for programmed duration 0 145 AH AMP HOURS required for Total duration including overrun 1 516 AH Mulitrate Finish Saving a Program to Disk If you run the same test regularly you can re use a previ
4. ccceeeee eee e eect ee ea eee 120 Plugging the Battery into the Downhole Tool ceeeeeees 122 Setting Up Surface Read Out zzusssseesennennenen nennen nennen 123 Programming Fixed Rate for SRO cccceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 123 Downloading and Viewing Data 22 sesansnenen nenne nennen nenn 125 Creating Simple Graphs c cece eee eee eee nenn anne 127 Viewing Data in Table View 2ussssensennennnnennen nenn nn 128 Downhole Gauge Maintenance ccce cece eect ee nennen anne nen 129 Replacing Downhole Tool O Rings cceeeeeeee eee eeeees 129 Downhole Gauge Operational Precautions cecceeeeeeeeeeeaes 132 Preventing Mechanical SHOCK ccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneaes 132 Protecting the Transducer ccccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenas 132 Standard Hawk 9000 Setup csccsseeeeeseeeesesseeeeees LOD Extended Buildup Test 2z4us4san eee ee eens neste nennen nenne nnn nenn 136 Hydrostatic Test and ine toutes 138 FIOW ProVving s es cacti anda nahn eae ln cet be 142 Production Testing iia se Leelee eae eed 147 Starting the Hawk 9000 Surface BOX cccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeas 152 Remote Communication ussesseessennnennennnennenennnne nennen nennen 152 Real Time Monitoring Hawk 9000 with Raven 153 Viewing Real Time Hawk 9000 Data cccceeeeeeeeeeees 154 Working with Multiple Hawk 9
5. Maximum Input Voltage Vmax 30 V Maximum Input Current Imax 100 mA Maximum Input Power Pmax 770 mW Maximum Internal Capacitance Ci 0 uF Maximum Internal Inductance Li 0 uH e Associated apparatus UL certified barriers Maximum output voltage Voc 30 V Maximum output current Isc 100 mA Maximum output Voltage Pmax 770 mW e Fntity Installation Requirements Vmax Voc or Vt Imax Isc or It Pmax IS Apparatus Pmax Barrier Ca Ci Ccable La Li Leable Installation of Hawk 9000 for UL e Barriers must be installed in an enclosure that meets the requirements of ANSVISA 582 01 e Control equipment connected to a barrier must not use or generate more than 250 VACRMS or V DC e Installation should be in accordance with ANSVISA RP12 6 Installation of Intrinsically Safe Systems for Hazardous Classified Locations and the National Electric Code ANSI NFPA 70 e Follow associated apparatus manufacturers installation drawings when installing this apparatus Maintenance of Permanent Hawk 9000 Modifying the instrument or replacing parts by other than authorized representatives of Cal Scan is prohibited and will void UL Intrinsically Safe Certification 181 182 Internal Wire Hookups of Hawk 9000 lype A Install Intinsica ly Ste Fezmouslocaton gt Nomazamous locaton T
6. Housing Length 1 25 Inch Recorder 30 inches standard battery pack 34 inches extended battery pack Transducer Type Quartz Communications RS 232 via Communication Box Software Windows 95 98 2000 XP About Hawk 9000 Surface Box Hawk 9000 is a low powered dependable surface box that can monitor two pressure inputs external temperature through an RTD and differential pressure using a 4 20ma input The sensors allow you to monitor oil and gas well buildups perform flow line analysis with the optional external RTD or differential pressure sensor as well as monitor general pressure and temperature The onboard LCD display allows the operator to view the pressure and temperature on both pressure sensors and the temperature on the external RTD The Hawk 9000 performs well even under extreme environmental conditions Field tests have shown that the data quality on the Hawk 9000 is superior to other surface box units available on the market We use our Calwin software package and a USB amp Serial Interface Box to program and download data from all of our tools Hawk 9000 Features e Password Protection e Generic 4 20ma input allows you to use any 4 20ma sensor e Pressure ranges are from 750 psi to 15 000 psi e Calibrated temperatures from 40 to 80 C e Double the memory available e SD multimedia card input for downloading data in an explosive environment The Hawk 9000 can record data at
7. 103 Pressure Mode 16 Bit 0 Absolute gt 0 Gauge 0x67 104 Temperature Units 16 Bit 0 Celsius gt 0 Fahrenheit 0x68 105 Differential Pressure 16 Bit 0 kPa gt 0 inH20 0x69 173 174 Registe Name Format Description r hex 106 Liquid Turbine Rate 16 Bit 0x6A Units 107 Gas Volume Units 16 Bit 0 103m3 1 mscf 2 scf gt 0 mcf 0x6B 108 reserved Return 0 0x6C 109 reserved Return 0 0x6D 110 Channel 1 Pressure IEEE Units set by register 102 and 103 0x6E Float 112 Channel 1 Temperature IEEE Units set by register 104 0x70 Float 114 Channel 2 Pressure TEEE Units set by register 102 and 103 0x72 Float 116 Channel 2 Temperature IEEE Units set by register 104 0x74 Float 118 Channel 3 External TEEE Units set by register 104 0x76 RTD1 Temperature Float 120 Channel 4 4 20 mA TEEE Units set by register 105 0x78 Input Differential Float Pressure 122 Channel 5 Turbine 1 IEEE Units set by register 106 If a gas turbine 0x7A Accumulated Volume Float this value is the accumulation in ACF of the last SAMPLE 124 Channel 5 Turbine IEEE Units set by register 106 IF a gas turbine 0x7C 1Current Flow Rate Float this value is the gas rate in ACF Day ofthe day last SAMPLE Registe Name Format Description r hex 126 Channel 6 Turbine 2 IEEE Units set by register 106 Ox7E Accumula
8. Int Temperature C Select Data for Output 4 Choose the file name and the location in which you want to save the ASCII file The default directory is C PRESSURE DATA SELECT LOCATION FOR ASCII GENERATION sven GR y SC re test asc y testdec15 asc ia testing asc My Computer Fie name z _Carcat_ My Network Saveastype ASC Files ASC Places Save ASCII 76 If you have set the ASCII Header to ON in the Configuration Screen a dialog box opens that asks you if you want to use all test header information in the ASCH file Type Y to use include all header information If you type N you will be asked to enter a Well Location for the test See Headers on page 61 Click OK Cancel Well Location 6 The message ASCII File Complete will appear To view the ASCII File use Windows Word or WordPad to open the file Exporting to Filtered ASCII ASCII files are typically 10 times as large as the original compensated file This makes it difficult to e mail or load into third party software You may want to filter ASCII files to reduce the number of samples that you export to limit the size of the ASCII file The Advanced ASCII option allows you to filter the samples in two ways Remove data points at specified intervals for example remove every second sample Export the data points within a specified time span only Remove data points that have not changed in v
9. e Space e Comma Tab Decimal Precision number of decimal places to include 79 Advanced ASCII Generator Appearance ASCII Output Format Date Format Delta Time y Joomuryyvy ASCII Header ASCII Delimination Decimal Precision Standard Header v space gt B 7 Set ASCII start time YY Y MM DD HH MM SS Point Filter C Simple Fitter Time Filter Start Output file at 0 0000 Hours End Output file at 0 0972 Hours Reset Delta Time Point Filter Select Data Channel for Fitering Pressure KPAG gt Keep every 2 nd sample unless there is a delta change of o KPAG Number of samples in ASCII Percentage of original size Calculate New Size Output ASCII Advanced ASCII 5 If the start time is incorrect select Set ASCII start time and type the correct start time in the box 6 To filter data in the Filter box click one of the following options e Simple Filter to remove samples at fixed intervals e Delta Filter to filter according to the change in value 7 To define the time period in the Start Output File and End Output File boxes type the delta time relative to start of the start and end of the time period You can also use the graph view to select the start and end times as described in Changing the Start or End Time on page 67 8 In the Keep every box type the number of samples you want to discard between samples you keep for example if you want to ensure
10. s downhole and surface gauge tools and your computer Also called the Dump Box or Interface Box USB cable A cable that connects Cal Scan s Interface Box surface gauge tools and your computer Wolverine Cal Scan s quartz strain downhole gauge that measures pressures and temperatures with unparalleled stability and resolution this gauge allows the operator to capture fast pressure pulses with a 1 10th of a second sample rate that other downhole recorders would miss 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 Index A AGA flow settings 90 ammonia 133 amp hours 114 119 approvals safety 104 ASCII 75 filtered 77 atmospheric pressure 108 B Badger 97 specifications 98 Badger Tri Tool 99 specifications 100 battery 162 battery testing 120 bombwell 133 C calibration 84 downloading 87 Cal Scan about 1 CalWin about 3 connecting 15 downhole gauge 15 Hawk9000 16 installing 6 menu 10 cleaning tools 129 com ports 94 configuration 92 D data encoding 169 data model 170 deadweight mode 154 diagnostics 83 differential plots 67 downhole extended test 108 programming 110 downhole gauge connecting 15 testing 108 downhole gradient 115 programming 115 downloading downhole gauges 51 dump 51 find end of memory 89 manually 88 downloading data 125 158 with MMC 161 with Raven 161 dump manual 88 Dump Box 3 E expected downhole temperature 110 e
11. s program 29 view data in table view 68 128 view hours on a tool 85 view real time Hawk 9000 data in deadweight mode 155 view real time Hawk 9000 data in graph format 154 view recorder parameters 83 view samples to terminal 86 zoom into an area on the graph 66 production testing 147 programming 19 fixed rate 19 44 mulitrate 22 45 saving to disk 27 47 viewing the program 28 programming Hawk 9000 31 Q quartz gauges 101 specifications 102 R Raven 152 real time monitoring 153 real time graphs 67 real time monitoring with Raven 153 recalculating redecoding or recompensating 57 recorder calibration downloading 87 recorder calibration inserting 84 recorder parameters 83 register list 173 remote communication 152 resetting serial numbers 84 restarting the Hawk 9000 surface box 48 retrieving data 125 RS 485 connecting Hawk 9000 167 S safety approvals 104 sample rate 110 sampling to terminal 86 saving a program to disk 27 47 screens 133 serial numbers resetting 84 setup 107 downhole extended test 108 110 downhole gradient 115 silicon strain gauges 97 specifications 98 specifications 105 Badger and Mole 98 Badger Tri Tool 100 Wolverine 102 splitting files 94 starting Hawk 9000 152 surface box programming fixed 44 multirate 45 setting up 31 T table view 68 128 termination 168 test duration 110 tool options 83 turbines 38 calibration files 41 U USB amp Serial Cable Interface
12. 1 fo y gt fo o x 43200 LENGTH OF TEST 30Days 1 Hours 0 Minutes 0 Seconds SAMPLES LEFT 273634 BATTERY USAGE 0 145 SAVE PROGRAM TO HARD DRIVE RETRIEVE PROGRAM FROM HARD DRIVE PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Multirate 10 11 In the Sample Rates boxes that appear type or select a sample rate In the Duration boxes type or select the length of time that you want to sample Ensure that the duration is longer than the sample rate To set another sample rate repeat steps 6 to 8 Continue until you have entered all of your sample rates If there is time left over in the test duration after entering the program the rate will default to a 30 second sample rate for the remainder of the test duration To remove a sample rate clear the check box After you are satisfied with the program you have set up click Program Tool The Erase Data warning appears again Type Y and click OK to proceed with programming The program details appear To exit this screen and return to the Calwin Main Screen without programming the gauge click Exit PROGRAM RATES Recorder 9725 Date and Time Programmed 12 08 2004 13 33 45 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DDD HH M4 SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 10 000 01 00 00 360 00 01 00 030 00 00 00 43200 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 227 08 44 00 654808 Programmed Duration 030 01 01 00 Total Duration Including Overrun 257 09 45 00 Number of
13. 1 From the Program menu click Program Tools Set up the surface box as described in Setting up Hawk 9000 on page 31 If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the gauge data ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUE Y or N Erase Data Warning 2 Type the sample rate and then click Program Tool Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE C SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 Bi SECONDS PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Program Rates 3 Do not unplug the gauge or shut off the Interface Box while the gauge is being programmed A message that shows the new program settings appears Once you see this message it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box PROGRAM RATES Recorder 9725 Date and Time Programmed 12 08 2004 13 18 29 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DDD HH MM SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 05 040 09 57 20 698368 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 000 00 00 00 Programmed Duration 040 09 58 20 Total Duration Including Overrun 040 09 58 20 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Tool has been programmed in NORMAL TEMPERATURE mode AMP HOURS required for expected duration of 30 Days 0 544 AH AMP HOURS required for Total duration including overrun 0 733 AH Fixed Rate Finish Programming Hawk 9000 Multirate Use the Multi
14. 47 AE 42 CE EEE Float 103 14 HH MH 42 CE LL AE High to Low byte 0x42CE47AE The byte order in a Modbus float is ML LL HH MH 172 Modbus Register List 04 SB v3 16 These addresses are not offset either internally or externally to the device Most Modbus drivers will subtract one from or add 3000 or 30 000 3001 or 30 001 to the address provided by the operator These drivers will remove these extra operations when preparing the RTU packet The operator must ensure that the outgoing packets address are exactly as shown All the registers are accessed using the Modbus Query 04 Read Input Registers or the Modbus Query The following tables show all the real time registers available and the registers used to access any record stored in the Hawk 9000 It is used in conjunction with the holding register 100 The maximum size of Modbus packet is 100 registers 200 bytes Note Any register that holds yesterday s values will have a value of 0 0 until the end of the day has been reached At this point yesterday s daily averages are updated with the new data The end of the day is not necessarily midnight It is a programmable setting between 0 00 AM and 10 00 AM Hawk 9000 Real Time Input Registers Registe Name Format Description r hex 100 RTU Time 32 Bit Time in seconds since Jan 1 1990 00 00 0x64 102 Pressure Units 16 Bit 0 kPa gt 0 psi 0x66
15. On the Presentation menu point to Real time and click Real Time Deadweight The pressure data collected by Hawk 9000 appears 155 Real Time Deadweight File STATIC Pres 6280 TUBING 1 Pres 6280 3671 6 kpag Time 11 20 34 Sample Countdown Viewing Real Time Data Deadweight Mode 3 To change the data displayed choose a different channel from the lists 4 To close the data view click the X in the upper right corner of the window or on the File menu click Exit Working with Multiple Hawk 9000 Boxes You can connect to up to four Hawk 9000 devices at once This is accomplished by using Y cables to daisy chain the devices to the Raven You can then configure program monitor and download from multiple surface boxes from one computer To connect to multiple Hawk 9000s using Raven 1 Connect one end of a RS 485 cable to each Hawk 9000 2 Attach the end of each cable to an arm of a Y cable 3 Connect an RS 485 cable to the tail of the Y cable At a safe location attach the cable to the Raven 156 en Connecting multiple Hawk 9000s 4 Ifyou are connecting more Hawk 9000 boxes use additional Y cables to create as many branches as you need a U e Connecting more than two Hawk 9000s 5 Open Calwin and connect Raven to your computer with a USB cable On the Software Options menu click
16. To create a graph on page 63 Click Set Scale itz SCALEPLOT MIN TIME MAX TIME MIN PRES MAX PRES MIN TEMP MAX TEMP Set Scale 2 Type the minimum and maximum time pressure and temperature in the appropriate boxes 3 Click Done to apply the changes You can now print or modify the graph as usual Zooming Graph Areas To zoom into an area on the graph 1 Right click and drag around the area you want to zoom 2 Torevert to the original view click Unzoom on the graph menu bar If you have zoomed more than once and you can also use the Zoom Back One command to revert to the previous scale Viewing Calendar Time Graphs delta time time relative to the start time is the default time format for graphs You can also change the graph time to show the actual calendar time To change the time format to calendar time in graphs 1 On the graph view tool bar click Real Time The menu name will change to Delta Time 2 To change back to delta time click Delta Time Changing the Start or End Time You can change the start or end time that appears on the graph When you export data from the adjusted graph the exported data reflects the changes you made in the graph To change the start or end time 1 On the graph click the location that you want to designate as the new start or end time 2 Onthe Report Tools menu click Select Start or Select End The selected time will now appear as the new
17. 00 Programed Duration 161 12 02 30 Total Duration Including Overrun 161 12 02 30 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Display Option Always On Pressure Display Option kPag Temperature Display Option Celsius Password Option Off Channel i Pressure On Channel Meme STATIC Channel 2 Pressure On Channel Meme TUBING 1 Channel 3 Exterral RTD On Channel Name METER Channel 4 4 to 20ma On Channel Name Diff Channel 5 Turbire Flow Meter i On Channel Name Liquid Flor Channel 6 Turbine Flow Meter 2 Off Gas Flow Units 10 3a 3 Gas Flow Calculation Through Orfice Diff Gas Flow Calculation Type Standard Standard Compressability Values 0 6500 Specific Gravity 0 0000 coz 0 0000 N2 0 0000 H2S Turbine 1 Serial Number 1021 38 Calibration Date 2004 01 01 Turbine Manufacturer Turbines Inc Turbine Pick Up Model LD Production Test Example Finish 151 Starting the Hawk 9000 Surface Box After you have programmed the Hawk 9000 it will be running in low power mode and the clock on the unit will display the number 5 00 You will need to activate the box to resume sampling To start Hawk 9000 after programming l Remove the Interface Box cable The Hawk 9000 will not start sampling if the 6 pin Lemo connector is connected to the unit Quickly press the toggle button at least 5 times within 3 seconds until you see pressures or temperatures displayed If the number 5 00 reappears you were not succes
18. Accuracy 0 024 Full Scale Pressure Resolution 0 0003 Full Scale Pressure Drift lt 3 psi Year Pressure Ranges Various up to 15 000 psi Temperature Accuracy 0 15 Full Scale Temperature Resolution 0 002 Full Scale Operating Temperature up to 150 C Power Requirements volts 3 3 VDC Power Requirements battery life 1 AA Lithium Cell Year Number of Data Points 348 000 Sets Expandable Minimum Sample Rate 1 Sample Second Housing Material 718 INCONEL Standard Housing Diameter 0 75 and 1 25 Inches Housing Length 0 75 Inch Recorder 12 and 20 Inches Housing Length 1 25 Inch Recorder 22 Inches Transducer Type Silicon Crystal Communications RS 232 via Communication Box Software Windows 95 98 2000 XP About Badger Tri Tool Silicon Gauge External temperature sensors have been standard on most logging tools for years but they can be expensive The Badger Tri Tool is an innovative cost effective downhole tool that records fast response external temperature using an external temperature sensor in addition to accurate internal pressure and temperature readings at a one second sample rate Temperature recorders can give you valuable information about a well Unfortunately these sensors are slow because the temperature sensor is located near the pressure sensor to obtain an accurate pressure calculation Badger Tri Tool was designed to detect f
19. Box appear in Connecting the Downhole Gauge on page 15 and Connecting a Hawk 9000 Surface Box on page 16 USB amp Serial Interface Box Multimedia Card Options for Hawk 9000 Cal Scan s Hawk 9000 surface boxes are equipped with a multimedia feature so you can download the box quickly in hazardous conditions The SD multimedia card MMC is a miniature floppy disk that you insert into the Hawk 9000 You can download your data to the card at over 120 kbps without losing samples After the data has been downloaded onto the multimedia card you insert the MMC card into a PMCIA or USB MMC reader connected to your computer in a safe location You can clear the MMC data load settings to update or change password preferences through Calwin Setting Up MMC Passwords You can set up a 4 digit numerical password to restrict viewing or downloading the Hawk 9000 data To set up the MMC password 1 Onthe Program menu point to Program SD MMC and click Password Setup for Viewing or Password Setup for Download ENTER PASSWORD Enter Password 2 Inthe Enter Password dialog box type the 4 digit password that you created when you programmed the Hawk 9000 Click OK The Hawk 9000 is now set up to permit viewing only after the password has been entered Clearing an MMC This feature erases all of the data on the multimedia card To clear an MMC 1 On the Program menu point to Program SD MMC and click Clear Card ALL DA
20. Box 3 USB amp Serial Interface Box 159 V viewing data 125 graphs 127 real time 154 table view 128 W wire hookups 182 Wolverine 101 specifications 102 Z zoom back one 66 zooming 66
21. Intrinsically Safe for Class I Division 1 Groups A B C amp D Outdoor hazardous locations e Temperature Class T4 Ambient temperature 50 C Entity Parameters for CSA e Intrinsically safe ratings are as follows Maximum Input Voltage Vmax 30 V Maximum Input Current Imax 100 mA Maximum Input Power Pmax 770 mW Maximum Internal Capacitance Ci 0 uF Maximum Internal Inductance Li 0 uH e Associated apparatus CSA certified barriers Maximum output voltage Voc 30 V Maximum output current Isc 100 mA Maximum output Voltage Pmax 770 mW 179 180 Installation of Hawk 9000 for CSA e All wiring shall comply with the Canadian Electrical Code Part I and local electrical codes e Instrument modifications or parts replacement by other than authorized representatives of Cal Scan Services is prohibited and will void Canadian Standards Intrinsically Safe Certification UL Intrinsically Safe Installation Permanent IS CSA UL certification is pending These are the expected installation requirements if running permanent Hawk 9000 off of instrumentation power Use in Hazardous Locations e Hawk 9000 is applicable for use in hazardous locations Intrinsically Safe for Class I Division 1 Groups A B C amp D Outdoor hazardous locations e Temperature Class T4 Ambient temperature 50 C Entity Parameters for UL e Intrinsically safe ratings are as follows
22. Out on page 123 a amp Connecting to Hawk 9000 using the I nterface Box 135 Extended Buildup Test 136 The extended buildup test provides information about the well reservoir especially the ability of a formation to produce You can also use this test to determine formation permeability extent of wellbore damage or stimulation reservoir pressure and reservoir boundaries and heterogeneities This test is conducted by producing a well at constant rate for some time shutting the well in allowing the pressure to buildup in the wellbore and recording the pressure in the wellbore as function of time When recording the pressures at the surface the bottomhole pressure is calculated by adding the weight of the fluid column to the surface pressure To conduct an extended buildup test you will need to program the Hawk 9000 to collect data from both casing and tubing pressure channels at an appropriate sample rate To program Hawk 9000 for an extended buildup test 1 Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to of the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the appropriate port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into the Interface Box when using a serial cable 2 Line up and attach the gray Interface Box 6 pin Lemo cable to the face of Hawk 9000 surface box 3 Open Calwin On the Program menu click Program Tool If there is data in the gauge memory that has not ye
23. Up Com Ports seed daei paaa aaa e aa a araa a EAEE nennen 94 Operation Guide BEER RR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR eee 95 Introduction to Gauge Operation zuuuuannunnnannnunen 97 About Badger and Mole Silicon Strain Gauges 2s2sen rennen 97 Badger and Mole Specifications z44 4444er nennen nennen 98 About Badger Tri Tool Silicon Gauge 2z222essesen sen nennen anne 99 Badger Tri Tool Specifications u 444444Hnnn nern nennen 100 About Wolverine Quartz Gauge uz2ssensennnnnnnennnn nenn nennen 101 Wolverine Tool Specifications 4 4444s Henne 102 About Hawk 9000 Surface BOX c cece cece e eee eee nennen nennen 103 Hawk 9000 Features 2s2ussesensennennnnn namen nennen nennen 103 Hawk 9000 Safety Approvals 2ur2esan sense nennen nennen 104 Hawk 9000 Specifications cece cece e cece eee e eee nenn nennen 105 Downhole Gauge Setup zuurennnannnnnnnannunnnannnannnnnn LOZ Guidelines for a Successful Downhole Test c seeeeeee eee 107 Testing the Gauge Before Downhole Tests 0cce0eeaes 108 Downhole Extended Test uesssensensnennnennenennnnenennenn nennen 108 Programming for an Extended Test c cecceceeeeeeeeeeeeens 110 Downhole Gradient 2ssesssenenennenenennnnnnennennnennnn en nennen 115 Programming for a Downhole Gradient ecceeeeeeeees 115 Testing the Downhole Tool Battery
24. and install the battery as described in Testing the Downhole Tool Battery on page 120 and Plugging the Battery into the Downhole Tool on page 122 Testing the Downhole Tool Battery 120 Before running the tools it is important to ensure that the battery is operating properly Cal Scan s tools are designed so that the battery is attached to one end of the tool and then encased in a protective steel cylinder Half of the tool is actually the battery barrel which is the battery component hidden inside the steel casing Note You must test the tool battery every time you run the tool To check the battery in the downhole tool 1 If the battery is in the tool do the following a Make sure the tool is not connected to your laptop computer b Unscrew the two halves of the tool casing and remove the battery barrel the cylinder that protects the battery The other half of the tool casing should remain intact c Gently pull the battery out from its six prong Lemo connection to the tool Do not unscrew the battery or you could accidentally pull the connecting wires apart and damage the battery component of the tool If the battery is cold heat it up with your vehicle heater Gently tap the battery a few times on a flat surface such as your windshield dashboard or a tabletop This action breaks down the passification film that forms around lithium batteries when they have been stagnant or cold for any length
25. export CMP files to this format to use it with Fekete applications that require this format The procedure for creating FAS files is the same as for ASCII files except that options for filtering and formatting are disabled Chapter 10 Tool Options and Diagnostics This chapter describes how to change the settings for orifice plate size calibration serial number and start time It also covers viewing and downloading tool information Recorder Tool Settings The Recorder Parameters window displays the parameters of the gauge as shown in the following example You can also edit the settings in this dialog box To view recorder parameters 1 On the Tool Options menu click Tool Settings 2 The Recorder Parameters dialog box opens 83 Recorder Parameters Serial Number 9725 Pressure Range 15008 71 PSIG 103482 KPAG Calibration Date FEB 20 03 Model Number 9004 Revision Level V214 Recorder Mode Standard Tool Memory Size 698368 Samples Number of samples 124 Recorder Parameters Setting Recorder Serial Number A low battery or a damaged gauge can scramble the gauge data and serial number Set Serial allows you to insert the serial number back into the gauge When you select this feature a window will ask you for a password Contact Cal Scan at 780 944 1377 for consultation and password information Inserting Recorder Calibration A low battery or a
26. lost while you retrieve data In addition the data remains in the Hawk 9000 after you download with the MMC so that if you lose or damage the original card you can download the data again from the Hawk 9000 After the data has been downloaded onto the multimedia card insert the MMC card into aPMCIA or USB MMC reader connected to your computer in a safe location To download Hawk 9000 data with a multimedia card 1 Insert the multimedia card into the memory card slot on the face of the Hawk 9000 The conductors on the card should face the right side of the slot in order to make contact with the prongs 2 Press the toggle button on the Hawk 9000 to begin dumping the data onto the multimedia card The LCD displays a Card Busy message indicating that the dump is taking place A countdown of the remaining percentage of data appears 161 CARD BUSY Downloading data with MMC 3 When the data has been downloaded the LCD displays a Card Done message You can now remove the multimedia card 4 Press the button to reactivate the Hawk 9000 and return it to the normal display You now have the binary raw data on the multimedia card and you manually compensate the data on your computer at a safe location Insert the MMC card into a PMCIA or USB MMC reader connected to your computer to copy the data file to your hard drive Maintaining Hawk 9000 The Lithium battery pack in the Hawk 900
27. or the calibration could have been scrambled or corrupted Recompensated files have a cmp file extension These files are stored in your data folder e _Recompensate from Disk Recompensate from SD MMC F9 opens your data folder so you can select a binary file to recompensate Presentation Menu Presentation options are used to view graph or print data once the raw data bin file has been recompensated You cannot do any of these tasks until the bin file has been recompensated 12 View Graph See Graphing Data on page 63 Print Table See Printing Data on page 70 View Table See Viewing Data in Table View on page 68 View Differential Graph See Differential Plot on page 67 Test Information See Headers on page 61 Real time See Viewing Real Time Hawk 9000 Data on page 154 Fl opens your data folder from which you can choose a cmp file to create and print reports Tool Options Menu These options are used to set or change the initial settings of surface gauge tools Tool Settings See To view recorder parameters on page 83 Recorder Tools See Recorder Tool Settings on page 83 Download Tools See Download Tools on page 87 Change Real Time Settings See AGA Flow Settings for Hawk 9000 on page 90 Permanent Surface Box E Line SRO Software Options Menu This menu contains software setup items These options are used to set or change the initi
28. party line or multidrop mode As many as 32 driver receiver pairs can share a multidrop network In a typical two wire multidrop network the transmission line is terminated on both ends of the line but not at drop points in the middle of the line Termination should only be used with high data rates and long wiring runs The signal ground line is also recommended in an RS 485 system to keep the common mode voltage that the receiver must accept within the 7 to 12 volt range Since the Hawk 9000 uses a half duplex interface the Modbus master must tristate the TX line when it is not sending any information If you are connecting the Hawk 9000 to a computer you should use a RS 232 to RS 485 driver with automatic send data control such as Cal Scan s Raven This type of interface has special circuitry that enables the driver when data is being transmitted and then disables the driver within one character length of the end of transmission This is the preferred method of RS 485 interfacing since it reduces software overhead and the number of potential pitfalls for the programmer 167 168 Termination Termination is used to match impedance of a node to the impedance of the transmission line being used When impedances are mismatched the transmitted signal is not completely absorbed by the load and a portion is reflected back into the transmission line If the source transmission line and load impedance are equal these reflections
29. pickup coil as the blades turn Each blade sends a pulse as they pass the coil Flow rate is calculated by counting the number of pulses received by the coil during a given time interval Pickup Impell I ARA Turbine Each turbine is individually calibrated by counting pulse rate against a known gas flow rate Turbines do not stand up well to sand it wears down the impellers and can get into the bearings You should check the calibration of turbines annually since any wear can shift the calibration There is very little pressure drop across the blades of a turbine In some cases such as when measuring wet gas liquid can drop out when using an orifice plate The low pressure drop on a turbine helps to prevent this from happening Turbines have a low turn down ratio This the highest possible flow reading divided by the lowest possible reading An orifice plate typically has a turn down ratio of 1 5 Turbines can have turn down ratios of 80 1 up to 400 1 Orifice plates circumvent this problem by using many plates to extend the ratio Optical Flow Meters Optical flow computers OFM use laser light to measure the speed of natural flowing particles in the fluid P1 A P1 a me Detecting Optics 11 Et Et Flow in Pipeline Ss Illuminating Optics Signal T Velocity P1 P2 Photodetectors ei ES tim y z s Beam Spacing T OFM The OFM measures the speed of ga
30. rate This enables you to see the last 4 LED flashes on the Interface Box immediately after you plug in the battery rather than waiting for the specified interval to pass 19 20 To program a gauge using fixed rate sampling 1 Onthe Program menu click Program Tools If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the gauge data ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUEIY or N Erase Data Warning 2 If your gauge is a high temperature gauge choose the temperature mode To run the gauge in high temperature mode type H otherwise type N Click OK Note When you choose high temperature mode a warning appears because battery consumption is higher in this mode Type Y to confirm your choice and click OK High Temp or Normal Temp Mode This is aHIGH TEMPERATURE TOOL do you want the tool to run in HIGH TEMP over 150 DE TEMPI G C 302 DEG F NORMAL TEMP below 150 DEG C 302 DEG F Hfigh or Nformal I Temperature mode 3 Type the expected temperature Click OK EXPECTED TEMPERATURE Enter expected downhole temperature DEG C 1150 Expected Temperature 4 Type the test duration Click OK EXPECTED LENGTH OF TEST Enter expected length of test in days Test Duration 5 Type the sample rate and then click Program Tool The
31. samples used on recorder 0 Tool has been programmed in NORMAL TEMPERATURE mode AMP HOURS required for programmed duration 0 145 AH AMP HOURS required for Total duration including overrun 1 516 AH Mulitrate Finish Saving a Program to Disk If you run the same test regularly you can re use a previously saved program that contains your selected sample rates and durations You can also open a saved program and modify it before applying the program to the gauge To save a program to disk l Create a program as described in To program gauges using mulitrate on page 23 2 Click Save Program to Hard Drive A Save File dialog box appears Type a name for the file and click OK The program will be saved in C pressure program 3 Click Program Tool to apply the program settings 27 28 To open a saved program l Open the Program Sample Rates dialog box as described in To program gauges using mulitrate on page 23 On the Program Sample Rates dialog box click Retrieve Program from Hard Drive An Open File dialog box appears Choose the program file that you want to open and click Open The program information appears in the Program Sample Rates dialog box You can use the program as is or modify the settings Click Program Tool to apply the program settings Viewing the Program You can view the sample rate details for a gauge after it has been programmed The information displayed will vary depending on
32. start or end time Differential Plot The Differential plot displays the difference in pressure between two devices on the same graph so you can compare the data Note that the start times of both gauges must be entered before the software will permit you to create a differential graph 67 To create a differential plot 1 On the Presentation menu click View Differential Plot 2 A dialog box opens showing the compensated files in your data folder Select a file and click Open 3 Select the second file you want to graph and click Open A graph appears showing the difference between the two sets of data Viewing Data in Table View The table view displays the data from a recorder in tabular format To view data in table view 1 On the Presentation menu click View Table or press F4 2 Inthe Select cmp File dialog box select the file you want to view and click OK E View Data Exit Print Serial Number File Name Page Up Page Down Up Arrow Down Arrow Home End F10toExit 430 men SCROLL SAMPLE View Data 68 Merging Data To use this feature the files you select must have the start times entered in them You can merge the data from up to eight different gauges into one file This feature allows you to Add more recent data to an older file to make a continuous record e Compare how different recorders are running in relation to each other e Merge downhole data to Hawk 900
33. surface box with an Interface Box 53 download data with a multimedia card 53 download data with an Interface Box 159 edit an existing turbine calibration file 43 export compensated data to filtered ASCII 78 export compensated data to standard ASCII 75 get tool data from a file 92 import header information 63 insert recorder calibration 85 install CalWin from CD ROM 6 install CalWin from website 6 locate the end of memory 89 manually download data 88 manually recompensate or redecode data 57 merge data 69 open a saved program 28 48 plug the battery into the downhole tool 122 print a graph 65 print table data 70 program a gauge for a downhole gradient 116 program a gauge for an extended test 110 program a gauge for SRO mode 123 program a gauge using fixed rate sampling 20 program a surface box using fixed rate sampling 44 program gauges using multirate 23 program Hawk 9000 for a hydrostatic test 139 program Hawk 9000 for extended buildup test 136 program Hawk 9000 for flow proving 143 program Hawk 9000 for production testing 147 program Hawk9000 with multirate 45 program the permanent Hawk 9000 166 replace O rings 130 restart the Hawk9000 surface box 48 save a program to disk 27 47 set header options 61 set the start time in a binary file 91 set up com ports 94 set up MMC passwords 5 set up the Hawk9000 surface box 31 start Hawk 9000 after programming 152 use an MMC to update Hawk9000 settings 34 view a gauge
34. takes a measurement at the new depth The data at different depths can then be used to create a pressure depth plot The plot along with standard time pressure plot can be interpreted to yield the information described previously In order to produce accurate results you must record the actual depth carefully Otherwise the gradient will contain errors The gradient test involves running the downhole gauge in the well for the entire duration of the test Programming for a Downhole Gradient Fixed Rate is used to program the recorder to run at one sample rate until the memory is full You can enter the sample rate in seconds minutes or hours In order to program the gauge for a downhole gradient test you will need to provide the following information e Sample Rate This is typically 30 seconds but the rate depends on the type of test that you want to run Usually the reservoir engineer will specify the rate Multiple sample rates are generally not needed since Cal Scan s tools can record well over 600 000 sample points You can filter the data later 1f you do not need to view all of the data 115 116 Note Expected downhole temperature This allows Calwin to calculate the expected current draw on the battery over the duration of the test If you do not know the temperature then enter 150 C the maximum temperature in which the gauge will run Calwin will calculate the worst possible current draw Test duration Thi
35. that you keep at least every 10th sample type 10 80 9 If you selected Delta Filter from the Select Channel for filtering list choose the data that you want to filter In the Unless there is a delta change of box type the change in value at which Calwin will consider a sample significant For example if you type 5 Calwin will discard all data points unless the value changes by more than 5 units from the previous point Calwin will then record the point at which the change occurred as well as the previous point 10 Click Calculate New Size to see the number of samples and the percentage of the original size of the resulting file after filtering 11 Click Output ASCII 12 Choose the file name and location in which you want to save the ASCII file The default directory is C PRESSURE DATA SELECT LOCATION FOR ASCII GENERATION jawkshort asc ASC Files ASC Save ASCII 13 If you have set the ASCII Header to ON in the Configuration Screen you will be asked to enter a Well Location for the test See Headers on page 61 81 Enter Well Location Previous was kikikil Press Enter to ee elect Previous Cancel Well Location 14 The message ASCII File Complete will appear To view the ASCII File use Windows Word or WordPad to open the file Exporting to FAS 82 FAS Fekete ASCII Standard is a standard file format used by Fekete Associates Inc petroleum software You can
36. the Program menu click Program Tools The Surface Box Setup dialog box opens Surface Box Setup Display Options Password Protection Communication Pressure Units Temperature Units PASSWORD ON KPAG X CELSUS 7 ALWAYS ON Z PASSWORD OFF E Optional Well Information Company Name joes Oil UWlor LSD 666 666 Channel Selections I Pressure 1 Fluid Media WE I SN 800ppg 800ppg I External RTD 1 I SN 900ppg 900ppg motas I SN 1000ppg 1000ppg 7 External RTD 3 Downhole Serial Number DOWNHOLE v Y Gopher 9725 Sampling information Battery Voltage Minimum Sample Rate 1 Second 3 236 Available Samples on 609988 Surface Box Set Up 3 The downhole tool you programmed should be selected in the Channel Selections area The serial number should match the number on the downhole gauge If it is incorrect click Update and select the correct calibration file for the downhole tool 4 Click Done 124 Downloading and Viewing Data After collecting data you can retrieve and view data from the tool using Calwin For more information about retrieving data refer to the Calwin Reference Guide To download data from downhole gauges l Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the USB or serial port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into back of the Interface Box when using a serial cabl
37. to insert a 9 volt battery into back of the Interface Box when using a serial cable Line up and attach the gray Interface Box cable to the top of the gauge Programming a gauge 3 Ensure that the red LED light emitting diode on the face of the Interface Box flashes 4 short signals to indicate that it is active If the 4 short signals do not appear do not run the recorder Disconnect the cables and try again until you see the 4 LED flashes Ensure that the I nterface Box is active 4 Open the Calwin program On the Program menu click Program Tool If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the gauge data 111 112 ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUEIY or N Erase Data Warning 5 If your gauge is a high temperature gauge the Temperature mode dialog box appears To run the gauge in high temperature mode type H otherwise type N Click OK Note High temperature mode will deplete the battery more quickly than normal mode Use this mode only if the temperature will be greater than 150 C High Temp or Normal Temp Mode This is a HIGH TEMPERATURE TOOL do you want the tool to run in HIGH TEMPfover 150 DEG C 302 DEG F NORMAL TEMP below 150 DEG C 302 DEG F Cancel Hligh or Nformal I Temperature mode 6 Type the expected downhole t
38. you want to use this timefY or N Hawk 9000 Start Time 6 The recorder will start uploading the binary raw data to the computer You will see the samples counting down in the message window After all of the samples have downloaded the program will begin to compensate the binary data 7 Inthe Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data to plot on the left and right axes Select the axis to plot from the Available list and click the arrow buttons to move the selected data to the appropriate axis Select Data For Output PLOT ON LEFT AXIS AVAILABLE TO PLOT PLOT ON RIGHT AXIS 9725 Pressure KPAG Kai ae e dl 9725 Int Temperature C PLOT DATA Select Output Data 8 The program will plot the channels you select 160 Downloading with Raven Raven works in the same way as aregular USB amp Serial Interface Box Because it is insulated against sparking it is safe to use in the presence of flammable or explosive gases Raven connects to your computer using long USB or RS 485 cables up to a maximum of 1000 feet See Remote Communication on page 152 for information about connecting to Raven Downloading with a Multimedia Card MMC You can use the SD multimedia card slot on Hawk 9000 to safely download the data without performing a sniff check This method is certified safe to use in hazardous locations Hawk 9000 will continue to sample during downloading so that no data is
39. 0 data for example adding pressure data to surface flow Note When merging files with different time ranges and multiple gauges you must merge files to create a continuous record for each gauge seperately before merging data from different gauges To merge data 1 On the File menu click Merge CMP Data A dialog box opens showing the compensated files in your data folder Select a file and click Open 2 The dialog box appears again Select the another file and click Open 3 Inthe Enter File Name dialog box type a name for the merged data file and click OK The data from the two files are now combined in one file ENTER FILE NAME Type the output data bin file which will be placed in the ok data directory Cancel Save Merged File 4 To merge the data from another gauge repeat steps 1 and 2 selecting the merged file as the first file 69 70 Merging Data Examples In the following example the data from two downhole gauges top and bottom are merged and compared This helps to verify that the gauges are operating correctly When the gauges are submerged in liquid there should be about a pound of pressure difference between the two due to higher hydrostatic pressure on the bottom gauge 410 892 14 768 17250 950 6 574 17257 950 REAL TIME Delta nme Sampiew Pressure rac Pressure KPAG 12 29 2004 05 20 00 212 0833 25460 16763 370 16766 770 12 29 2004 05 20 30 212 0917 25461 16763 570 16766 8
40. 0 is designed to last for at least a year under normal working conditions When the battery power is low the battery icon on the face of the unit appears Once the battery icon appears you have approximately one month of power left based on a 30 second sample rate To change the Hawk 9000 battery 1 Remove the protective case on the Hawk 9000 Set it aside 2 With a standard screwdriver unscrew the two white plastic screws on either side of the face of the Hawk 9000 unit 162 Remove screws Remove screws 3 Without pulling the wires out gently lift the face of the unit so it can rest on the outside of the unit s casing Wo Battery pack Open the unit and locate the battery 4 Locate the battery pack in the center of the unit and gently remove it from its Velcro connection 5 Locate the red and black wires coming out of the battery pack and follow them up to the small telephone jack connection Gently remove the battery wires from the unit s board 163 Telephone jack connection Remove battery from the board 6 Insert a new battery pack into the unit and attach the unit to its Velcro connection Insert the red and black battery pack wires into the small telephone jack and gently place the face of the Hawk 9000 back into its original position on the unit Screw the white plas
41. 000 Boxes 2 22r4r nenne 156 Downloading Hawk 9000 Data 2220440snn nennen nn ee ee nennen 158 Downloading with the Interface Box 2ss2sen sense nen 159 Downloading with Raven cccceeeee eee ee eee eee eee ee ee nennen 161 Downloading with a Multimedia Card MMC 161 Maintaining Hawk 9000 cece eee eee eee ee teeta nen nn nam nun 162 Hawk 9000 Operational Precautions ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenes 164 Permanent Hawk 9000 Setup cccce cece e eee e ee nenne nennen nen 165 Connecting to a Half Duplex RS 485 Network 167 The Modbus Protocol ccec cece eee eee eee eee nennen nennen 169 Modbus Register List 04 SB V3 164 ccceeeee eee eee es 173 Modbus Holding Register List 03 16 ceceeee eee eee es 178 CSA Intrinsically Safe Installation 179 UL Intrinsically Safe Installation cece cece eee ee ee eee eae 180 Internal Wire Hookups of Hawk 9000 ceceeeeee ee eee 182 Field Wiring Specifications for Hawk 9000 eee 184 Basic Gas Measurement Theory and Practice 187 Standard Units amp Gas LAWS cece eee ee nennen nn nenn 187 Standard Pressure ccccece cece nen nenn eee eee name nn nn nnn nn nenn 187 Standard Temperature cece cece eee ee ee eee nennen 188 Supercompressibility cc cee ee eee eee eect e
42. 3 Graphing Data fic een ana arg arg 63 Graph Viewing Options cece eee eee nnnnnnnennnn nenn nen 64 Differential Ploty cosita we te ar 67 Viewing Data in Table View 22z sssnsessnsennnnnnnnnnnen nennen nenn 68 Merging Dat nsan an ana a ia He 69 Printing Data eves vies ea en 70 Exporting Data uuunnnannunnnen lin 75 Exporting to Filtered ASCII oooococcocccccccnnnccnccnncnnnnconnnnrn cananea 77 EXPOTEING TORFAS ee it 82 Tool Options and Diagnostics PIERRE ere 83 Recorder Tool SettingS cccececeeeeee eee ee eee nun nenn nn nun en namen 83 Setting Recorder Serial Number 244s404404sn nenn nn 84 Inserting Recorder Calibration 44z4s40ssnnen anne 84 Getting Hours On Tool 2z4 r4eren eee ee eee eee nennen nennen 85 Sampling to Terminal 2z4s sannnnnennen nenne nennen nnn nn 86 Downloading Recorder Calibration 4444444H nern 87 Download To ls rss ln Er site 87 Manually Dumping Data z2r s sen nerennnn nennen anne nenn 88 Find End Of Memory and Download c eeeeeeee ee eee ees 89 AGA Flow Settings for Hawk 9000 ce ceceee eee eee nennen nme 90 BUG TOONS Hase an bee aa 91 Setting Start Time 00 cece eee eee eee nun nn nn nenne nun nn 91 Getting Tool Data From a File eeens eerren 92 Viewing the Configuration Screen 0 cc ceeee eee ee eee eee ee eee ee nenn 92 Setting
43. 40 12 29 2004 05 21 00 212 1000 25462 16763 470 16766 920 ni 445114151 11111003 1111111111514114114 Merging top and bottom gauge data Printing Data To print table data 1 On the Presentation menu click Print Table You can also press Fl 2 A dialog box opens showing the compensated files in your data folder Select the file that contains the data that you want to print and click Open 3 Inthe Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data columns that you want to print by selecting the name of the column in the Available column and clicking the arrow buttons Click Print Data Select Data For Output SELECT UP TO EIGHT ITEMS AVAILABLE FOR PRINTING ITEMS TO PRINT 9725 Pressure KPAG 9725 Int Temperature C PRINT DATA Select Print Output 4 Choose the time range of the data to print PRINT ALL PRINT ALL OF THE TEST Y OR N Choose data time range e To print the whole report type Y e If you want to print a section of the data type N In the appropriate boxes type the start hour and the end hour of the data section you want to print If the test is 100 hours long and you want to print the data between 10 and 20 hours 10 hours will be the start hour and 20 hours will be the end hour 71 72 ENTER TIME Delta Time TO END THE PRINT Cancel Choose data time range 5 Inthe Print 1 Every How Many Readings box type the number of samples y
44. CalWin User s Guide Cal Scan Services 4188 93 Street NW Edmonton Alberta Canada T6E 5P5 E mail calscan telusplanet net Phone 780 944 1377 www calscan net Contents About Cal Scan seen SEP BEEEEEEEEEENEEEEEEENENENNE un 1 Programming Reference uunuannunnnunnnannnunnnann nase 1 Introduction to Calwin zunsennuannnunnnannnunnunnnannnunnn ne About CalWwin nc sens eae tabi Ha a le ee a eee 3 USB Serial Cable Interface Box cceceeeeee eects teeta e eens 3 Multimedia Card Options for Hawk 9000 cccceceeeeeeee eee eeaes 4 Setting Up MMC Passwords ccceeeeeee eee teens nenne tena nn 4 Clearing an MMG ascia e narani eee eee eee teeta ence ee nenn nennen 5 Inst lling CalWitisssiece t inna debeheh adobe se 6 Troubleshooting Installation cece cece eee eee eee nennen 7 File Location Extensions and Folders 7 Getting Started With Calwin uuuuuuunnannnannunnnannnunnn 9 CalWiN MENUS eta idad iaa 10 Ele Menard ts 10 Program Menu a a a e 10 DUMP Me Utero eden ti ii 11 Recompensate Menu c ooccccoccccnnncnnnnannnnnn nan nennen nenne nennen 11 Presentation Menu cece cece ee eee ee eee eee teeta teen ee nennen 11 Tool Options Menu ccceee eee eee eee eee eee aetna nennen 12 Software Options MeNu ccc cceeeee eect e eee eect neta eee eee nn 13 Connecting Tools to Calwin uuuauuunnnunnnannnannunnnann 15 Connecting the D
45. Configuration In the Multiple Unit box click On Click Done to return to the main window 6 In the main window click Multi Unit On In the Enter Serial Numbers area type the serial number for each Hawk 9000 157 Calwin2002 for WINDOWS 98 2000 ME NT XP Version 5 3 3 Eek File Program Dump Recalc Presentation Tool Options Diagnostics Debug Settings Using Raven COMA Connected to Hawk 3000 Multiple Unit Communication Multi Unit Off Multi Unit On Enter Serial Numbers c 3 4 F1 Report F2 Screen Paper Plot F4 SReport F6 Dump Probe F7 Ascii F8 Probe Talk F9 Recompensate F10 Quit Add serial numbers 7 Calwin automatically monitors all surface boxes connected to the RS 485 network after you have entered the serial numbers of the units To select a Hawk 9000 to program or download click the button corresponding to the serial number of the unit You can then use Calwin to work with the selected gauge normally as if connected through an Interface Box Downloading Hawk 9000 Data After collecting data you can retrieve and view data from Hawk 9000 using the Interface Box an SD MMC or Raven For more information about retrieving data refer to the Calwin Reference Guide SD MMC is the best way to download data This method allows you to download data safely and is up to 10 times faster than using an Interface Box 158 Downloading with the Interface Box Note Do not use the serial por
46. Download A low battery or a damaged gauge can scramble your data or cause the gauge to lose track of the end of memory If the gauge has been damaged and you suspect that it is showing the incorrect number of samples use this feature to automatically locate the end of memory To locate the end of memory 1 Onthe Tool Options menu point to Download Tools and click Find End of Memory and Download 2 If you want the gauge to continue sampling during the dump type Y and click OK Type N to stop sampling while you download data STOP SAMPLING DO YOU WANT TO HAVE THE SURFACEBOX STOP SAMPLING Y OR N Cancel Stop Sampling 3 Type a name for the file you are creating Select the start time If you are using a Hawk 9000 choose the channel you want to plot 89 Surface Box Start Time June 3 2004 16 14 00 is the Start time the surface box ows Do you want to use this timefY or N Start Time AGA Flow Settings for Hawk 9000 This feature is designed for Hawk 9000 boxes that have been programmed for flow calculations The Flow Calculation must be set to On in the Surface Box Setup dialog box Flow calculations are performed using parameters such as pressure differential and orifice size to estimate the flow rate If flow rate becomes unmeasurable due to incorrect orifice size you may need to change the orifice diameter In this case you will need to change the orifice settings in the gauge as well Note You ca
47. Erase Data warning appears again Type Y and click OK to proceed with programming w Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE C SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 r SECONDS 0 PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Fixed Rate Programming 6 Do not unplug the gauge or shut off the Interface Box while the gauge is being programmed The new program settings appear Once you see this message it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box 21 PROGRAM RATES Recorder 9725 Date and Time Programmed 12 08 2004 13 18 29 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DDD HH MM SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 05 040 09 57 20 698368 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 000 00 00 00 Programmed Duration 040 09 58 20 Total Duration Including Overrun 040 09 58 20 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Tool has been programmed in NORMAL TEMPERATURE mode AMP HOURS required for expected duration of 30 Days 0 544 AH AMP HOURS required for Total duration including overrun 0 733 AH Fixed Rate Finish Programming Downhole Tools Multirate 22 Use the Multirate option to program the gauge to run up to 15 different sample rates during the test You will need to specify the Sample Rate and the Duration for each rate The following example shows a sample rate of 10 seconds for 1 hour and a second sample rate of 1 minute for 30 days The columns show the sample rate number sample rate duration and total accumulated samples The length of test sam
48. Flow Calculations area click On Note that the channel selections become locked to STATIC and METER c In the Flow Method area click Flow Prover d From the Gas Flow Unit list choose the appropriate flow unit e From the Compressibility Type list choose Standard Use Detailed only when you know the exact gas composition of the well See the Calwin reference for more details f Click OK 143 144 Surface Box Setup Password Protection Communication Pressure Units Temperature Units Display Options PASSWORD ON KPAA ALWAYS ON Y PASSWORD OFF Optional Well Information y fceisus gt Company Name 877 NOu ePr kp P822 NOu ePr Kkp2287 UWlor LSD NOu sPr xp2ZB8ZZ N Channel Selections W Pressure 1 W i TER S fee LIQUDFLOW1 9 Turbine 1 J External RTD 1 wi I 4to 20ma Flow Calculations Flow Method C oft Flow Prover Turbine Select Gas Channel Name NATURAL GAS FLOW OK Gas Flow Unit Compressibility Type 103m3 y Detailed On Surface Box Setup Sampling information I Dynamic Sampling Minimum Sample Rate 3 Seconds Available Samples on 232106 EIER Liquid Flow Units Flow Rate Units RE Flow Accum Units Battery Voltage 3 566 5 Inthe Flow Prover Setup dialog box specify the following a The gas composition The level of detail of the composition depends on the compressibility type you se
49. Gopher Cal Scan s Surface Readout Tools that allow all of its standard Badger Mole and Wolverine downhole gauges to communicate to the surface through an electric line Also called the SRO Box Gopher E Line SRO Cal Scan s Surface Readout tool that is designed for temporary use on a wireline truck An SRO Box Gopher P SRO Cal Scan s Surface Readout tool that is designed for permanent mounting on a well site An SRO Box Hawk 9000 Cal Scan s low powered surface box recorder that can monitor two pressure inputs external temperature through an RTD and differential pressure through a 4 20ma input The sensors allow you to monitor oil and gas well buildups do flow line analysis with the optional external RTD or differential pressure sensor as well as monitor general pressure and temperature The onboard LCD display allows the operator to view the pressure and temperature on both pressure sensors as well as the temperature on the external RTD hex wrench slot A ring of six ridges on a tool designed to make contact with a wrench hours on tool A feature in Calwin that displays the number of hours that the gauge has used The hours on the gauge can only be reset by a Cal Scan representative hydrostatic pressure The pressure at any point in a liquid at rest equal to the depth of the liquid multiplied by its density Hz Hertz a unit of frequency measurement INCONEL A superior brand of steel that Cal Scan uses to manuf
50. Holding Registers e 04 0x04 Read Input Registers is supported e 16 0x10 Write Holding Registers These function codes are used to read from 1 to 50 contiguous input registers in aremote device The Request PDU specifies the starting register address and the number of registers Registers are addressed starting at zero Therefore input registers 1 16 are addressed as 0 15 Request Address 1 Byte 0x01 to OxFF Function code 1 Byte 0x04 Starting Address 2 Bytes 0x0000 to OxFFFF Quantity of Input Registers 2 Bytes 0x0001 to 0x0032 16 Bit CRC 2 Bytes Request Example 01 04 00 63 00 02 81 D5 Read two input register starting at address 100 Response Address 1 Byte 0x01 to OxFF Function code 1 Byte 0x04 Byte count 1 Byte 2xN Input Registers N x 2 Bytes 171 16 Bit CRC 2 Bytes N Quantity of Input Registers Response Example 01 04 04 47 AE 42 CE 3F ES Send back four bytes Error Address 1 Byte 0x01 to OxFF Error code 1 Byte 0x84 Exception code 1 Byte 01 or 02 or 03 or 04 16 Bit CRC 2 Bytes Floating Point Byte Order There are several implementations of sending a IEEE float using Modbus registers Each implementation sends the byte order in different ways The Hawk 9000 uses the byte order on standard Modicon Systems If in the preceding response example the two registers were holding a float
51. LD low drag RF radio frequency or Std standard e Choose Uni or Bi directional f In the Description box type a description g Inthe Turbine Type list choose Gas Liquid or GasLiquid h Inthe Output Type list choose VRS or Open collector Depending on the turbine type and direction you selected up to four sets of calibration factors may be available for you to configure For each choose the number of factors and then enter the Frequency and K Factor for each On the File menu click Save On the File menu click Exit To edit an existing turbine calibration file 1 On the Software Options menu point to Turbine Tools and click Edit Turbine Calibration On the File menu click Load From the dialog box that appears choose the file to edit and click Open The saved settings appear in the Turbine Calibration dialog box Edit these settings as required On the File menu click Save On the File menu click Exit 43 Programming Hawk 9000 Fixed Rate 44 Fixed Rate is used to program the recorder to run at one sample rate until the memory is full You can enter the sample rate in seconds minutes or hours Note Calwin always programs the first 13 readings at a 5 second rate even if you program the gauge for 30 seconds or some other rate This means that you will see pressure samples immediately after the Hawk 9000 has been started To program a surface box using fixed rate sampling
52. N and HS and click Done If you do not know the exact composition use an average specific gravity value such as 0 65 149 ORFICE METER SETUP GAS PARAMETERS Specific Gravity CO2 lt 30 ORFICE PLATE SETTINGS N2 lt 50 Orfice Plate Diameter millimeters Meter Tube Diameter Si millimeters H25 lt 40 Atmospheric LOCATION e Upstream Downstream TYPE Flange Tapped Orfice Plate ca AGA Base Condition Orifice Setup 8 Type the sample rate typically 30 seconds and then click Program Tool Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE C SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 r SECONDS 0 M PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Fixed Rate 9 Set the time on the surface box by typing N and clicking OK The time used is the current on the laptop 150 TIME IS DIFFERENT Current surfacebox time is January 17 2005 10 54 04 this time is 1 seconds off from your computer Keep current surfacebox time Y or NJ Time is different 10 Do not unplug the surface box or shut off the Interface Box while the box is being programmed A message that shows the new program settings appears Once you see this message it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box PROGRAM RATES Recorder Date and Time Programmed 01 25 2005 09 13 16 Sample Rate Duration of Samples AR MI SS DID HH 2B SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 30 161 12 01 30 465123 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 000 00 00
53. Operation This part of the guide describes downhole tools their setup and maintenance About Badger and Mole Silicon Strain Gauges Badger and Mole are downhole silicon strain gauges that measure pressure and temperature Badger and Mole are dependable user friendly and power efficient The outside diameter of the Mole is 3 4 and the outside diameter of the Badger is 1 25 All housings are made of 718 INCONEL or equivalent material The Badger and Mole come in a variety of pressure ranges from 750 psi to 15 000 psi The Calwin software package and a USB amp Serial Interface Box are used to program and download data from all of our tools These tools maintain high accuracy and resolution with low power consumption Badger and Mole require only one AA lithium battery to power them for up to 1 year eliminating the need to stack batteries to get the test in The savings in the battery costs alone make these tools an attractive alternative to the other tools on the market today Cal Scan also carries a fast response temperature tool in both 1 25 and 3 4 The sample rate on these tools can be set as fast as one sample per second With a total of 696 000 samples the tool will run for up to 4 days at this rate The recorder will still fill the memory with any sample rate on a single AA battery even if the memory is doubled to 1 3 million samples 97 Badger and Mole Badger and Mole Specifications 98 Pressure
54. Program menu point to Program SD MMC and click Update settings 4 Type the serial number of the Hawk 9000 that you will update and click OK ENTER SERIAL NUMBER Enter Serial number of unit to update Enter Serial Number 5 In the Update with MMC dialog box select the items that you want to update Click Update Update With MMC Select Items to Update T Change Detailed Gas Composition Change Standard Gas Composition Select Items to Update 35 36 6 To update gas composition define the units of measurement and gas parameters Click Update Update Standard Gas Composition wit DEK GAS PARAMETERS Specific Gravity C02 lt 30 N2 lt 50 H2S lt 40 Atmospheric Update Standard Gas Composition 7 To update gas composition details define the gas mix and click Update Update Detailed Gas Composition with DEK Gas Mix Analysis Mole Fractions Methane gt 0 5 or lt 1 0 C1 Nitrogen lt 0 5 or 1 0 N2 C02 lt 0 3 or 1 0 C02 Ethane lt 0 2 C2 Propane lt 0 05 C3 Water lt 0 00015 H20 Hydrogen sulfide lt 0 0002 H2S Hydrogen lt 0 10 H2 Carbon monoxide lt 0 03 CO Oxygen lt 0 0002 02 iso Butane iC 4 n Butane nC4 iso Pentane iC5 n Pentane nC5 n Hexane lt 0 001 nC6 n Heptane lt 0 0005 nC7 n Octane nC8 n Nonane nC9 n Decane nC10 Helium lt 0 005 He Argon lt 0 0002 Ar Sum o
55. TA ON THIS CARD WILL BE ERASED or N CONTINUE Y Clear Card 2 Type Y Click OK Installing Calwin You can install Calwin from the Cal Scan web site or from CD Note You must be logged on as a user with Administrator privileges in order to install programs in Windows 2000 or XP Refer to your Windows documentation or contact your system administrator for information about user privileges To install Calwin from the Cal Scan web site 1 On your computer go to the Cal Scan Services Ltd web site which is located at www welltestsolutions comwww calscan net 2 Click Downloads Software and click the Calwin download link to download the file 3 After the Calwin has finished downloading exit the Cal Scan web site and confirm that a Calwin shortcut has been created on your desktop 4 Test that the software has been successfully installed by clicking the Calwin icon The Calwin screen should appear on your computer To install Calwin from CD ROM 1 Insert the CD into the CD ROM drive usually D and follow the prompts 2 If installation does not start automatically do the following a From the Windows Task Bar click Start and select Run b In the box type D SETUP gt EXE and click OK If your CD ROM drive is not D substitute that letter c Follow the prompts on the screen to complete the installation Troubleshooting Installation If you have trouble installing Calwin check these possible causes Pro
56. The conductors on the card should face the right side of the slot in order to make contact with the prongs Press the toggle button on the Hawk 9000 to begin dumping the data onto the multimedia card The LCD displays a Card Busy message indicating that the dump is taking place When the data has been downloaded the LCD displays a Card Done message You can now remove the multimedia card Press the toggle button to reactivate the Hawk 9000 and return it to the normal display You now have the binary raw data on the multimedia card which you can manually compensate on your computer at a safe location Insert the MMC card into aPMCIA or USB MMC reader connected to your computer to copy the data file to your hard drive To download data with an Interface Box l Connect the Hawk 9000 to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and laptop as described in To connect the Hawk 9000 surface box on page 17 Click Dump In the dialog box that appears type Y to stop the Hawk 9000 sampling The Reprogram light appears on the face of the box and the Hawk 9000 goes to sleep to conserve power If you type N then the Hawk 9000 will resume sampling after the interface box is disconnected and you will lose the data collected while the Interface Box is plugged in 53 54 STOP SAMPLING DO YOU WANT TO HAVE THE SURFACEBOX STOP SAMPLING Y OR N Hawk 9000 Sampling 3 In the Save dialog box type the file name you want to use If
57. a file with that name already exists you can choose to overwrite the existing file or choose a new file name The time the Hawk 9000 was started appears You can use this time by choosing Y or you can enter your own time by selecting N This will be used by the software as the time that the Hawk 9000 was started Surface Box Start Time June 3 2004 16 14 00 is the Start time the surface box shows Do you want to use this timefY or N Hawk 9000 Start Time 5 The recorder will start uploading the binary raw data to the computer You will see the samples counting down in the message window After all of the samples have downloaded the program will begin to compensate the binary data In the Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data to plot on the left and right axes Select the axis to plot from the Available list and click the arrow buttons to move the selected data to the appropriate axis Select Data For Output PLOT ON LEFT AXIS AVAILABLE TO PLOT PLOT ON RIGHT AXIS 9725 Pressure KPAG EEE ee 9725 Int Temperature C PLOT DATA Select Output Data 7 Click Plot Data The program will plot the channel you select 55 56 Chapter 7 Recompensating Data This option allows you to compensate an existing binary file manually For example you might want to manually recompensate a binary file that was sent to you by modem or e mail To manually recompensate data 1 Onthe Recomp
58. acture its gauges Interface Box Cal Scan s communication device that interfaces with its downhole and surface gauge tools and your computer Also called the Dump Box or USB amp Serial Cable Box 205 206 Kapton tape A heat stable adhesive tape used with the SRO Unit kbps Data transfer rate Kilobytes per second kPaa Kilopascals absolute gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure kPag Kilopascals gauge LCD Liquid Crystal Display The part of the unit that displays numbers messages and icons such as a battery warning image LED Light Emitting Diode A red light that flashes to indicate the equipment is active Lemo connector A connector commonly used to communicate with computers Lemo connectors usually have six pins or prongs male end which make contact with six holes female end to communicate Ma Milliampere Main Screen The home page of Calwin memory card slot The slot in Cal Scan s Hawk 9000 Surface Gauge Box and Gopher E Line Surface Readout Box that holds a multimedia card for downloading gauge data in hazardous locations MMC Multimedia card Mole Cal Scan s silicon strain downhole gauge that measures internal pressures and temperatures at aone second sample rate multimedia card A computer card that is inserted into Cal Scan s Hawk 9000 Surface Gauge Box and Gopher E Line Surface Readout Box to safely download gauge data in hazardous locations Later you can download the data
59. acturers In 1998 Cal Scan started developing their own tools to provide better accuracy lower power consumption and improved dependability Cal Scan Services Ltd sells globally Their tools are used in many of the major oil fields of the world Saudi Arabia Texas Gulf of Mexico Malaysia Australia Venezuela China and of course at home in Northern Alberta Programming Reference Chapter 1 Introduction to Calwin This part of the guide describes Cal Scan s Calwin software and its use with downhole gauges surface gauges and surface readout tools to download and display data About Calwin The Calwin program works with Cal Scan s USB amp Serial Interface Box to communicate with downhole gauges and surface boxes Calwin allows you to program gauges download information from any of Cal Scan s recorders and view the information in graph and tabular form You must download Calwin to your computer in order for you use it You can install the program from Cal Scan s web site or from a CD ROM USB amp Serial Cable Interface Box Once you have installed Calwin on your laptop you will connect the USB amp Serial Interface Box to the gauge and your laptop This enables Calwin to communicate with the recorder so you can program the sampling rate and download information The USB amp Serial box is also called the Dump Box or the Interface Box Instructions for connecting gauges to your computer through the Interface
60. al Port COMS MR Processors 0 Sound video and game controllers 4 1 System devices 2 Universal Serial Bus controllers Intel r 82801BA BAM USB Universal Host Controller 2442 Intel r 82801BA BAM USB Universal Host Controller 2444 USB High Speed Serial Converter USB Root Hub USB Root Hub 3 5 E amp E E Device Manager 4 Lookfor USB Serial Port COM portnumber If there is a yellow exclamation mark next to it right click the port and click Uninstall If a warning message appears click OK 5 Expand Universal Serial Bus controllers by clicking the next to the folder Look for USB High Speed Serial Converter If there is a yellow exclamation mark next to it right click it and click Uninstall If a warning message appears click OK 6 Unplug the Interface Box wait five seconds then plug it in again The New Hardware Wizard should appear Proceed with To install USB drivers for the Interface Box on page 195 200 Glossary Of Terms absolute pressure Pressure relative to a perfect vacuum It is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure AC Alternating current AC adapter A power pack that enables you to adapt a device that uses direct current to alternating current advanced filter A feature in Calwin that enables you to reduce data by eliminating some of the samples For example select every third sample unless the pressure changes by an amount
61. al settings of the gauges Configuration See Viewing the Configuration Screen on page 92 E mail Setup File Tools See File Tools on page 91 Turbine Tools See Setting up Turbines on page 38 13 14 Chapter 3 Connecting Tools to Calwin To access the data collected by downhole gauges or surface boxes you must connect to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and your computer Before you connect you should test the battery in the gauge to ensure that it is functioning correctly Connecting the Downhole Gauge To connect the downhole gauge you will need the following e Badger Mole or Wolverine gauge e USB amp Serial Interface Box Interface Box also called the Dump Box e A USB cable or a serial cable e Computer Note Insert a 9 volt battery into the back of the Interface Box when using a serial cable To connect a downhole gauge to your computer and Interface Box 1 Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the USB or serial port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into back of the Interface Box when using a serial cable 2 Line up and attach the gray Interface Box cable to the top of the gauge 15 Ensure that the red LED light emitting diode on the face of the Interface Box flashes 4 short signals to indicate that it is active If the LED flashes 4 short signals you are now ready to communicate with the recorde
62. alue significantly over long periods of time This option ensures that you do not lose important data by keeping data points that show major changes 77 To export compensated data to filtered ASCII 1 On the File menu point to Export ASCII File and click Advanced ASCII 2 A dialog appears that displays all of the compensated files in your data folder which is usually C PRESSURE DATA If necessary browse to and select the appropriate directory Choose the file you want to make an ASCI file for and click Open 3 Inthe Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data that you want to include Select the data channel from the Available column and then click the arrow button to move it to the Items for ASCH box Select Data For Output AVAILABLE FOR ASCII ITEMS FOR ASCII Make ASCII Select Data for Output 4 Inthe Appearance area choose the time and date formats and the decimal precision a ASCII Output Format e Delta Time time relative to the specified start time Date Real Time the date plus the actual calendar time 78 Date Real Time Delta Time the date actual time and relative time Date Format e DDIMM YYYY e MM DD YYYY e YYYY MM DD ASCII Header If you have configured headers as described in Headers on page 61 you can insert this information into the ASCII output Standard None ASCII Delimiter the character used to separate fields in the exported file
63. any sample rate for up to a year using a single 3 6 V Lithium C Cell Depending on the box configuration you can collect up to 348 000 samples per pressure channel or up to 270 000 with the external RTD If you need to collect more samples more memory can be added 103 104 You can set the display to be always on always off or to shut itself off after a programmed time interval If the display is set up to turn itself off it can be turned back on by pressing the button on the outside of the box Display units kPag or pSig can be set at time of programming For added security you can set a password to prevent unauthorized downloading or reprogramming of the unit Hawk 9000 is fully CSA and UL approved for use at hazardous sites The built in SD multimedia card MMC similar to the ones used in digital cameras allows you to download data without a laptop These cards are fully approved to be used in hazardous locations you do not need to perform a sniff check for explosive gas as you would with a laptop Cal Scan can also custom design surface gauge boxes to meet your needs A wireless communication board allows monitoring and downloading without connecting to a communication box Hawk 9000 Safety Approvals Standard Box with Multimedia Card Div 1 Class 1 Group A B C D CSA UL With 4 20mA and or External RTD Div Class 1 Group A B C D CSA UL With I O Expansion Card Div 1 Class 1 Group A B C D CSA UL With RS 485 Exter
64. are eliminated There are disadvantages of termination e Increases load on the drivers e Increases installation complexity e Changes biasing requirements e Makes system modification more difficult Normally the Hawk 9000 does not need termination You should consider the cable length and data rate used by the system when deciding whether to use termination Generally if the propagation delay of the data line is much less than one bit width termination is not needed This rule assumes that reflections will damp out in several trips up and down the data line Since the receiving UART will sample the data in the middle of the bit it is important that the signal level be solid at that point For example in a system with 2000 feet of data line the propagation delay can be calculated by multiplying the cable length by the propagation velocity of the cable This value typically 66 to 75 of the speed of light c is specified by the cable manufacturer For example a round trip covers 4000 feet of cable Using a propagation velocity of 0 66 x c one round trip is completed in approximately 6 2 us If we assume the reflections will damp out in three round trips up and down the cable length the signal will stabilize 18 6 us after the leading edge of a bit At 9600 baud one bit is 104 us wide Since the reflections are damped out much before the center of the bit termination is not required Connecting to a Full Duplex Interface Devi
65. ary e Testing the battery e Installing the battery and verifying its operation e Rumning the gauge Guidelines for a Successful Downhole Test To run a downhole test successfully you must ensure that the gauge is undamaged and runs properly and that the data collected is valid Otherwise you must determine what problems occurred during data collection so you can interpret the data appropriately Cal Scan s gauges while designed to withstand vertical shock do not tolerate side impact Although you may want to save time by lowering gauges down the hole as quickly as possible line speeds greater than 150 feet per minute can lead to impact with the sides of the pipe and damage to the tool You must test the battery each time you run a test especially if you are using a new one High temperature lithium ion batteries can oxide passification film which decreases the voltage Passification can cause the gauge to stop working 107 In sub room temperature the battery will need to be warmed for best performance See Testing the Downhole Tool Battery on page 120 for information about testing and verifying battery operation Check that O rings are intact and the correct type before running tests These prevent well fluids from entering the gauge and damaging the sensitive instruments inside O ring failure can lead to data loss and expensive repairs The pressure sensor is much less resistant to chemicals than the body of t
66. ast changing temperature transients so the data can be used effectively Badger Tri Tool 99 100 Badger Tri Tool Specifications Pressure Accuracy 0 024 Full Scale Pressure Resolution 0 0003 Full Scale Pressure Drift lt 3 psi Year Pressure Ranges Temperature Accuracy Various up to 15 000 psi 15 Full Scale Temperature Resolution 002 Full Scale Temperature Response 17 Seconds 90 of 0 C to 100 C Operating Temperature Up to 150 C Power Requirements volts 3 3 VDC Power Requirements battery life 1 AA Lithium Cell Year Number of Data Points 348 000 Sets Expandable Minimum Sample Rate Housing Material 1 Sample Second 8 INCONEL Standard Housing Diameter 0 75 and 1 25 Inches Housing Length 0 75 Inch Recorder 2 and 20 Inches Housing Length 1 25 Inch Recorder 22 Inches Transducer Type Silicon Crystal Communications RS 232 Via Communication Box Software Windows 95 98 2000 XP About Wolverine Quartz Gauge The Wolverine has the same usability of our Badger and Mole tools but with 10 times better stability and resolution than the typical strain gauge This improved performance increases the sample rate to 1 10th of a second yet with the same accuracy as Badger and Mole This allows you to capture fast pressure pulses for example in fracing that other downhole recorders would miss The Wolverine works with the i
67. awk 9000 for many different types of production tests The following example sets up a flow test for a device with one turbine To program Hawk 9000 for production testing example 1 Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the appropriate port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into the Interface Box when using a serial cable 2 Line up and attach the gray Interface Box 6 pin Lemo cable to the face of Hawk 9000 surface box 3 Open Calwin On the Program menu click Program Tool If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the data 147 4 The Surface Box Setup dialog box opens Configure the flow calculation by doing the following a Inthe Flow Calculations area click On Note that the channel selections become locked to STATIC and METER b In the Flow Method area click Orifice Diff c From the Gas Flow Unit list choose the appropriate standard unit This unit controls for temperature and pressure to ensure that each unit of gas is consistent in density d From the Compressibility Type list choose Standard Surface Box Setup Display Options Password Protection Communication Pressure Units Temperature Units Liquid Flow Units PASSWORD ON KPAG EA CELSIUS S el eb awav
68. blems can result when installing Calwin due to the following e The computer battery is weak Recharge the battery and try again e nternet connection was interrupted during download Check your internet connection e Other programs running Close all other programs before installing e There is a gauge attached to your computer Remove attached gauges e If you have installed Calwin but other users cannot use it you may not have installed Calwin while logged on to your computer as an administrator Ensure that you have administrator permissions or contact your system administrator File Location Extensions and Folders Calwin is designed to work with the Windows Operating System on your computer The Calwin operating files are usually stored in your Windows Directory C PROGRAM FILES Cal Scan SERVICES LTD Calwin It can be helpful to create folders in your Windows Directory to store the files you create For example you may want to create a folder for each oil well company or project to organize your data and reports When you download recorded data from Cal Scan s gauges the computer stores the information in a file in your Windows Directory Each file has a file extension such as prg at the end of the file name The extension tells you what type of file it is In this case the prg tells you that this particular file is a program file C PROGRAM FILES Cal Scan SERVICES LTD Calwin Contains Calwin2002 exe Thi
69. breaks down you should clean the tools and replace the grease regularly Pigtails are oil filled wire device attached to the base of quartz gauges Labyrinth oil traps are similar but are less commonly used Screens with lubricating grease are often placed between the transducer and the bullet top in Badger and Mole gauges Grease placed directly on the transducer surface Ammonia in the transducer compartment neutralizes acids Bombwells are fluid filled tubes that you can place over gauges 133 134 Chapter 13 Standard Hawk 9000 Setup Setting up Hawk 9000 consists of the following tasks e Programming the sample rate and test duration for the types of data that you want to collect e Starting the data collection Hawk 9000 can be used to gather pressure and temperature data for a number of tests In this chapter we will describe the most common applications of the surface box extended buildup hydrostatic flow proving and production testing Programming Hawk 9000 is usually accomplished off site using a USB amp Serial Interface Box and Calwin software Note that you should not use the Interface Box in situations where explosive or flammable gases are present due to risk of sparking Program the Hawk 9000 at a safe location before installing it on site or use Cal Scan s Raven interface box You can also program Hawk 9000 to receive data transmitted by a downhole tool as described in Setting Up Surface Read
70. can enter the sample rate in seconds minutes or hours In order to program the gauge for an extended test you will need to provide the following information Note Sample Rate This is typically 30 seconds but the rate depends on the type of test that you want to run Usually the reservoir engineer will specify the rate Multiple sample rates are generally not needed since Cal Scan s tools can record well over 600 000 sample points You can filter the data later if you do not need to view all of the data Expected downhole temperature This allows Calwin to calculate the expected current draw on the battery over the duration of the test If you do not know the temperature then enter 150 C the maximum temperature in which the gauge will run Calwin will calculate the worst possible current draw Test duration This is used with the temperature to determine the number of amp hours of battery capacity that will be needed for the test Calwin always programs the first 13 readings at a5 second rate even if you program the gauge for 30 seconds or some other rate This enables you to see the last 4 LED flashes on the Interface Box immediately after you plug in the battery rather than waiting for the specified interval to pass To program a gauge for an extended test l Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the USB or serial port on your computer Remember
71. cent wrench to hand tighten Downhole Gauge Operational Precautions 132 Cal Scan s gauges are made to withstand considerable mechanical and chemical attack However the internal components including the transducer are sensitive You should take precautions to ensure that these components are protected against damage The sensor and O rings are susceptible to degradation by chemical agents You can prevent this by inspecting and replacing the O rings regularly and by using the methods described in the following sections Preventing Mechanical Shock Downhole gauges are designed to tolerate considerable mechanical shock to their ends but gauges are more susceptible to damage caused by shock from the sides of the gauge Smaller gauges are particularly sensitive to side shock since the small diameter does not allow space for much internal shock protection You should limit line speed to 100 or 150 feet per minute to reduce the chance of side shock Protecting the Transducer If the well contains H S or other corrosive chemicals you should protect the gauge transducer from direct contact with the well fluid The barrel of the gauges themselves are made of 718 or equivalent INCONEL which is largely impervious to chemical damage Bombwells are not usually necessary Most of these methods use lubricating grease to prevent corrosive agents from coming into direct contact with the sensitive components Because grease eventually
72. ces configured for four wire communications bring out A and B connections for both the transmit and the receive pairs You can connect the transmit lines to the receive lines to create a two wire configuration The latter type device provides the most configuration flexibility Note that the signal ground line should also be connected in the system This connection is necessary to keep the Vcm common mode voltage at the receiver within a safe range The interface circuit may operate without the signal ground connection but may sacrifice reliability and noise immunity The Modbus Protocol Modicon developed the Modbus Protocol in 1979 to establish master slave client server communication between intelligent devices It is the most widely used network protocol in the industrial manufacturing environment This is a brief description of the Modbus protocol If you are writing a Modbus master interface from scratch read Modbus Application Protocol v1 from www modbus org for complete information Modbus Data Encoding For addresses and data items Modbus sends the most significant byte first when a numerical quantity larger than a single byte is transmitted For example Register size Value 16 bit 0x1234 The first byte sent is 0x12 then 0x34 169 170 Modbus Data Model Modbus bases its data model on a series of tables that have distinguishing characteristics The four primary tables are Primar
73. damaged gauge can cause a calibration error to occur when you are recompensating a bin file When this happens you will need to use the Insert Calibration feature to insert a new calibration from C PRESSURE CALB into the gauge Calwin automatically saves the calibration of each new gauge it comes in contact with The calibration files are saved in C PRESSURE CALB On older gauges you will need to manually save the calibration for each gauge See Downloading Recorder Calibration for more information on this process 84 To insert recorder calibration 1 On the Tool Options menu point to Recorder Tools and click Insert Calibration In the dialog box that appears confirm that you want to continue by typing Y and clicking OK Insert Calibration Confirm 2 The calibration is updated Getting Hours On Tool Cal Scan gauges automatically record the number of hours the gauges have been running The Get Hours on Tool feature displays the number of hours that the gauge has been used Note The hours on the gauge can only be reset by a Cal Scan representative To view the hours on a tool 1 Onthe Tool Options menu point to Recorder Tools and click Get Hours on Tool 2 The number of hours appears in the message window 85 Sampling to Terminal This feature allows you to monitor the samples the gauge is collecting If you suspect that the gauge is not operating correctly you can view the samples by select
74. dio enables radio mode Multiple unit allows you to view and configure any of the devices on your network if you have a number of gauges set up Gauge Pressure Correction The value you type into this box will be subtracted from the absolute pressure when viewing pressure in gauge For example at an elevation of 2000 feet above see level you would enter 93 kPa 93 e Date format ASCII output formats e Auto Zero sets all negative values to 0 e File splitting sets your preferences for splitting files You can set Calwin to divide the downloaded data whenever the battery was disconnected and reconnected e Language Setting Up Com Ports 94 Com ports are the communication ports on the back of your computer that allow you to connect devices such as your mouse or the Interface Box Each com port can accommodate only one device In most circumstances your computer should automatically detect the Interface Box but you may occasionally need to manually set the Com port when using a serial connection To set up Com ports 1 On the Diagnostics menu click Set Up Com Port Calwin automatically establishes which port the Interface Box should use given the other devices you have connected to your computer 2 To check which Com port the Interface Box is using on the Diagnostics menu click Configuration If necessary you can change the port number and click OK Operation Guide 96 Chapter 11 Introduction to Gauge
75. e Line up and attach the gray Interface Box cable to the top of the gauge Downloading data 3 The red LED light emitting diode on the face of the Interface Box flashes four short signals two flashes for 7 pin quartz gauges to indicate that it is active If the Interface Box LED does not flash these signals do not run the recorder Disconnect the cables and try again until you see the LED flashes Open Calwin Click Dump In the Enter File Name dialog box type a name for the file and click OK If a file with that name already exists you can choose to overwrite the existing file or choose a new file name 125 126 ENTER FILE NAME Type the output data bin file which will be placed in the data directory File Name 5 In the Enter Start Date dialog box type the start date and time for the recorder This is the time of the fifth blink of the battery LED when the battery was first plugged into the gauge as described in Plugging the Battery into the Downhole Tool on page 122 ENTER START DATE MM DD YYYY HH MM SS Start Time 6 The recorder will start uploading the binary raw data to the computer You will see the samples counting down in the message window After all of the samples have downloaded the program will begin to compensate the binary data that is it will use the raw data with the calibration information to create real values for example 150 psi at 23 A dialog box appears t
76. e differential pressure across the orifice plate gas composition and the gas flow temperature Flow provers vent the low pressure side to atmosphere or sent to flare This simplifies the test since a differential meter is not needed Instead the differential pressure is determined by using the static pressure and subtracting the average atmospheric pressure for that area To ensure accuracy it is important to keep the static pressure greater than twice atmospheric pressure otherwise changes in atmospheric pressure will affect the test results To program flow proving you will need the external RTD to collect the temperature of the gas and one pressure sensor to measure the upstream static pressure To program Hawk 9000 for flow proving l Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the appropriate port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into the Interface Box when using a serial cable Line up and attach the gray Interface Box 6 pin Lemo cable to the face of Hawk 9000 surface box Open Calwin On the Program menu click Program Tool If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the data The Surface Box Setup dialog box opens a Select the pressure and External RTD channels b Inthe
77. e gas becomes more dense as temperature decreases T 15 273 16 _ 288 16 Lo Var Masae 31316 9 You can then combine the formulae for standard pressure and temperature into one PLT V V S ap T Supercompressibility Unfortunately simple gas laws do not account for actual experimental results As pressure increases hydrocarbon gas volume decreases more than predicted To correct these errors an experimentally determined supercompressibility factor Z is used You will need to know the composition of the gas mixture when calculating supercompressibility A number of formulae have been developed to correct for errors in calculating standard units at high temperature or pressure Hawk 9000 uses the American Gas Association Report 8 AGA8 92 formulas These formulae calculate the supercompressibility for most combinations of hydrocarbons Measuring Static Pressure Flow rates and AGA gas compressibility are referenced to the upstream static pressure If you use downstream pressure you must add the differential pressure to the downstream pressure to convert the upstream pressure This results in a small error since both the differential and static pressure errors can affect the upstream pressure accuracy 189 Paper Chart Recorders Paper chart recorders are still the most common method to measure gas rate Because of their construction the static pressure needs to be plumbed in on the downstream side The chart it
78. e nennen nenn 189 Measuring Static Pressure ccccee cece eee eee e eee e ee nennen anne nen 189 Paper Chart Recorders ccceeeeee ee nennen nenne eee teense etna nn nenn 190 Meter RUNS 3 a een 190 Turndown Rati unsre ne 190 Measuring Gas Flow with Orifice Plates cccceeeeeeeeeeeees 190 Measuring Gas Flow with Turbines cccceeeee eee ee teense ee eee 192 Optical Flow Meters cccccece cece eee eee ennnn nun nn nennen nenn nen 193 Installing USB Drivers ooonccconncnnconcconannnnnnnnnns eee 195 USB Troubleshooting ccccece cece eee eee eee e ee nennen nenn anne nen 198 Glossary Of Terms uuannunnnannnnnnannnnunnannnannunnnnnnn a 2OL About Cal Scan Cal Scan Services Ltd is an oil field service company that manufactures and services surface and sub surface pressure recorders such as electronic gauges Located in Edmonton Alberta Cal Scan designs manufactures and calibrates downhole and surface oil field recorders Cal Scan can also customize any of its tools to suit your needs and provides custom reporting services for oil field sensors Founders Lloyd Carefoot Bill Chandler and Jack Hurford began providing custom reporting and calibration of oil field downhole sensors in 1995 With over 60 years combined experience in the oil and gas industry they soon developed a reputation for quick dependable service and calibrations that out performed the original manuf
79. ecting or determining the error of an existing scale or of evaluating one quantity in terms of readings of another Calwin Cal Scan s software program that interfaces with all of the company s downhole gauges surface gauge recorders and E Line Surface Readout tools 202 Com port A communication port on the back of your computer that allows you to connect your mouse the Interface Box and other devices to your computer Each com port can accommodate one device Com ports are NOT intended for use in hazardous locations configuration A feature in Calwin that enables you to view or change the gauge program delta time Measuring time relative to the start time regardless of the real time of day diagnostics A component of Calwin that enables you to set or change the initial settings for Cal Scan s gauges differential pressure The difference between cut in and cut out pressure of a control directory An entity in the Windows computer operating system that groups and stores files and folders There are several directories that store similar files For example C directory stores your computer hard drive files and A directory is designated for floppy disc files downhole gauge A memory gauge that is placed underground to record data relevant to pressures and temperatures download To transfer data or software from one file or computer system to another Also referred to as dumping dump box A communication device
80. ed Rate C SURFACE READ OUT SECONDS 0 Y EXIT 6 Set the time on the surface box by typing N and clicking OK The time used is the current time on the laptop TIME IS DIFFERENT Current surfacebox time is January 17 2005 10 54 04 this time is 1 seconds off from your computer Keep current surfacebox time Y or NJ Time is different 7 Do not unplug the gauge or shut off the Interface Box while the gauge is being programmed Once the new program settings appear it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box PROGRAM RATES Recorder 6313 Date ard Time Programmed 01 17 2005 11 09 41 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DID HH MM SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 30 120 21 20 00 348160 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 000 00 00 00 Programmed Duration 120 21 21 00 Total Duration Including Overrun 120 21 21 00 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Display Option Always Or Pressure Display Option kPas Temperature Display Option Celsius Password Option Off Channel i Pressure On Channel Name TUBING Channel 2 Pressure On Channel Name CASING Channel 3 External RTD Off Charrel 4 4 to 20ma Off Extended Test Finish 141 Flow Proving 142 One method of measuring gas production is to attach a small meter run and an orifice plate High Pressure Low Pressure Y Flow Proving You can determine the flow rate by measuring the static pressure upstream th
81. efore you can actually turn the unit on Refer to Programming the Hawk 9000 Surface Box on page 31 17 18 Chapter 4 Programming Gauges You can program gauges to collect data at a fixed rate or create a schedule of specific time periods with multirates Multiple sample rates are generally not needed since Cal Scan s tools can record well over 600 000 sample points You can filter the data later if you do not need to view all of the data Programming Downhole Tools Fixed Rate Fixed Rate is used to program the recorder to run at one sample rate until the memory is full You can enter the sample rate in seconds minutes or hours You will need to provide the following information e Sample Rate This is typically 30 seconds but the rate you choose will depend on the type of test that you want to run Usually the reservoir engineer will specify the rate e Expected downhole temperature This allows Calwin to calculate the expected current draw on the battery over the duration of the test If you do not know the temperature then enter the 150 C the maximum temperature at which the gauge will run Calwin will calculate the worst possible current draw e Test duration This is used with the temperature to determine the number of amp hours of battery capacity that will be needed for the test Note Calwin always programs the first 13 readings at a 5 second rate even if you program the gauge for 30 seconds or some other
82. emperature Click OK EXPECTED TEMPERATURE Enter expected downhole temperature DEG C Expected Temperature 7 Type the test duration Click OK EXPECTED LENGTH OF TEST Enter expected length of test in days Test Duration 8 Type the sample rate for example 30 seconds and then click Program Tool Do not unplug the gauge or shut off the Interface Box while the gauge is being programmed A message that shows the new program settings appears Once you see this message it 1s safe to disconnect the Interface Box Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 x SECONDS PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Fixed Rate Programming 9 After you have finished programming the gauge the program rates appear Verify that the settings are correct e Recorder the gauge serial number e Date and Time Programmed Sample Rate Duration and Samples for each test phase including the automatically programmed 13 samples at the beginning of the test Overrun rate which defaults to 30 seconds This is the rate at which the gauge will collect samples if it continues to run beyond the programmed duration 113 114 e Programmed duration the length of time that you have programmed the gauge to collect samples Number of samples used on recorder Temperature mode either high temperature or normal e Amp Hours required for the test duration a
83. ensate menu click Recompensate From Disk or press F9 If the binary file you want to compensate is on a multimedia card rather than on the computer insert the multimedia card MMC into the computer and click Recompensate From MMC 2 A File Open dialog appears that shows the binary files in your data folder If necessary browse to and select the appropriate location Choose the file you want to recompensate and click Open 3 If you are compensating from MMC do the following a The Rename File dialog box appears To rename the file type Y and click OK In the next dialog box type the new name and click OK Rename File Cancel Do you want to rename this filefY or N Enter new file name ee Great 7 MMCtest Rename file b The Erase File dialog box appears To clear the MMC type Y and click OK 57 58 ERASE FILE File was successfully copied to the hard drive Do you want to erase MMCtest bin from the MMC card Y or N Erase File c The Surface Box Start Time dialog box appears To use the time on the surface box type Y If you want to manually select a start time type N Click OK Surface Box Start Time July 24 2001 14 48 00 is the Start time the surface box ows Do you want to use this timefY or N Surface Box Start Time 4 If Calibration from Tool was enabled in the Configuration dialog box a window will display the serial number for the tool used in the test Check t
84. f Fractions Atmospheric 13 488 Update Update Detailed Gas Composition 37 8 To update orifice settings define the units gas parameters and orifice plate settings Click Update Update Orfice with MMC C Metric GAS PARAMETERS AGA Base Condition SITIES ORFICE PLATE SETTINGS Orfice Plate Diameter Meter Tube Diameter Specific Gravity LOCATION Upstream C Downstream TYPE Flange Tapped Orfice Plate Cc Update Orifice 9 The new settings are saved to the MMC You can now insert the card into the slot in the Hawk 9000 to update its settings The settings are updated automatically Setting up Turbines If your Hawk 9000 is set up with turbines you will need to load a configuration file appropriate for the turbine type 38 Depending on the type of turbine you are setting up you can choose from two options e Bi directional For turbines equipped with two pickups this option allows you to measure fluid flow in either direction The Hawk 9000 can collect data from up to two bi directional turbines maximum four turbine inputs e Filtering Each turbine input can measure the frequency of the turbine signal and allows measurement of two gas densities It can also separate two different densities for example if you are measuring liquids that occasionally has a burp of gas The gas causes the turbine to spin faster than normal causing the accumulation to be off By choosing the maxi
85. f gas As the gas flows through the orifice it expands as it loses pressure and accelerates The effect is similar to closing off the end of a water hose with your thumb as the water escapes past your thumb it loses pressure and sprays out During controlled testing it has been determined that this pressure drop is useful for calculating gas flow rate The flow rate is calculated by using the following information e Gas Density e Flow temperature e Upstream static pressure e Pressure drop across the orifice plate e Inside diameter of the meter run e Orifice plate diameter Orifice plates are precision machined to specifications described in AGA Gas Measurement Manual Part Three Because the flow rate calculations are based on empirical formulas following these specifications ensure that the flow calculations are accurate Typically orifice plate systems have a turn down ratio between 5 and 10 This ratio can be increased by using multiple orifice plates of different sizes Handle orifice plates carefully Nicks incorrect installation or damage can result in inaccurate flow rate measurements High Pressure Low Pressure E gt Orifice Plate 191 Measuring Gas Flow with Turbines 192 Gas turbines measure gas flow by taking advantage of the fact that the faster a gas flows the faster it will cause a propeller will turn A precision cut steel impeller on low friction bearings pass a magnetic
86. from multimedia card into your computer at a safe location multimeter An electronic measuring instrument that combines several functions in one unit such as an ammeter voltmeter and ohmmeter NC Pin National Course NPT Connection National Pipe Thread A connection commonly used for pipes and pressure The thread is measured in centimeters or inches to indicate the size of the NPT connection Ohms The unit of electrical resistance equal to the resistance through which a current of 1 ampere will flow when there is potential difference of one volt across it Ohm s Law The relationship between current and voltage in a circuit current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance Expressed algebraically in DC circuits I E R in AC circuits I E Z orifice Accurate size opening as in an orifice plate for controlling fluid flow overwrite To replace the existing data in a file with new data When you overwrite the data in a file you destroy it passification film A film that forms around lithium batteries when they are cold or have been stagnant for any period of time 207 208 pressure The force exerted by a liquid or gas per unit of area usually measured in pounds per square inch psi pressure gauge Instrument for measuring pressure multirate Program that schedules the gauge to run up to 15 different sample rates during a particular test psi Pounds per square inch Psia Pou
87. hat allows you to choose information to plot Proceed to Creating Simple Graphs for information about graphing the data Creating Simple Graphs After you finish downloading data from the gauge Calwin automatically presents you with the option to graph the downloaded data You can also view previously downloaded data in graph format by selecting a saved data file To do this on the Presentation menu click Graph Data to Screen and Printer To create a graph 1 The Select Data for Output dialog box automatically appears after downloading data 2 Inthe Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data to plot on the left and right axes Select the axis to plot from the Available list and click the arrow buttons to move the selected data to the appropriate axis Each axis can plot one unit only Select Data For Output PLOT ON LEFT AXIS AVAILABLE TO PLOT PLOT ON RIGHT AXIS 9725 Pressure KPAG WR i 9725 Int Temperature C PLOT DATA Select Output Data 3 Click Plot Data The data appears on the plot 127 Viewing Data in Table View The table view displays the data from a recorder in tabular format To view data in table view 1 On the Presentation menu click View Table 2 Inthe Select cmp File dialog box select the file you want to view and click OK W View Data DER Exit Print Serial Number ATEN prsssureidataitesting emp Page Up Page Down Up Arrow Down Arrow Ho
88. he gauge During long tests or when well fluids may be corrosive you will need to protect the sensor itself See Protecting the Transducer on page 132 for information about protection methods Testing the Gauge Before Downhole Tests Despite your best efforts sometimes the test will go wrong Fortunately you can follow certain procedures to ensure that even in the event of a problem you can still use the data collected during a test or at least narrow down the possible causes of the problem Before running any test start an end test by exposing the pressor sensor to atmosphere for at least ten samples Atmospheric pressure is fairly stable and so serves as a good reference against which you can test the gauge measurement A failing gauge sensor will produce a reading well beyond the normal atmospheric pressure A normal atmospheric reading indicates that the gauge is operating properly and data collected will be likely to be correct Downhole Extended Test 108 In most well tests a limited amount of fluid is allowed to flow from the formation being tested The formation is isolated behind cemented casing and perforated at the formation depth or the formation is straddled by a pair of packers that isolate the formation in openhole The pressure at the formation is monitored over time The formation is then closed or shut in and the pressure is monitored at the formation while the fluid within the formation equilibrates A
89. he serial number and type the correct number if necessary Click OK SERIAL NUMBER SERIAL NUMBER OF RECORDER IS 9725 ENTER OR INPUT NEW SERIAL NUMBER TO COMPENSATE WIT Enter Serial Number 5 In the Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data to plot on the left and right axes Select the axis to plot from the Available list and click the arrow buttons to move the selected data to the appropriate axis Select Data For Output PLOT ON LEFT AXIS AVAILABLE TO PLOT PLOT ON RIGHT AXIS 9725 Pressure KPAG EEE ee 9725 Int Temperature C PLOT DATA Select Output Data 6 Click Plot Data The recompensated data appears on the plot 59 60 Chapter 8 Presenting and Viewing Data After you have downloaded the data you can view it in table or graph format Headers Headers contain information about your company which can then be inserted into your reports There are a number of features that you can choose when you enable headers You can also import information from a header that is already saved on the computer For example to save time you can complete the header form while the test is running and save it to your Temp files Then after you download data from the gauge you can import the header file from your Temp files Note that you can save up to three lines in the address section of the header form To set header options 1 Enable headers On the Presentation menu click Test I
90. he surface box to correctly display the transmitted values In order to ensure that the raw data is correctly compensated you must use the correct calibration file from the downhole gauge The calibration file for the downhole gauge is automatically uploaded to your computer after you program the downhole gauge Programming Fixed Rate for SRO When you program for SRO mode you must program the downhole tool first and then set up the SRO Box This is because the calibration file is stored in the SRO Box for that particular tool This ensures that the data appears on the surface device with the correct temperature and pressure It also allows the data to be downloaded from the SRO box with all the information needed to compensate the bin file as if it was a downhole tool As a result you must reprogram the surface box if you change the downhole gauge since the existing calibration will be incorrect for the new tool and the data will be wrong in the SRO Box To program a gauge for SRO mode 1 Connect the gauge as described in To program a gauge for an extended test on page 110 On the Program menu click Program Tools Select the program type Surface Read Out Program the tool as usual 123 w Fixed Rate Programming FIXED RATE MULTI RATE FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 r SECONDS 0 M PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Programming SRO mode 2 Disconnect the downhole gauge and connect the surface box or E line Gopher On
91. he temperature mode To run the gauge in high temperature mode type H otherwise type N Click OK Note When you choose high temperature mode a warning appears because battery consumption is higher in this mode Type Y to confirm your choice and click OK High Temp or Normal Temp Mode This is a HIGH TEMPERATURE TOOL So you wert eto af HIGH TEMPfover 150 DEG C 302 DEG F NORMAL TEMP below 150 DEG C 302 DEG F High or N ormal I Temperature mode 3 Type the expected temperature Click OK EXPECTED TEMPERATURE Enter expected downhole temperature DEG C 50 Expected Temperature 4 Type the test duration Click OK EXPECTED LENGTH OF TEST Enter expected length of test in days Cancel m Test Duration 5 The Program Rates dialog box appears Click Multirate Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE SURFACE READ OUT HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 M SECONDS 0 lt PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Program Rates 6 To begin selecting the sample rates select the checkbox beside a row for example Select 1 25 26 Program Sample Rates C FIXED RATE te MULTI RATE SURFACE READ OUT MULTI RATE V Select 1 Select 2 F Select 3 F Select 4 F Select 5 I Select 6 I Select 7 F Selects F Select 9 F Select 10 F Select 11 IF Select 12 F Select 13 F Select 14 Select 15 SAMPLE RATE DURATION HOURS MINUTES SECONDS HOURS MINUTES SAMPLES USED 0 10 1 z jo al 360
92. i so that if you have a cubic foot of gas at 45 psi you would convert the volume to what it would be if the pressure was at 15 psi This can be expressed by the following formula where V is the volume and P is the pressure V standard Pactual V actual P standard or P V _ cata ae S Using the equation you can convert the 1 cubic foot of gas at 45 psi to its standard equivalent at 15 psi 45 1 15psi The standard pressure normally used in trade is 14 73 psi or 101 kPa S Standard Temperature Temperature must also be standardized when measuring gas Gases expand as the temperature increases and becomes less dense much like the air in a hot air balloon The decreased density less air inside of the heated air is what causes the balloon to float Similarly as temperature drops the volume also decreases Ir tolaning formula uses standardized temperature of 15 C or 60 F s_ s Va Ta or T V VF a To use this formula you need to convert the temperature to an absolute scale such as in degrees Kelvin or Rankine At zero degrees in these scales all atomic motion stops the coldest possible temperature To convert to an absolute scale add 459 67 to the temperature in Fahrenheit or 273 16 to the temperature in Celsius For example to convert the cubic foot of gas at 40 C to standard units at 15 C you first convert the temperature to degrees Kelvin The volume is smaller at the lower temperature sinc
93. ile menu point to Save Header to bin files and click one of the following 62 e Top Bin File The header will be imported into the file and the program will take a half metre off the top gauge gradient depths e Bottom Bin File The header will be imported into your file and the program will retain the bottom gauge depths that you specified Importing Header Information If you have previously saved a header you can import the information from the saved file You can also retrieve header information from an existing binary file if you have applied header information to it To import a header l 2 From the Presentation menu click Test Information On the File menu point to Import Header and click either Import from Bin File or Import from Temp File A list of the files in the bin directory appears From the Select Bin File list choose the file to import and click OK Graphing Data Graphing options allow you to graph pressure and temperature over time To create a graph 1 2 On the Presentation menu click View Graph or press F2 A dialog box opens showing the compensated files in your data folder Select the file you want to graph and click Open In the Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data to plot on the left and right axes Select the data to plot from the Available list and click the arrow buttons to move the selected data to the appropriate axis 63 64 Select Data For Out
94. ine and click OK b On the File menu click Save c On the File menu click Exit 40 Turbine 1 Update File TURBINE INFO Serial Number 1021 38 Calibration Date 2004 01 01 Manufacturer Turbines inc Pickup Mode LD Output Type VRS Turbine Type LIQUID Description y View Calibration TURBINE SETTINGS Turbine Update 4 Finish configuring the rest of the Hawk 9000 settings as described in To set up the Hawk 9000 surface box on page 31 Creating and Editing Turbine Calibrations In order to configure turbine settings for the Hawk 9000 you will need to create and save an appropriate calibration file for the turbine type that you will be using There are some specific settings that you must enter when configuring the Hawk 9000 equipped with a turbine e Serial number This is marked on the outside of every turbine The serial number is used as the file name of the calibration file e Calibration date This is an easy way to keep track of the last date of calibration to determine when the calibration should be checked next 41 e _ Uni or Bi directional Turbines can be designed to either measure flow in only one direction or to measure flow in both directions This is usually indicated on the outside of the turbine by an arrow Hawk 9000 can be used to measure flow separately in both directions with bidirectional turbines e Turbine type Each turbine is calibrated to measure one o
95. ing Sample to Terminal This is particularly useful for downhole gauges where there is no LCD display To view samples on the terminal 1 On the Tool Options menu point to Recorder Tools and click Sample to Terminal The pressure and temperature will be displayed as the gauge is sampling gt SAMPLE TO TERMINAL DAR TRANSDUCER TYPE s L concrysta aa Temperature Red SERIAL NUMBER 9725 O 4376000 8259730 4375900 RAW PRESSURE 8259727 Ti 8259725 4375800 RAW TEMPERATURE 4375933 825 375700 59720 437 0 0000 002 0 0040 006 0 0080 010 PRESSURE Lg 97371 0 000 0 002 0 004 0 006 0 008 0 010 0 03 TEMPERATURE 23 4035 23 400 23 390 23 380 23 370 TIME 10 24 35 DONE Sample to Terminal 2 When you are finished observing the samples click Done 86 Downloading Recorder Calibration The Download Calibration feature is used to download the calibration from the gauge into C PRESSURE CALB If a calibration error occurs you can download the calibration back onto the gauge and resume recompensation A low battery or a damaged gauge can cause a calibration error when you are recompensating a bin file Calwin automatically creates a calibration file for each new gauge it comes in contact with These files are stored in C PRESSURE CALB If you see a calibration error you know you have an older gauge To download a recorder calibration file 1 On the Tool Options menu point to Reco
96. iption r hex 1028 Future TEEE Reserved if read value 0 0 0x78 Float 1030 Future3 IEEE Reserved if read value 0 0 0x7A Float 1032 Future4 IEEE Reserved if read value 0 0 0x7C Float 1034 Future5 IEEE Reserved if read value 0 0 Ox7E Float 1035 Future6 IEEE Reserved if read value 0 0 0x80 Float Modbus Holding Register List 03 16 By writing to record 100 using the Write Holding Registers 16 0x10 command Hawk 9000 will look for the closest record in the flash memory for that time That record can be accessed from Address 1000 in the holding registers as shown in the following table If the time falls between samples it will find the next largest record If the time is before the oldest record the oldest record will be found If it is close to the newest record the newest record will be found The date can be confirmed when reading the RTU time stamp from the flash input registers Hawk 9000 Flash Record Input Registers Register Name Format Description hex 100 FlashRecordDate 32 Bit Setting this value with the time in seconds since 0x64 Jan 1 1990 00 00 causes the unit to search its internal memory for a record stored in Flash CSA Intrinsically Safe Installation Permanent IS CSA UL certification is pending These are the expected installation requirements if running permanent Hawk 9000 off of instrumentation power Use in Hazardous Locations
97. is January 17 2005 10 54 04 this time is 1 seconds off from your computer Keep current surfacebox time Y or N Time is different 7 Do not unplug the gauge or shut off the Interface Box while the gauge is being programmed A message that shows the new program settings appears Once you see this message it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box Hydrostatic Test 138 The hydrostatic test can detect leaks in a pipe by monitoring fluid pressure changes To conduct this test the pipe is filled with a fluid usually water and the internal pressure and temperature is recorded for a period of time By examining the pattern of pressure changes and compensating for any changes due to fluid expansion caused by temperature changes you can determine if the pipe is leaky Hawk 9000 is capable of recording pressure temperature at a resolution down to 0 1 kPa 0 015 psi Hawk 9000 s built in data logging makes it ideal for hydrostatic pipeline testing To program the Hawk 9000 for hydrostatic testing you will need to collect data from internal temperature and pressure channels and set an appropriate sample rate To program Hawk 9000 for a hydrostatic test 1 Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the appropriate port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into the Interface Box when using a serial cable 2 Line up and attach the g
98. lected in the surface box setup b Atmospheric pressure c Orifice Plate Diameter and Meter Tube Diameter d If you selected Standard compressibility type type the expected Specific Gravity Nitrogen Carbon and HS If you do not know the exact composition use an average specific gravity value such as 0 65 e Click OK FLOW PROVER SETUP GAS PARAMETERS Specific Gravity CO2 lt 30 ORFICE PLATE SETTINGS N2 lt 50 Orfice Plate Diameter Meter Tube Diameter H2S lt 40 Atmospheric AGA Base Condition Flow Prover Setup Standard 6 Type the sample rate typically 30 seconds and then click Program Tool Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 M SECONDS 0 PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Fixed Rate 7 Set the time on the surface box by typing N and clicking OK The time used is the current time on the laptop 145 TIME IS DIFFERENT Current surfacebox time is January 17 2005 10 54 04 this time is 1 seconds off from your computer Keep current surfacebox time Y or NJ Time is different 8 Do not unplug the surface box or shut off the Interface Box while the box is being programmed A message that shows the new program settings appears Once you see this message it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box PROGRAM RATES Recorder 6313 Date and Time Programmed 01 17 2005 11 16 32 Sample Rate Du
99. ly with the Fieldbus standard Compatible cable can be obtained from BELDEN WIRE amp CABLE COMPANY 2200 U S Highway 27 South Richmond IN 47374 USA Tel 888 235 3368 Fax 765 983 5536 http www belden com Wire Type RS 485 FieldBus Use the following wire or equivalent Div 1 Class 1 Fieldbus Cable Databus 3073F Twinax DataTray 600V Industrial Twinax Single pair AWG Stranding Type Insulation Insulation Shield Thickness 18 7x26 Tinned Copper Polyethylene 0 04100 Aluminum Foil Polyester Tape Braid Shield Jacket Jacket Nom Nom OD Nom Cond Nom Imp Nom Vel Nom Cap Thickness Core OD DCR Ohms M Ohms of Prop pF ft PVC 0 0530 0 2460 0 3880 5 800 100 0 64 5 17 500 184 Wire Type Power Use the following wire or equivalent UPower Cable Instrumentation Cable 1120A Paired 600 Volt Tray Cable Single Pair AWG Stranding Type Insulation Insulation Shield Thickness 18 7x26 Bare PVC Nylon 0 01600 Aluminum Foil Copper Polyester Tape Jacket Jacket Nom Nom OD Nom Cond DCR Nom Cap Thickness Core OD Ohms M pF ft PVC 0 0480 0 1820 0 2780 5 860 41 000 185 186 Appendix A Basic Gas Measurement Theory and Practice In production testing you are measuring the rate of production of any fluids produced by a well These are
100. me End F10toExit CROLL SAMPLE TIME SCROLL SAMPLE View Data 3 You can now perform a number of operations with the data as described in Printing Data on page 70 Exporting Data on page 75 and Merging Data on page 69 of the Calwin Reference Guide 128 Downhole Gauge Maintenance You should clean downhole tools after every test to remove debris and replace the lubricating grease around the transducer To clean a downhole gauge you will need the following Wrench Brush such as a soft paintbrush Varsol Lubricating grease if necessary WARNING IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO TOUCH OR MARK THE TRANSDUCER To clean downhole tools 1 2 Use a wrench to remove the crossover or bullet nose of the tool Remove the screen from the end of the tool and unscrew the disc that holds the transducer Carefully remove the teflon ring Do not touch the transducer Using a soft brush and Varsol degrease the base plug screen disc teflon ring and threads Gently clean around the transducer Allow parts to dry Add lubricating grease and then reassemble Install new O rings as appropriate to the well conditions Replacing Downhole Tool O Rings Replacing O rings is not usually necessary during normal operation This is usually done by Cal Scan technicians To replace the O rings on your tool you will need the following 129 130 Tweezers X acto knife cutter O ring lubrican
101. ming options to program the gauge to record the specific information you want Calwin prompts you at each step of the process to make programming the gauge easy Program Tools See Programming Gauges on page 19 Program SD MMC See Multimedia Card Options for Hawk 9000 on page 4 View Program on Tool See Viewing the Program on page 28 Calculate Battery Usage F8 opens a window that asks if you want program a fixed or multirate or view the gauge program Dump Menu The Dump command is used to download raw data from gauges You will need to dump the gauge to collect the data that the gauge has recorded See Downloading Data on page 51 F6 opens your data folder containing your cmp files so you can select a file to view in both calendar time and delta time Recompensate Menu The Recompensate options are used to compensate raw data that has already been dumped Since raw data is essentially a series of 1 s and 0 s it must be recalculated or reformatted from machine language so it can be understood by humans See Recompensating Data on page 57 Calwin automatically compensates your raw data when it is saved However you may need to manually recompensate raw data You might send or receive a binary file that needs to be manually recalculated You will also need to manually recompensate raw data if the gauge was damaged in the field since the serial number on the gauge may have became corrupted
102. mum expected flow rate Hawk 9000 can discard any flow rates that exceed this value This leads to a very accurate rate This filter rate can be used to separately accumulate each fluid liquid and gas rate 39 To configure turbine settings 1 Onthe Program menu click Program Tools The Surface Box Setup dialog box appears Surface Box Setup Display Options Display Units ALWAYSON X Pressure Temperature kpac fcersws Y Password Protection Communication Optional Well Information C PASSWORD ON Company Name joes Farm PASSWORD OFF UWlor LSD 123 458 Channel Selections IV Pressure 1 PULSED INPUT Fluid Media TUBING 1 v MW Pressure2 g Aa E Update W External RTD 1 i CHANNEL 4 v M 4to20ma 4 to 20 mA Range 0 to 72 18238 psi Update Flow Calculations Sampling Information Battery Voltage Select Gas Channel Name Fluid Media C off Gas FLOW NATURAL GAS y Minimum Sample Rate 3 Seconds 3531 6 Flow Method Supercompressibility Aakhe Simples 390677 m n ON C Flow Prover Orfice Diff Turbine Standard z de eee DONE Hawk 9000 Surface Box Setup 2 Select the check box that corresponds to the turbine that you are configuring and do the following a From the Fluid Media list choose the type of fluid such as OIL b Click Update 3 The Turbine Update dialog box opens Do the following a On the File menu click Open Choose the calibration file for the turb
103. n file which will be placed in the OK data directory _ox Cancel File Name 2 Inthe Enter Start Date dialog box type the start date and start time for the recorder This is the time that the battery was plugged into the gauge 51 ENTER START DATE MM DD YYYY HH MM SS Start Time 3 The recorder will start uploading the binary raw data to the computer You will see the samples counting down in the message window After all of the samples have downloaded you will see the samples counting down in the message window as they are compensating 4 In the Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data to plot on the left and right axes Select the axis to plot from the Available list and click the arrow buttons to move the selected data to the appropriate axis Select Data For Output PLOT ON LEFT AXIS AVAILABLE TO PLOT PLOT ON RIGHT AXIS 9725 Pressure KPAG eo ee A Ae AAA 9725 Int Temperature C PLOT DATA Select Output Data 52 Downloading Data from Hawk 9000 Note Do not use the serial port on the Hawk 9000 in hazardous locations Download the data from the Hawk 9000 with a multimedia card or the Raven interface box instead You may also do a sniff check and then download the Hawk 9000 data with the serial port but this is not recommended To download data with a multimedia card 1 Insert the multimedia card into the memory card slot on the face of the Hawk 9000
104. n Desktop Rename yo Search 7 Run All Programs gt 2 Log Off Turn Off Computer My Computer 198 2 System Properties opens On the Hardware tab click Device Manager System Properties System Restore Automatic Updates Remote General Computer Name Hardware Advanced Device Manager The Device Manager lists all the hardware devices installed lt on your computer Use the Device Manager to change the properties of any device Drivers ES Driver Signing lets you make sure that installed drivers are compatible with Windows Windows Update lets you set up how Windows connects to Windows Update for drivers Driver Signing Windows Update Hardware Profiles Hardware profiles provide a way for you to set up and store DD diferent hardware configurations Hardware Profiles System Properties 199 3 On the Device Manager expand Ports COM amp LPT by clicking the next to the folder E Device Manager File Action View Help 140923 2 Computer ss Disk drives Display adapters 2 DVD CD ROM drives 3 Floppy disk controllers 33 Floppy disk drives 3 IDE ATA ATAPI controllers IEEE 1394 Bus host controllers gt Keyboards gt Mice and other pointing devices Be Modems 3 Monitors E9 Network adapters Ports COM amp LPT 4 Communications Port COM2 4 Communications Port COM3 I ECP Printer Port LPT1 IF USB Seri
105. n change the orifice settings up to 31 times before the gauge will stop recording the changes To change orifice settings 1 Onthe Tool Options menu point to Change Real time Settings and click Change Orifice Settings 90 FLOW PROVER SETUP GAS PARAMETERS Metric Specific Gravity z C02 lt 30 ORFICE PLATE SETTINGS N2 lt 50 Orfice Plate Diameter Meter Tube Diameter H2S lt 40 Atmospheric AGA Base Condition Change Orifice Settings 2 In the Flow Prover Setup dialog box type the new size Click OK The new diameter will automatically be applied File Tools File tools allow you to view and edit gauge and gauge program data stored in a file Setting Start Time If the start time was entered incorrectly during data retrieval you can use this feature to change the start time in a binary or CMP file To set the start time in a binary file 1 On the Software Options menu point to File Tools and click Set Start Time From the list that appears select the binary file to edit and click OK 91 ENTER START DATE MM DD YYYY HH MM SS Set Time 2 In the Set Start Time dialog box type the new start time and click Done Getting Tool Data From a File This feature allows you to extract gauge data from a binary file To get tool data from a file 1 On the Software Options menu point to File Tools and click Get Tool Data from File 2 From the list that appears select the file t
106. nal Power Card Div 2 Class 1 Group A B C D CSA UL With Wireless Link Div Class 1 Group A B C D CSA UL Hawk 9000 Specifications Pressure Accuracy 0 024 Full Scale Pressure Resolution 0 0003 Full Scale Pressure Drift lt 3 psi Year Pressure Ranges Pressure Units Up to 15 000 psi psia psig kPaa kPag Temperature Accuracy 0 15 Full Scale Temperature Resolution 0 002 Full Scale Temperature Units C or F Operating Temperature 40 50 Celsius Power Requirements volts Two 3 6 VDC lithium C cells Power Requirements battery life 1 Lithium battery pack Year Number of Data Points Minimum Sample Rate 696 000 or 1 392 000 sets channels 1 Sample 2 Seconds Transducer Type Silicon Crystal Communications RS 232 USB RS 485 wireless Software Windows 95 98 2000 XP 105 106 Chapter 12 Downhole Gauge Setup Before setting up a downhole tool you must first decide what you want to do with the data This chapter describes the gradient and extended tests using downhole tools and how to configure the tools to collect appropriate data for these tests Tool programming is accomplished with the Calwin software which is described in detail in the Calwin Reference Guide Setting up the gauge consists of the following steps e Programming the sample rate and duration of the test e Cleaning the tool or replacing O rings if necess
107. nalyzing these pressure changes can provide sufficient information to characterize a well The most frequently used pressure transient test is the pressure buildup test The testis conducted by producing a well at constant rate for some time shutting the well in allowing the pressure to buildup in the wellbore and then recording the pressure usually downhole in the wellbore over time Another common test is the drawdown test conducted at the start of well production or following an extended shut in period Rate and pressure are recorded as function of time Drawdown data are usually noisy meaning that the pressure fluctuates as fluid flows past the gauges and small variations in flow rate occur This is especially true for new wells where well cleanup can last for days after production has begun Due to the noise such data can be difficult to interpret Pressure falloff tests performed on injection wells are analogous to pressure buildup tests in production wells Pressure gradient tests determine the change in wellbore fluid pressure as a function of depth typically in psi ft or kpa m These tests imply formation fluid density or fluid contacts to determine the depth of any fluid All of these tests involve running the downhole gauge in the well for the entire duration of the test 109 110 Programming for an Extended Test Fixed Rate is used to program the recorder to run at one sample rate until the memory is full You
108. nd for total duration including overrun Ensure that your battery capacity is enough to power the gauge for the expected test length Standard cell capacity is 1 5 amp hours PROGRAM RATES Recorder 9725 Date and Time Programmed 12 08 2004 13 18 29 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DDD HH MM SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 05 040 09 57 20 698368 OVERRUN RATE 00 30 00 000 00 00 00 Programmed Duration 040 09 58 20 Total Duration Including Overrun 040 09 58 20 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Tool has been programmed in NORMAL TEMPERATURE mode AMP HOURS required for expected duration of 30 Days 0 544 AH AMP HOURS required for Total duration including overrun 0 733 AH Fixed Rate Finish 10 Inspect the O Rings and replace if necessary as described in To replace O rings on page 130 11 Test and install the battery as described in Testing the Downhole Tool Battery on page 120 and Plugging the Battery into the Downhole Tool on page 122 Downhole Gradient The downhole gradient test is a common in the oilfield This test allows you to determine three things about the well e Depth of fluid in the well such as water or oil e Bottom hole pressure e Density of gas To run the test an operator runs the gauges downhole stopping them after a certain depth to allow the gauge to settle After getting a good pressure reading at the first depth the operator lowers the gauges and
109. nds per square inch absolute gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure pSig Pressure in pounds per square inch gauge raw data Information on a gauge or in a binary file that needs to be recompensated or recalculated from machine language before it can be understood by humans real time graph A graph that plots samples as they are being recorded by the gauge recompensate To translate raw data in machine language into a format that is readable by humans recorder A downhole gauge or surface box gauge which is designed to record pressures temperatures and flow resolution Ability to distinguish between separate points or objects sample rate The interval between samples For example to record a sample every 30 seconds you would set a sample rate of 30 sec sample to terminal A feature in Calwin that displays the samples as they are being recorded by the gauge sensor sensing device A device that monitors a measured condition and its fluctuations If the measurement varies sufficiently the device sends a signal to revise the operation of the system to offset the change serial cable A cable that connects Cal Scan s Interface Box to its downhole and surface gauge tools and to your computer serial port A communication port on the back of your computer that allows you to connect your mouse the Interface Box and other devices to your computer Each serial port can only accommodate one device Serial ports are NOT in
110. ndustry s standard quartz transducers and is the first quartz tool to operate using only one 3 6 volt lithium cell for temperatures under 150 C or two cells for temperatures over 150 C Wolverine is built for durability and dependability All housing is made of 718 INCONEL or equivalent material to provide a long lasting housing We extensively test all of our tools at elevated temperatures to ensure that it will stand up to the rigors of the oil field The Wolverine comes in a variety of pressure ranges to 20 000 psi and two temperature ranges 150 and 177 C Wolverine 101 102 Pressure Accuracy Wolverine Tool Specifications lt 0 02 Full Scale 0 015 typical Pressure Resolution lt 0 0001 Full Scale 1 second sample rate or greater lt 0 00024 Full Scale 0 1 to 0 5 second sample rate Pressure Drift lt 1psi Year Pressure Ranges Up to 20 000 psi Temperature Accuracy 0 5 C 15 C typical Temperature Resolution 0 0002 Full Scale Operating Temperature Up to 175 C Battery Requirements One or two 3 6 or 3 9 volt Lithium C CC Cell Battery Life Number of Data Points Fills memory at least once with a battery pack 696 000 or 1 38 million Minimum Sample Rate Maximum Sample Rate 0 1 second 18 hours Housing Material 8 INCONEL Standard other types available Housing Diameter 0 75 and 1 25 Inches other sizes available
111. nformation 61 TEST INFORMATION File Edit Gradient Stops Print Oil Company Name I Oil Company Address Well Location SSS a Well Name Field l Pool Formation Well Licence Number Type Of Test Well Fluid Status Well Mode Status Well Type Status Well Type Indicator Prod Int KB Bottom Prod Int KB Top ae Meters CF Elev Meters GRD Elev Meters KB Elev Pool Datum Meters Producing Through 3 O H Diameter Ir Casing Liner Diameter mm Tubing OD mm Tubing ID iz Casing OD I 7 mm Casing ID HD mm PBTD 7 Total Depth Meters Tubing Depth Initial Tubing Pressure KPAG Initial Casing Pressure Final Casing Pressure Final Tubing Pressure KPAG Shut In Must Have MM DD YYYY HH MM SS Run Depth Top KB i Meters Top Gauge On MM DD YYYY HH MM SS Bottom Gauge On MM DD YYYY HH MM SS On Bottom MM DD YYYY HH MM SS Off Bottom MM DDIYYYY HH MM SS Remark 1 Remark 2 Y Remark 43 Remark 4 e Header Run Depth Bottom KB 2 Inthe Test Information dialog box type your company information 3 Save the header by doing the following On the File menu point to Save Header to Bin Files and click Temp Bin File This option saves a copy of the header in a temp folder b Type a name for the file and click OK a 4 To apply the header information to an existing binary file on the F
112. o Fish thru rod into the barrel from the top with the Lemo end of the rod going through the barrel first Connect the Fish thru rod to the Lemo plug Be sure that the tape on the circuitry is not loose and that the small orange foam is sitting closest to the circuit board In one hand hold the Fish thru rod and in the other hold the base of the tool In one slow motion slide the tool up into the barrel This should slide in easily and not snag Disconnect the Fish thru rod from the Lemo plug Holding the base still thread the barrel onto the base do not thread the base into the barrel This will prevent the internal components from twisting Hint While threading the barrel on watch the wires on the other end they should not spin If they do the components may be snagged and need to be removed In this case start over Apply a small amount of Conformal coat to the Lemo housing Place the Lemo housing nut back over the wires Thread the Lemo housing nut into the barrel Use your housing wrench to tighten Hand tight is sufficient Reconnect the male Lemo to the Lemo plug Apply a small amount of Conformal coat to the threads of the Lemo plug Holding onto the male Lemo in one hand and holding the recorder in the other twist the wires counter clockwise 5 times Using your tweezers assist the wires gently down into the barrel past the threads of the Lemo housing nut 131 17 Screw the Lemo plug into the barrel Use your cres
113. o use and click OK The program information opens Viewing the Configuration Screen This feature allows you to view or change the gauge program defaults to meet your needs 92 Configuration Com Port Pressure Accum Flow Units Gas Rate Units Date Format Com3 v Radio Port WA y 17 600 Baud Raven Port 7 9600 Baud Calibration From Tool Disk kPag y usgal y mefhr y MMODDYYYY v Temperature Flow Rate Units File Splitting Language Selection CELSIUS xij usgalhr p Always Off 3 English pod Ascii Output Format Ascii Header C Off On Delta Time Pressure Temperature y Auto Calibration Download Multiple Unit Auto Zero Fas File C Off C off Off e Off On On C On C on Gauge Pressure Correction Company Name Enter Atmospheric Station 93 Pressure in kPa Enter Company Name Done Configuration You can set the following Units of measurement including pressure temperature flow rate and gas rate Origin of Calibration data from tool or disk For information about calibration files see Inserting Recorder Calibration on page 84 Auto Calibration Download When this is set to On Calwin will automatically create a copy of the device s calibration file when it is connected ASCII headers inserts the header information into ASCII files you generate For information about headers see Headers on page 61 Ra
114. of time If you do not break down the film you will increase the power surge to the battery when you connect it to the battery tester thus losing more battery power than is necessary Locate the red dot on the male 6 pin Lemo connector on the battery pack and line it up with the red dot on the female 6 pin Lemo connector of the battery tester Gently push the battery into the battery tester Note that the battery tester does not require a battery to operate since it draws on the power of the battery when it is inserted into the tester Press the red button to test the power of the battery If the battery tester indicator shifts to the red or yellow areas at any time during the test the battery has insufficient power and must be replaced Gently pull the battery out from its six prong Lemo connection to the battery tester To install the battery proceed to Plugging the Battery into the Downhole Tool 121 Plugging the Battery into the Downhole Tool 122 After removing the passification film and testing the battery you can install itin the gauge and run the test Note Downhole tool batteries have a built in light emitting diode LED that blinks eight times when it is first plugged into a tool If it fails to do so there might be something wrong with the tool The battery power many be insufficient or the tool battery or LED may be damaged To help prevent downhole failures do not use a tool that fails this test To
115. ou want to print For example enter 1 to print every reading or type 10 to print every 10th reading PRINT 1 EVERY HOW MANY READINGS Print Every 6 Type the Oil Company Name Enter Oil Company Name Oil Company Name 7 Type the Location Location Enter Well Location Well Location 8 Type the Run Depth and then click OK RUN DEPTH ENTER RUN DEPTH Run Depth 73 74 Chapter 9 Exporting Data This option exports data from a compensated file to an ASCII file that can be viewed in a spreadsheet or in a text editor such as Microsoft Word or WordPad You can choose to export all samples of the selected data with the Standard ASCII option or use the Advanced ASCII option to filter the samples To export compensated data to standard ASCII 1 On the File menu point to Export ASCII File and click Standard ASCII You can also press F7 2 A dialog box appears that displays all of the compensated files in the data folder which is C PRESSURE DATA by default If necessary browse to and select the appropriate directory Choose the file you want to make an ASCII file for and click Open 3 In the Select Data for Output dialog box choose the data that you want to include Select the data channel from the Available column and then click the arrow button to move it to the Items for ASCII box 75 Select Data For Output AVAILABLE FOR ASCII 9725 Pressure KPAG 9725
116. ously saved program that contains your selected sample rates and durations You can also open a saved program and modify it before applying the program to the gauge To save a program to disk l Create a program as described in To program Hawk 9000 with mulitrate on page 45 47 3 Click Save Program to Hard Drive A Save File dialog box appears Type a name for the file and click OK The program will be saved in C pressure program Click Program Tool to apply the program settings To open a saved program l Open the Program Sample Rates dialog box as described in To program Hawk 9000 with mulitrate on page 45 On the Program Sample Rates dialog box click Retrieve Program from Hard Drive An Open File dialog box appears Choose the program file that you want to open and click Open The program information appears in the Program Sample Rates dialog box You can use the program as is or modify the settings Click Program Tool to apply the program settings Restarting the Hawk 9000 Surface Box After you have programmed the Hawk 9000 the clock on the unit will display the number 5 00 This indicates that the Hawk 9000 is in low power mode You will need to restart the box to resume sampling To restart the Hawk 9000 after programming 1 48 Quickly press the toggle button at least 5 times within 3 seconds until pressures or temperatures appear in the display If the number 5 00 reappears you were not
117. ownhole Gauge 22r2resennennnnnn nn ennnnnnen 15 Connecting a Hawk 9000 Surface BOX rneeenesneneeneeeneene nennen en 16 Programming Gauges nuuuannunnnannnnnnunnuunnnunnnannnunnn 19 Programming Downhole Tools Fixed Rate ecceeeeeee nn 19 Programming Downhole Tools Multirate cceeeeeeee ee eee ee 22 Saving a Program to DiSK cceceee cece eee eee teeta eaten teed 27 Viewing the Program ccccceceee cece eee ee teeta nen nennen nenn nenn 28 Programming the Hawk 9000 Surface Box 31 Setting up Hawk 9000 uzussenserensennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nenn nennen nenn 3l Updating Configuration with the MMC 2 22ssesan nern 34 Setting up TUrbDINGS cece cece eee eee nun nenn nun nen ernennen 38 Programming Hawk 9000 Fixed R te 2ssssen nennen nennen 44 Programming Hawk 9000 Multirate oocococcccccccconnconconncnnanos 45 Saving a Program to DiSk c cece eect eee ee ee nun een nennen 47 Restarting the Hawk 9000 Surface BOX ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 48 Downloading Data BERBER RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR RRR eee 51 Downloading Data from Hawk 9000 ccceeeeee eee eee tena nn 53 Recompensating Data zanuennnannunnnnunnunnnannnunnunnnn OD Presenting and Viewing Data zuruannuunnannnunnennnn OL He ders iniret ia ee an ne ae na ig tree 61 Importing Header Information 4444444n Hanne en 6
118. ples remaining to be programmed and the battery usage appear under the sample rate rows Program Sample Rates C FIXED RATE MULTI RATE C SURFACE READ OUT MULTI RATE SAMPLE RATE DURATION HOURS MINUTES SECONDS HOURS MINUTES SAMPLES USED Select 1 0 o 10 Y 1 v jo y 360 M Select 2 gt 11 v0 X 0 lo X 43200 F Select3 F Select4 I Select5 F Select6 F Select7 F Select8 F Select9 F Select 10 F Select 11 F Select 12 F Select 13 F Select 14 F Select 15 LENGTH OF TEST 30 Days 1 Hours 0 Minutes 0 Seconds SAMPLES LEFT 273634 BATTERY USAGE 0 145 SAVE PROGRAM TO HARD DRIVE RETRIEVE PROGRAM FROM HARD DRIVE PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Multirate Example Note Calwin always programs the first 13 readings at a5 second rate even if you program the gauge for 30 seconds or some other rate This way you do not need to wait to see the 8 LED flashes on the Interface Box after you plug in the downhole gauge battery To program gauges using mulitrate 1 Onthe Program menu click Program Tools If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the gauge data 23 24 WARNING ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUE Y or N Erase Data Warning 2 If your gauge is a high temperature gauge choose t
119. plug the battery into the downhole tool l Locate the red dot on the male Lemo connector on the battery pack and line it up with the red dot on the female Lemo connector of the tool Gently push the battery into the tool Check to see that the red LED light emitting diode flashes 4 short initialization signals to indicate that the battery has been engaged If the flashes do not appear disconnect the battery and retest after 10 seconds Take note of the time at which the fifth blink appears This flash indicates the first sample has been taken and is the time you will use later when you download the data The LED flashes 3 more signals to indicate that the gauge is sampling If this is the first time the gauge has been programmed the flashes appear at 5 second intervals otherwise they appear at the programmed sample rate If these flashes do not appear do not run the tool Send the battery in for repair After the recorder has started properly slide the battery barrel over the battery and screw it on tightly until it is up against the pressure section of the tool The gauge is now ready to run the gradient test Setting Up Surface Read Out Surface Read Out allows you to use an appropriately equipped Hawk 9000 or Gopher e line to display downhole data The data is transmitted through a wire to the surface device Surface Read Out mode is programmed in the same way as regular downhole gauges except that you must also set up t
120. put PLOT ON LEFT AXIS AVAILABLE TO PLOT PLOT ON RIGHT AXIS 9725 Pressure KPAG Be ern Be 9725 Int Temperature C PLOT DATA Select Output Data 4 Click Plot Data The data appears on the plot Graph Viewing Options After you have created a graph you can modify the display options to show only specific data show the values at different points in the graph print and zoom Headings at the top of the graph show the Max Time Min Pres pressure Max Pres Min Temp temperature and Max Temp Clicking the graph area displays the values at the selected point as well as readings before and after the mouse point ax Tome J Menten was Maz Presa AG Un it Temperatura iian it Temperature 00 227 0 000 23372 2340 nun Cora Tome samples Pressure eras J mip Sample Graph Printing Graphs You can print graphs to your default printer or create a PDF file To print a graph 1 Create a graph as described in To create a graph on page 63 On the Print menu click Print to Printer or Print to PDF 2 In the dialog boxes that appear type the oil company name well location and date of the test Click OK 3 The graph will print on the Windows default printer or save to PDF 65 66 Setting Graph Scale The scale of the graph is determined by the data in the test You also can customize the scale To change the graph scale 1 Create a graph as described in
121. r N Erase Data Warning 5 Note If your gauge is a high temperature gauge the Temperature mode dialog box appears To run the gauge in high temperature mode type H otherwise type N Click OK High temperature mode will deplete the battery more quickly than normal mode Use this mode only if the temperature will be greater than 150 C 117 118 High Temp or Normal Temp Mode This is aHIGH TEMPERATURE TOOL do you want the tool to run in HIGH TEMPfover 150 DEG C 302 DEG F NORMAL TEMP below 150 DEG C 302 DEG F Hfigh or Nformal I Temperature mode 6 Type the expected downhole temperature Click OK EXPECTED TEMPERATURE Enter expected downhole temperature DEG C Expected Temperature 7 Type the test duration Click OK EXPECTED LENGTH OF TEST Enter expected lenath of test in days Test Duration 8 Type the sample rate for example 30 seconds and then click Program Tool Do not unplug the gauge or shut off the Interface Box while the gauge is being programmed A message that shows the new program settings appears Once you see this message it is safe to disconnect the Interface Box Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 SECONDS PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Fixed Rate Programming 9 After you have finished programming the gauge the program rates appear Verify that the settings are co
122. r both of liquid or gas Check your calibration sheet to determine the type of turbine Output type Turbines pickups can have either two or three pins For two pin pickups choose URS for three pin pickups use Open Collector To create a turbine calibration 1 On the Software Options menu point to Turbine Tools and click Edit Turbine Calibration Turbine Calibration Info File Turbine Info Serial Number Pickup Modet Turbine Type Forward Gas Calibration K FACTOR Pulses USGAL FREQUENCY Hz Calibration Date Y YY Y MM DD UniBi Directional Turbine Description FREQUENCY KFACTOR Pulses USGAL FREQUENCY KFACTOR Hz Pulses USGAL Hz Manufacturer Output Type gl FREQUENCY KFACTOR Hz Pulses USGAL 4 Factor C 40Factors 16 Factors CLEAR ALL 4 Factor C 10Factors 16 Factors CLEAR ALL 4 Factor C tO Factors 16 Factors CLEAR ALL Turbine Calibration 42 A Factor tO0 Factors 16 Factors CLEAR ALL 3 4 In the Turbine Calibration Info dialog box do the following In the Serial Number box type the serial number of the turbine b In the Calibration Date box type the date c Inthe Manufacturer box type the maker of the turbine d Inthe Pickup Model list choose
123. r run 190 Modbus 169 data encoding 169 data model 170 floating point byte order 172 function codes 171 holding register list 178 register list 173 Mole 97 specifications 98 multimedia cards clearing 5 options 4 passwords 4 updating surface box settings with 34 multirate 22 45 O operational precautions 132 164 line speed 132 optical flow meters 193 orifice settings 90 O rings replacing 129 overrun rate 113 119 P passification film 121 permanent Hawk 9000 165 CSA installation requirements 179 field wiring 184 maintenance 181 Modbus 169 UL installation requirements 180 wire hookups 182 pigtails 133 precautions 132 164 presentation 61 graphs 63 127 headers 61 importing 63 merging data 69 table view 68 128 printing graphs 65 spreadsheet view 70 procedures to change orifice settings 90 change the graph scale 66 change the Hawk 9000 battery 162 change the start or end time 67 change the time format in graphs 67 check the battery in the downhole tool 121 clean downhole tools 129 clear MMC 5 configure turbine settings 40 connect a downhole gauge to your computer and the Interface Box 15 connect Hawk 9000 using Raven 153 connect multiple Hawks using Raven 156 connect the Hawk9000 surface box 17 create a differential plot 68 create agraph 63 127 create a turbine calibration 42 download a recorder calibration file 87 download data with MMC 161 download data from a downhole gauge 125 download data from a
124. r using Calwin If the Interface Box LED does not flash 4 short signals do not run the recorder Disconnect the cables and try again until you see the 4 LED flashes Connecting a Hawk 9000 Surface Box To connect a Hawk 9000 surface box to your laptop you will need the following Note Hawk 9000 surface gauge box Note that the flat toggle button on the face of the surface box performs the same function as the black button on the right side of the unit This is so you can use the protruding toggle button when the protective cover is on the surface box in the field USB amp Serial Interface Box with its 6 pin Lemo connector cable or Raven interface box and RS 485 cable Computer with Calwin software installed A USB or serial cable Insert a 9 volt battery into the back of the Interface Box when using a serial cable Warning Do not use the serial port of the surface box in hazardous locations Program the surface box in a safe location before installing or use the Raven interface box to program safely 16 To connect the Hawk 9000 surface box 1 Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to of the Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the appropriate port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into the Interface Box when using a serial cable 2 Lineup and attach the gray Interface Box 6 pin Lemo connector to the face of Hawk 9000 surface box You will need to set up and program the Hawk 9000 b
125. rate option to program the gauge to run up to 15 different sample rates during the test In the Sample Rate Page you will need to specify the Sample Rate and the Duration for each rate Note Calwin always programs the first 13 readings at a 5 second rate even if you program the gauge for 30 seconds or some other rate This way you will see pressure samples immediately after the Hawk 9000 has been started To program Hawk 9000 with mulitrate 1 From the Program menu click Program Tools If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the gauge data 45 WARNING ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUE Y or N Erase Data Warning 2 To begin selecting the sample rates select the checkbox beside a row for example Select 1 Program Sample Rates C FIXED RATE MULTI RATE C SURFACE READ OUT MULTI RATE SAMPLE RATE DURATION HOURS MINUTES SECONDS DAYS HOURS MINUTES SAMPLES USED Fewer f dp Im 7 pP af ap Select 2 gt hi e fo re 43200 I Select 3 I Select 4 T Select 5 F Select 6 I Select 7 F Select 8 F Select 9 T Select 10 T Select 11 T Select 12 T Select 13 T Select 14 I Select 15 LENGTH OF TEST 30Days 1 Hours 0 Minutes 0 Seconds SAMPLES LEFT 273634 BATTERY USAGE 0 145 SAVE PROGRAM TO HARD DRIVE RETRIEVE PROGRAM FROM HARD DRIVE
126. ration of Samples HH MM SS DOD HH MM SS 00 00 05 900 00 04 00 12 00 00 30 096 17 04 00 278525 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 000 00 00 00 Programed Duration 096 17 05 00 Total Duration Including Overrun 096 17 05 00 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Display Option Always On STATIC Gas Flow Calculation Type Standard Standard Compressability Values 0 5540 Specific Gravity 002 Flow Prover Finish 146 Production Testing Like flow proving production testing measures the production of fluids from a well typically gas water oil or condensate However it involves collecting more detailed information More accurate gas flow rates are monitored with a differential sensor Fluids such as oil or water are also separated and monitored Two surface gauges are used One surface gauge is used to monitor the gas flow and is typically equipped with turbines that monitor the fluid flow A second surface gauge is attached to the wellhead to collect tubing and casing pressure and flow temperature as it leaves the well Since gases are compressible gas measurements are adjusted to standard values using Hawk 9000 s built in AGAS flow calculations For more information about gas compressibility see Basic Gas Measurement Theory and Practice on page 187 To program production testing you will need to collect internal temperature and the upside and downstream pressure of the flow stream You can program H
127. ray Interface Box 6 pin Lemo cable to the face of Hawk 9000 surface box 3 Open Calwin On the Program menu click Program Tool If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the data ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED or N CONTINUE Y Erase Data Warning 4 Inthe Surface Box Setup dialog box do the following a Enable the channel that monitors the internal pressure From the list choose an appropriate label for the channel for example TUBING b Enable the External RTD channel and from the list choose the label EXTERNAL RTD c Click OK 139 Surface Box Setup Password Protection PASSWORD ON ALWAYS ON bal PASSWORD OFF Optional Well Information Display Options Communication Pressure Units Temperature Units KPAA sus gt Company Name Cal Scan UWI or LSD Channel Selections STATIC r IV Pressure 1 I Pressure 2 External RTD 1 Flow Calculations Off On Sampling Information T Dynamic Sampling Minimum Sample Rate 1 Second Available Samples on 464213 oK Surface Box Setup Battery Voltage 3 566 5 Type the sample rate typically 30 seconds and then click Program Tool w Fixed Rate Programming C MULTI RATE FIXED RATE HOURS 0 M PROGRAM TOOL MINUTES 0 r Fix
128. rder Tools and click Download Calibration In the dialog box that appears confirm that you want to continue by typing Y and clicking OK Insert Calibration Confirm Download Tools Download tools allow you to specify the data that you want to retrieve from the tool or MMC such as restricting the time span of the data or from the end of memory 87 Manually Dumping Data This feature allows you to download a specific number of readings that the gauge has recorded starting with the first sample This is useful if the gauge has been damaged and you suspect it is showing the incorrect number of samples To manually download data l From the Tool Options menu point to Download Tools and click Manual Dump MANUAL DOWNLOAD ENTER NUMBER OF SAMPLES TO DOWNLOAD Manual Dump 2 Inthe Manual Dump dialog box type the number of samples to download and compensate Click OK 3 Ifyou want the gauge to continue sampling during the dump type Y and click OK Type N to stop sampling while you download data STOP SAMPLING DO YOU WANT TO HAVE THE SURFACEBOX STOP SAMPLING Y OR N Stop Sampling 4 Type a name for the file you are creating Select the start time If you are using a Hawk 9000 choose the channel you want to plot 88 Surface Box Start Time June 3 2004 16 14 00 is the Start time the surface box shows Do you want to use this timefY or N Start Time Find End Of Memory and
129. rmanent versions of Hawk 9000 is how data is stored in memory The standard Hawk 9000 collects data continuously until data is full and then stops Permanent Hawk 9000 uses a first in last out method where the most recent values are stored in the device and older values are discarded The permanent Hawk 9000 stores the data as actual values that is the raw data is already compensated with the calibration data This may pose a disadvantage since you cannot recompensate the data if you need to update the calibration The Hawk 9000 can communicate through Modbus on a Half Duplex RS 485 system at either 9600 or 38 400 bps The each byte sent has no parity a word length of 8 bits and one stop bit N 8 1 When setting up the Hawk 9000 for Modbus communication there are three parameters that need to be set up e Baud Rate The serial communication speed either 9600 or 38 400 bps Modbus Device ID or Address This is the Modbus address that the Modbus Master will send to communicate with the Hawk 9000 165 Response Delay This is the delay in 10 millisecond increments that the Hawk 9000 will delay the response to the Modbus master Usually a value of 1 10 ms will work on most systems To program the permanent Hawk 9000 1 Note ModBus Setup ModBus Power BaucRate C Off C Internal Battery C 9600 a C On Extemal Source 38400 On the Tool Options menu point to Permanent Surface Box and click Initial
130. rogram Files Cal Scan Services Ltd usbdrivers Click OK Browse For Folder Select the Folder that contains drivers for your hardware F Desktop 2 LE My Documents My Computer E J 3 Floppy A Bw C E 5 Documents and Settings E O pressure E Program Files Cal Scan Services Ltd Cal Scan2000 caLw ngs Calwin2002 3 Common Files To view any subfolders click a plus sign above Browse for Folder 6 You will return to the New Hardware Wizard Click Next Drivers will start to be copied Click Finish Found New Hardware Wizard Completing the Found New Hardware Wizard The wizard has finished installing the software for e USB High Speed Serial Converter Click Finish to close the wizard New Hardware Wizard 7 The New Hardware Wizard reappears Repeat steps 2 to 6 197 USB Troubleshooting If the New Hardware Wizard does not appear when you connect the Interface Box you may need to uninstall then reinstall the COM port and serial converter drivers To troubleshoot USB installation 1 On the Start menu right click My Computer and click Properties Internet My Documents 8 Internet Explorer D Pp My Pictures 4 E mail Outlook Expr 2 My Music DE my computer Open el My Network Places Explore Search ia Control Panel Manage Set Program Access and Map Network Drive Defaults Disconnect Network Drive 9 Help and Support Show o
131. rrect Recorder the gauge serial number Date and Time Programmed Sample Rate Duration and Samples for each test phase including the automatically programmed 13 samples at the beginning of the test Overrun rate which defaults to 30 seconds This is the rate at which the gauge will collect samples if it continues to run beyond the programmed duration e Programmed duration the length of time that you have programmed the gauge to collect samples Number of samples used on recorder Temperature mode either high temperature or normal e Amp Hours required for the test duration and for total duration including overrun Ensure that your battery capacity is enough to power the gauge for the expected test length Standard cell capacity is 1 5 amp hours 119 PROGRAM RATES Recorder 9725 Date and Time Programmed 12 08 2004 13 18 29 Sample Rate Duration of Samples HH MM SS DDD HH MM SS 00 00 05 000 00 01 00 12 00 00 05 040 09 57 20 698368 OVERRUN RATE 00 00 30 000 00 00 00 Programmed Duration 040 09 58 20 Total Duration Including Overrun 040 09 58 20 Number of samples used on recorder 0 Tool has been programmed in NORMAL TEMPERATURE mode AMP HOURS required for expected duration of 30 Days 0 544 AH AMP HOURS required for Total duration including overrun 0 733 AH Fixed Rate Finish 10 Inspect the O Rings and replace if necessary as described in To replace O rings on page 130 ll Test
132. s by shining two low power lasers into the flow stream at right angles to the direction of gas flow Tiny naturally occurring particles in the gas are detected by the sensor as they pass through the parallel beams of light The flow speed is calculated with the time it takes for the particles to pass from the first to the second beam Using OFM does not result in a pressure drop such as when using turbines or orifice setups OFM is also resistant to corrosive gas such as in flare stacks and has a large turndown ratio of greater than 1000 1 193 194 Appendix B Installing USB Drivers In order to use the Interface Box or Raven you must have the correct USB drivers installed on your computer Note The following instructions describe installing drivers using Windows XP If you are running a different version of Windows the procedure will vary To install USB drivers for the Interface Box 1 Plug the Interface Box or Raven into your computer s USB port 2 The New Hardware Wizard opens The Windows Update dialog box may appear If it does click Not this time Found New Hardware Wizard Welcome to the Found New Hardware Wizard Windows will search for current and updated software by looking on your computer on the hardware installation CD or on the Windows Update Web site with your permission Read our privacy policy Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software Yes this time only Yes no
133. s is the executable file that runs the Calwin Software Program C PRESSURE Contains the configuration file C PRESSURE DATA Contains dump files with bin and cmp extensions These files are created when data is downloaded from a recorder C PRESSURE CALB Contains calibration files for the gauges and turbines Calibration files have a cal extension for gauges and t rb for turbines C PRESSURE PROGRAM Contains the program files you saved Program files have a prg extension Chapter 2 Getting Started With Calwin You can use the menus at the top of the screen or the F Keys listed at the bottom of the window to execute any task File Program Dump Recalc Presentation Tool Options Software Options Hel MESSAGE WINDOW Fi Report F2 Screen Paper Plot F4 SReport F6 Dump Probe F7 Ascii F8 Probe Talk F9 Recompensate F10 Quit Calwin main screen Calwin Menus 10 There are several menus and commands that you can access from the menu bar along the top of the Calwin main screen File Menu This menu contains options for importing exporting and merging data It also contains the Exit option for closing Calwin Pressing F10 also takes you out of Calwin Export See Exporting Data on page 75 Import See Importing Header Information on page 63 Merge CMP Data See Merging Data on page 69 Exit Closes Calwin Program Menu These options give you different gauge program
134. s is used with the temperature to determine the number of amp hours of battery capacity that will be needed for the test Calwin always programs the first 13 readings at a 5 second rate even if you program the gauge for 30 seconds or some other rate This enables you to see the last 4 LED flashes on the Interface Box immediately after you plug in the battery rather than waiting for the specified interval to pass To program a gauge for a downhole gradient 1 Attach one end ofa USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the USB or serial port on your computer Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into back of the Interface Box when using a serial cable Line up and attach the gray Interface Box cable to the top of the gauge Programming a gauge 3 Ensure that the red LED light emitting diode on the face of the Interface Box flashes 4 short signals to indicate that it is active If the 4 short signals do not appear do not run the recorder Disconnect the cables and try again until you see the 4 LED flashes Ensure that the Interface Box is active 4 Open the Calwin program On the Program menu click Program Tool If there is data in the gauge memory that has not yet been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the gauge data ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUE Y o
135. self adds the differential to the downstream static pressure to calculate the upstream pressure Meter Runs A meter run is a straight length of pipe before and after ameasuring device This allows the gas to stabilize and flow smoothly creating a laminar flow Turbulent flow creates a spiral pattern which is difficult to measure accurately Use an appropriately sized meter run generally length of ten pipe diameters upstream and five diameters downstream The actual meter run length you use will depend on the specifics of your setup for example an acute bend in the pipe or a valve before the measuring device will necessitate a longer run Refer to AGA s Gas Measurement Manual Part Three for more information about meter runs Turndown Ratio All fluid flow measurement sensors have limits to what they are capable of measuring The turndown ratio indicates the range of flow that the sensors can measure The ratio is calculated as the maximum flow rate divided by the minimum flow rate For example a device that can measure between 20 and 4 gallons per minute would have a turndown ratio of 5 A large turndown ratio is needed when the flow you are measuring varies such as with coal bed methane Measuring Gas Flow with Orifice Plates 190 Using an orifice plate is one of the oldest methods of measuring gas flow An orifice plate is a round metal disc with a precision cut hole in the center It is placed within a pipe to restrict the flow o
136. settings The Modbus Setup dialog box appears You will need the RS 485 Power card for the Modbus to operate correctly If you have the RS 485 card click On to enable Modbus otherwise click Off to shut off Modbus to conserve power ModBus Address and Delay Enter Unit Address Delay 1 10ms Modbus Setup 3 166 Configure the following a Power setup Internal Battery means the unit is running solely on the internal battery External Source means it is running on power supplied through the RS 485 Power Card When running on an external power source the Hawk 9000 will not go to sleep to allow the Modbus communication to poll more easily If a power failure is detected the Hawk 9000 will switch to backup power and keep sampling and disable Modbus communication to conserve power b Baud Rate The serial communication speed either 9600 or 38 400 bps c Modbus Address This is the address that the Modbus Master will send when communicating with the Hawk 9000 d Response Delay This is the delay in 10 millisecond increments that the Hawk 9000 will use in the response to the Modbus master A value of 1 10ms will work on most systems 4 The Surface Box Setup dialog box appears Configure the data inputs and sample rate as described in Standard Hawk 9000 Setup on page 135 Connecting to a Half Duplex RS 485 Network The RS 485 standard permits a balanced transmission line to be shared in a
137. sful in starting the Hawk 9000 and it is not running Repeat this step Make sure that you are pressing the button fast enough The Hawk 9000 will not start sampling until the internal clock reaches an even minute This makes synchronizing time easier when you are running more than one gauge To toggle between various sensor readings on the Hawk 9000 display press the toggle button Remote Communication 152 Hawk 9000 can be equipped with an intrinsically safe RS 485 communication port to communicate with devices such as laptops satellite or radio These third party devices must be connected through a certified barrier such as Raven These barriers protect Hawk 9000 from high voltages that may result from catastrophic equipment failure You can use a Raven communication device to monitor Hawk 9000 data remotely in real time Raven connects to Hawk 9000 from up to 1000 feet away through a RS 485 cable This enables you to safely retrieve data from the surface box in locations where a USB amp Serial Interface Box would pose a risk due to sparking Raven enables you to connect to anumber of Hawk 9000 boxes using Y cables and additional long cables Note To save power Hawk 9000 is designed to put itself to sleep when it is not collecting a sample This means that Calwin will periodically lose communication with the box Raven attempts to communicate with the connected surface box until it takes a sample and becomes active again Yo
138. son passworn OFF d bblday US y Optional Well Information Flow Accum Units Company Name bbi US M UWlor LSD 123 456 Channel Selections 17 Pressure 1 Fluid Media TUBING 1 R Pressure2 Lous Fo Ei ee Z Update uen y WM Extemai RTD 1 T SNTurbine 2 IV 4 to 20ma 4 to 20 mA Range 0 to 72 18238 psi Update Flow Calculations Sampling Information Battery Voltage Flow Method C oft Flow Prover Orfice Diff Turbine Select Gas Channel Name I aane Same Minimum Sample Rate 3 Seconds Gas Flow Unit Compressibiity T N G on ed GAS FLOW y mama Standard z Available Samples on 398677 OK 3 644 Surface Box Setup 5 Select the Turbine 1 checkbox and configure the turbine by doing the following a From the Fluid Media list choose the type of fluid such as OIL b Click Update 148 6 Inthe Turbine Update dialog box do the following a Click Change Turbine Choose the calibration file for the turbine and click OK b On the File menu click Save c On the File menu click Exit Turbine 1 Update DEK File TURBINE INFO Serial Number 1021 38 Calibration Date 2004 01 01 Manufacturer Turbines Inc Pickup Model Output Type Turbine Type Description x View Calibration TURBINE SETTINGS Turbine Update 7 The Orifice Meter Setup dialog box opens Type the expected Specific Gravity CO
139. successful in starting the Hawk 9000 and it is not running The Hawk 9000 will not start sampling until the internal clock reaches an even minute This makes synchronizing time easier when you are running more than one gauge Remove the Interface Box cable The Hawk 9000 will not start sampling if the 6 pin Lemo connector is connected to the unit 4 To toggle between sensors or channels on the Hawk 9000 display press the toggle button 49 50 Chapter 6 Downloading Data Once you have connected the gauge to your computer as described in Connecting Tools to Calwin on page 15 you can retrieve the data collected by the tool and save it to your computer The Dump command pulls data from the gauge to your computer When you dump the gauge the raw data is stored in a binary file format Binary files bin files have a bin extension at the end of the file name Binary files will be stored in your data folder After the data is saved it is compensated with the calibration data to produce real data Compensated files have a cmp file extension To download data from downhole gauges 1 Connect the gauge to your computer as described in Connecting Tools to Calwin on page 15 Click Dump In the Enter File Name dialog box type a name for the file and click OK If a file with that name already exists you can choose to overwrite the existing file or choose a new file name ENTER FILE NAME Type the output data bi
140. sword Protection box click Password On This option sets password protection for downloading and reprogramming the Hawk 9000 Ensure that everyone who needs to know the password knows it so they can program or download the Hawk 9000 To disable password protection select Password off 4 Choose the Pressure Display Units This sets the pressure units that the Hawk 9000 will display These units cannot be changed until the box is reprogrammed 5 Choose the Temperature Display Units This sets the temperature units that the Hawk 9000 will display These units cannot be changed until the box is reprogrammed 6 Choose data inputs from the gauge The available inputs will depend on the hardware setup You can enable data download by selecting the corresponding check box and then assign a label for use in reporting Select or type the name of the inputs the Hawk 9000 will use for the test e Pressurel pressure and internal temperature e Pressure2 pressure and internal temperature External RTD external temperature Channel 4 flow The 4 to 20 ma milliamps Differential box appears Calwin automatically presents a formula for the calculation You can choose this formula or enter a new formula 7 To setup flow calculations in the Flow Calculation box click On In the Orifice Meter box specify the orifice plate and meter tube diameters and the specific gravity parameters Click OK 8 Battery Voltage displays the battery vol
141. t O rings suitable for your tool 2 per tool Small crescent wrench Housing wrench Lemo Fish thru rod Conformal coat Male Lemo Application brush To replace O rings 1 Plug the male Lemo into the top of the downhole tool Unscrew the Lemo plug counter clockwise using your crescent wrench The Lemo plug should unthread smoothly and extend approximately 1 outside the recorder barrel Using your housing wrench unscrew the Lemo housing nut Remove the Lemo housing nut by pulling the wires through the slit in the nut Grasp the recorder with both hands and unscrew the barrel from the base of the recorder Slowly pull on the base of the recorder pulling the internal components through the barrel Completely separate the internal components from the barrel Use your tweezers to lift one of the O rings on the base of the recorder While holding the O ring with the tweezers use the X acto knife or a pair of cutters to cut off the old O ring Repeat for the next O ring 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Slip a new O ring over the top of the recorder starting at the Lemo Plug Slide the O ring over the body of the circuitry to the base of the tool At the base of the tool roll the O ring down over the threads into the first ridge Repeat for the second O ring Apply a small amount of O ring lubricant onto the O rings using an application brush Spread the O ring lubricant evenly over both rings Slide your Lem
142. t been downloaded you can choose to continue with the programming losing the data or cancel and resume programming after you have downloaded the data ALL DATA ON THIS TOOL WILL BE ERASED CONTINUE Y or N Erase Data Warning 4 Inthe Surface Box Setup dialog box do the following a Enable the channels that monitor the tubing and casing pressure From the list choose appropriate labels for the channels for example TUBING and CASING b Click OK Surface Box Setup Display Options Password Protection Communication Pressure Units Temperature Units PASSWORD ON KPAA v CELSIUS X ALWAYSON z PASSWORD OFF I Optional Well Information Company Name Ca Scan UWI or LSD Channel Selections V Pressure 1 CASING IV Pressure 2 METER IV External RTD 1 Diff v M 4t020ma 4 to 20 mA Range 0 to 72 18238 psi Flow Calculations Sampling Information Battery Voltage G or TF Dynamic Sampling Minimum Sample Rate 2 Seconds sam ee Available Samples on 232106 Surface Box Setup 5 Type the sample rate typically 30 seconds and then click Program Tool Fixed Rate Programming MULTI RATE C SURFACE READ OUT FIXED RATE HOURS 0 MINUTES 0 y SECONDS 0 r PROGRAM TOOL EXIT Fixed Rate 137 6 Set the time on the surface box by typing N and clicking OK The time used is the current on the laptop TIME IS DIFFERENT Current surfacebox time
143. t on the Hawk 9000 in hazardous locations Download the data from the Hawk 9000 with a multimedia card or Raven instead You may also do a sniff check to confirm that there is no hazardous gas present and then download the Hawk 9000 data with the serial port but this is not recommended To download Hawk 9000 data with an Interface Box 1 Attach one end of a USB or serial cable to the USB amp Serial Interface Box and the other end of the cable to the appropriate port on your computer hard drive Remember to insert a 9 volt battery into the Interface Box when using a serial cable Line up and attach the gray Interface Box 6 pin Lemo cable to the face of Hawk 9000 surface box Click Dump In the dialog box that appears type Y to stop the Hawk 9000 sampling If you type N then the Hawk 9000 will resume sampling after the interface box is disconnected and you will lose the data collected while the Interface Box is plugged in STOP SAMPLING DO YOU WANT TO HAVE THE SURFACEBOX STOP SAMPLING Y OR N Hawk 9000 Sampling 4 In the Save dialog box type the file name you want to use If a file with that name already exists you can choose to overwrite the existing file or choose a new file name The time the Hawk 9000 was started appears You can use this time by choosing Y or you can enter your own time by selecting N 159 Surface Box Start Time June 3 2004 16 14 00 is the Start time the surface box shows Do
144. tage of the Hawk 9000 to determine the battery charge level If the batteries are low the LCD display on the face of the Hawk 9000 will also show a battery warning 9 Click Done 10 If you have chosen to enable password protection do the following a Confirm that you want password protection by typing Y and clicking OK Password Protection Password Protection is selected Is this Correct Y or N Cancel Confirm Password 33 34 b Inthe appropriate boxes type and confirm a 4 digit password Enter Password i Confirm Password Enter 4 digit password Confirm 4 digit password Confirm Password 11 The difference between the clock on the Hawk 9000 and your computer clock appears To keep the Hawk 9000 time type Y To reset the Hawk 9000 time to match your computer type N Click OK TIME IS DIFFERENT Current surfacebox time is July 24 2001 14 30 29 this time is 107285916 seconds off from your computer Keep current surfacebox time Y or N Surface Box Time Updating Configuration with the MMC Updating using the multimedia card enables you to change Hawk 9000 settings safely without using the serial connection To use an MMC to update Hawk 9000 settings 1 Download data from the Hawk 9000 as described in To download data with a multimedia card on page 53 2 Set up your multimedia card reader as directed Insert the MMC into the card reader 3 Open Calwin and on the
145. ted Volume Float 128 Channel 6 Turbine TEEE Units set by register 106 0x80 2Current Flow Rate Float day 130 Channel 7 Turbine 3 TEEE Units set by register 106 0x82 Accumulated Volume Float 132 Channel 7 Turbine IEEE Units set by register 106 0x84 3Current Flow Rate Float day 134 Channel 8 External IEEE Units set by register 104 0x86 RTD2 Temperature Float 136 Channel 9 External TEEE Units set by register 104 0x88 RTD3 Temperature Float 138 reserved IEEE Return 0 Ox8A Float 140 reserved IEEE Return 0 0x8C Float 142 reserved IEEE Return 0 Ox8E Float 144 reserved IEEE Return 0 0x90 Float 146 reserved IEEE Return 0 0x92 Float 148 reserved IEEE Return 0 0x94 Float 150 AGA Gas Flow Rate IEEE Units set by register 107 0x96 day Float 175 176 Registe Name Format Description r hex 152 AGA Gas IEEE Units set by register 107 0x98 Accumulated Volume Float So far today 154 Flow Time Today So 16 Bit Minutes Ox9A far 155 Flow Time Yesterday 16 Bit Minutes 0x9B 156 AGA Gas IEEE Units set by register 107 0x9C Accumulated Float Yesterday s Total Vol 158 Flow Yesterday s IEEE Units set by register 102 0x9E Average Static Pressure Float 160 Flow Yesterday s IEEE Units set by register 104 0xA0 Average Temperature Float 162 Flow Yesterday s IEEE Units set by register 102 0xA2 Average Differential Float Pressure
146. tended for use in hazardous locations Also called a Com Port SmartDisk A floppy disk housing into which you insert a multimedia card so you can insert the card into your computer Newer computers have a multimedia card slot and do not require a SmartDisk SRO Surface Readout System SRO Box Gopher Surface Readout Box start time The time that the battery was plugged into the gauge static pressure The normal force per unit area exerted by a moving fluid on an immersed body carried within the fluid The normal force per unit area at a small hole in a wall of the duct through which the fluid flows piezometer or on the surface of a stationary tube at a point where the disturbances created by inserting the tube cancel 209 210 surface box A memory gauge that is placed above ground to record data relevant to pressures temperatures and flow Surface Readout system Gopher Enables Cal Scan s standard Badger Mole and Wolverine downhole gauges to communicate to the surface through an electric line Also called the SRO SRO Box or Gopher toggle button The button on Cal Scan gauges that turns the unit on and off and activates the unit s various modes By repeatedly pressing the toggle button you will switch between the unit s modes transducer The means by which the gauge converts a signal from the sensing device into data USB amp Serial Interface Box A communication device that interfaces with Cal Scan
147. that interfaces with Cal Scan s downhole and surface gauge tools and your computer Also called the Interface Box or USB amp Serial Cable Box E Line Electric line 203 204 even minute The moment the second hand of the unit s internal clock reaches 12 file directory A method of grouping and storing files it the Windows computer operating system There are several directories that store similar files of a similar For example C directory stores your computer hard drive files and A directory is designated for floppy disc files file extension Every computer file has an extension such as prg at the end of the file name to signify what type of file it is In this case the prg signifies that this file is a program file filter To reduce data to 20 000 samples or fewer when plotting data on a graph by eliminating some of the samples For example you can select every third sample See Advanced Filter fixed rate Running the recorder at one sample rate until the memory is full flow rate The volume of solution that passes through a given quantity of resin within a given time Usually expressed in terms of feet per minute per cubic foot of resin or as milliliters per minute per milliliter of resin folder A method of manually grouping and storing files on your computer hard drive A folders can be likened to a briefcase in which you store files related to one particular project fracing Hydraulic fracturing
148. the gauge and its configuration Typical information includes Recorder the gauge serial number Date and Time Programmed Sample Rate Duration and Samples for each test phase including the automatically programmed 13 samples at the beginning of the test Overrun rate which defaults to 30 seconds This is the rate that the gauge will collect samples if it continues to run beyond the programmed duration Programmed duration the length of time that you have programmed the gauge to collect samples Number of samples used on recorder Amp Hours required for the test duration and for total duration including overrun To view a gauge s program l On the Program menu click View Program on Tool The program that is currently stored on the gauge appears on the computer screen You then have the option to print a copy of the program by clicking Print to Printer or Print to PDF Most operators find it helpful to print a hard copy of the gauge program for future reference 29 30 Chapter 5 Programming the Hawk 9000 Surface Box The Hawk 9000 surface box can be programmed using fixed rate or multirate sampling Setting up Hawk 9000 Before programming the sample rate of a surface box you will need to enter settings specific to the box such as the surface box time display options password protection temperature display units and input selections It is helpful to set the Hawk 9000 time to your the time on comp
149. tic screws tightly in place and dispose of the old battery pack appropriately Replace the protective outer case Hawk 9000 Operational Precautions 164 Hawk 9000 can withstand a wide range of conditions if you protect the sensors from mechanical and chemical damage Water in Hawk 9000 case can damage sensitive electronics Ensure that the protective lid is fully closed Do not use a sealing quick connect Changes in ambient temperature can cause large pressure changes inside the line since liquids have limited compressibility These pressure changes can overpressure the sensor leading to damage Transducers are sensitive to corrosive chemicals such as H S Usually grease in the transducer sub is sufficient protection Pigtails are oil filled wire device attached to the base of surface gauges that prevent the corrosive material from coming into direct contact with the sensitive parts Labyrinth oil traps are similar but are less commonly used e Water that freezes next to the pressure sensor will cause damage In subfreezing temperatures you must keep the sensors dry or use methanol injection to clear water from the sensors Permanent Hawk 9000 Setup When Hawk 9000 is installed permanently there are a few special considerations to keep in mind such as wiring communication and safety precautions Otherwise permanent Hawk 9000 programming is the same as standard Hawk 9000 The main difference between standard and pe
150. typically water oil condensate and gas Measuring gas flow has become especially important since the 1970s as the home heating petrochemical and power generation markets expand Rising demand for gas makes accurate data collection critical to ensure that reservoir engineers can optimize gas production of wells There are three ways to use Hawk 9000 to measure gas flow an orifice plate turbine and optical flow meter In order to use these methods you should understand the physical characteristics of the gases you will be measuring Standard Units amp Gas Laws Hawk 9000 uses the raw gas rates to convert the actual rates to standard units Standard units are necessary to offset the effects of gas compressibility since the volume of a gas varies with pressure and temperature Typically standard units are 65 F at 14 75 psi or 15 C at 101 kPa Standard Pressure Pressure affects the properties and behavior of gases For example if you compress a balloon the balloon gets smaller but the amount of air inside stays the same This is an illustration of Boyle s law the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure That is if you decrease the size of a container by half the pressure of the gas within doubles 187 188 It is important to keep pressure constant when trading in gas to ensure that each unit of volume contains the same amount of gas The buyer and seller agree on a pressure standard such as 15 ps
151. u can also manually awaken the Hawk 9000 by pressing the button on the front or side of the box It will stay awake for a full minute after you press the button Real Time Monitoring Hawk 9000 with Raven Raven connects to Hawk 9000 similarly to the USB amp Serial Interface Box but uses long cables that allow you to retrieve data from up to 1000 feet away Connecting Hawk 9000 to Raven Using RS 485 has advantages over using a wireless connection It is immune to interference and because it does not transmit the data it is very secure When connected through Raven you can perform any task that you can when you are connected through a USB amp Serial Interface Box such as programming and downloading You can also graphically monitor data collected Calwin updates the graph as each sample is received from the gauge Note When Calwin is connected to a Raven at the same time as it is connected with other Interface Boxes it will communicate only with Raven and ignore any other connected Interface boxes To connect to Hawk 9000 using Raven 1 Connect one end of the RS 485 cable to the Hawk 9000 2 Ata safe location attach the other end of the cable to the Raven 153 3 Open Calwin and connect Raven to your computer with a USB cable Calwin should detect the connection You can now proceed to program the Hawk 9000 view data or download data Hawk RS 485 Cable Raven Y Viewing Real Time Hawk 9000 Data
152. uter if you want to overlay the data from more than one surface box All of the boxes will then be running from the same clock To set up the Hawk 9000 surface box 1 Onthe Program menu click Program Tools The Surface Box Setup dialog box appears 31 32 Surface Box Setup Display Options ALWAYSON r Display Units Pressure Temperature Gas Flow Password Protection C PASSWORD ON PASSWORD OFF Channel Selections krae Communication I Pressure 1 ceLsws x sms y Optional Well Information Company Name UWI or LSD Joes Farm 123 456 PULSED INPUT IV SN 1021 38 1 Fluid Media paa TUBING 1 IV Pressure 2 IV External RTD 1 CHANNEL 4 v M 4to20ma 4 to 20 mA Range O to 72 18238 psi Update Flow Calculations Sampling Information Battery Voltage Select Gas Channel Name Fluid Media C ot feasrow gt NATURAL GAS m Minimum Sample Rate 3 Seconds Sr Flow Method Supercompressibility ce On Flow Prover Orfice Diff Turbine Standard v DONE Hawk 9000 Surface Box Setup Available Samples on 398677 2 Choose one of the following in the Display Options box e Always On Display remains on all of the time e Always Off Display shows no pressures or temperatures e User Turn On Display turns on when the button is pushed and stays on for length of time that you specify 3 Ifyou want to enable passwords in the Pas
153. w and every time connect a device No not this time Click Next to continue New Hardware Wizard 195 3 Click Install from a list or specific location and click Next Found New Hardware Wizard This wizard helps you install software for Interface Box 9 If your hardware came with an installation CD SP or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do Install the software automatically Recommended Install from a list or specific location Advanced Click Next to continue lt Back Next gt Cancel New Hardware Wizard 4 Select Include this location in the search and click Browse Found New Hardware Wizard Please choose your search and installation options 9 Search for the best driver in these locations Use the check boxes below to limit or expand the default search which includes local paths and removable media The best driver found will be installed Search removable media floppy CD ROM Include this location in the search C Program Files CalScan Services Lid usbdivers Don t search will choose the driver to install Choose this option to select the device driver from a list Windows does not guarantee that the driver you choose will be the best match for your hardware lt Back I Next gt Cancel New Hardware Wizard 196 5 Browse for the folder that contains drivers This will usually be C P
154. xporting data 75 exporting to file 75 FAS 82 filtered 77 set start or end time from graph 67 80 extended buildup test 136 F FAS 82 field wiring specifications 184 file tools 91 getting tool data 92 setting start time 91 files splitting 94 find end of memory 89 fixed rate 19 44 floating point byte order 172 flow proving 142 function codes 171 G gauges downloading calibration 87 downloading data 51 get hours on 85 inserting calibration 84 monitoring operation 86 programming 19 fixed 19 multirate 22 serial numbers 84 get hours on tool 85 graphs 63 127 changing start or end time 67 differential plots 67 options 64 printing 65 real time 67 setting scale 66 zoom 66 grease 133 H Hawk 9000 about 103 AGA flow settings 90 connecting 16 maintenance 162 Modbus 169 permanent 165 precautions 164 programming 31 real time monitoring 153 restarting 48 setup 135 specifications 105 starting 152 turbines 38 headers 61 high temperature mode 112 117 holding register list 178 hydrostatic test 138 installation 6 file locations 7 troubleshooting 7 Interface Box 3 L labyrinth oil traps 133 line speed 132 low power mode 153 maintaining Hawk 9000 162 maintenance 129 battery installation 122 battery testing 120 cleaning 129 O rings 129 manually dumping data 88 menu bar Dump 11 File 10 Presentation 11 Program 10 Recompensate 11 Software Options 13 Tool Options 12 menus 10 merging data 69 mete
155. y Tables Object Access Comments Type Type Discrete Inputs Single bit Read Only This data type is provided by an I O system Coils Single bit Read Write This data type is alterable by an application program Input Registers 16 bit Read Only This data type can be provided by an word TO system Holding 16 bit Read Write This data type is alterable by an Registers word application program The distinctions between inputs and outputs and between bit addressable and word addressable data items do not imply any application behavior It is acceptable and common to regard all four tables as overlaying one another if this is the most natural interpretation on the target machine in question For each of the primary tables the protocol allows individual selection of 65 536 data items and the operations of read or write of those items are designed to span multiple consecutive data items up to a data size limit which is dependent on the transaction function code All the data handled through Modbus bits registers must be located in device application memory but physical address in memory should not be confused with data reference The only requirement is to link data reference with physical address Modbus logical reference numbers which are used in Modbus functions are unsigned integer indices starting at zero Modbus Function Codes Hawk 9000 supports the following Modbus Function Codes e 03 0x03 Read
156. you specify See Filter AGA Flow American Gas Association Amphenol connector A connection commonly used to communicate using electricity ASCH A standard file format that the oil industry uses to present information from downhole and surface gauge recorders atmospheric pressure It is the pressure indicated by a barometer Standard atmosphere is the pressure equivalent Badger Cal Scan s silicon strain downhole gauge that measures internal pressures and temperatures at aone second sample rate 201 Badger Tri Tool Cal Scan s silicon strain downhole memory recorder that measures extremely fast external temperatures while still giving accurate pressure readings at a one second sample rate battery barrel The tubular steel casing that protects the battery on Cal Scan s downhole gauges battery icon The image of a battery that appears on Cal Scan s Hawk 9000 display when the battery is low and needs to be replaced Bin file Binary file Bin files contain raw data that needs to be recompensated or recalculated from machine language before it can be understood by humans BNC connector Bayone Neill Concelman connector Standard connector used to connect 10Base2 coaxial cable bullet nose The end of the Cal Scan s downhole gauges that has a point like the end of a bullet calendar time The actual time as opposed to Delta time calibration A process of dividing and numbering the scale of an instrument corr
157. ype C Inslal In inscal y Safe Class Div 1 Zener Safety Barier i P F 228 orequuaent ov Has Groups ABCD l En H m g O i 0 0 Fower Bosrd Power nput H 2 without Rs485 wired O _ O 0 Ane re in 3 ome Bro o am Fe nal r tO Tpe Binstall Intrnsically Ste S Hezmouslocation gt Nonhaz mous locaton Onea Class Div 1 t Gahanically bolated Safety Ba rier Hoek 9000 GrupsAac D Pr FKFIO S2 EN Borequha ent 24VDC x Emp Cbss R i VS28VIs0 93MACa 008SUFiz3mH Rewer apply Installation Sicgrarr 1 0 O 0 H O0 Fower Board Power mput i without F485 wied 005 t o wae in i 0 0 Installing Permanent Hawk 9000 Use only properly rated cables for best performance and IS safety The included battery pack supplies the real time clock in the event of power failure This preserves the time if the main power fails After connecting the main power and starting the Hawk 9000 attach the battery to the battery backup connection Make sure to use a tie wrap to secure the wires to prevent the wires coming loose Use tie wrap to En Battery Backup 9V dc to 28V dc Ground Main Power Shielded Use tie cable use wrap to shield as secure ground return RS485 Connection 183 Field Wiring Specifications for Hawk 9000 Shielded twisted pair cable made specifically for Fieldbus has the characteristics that are important for good signal transmission and comp

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