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1. System out println t tobserved mbean mn getObservedObject System out println t tobserved attribute mn getObservedAttribute System out println t ttrigger mn getTrigger else System out println Wrong notification type Conclusion This article describes an intelligent solution to integrate a custom multithreading framework using J2EE container architecture Message driven Beans implement the function of custom threads The J2EE container manages the lifecycle of the MDB instances By using a JMX notification model we can monitor the runtime status of the MDB based framework running in a distributed environment Resources e Tankut Bari Aktemur Sinan Uakli Hakan Onur Work Thread Pool Framework www cs bilkent edu tr taosd03 Presentations WTPFW ppt e Programming WebLogic Management Services with JMX http e docs bea com wls docs81 jmx index html e Paul Hyde Java Thread Programming Sams Publishing 1999 e Mark Artiges Gurpreet Singh Bhasin Bernard Ciconte Malcolm Garland Saranathan Govidarajan James Huang Subramanian Kovilmadam Kurnal Mittal Paul J Perrone Tom Schwenk Steven Steffen BEA WebLogic Server 8 1 Unleashed Sams Publishing 2003 e Tim Francis Eric Herness Rob High Jr Jim Knutson Kim Rochat Chris Vignola Professional IBM WebSphere 5 0 Application Wi igure e architectural model of the monitoring
2. Personalizing Content Use existing PDF pages as templates Seamless integration with the Generator API PDF Generator v3 0 ighly efficient class library for real s available natively for Java yodel font support and subsetting gt 18 bar code symbologies ment API HTML text formatting nt templating unity Edition DynamicPDF www dynamicpdf com www SYS CON com JD DynamicPDF components will revolutionize the way your enterprise applications and websites handle printable output DynamicPDF is available natively for Java ceTesoftware INFINITE POSSIBILITIES 800 631 5006 1 301 656 1331 May 2005 43 FEATURE is used for various cryptographic purposes The truststore contains the public key in addition to the entity s identity A truststore is the keystore used when making decisions about what to trust If you get some data from an entity that you already trust and if you can verify that the entity is the one it claims to be then you can assume that the data really came from that entity Combined together these files are generically referred to as keystores The files are stored imported in the keystore via a tool pro vided by JRE In JRE this tool is called a keytool and is available with the JRE distribution For example keytool import alias myAlias file CertGenCA pem keypass mypasswd keystore securekeystore storepass mypasswd This command creates th
3. T gt 8 lt table gt 9 lt sqlc gt In the snippet above classes are generated using Bank sql script In this case a Hypersonic temporary database is created the script is executed to create database objects and then Java classes are generated This approach works fine if the DDL in the script is compatible with Hypersonic If you d like to generate classes straight from the target database the preferred method then instead of the script attribute nested lt connection gt element shall be specified This is a sample connection element for Oracle 10 lt sqlc Il dir sqlc_generated 12 docDir sqlcDoc 13 package com pavelvlasov sqlc samples 14 masterEngine BankEngine 15 gt 16 lt connection 17 driverClass com inet ora OraDriver 18 url jdbc inetora server port DB 19 user DBUSER 20 password DBPASSWORD gt 21 lt table gt 22 lt sqlc gt Please note that it uses ORANXO driver because the drivers provided by Oracle itself are not fully JDBC compatible see the compatibility section below The SQLC task shown above produces class files in the sglc_generated directory and HTML documentation in the sglcDoc directory using table metadata The lt table gt element matches all the tables in the database Now we will use the generated com pavelvlasov sql samples BankEngine class to perform database operations BankEngine constructor takes one argument of type com pavelvl
4. e Compression Method In response to the above Hello request from the client the server can either send a Hello message back or return with a handshake_failure alert The following sections explain the mes sages on the server side in response to the Hello Request from the client Server Hello The server will send this message in response to a client hello message when it finds an acceptable set of algorithms If it can t find a match it will respond with a handshake failure alert The following is the debug output from the Java client java ServerHello TLSv1 Just as the client generated a random structure the server also generates a random structure to be used later in the proto col The random structure is similar to the one shown below java RandomCookie GMT 1068318819 bytes 152 122 230 150 51 26 74 27 140 113 192 13 22 76 228 17 150 251 234 30 155 33 77 179 30 31 60 155 The server then generates a session id for the connection If the client session id wasn t empty the server will look in its cache to find a match Ifa match is found the server can reuse this ses sion otherwise it will generate a new session id as shown below java Session ID 254 66 184 128 0 67 156 252 120 36 183 89 192 173 85 191 If the server sends an empty session id back to the client it im plies that the server doesn t want to re use the existing sessions In the next step the
5. gt lt JMSJDBCStore ConnectionPool CustomThreadOracleJDBCPool Name CustomThreadJMSJDBCStore PrefixName TaskStore gt lt JMSServer Name CustomThreadJMS Server Store CustomThreadJMSJDBCStore gt lt JMSQueue CreationTime 1104850073298 JNDIName customThread task Queue Name TaskQueue StoreEnabled true gt lt IMSServer gt SessionDispatcherBean Class Like the TaskDispatcher class the SessionDispatcherBean class works as the delegate of the MDB based framework Because the SessionDispatcherBean class is implemented as a stateless Session Bean and the MDB based framework can be deployed on multiple application servers in the cluster a failure of one application server won t affect the service of custom multithreading The code in Listing 3 illus trates how the SessionDispatcherBean class handles a client s request of processing a trade WorkerMDB Class The WorkerMDB class plays the same role as the WorkerThread class in the Java thread based framework It implements the function of the custom thread The WorkerMDB class is a Message Driven Bean The code in Listing 4 shows how the WorkerMDB class processes the task when it gets the message from the Task Queue EJB Container The EJB container in the MDB based framework performs the role of the ThreadPool class in the Java thread based CME The WorkerMDB instances provide the multithreading service and the EJB contain
6. InetSoft Style Report are trademarks or registered trademarks of InetSoft Technology Corp Java and J2EE are trademarks or registered trademarks of SUN Microsystems Inc Desktop ZOAN A i dia S en Romain Guy a long time Java developer is the author of the Jext source editor free software available at jext org He is involved in other Open Source or free projects Romain also works as a journalist for a French computing magazine 58 and as a translator for O Reilly France romain guy jext org May 2005 by Romain Guy All Java programmers are aware of a peculiar entity living in their Java Virtual Machine known as the Garbage Collector Although we all use it every day only a few of use know exactly what it is and how it works Unquestionably useful the Garbage Collector can hurt the performance of your application without you even knowing it In this article you will learn about its inner workings and understand how to tame it to boost your programs he Garbage Collector which I will call GC from now on is a benevolent sentinel present in every JVM Its role is to identify and free chunks of memory left unused by the currently running application Its job should shed some light on the origin of the name garbage collector Despite the depreciating name the GC is like Dilbert s garbage man who is very smart even smarter than you sometimes During its lifecycle an application creates a certain
7. enterprise The exact nature of an ESB is widely debated Some people see it as a prod uct others as just an architectural de sign pattern But most agree that an ESB can be thought of as the nervous system of the enterprise It s the enterprise state machine that gets its stimulus in the form of business events as actors invoke services or exceptional conditions arise These events flow across the bus and are evaluated based on business rules The rules glue the decoupled services together to create a business process As the rules invoke additional services more events are triggered and the whole cycle begins again The simplest way to explain the execution of a state machine is seen in Figure 1 An actor invokes an action that then fires an event The event is evaluated against the state of the sys tem based on the conditions or rules of the system Conditions that evaluate to true then invoke another action and so on Regardless of whether an ESB is a product or not it s imperative that services are designed so they can plug easily into the ESB ensuring that all ser vices publish an event to the ESB when they re invoked This kind of crosscut ting concern is best done using Aspect Oriented Programming AOP which dynamically inserts new code into existing code As a result legacy code can be enhanced and new code can be developed more cleanly This AOP enabled ESB can be ex plained best by an example There ar
8. framework The code snippet in Listing 5 shows how to start the framework to monitor the queue customThread task Queue That s configured on multiple application servers for the MDB based framework The Monitor component of the moni toring framework exposes the runtime status of the MDB based multithread ing framework For example when the number of messages in the Task queue exceeds the threshold the Monitor sends a JMX notification When the Listener component gets the notification it starts writing data to files Here s a sample Listener component public class MonitoringFrameworkListener implements RemoteNotificationListener public void handleNotification Notification n Object handback www SYS CON com JD Business Objects the Business Objects logo and Crystal Reports are trademarks or registered trademarks of Business Objects SA or its affiliated companies Copyright 2005 Business Objects SA All rights reserved Visual Report Designer Use an updated point and click designer to create reports and alleviate intensive coding NEW Dynamic Cascading Prompts Minimize report maintenance with automatically updated pick lists and cascading prompts Report Distribution Distribute reports to multiple formats including XLS PDF XML and HTML without the need for coding Repository Explorer Reduce report design time by reusing existing report objects across applications NEW Report Dependen
9. site implementation including the ability to render individual page frag ments along with complete pages These modifications don t map well to most Web architectures particu larly MVC frameworks such as Struts And despite the claim that ESI was specifically designed with portals in mind I have yet to find a successful implementation with any commercial portal platform such as WebLogic and Vignette To get the desired flex ibility ESI shifts a significant part of the load for generating every page to the origin server If a page contains multiple includes each one has to be requested separately so page load times can actually be increased overall especially when going over a highly latent connection www SYS CON com JD Edge Computing The most radical step in bringing dynamic content closer to the user is to generate it right at the edge Akamai offers an Edge Computing solution based on WebSphere that deploys J2EE components such as JSPs and servlets to the edge of the network Usually only the presentation components are pushed to the edge however the offer ing includes Cloudscape a lightweight database that can be used to store rela tively static application data such as product catalogs If used appropriately this option is unbeatable for versatility performance and load management But building and managing massively parallel applications is a very com plex task full of potential pitfalls and un
10. tools don t do it compiles parameterized statements to Java methods This is a short summary of SQLC s advantages e Simplicity SQLC requires little devel opment time configuration and no deployment time configuration no deployment descriptors at runtime e Robustness Build time verification of SQL statements SQLC uses the metadata information provided by the target database Problems with SQL syntax errors invalid DB object names are revealed at build time e Reusability Compiled classes can be used by many applications working with the same database Generated classes for example can be distrib uted as jar files In application server environments engine classes can be mounted to the JNDI tree Storing DATABASE by Pavel Vlasov statements in the database allows you to reuse tuned statements in non Java applications as well Separation of concerns and division of labor A data modeler models the database DDL and develops SQL statements DML optimal for the database A Java developer uses gener ated classes methods to access modi fy data He or she doesn t need to know SQL at all and only needs a superficial understanding of the underlying data base structure which will come from SQLC generated documentation Corollaries of the previous point are Modifiability and maintainability Compiled classes define an interface between the database and Java code Data modeler is free to modify DDL a
11. Clay http www azzurri jp en software clay index jsp Database modeling plug in for Eclipse Hibernate http www hibernate org popular Java O R mapping framework Software Architecture in practice Len Bass Paul Clemens Rick Kazman ISBN 0 321 15495 9 ORANXO http www inetsoft ware de English Produkte ORANXO default_main htm Mostly JDBC com patible fast driver for Oracle iBatis SQL Maps http www ibatis com common sqlmaps html Java DB mapper Jad http kpdus tripod com jad html Jadclipse http sourceforge net projects jadclipse will allow you to look inside generated classes if you want to DJ Java Compiler http members fortunecity com neshkov dj html nice GUI Java decompiler Uses Jad behind the scenes www SYS CON com JD ZF netSoft open standards innovation Style Report 7 Light Weight Integration Ready Enterprise Reporting amp Analysis Data Production Ad Hoc Analysis Reports Reports Alert l DERAIOT ILO Bursting J architecture x 4 5 z O rm Java J2E open standards l Windows Traditional BI Challenges Style Report Solutions Monolithic resource intensive Light weight integration ready Proprietary software stack Open software stack J2EE drop in Requires ETL Data warehouse Real time transactional DB and OLAP For more information and to download a free evaluation COPY sseseseeeeeee www inetsoft com jdj
12. Java HotSpot VM Options You should also read A Collection of JVM Options by Joseph Mocker who gathered a comprehensive list of Sun s JVM command line flags Besides the heap HotSpot can change the behavior of the GC itself Although the algorithms don t differ much you can choose among three different execution modes The GC interrupts the application for minor and major collections This is a troublesome behavior on multiprocessors where you lose a lot of CPU power every time the GC is used You can lessen if not avoid the impact on performance by carefully picking the GC execution mode The first one is called incremental garbage collection As its name suggests this mode does a bit of major collecting every time a minor collection is run Global performance suffers from this execution mode but you get rid of those nasty pauses caused by major collec tions Incremental garbage collection also tends to leave the heap in a fragmented state So it s a good idea to limit its use to applications with long lived objects It can help you in a subtle way to obtain more responsive Swing UIs The second mode is a parallel GC using many threads at once at least one per processor to do minor collections If your target com puter has less than three processors it is unlikely you will ever notice a difference This option is particularly well suited to heavy servers running applications spawning many short lived objects like web servers Young
13. Listing 5 These are the names factories or queues that the session bean and MDB will use to access the MQSeries queues With the bean configurations done I can write the code in the session bean and MDB to access the MQSeries queue via the JMS resource adapter as shown in Listing 6 Publish the Application as a JAX RP based Web Service Now that you ve created the EJB application accessing MOSeries via a JMS resource adapter you re ready to publish it as a JAX RPC Web service To publish the Web Service that is package and deploy it so external clients can send and receive SOAP messages to it you must follow these steps 1 Create the artifacts necessary for the server to understand that this set of Java classes is a Web Service Conceptually youre creating a binding between the inbound SOAP message an invocation and the returned results of a particular Java class and method For stateless EJBs as in our example this is fully standardized in J2EE 1 4 2 Create a WSDL document describing the service This becomes the external contract that the Web Service conforms to Most tools regardless of programming language can generate a Web Services client based on this document 3 Create the deployment packaging so the JAX RPC service can be deployed to a J2EE server This step often generically referred to as Java Specification Request JSR 109 describes the required artifacts every J2EE server needs to successfully deploy an
14. Space Free space Eden Survivor Survivor Tenured Space Structure of the heap in HotSpot JVM Figure 1 The heap is a contiguous memory area divided into two major spaces May 2005 59 Desktop OAN FEATURE Finally yet importantly a concurrent GC can do incre mental major collection without interrupting the applica tion for long periods of time A concurrent GC can also use parallel execution for minor collections According to Sun Microsystems this execution mode gets good results with interactive applications running on a single processor com puter To choose among these three modes and set them up you need to use the following command line flags e Xincgc activates incremental garbage collection e XX UseParallelGC activates the parallel GC The number of threads used to do minor collections is defined by the XX ParallelGCThreads lt a number gt flag e XX UseConcMarkSweepGC activates the concurrent GC Parallel minor collections can be activated as well by using the XX UseParNewGC flag To measure the impact of your choice on your applica tion you ll want to use the verbose gc command line flag You ll then get a GC activity trace on the standard output Redirecting the standard output to a file and running the fol lowing Python script will let you draw very useful charts as shown in Figure 2 This script can be used by specifying a file name as the first parameter or by piping it directly to th
15. ability to import server certificates and copy that to the file In other words if the server that has the certificate hosts any Web ap plication that can be accessed by an Internet browser over a SSL connection you may be able to import the certificate from say Internet Explorer For a detailed description of how to import the server certificate from the browser you should refer to the browser specific help The other option generally followed in the industry is to manually distribute the public key certificate of the server to the programmatic clients Generally the server certificates are in PEM DER or CER formats and typically contain informa tion such as issuer valid dates signature algorithm MD5 RSA subject and the public key of the server Once the certificate has been obtained from the server it s stored in a keystore on the client machine so it s accessible by the client at runtime In a JRE model the keystores primarily comprises two files a keystore and a truststore The keystore consists of an entity s identity and its private key The keystore DynamicPDF Merger v3 0 Our flexible and highly efficient class library for manipulating and adding new content to existing PDFs is available natively for Java Intuitive object model PDF Manipulation Merging amp Splitting Document Stamping Page placing rotating scaling and clipping Form filling merging and flattening
16. an explosive effect way beyond its initial concep tion on software development One of the questions at the end of EclipseCon 2004 was why the Web Tools Project WTP seemed to have stalled Since then a lot has occurred with WTP and this year s conference had a number of technical sessions and a BoF on WTP showing its prog ress and the health of the project The Eclipse Test and Performance Tools Platform Project TPTP is another success story with the goal of providing a common API and data model for monitoring testing tracing and profiling tools What is nice about TPTP is the way that its contributors have managed to create a very func tional base yet they re the very same DESKTOP JAVA VIEWPOINT companies that provide value add in their commercial offerings by extend ing TPTP in their own product lines that benefit from the core frameworks and data interchange model EcliseCon 2005 also saw interest in the Business Intelligence and Report ing Tools BIRT which has the goal of providing a set of reporting features and scripting to allow J2EE Web apps to produce Web and PDF based reports What I find refreshing about BIRT is that it was proposed by Actuate and TPTP is led by SCAPA underlining the fact that the Eclipse Foundation enjoys and benefits from the depth and breadth of knowledge of the large num ber of companies that form its base I came away from this year s confer ence with the feeling that
17. application server Java thread based CMF is discouraged in the J2EE applications for the following reasons J2EE Application Server Can t Control Custom Threads The J2EE application server container is configured to manage all the threads in the Java Virtual Machine The threads from the CMF wont carry the implicit context that a container normally puts on a thread The container loses control over the custom threads created explicitly by the CMF because it s not aware of their existence Consequently if a custom thread fails the container will not be able to detect the failure and so can t recover the thread either by reclaiming the resources occupied by the particular thread or by restarting it to complete the assigned task The presence of unmanaged failed threads in the application server can seri ously impact the stability scalability and performance of the application server Thread Based CMF Affects the Load Balancing in the J2EE Application Cluster Since a J2EE application server isn t aware of the custom threads in the CMF it s also not aware of the work being done by the threads and so won t account for the impact that the additional threads have on the overall workload of the serv er This will affect the load balancing of the J2EE application cluster It will poten tially over assign work to the server and result in significant throughput or perfor mance problems with the server The EJB 2 0 s
18. applications Designed to be easy to use and very extensible Fully functional evaluation kit No runtime fees Full source code Excellent support Free evaluation at www nwoods com go 800 434 9820 or 603 886 9173 Nor h woad SOFTWARE CORPORATION May 2005 55 DATABASE 5 With plain JDBC a developer can mi ployment A development team is typically in a magazine article There s an excellent stype table or column name forget to close gone shortly after initial deployment So book written by the author Not in this 5 JDBC resources issue queries that run for skillset requirements apply to maintainers article What you just read is pretty much F hours because the proper index wasn t cre too the complete SQLC user manual E ated and do a lot of other scary stuff Probably the best way to find out Using plain JDBC also implies the devel _ _ Batis SQL Maps whether SQLC is right for you is to 56 May 2005 oper knows SQL and leads to a mix of Java and SQL JDBC is the most flexible All other tools are built on it but at the same time work ing with plain JDBC is the most code in tensive approach Hibernate Hibernate no doubt is a great O R mapping tool It also has many features that SQLC doesn t address for example caching and relationship navigations Preferring it to SQLC depends on whether your developers are already familiar with Hibernate If they re not or if you re going to outsource
19. at http java sun com j2ee javaserverfaces down load html Unzip it in a directory where a set of subdirectories will be cre ated Suppose for a moment that you downloaded jsf 1_1 zip in C Documents and Settings My Documents jsf 1 1 A set of subdirecto ries in C Documents and Settings My Documents jsf 1 1 jsf 1_1 will be cre ated when your unzip the file You will need the following files from C Documents and Settings My Documents jsf 1 1 jsf 1_1 lib for your Web application www SYS CON com JD commons beanutils jar commons collections jar commons digester jar commons logging jar jsf api jar jsf impl jar jstl jar You will also need a standard jar file that can be downloaded from http archive apache org dist jakarta taglibs standard binaries jakarta taglibs standard 1 0 1 zip You may want to use another location for more recent version Unzip the downloaded zip file in a directory and locate stan dard jar All these jars should be copied under Tomcat Home webapps Directory with Your Application auxiliary directory WEB INF lib Usually brackets enclose mandatory values while brackets enclose values that can be omitted Tomcat Home is a full path to the directory that contains Tomcat If Tomcat Home is C jakarta tomcat 5 0 19 the directory with your application is DwhetSE the auxiliary directory is WebContent which will be written as C jakarta tomcat 5 0 19 webapps DwhetSF WebC
20. based console service does not start a new pro cess each time a terminal request is received but instead spins offa new instance The huge advantage is decreased startup time the tradi tional downside is that if one console experiences an error it can take down all the other running consoles something that was very frustrating for early users The MVM plan is to ls This the End of J2EE spin off applications that would be a higher risk for example using JNI in their own process space We will have to wait to see a public download but getting a product from research into production is hard and requires a lot of dedication A New Java CPU The first shipping Java appliance from Azul Systems is the second piece of news of note In the early days of Java there was some interest in having a Java CPU however the focus was to replace the most complex applica tion of all the desktop Azul Systems have mitigated this by narrowing their scope to J2EE application servers However the big surprise is the cost of a dedicated Java CPU CNET reports that the base produc tion systems cost just under 200 000 for a 192 CPU system or approxi mately 1 000 dollars per processor and peaks out at just under 800 000 dollars That is a great leap of faith for some although the price is in line with large systems from traditional Unix vendors There is a trial 89 CPU system for demo users but time will tell if there is demand f
21. come up with appropriate design patterns for particular problems Still there are situations where design patterns either don t exist or offer an inefficient solution In that case the solution may rest with design principles and heuristics Putting It All Together The sections above described the content of each OO design pyramid level Interdependencies between pyramid levels are represented by a complex graph that confirms their controversial semantics As seen in Figure 2 which represents relationships between the first and the second levels basic OO principles and OO design principles some OO design principles depend on multiple basic OO prin ciples while others are drawn based on other considerations www SYS CON com JD Product Company Patterns URL Rational Software Architect Rational Rose XDE Developer for Java IBM Rational IBM Rational GOF 2EE www 306 ibm com software awdtools architect swarchitect index html www 306 ibm com software awdtools developer java Borland Together Architect Borland www borland com together architect index html Borland Together Designer Borland www borland com together designer index html Visual Paradigm for UML Visual Paradigm www visual paradigm com productinfovpumlee php VI Vv VI vo Sissi MagicDraw UML No Magic Wwww magicdraw com Enterprise Architect Sparx Systems www sparxsystems com au ea htm System Arch
22. consultants and the emerging array of standards compli ant enterprise services www oracle com NuComm International Uses Report to Boost Productivity Jinfonet Software a provider of 100 J2EE em bedded reporting solutions has announced that NuComm International a Canadian based provider of customer relationship and contact center services has embedded JReport to provide integrated and automated report ing functionality to its NuStar performance management platform NuStar serves as a process management system for developing launching and managing both client and internal campaigns This includes conducting automated surveys monitoring and managing inbound and outbound calls and integrating voice recognition chat and e mail services JReport drives customer service and program responsiveness by creating reports that are ful ly actionable analysts and end users can sort filter and drill through reports in real time to meet specific data presentation requirements www Jinfonet com Quest in Leaders Quadrant in Magic Quadrant for J2EE Application Server Management Irvine CA Quest Software Inc a provider of application database and Windows man agement solutions has announced that it has been listed in the leaders quadrant in Gartner s Magic Quadrant for J2EE Application Server Management 2005 According to Gartner the vendors listed in the leaders quadrant possess a large satisfied installed base and
23. data transfer state management message construction routing chan nels and transformation Each pattern describes intent motivation applicabil ity structure participants collabora tions consequences and implementa tion using one of the common nota tions most often UML To manage design patterns better and simplify their application to real systems all patterns are categorized Categories reflect the approach to group them together For example the Gang of Four GoF patterns generally considered fundamental to all other patterns were categorized by their authors into three groups Creational Structural and Behavioral Java practitioner Steven John Metsker categorized these same patterns into different groups Interfaces Responsibility Construction Operations and Extensions The rule of thumb is to try to apply patterns where application design would benefit from performance and flexibility Sometimes however designers have to choose patterns based on just one benefit For example to improve performance designers Design Time gt oo Design Flaws Figure 3 Design time vs quality 1 basic OO principles 2 00 design principles 3 design patterns should always apply the core J2EE patterns of Data Access Object Front Controller Session Facade Service Locator Transfer Object Transfer Object Assembler Value List Handler and Composite Entity In most cases it s possible to
24. development then Hibernate can be costly Hibernate is open source and doesn t cost a groat but the Hibernate reference manual is 140 pages long and Hibernate book is 400 pages Effectiveness in Hibernate requires knowing tools like Xdoclet and Middlegen In the case of in house developers the cost will take the form of low productivity and a high level of rework during the learn ing period In the case of outsourcing the cost will take the form of the higher rate of Hibernate proficient contractors Also note that part of the cost may be for nothing For example specifics of your application may make the Hibernate cache not only useless but dangerous Caching works fine if your application is the only one modifying the database In such a situation roundtripping to the data base is required only on data modification insert update delete This scenario cor responds to the commit option A for EJBs If there s more than one process updat ing the database at the same time then the only advantage of caching is reusing the instances commit option B in EJB But in critical applications reusing instances may not be acceptable to avoid any chance of manipulating with stale data commit option C in EJB This is where caching shouldnt be used at all Transparent relationships management also isn t as good as it appears Misunder standing the concept can lead to a mess Trust me I ve seen it Reportedly roughly 80 of a typ
25. er manages the lifecycle of the WorkerMDB instances The following snippet from WebLogic Server 8 1 weblogic ejb jar xml is a sample of configuring an MDB pool lt weblogic enterprise bean gt lt ejb name gt customThread WorkerMDB lt ejb name gt lt message driven descriptor gt lt pool gt lt maxbeans in free pool gt 200 lt max beans in freepool gt lt initial beans in free pool gt 20 lt initial beansin free pool gt lt pool gt lt destinationjndi name gt customThread taskQueue lt destination jndi name gt lt message driven descriptor gt lt enable call by reference gt True lt enable call by reference gt lt weblogic enterprise bean gt JMX Based Monitoring Framework Java Management Extensions JMX define the architecture and services to actively administer resources The JMX was originally released as individual Java technology but now it s a part of J2SE 5 0 For demonstration purposes we ll design and implement a JMX based monitoring framework on WebLogic Server 8 1 The monitoring framework provides the service of capturing and notifying the status of MDB based mul tithreading framework before it occurs The component diagram in Figure 6 illustrates the architectural model of the monitoring framework The monitoring framework is based on a JMX notification model It is made up of Monitor Manager and Listener com ponents The Manager component con trols the start and stop of the monitoring
26. framewor Server Wiley 2003 Figure 6 The architectural model of the JMX monitoring f k Listing 1 public synchronized void addOneTask Task task public class TaskFIFOQueue queue add task private static TaskFIFOQueue instance null notifyAll private Vector queue public synchronized Task getOneTask private TaskFIFOQueue throws InterruptedException queue new Vector if queue isEmpty wait public static TaskFIFOQueue getInstance i if instance null Task task Task queue get 0 instance new TaskFIFOQueue e E notifyAll return instance return task 14 May 2005 www SYS CON com JD Get the a X complete picture ES ng EE a Ibi it a eno aeg E a 6 E Slit a ie OS Discover the New AT 7 j AA A K r m m WF N ILOG JViews Graphics Components First comprehensive Java graphics toolkit for Eclipse Full Java Server Face JSF Support Build better GUIs in less time Exceed your application requirements Reduce your development time amp risk Improve user experience amp value Advanced BPM modeling and monitoring displays data charts gantt scheduling amp resource displays network amp equipment displays network diagrams EMS NMS telecom displays custom dashboards and more Whatever your display needs for desktop or Web client JViews has the solution Learn more Test drive an Eval Call 1 800 for ILOG or go to w IL
27. in the order of the client s choice first choice first Each CipherSuite defines a key exchange algorithm a bulk encryption algorithm including secret key length and a MAC algorithm The server will select a cipher suite usually the first in the list if supported by the server or ifno acceptable choices are presented return a handshake failure alert and close the connection The following is an example of the cipher suites sent by the cli ent to the server java Cipher Suites SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_ 128 MD5 wvsessssssssssssssssssssssssesseeeees TLS DHE_ RSA_WITH_AES_ SSL_DHE DSS EXPORT WITH DES40 CBC_SHA Along with the CipherSuites the client also sends a list of the compression methods supported by the client sorted by client preference The compression algorithm translates an SSLPlain text structure into an SSLCompressed structure This algorithm may be used to compress the data prior to encryption In the following debug output the compression method java Compression Methods 0 In essence during the hello message the following security attributes are established e Protocol Version The version of the SSL protocol by which the client wishes to communicate during this Session and is typically the highest valued version supported by the client 66 In the above example the protocol version is TLSv1 e Session ID Used to identify any existing session between the same Client and the server e Cipher Suite
28. measure only the Web server s performance The results can be brilliant The web server may be very good but the other parts of the schema can be the bottleneck that prevents you from getting satisfactory results We obviously will need to measure the performance of the whole set to get results from the point of view of the application What Are Benchmarks Benchmarks are useful tools that let you evaluate performance from the point of view of the end user Benchmarks help you pick the optimal hardware and software Benchmarks used to make a final decision should be the same for each language com piler tools for Web applications and Web servers Obviously you need to run benchmarks with your own software hardware combination rather than rely on third party results Where to Find Information on Benchmarks A good place to start is http www netlib org benchmark This site also has references It s useful to do some research using search engines like www yahoo com and the keyword bench mark Whetstone Whetstone is one of the oldest and WEB APPLICATIONS by Anatoly Krivitsky therefore carefully debugged and test ed and most popular benchmarks It is relatively simple and reliable The spe cific form of this benchmark that we re talking about here was described in my book The New Technology of Making Scientific and Technical Documentation by IBM PCs Remote Benchmarking Remote benchmarking will h
29. on http www esi org Illegal use of session on cacheable page public SessionRadar HttpServletRequest request super request public HttpSession getSession logger error MSG add stricter enforcement here return null public HttpSession getSession boolean create d return getSession class SessionRadar public class SessionCop implements Filter public void ianit FilterContig f1lterConti1g throws ServletException public void doFilter ServletRequest request ServletResponse response FilterChain chain throws IOException ServletException add logic to deactivate in production add logic to limit enforcement to cacheable URLs ServletRequest wr new SessionRadar request chain doFilter wr response public void destroy class SessionCop www SYS CON com JD The Last Time You Saw Something This Incredible lt Was Science Fiction SN NitroX Web Application Development for Eclipse NitroX s AppXRay penetrates all layers of your web application and helps annihilate your web application development problems NitroX AppXRay unique features include e Debug JSP tags Java scriplets jsp include etc e Advanced Struts support source and visual editors directly within the JSP for Validation Framework Tiles and Struts configuration e Advanced JSP 2 0 and JSTL support e AppXn
30. private key and converse ly data encrypted with the private key can be decrypted only with the public key However since the public key is publicly available it would be naive to encrypt data using the private key In browser to server communication over SSL when the browser connects to the server the server sends its certificate to the client The server certificate contains among other things the server s public key In figure 1 when the browser connects to a secure site the browser requests the server s certificate which includes the server s public key When it gets the server s certificate the browser performs the following steps e Validates the certificate based on its authenticity and expiry www SYS CON com JD e Uses the certificate it gets to generate its own private public key pair e Uses the public key from the server certificate to encrypt the data to send to the server At the end of this handshake the browser has three keys e The server s public key used to encrypt messages sent to server e Its public key to send to the server e Its own private key to decrypt messages sent by the server that are encrypted by browser s public key When the handshake is over both the browser and the server are ready to communicate with each other over a secure channel How ever all the above message exchange between the browser and the server remains transparent to the user of the site The user only has
31. resource adapter a system level software driver that s used by an application server or a client to communicate and operate with an EIS While a resource adapter is specific to the EIS it represents it s not specific to a particular application server and can therefore be reused across any J2EE applica tion server while enjoying the benents of SOA Java Messaging Service JMS is a J2EE API for Java messaging clients It provides two programming models point to point and publish subscribe In the point to point model one sender puts a message in a queue and it s delivered only to one receiver The publish sub scribe model adds a broadcast mode in which any number of publishers can add messages to a topic and any number of subscribers gets all the messages posted to the topics they subscribe to JMS queues and topics are bound to a JNDI environment and made available to J2EE applications Web Services and JAX RPC Web Services are a set of Internet standard messaging protocols programming standards and network registration and discovery facilities that expose business applications to other services and clients over the Internet in an interoperable fashion using XML messaging standards An important development in the J2EE community has been the standardization of the Web Services API in the J2EE platform with J2EE 1 4 The primary design intent of this stan dardization has been the natural adoption of the supported Web Serv
32. tation titled Open source business models and design patterns As well as documenting various failures and successes in the computing world one message that struck a chord was that to succeed in open source you must design for participation Three days later Lee Nackman CTO of IBM Ra tional Software and one of the original thinkers behind the Eclipse project demonstrated how this was one of the core principles built in from the ground up It had led to the creation of the independent Eclipse Foundation that among its other goals had the aim of achieving serious participation from more vendors This was demonstrated more than anything at the conference that while last year was being talked about as a concept occurred this year BEA Borland Scapa and Sybase recently became strategic members of the Eclipse Foundation and are driv ing forward key projects A quick look at the list of technology projects on http www eclipse org technology shows the level of participation and diversity of the efforts The number of projects that were newly announced in the past few months is a nice litmus indicator of the health of Eclipse and its current growth phenomenon The booth floor of the conference had a large number of companies showcasing everything from testing and reporting products through code analyzers and high level design tools In 2004 many exhibitors were touting Eclipse integration while showing their existing prod
33. the JavaOne Pavilion JavaOne Pavilion June 27 29 2005 oscone Center San Francisco Global COMMUNITY Celebrate the tenth anniversary of Java technology Visionary INSIGHT Hear what the future holds from industry leaders Desktop OAN Pave with Cit He has and l Vlasov is an IT architect iCards in Jacksonville FL 11 years of IT experience he s the author of Ham murapi an open source code review tool He can be reached at http www pavelvlasov com or http www hammurapi org 50 vlasov pavelvlasov com May 2005 ay S for Java Free your Java code from SQL statements compile them to Java classes his article describes a SQL Com piler tool SQLC that generates Java classes from SQL statement and table metadata In doing so SQLC decouples Java and SQL code and enforces a clear separation of concerns between database and Java code and divi sion of labor between data modeler and Java developer The article also ruminates about SQLC O R mapping frameworks taking Hibernate as an example and plain JDBC applicability in different contexts Introduction Recently I worked on a Java application and needed to do a lot of database inter action I didn t want to use plain JDBC for obvious reasons that are nonetheless described below I had already created a data model and didn t want to do double work by mitroring the data model in Java by hand So I looked around for
34. the Sun Java Center 51 patterns of enterprise application The GoF patterns categorized by their authors Creational e Abstract Factory e Builder e Factory Method e Prototype e Singleton Structural e Adapter e Bridge e Composite e Decorator e Facade e Flyweight e Proxy Behavioral e Chain of Responsibility e Command e nterpreter e iterator e Mediator e Memento e Observer e State e Strategy e Template Method e Visitor Table 1 GoF patterns categories May 2005 GoF patterns categorized by Steven John Metsker Interfaces Adapter Facade Composite Bridge Responsibility Singleton Observer Mediator Proxy Chain of Responsibility Flyweight Construction Builder Factory Method Abstract Factory Prototype Memento Operations Template Method State Strategy Command Interpreter Extensions Decorator Iterator Visitor Figure 2 Dependencies between OO design principles and basic OO principles architecture identified by Martin Fowler et al and 65 enterprise integra tion patterns There are also a lot of patterns specific to particular problem domains Design patterns represent common structured solutions to design problems solved in a particular context They re a guide to good design practices and span a wide range of solutions from general topics like object lifecycle and structure to more specific themes such as presen tation business data and integration tiers
35. to reply to each IMS query To handle IMS queries correctly in Java we need to override the method long getLastModified HttpServletReq uest req from HttpServlet The servlet container uses this method to determine when the servlet content was last modi fied The default implementation simply returns the current time which means the content will be considered expired and result in regenerating each page every time Listing 2 contains a simple implementation of the CDNServlet class that provides a fixed time to live window for all content generated by the derived servlets If you have an easy way to determine when specific content expires this implementation can be extended by overriding the getDelay HttpServletReq uest req method When using an MVC framework such as Struts the frame work s front controller servlet should be extended the same way Please note that this approach won t work for JSPs which are navigable directly as in MVC Model I but will work fine with JSP forwards Listing 2 can be downloaded from www sys con com java sourcec cfm There s a simple non technical alter native that doesn t impose any limita tions and is often sufficient If cached and non cached pages have different a look and feel and reside in separate domains e g www domain com versus my domain com most users won t have the expectation that a single session is maintained across the two Conclusion When building a Web application
36. ways to build breadcrumbs It can be done stati cally by defining a primary parent for each node or dynamically based on the actual click path that the user took to get to the page Naturally the latter isn t compatible with Page Caching and your user experi ence team should be cautioned to avoid creating unrealistic user expectations The other consequence of URL based caching is that the pages whose URLs differ are considered distinct and are cached separately even if their content is identical This includes even minor differ ences in parameter values For example if a Web server is configured to add the session ID as a URL parameter there will be no cross user caching and the edge servers will be swamped because they ll be caching endless copies of the same pages Even the order of parameters is important So caching effectiveness can be significantly improved by establishing and maintaining a strict parameter order The best way to achieve this is by using a single URL generator across the entire application The JDK package java net has a number of classes for URL manipulation in particular the one appropriately named URL This class includes methods for pars ing URL strings and assembling URLs from individual components It s useful for sim ple tasks like adding an application root or reference to a URL string Unfortunately it falls short on query parameter manipula tion let alone ensuring their consistent or
37. you add an item to the list Final Thoughts As you can see the e SpreadSheet Engine has a rich set of APIs and we ve barely scratched the surface If you find yourself writing any sort of mathematical application or are in need of a good charting solution e SpreadSheet Engine may be the perfect solution 25 lt table border 0 padding 2 cellspacing 0 gt 26 lt String range A1l C rows gt 27 lt fl InsertRange book Average range lt range gt table false spreadsheetformat true gt 28 lt tr gt 29 lt td gt lt input name columna size 12 gt lt td gt lt td gt lt input name columnb size 12 gt lt td gt 31 lt td gt lt input name columnc size 12 gt lt td gt 35 lt input type hidden name rows value lt rows gt gt 40 lt f1 InsertCell book Average cell D2 gt 43 lt fl InsertCell book Average cell D3 gt 6int rows 6 Strang cella A Be Crt SString values columna columnb columne 30 9 10 if request getParameter rows null 32 lt tr gt ale 33 lt table gt 12 rows Integer parseInt request getParameter rows 1 34 lt br gt 13 for int i 0 i lt cells lengths i 14 36 lt input type submit name Add Row gt 15 cells i cells i rows 37 lt form gt 16 values i request getParameter values i 38 17 3 gt 39Average Price 18 lt f1 SetCell book Avera
38. you can t deploy war files then you need to ftp class jsps the configu Sarees 00 wieter 00 pereen an 0 0 ration and if needed property files Pms aashe Elapoed ame 14 0 kcdlowhet 682000 0 a Submit the changes in server xml to Clich bere te revere to my bome page S P your provider or do it yourself if you re allowed Figure 2 Application s results Conclusion e that begin with the symbols The response jsp The source code is given This article offers a simple but z JSPs are shown in Listings 2 and 3 in Listing 4 powerful JSF and servlet based Web 7 An auxiliary simple index jsp is You can use any IDE that supports application for remote benchmarking used to point the browser at input jsp J2EE 1 4 or even Ant the Apache tool You should now be able to do remote 4 Mentioned pointing is provided by the and a command line compiler to build benchmarking and develop simple to tag lt jsp forward page faces pages the class from the source code The medium level JSF and servlet based input jsp gt The index jsp is located built class should be put under Tomcat Web applications I strongly recom under Tomcat Home webapps Home webapps Directory with Your mend that you check the Web sites Directory with Your Application Application auxiliary directory WEB mentioned here for updates auxiliary directory Listings 2 4 can INF classes package name be downloaded from www sys con com jd
39. 15 years he has focused on architecting and developing large distributed object systems on the enterprise national and global scale His professional interests include solution oriented architectures adaptive frameworks and OO methodologies His professional profile and contact information can be found at www geocities com maclinovsky pro maclinovsky yahoo com 28 May 2005 s the Web becomes an intrinsic part of the economy and our everyday lives the success and survival of many businesses in creasingly depend on the availability and accessibility of their core Web applica tions Although a high degree of scalabili ty and reliability can be achieved through the right combination of local and global redundancy load balancing and sound application design many companies turn to Content Delivery Networks or CDNs such as Akamai or Speedera This article recounts experiences and lessons learned from developing an information portal that serves millions of users and leverages Akamai s CDN How CDN Works Typically CDN providers augment the traditional Web infrastructure shown in Figure 1 a by introduc ing thousands of edge servers usually located at ISPs carriers backbones and other Web hubs around the world They intercept the HTTP traffic directed to the sites of the network s customers and attempt to serve the requests from the closest possible location as shown in Figure 1 b If the requested informa t
40. 2 840 113549 1 1 4 The server certificate will always immediately follow the server hello message Once the certificate message is sent from the server to the client the server hello is over java ServerHelloDone Key Exchange Once the server has sent a certificate to the client a Key Exchange message is initiated It is always sent by the client It will immediately fol low the client certificate message ifit s sent Otherwise it will be the first message sent by the client after it gets the server hello done message Client Key Exchange Message java ClientKeyExchange RSA PreMasterSecret TLSvl The purpose of the key exchange process is to get a token encryp tion key TEK which is used to wrap data encryption keys client write keys server write keys and master secret encryption keys The encrypted pre_master_secret is sent to the server in a client key exchange message The pre_master_secret will be used to gener ate the master_ secret The master_secret is needed to generate the finished messages encryption keys and MAC secrets By sending a correct finished message the parties prove that they know the correct pre_master_secret Finished Message The last message in the SSL handshake process is the finished mes sage A finished message is always sent immediately after a change cipher spec message to verify that the key exchange and authentica tion processes were successful It s essential that a ch
41. 2EE environment is never going to result in a perfect fit Only JReport is built from the ground up to leverage J2EE standards and modular components for seamless embedding in any Web application JReport is ready out of the box with all the tools necessary to empower your application with any reporting requirement From reusable shared report components to flexible APIs JReport is the most complete embedded reporting solution available With the ability to scale to multi CPU and server clusters JReport is a perfect fit for any reporting workload Load balancing and failover protection provide peak performance and uninterrupted access to critical business data In addition JReport integrates with any external security scheme for single sign on JReport s ad hoc reporting lets users access and analyze data on demand from any browser And with cascading parameters embedded web controls for dynamic sorting and filtering drill down and pivot JReport ensures users get the information they want when they want it and how they want it See for yourself why over half of the world s largest organizations have turned to JReport to enable their J2EE applications with actionable reporting When it comes to embedded Java reporting JReport is the perfect fit Download a FREE copy of JReport today at www jinfonet com jd5 K JReport JINFONET SOFTWARE 2005 Jinfonet Software All rights reserved Jinfonet Software and JReport are
42. 8 engine accountDebit amount debit 69 engine accountCredit amount credit 70 Date now new Date System currentTime Millis 71 engine insertPayment 72 getProcessor nextPK PRIMARY KEY PAYMENT 73 now 74 amount T5 now 76 Processed qs debit 78 credit 79 owner 80 payee 81 processed 82 Now we ll take a look at how SQLC gener ates methods using index information We need to collect service charges on accounts with a balance below some limit So first we need to iterate over such accounts Its not a bad idea to use an index on the BALANCE column to make iteration more effective We ll name index IX_ACCOUNT_ SQLC M_BALANCE SQLC to tell SQLC to generate methods using this index M is the index mode BALANCE is the postfix for the generated method Using this information SQLC generates getAccountBalanceLE Q methods that we ll use in our first imple mentation of serviceChargeQ method 83 void serviceCharge BigDecimal limit BigDecimal charge int chargeAccount throws BankException SQLException 84 BankEngine engine getEngine 85 Iterator it engine getAccountBalanceLE limit iterator 86 while it hasNext 87 Account account Account it next 88 if account getOwner equals _bank amp amp account getId chargeAccount amp amp account getBalance compareTo ZERO gt 0 89 BigDecimal amount charge min
43. Avoiding Common Caching Caveats As I said above all caching is done strictly by URLs To prevent erroneous or inconsistent behavior Web apps should render identical HTMLs for all requests with the same URL This i 9 8 G Web client ol Web Server Application Server Figure 1 a Traditional Web Infrastructure Web client faa D n a l Database gt client Edge ie W lt S Web Server Application Server ahini fag Server Web client Edge Server Figure 1 CSN s place in the Web infrastructure May 2005 29 LO ENTERPRISE A CDN includes rendering page for different users or at different moments of time The best way to achieve this behavior is to avoid using the session Completely This dic tum might sound strange and contrary to common wisdom and tradition but given some thought it ll make sense Session context is normally used to track user behavior and accumulate corresponding state This information is then used to customize page content to reflect user history and preferences By introducing a CDN into the application architecture we no longer have the former and need to avoid the latter All the data required to render a specific page should be kept in the page scope everything that transcends it should be kept in the application or global scope Every page that doesn t meet these requirements be cause of personalization or transactional behavior should be explicitly declared non cacheable to the C
44. DN For consis tency it s best to combine all such pages in a separate part of the URL space even in a separate domain that will be excluded from page level caching altogether Remember Macavity the Cat whose main trick was not being there It s challenging to show examples of not using HttpSession in a Java Web applica tion Especially since it s readily available from HttpServletRequest and can be accessed from anywhere the request is Figure 2 Smart URL Utility being passed This includes servlets JSP pages custom tags Struts actions and other MVC components Many of these are outside of the control of Java developers but it s easy to verify that an application is CDN safe using a Filter and HttpServletRe questWrapper Listing 1 details a simple implementa tion of SessionCop and SessionRadar classes that validate and enforce session non use They can be extended to allow stricter enforcement via exceptions limit it to the cacheable region of the URL space and support deactivation in a production environment This rule affects not only application design but also user interaction Some interface elements and behaviors that depend on accumulated state can no longer be supported A good example is breadcrumb control Breadcrumbs are often used in portals to show users their location in a taxonomy If the taxonomy is multi hierarchical i e navigation nodes can have more then one parent there are two common
45. EE ae oe 1 i Advertiser URL Phone Pag e l a ale ai aa ge Sea an Ta Ps iw FEJERE di a i Altova www altova com 978 816 1600 4 l STH PU aao GET Fin iil Borland www borland com jbuilder 831 431 1000 7 ACCE i WSTANTYY 13 FREE RESOURCE CO iNCLue l i Business Objects www businessobjects com dev p26 888 333 6007 ceTe Software www dynamicpdf com 800 631 5006 43 Common Controls www common controls com 49 0 6151 13 6 31 0 53 DataDirect www datadirect com jdj 800 876 3101 Cover IV Google www google com jdj 650 253 0000 51 ILOG http diagrammer ilog com 800 FOR ILOG 15 InetSoft www inetsoft com jdj 57 Information Storage amp Security Journal www issjournal com 888 303 5282 61 Java Developer s Journal www jdj sys con com 888 303 5282 45 JavaOne Conference Wwww java sun com javaone sf 866 382 7151 49 i l Jinfonet Software www jinfonet com jd5 301 838 5560 31 T F pF AIT F F oe a Fi ri J a P r ae Pa iP re PREE p ET TIu major infosecurily issu of thy chay P identity theft cyper terrorism encryption Microsoft microsoft com connectedsystems 19 PET imeter defense arul More cane fo he forefront in ISS the storage and security Microsoft Visual Studio www msdn microsoft com visual Cover II oe e a ki magazine targeted at IT professionals Northwoods Software Corp www nwoods com go 800 434 9820 55 MAGNE CES cl vel clei THON makers Parasoft Corporation www parasoft com jtest_ D 888 305 0041 9 Phoneomena
46. Eclipse by its critical mass of participants is being propelled along new and interesting paths that continue to stretch and test the framework along its underlying principle of extensibil ity around a plug in architecture One of the slides that stuck in my mind was by Carl Zetie an analyst with Forrester s Application Development amp Infrastructure Research Group While doing market research on IDE usage they had asked companies what their adoption of Eclipse was and received two different answers The reported Eclipse usage from IT managers was lower than the programmers The grass roots programmers who perhaps didn t like their department s set of tools had adopted Eclipse to be come more productive in a way that reminded me very much of the early growth of Microsoft Windows where individuals installed it and became productive while their IT departments were busy rolling out late and inflex ible corporate systems The fact that Jason Weber from Microsoft gave a talk at EclipseCon encouraging tools providers to develop for both Visual Studio and Eclipse simultaneously adds its own ironic chord www SYS CON com JD N KOV microsystems INOVE with the Power of Java Connect with the full power of Java technology at the JavaOne conference In depth EDUCATION Evolve your skills in 300 of expert led technical and Bof sessions Real world INNOVATION gt Evaluate proven tools and technologies in
47. Eclipse integration e Makes error prevention feasible and painless which e Windows 2000 XP Parasoft Corporation eee brings tremendous quality improvements cost savings oti 101 E Huntington Dr 2nd Fir Quick Fix automatically corrects errors and productivity increases Linux E Gi e Automatically generates JUnit test cases e Solaris e Makes unit testing and coding standard compliance Www parasoft com e Customizable testing and reporting feasible and painless e Encourages the team to collaborate on error prevention Copyright 2005 Parasoft Corporation All rights reserved All Parasoft product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Parasoft Corporation in the United States and other countries All others marks are the property of their respective owners DESIGN PATTERNS Frameworks in J2EE Containers An efficient way to improve the performance of Java apps ENTERPRISE in Di Li a Sun certified enterprise architect is an expert in business modeling enterprise architecture design middleware architecture design and software architecting He has 12 years of experience in software engineering and technical infrastructure He works as lead enterprise architect for several large scale and high volume e banking systems victor1998 hotmail com 10 May2005 custom multithreading frame work is an efficient way to improve the performance of Java applications It uses an asyn chronous parallel pattern to impleme
48. IS THIS THE END OF J2EE race 0 SYS CON No 1 i Technology Magazine in the World a y oe RS oe S S Qa LN LS Y S V S S S S S amp S F Sd aS NS KZA WWW SYS CON COM JDJ 3 CCE SEL 7 RETAILERS PLEA UNTIL JU 5 99US 6 LY OPO eat OTS E DISPLAY 005 AN JMS WS Meets the date Coding Business Logic Know Your Worst Friend Connector Architecture in Excel the Garbage Collector WWW SYS CON COM JIDSI S 31 2 99C 0 6 gt vgs we Think big Then build Wa PE With Visual Studio NET 2003 you can build enterprise Web applications with less code so you can turn that big idea into reality faster than you ever thought possible For example RAD style Web Forms let you quickly build applications for any are either registered trademarksormtrademarks ofMieroseft Gorporation in the United States and or other countries browser or platform Plus the enhanced HTML editor gives you Intellisense statement completion for HTML tags All of which means you re more productive and more ready to take on your biggest ideas Find out more at msdn microsoft com visual am o am ug al ps Ze ZION Wie IP A ee a J Ii E a Mi punnnesacaueeee A 2004 Microsoft Corporation All rights reserved Microsoft Intellisense Visual Studio Miysnimnenesnaisee 25 a E A pg gi z a i sam PT aA eg pa the Visual Stu
49. Inc 135 Chestnut Ridge Road Montvale NJ 07645 Periodicals postage rates are paid at Montvale N 07645 and additional mailing offices Postmaster Send address changes to JDJ SYS CON Publications Inc 135 Chestnut Ridge Road Montvale NJ 07645 May 2005 5 OQ HOME 000 Jonathan Bruce is XQuery Technology Evangelist for DataDirect Technologies He joined DataDirect after seven years at Sun Microsystems where he served as the JDBC Specification Lead and Architect for the Java platform Jonathan is co author of the book JDBC API Tutorial and Reference Third Edition holds a number of patents and frequently speaks at industry conferences He holds a bachelor s degree in computer engineering and a master s degree in mathematics from the University of Dublin s Trinity College in Ireland Jonathan bruce datadirect com 6 May 2005 Jonathan Bruce he rise in prominence of Service Oriented Architectures SOA has triggered a storm of debates on how best to build enterprise SOA based applications and establish a predominant industry position In the meantime the W3C XQuery language is accelerating toward Recommenda tion status although comparatively little time has been spent debating XQuery s role in SOA I expect that its rising prominence will soon capture the attention of many Java developers seeking to build enterprise SOA based applications The W3C XQuery specification pro vide
50. Integer 1 109 bank serviceCharge new BigDecimal 500 new BigDecimal 5 1000001 110 bank serviceChargeEx checking new BigDecimal 500 new BigDecimal 5 1000001 ili bank serviceChargeEx savings new BigDecimal 5000 new BigDecimal 15 1000001 112 4 www SYS CON com JD The following sections summarize SQLC capabilities Tables From a table SQLC generates e Interface with accessors and optionally mutators for all table columns e Implementation of the interface Java Bean e Select methods that return all table rows e Select method returns a single row by a primary key if the table has pri mary key e Delete method which deletes all rows e Delete method deleting a row by a primary key if the table has primary key e Insert method with as many parameters as there are columns in the database e Insert method with one parameter of the type of the generated table s interface e Update method with one parameter of the type of the generated table s interface The method is generated if the table has both primary key and non primary key columns The method updates non primary key col umns using primary key columns in the WHERE clause Queries Select Statements For each query SQLC generates e Interface with accessors and optionally mutators for all query columns SQLC tries to reuse extend already defined interfaces e Implementation of the interface e Select methods w
51. Java scalable spreadsheet toolset Spreadsheets play an essential role in the business world And now they can also perform a vital function in your Java applications How With the Formula One e Spreadsheet Engine an API driven 100 pure Java toolset for embedding Excel spreadsheet functionality in your applications Use a state of the art graphical development environment to build fully formatted Excel report templates that include formulas functions colors merged cells even charts It s fast easy and effective Include interactive Excel forms and reports in your Java applications Let users manipulate them using their spreadsheet skills and then commit the changes to databases or applications or save them as an XLS file on their desktops Embed Excel spreadsheets that automate complex calculations and business rules on J2EE servers Stop translating spreadsheet logic into Java code today and start leveraging the development skills of your organization s spreadsheet experts Give your users server based spreadsheets populated with up to the minute information directly from data bases XML files and enterprise applications Get control of runaway data warehouses and spreadmarts now Visit us today at www reportingengines com to request a free trial of the e Spreadsheet Engine We ll show you how to make Excel spreadsheets a vital and productive part of your enterprise computing strategies ACTI m4 www reportingengine
52. OG JViews Diagrammer http diagrammer ilog com m ILOG JViews Charts http charts ilog com ILOG JViews Gantt http gantt ilog com ILOG JViews Maps http maps ilog com m ILOG JViews TGO http jtgo ilog com Changing the rules of business 2005 ILOG INC All rights reserved ILOG and the ILOG logotype are registered trademarks and LOG Wiews is a trademark of ILOG All other brand product and company names are trademarks of their respective owners ENTERPRISE in with Servlets and JSF Wringing out performance Anatoly Krivitsky has more that 24 years of experience in IT He has written 20 published papers and books holds five patents and has a PhD in computer science Visit his Web site at www mycgiserver com akrivitsky E mail akrivitsky yahoo com 16 May 2005 owerful computers these days including servers are cheap compared to the good old days In fact they re even cheap compared to what they cost a couple of years ago Vendors are sell ing PCs whose CPUs clock above 3GHz for under 1 400 Their memory and HDD capacity are also impressive We re basically looking at hardware that can potentially offer the perfor mance of a mainframe for a fraction of a mainframe s price The operative word is potentially A gating factor is the set of software and hardware related components that sits between a CPU s clock speed and the end user of the application Consider th
53. Principle CCP and the Common Reuse Principle CRP This group deals with the principles that define packaging approaches based on class responsibilities i e how strongly related the responsibilities of classes are REP makes release granularity equal to reuse granularity CCP says classes that change together belong together and CRP says classes that aren t reused jointly shouldn t be grouped together The package coupling group consists of the following design principles the Acyclic Dependency Principle ADP the Stable Dependency Principle SDP and the Stable Abstractions Principle SAP This group deals with principles that define packaging approaches based on the packages collaboration i e how much one package relies on or is con nected to another ADP prohibits forming cyclic depen dencies among packages SDP says package dependency should be allowed to reinforce package stability and SAP says stable packages should be abstract packages Design heuristics derive from the practical experience of OO develop ers They normally lie on top of design principles but can interrelate with them or even underlie design principles Heuristics can extend design principles to several specific implementations That s why they re on the pyramid along with design principles As design principles heuristics are grouped by their application class structure object oriented applications relationships between cla
54. SL implementation instantiates a SecureRandom class is and seeds for it for use later Socket Creation Implementation So far we have only discussed the steps involved on the client side before the socket connection to the server is initi ated The next step in client to server communication is to create the socket connection as indicated below After a successful invocation of the above call the mutual hand shake between the client and the server is considered complete Both the client and the server are then ready to exchange the data over a secure channel The following section explains the sequence of message ex changes during the mutual SSL handshake Again it s important to remember that these message exchanges remain transparent to the developer 0 Messages The Client and the Server Hello requests constitute hello messages Client Hello The client sends the following client hello message to the server as indicated by the following debug output ClientHello TLSvl The purpose of the Hello message is to establish enhance ment capabilities between the client and the server In other The World s Leading Java Resource Glick Away IA Gina MEDIA The World s Leading i Technology Publisher www SYS CON com JD JDJ is the world s premier independent vendor neutral print resource for the ever expanding international community of Internet technology professionals 7 who use Java P
55. Task and Task Queue The source code of all samples can be downloaded from www sys con com java sourcec cfm The class diagram in Figure 3 shows the solution model of a Java thread based multithreading framework The Task interface represents the abstract of the business cases fulfilled in the business process Business cases are modeled by the Java class that imple ments the Task interface For example the Trade class represents the Stock Trade in a stock trading process The business logic for processing each busi ness case is implemented in the execute method of each class by Di Li The TaskFIFOQueue and the TaskDispatcher classes implement the asynchronous interface of the asynchronous parallel pattern The TaskFIFOQueue class is designed as an intermediary repository that stores unas signed tasks The TaskDispatcher class works as the delegate of the framework which receives clients requests creates an instance of a Java class implement ing Task interface for each incoming request such as Trade class adds a new instance to TaskFIFOQueue The client can continue with other activities without having to wait for its request to be processed The code snippet in Listing 1 at the end of this article shows how to add or get a task from the TaskFIFOQueue The business engine of the asynchro nous parallel pattern is implemented by the WorkThread class and the ThreadPool class The WorkThread class provides the t
56. The catch is you ll need to install the e SpreadSheet Designer While the full API lets you loop through each chart the JSP tag library requires you to name the charts for identification Since this isn t a standard feature in Excel you ll need to use the Designer to apply the name to the chart An easy way to demonstrate e Spread Sheet Engine s charting features is to create a bar graph that compares the normal average to the weighted average Open the average xls file in your spreadsheet program and highlight cells D2 and D3 Next select Chart from the Insert menu and click on Finish You should see a bar chart in your spreadsheet Save the spreadsheet and open it in the e SpreadSheet Designer Click on the chart to highlight it then click on the Format menu bar item Select Object from the dropdown and select the Properties tab In the box marked name enter AverageChart and click on OK Save the spreadsheet again and youre ready to use it in the JSP page To use this version of the spreadsheet you ll only need to make one change to the source in Code Listing 1 Add the following line of code to the end of the JSP file lt fl InsertChart book Average chart AverageChart gt This code uses the AverageChart name to find our chart and automatically insert it into the HTML output When you run the JSP page note that the chart automatically updates every time
57. a carpal tunnel friendly tool something like the erstwhile FoxPro 2 6 To my surprise I found none Nowadays everybody seems to care about flexibility but not simplicity After pondering for a while I preferred creative typing over mundane and wrote a tool that generates interfaces and meth ods from database metamodel Lo and behold SQLC was born SQLC generates Java classes and inter faces from information provided by java sql Connection getMetaData0 java sql PreparedStatement getMetaData Q and java sql PreparedStatement getParameter MetaDataQ methods It uses BCEL and helper classes and techniques described in XREF ARTICLE_6207 SQLC gener ated classes use Squirrel as a foundation which minimizes the amount of gener ated code see resources don t mix up with Squirrel SQL client You may think Oh yet another O R mapping tool why would I waste my time reading about it Well SQLC is not an O R mapping tool at all Like spiritualists and materialists have different answers to the question What is primary spirit or matter SQLC and O R mapping tools offer different answers to the question What is primary data or objects SQLC treats data as primary and only as data i e no behavior For example a credit card has no behavior per se it s just a tuple Behavior belongs to the objects op erating with the credit card not the credit card itself SQLC also does something what other
58. a very new NET platform even to the extent of focusing less on the comparison of Java versus C Why change one of the most successful brands now Only the marketing teams at Sun know the real answer The J2SE name in particular never got the industry recognition that J2EE received but changing all the brands for consistency is never cheap What it means for the average Java developer is unclear It is now more descriptive to say that you area Java Enterprise Edition developer but at the same time clients and recruiters will still be looking for a J2EE develop ers so I doubt the J2EE name will ever really disappear ya CORE AND INTERNALS VIEWPOINT Regardless if you call yourself a J2EE or Java Enterprise Edition developer there were two other pieces of interesting news this month The first was another article from Sun about the Barcelona project the Multi Tasking Virtual Machine MVM the second item was the first shipping Java system from Azul Systems The Multi Tasking Virtual Machine The MVM JVM is still a research project but garners a lot of attention in and outside Sun The claims are that using the MVM technology will result in more scalable JVMs with improved startup time The version I tried at Sun didn t use the standard isolated JSR and I didn t get very far making it work on Solaris The MVM model is similar to other service style models like the X based console ter minal service The X
59. account getBalance 90 transfer amount account getId chargeAccount bank null 91 92 93 While the method above demon strates the use of the index generated method it has several flaws e All account types are charged in the same manner e We had to use if condition to avoid charging accounts that belong to the bank itself or accounts with no balance To improve the method we ll add a query to sqlc task 94 lt queryname AccountSubjectToServiceCharge gt 95 SELECT FROM ACCOUNT WHERE BALANCE amp gt 0 96 AND BALANCE amp lt AND TYPE lt query gt This will result in the generation of a getAccountSubjectToService ChargeQ method that will be used for enhanced service charge collection 97 void serviceChargeEx String account Type BigDecimal limit BigDecimal charge int chargeAccount throws BankException SQLException 98 BankEngine engine getEngine 99 Iterator it engine getAccountSubject ToServiceCharge limit account Type iterator 100 while it hasNext 101 Account account Account it next 102 BigDecimal amount charge min account getBalance 103 transfer amount account getId chargeAccount bank null 104 105 And finally the main method of the application 106 public static void main String args throws Exception 107 Bank bank new Bank 108 bank transfer new BigDecimal 250 1 1000000 joe new
60. an help We re looking for experienced software engineers with superb design and implementation skills and expertise in the following areas e high performance distributed systems operating systems e data mining information retrieval machine learning and or related areas If you have a proven track record based on cutting edge research and or large scale systems development in these areas we have brain bursting projects with your name on them in Mountain View Santa Monica New York Bangalore Hyderabad Zurich and Tokyo Ready for the challenge of a lifetime Visit us at http www google com jdj for information EOE Google May 2005 51 O DESKTOP 52 May 2005 DATABASE 46 47 engine insertAccountType checking Checking account false 48 49 engine insertAccount 1 new BigDecimal 1000 checking joe true 50 51 engine insertPaymentStatus scheduled Scheduled to be processed in the future 52 53 engine insertPayee 1 123 456 KCP amp L Kansas joe Simple huh No SQL involved Da tabase objects Connection Statement ResultSet lifecycle management open close is encapsulated in SQLProcessor SQLC takes column and parameter nullability into account If there s a column that maps to a Java primitive type and it is nullable then the corresponding wrap per class is used in generated interfaces and method
61. ange cipher spec message be received between the other handshake messages and the finished message The following output demonstrates a finished mes sage exchange java Finished java verify data 155 104 57 51 140 66 235 165 133 234 48 234 java java main WRITE TLSvl Handshake length 32 java main READ TLSvl Change Cipher Spec length 1 www SYS CON com JD java JsseJCE Using JSSE internal implementation for cipher RC4 java main READ TLSvl Handshake length 32 java Finished java verify data 199 237 42 200 45 111 152 20 147 77 110 221 java KKK The finished message is the first protected message with the just negotiated algorithms keys and secrets Once a side has sent its finished message and gotten and validated a finished message from its peer it may begin to send and receive application data over the connection At this point the SSL handshake has been established and both the client and server are now ready to exchange data over a secured connection Summary This article provided you with the message exchange between a Java client and a server when communicating over a secured socket layer as implemented by JSSE The multiple message exchange between the client and the server are crucial to establishing the identity of the each party agreeing on different cryptographic algo rithms protocol version compression and encryption methods Re
62. approaches have their benefits Compile time avoids the extra startup cost demanded by the runtime approach which enhances a class when it s first loaded However EJB 3 0 implementations use the runtime approach so their aspect framework can be used with standard annotations This way you don t have to compile your EJBs for every application server www SYS CON com JD Four business entities are needed to enable the business process The com pany maintains a list of products Cus tomers create their accounts through the portal and then submit orders with line items The data model sufficiently dictates what entity beans will need to be cre ated and the process model provides the rules for the rules engine However the actual services need to be defined Figure 4 Each step in the business process is modeled by a service opera tion The operations are then grouped into services based on functional or data cohesion For example all the opera tions that act on Order entities are put in the OrderService Several additional components are needed to provide a framework Figure 5 An Event object is needed to carry information on the bus A Task entity is needed to store data about the manual steps in the process and a TaskService is defined so users can manipulate the tasks Finally a message driven bean is needed to invoke the rules engine Service Implementation The services provide the actions in the enterprise state mac
63. ar for 69 99 by SYS CON Publications Inc 135 Chestnut Ridge Road Montvale NJ 07645 Periodicals postage rates are paid at Montvale NJ 07645 and additional mailing offices Postmaster Send address changes to Java Developer s Journal SYS CON Publications Inc 135 Chestnut Ridge Road Montvale NJ 07645 Copyright Copyright 2005 by SYS CON Publications Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopy or any information storage and retrieval system without written permission For promotional reprints contact reprint coordinator Dorothy Gil dorothy sys con com SYS CON Media and SYS CON Publications Inc reserve the right to revise republish and authorize its readers to use the articles submitted for publication Worldwide Newsstand Distribution Curtis Circulation Company New Milford NJ For List Rental Information Kevin Collopy 845 731 2684 kevin collopy edithroman com Frank Cipolla 845 731 3832 frank cipolla epostdirect com Newsstand Distribution Consultant Brian Gregory Gregory Associates W R D S 732 607 9941 BJGAssociates cs com Java and Java based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the United States and other countries SYS CON Publications Inc is independent of Sun Microsystems Inc All brand and product names used on these pages are trade name
64. asov sql SQLProcessor SQLProcessor can be created either from java sql Connection or javax sql DataSource Our bank ing application uses getProcessor and getEngine helper method to obtain the engine 23 private SQLProcessor processor www SYS CON com JD 24 25 private SQLProcessor getProcessor throws BankException 26 if processor null 27 28 29 return processor 30 3 31 32 private BankEngine engine 33 34 private BankEngine getEngine throws BankException 35 if engine null 36 engine new BankEngine getProcessor Eve 38 return engine 39 In an application server environment the engine could be bound to the JNDI tree and obtained by the application through JNDI lookup We can t make financial transactions without creating customers ac counts and other reference objects first Below is a fragment of database initialization code that shows how to insert records in each of database tables except PAYMENT 40 BankEngine engine new BankEngine processor 41 engine insertBankUser joe pwd Joe Brown oe 43 engine insertBankRole customer Bank customer 44 45 engine insertUserRole joe customer We ve got problems with your name on them At Google we process the world s information and make it accessible to the world s population As you might imagine this task poses considerable challenges Maybe you c
65. asynchronous and parallel design patterns It s a model that consists of an asynchronous inter face and a business engine The business engine is composed of multiple parallel instances of business services and fulfills the business processes Figure 1 shows the class diagram representing the struc ture of the asynchronous parallel pattern The client doesn t have to have knowl edge of the services that the back end business engine provides It simply sends the requests to the delegate which adds the incoming requests to a mediator repository and returns a result to the client The client doesn t go into a block state waiting for a response from the back end business engine The reposi tory notifies the business engine when new requests are received The multiple parallel instances of the services in the business engine then pick up the requests from the repository and pro cess them concurrently Figure 2 shows sequence diagrams that illustrate typical interactions among the components of the asynchronous parallel pattern Our example is based on an online brokerage system We choose to model the process of an investor placing an order that is routed to the market for execution I simplify the business sce nario so we can focus on the custom multithreading framework Java Thread Based Custom Multithreading Framework CMF The components of a Java thread based CMF include a Thread Pool Worker Thread Task Dispatcher
66. at reflects updated busi ness information or a simple acknowledgement back to this queue linking the received and reply messages using JMSCorrelationID The session beans interface call is synchronously blocked until it verifies that all replies are correctly received The synchronous call here is not a requirement the MDB can also trigger a separate bean to process the reply messages It s optional that the message receipt and reply be included in the same transaction Configuring the JMS Provider and Resource Adapter First I need to properly configure the MQSeries JMS provider and set up a JMS resource adapter to work with MQSeries The resource adapter I used for this example is the OC4J JMS resource adapter which is JCA 1 5 compliant For real business applica tions any JCA 1 5 compliant resource adapter that supports a desired JMS provider e g MQSeries would serve the purpose Configuring MQSeries mostly involves setting up the queues topics and connection factories using the JMSAdmin facility in MQSeries We ll skip the details here I also need to specify a resource provider as opposed to an adapter in OC4J for this application to use MQSeries The resource adapter configuration in OC4J involves three deployment descriptor files ra xml oc4j ra xml and oc4j connec tors xml ra xml is the standard J2EE deployment descriptor for resource adapters For our application I need to define the JMS queue and the queue conne
67. ata look great Ready Set Download f e Chart FX US 800 392 4278 UK 44 0 8700 272 200 Check our website for a Reseller near you FRWAMWASO NEP aaniee Remember the good old days Can you dig it We miss shakin our groove things too You can still get down to Nectarines and Spice s sweet and soulful sounds but you wouldn t use an 8 track tape player to do it It s like that with Microsoft SQL Server Terrific database but the JDBC driver available from Microsoft is old technology you wouldn t use today You need better performance reliability and functionality DataDirect presents today s JDBC the SPECjAppServer ECperf leader Featuring Windows Authentication support J2EE certification and advanced 3 0 specification compliance for SQL Server 2000 and SQL Server 7 Some things are better left in the past Like that pale green leisure suit Why compromise on yesterday s technology Get current with DataDirect Connect for JDBC o A EE Data Direct
68. ates that class should have only one responsibility i e it should avoid putting together responsi bilities that change for different reasons The Open Closed Principle dictates that software entities should be open to extension but closed to modification Modules should be written so that they can be extended without being modified In other words developers should be able to change what the modules do without changing the modules source code The Liskov Substitution Principle says that subclasses should be able to sub stitute for their base classes meaning that clients that use references to base classes must be able to use the objects of derived classes without knowing them This principle is essentially a generaliza tion of a design by contract approach that specifies that a polymorphic method of a subclass can only replace its pre condition by a weaker one and its post condition by a stronger one Dependency Inversion Principle says high level modules shouldn t depend on low level modules In other words abstractions shouldn t depend on details Details should depend on abstractions The Interface Segregation Principle says that clients shouldn t depend on the methods they don t use It means multiple client specific interfaces are better than one general purpose interface The package cohesion group consists of the following design principles the Reuse Release Equivalency Principle REP the Common Closure
69. athan Bruce 6 JAVA ENTERPRISE VIEWPOINT Another Brick in the Wall by Yakov Fain g DESIGN PATTERNS Designing Custom Multithreading Frameworks in J2EE Containers A way to improve the performance of Java apps by Di Li www SYS CON com JD WEB APPLICATIONS Remote Benchmarking with Servlets and JSF Wringing out performance by Anatoly Krivitsky 16 ENTERPRISE Three Sources of a Solid Object Oriented Design Design heuristics scientifically proven OO design guidelines and the world beyond the beginning by Gene Shadrin CDN Building Web Apps That Leverage Content Delivery Networks Five different integration options by Alex Maclinovsky 28 API Coding Business Logic in Excel Morphing an Excel spreadsheet into Java business logic by Jerason Banes MAY 2005 i tie SERVICES AOP Enabled ESB Updating the enterprise nervous system by John Gilbert CORE AND INTERNALS VIEWPOINT by Calvin Austin DESKTOP JAVA VIEWPOINT Total Eclipse by Joe Winchester DATABASE SQL Compiler for Java Free your Java code from SQL statements compile them to Java classes by Pavel Vlasov PRESSROOM Industry News JDJ News Desk VOLUME 10 ISSUE 5 JMS Web Services Meet the J2EE Connector Architecture by Frances Zhao Know Your Worst Friend the Garbage Collector by Romain Guy JD ISSN 1087 6944 is published monthly 12 times a year for 69 99 by SYS CON Publications
70. avigator extends Eclipse hyperlink style navigation to JSP and Struts e Advanced JSP editor simultaneous 2 way source and visual editing with contextual code completion e AppXaminer analyze complex relationships between ALL web artifacts e Real time consistency checking across all layers JSP Struts and Java e Immediate access to variables at all levels of the web application Download a free fully functional trial copy at www m com d do Copyright 2004 M7 Corporation All rights reserved All M7 product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of M7 Corporation Java and all Java based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems IBM WSAD WSSD are trademarks or registered trademarks of IBM LA ENTERPRISE in Jerason Banes is a long time Java developer and architect who enjoys Java architectural challenges He is currently working on a cross platform cross vendor database interface product known as DataDino Database Explorer Jbanes gmail com 34 May 2005 ow many times have you coded a financial engineer ing or pricing calculator and used an Excel spreadsheet as a reference What if you could take that Excel spreadsheet and make that the business logic for a Java application The e SpreadSheet API from Reportin gEngines makes that dream a reality Formula One e SpreadSheet Engine is a complete API for reading and saving spreadsheets It can load a complete
71. be able to use the fol lowing JVM command line options sensibly Each lt size gt tag can be replaced by a size measured in bytes i e 32 765 kilobytes i e 96k megabytes i e 32MB or gigabytes i e 2GB e Xms lt size gt specifies the minimal size of the heap This option is used to avoid frequent resizing of the heap when your application needs a lot of memory www SYS CON com JD e Xmx lt size gt specifies the maximum size of the heap This option is used mainly by server side applications that sometimes need several gigs of memory So the heap is allowed to grow and shrink between the two values defines by the Xms and Xmx flags e XX NewRatio lt a number gt specifies the size ratio between the tenured space and the young space For instance XX NewRatio 2 would yield a 64MB tenured space and a 32MB young space together a 96MB heap e XX SurvivorRatio lt a number gt specifies the size ratio between the eden and one survivor space With a ratio of 2 and a young space of 64MB the eden will need 32MB of memory whereas each survivor space will use 16MB Choosing a value for each parameter is a difficult job that depends solely on the application youre attempting to tweak An application creating large amounts of short lived objects like an HTTP server for instance won t have the same needs as a largely static application like a screen saver Sun provides a helpful document about many HotSpot options called
72. blishing your JMS applica tion as a Web service Resources e J2EE Connector Architecture http java sun com j2ee con nector index html e JAX RPC http java sun com xml jaxrpc e Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition J2EE http java sun com j2ee lt config property gt lt adminobject gt lt outbound resourceadapter gt lt non XA Queue Connection Factory gt lt connection definition gt lt managedconnectionfactory class gt oracle j2ee ra jms generic ManagedQueueConnectionFactor yimpl lt managedconnectionfactory class gt lt connectionfactory interface gt javax jms QueueConnectionFactory lt connectionfactory interface gt lt connectionfactory impl class gt oracle j2ee ra jms generic QueueConnectionFactoryWrapper lt connectionfactory impl class gt lt connection interface gt javax jms Connection lt connection inter face gt lt connection impl class gt oracle j2ee ra jms generic ConnectionWrapper lt connection impl class gt lt config property gt lt config property name gt jndiLocation lt config property name gt lt config property type gt java lang String lt config property type gt lt config property value gt MQQCF lt config property value gt lt config property gt lt connection definition gt lt outbound resourceadapter gt lt resourceadapter gt lt connector gt www SYS CON com JD Excel Paradise API driven embedded 100 pure
73. but free of any data That means that those spaces might grow and shrink with time The way these spaces change their size is an important HotSpot setting You can see three other memory areas in the young space in Figure 1 the eden and two survivor spaces To understand their purpose we need to study the various algorithms used by the GC Whenever a new object is allocated to the heap the JVM puts it in the eden Survivors are treated in turn The GC uses the one that remains free as a temporary storage bucket When the young space gets overcrowded a minor collection is done A very simple copy algorithm is used that involves the free survivor space During a minor collection the GC runs through every object in both the eden and the occupied survivor space to determine which ones are still alive in other words which still have external references to themselves Each one of them will then be copied into the empty survivor space Quickness is the main advantage of this algorithm since it doesn t need to reclaim memory strictly speaking This copy algorithm is fostered by a feature in the modern JVM that ensures that the heap is a single contiguous memory segment This is why it can t exceed about 1 5GB on Windows Microsoft s OS splits the memory address space of a 32 bit process in half by allocating 2GB to the kernel and 2GB to the application Theoretically the JVM should be able to allocate up to 2GB of contiguous memory but it can t because o
74. c and configuration issues that arise when developing Java clients that communicate over SSL It enhances the JSSE guide documentation by walking the reader through a debug output and explaining each message exchange between a client and the server in detail Before starting it s important to note that JSSE is fundamentally different from the Java Authentication and Authorization Service JAAS Secure Socket Layer The SSL Handshake Protocol was developed by Netscape Communications Corporation to provide security and privacy over the Internet SSL ensures that the communications be tween two parties is secured and encrypted It ensures that an intruder on the network can t see the data exchange between a sender and receiver or decipher it in any form SSL does this by fragmenting the message into multiple manageable blocks applying a Message Authentication Code MAC encrypting the message and finally transmitting it to the intended party One of the common uses of SSL is in Internet commerce While Internet browsers have used SSL for several years now its operation remains transparent to most users because the browsers have the in built capability of creating a SSL socket to the server and handling all the underlying complexities Cryptography One important concept used in SSL is cryptography Cryp tography is essential for the secure exchange of information across intranets extranets and the Internet From a business point
75. chema you ll need to add the lt table schema BANK gt to the sqlc task Database Standards and Generation Policy SQLC uses the names of database ob jects to generate Java classes and methods With this database standards gain clear purpose table and field names will com ply with an organization s naming conven tions not just because pesky DBAs want to show their power but because it s needed to generate an intuitive and comprehen sible Java API from the database Different organizations have differ ent DB standards And a standard isn t something that can be changed easily For example according to DB standards at the organization where I worked before the field BALANCE in the ACCOUNT table should have the name ACCOUNT_BAL ANCE_NBR That s OK but I don t want to have a Java property AccountBalanceNbr as SQLC would generate by default I want it to be Balance The solution is to provide a custom implementation com pavelvlasov sql metadata GenerationPolicy The easiest way to do that is to subclass com pavelvla sov sql metadata DefaultGenerationPolicy To solve the problem a generateColumn NameQ method should be overridden Transactions SQLC doesn t mess with transaction management Transactions are attributes of the invocation context For example in EJB when you obtain a datasource and then a connection inside a method that has transactional attribute set that connection should already be properly e
76. cific business case the loss of a message in the Task Queue means that a specific business case in a business process isn t executed The non persistent message is cached in memory during messaging When the JMS provider fails the message can t be recovered The persistent message on the other hand is stored in persistent storage during messaging and is recovered when the JMS provider restarts The MDB based framework uses a persistent JMS delivery model to prevent from losing messages in case of system failure When the server crashes the tasks in the Task queue are stored in persistent storage such as the DBMS or files When the server restarts the tasks become available again and are reassigned to the instances of the WorkerMDB class Since each task is isolated the delay in execut ing the tasks won t undermine the whole business logic The following snippet from WebLogic Server 8 1 configure xml illustrates how to create a Task queue that persists messages in an Oracle DBMS i i i i J l omte i i i aiina Figure 4 Sample collaborations for the Java thread based multithreading framework 12 May 2005 lt JDBCConnectionPool DriverName oracle jdbc OracleDriver Name CustomThreadOracleJDBCPool Password 3DES JPF fsddu8f 7r8QAqZdURg Properties user weblogic Targets examplesServer TestTableName SQL SELECT 1 FROM DUAL URL jdbc oracle thin test 1521 sample
77. code around the invocation of a method dynamically and ensure that every service invocation publishes an event to the ESB The EventInterceptor class takes all the invocation data from the method and puts it in an Event POJO see Listing 2 An interceptor class must define an invoke method that s anno tated with the AroundInvoke attribute Each session bean is annotated with the Interceptor attribute See Listing 1 When each method on the annotated session bean is executed the interceptor is invoked first and passed the invoca tion context The interceptor extracts the context information and puts it in the Event POJO It then tells the method to proceed with its execution Once the method completes the output is also put in the event If an exception is caught then it s put in the event instead and the event name is appended with a Fault suffix to facilitate the error handling rules The finally block handles publish ing the event to the topic Listings 2 4 can be downloaded from www sys con com java sourcec cfm ESB Implementation The rules provide the conditions in the enterprise state machine To implement the ESB and orchestrate the business process a JSR 94 compliant rules engine is used I used Drools because of its native support for Java syntax An MDB is used for the execution environment See Listing 3 The MessageDriven and ActivationConfigProperty annota tions are used to replace the deployment de
78. code for publishing events to the bus and they are decoupled from the rules about how they might interact with other services The architecture is also extensible Services can be added and removed without breaking other services Rules can be added changed and removed without modifying the services Any number of JMS subscribers can be add ed to the bus Some examples might be additional rules engines an AuditMDB that logs all events an IndexerMDB that indexes all the entity beans contained in an event for access by search engines or a DataSummarizationMDB that loads a data warehouse in real time Legacy services can also be enhanced by AOP to publish to the bus without modifying the code The biggest payoff is when this ap proach is scaled up and plugged into a federated peer to peer network of JMS providers Each JMS provider broadcasts its presence to the others Events then flow across the ESB from provider to provider the way e mail flows through mail servers and packets flow through routers As a result services are free to be composed into enterprise wise busi ness processes without upfront knowl edge or modification and without being coupled into a monolithic monster All you have to do to prepare for this is add a little AOP to your services References e Demystifying the Enterprise Service Bus http www bijonline com PDF Sep03Saini pdf e 12 Steps Toward SOA http www bijonline com PDF lint
79. com JD can result in decreased efficiency and increased cost since CDN providers usually charge by bandwidth If ap plicable Full Page Caching is the most effective mechanism from all points of view It offers the most significant load reduction on the entire Web applica tion dramatically reduces roundtrip times for cached pages and ensures availability by serving the cached pages if the origin site goes down The only drawback is that for consistent results this method requires that an application maintain strict URL and content discipline Personalized Page Caching Page Caching can be extended to slightly personalized pages e g ones containing a user s name or a link to My page by using the lt jesi personalize gt tag This mechanism lets some user specific values be calculated and inserted into a page at the edge The information for such resolution comes from session cookies and other parameters such as browser locale from the request It doesn t increase the load on the origin servers compared to Full Page Caching and imposes the same limi tations on the application Edge Side Includes Full Edge Side Includes ESI integration assembles volatile and highly personalized pages at the edge by caching static page frag ments while delegating the genera tion of mutable content to the origin server This mechanism provides the ultimate flexibility but it requires extensive modifications to the Web
80. ct quantities are updated What AOP Entails Aspect Oriented Programming AOP is the name given to the approach of dynamically inserting new code into existing code Typical uses of AOP are referred to as crosscutting concerns These are secondary requirements that need to be applied consistently across all code Classic examples are logging and security Other examples can include persistence validation caching and in this article publishing an event to a JMS topic The actual code that s inserted is referred to as the advice and it must adhere to a particular method Signature The advice Is inserted around the existing code at a point cut Point cuts are defined in one of two ways Most frameworks use XML and regular expressions to define where the advice should be inserted This is good for enhancing existing or third party code whose source code you don t have access to With the addition of Annotations to Java 5 0 it s now possible to define point cuts in the code This is the approach used in EJB 3 0 The combination of a point cut and the advice make up the aspect Your code can be enhanced with the aspect at either runtime or compile time At runtime the classloader works with the framework librar ies to manipulate the bytecode based on the XML descriptor or the annotations At compile time a second compilation step is needed in which the framework s compiler enhances the classes generated by the javac compiler Both
81. ction factory s JNDI names I also need to define a resource provider name that will be used as a prefix for JNDI lookup www SYS CON com JD Listing 1 shows the configurations in ra xml to enable access to the WebSphere MQSeries queue and connection factory The resource provider name is set as MQSeries MQQ and MQQCE which become the JNDI bound JMS objects created using JMSAdmin of WebSphere MQSeries can now be looked up by the application using an ordinary JNDI lookup They can be found in the bindings file created while configuring WebSphere MQSeries JMS Provider oc4j ra xml contains OC4J specific deployment configurations for a resource adapter For example it contains EIS connection information as specified in the deployment descriptor of the resource adapter ra xml the JNDI name to be used as well as connection pooling parameters and resource principal mappings security config element Whenever you deploy a resource adapt er OC4J generates this file if it doesn t already exist in the archive For our application I only need to define a connection factory and reference the JNDI location of the queue connection factory as in ra xml Listing 2 shows the OC4J specific configurations for queue con nection factories in oc4j ra xml Listings 2 6 can be downloaded from www sys con com java sourcec cfm oc4j connectors xml contains a list of resource adapters that have been deployed to OC4J OC4J generates th
82. cy Checker Improve QA Quickly find broken links formula errors and dependency issues NEW Crystal Reports Server Publish reports to the web for secure viewing printing and exporting with a new report server option NEW Crystal Reports XI helps you spend less time integrating reports Kiss those long and tedious hours of integrating reporting into your applications goodbye New Crystal Reports XI from Business Objects adds a host of new functionality designed to reduce the time you spend creating integrating and deploying reporting solutions An enhanced designer extended API and new deployment options offer you and your end users high quality viewing printing and exporting with less effort NEW Free Runtime Licensing Also new to Crystal Reports XI Developer Edition is a royalty free runtime license which allows for unlimited internal corporate deployment of the Crystal Reports NET Java and COM RDC report engine components without having to pay additional licensing fees for multiple servers or CPUs Get home sooner with Crystal Reports XI Visit www businessobjects com dev p26 for full product details information on our new free runtime license or for a free eval download To contact us directly please call 1 888 333 6007 Business Objects DESIGN PATTERNS if n instanceof MonitorNotification MonitorNotification mn MonitorNotification n System out println MonitorNotification attributes
83. d C Item Price and Units We ll use the first column to identify the product the second for the prod uct s price and the third for the number of units sold Feel free to enter data in the three rows When you re done the rows should look something like those in Figure 1 by Jerason Banes Now let s create a cell to display a regular average and a weighted average Click on cell D2 and type AVERAGE B2 B5000 in the calcula tor bar If you used the data in Figure 1 D2 should now show an average of 14 12 Now click on cell D3 and type SUMPRODUCT B2 B5000 C2 C5000 SUM C2 C5000 Again if you used the data in Figure 1 you should have a weighted average of 8 28 That s quite a difference Save the spreadsheet in the web ap plication folder with the name average xls and we will look at loading it into a JSP page using the e SpreadSheet API Displaying the Data With our spreadsheet safely saved as part of our Web app we can create a JSP file to display its contents Create a new JSP file in the Web app directory and call it average jsp Open it in your favorite text editor or IDE Put the following line of code at the top of your JSP file lt taglib uri fltaglib prefix f1 gt This line references the e Spread Sheet tag library allowing our JSP file to access its broad array of functions Next we ll load the Excel file fr
84. d execute a JAX RPC Web Service Dont be intimidated by these steps Many vendors offer GUI based or command line tools that automate them for you for example Oracle JDeveloper BEA WebLogic Workshop IBM WebSphere Studio Site Developer Using these tools the steps are as simple as identifying the class you want to publish Listing 1 lt connector gt lt resourceadapter gt lt resourceadapter class gt oracle j2ee ra jms generic JMSResourceAdapter lt resourceadapter class gt lt config property gt lt config property name gt resourceProviderName lt config property name gt lt config property type gt java lang String lt config property type gt lt config property value gt MQSeries lt config property value gt lt config property gt lt Queue admin object gt lt adminobject gt lt adminobject interface gt javax jms Queue lt adminobject interface gt lt adminobject class gt oracle j2ee ra jms generic AdminObjectQueueImp1l lt adminobject class gt lt config property gt lt config property name gt jndiName lt config property name gt lt config property type gt java lang String lt config property type gt lt config property value gt MQQ lt config property value gt lt config property gt lt config property gt lt config property name gt resourceProviderName lt config prop erty name gt lt config property type gt java lang String lt config property type gt lt config p
85. de a container he s expecting developers with interest ing ideas on middleware services that can benefit Swing apps to come to the BoF and share them or you can e mail him at michaelyuan sys con com Michael will also he says be discussing more tradi tional client side container topics such as the OSGi Now that he has left Sun and joined the Kim Polese start up SpikeSource Calvin can at last blog source code Though talk ing of source code perhaps you prefer to keep in touch with the thoughts and views not of our esteemed editors but of regular JDJ readers like Uday Kumar http uday kumar javadevelopersjournal com who describes his blog as the musings of a software philosopher Most recently for Jeremy Geelan example you d have been able to read Uday s commentary on the source code of the Jasper compiler Before that Uday blogged a fascinating discussion on the CLR in NET in com parison to the JVM In the JVM world he observed the Java code is translated into byte code by a compiler after which the byte codes are interpreted and executed by the JVM Compilation of byte code into native CPU instructions is optional The CLR however is more than a virtual machine in fact the CLR is more akin to the J2EE container than the VM In the CLR world the programs written in a host of languages C VB NET Java etc are converted to a byte code by the respective compilers The
86. dering URL is declared final as are most primitive JDK classes which prevents us from extending its functionality As a result we had to design our own Smart URL utility as shown in Figure 2 Class SmartURL is similar to the one in the JDK however the attribute query is no longer a simple string but an instance of URLQuery which includes a list of URLParams This design leverages the strategy pattern The URLStrategy class determines all URL generation policies including sequence number versus the alphabetical ordering of parameters and the use of the parameter priority field so certain parameters such as the Struts action name always comes first It s used by SmartURL and URLQuery when ren dering the final URL string We found SmartURL quite useful in most J2EE Web apps even if they werent delivered through a CDN Another subtle pitfall can cause unex pected session expiration Consider a site that combines cacheable information pages with non cacheable personalized or transaction ones If security is important user credentials are usually kept in a ses sion configured to expire after a certain period of inactivity Let s assume the site is configured to expire after 15 minutes of inactivity and a user starts from non cacheable my entry page She s challenged www SYS CON com JD Think Crystal is a good fit for your Java application Think again Think JReport Forcing a Windows reporting solution into a J
87. dio logo and Your potential Our passion ii ee a mg mW canst me l Be MAN ines Visual Studio Editorial Board Desktop Java Editor Joe Winchester Core and Internals Editor Calvin Austin Contributing Editor Ajit Sagar Contributing Editor Yakov Fain Contributing Editor Bill Roth Contributing Editor Bill Dudney Contributing Editor Michael Yuan Founding Editor Sean Rhody Production Production Consultant Jim Morgan Associate Art Director Tami Lima Executive Editor Nancy Valentine Associate Editor Seta Papazian Research Editor Bahadir Karuv PhD Writers in This Issue Calvin Austin Jerason Banes Jonathan Bruce Yakov Fain Jeremy Geelan John Gilbert Romain Guy Anatoly Krivitsky Di Li Alex Maclinovsky Sudhir Upadhyay Pavel Vlasov Joe Winchester Frances Zhan To submit a proposal for an article go to http grids sys con com proposal Subscriptions For subscriptions and requests for bulk orders please send your letters to Subscription Department 888 303 5282 201 802 3012 subscribe sys con com Cover Price 5 99 issue Domestic 69 99 yr 12 Issues Canada Mexico 99 99 yr Overseas 99 99 yr U S Banks or Money Orders Back Issues 10 ea International 15 ea Editorial Offices SYS CON Media 135 Chestnut Ridge Rd Montvale NJ 07645 Telephone 201 802 3000 Fax 201 782 9638 Java Developer s Journal ISSN 1087 6944 is published monthly 12 times a ye
88. e several AOP frameworks available Which one you choose depends on how well it s already integrated with the tools used in your environment For this article I used the AOP features included in the new EJB 3 0 specification and the JBoss preview implementation of the spec I imple mented several services using EJB 3 0 stateless session beans The services are decorated with an AOP Interceptor This interceptor gathers the method s invoca tion data and publishes it as an event to the ESB The service bus is implemented SERVICES by John Gilbert using a JMS Topic and a Message Driven Bean MDB that subscribes to the topic and passes the event to a JSR 94 compli ant Rules Engine Example rules are pro vided that further invoke additional EJB services The complete code example can be downloaded from www sys con com java sourcec cfm Example For the example let s say BT is a supplier of Bluetooth gadgets It has modeled its business process Figure 2 and its business entities Figure 3 and want to implement them with an ESB powered SOA In their business process custom ers submit orders via a portal Once received an order is provisioned the customer is notified and the shipping department is told to ship the order Shipping is a manual task This means the process won t move forward until an employee from the shipping depart ment marks the task complete Then the customer is notified and the order and the produ
89. e Java command usr bin env python coding ISO 8859 1 Figure 2 Major collections in red consume a lot of CPU power as opposed to minor collections in blue Eit i oo PM nike i iir T ao 4 Tee Se ee lai Ly Sr Ti t DS m en ee ge hee be ee eph Be ee ee Figure 3 Console is a powerful and versatile tool to analyze memory consumption shipping with Sun s J2SE 5 0 60 May 2005 import fileinput import re print s t s t s t s Minor Major Alive Freed for line in fileinput input match re match Full GC d K gt d K d K 1 secs line if match is not None minor match group 1 Full and 0 0 or match group 5 major match group 1 Full and match group 5 or 0 0 alive match group 3 freed int match group 2 int alive print s t s t s t s minor major alive freed The result is a CSV document using tabs as separators and containing four columns of data The first one gives the time consumed by the GC to do a minor collection the second one gives the same information for a major collection the third one indicates the amount of memory used by the application after the execution of the GC and the last one gives the amount of memory reclaimed by the last collection This script was inspired by an AWK script written by Ken Gottry in the article Pick up performance
90. e case of an application run ning on a server that provides results to an end user with Web pages Here the set might be the server or servers the server s operating system the applica tion s language the application s com piler the tools that provide the variable content of Web pages say ASP NET Perl servlets JSP etc the Web server and the Internet provider s additional soft and hardware Mainframe style performance on modern PCs and serv ers with powerful CPUs can be achieved only if the set allows it This article will introduce a simple new and powerful technology that will let you remotely choose the Web host ing provider that s right for you It will also show you how to use Whetstone for double type data or DWhestone benchmarking together with JSF and servlets using the popular Tomcat 5 servlet container Though there are a number of cool tools to measure per formance like JMeter from Apache for Java related performance the technol ogy described here can be used with minimal changes across different lan guages and operating systems giving you a unique opportunity to measure different software and hardware combi nations fairly and competitively Performance Performance is either the factor or one of the factors that has to be taken into account when you choose all or some elements of the hardware software set It s not enough just to measure the performance of parts of the set Say we
91. e file name securekeystore and imports the certificate from the file CertCAGen pem with the alias myalias It also checks the validity of the certificate and ensures that the certificate hasn t expired For additional help on keytool see the keytool documentation at http java sun com j2se 1 4 2 docs tooldocs windows keytool html Programming Details After the server certificate is imported into the keystore and is accessible by the client the client is ready to communicate with the server The complete client code can be found in Listing 1 The following section will explain the significance of the dif ferent programming steps and what really happens under the layers 1 Internet Browser initiates a connection to the secured server 2 Server Sends its certificate and the public key back to Gow O Initiating the SSL connection is fairly straightforward and quite similar to conventional socket programming In fact there are only two APIs line number 13 and 14 in the code listing that are different in a SSL communication from a plain socket connection So the remaining section will walk you through the sequence of activities involved while invoking these two APIs SSLFactory Implementation The first step in socket programming is obtaining a refer ence to the SocketConnectionFactory as indicated below The text in green is what a developer writes and the text in blue represents the debug output obtained by running the c
92. e standard web knowledge your IT team has today Phoneomena Inc 104 N Main St Suite 300 Gainesville FL 32601 T 1 352 373 3966 F 1 352 373 3651 www phoneomena com Toll free 1 888 891 7316 Email info phoneomena com lt Come visit us at Booth 6948 PHONE LO Sudhir Upadhyay is a principal consultant with BEA professional services where he helps customers in designing and implementing enterprise applications He is a Sun Certified Java Programmer and has been working exclusively in 42 Java since 1998 sudhir bea com May 2005 P FEATURE a by Sudhir Upadhyay The Java Secure Socket Extension JSSE is a set of packages that enable secure Internet communications It implements a Java version of the Secure Sockets Layer SSL and Transport Layer Security TLS protocols It includes functionality for data encryption server authentication message integrity and optional client authentication Ithough the JSSE guide provides detailed informa tion on the JSSE API and its use in application programming this article dives deeper into the different message exchanges involved when a pro grammatic Java client communicates with a server over the SSL It will help developers understand the funda mental but often overlooked JSSE concepts of keystore trust store cipher suites certificates and the public key infrastruc ture and help them solve some of the common programmati
93. eferred positions described in the rate table Cancellations and changes to advertisements must be made in writing before the closing date Publisher in this General Conditions Document refers to SYS CON Publications Inc Only 39 ONE YEAR www lSSJoumalLcom or 1 888 303 5282 gq eo rm E biras P Li rel r Vie l F PETE T pmr giy Pel ee E aE bP eee Py i HOME 000 62 News Sun Java Application Platform Suite Achieves Best in Class Santa Clara CA Sun Microsystems Inc has announced the publication of a SPEC jAppServer2004 benchmark result dem onstrating the best price performance in the application tier for its Sun Java System Application Server 8 1 Standard Edition The Sun system achieved a score of 1201 44 jAppServer Operations Per Second JOPS Standard establishing a world record price performance advantage for the Sun Java System Application Server especially when running on the Solaris 10 operating system OS and the Sun Fire server product line www sun com Dieselpoint Search Version 3 5 Released Chicago Dieselpoint a provider of search software has announced the next generation version of Dieselpoint Search which provides a comprehensive all Java solution to the problem of finding information in documents databases and XML Dieselpoint Search provides a solution to a challenge faced by many organizations that struggle with making it easy fo
94. elp you to fill in gaps between measuring a server s clock speed which is usually provided by either the manufacturer or by the host provider and the tools intended to measure the performance of your application which is the next level of performance analysis Even before you start to measure the performance of your Web application using say JMeter you need to pick the servers server operating system appli cation language application compiler and tools providing the variable content of the Web pages Web server that fit your performance requirements You may need to resolve the follow ing practical question Suppose compet ing providers offered you the same rate and hosting on servers with the same clock speeds You ll need to select one of the following software combinations 1 Apache and Tomcat 5 on a Linux box 2 ONE and JRun on a Solaris box 3 IIS and ASP NET on an XP box How do you make the right choice Well remote benchmarking helps you answer this question Some source code and further explanations on remote benchmarking can be found at my site http www mycgiserver com akrivitsky Benchmarks htm E mail me at akrivitsky yahoo com if you want the source code for this example or the source code of remote benchmarks using ASP NET www SYS CON com JD Web Applications Best Practice To improve the quality of software it s useful to employ best practices which with Web application architecture i
95. ert tags are primarily for the conve nience of outputting the formatted results Modifying the Spreadsheet We ve seen that we can read data out of the spreadsheet Next we ll cover modifying cells in the spreadsheet The ability to modify spreadsheets is where the engine shines It lets you plug in arbitrary values then retrieve the resulting calculations The key to modifying a document is to use the SetCell tag For example if we wanted to add a row of data to our spreadsheet we might write the following code lt f1 SetCell book Average cell A7 entry Cola gt lt f 1 SetCell book Average cell B7 entry 2 25 gt lt f1 SetCell book Average cell C7 entry 129 gt This will create a new entry for cola sales with 129 units sold at 2 25 apiece If we then print out the weighted average we d see that the value has changed significantly To let you experiment with this I ve made some simple modifications to our existing JSP page You can see the complete code for this in Listing 1 The modifications merely provide a set of text entry fields for adding rows to the spreadsheet When the page is submitted the fields are used to populate a new row and the averages are updated automatically Charting the Numbers One of the most impressive features in the 23 24 lt form gt e SpreadSheet engine is its ability to extract display and update charts embedded in Excel spreadsheets
96. esign pyramid There are about a dozen OO design principles and four dozens OO design heuristics identified over the years by OO evangelists such as Grady Booch Bertrand Meyer Robert C Martin Barbara Liskov and others OO design principles define the most common sci entifically derived approaches for build ing robust and flexible systems These approaches proved to be the best tools in solving numerous OO design issues that can t be captured by fundamental OO principles The class structure and relationships group consists of the following design principles the Single Responsibility Principle SRP the Open Closed Principle OCP the Liskov Substitution Principle LSP the Dependency Inversion Principle DIP and the Interface Segregation Principle ISP The Single Responsibility Principle specifies that class should have only one www SYS CON com JD 00 Design Principles Class structure and relationships e Single Responsibility Principle SRP e Open Closed Principle OCP e Liskov Substitution Principle LSP e Dependency Inversion Principle DIP e Interface Segregation Principle ISP Package cohesion e Reuse Release Equivalency Principle REP e Common Closure Principle CCP e Common Reuse Principle CRP Package coupling e Acyclic Dependency Principle ADP e Stable Dependency Principle SDP e Stable Abstractions Principle SAP reason to change It s also known as the cohesion principle and dict
97. f the memory overhead used by the OS and the JVM itself The perm is an example of this overhead Anyway at the end of a minor collection both the eden and the explored survivor space are considered empty As minor collections are performed living objects proceed from one survivor space to the other As an object reaches a given age dynami cally defined at runtime by HotSpot or as the survivor space gets too small a copy is made to the tenured space Yet most objects are born and die right in the young space To obtain ideal performance the JVM should be tweaked to avoid as many copies from the young space to the tenured space as possible In the tenured space the laws are different Whenever more memory is needed a major collection is done with the help of the Mark Sweep Compact algorithm Though it s not complex it s ereedier than the copy algorithm The GC will run through all the objects in the heap mark the candidates for memory reclaiming and run through the heap again to compact remaining objects and avoid memory fragmentation At the end of this cycle all living objects exist side by side in the tenured space The major collections respon sible for most Java applications slow down from time to time Unlike a minor collection running a major collection stops the execution of the whole application So a good optimization trick is to reduce the burden of the Mark Sweep Compact algorithm Given this information you should now
98. f the WorkerMDB class Consequently the relationships among Task type objects should be independent rather than sequential each Task type object is isolated from one another To remove message affinity each client request should be designed to include the context of one business process case For example the context of pro cessing one Trade in an online broker age system includes the symbol of one stock the cost of purchasing or selling share the expected price the investor s user ID and trading password This information can be carried by multiple JMS messages or just one message If request pick up Figure 1 The structure of the asynchronous parallel pattern oe Cd l 1 send request 2 add request 6 process Figure 2 The typical interactions for the asynchronous parallel pattern contains creates Figure 3 The solution model of a Java thread based multithreading framework May 2005 11 LO ENTERPRISE A i ess ade DESIGN PATTERNS they re encompassed in one message the system can process each Trade by one incoming message As a result we remove the order of messages Task Queue The Task queue replaces the role of the TaskFIFOQueue class in the Java thread based framework It s defined as a JMS queue in an application server or mes sage oriented middleware Since each message in the Task Queue includes a Task type object that represents a spe
99. ferences e Java Secure Socket Extension Guide http java sun com j2se 1 4 2 docs guide security jsse JSSERefGuide html e Cryptography FAQ http www rsa security com rsalabs faq files rsalabs_faq41 pdf Listing 1 Sample Java Client import Java 1O import javax net ssl SSLSocket import javax net ssl SSLSocketFactory public class SecureSocketClient public static void main String argv throws Exception try SocketFactory sslSF SSLSocketFactory SSLSocketFactory get Default SockeT SOCk SSLSocket sslSF createSocket localhos t 443 SSLSocketFactory sslSF SSLSocketFactory SSLSocketFac tory getDefault SSLSocket sslSock SSLSocket sslSF createSocket loca lhost 443 OutputStream out sslSock getOutputStream String req GET Secure jsp HTTP 1 0 r n r n out write req getBytes BufferedReader in new BufferedReader new InputStreamReader sslSock getInputStream String inputLine while inputLine in readLine null System out println inputLine sslSock close catch Exception _ex _ex printStackTrace System out May 2005 47 Desktop OAN Joe Winchester is a software developer working on WebSphere development tools for IBM in Hursley UK Joewinchester sys con com 48 May 2005 Joe Winchester im O Reilly the eponymous publisher kicked off EclipseCon 2005 in Burlinghame earlier this year with an excellent presen
100. fferent results when executed on different platforms For instance the performance of Java software running on Solaris is boosted by tweaking the threads management The GC in the HotSpot JVM is also called the generation al garbage collector As its name suggests this GC can make a difference to several generations of objects Within the virtual machine objects are born live and die in a memory area known as the heap The heap itself is divided into two parts each one corresponding to a given generation the young space and the tenured space The first hosts recent objects also called children while the second one holds objects with a long life span also called ancestors Next to the heap the virtual machine contains another particular memory area called the perm in which the binary code of www SYS CON com JD each class loaded by the currently executing program is archived Although the perm is important to applications dynamically gen erating a lot of bytecode like a J2EE server it s unlikely you ll ever need to tweak it Beware though some unexpected applications might need a lot of perm space For instance IBM s XSLT library Xalan consumes perm space when style sheets are memory com piled If you ever encounter a vicious OutOfMemoryError think of the perm space Figure 1 depicts the heap and its structure Both the tenured space and the young space contain a virtual space a zone of memory available to the JVM
101. ftware Corporation in the United States and other countries 23389 ENTERPRISE in Yakov Fain is a Java 2 Enthusiast and Educator from Wall Street He is the author of the best selling book The Java Tutorial for the Real World an e book Java Programming for Kids Parents and Grandparents Fain also authored several chapters for Java 2 Enterprise Edition 1 4 Bible On Sundays Yakov teaches Java see www smart dataprocessing com yakovfain sys con com 8 May 2005 Yakov Fain o you feel that being a Java guru sets you apart and makes you indispensable in your com pany Or are you an entry level person scared of being laid off given all these outsourcing trends What are your career choices in the corporate world Put on your headphones turn on Pink Floyd s album The Wall and let s talk Programmers earn their living by working either as employees or as temporary contractors Often people use the term consultant when they re referring to the employment status ofa person but this is just not right because the word consultant means a subject expert while the word contractor means a temporary worker and a separate legal entity which is exactly what consultants are There is an opinion that perma nent employment provides better job security but let s take a closer look at two former college roommates Alex and Steve who graduated from the same college eight years ago Alex was always dreaming of being an empl
102. ge cell lt cells i gt entry lt values i gt gt hehe ae 42Weighted Average Price 21 ee 44 lt br gt www SYS CON com JD May 2005 35 ENTERPRISE in John Gilbert is a consultant for Number Six Software with 12 years of experience as an architect of service oriented systems He holds a master s degree in software engineering from George Mason University and is an avid proponent of 36 Open Source software jgilbert numbersix com May 2005 ESB Updating the enterprise nervous system ervice Oriented Architecture SOA is not so much a new tech nology as a new state of mind Technology for implementing business logic in the middle tier and exposing it as a service has been around for years Yes the technology is more standardized now and more widely ac cepted What s really new is the growing practice of approaching SOA with an enterprise wide mindset in which an organization takes a holistic approach to identifying the services they provide The rise of the Enterprise Service Bus ESB is linked to this new en terprise wide view ESB and SOA are complementary One of the tenets of SOA is loosely coupling services Mes sage Oriented Middleware MOM is used to connect decoupled systems An ESB is created by using standards based MOM providers consistently across an enterprise to glue decoupled services together When used together this ESB powered SOA enables the real time
103. gramming SOA prin ciples and all possible Java application frameworks that have implemented the MVC design pattern Steve was always the only person in the building who knew exactly what the garbage collector did to the young generation He never complained if his next client was several thousand miles away from his home town Daddy s flown across the ocean leaving just amemory About three years ago by pure co incidence Steve got a project with the same company and division where Alex has been working all these years He was one of hundreds vice presidents with a six figure salary wearing an expensive suit Six Sigma brown belt and matching shoes The friends were happy to work with each other but this did not last long The firm decided to lay off several hundred of employees and let go of most of the contractors Alex was too expen sive for the firm and Steve s contract in the Wall ended sooner than expected All in all you were all just bricks in the wall Alex received a decent severance package that allowed him to spend the next six months brushing up his Java skills and this kept paying the bills Steve did not get any compensation but found a new gig pretty quickly in two months So what s the moral of this story If youre young and ambitious spend at least some time working as a contrac tor Do not be afraid to start fresh every now and then this is what capitalism is all about Besides the average le
104. hat means applications are easier to build manage deploy and integrate The NET Framework uses industry standards such as XML and Web Services which allow enterprise applications to be connected to infrastructure of any kind In addition the productivity enhancing features of NET such as automatic mapping of data to and from XML also help to simplify integration by reducing the amount of code required to get it all done Find out more about application integration with Windows Server System and NET Simply get the Connected Systems Resource Kit at microsoft com connectedsystems WITH WINDOWS SERVER SYSTEM AND NET YOU CAN OVERCOME INTEGRATION ISSUES HOWEVER WINDOWS SERVER SYSTEM IS USELESS AGAINST THE SIAMESE FIGHTING FISH Microsoft A Windows Server System ENTERPRISE in Frances Zhao is a product manager for the Oracle Containers for the J2EE team at Oracle She focuses on Web services and enterprise application connectivity frances zhao oracle com 20 May 2005 Reusing your back end messaging infrasticture by Frances Zhao This article discusses an implementation strategy that illustrates how organizations can use JMS and J2EE Connector technologies to reuse their infrastructure and lay a foundation that will let them reap the business and agility benefits of SOA or a Service Oriented Architecture SOA to be truly resilient asynchrony must be built into it
105. have a high degree of visibility within the market Gartner Magic Quadrants evaluate vendors on their completeness of vision and their abil ity to execute Leaders offer scalable robust and intelligent applications and they address evolving enterprise requirements in the form of J2EE application life cycle management Quest Software products that provide J2EE Application Server Management include Quest Foglight Quest Spotlight Quest PerformaSure and the Quest JProbe Suite which make up the Quest Application Performance Management Suite for the J2EE platform www quest com www SYS CON com JD 9 04 am 9 07 am To learn more about the After download simply Chart FX products visit install the product T www softwarefx com and appropriate for your decide which one is right needs platform and for your platform and targetenvironment target Then download the 30 day trial version or the Chart FX for Java Community Edition which is a FREE non expiring full development version 9 13 am Open the Chart FX for java Designer to get started with the look and feel of your chart Use your favorite IDE to add functionality and to populate the chart by connecting to your data source The Chart FX Resource Center is also available to help with any questions you may have Then deploy to your specific application server gt 9 58 am Your application is then displayed with an active chart or image that makes any d
106. he Java language pure Java databases like Hypersonic are an example but not vice versa is another justification for Java having a lower level of abstraction than SQL Therefore producing a database schema from Java classes is conceptually wrong because it violates the principle of lowering the level of abstraction Handcrafting Java classes from the database model is also a bad idea Just duplicating database semantics is a waste of time since it can be done auto matically Mixing business semantics with persistence semantics is even worse This is where the SQLC idea comes from the database should be devel oped first Then bridge classes should be generated by SQLC and only after that should the database dealing Java classes be developed You may say wait a minute when the SQLC generated classes incarnate data they produce objects so SQLC is essentially an O R mapping tool No its not a mapping tool it s a bridge generating tool Mapping assumes that www SYS CON com JD each table and column table name should be mapped to the name of an already existing class and the column name should be mapped to a Java property or field of that class Typically such a mapping is done in XML files Another point proving that SQLC is not an O R mapping tool is that the object is data behavior Objects produced by SQLC generated classes and representing rows don t have business behavior just data accessors muta tors So they are essentia
107. here in JDJ WOH ooo Jeremy Geelan is group publisher of SYS CON Media and is responsible for the development of new titles and technology portals for the firm He regularly represents SYS CON at conferences and trade shows speaking to technology audiences both in North America and overseas Jeremy sys con com May 2005 3 Altova StyleVision 2005 The ultimate e forms DB report and stylesheet designer ALTOVA stylevision 2005 Set your sights on StyleVision 2005 the ultimate e forms DB report and stylesheet designer from Altova resented in Version 2005 XSLT 2 0 and XPath 2 0 support e Output to Word RTF format e Creation of database enabled electronic forms y a A ys E i 7 r Scope out StyleVision 2005 and see a marked improvement in your data presentation capabilities StyleVision is the only application for transforming XML or database content into HTML PDF and Word RTF output all from the same design In one simple step you can access your data process it and render it into intuitive Authentic electronic forms and eye catching HTML pages PDF reports and Word RTF documents 04 Get more from your designs Download stylevision 2005 today www altova com i A a i p ox a a _ P E Y ote a a a e a ALTOVA FROM THE GROUP PUBLISHER 7 Technology Blogging Begins at Home by Jeremy Geelan VIEWPOINT SOA and XQuery by Jon
108. hich return database backed collection The primary purpose of database backed collection is to iterate over results without fetching them all to memory e Select method which puts query results in provided collection Updates Insert Update Delete Statements For DML statements SQLC generates one method per statement Indices For an index whose name matches the generation policy template SQLC generates depending on the mode s specified e Select for all rows ordered by index e Select and delete rows with equal index columns e Select and delete rows with non equal index columns e Select and delete rows with positions in the index less than those speci fied in the parameters e Select and delete rows with positions in the index less or equal than those specified in the parameters e Select and delete rows with positions in the index greater than those specified in the parameters e Select and delete rows with positions in the index greater or equal to those specified in the parameters The reason behind generating methods from indices is that the generated method uses the index to do the operation This is a mechanism to secure the application from long running queries running on unindexed columns Automatic Interface Inheritance SQLC automatically builds a hierarchy of generated interfaces For example the AccountType interface extends the PaymentStatus interface because both have getDescription and getName methods It may
109. hicum 20column 20august pdf http www bijonline com PDF linthicum 20sept pdf http www bijonline com PDF Linthicum 20oct pdf e EJB 3 0 Tutorial http docs jboss org ejb3 tutorial index html e JSR 94 Rules Engine Specification http www jcp org aboutJava com munityprocess review jsr094 e Drools Rules Engine http drools org Resources e Introduction to Aspect Oriented Programming http www onjava com pub a onjava 2004 01 14 aop html e JBoss AOP http www jboss org products aop e AspectWerkz http aspectwerkz codehaus org e Aspect http eclipse org aspectj e Nanning http nanning codehaus org Listing 1 OrderServiceBean Stateless Interceptor net jcg event interceptor EventInterceptor public class OrderServiceBean implements OrderService public Order complete Order order manager merge order Inject private EntityManager manager for LineItem item order getLineItems double qty item getQuantity public Order submit Order order Product p item getProduct order setDate new Date p setQuantity p getQuantity qty manager persist order manager merge p return order SELUrn OEGEE public Order provision Order order 38 May 2005 www SYS CON com JD Complex J2EE Hosting made easy WebAppCabaret http www webappcabaret com jdj jsp 1 866 256 7973 Private JVM Complete J2EE Hosting solution fo
110. hine Each service is implemented as a Stateless Session Bean by implementing a local and or remote interface and using the Stateless an notation see Listing 1 JSR 181 Web Services Metadata for Java will soon let stateless session beans be annotated with a WebService attribute so an ap plication server can generate WSDL and expose them via SOAP The Interceptor annotation defines the point cut for inserting the EventInterceptor advice around each method of the session bean Each of the classes in the business entity class diagram is implemented as a plain old Java object POJO and deco rated with the Entity annotation so it can persist The entity beans will also be used as arguments of the session bean methods The new POJO nature of the EJB 3 0 entity beans lets them be used outside the container This simplifies the code necessary to create services because an additional Value object class hierarchy isn t needed to transport the data from the entity beans The new EJB 3 0 Entity Manager class is used to persist the entity beans The Inject annotation instructs the EJB container to assign the appropri ate manager The manager s persist method is used to insert the object into www SYS CON com JD the database The merge method is used to update the database AOP Interceptor Interceptors facilitate firing events in the enterprise state machine AOP inter ceptors are a kind of advice that s used to insert
111. hreads that will process the assigned task Each instance of the WorkThread class is a custom thread created and con trolled by the application The Thread Pool class serves as the central control point to manage custom threads Using an object of the ThreadPool class to store running threads lets us allocate custom threads in a predictable way reuse an existing thread for multiple tasks and save time for thread instantiation and initialization The code in Listing 2 at the end of this article demonstrates how to implement the business engine Listing 2 5 can be downloaded from www sys con com java sourcec cfm When the TaskDispatcher receives a request from a client it creates an instance of a particular Task type class such as the Trade class and adds the instance to the TaskFIFOQueue The TaskFIFOQueue then notifies all wait ing threads that a new task is ready to be picked up The current active WorkerThread gets the task from the TaskFIFOQueue and starts to process the www SYS CON com JD task by running the execute method of the particular Task type class After the WorkThreads finishes the task it goes into a wait state and is ready to accept the next task The sequence diagram in Figure 4 illustrates the sample collaborations for the CME Although Java thread based CMF pro vides an efficient solution to improve the overall performance of Java applications it shouldn t be used in applications hosted in the J2EE
112. ical software system cost occurs after initial de This is another Java DB tool iBatis doesn t generate Java classes and methods It maps a database to existing Java classes So it s more about flexibility through indirection mapping A developer needs to handcraft Java classes and XML maps An iBatis Java API takes the map name as a parameter Problems like typos in the map name or in the map s SQL or SQL being out of sync with the database can t be revealed at build time only at runtime SQLC SQLC is best applied in environments where e Databases are created according to database naming standards that gen erate self descriptive names for Java methods and interfaces e Database objects are created before the Java code dealing with them is written e DBAs and data modelers are more per manent than developers e Development teams are volatile one team works on phase one another on phase two and another does support e Gartner says only 32 of the 2 5 mil lion Java developers in the world really know Java which means there s a seri ous shortage of high level development skills SQLC benefits organizations that employ not only the smart third but also those who don t possess genuine Java knowledge e The Java application being developed doesn t need to run on a dozen different RDBMS with different table and column names In other words configurability isn t the key SQLC and SQLProcessor support SQL templat
113. ices so that SOAs can take full advantage of the foun dation provided by J2EE 1 4 Web Services in J2EE 1 4 build on the underlying J2EE plat form by adding the core standards SOAP and Web Service Description Language WSDL as first class citizens For J2EE developers Web Services aren t a new concept but an effortless extension to the programming model they ve been using for years The Web Services support in J2EE 1 4 encompasses the fol lowing major standards JAX RPC 1 1 SAAJ SOAP Attachments API for Java 1 2 Enterprise Web services for J2EE 1 1 JSR 109 JAXP Java API for XML Parsing 1 2 and JAXR 1 0 Java API for XML Registries Of these only JAXP was supported in J2EE 1 3 With JAX RPC any Java class or stateless session EJB can be exposed as a Web Service The specification defines how to use JAX RPC to create and consume SOAP messages in Java including issues such as serializing and de serializing Java types with XML dealing with SOAP attachments and manag ing SOAP faults and headers JAX RPC provides a client runtime that lets Java clients send and receive SOAP messages and a server runtime for server side Java implementations providing a Web Services API using www SYS CON com JD SOAP A JAX RPC server implementation doesn t rely on a JAX RPC client rather the client can be NET PL SQL or any other language capable of sending and receiving SOAP messages Likewise the JAX RPC client can be used independentl
114. images scripts style sheets applets and static documents This mechanism also includes serving the streaming media from the network s edge It s completely transparent to ap plications and is the easiest integration method to use Most CDNs are flexible enough to control caching objects by extension file name path or domain and let cached sites force the premature expiration of certain assets The main drawback here is that with the excep tion of streaming media asset caching has little impact on either server load or the user s perception of performance With this mode each page is still served from the origin site and most load re duction occurs on the Web server which is normally responsible for serving static assets The application server still has to build every page and the users have to wait for the entire roundtrip to com plete before the page starts rendering in the browser Page Caching The next level involves caching pages in their entirety CDN usually allows the flexibility to control various aspects of caching and expiration down to the individual page level Since edge servers cache pages by their URLs for pages to be statically cacheable they must render identical HTML when requested by different users or at different times within their Time To Live window It s also important to limit the number of different URLs that represent each page Having multiple URLs for the same page www SYS CON
115. ing through property substitution in SQL text at runtime But this functionality is very rarely needed SQLC doesn t cover all data access sce narios and there will be times when you ll need to fall back to Squirrel or plain JOBC Conclusion You d probably expect to find something like this in the conclusion It s not possible to describe all the cool features of product X give it a try Download a sample application and play with it After that you ll make your choice to use O R mapping tools plain JDBC SQLC or a mix of them My previous employer did just this and saved 20 on the first project where SQLC was used Resources Sample code for this article http www pavelvlasov com articles sqlc sqlc samples zip SQLC Manual http www pavelvla sov com pv content Articles sqlc sqlc html Presentation www pavelvlasov com products common doc SQLC pdf Squirrel http www pavelvlasov com pv content Articles articles sql html Download Pucommons www pavelvla sov com pv content downloads index jsp html classes simplifying common database operations and encapsulating JDBC resource management patterns Antlr http www antlr org Parser generator Used by code generation classes BCEL http jakarta apache org bcel Bytecode generation library Hypersonic http sourceforge net proj ects hsqldb 100 Java SQL database Ant http ant apache org Java based build tool Azzurri
116. ion can t be found in the cache an edge server requests it from the origin site passes it to the client and then caches it to serve future requests Its important to know that page URLs are used as caching keys If two pages have identical ULRs they would be considered the same page even if their content were different Conversely two identical pages with different URLs would be considered distinct and would be cached separately This basic service model is often complimented by premium services In case of Akamai it includes server map ping and cache hierarchies Its edge platform consists of more than 14 000 servers Under high load conditions the origin site could be swamped by the requests from edge servers from differ ent locations Creating a dedicated cache hierarchy which is done by establishing parent child relationships among the edge servers can mitigate this situation In such hierarchies children request content from their parents rather than the origin site This provides caching on multiple levels and can greatly reduce the number of edge servers that access the site itself Server mapping involves dedicating specific servers in each data center to a particular origin site This reduces the overall number of edge servers that access the site and improves the cache hit rate of each server Today many well known sites are delivered from the edge by a CDN An easy way to find out is to ping the same Web add
117. is file if it doesn t exist in the archive For our application I only need to define a queue and reference the JNDI location of the queue as ra xml Listing 3 shows the OC4J specific configurations for queues in oc4j connectors xml Configure and Write the Application to Use the Resource Adapter Once we ve configured MQSeries and hooked it up with the JMS resource adapter the next step is to configure and write the application that uses the resource adapter interfaces to send and receive messages from the MQSeries queues To enable EJBs session bean and MDB in this application to connect to the MQSeries queue the OC4J specific EJB deploy ment descriptor orion ejb jar xml can be configured as in Listing 4 to allow the use of logical lookup names Note that the values of the location attributes here corre spond to the values of the location attributes defined in oc4j ra xml and oc4j connectors xml This ensures that the logical factory or queue names are mapped to those exposed via the JMS resource adapter The reference mapping names specified can now be used in the J2EE standard EJB deployment descriptor ejb jar xml as in Application Server Web Service Peis Web Service pplication Serv Client Endpoint i MDB lf JCA Resource Adapter Outbound Contracts Inbound Contracts WAY JMS Provider Figure 1 Sample application showing message flow from EJB through JMS May 2005 21 O ENTERPRISE FEATURE
118. isplay it in a table The spreadsheetfor mat attribute was also used to retain the cell formatting from the original spreadsheet But what about the averages As one might expect the InsertRange tag has a cousin called InsertCell Instead of generating the complete table with format ting InsertCell merely pulls the data for a single cell and plops it into the sheet The following code will display the average and weighted average for the data Average Price lt fl InsertCell book Average cell D2 gt lt br gt Weighted Average Price lt fl InsertCell book Average cell D3 gt If you save the JSP file and refresh your web browser you should see both the average and weighted average of the data In and of itself that may not seem all that odd but something extraordinary just Listing 1 1 lt taglib uri fltaglib prefix f1 gt 2 3 lt f 1 LoadBook book Average source average xls gt 4 5 lt occurred When the engine displayed the value of the two cells it displayed the results of their calculations and not the formulas themselves This becomes more interesting later on when we begin to add or subtract from the spreadsheet In cases where you actually want the original formula it can be extracted from the spreadsheet using the GetCell tag In fact a great deal of information can be extracted by using the Get and ForEach tags The Ins
119. itect Popkin Software www popkin com products system_architect htm Poseidon for UML Gentleware www gentleware com products Telelogic TAU Architect www telelogic com products tau Architect index cfm ArgoUML Open source argoumL tigris org Partial support Table 2 Some 00 design tools with Java code generation As such trying to draw the depen dencies in such a graph is impossible So a more appropriate methodology would be viewing these design pyra mid levels and their relationships from the context of their application Using this methodology we can represent such relationships with this simile If we take a car engine domain as an example then we can think of the basic OO principles as the ones defin ing reciprocal to rotary motion con version principles This answers the why question and explains why the system works the way it works Presentation Tier e Intercepting Filter e Context Object e Front Controller e Application Controller e View Helper e Composite View e Dispatcher View e Service To Worker Business Tier e Business Delegate e Service Locator e Session Facade e Application Service e Business Object e Composite Entity e Transfer Object e TO Assembler e Value List Handler Integration Tier e Data Access Object e Service Activator e Domain Store e Web Service Broker Table 3 Core J2EE patterns www SYS CON com JD We can think of OO design prin ciples and heuristics a
120. ith this middleware offering Oracle Fusion Middleware is the newly created brand for Oracle s family of existing middleware products which includes all of the products needed to integrate a number of business applications Oracle plans to certify PeopleSoft and JD Edwards applications with Oracle Fusion Middleware products in Q2 and Q3 calendar 2005 respectively Customers can use Oracle Fusion Middleware to support their entire enterprise including Oracle and non Oracle JadeLiquid Software Releases WebRenderer v3 0 Tasmania Australia JadeLiquid Software has released WebRenderer v3 0 a Java browser component WebRenderer v3 0 includes many customer driven improvements with increased stability all new packaging and improvements in rendering speed The WebRenderer Java browser component integrates into any Java application or applet and provides standards compliant rendering of Web content across multiple platforms WebRenderer a standards compliant Java browser component supports HTML 4 01 SSL JavaScript CSS 1 and 2 XSL XSLT XML DOM etc WebRenderer allows for the creation of HTML XML Web content centric Java client applications by providing client side Web content rendering for J2EE and Web infrastructure driven back ends A trial version is available at www webrenderer May 2005 Jadel iqui Software ii a PRESSROOM business applications custom applications developed by in house IT staff and
121. j sourcec cfm How to Test References To test you need to start Tomcat e David Geary Cay Horstmann Managed Bean and point your browser at http 2004 Core JavaServer Faces Sun This bean provides the main com localhost 8080 Directory with Your Microsystems Press Java Series putations for remote benchmarking Application Pearson Education It gets user input from input jsp and Figure 1 shows the input of the appli Hans Bergsten 2004 JavaServer provides information to be used in cation and Figure 2 shows the results Faces O Reilly Listing 1 faces config xml lt DOCTYPE faces config PUBLIC Sun Microsystems Inc DTD JavaServer Faces Config 1 0 EN lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 gt http java sun com dtd web facesconfig 1 0 dtd gt lt lt faces config gt Copyright c 2004 Anatoly S Krivitsky PhD All rights reserved lt application gt Conditional permission for free use of the lt locale config gt code lt default locale gt en lt default locale gt As soon as above copyright notes are lt locale config gt mentioned lt message bundle gt the author grants a permission to any person DwhetBeanMessages or organization lt message bundle gt to use distribute and publish this code for lt application gt free Questions and comments may be directed to the lt managed bean gt author at lt managed bean name gt DwhetBean akrivitsky yahoo com and akrivitsky usa com lt managed bea
122. jects If data is primary then hibernating Java objects is wrong what we should do is incarnate data in a convenient way in Java SQLC does just that So what s the answer The answer is that there is no single answer it all depends on the situation If you already have existing Java classes that you need to store in a relational database and the amount of data you need to store isn t too big then O R mapping works very well If the amount of data is huge then the database modeling would prob ably need special attention and thus data becomes primary Data also is primary in a RUP like development process Illustration 6 elucidates the point The process goes in the direction of lowering the level of abstraction In other words each step adds more detail The process starts by identifying requirements After that Use Case and Business Object Domain BDOM models are produced The Use Case model represents system behavior BDOM represents system data subject area entities and their relationships BDOM objects have attributes but don t have operations So in fact BDOM is a logical model of a database from which a physical model is produced by adding a few details attribute types and constraints The Java class model on the other hand is a convergence of the Use Case model and BDOM It requires the addition of more detail and so is a lower level of abstraction than the database model The fact that RDMS semantics can be expressed in t
123. l elements which are required for the development of J2EE applications with rich HTML frontends like Wwww common controls com May 2005 53 Desktop 54 May 2005 DATABASE 126 public interface Person 127 int getId 128 String getLastName 129 String getFirstName 130 131 132 public interface PersonUsa extends Person 133 String getSsn 134 135 136 public interface PersonRussia extends Person 137 String getPassportNo 138 Interface Implementations Generated interface implementations are serializable and implement equals Q hashCode Q toString clone and toDom Element methods There are two types of implementa tions dumb for queries and smart for tables Smart implementations keep track of changes and when insert or update is ex ecuted then an SQL clause is constructed on the fly and contains only modified columns for inserts and modified columns plus primary key columns for updates Dealing with Big Databases If you have a database with hundreds of tables it s not a good idea to generate classes for all of them in one package and one engine You should compartmentalize your schema into manageable subject areas and generate classes for each area in a different package Instead of the lt table gt element you ll need to explicitly provide catalog schema and table names For example to gener ate classes for all tables in the BANK s
124. l rights reserved Various trademarks held by their respective owners LO CORE A A section editor of JDJ since June 2004 Calvin Austin is an engineer at SpikeSource com He previously led the J2SE 5 0 release at Sun Microsystems and also led Sun s Java on Linux port calvin austin sys con com 40 May 2005 Calvin Austin here has been talk recently that Sun is planning to end the use of the J2 platform name and branding scheme The proposal is that the terms Java Enterprise Edi tion and Java Standard Edition will replace J2EE and J2SE If you had the opportunity to read the March edition of JDJ you will have discovered that the history of the J2 name although not perfect was a compromise by recognizing the platform had taken a significant step forward and resisting the temptation for calling the new release Java 2000 Given that history aname change was probably always on the cards but there was never a good time to make that change In the early days of J2EE getting vendors to adopt and use the term J2EE was essential for the success of the platform as an industry wide event Changing the J2EE name at that point would have confused matters to no end so a name change was a nonstarter Later with the emergence of the NET Framework from Microsoft the Java community rallied behind the J2EE banner when comparing the two platforms Microsoft even used this comparison partly in an attempt to validate
125. lient SocketFactory sf SocketFactory SocketFactory getDefault This command returns a copy of the environment s default socket factory All subsequent objects such as Socket are derived from the socket factory In a similar manner the first programming step in initiat ing a secured socket connection is obtaining a reference to SSLSocketFactory SSLSocketFactory sslSF SSLSocketFactory SSLSocketFactory getDefault This returns the default SSL implementation i e policies for different kinds of socket and any customizations on how they are configured Let s walk through the debug output from running the cli ent program java Djavax net debug ssl Djavax net ssl KeyStore secureKeyStore Djavax net ssl trusStore secureKeyStore SecureSocketClient It s important to note that all the steps explained below are transparent to the developer and don t require any ad ditional programming effort The following is the sequence of processes performed when the client programs creates an SSLSocketFactory When initializing the SSLDefaultSocketFactory the under lying implementation provides the following services The 3 Browser validates the the browser debug output is in italics server certificate The SSL implementation identifies the keystore location as specified by the system java property Djavax net ssl keystore when the client is invoked The type of keystore If no value was specified then the defaul
126. lly data structures After reading this section one reviewer remarked Who believes in RUP I think some people do but that s not the point The point is that if your ap plication has just a dozen business domain objects and your developers are capable of envisaging and coding them right off the bat in Java then the O R mapping path is the right one But if for whatever reason you tend to create the database model first then SQLC is probably is a better option Applicability Comparison By now you ve got an idea what SQLC is and what it does As I said SQLC isn t an O R mapping tool It doesn t hibernate Java objects to a relational database it incarnates database objects in Java As such it can t be compared with say Hibernate like an M 16 can t be compared with a Hatori Hanzo sword Both of them use the same basic principle serve the same purpose but do it differently What can be compared is their applicability depending on the context and the person wielding the tool JDBC The services offered by JDBC are too low level Working with a database through plain JDBC is like writing an XML file using OutputStream it s pos sible but the solution is poorly maintainable and error prone Build Incredible Interactive Diagrams with JGO Ne Go for SWT Eclipse JGo Instruments for meters dials gauges Create custom interactive diagrams network editors workflows flowcharts and design tools For web servers or local
127. marked dangers This option might also be unsuitable for non technical reasons such as cost network latency and application security Building Page Cacheable Applications Given these considerations it becomes clear that when applicable Page Caching offers the optimal balance for improving performance reducing the load on the target site and preserving a Web application s original architecture So from here on out we ll focus on building ap plications that work consistently gt client ae gt _ gt and reliably with the Page Caching mechanism of CDNs An Application s View of a CDN When working through a CDN ap plications still get HTTP requests from the Internet but user demographics and behavior change dramatically There s no longer a big and diverse population of normal users who surf pages sequentially and take time to read the content Instead there s a small pack of crazy users who look like they ve bookmarked every page in the system and are jumping between them without any apparent logic or even time to digest the content These users are cache servers and their odd be havior comes from the collective cache misses of the actual users accessing the origin site through each server Besides the virtual Attention Deficit Disorder these new users also have multiple personalities page requests that get through from a given edge server con tain different cookies browsers and locales
128. n levels in a top down approach from design patterns to design principles and heuristics to basic OO principles saves design time and increases design quality by ensur ing that none of the important depen dencies are lost References e Thinking in Java Third Edition by Bruce Eckel Prentice Hall PTR 2002 ISBN 0131002872 e Agile Software Development Principles Patterns and Practices by Robert Cecil Martin Prentice Hall 2002 ISBN 0135974445 e Object Oriented Design Heuristics by Arthur J Riel Addison Wesley Professional 1996 ISBN 020163385X e Design Patterns by Erich Gamma Richard Helm Ralph Johnson John Vlissides Addison Wesley Professional 1995 ISBN 0201633612 e Design Patterns Java Workbook by Steven John Metsker Addison Wesley Pub Co 2002 ISBN 0201743973 e Core J2EE Patterns Best Practices and Design Strategies Second Edition by Deepak Alur Dan Malks John Crupi Prentice Hall PTR 2003 ISBN 0131422464 e Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture by Martin Fowler David Rice Matthew Foemmel Edward Hieatt Robert Mee Randy Stafford Addison Wesley Professional 2002 ISBN 0321127420 e http www objectsbydesign com tools umltools byCompany html for a list of design tools May 2005 Content Delivery Networks Five different integration options ENTERPRISE in j Alex Madlinovsky is an enterprise architect specializing in J2EE solutions For the last
129. n name gt Disclaimer of Liability lt managed bean class gt The user assumes all responsibility akrivitsky DwhetBean and risk for the use of this code as is lt managed bean class gt There is no warranty of any kind associated lt managed bean scope gt with the code session Under no circumstances lt managed bean scope gt including negligence lt managed bean gt shall the author be liable lt navigation rule gt for any DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL lt from view id gt or CONSEQUENTIAL pages input jsp DAMAGES lt from view id gt or LOST PROFITS that result from the use or lt navigation case gt inability to use the lt from outcome gt sucess lt from outcome gt code lt to view id gt Nor shall the author be liable for any such pages response jsp damages including lt to view id gt but not limited to reliance by any person on lt navigation case gt any lt navigation rule gt information obtained with the code lt faces config gt Loe 18 May 2005 www SYS CON com JD Your potential Our passion Microsoft WINDOWS SERVER SYSTEM WITH NET REDUCES THE HASSLE OF APPLICATION INTEGRATION CRM and supply chain applications really can live in harmony How With Windows Server System and NET The NET Framework an integral component of Windows Server System is the development and execution environment that allows different components and applications to work together seamlessly T
130. nd DML replace joins with nested selects or include an execution plan to queries without touching the Java code Reduced resource demand Lower grade hence cheaper Java resources developers can be used With SQLC Java developers don t need to use the JDBC API or any other tool specific API they use compiled methods which if named properly are self descriptive __ACCOUNT_TYPE LLU port ey TARI Figure 1 www SYS CON com JD J e Increased productivity according to Adam Smith e Testability Statements can be tested independently of the Java applica tion in the SQL console Compiled classes can also be tested indepen dently by say JUnit without complicated fixtures The following sections show how to use SQLC and then TIl compare SQLC plain JDBC and O R mapping using Hibernate as an example ap plicability in different contexts Compilation Figure 1 shows a sample model that will be used to generate classes and interfaces We ll create a simple banking application capable of making fund transfers and collecting service charge from accounts with a low balance The full source code of the sample application can be downloaded See the references below The first step is to generate classes using an sqlc Ant task 1 lt sqle 2 script src com pavelvlasov sqlc samples Bank sql 3 dir sqlc_generated 4 docDir sqlcDoc 5 package com pavelvlasov sqlc samples 6 masterEngine BankEngine
131. ngth of full time employment of young programmers is also not more than two to four years As you get older over 50 in the U S you ll experience difficulties in finding pure programmer s jobs Hey you Out there in the cold getting lonely getting old can you feel me however I do know a mainframe contract program mer who turns 70 this month happy birthday Felix Of course he can t write as many if else statements per minute as a college graduate but he knows his application inside out and the firm is not planning to get rid of him If you prefer full time employment be loyal to the company you work for The firm s interests should take prior ity over your personal goals but don t get lazy Keep your technical skills up to date read professional books and magazines and visit Java online forums on a regular basis During difficult times your employer will let you go without thinking twice this is also what capital ism is about Gurus will have to go because their salaries are too high and junior developers will be replaced by an inexpensive workforce overseas But this is okay as long as you are technically sound have a positive attitude toward life and accept that all in all you were all just bricks in the wall References e Pink Floyd The Wall Album http www pinkfloyd co net disco wall wall_album html www SYS CON com JD Keep Your Skills Ahead of the Crowd Keeping your IT skills ahead of
132. nrolled in a transaction SQL Execution Metrics One more buy in for SQLC dear reader Compiled classes use a com pavelvlasov sql SQLProcessor class for all database requests An SQLProcessor class can gather JDBC statistics for you the SQL statement that was executed how many times min max average and total execution time You can read about metrics framework on www pavelvlasov com Database and JDK Compatibility SQLC requires JDK 1 4 and compatible JDBC drivers Drivers should implement Connection getMetaData Q PreparedState ment getMetaData and PreparedState ment getParameterMetaData This is a list of databases that I tested for SQLC compatibility Compatible e Oracle 9 2 with the ORANXO driver e Hypersonic 1 7 2 e Firebird 5 1 e Cloudscape 10 Incompatible e MySSQ 4 2 According to MySQLs JDBC driver documentation there is no such paradigm as a statement param eter in the MySQL engine so parameter ized statements are emulated and the implementation of getParameterMeta data Q requires a parser embedded in the MySQL JDBC driver e Oracle 9 2 with Oracle drivers Oracle drivers throw an exception with the message Unsupported feature when the getParameterMetadataQ method is invoked e Sun ODBC JDBC bridge from JDK 1 4 tested with Oracle 9 2 Please note that incompatibility doesn t mean that you can t take advantage of SQLC when you use an incompatible database If your s
133. ns and consequence For example the Event object pub lished by the EventInterceptor will be the root container of all objects used in the rule Since the objects contained in the event are entity beans their relation ships to other objects can be traversed by the rules to retrieve additional sys tem data relevant to evaluating the state of the system If a rule evaluates to true then logic is executed that will invoke the next services in the business pro cess Those services will in turn publish their own events Since the MDB uses container managed transactions all the services invoked by rules will be part of the same transaction Furthermore the rules are evaluated asynchronously with regard to the session bean that fired the event So the service doesn t have to wait for all the rules to complete The onSubmitOrder rule tests the source and name of the event It then extracts the Order from the event and invokes the OrderService provision operation The onProvisionOrder rule initiates a manual step in the business process by using the TaskService to as sign someone with the Shipper role to ship the order Conclusion Using this approach developers can focus on the true intent of their services and a business is free to change the rules to stay in tune with business driv ers The service operations are focused on the atomic unit of functionality that they must provide They aren t bur dened by tedious plumbing
134. nt the business process However its tradi tional Java thread based implementation shouldn t be used in applications hosted in a J2EE Application Server because the threads in that framework are beyond the control of the J2EE Container This article will discuss an intelligent solution for implementing custom multithreading by using message driven beans This mes sage driven bean based multithreading framework enables the J2EE container to manage threads and multiple MDBs to execute the business logic in parallel Java multithreading makes maximum use of the CPU by keeping the processor s idle time to minimum To avoid the overhead of creating threads on the fly every J2EE application server container has a default thread pool that contains a set of execute threads The container can borrow one of the threads from the pool and assign it a task Upon completion of the task the thread goes into a wait state ready to accept another assignment The J2EE container monitors all execute threads in that pool Custom threads are different from execute threads They are created and controlled by the applications rather than the container This article will introduce a solution implementing cus tom multithreading in a J2EE container Asynchronous Parallel Design Pattern The analysis model of the custom multithreading framework is based on the concept of asynchronous parallel design pattern The pattern combines the advantages of delegate
135. num ber of objects that is to say a certain amount of data that consumes memory and lasts according to its role in the inner workings of the application Lets take the simple example of a Web browser The object corresponding to the window you look at has exactly the same life span as the application itself while the object standing for the Google logo on the google com front page lasts only as long as you re on the page As a matter of fact an application spawns a large amount of short lived objects during its life span So you can understand that defining and controlling the lifecycle of every single object generated by an application demands a tremendous amount of work from developers A simple example should give you a better idea of the incredible number of objects that are born and then killed When you open a plain text file in a text editor in our case Jext 342 997 objects are created and destroyed Even the simple conversion of a pound to kilograms entails the birth and the death of more than 171 000 objects in Numerical Chameleon Imagine if the programmer had to know exactly how to handle every single object during an application s lifecycle Yet the Know Your Worst Friend the Garbage Collecto It can make or break performance slightest error can prove disastrous this is how infamous memory leaks happen A memory leak is caused by objects called undeads or zombies left unused but still marked alive in memory The mo
136. o extract the fltaginstall war file and deploy it in Tomcat This file contains everything a Web app needs to use the e SpreadSheet APIs so we ll use it as a shortcut for learning You can find the file in the install directory under eSS11 jars Creating the Spreadsheet In this example we re going to lever age a spreadsheet that does a useful but not widely known calculation called a weighted average The idea behind a weighted average is that a second number such as the quantity of items is used to give more or less importance to the numbers being averaged This function is commonly used to understand the true average price per product sold For example a grocery store may sell thousands of packs of bubblegum a week but less than a hun dred boxes of crackers Using a normal average the price of the crackers would raise the average price per product even though it sells nowhere near as well as the gum With a weighted aver age the number of items sold is prop erly figured into the average so that the store is aware of its real profit margins A weighted average can be easily calculated in Excel by using the formula SUMPRODUCT RANGE1 RANGE2 SUM RANGE2 where RANGE2 is the quantity or weighting of the numbers Let s create a spreadsheet to test this Open Excel or one of the other spreadsheet programs mentioned above Place the following titles in row 1 of columns 4 B an
137. of view the security functions enabled by cryptography are authentication which assures the recipient of a message that the originator is who he or she claims to be confidenti ality which ensures that a message can be read only by the intended recipient and integrity which assures the recipient that a message hasn t been altered in transit From a technical point of view cryptography is the science of protecting data by mathematically transforming it into an unreadable format For a typical Web user the browser does this In other words when a user types a secure Web site in the URL https www mysecuredsite com the browser ensures that server is who the server says it is The server s authenticity is verified via the digital certificate presented by the server Public Key Infrastructure Although any detailed description of cryptography is be yond the scope of this article since Public Key Infrastructure PKI is a commonly applied cryptography technique in most current SSL implementations it may be a good idea to touch on PKI briefly PKI is based on two keys a public key and a private key that are mathematically related and are used in public key encryption In public key encryption the public key can be passed publicly between the parties or published in a public repository but the associated private key remains private to the owner of the certificate Data encrypted with the public key can be decrypted only with the
138. om disk with the following tag lt f1 LoadBook book Average source average xls gt This tag tells the e SpreadSheet engine we want to load the average xls file and that we want to let other tags reference it by the name Average This tag will keep the spreadsheet in memory Sl E T E T T 1 BS Prce nits Pen 2 12 150 3 Gear 10 25 50 4 Clock 15 00 72 5 Dishes 20 22 10 6 Radio 23 00 15 Figure 1 www SYS CON com JD J until the session expires or the UnloadBook tag is called By default the engine will ignore the LoadBook tag if a spreadsheet by the same name has already been loaded so there s no need to worry about losing any modifications you ve made This behavior can be overridden with the reload attribute Now that the prep work is done we can finally display the data We can use the InsertRange tag to populate an HTML table with data from the spreadsheet automatically All we need to explain to the tag is the range and formatting Try adding the following tag to the JSP page lt fl InsertRange book Average range Al1 C6 table true spreadsheetformat true gt That s all there is to it If you save your page and access it in a Web browser you should see a table with the data from the average xls spreadsheet Basically we ve told the spreadsheet engine to pull cells Al through C6 from the spreadsheet named Average and d
139. ontent WEB INF lib Configuration server xml Though it s possible to run JSF based Web applications for remote benchmarking without changing Tomcat s server xml I strongly recom mend that you change it when you re developing on your local box and ask your provider to change it on the serv er to make it more convenient to do other things like working with data bases using JNDID So it s important to have experience related to working with server xml The file is located under Tomcat Home conf For remote benchmark applications the only change you need to make in server xml is to insert this line tag in the file lt Context path Directory with Your Application reloadable true docBase Tomcat Home webapps Directory with Your Application auxiliary direc tory debug 0 gt In our example above notation will be written as lt Context path DwhetSF reloadable true docBase C jakarta tomcat 5 0 19 webapps DwhetSF WebContent debug 0 gt This tag should be inserted after lt Logger className org apache cata lina logger FileLogger directory logs prefix localhost_log suffix txt timestamp true gt tag and before lt Host gt tag faces contig xml and web xml These files should be located under Tomcat Home webapps Directory with Your Application auxiliary directory WEB INF The standard contents of web xml can be used in most of y
140. ony 69 2 Subscription Price Includes FREE JDJ Digital Edition www SYS GON com JDJ or 1 888 303 5282 OFFER SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE May 2005 LON FEATURE words its purpose is to agree on algorithms exchange random values and check for session resumption if there s already an established session The hello message typically contains a random structure that s used later in the protocol The random structure contains the current time and date in standard Unix 32 bit format and 28 bytes generated by the secure random generator This is the same SecureRandom class that was instantiated during the SSLSocket Factory implementation The following represents an example of a random structure java RandomCookie GMT 1068318819 bytes 179 149 240 59 32 133 114 223 214 179 158 252 216 163 195 81 38 109 86 103 87 233 180 113 250 85 224 249 The client hello message also includes a variable length session identifier This is the identity of the session correspond ing to the connection Generally this field is empty when no session_id is available as shown below or the client is initiating a new session and wants to generate new security parameters java Session ID The next field in the Hello message is the cipher suites sup ported by the client The client sends the list of all the cipher suites it supports This is the list of cryptographic algorithms supported by the client
141. or such a pow erful system My own employer s Web site delivers most of its Java applica tion services through a cluster of four machines and two database servers and even when we first started the Java developer connection site we literally had a single ultra 1 machine Yet it s a testament to Java technology that no one is rushing to build a C or NET processor to compete In closing next month s edition if JDJ will be focused on JavaOne prob ably still the largest Java conference in the world If you have any interesting stories to share please let me know at calvin austin sys con com I have been fortunate to have attended every show to date and will be sharing my tips and tricks on making the most of the conference www SYS CON com JD Do it yourself Mobilize your business without losing money or sleep Mobilize overnight It s easy manageable and fast A Division of CTIA The Wireless Association Phoneomena products allow the enterprise to easily create its own mobile applications or mobilize existing applications without having to learn new technologies or make upfront investments With Phoneomena products you will not be locked into any mobile platform and will not waste time and resources learning J2 ME Brew Windows Mobile Palm OS or Symbian You will be freed to focus on your mobilization strategy to achieve your business goals You will literally be able to mobilize overnight using only th
142. ou can imagine it s a lot more efficient and interesting to learn about a new technology based on its relation to familiar technologies than to learn about it by reading the specification cover to cover As always the devil is in the details But most details are critical only if you want to specialize in a given technology For instance if you want to specialize in Web services you need to familiarize yourself with the details of Web service development In that case your next step would be to learn how to format the messages how to expose Web services and so on Adam Kolawa Ph D Chairman CEO of Parasoft Parasoftt Jtest Deliver better Java code in less time with fewer resources omas D A mia e hen j og a B gene Beeoe o pees Parasoft Jtest makes Java unit testing and coding standards analysis fast and painless With just a click you can verify that your Java code is robust high quality and secure Jtest automatically verifies compliance to hundreds of coding rules while automatically generating and executing JUnit test cases creating harnesses stubs and inputs See how Jtest can enhance your Java development efforts Visit our Parasoft Jtest Resource Center at www parasoft com jtest_JDJ for the latest information including white papers webinars presentations and more Oe Re rea e ne E PARASOFT Email jtest_JDJ parasoft com Call 888 305 0041 x2174 eS ee e Full
143. our develop ment I recommend the following sample of web xml www javaranch com newsletter 200404 files web xml html You will need to change faces config xml for each new application For remote benchmarking faces config xml can be written as shown in Listing 1 The listing will be commented in the next sections Property Files These files aren t mandatory but can be useful for various messages For brevity s sake the property file related to the application is omitted JSPs As you can see in Listing 1 we need input jsp and response jsp The first page is for user input handling and validation the second one is used for remote benchmarking output The connections with the managed bean described below are provided by the JSF Expression Language expressions Oon To obtain DWhetstone results please fill out form below Number of user loops irom 100 s 200 no Number of omer loops rem 110 10 300 154 Wait about 2 minutes for results Figure 1 Application s input Some May 2005 17 WEB APPLICATIONS O AEN TI How to Deploy on a Remote Server A De ett ne ere RE CEO oeg After you will test the application on T a te your local box you ll want to deploy it Number of imer Loops 310 E Ask you provider if you can deploy war Nimder of Omer Loops 144 AE files If the answer is yes create a war Etapred ene 7 O komt 682000 0 file and ftp it in the appropriate direc tory on the remote server If
144. oyee of a large corporation He knew that he d be more secure there Momma s gonna keep baby cozy and warm and was ready to work for such a firm for many years He found such a job and had to start from scratch learning the rules of the corporate world your phone conversations may be recorded a designated person will browse your e mails your applications will be protected by a couple of firewalls and DMZ Mom ma wont let anyone dirty get through He had been promised a yearly training and planned to visit San Francisco while studying new Java technologies at the JavaOne conference Sorry but our training budget is not as good as it used to be We dont need no education but we have an exciting Six Sigma training coming up which will greatly help your career and you may even earn a green belt in a couple of years He learned to play politics and got used to working late hours to meet the unrealistic dead lines that were set by some incognito bad JAVA ENTERPRISE VIEWPOINT person from up above Alex met all dead lines because bonus time was looming ahead Ifyou dont eat yer meat you cant have any pudding Steve decided to work for himself so he opened a one man company and started his career as a contractor Even though his contracts were usually long term Steve always knew that he needed to maintain good technical skills to be prepared for the next technical inter view He was the first to learn Aspect Oriented Pro
145. pecification integrates EJB with JMS and defines a new type of Enterprise JavaBean Message Driven Bean MDB It enables the EJB container to support the asynchronous parallel design pattern Because the basic theo ries of the Java thread based CMF don t negatively impact the application server runtime we ll use the same analysis model to design the MDB based CME For the purpose of demonstration the MDB based framework will be implemented and deployed on WebLogic Server 8 1 www SYS CON com JD The MDB Based Multithreading Framework We implement the CMF using MDB because the EJB container supports concurrency and multithreading and the MDB supports asynchronous inter actions Figure 5 depicts the conceptual view of the MDB based CME Task Interface The Task interface in the MDB based framework serves the same purpose as it does in the Java thread based frame work An object of a class implementing the Task Interface represents a specific business case The following code illustrates how to implement the Task interface public interface Task extends java io Serioliazble public void execute Because an EJB container is pro cessing incoming messages in parallel threads it s possible for a later mes sage to be processed before an earlier one Since each JMS message contains a Task type object the MDB based framework shouldn t make assumptions about the order in which tasks are deliv ered to the instances o
146. principles to modeling Encapsulation encloses data and behavior in a programming module Encapsulation is represented by the two close principles of information hiding and implementation hiding Information hiding restricts access to the object data using a clearly defined interface that hides the internal details of the object s structure For each restricted class variable this interface appears as a pair of get and set methods that define read and write access to the variable Implementation hiding defines the access restrictions to the object methods also using a clearly defined interface that hides the internal details of object implementation and exposes only the methods that com prise object behavior Both information and implementation hiding serve the main goal assuring the highest level of decoupling between classes Inheritance is a relationship that defines one entity in terms of another It designates the ability to create new classes types that contain all the methods and properties of another class plus additional methods and properties Inheritance combines interface inheritance and implementa tion inheritance In this case interface inheritance describes a new interface in terms of one or more existing inter faces while implementation inheritance defines a new implementation in terms of one or more existing implementa tions Both interface inheritance and www SYS CON com JD implemen
147. r end users to find and discover the information they need Whether the organization is deploying online product catalogs docu ment search site search intranet enterprise search knowledgebases or embedded OEM search the challenge remains the same How do we make it easy for our users to find what they are looking for quickly and efficiently www dieselpoint com Wily Technology Offers Breakthrough Web Application Browser Response Monitor Brisbane CA Wily Technology a provider of enterprise application management soft ware has announced the availability of the Wily Browser Response Time BRT Adapter for monitoring Web application response to end user browser requests Wily s BRT Adapter is the first performance monitor to provide full component level transaction visibility from the browser to back end systems with no hardware no synthetic transactions no application code changes no security risk and with low overhead The Wily BRT Adapter is integrated with Wily Introscope an application monitoring and management tool and is fully functional out of the box www wilytech com Oracle Fusion Middleware Enhances Application Foundation for Enterprise Services and Business Applications Redwood Shores CA As part of its com mitment to help organizations integrate and manage enterprise complexity Oracle has an nounced OracleFusion Middleware and a road map for certifying PeopleSoft and JD Edwards applications w
148. r medium size web site 49 monthly DIUE 1D Colg 2GB RAM 2 XxX 73GB SCSI 2000GB monthly transfer J2EE and Cluster ready Imagine a hosting company dedicated to meet the requirements for complex web sites and applications such as those developed with Java J2EE At WebAppCabaret our standards based process and tools make deploying Java J2EE applications as easy as a point and click We call it Point and Deploy Hosting Our advanced NGASI Web Hosting management Control was designed for the hosting and management of complex web sites and applications thus cutting down on maintenance time Backed by an experienced staff as well as a Tier 1 Data center and network Our network is certified with frequent security audits by reputable security firms All hosting plans come with advanced tools to manage your application server and Apache web server Not to mention the other features such as virus protected email bug tracking and many more portal components Complete power and control at the tip of your fingers We take care of the system and hosting infrastructure so you can concentrate on development and deployment of your application That is real ROI Log on now at http www webappcabaret com jdj jsp or call today at 1 866 256 7973 S We bA J Caba ret Prices plans and terms subject to change without notice Please log on to our website for the latest price and terms Copyright 1999 2005 WebAppShowcase Al
149. re undeads wandering about the more memory the application will need The program eventu ally runs of out fresh memory and crashes Good memory management is one of the most difficult issues in low level languages like C or C Some high level languages like Java or Python rely on a GC that cuts down the programmer s workload So a developer supported by a GC only needs to do object creation Although extremely convenient a GC is not a miracle tool and every so often does wicked things Sheltered behind this powerful shield against memory management the developer can easily provoke a disaster and wind up blaming the GC the language or the platform for his own mistakes By studying and understanding the inner work ings of the GC you can optimize the Java Virtual Machine according to the specific needs of your applications Best of all you won t have to change the source code And you ll be able to use these trick with applications you didn t write Garbage collectors have been around for a long time and dozens of algorithms have been devised to implement dif ferent collection strategies The behaviors and properties were about to discuss are specific to Sun s HotSpot JVM 1 4 1 and higher Developers are free to choose their own memory reclaiming strategy when writing a GC which is why we must focus on a particular implementation to learn how to optimize our programs accurately You should also know that the same JVM version yields di
150. ress through two separate providers e g from home and the of fice If it resolves to two different hosts outside the site s domain they re likely to be edge servers Another clue is when Netcraft reports an impossible platform combination such as this htip www cdc gov was running Microsoft IIS on Linux when last queried at 24 Sep 2004 10 01 22 GMT CDN Integration Options My first impression after read ing white papers published by CDN providers and talking to their sales staff was that integrating a CDN into the solution architecture was easy and transparent It looked like all that had to be done to make an application globally available was to sign the con tract and provide the server and URL information However reality is rarely that simple and CDNs as most other optimizations can be ineffective even detrimental if applied incorrectly Further analysis identified five possible levels of integration between Web appli cations and CDNs They put different requirements on the Web application and have a major impact on end user perfor mance and the load on the application by Alex Maclinovsky There are five possible levels of inte gration between a Web application and a CDN Asset Caching Page Caching Personalized Page Caching Edge Side Includes and Edge Computing Asset Caching Cacheable assets include file based elements embedded in the pages and files that are downloadable from a site They can be
151. roperty value gt MQSeries lt config property value gt 22 May 2005 selecting the methods you want to expose as Web Services and defining the style of SOAP messaging RPC Encoded RPC Literal or Document Literal Since the procedures to follow are usually vendor specific I won t go into much detail in this article suffice it to say that every J2EE 1 4 compliant vendor provides tooling for this purpose A final note just as JAX RPC standardizes the server side of J2EE Web Services it provides a set of standard models for building JAX RPC clients The goal of any Web Services client is to programmatically construct a SOAP message conforming to the specification laid out in the Web Services WSDL file To that end JAX RPC imple mentations typically provide a WSDL to Java client generation tool such as those found in both OC4J and Oracle JDeveloper Summary In this article I have presented an implementation strategy that illustrates how organizations can reuse their back end messaging infrastructure such as MQSeries Tibco JMS Oracle AQ or Sonic JMS and yet lay a foundation that will let them enjoy the benefits of SOA Our strategy builds on two key tech nologies JAX RPC and the J2EE Connector Architecture and consists of three steps configuring a JMS resource adapter to work with your specific JMS provider or back end building a JMS application that accesses the JMS provider via the config ured JMS resource adapter and pu
152. s For example Payment getPayee returns java lang Integer On the other hand if the column parameter isn t nullable then a primitive type is used For example Payment getId returns int Now let s get down to business and cre ate a method that transfers funds from one account to another We want the database to calculate the new account balance so we add two lines to sqlc task 54 lt updatename AccountCredit gt UPDATE ACCOUNT SET BALANCE BALANCE WHERE ID lt update gt 55 lt updatename AccountDebit gt UPDATE ACCOUNT SET BALANCE BALANCE WHERE ID lt update gt Then we run the task again This results in two additional methods in BankEn gine accountCredit BigDecimal int and accountDebit BigDecimal int We could also store the statements in a database table and use lt dbstatements gt nested element in the lt sqlc gt task or store them to an xml file and use a lt statements gt nested element Here is the transfer method per se 56 void transfer BigDecimal amount int debit int credit String owner Integer payee throws BankException SQLException 57 BankEngine engine getEngine 58 Account da engine getAccount debit 59 if da getBalance compareTo amount lt 0 60 throw new InsufficientFundsExcep tion 61 There are not enough funds on account 62 da getId 63 Required 64 t amount 65 available 66 da getBalance 67 6
153. s MVC model view controller There are a number of MVC based frameworks These days however JSF from Sun Microsystems is gaining momentum and is supported by Apache Oracle IBM Borland and other prominent Java ven dors JSF is free Location Location Location Suppose you re going to develop a Web application on your Linux or Windows XP Pro boxes and install it on your provider s server Here is what you need to do starting from the scratch First you need to download J2EE from Sun at http java sun com j2ee 1 4 download html and install it In theory you can work with JSF at this point See Sun s J2EE tutorial on how to do it However it s useful to use JSF with Tomcat You may want to download the latest version of Tomcat from Apache and use the technique described below Tomcat binaries can be downloaded from http jakarta apache org site binindex cgi The latest Tomcat release is Tomcat 5 The differences between versions aren t important to this article We assume you ll use a Tomcat 5 servlet container The installations described here are straightforward no additional com ments are needed From here on out for brevity s sake it s assumed youre using a Windows XP Pro box What to do with a Linux box is pretty much the same and will also be described below To work with JSF and Tomcat 5 you need to download the JSF reference implemetation JARs that are zipped in a file jsf 1_1 zip from Sun
154. s service marks or trademarks of their respective companies BPA Y www SYS CON com JD M tig A FROM THE GROUP PUBLISHER Begins at Home hen we opened up the JDJ do main javadevelopersjournal com to bloggers everywhere we knew the take up would be good But one thing we couldn t be certain about in advance was whether the blogs themselves would be any good We needn t have worried As many of you will already have found out the editors of JDJ all blog regularly and naturally RSS feeds are available too so if in between issues of the magazine you want to read something by say Ajit Sagar all you need to do now is scoot over to http ajitsagar javadevelopersjour nal com or subscribe to Ajit s RSS feed http java sys con com read rss 9 htm Likewise you ll find Calvin Austin s feed at http java sys con com read rss 65 htm and so on A list of RSS feeds to all the JDJ Editors Blogs can be found at the new JDJ main page http jdj sys con com where you ll always be just one click away from being able keep up with the latest thoughts of Ajit and Calvin or those of Joe Winchester Yakov Fain Bill Dudney and Michael Yuan Jason Bell http java sys con com read rss 66 htm is back now on the JDJ team too Talking of Michael Yuan he is going to run a JavaOne BoF next month titled Smarter Rich Client Through Middleware Services Given the recent interest in running Swing apps insi
155. s a native XML query language that integration platforms and components can use to aggregate data under the unifying umbrella of XML XQuery levels the data integration playing field by providing a single interface that lets devel opers access multiple data sources under a unifying data model Why is XQuery so im portant In talking with many customers build ing SOA applications I have found that one of their greatest challenges lies with data integration Business critical data is typically stored in relational database management systems RDBMSs providing reliable and centrally managed data reposito ries In spite of the dominant position of relational data the growth of XML es pecially as a format for exchanging data over the Internet has forced business applications to function seamlessly with both XML and relational data Fortunately W3C XQuery has emerged as an indispensable approach for inte grating data in particular when working with XML and relational data To that end I believe developers will increas ingly rely on XQuery technology that has the ability to abstract any data source as XML lets them work with XML and XQuery relational data together in a highly op timized fashion and reduces the effort of building applications suited to the demands of SOA For example we are already seeing the major RDBMS vendors embedding XQuery support as a means to expos ing relational data as XML data
156. s answers to the what question because they unfold what to do to achieve design harmony This is similar to the answer on what to do to build an internal combustion engine At the top level of the OO design pyramid we find the most effective approaches to solving generic and specific problems in certain contexts We can think of this level as the one answering the where question It s like picking the most efficient engine constructions for particular consumer requirements So different levels of the OO design pyramid tackle different aspects of OO design Experience shows that one can t leave any of them out without running the risk of loosing something important Applying the elements from the upper levels without aligning them to the lower levels can lead to design flaws while applying elements from the lower levels without knowing the upper levels can increase design time potentially at a lower quality since designers would be forced to reinvent the wheel see Figure 3 Conclusion Because OO design elements focus on different aspects of OO design coupled with their controversial and generic nature knowing or even mas tering only one or two levels of the OO design pyramid isn t enough to develop contemporary robust flexible extensi ble and stable software OO designers and developers have to take all levels of the pyramid into account and apply them in a systematic manner Applying OO desig
157. s com FREE TRIALS sales reportingengines com DEMOS AND 888 884 8665 1 913 851 2200 SAMPLE CODE ENTERPRISE in Object Oriented Design Design heuristics scientifically proven OO design guidelines and the world beyond the beginning Gene Shadrin s an enterprise architect with 17 years of make them feel completely self suffi software development experi ence including object oriented analysis design architecture and development of real life en terprise Java systems He is a Sun Certified Enterprise Architect PMP and consults for govern ment agencies and Fortune 500 24 organizations genes eltrong com May 2005 bject oriented design is like an alloy consisting of a solid grounding in the object ori ented OO approach and implementing the best OO practices heavily laced with how to sidestep the OO pitfalls The design process isn t only a matter of applying basic OO principles One should go further and achieve a reasonable tradeoff between OO design principles and applicable design patterns This article will discuss the relationship between three sources of a solid OO design and offer a starting point to understanding what is in effect a complex process It will also serve as a review for experienced designers The 00 Design Pyramid When developers first turn to object oriented development they try to grasp the basics It may take several project lifetimes Getting a full sen
158. s fabric Most large organizations however have already invested in a back end messaging infrastructure using products such as MQ Series Tibco JMS Oracle Advanced Queuing Sonic JMS or SwiftMQ They don t want to replace that infrastruc ture to get to SOA they want to reuse it Enter J2EE 1 4 with two key technologies to enable Web Services and messaging infrastructure reuse JAX RPC the built in interoperability tested J2EE API for building SOAP based Web Services and the J2EE Connector Architecture now designed to support both inbound and outbound communications from Enterprise Information Systems Let s start with an overview of the related technologies such as J2EE Connector Architecture JCA Java Messaging Service JMS Web Services and Java API for XML Remote Procedure Calls AX RPC Then I ll present our implementation strategy and use a sample application to show how it works in detail J2EE Connector Architecture JCA is a required J2EE 1 4 API It defines a standard archi tecture for connecting the J2EE platform to heterogeneous Enterprise Information Systems EISs such as ERP systems mainframe transaction processing systems relational data base systems or JMS providers JCA defines system level contracts that encapsulate impor tant requirements for effective scalable integration with EISs such as connection pooling and transaction management The EIS side of these system level contracts is implemented in a
159. scriptor The MDB will be activated by a topic destination called topic net jcg EventTopic and its subscription is durable so no events are dropped The Inject annotation is used to access the rules engine from the JNDI tree The onMessage method extracts the Event object from the message passes it to the onEvent method and grace fully handles exceptions The onEvent method uses the RuleRuntime object to create a StatelessRuleSession A stateless session is used so the session s memory starts fresh for each event The session is created with the name of the rule set that will be evaluated OrderProcess Once the session is created the rules are invoke gy invoke Figure 1 State Machine collaboration diagram Figure 2 Business process activity diagram customer product Figure 3 Business entity class diagram orders evaluate lineltems Figure 4 Services class diagram May 2005 37 LOA ENTERPRISE A SERVICES Figure 5 Framework class diagram executed by passing the event object as input to the executeRules method The rules engine evaluates the rules against the state of the system The rules are defined in XML and are loaded at startup The rules are grouped into rule sets See Listing 4 Each rule consists of parameters zero or more conditions and a consequence The parameters define the classes in the RuleSession that will be used in the conditio
160. se are compilers that target the CLR in that sense the CLR is like aVM it abstracts away the underlying CPU One more quick example of a reader blog worth subscribing to is http straxus javadevelopersjournal com where a recent entry discussed Sun and open source It s interesting to see the extent to which Sun has adopted Open Source ideas and principles at least in part blogged Straxus On the one hand they ve released several major pieces of software into the Open Source world and opened up a boat load of patents to Solaris developers On the other hand Java is not Open Source and shows no signs of changing that status any time soon There seems to be a certain amount of duality in Sun s public activities Straxus concludes and I suspect that this might be part of an internal corporate struggle to determine which way proprietary or open is the best way to go It ll be interest ing to see how this shakes out over the next year OF so It will be interesting too to see how blog ging at javadevelopersjournal com shakes out The early signs are that it is going to be a fast growing community and to encour age its widening and deepening we are already devoting space online to featuring blogs that inform stimulate entertain or inspire So if you havent started one yet now s the time after all who s to say it won t be your latest blog that s featured one day in an editorial
161. se of object orientation is a big shift in people s minds especially for those who come from the procedural world Such prin ciples are like ABC books since they define the foundation of the OO world Once people get a sense of the basic principles they start feeling the power of the OO approach In our experience this is a dramatic moment for every OO designer and developer The euphoria of possessing a powerful methodology can cient and they stop and don t try for per fection It takes time to realize that there are significant issues beyond the basics that can be found in the accumulated wisdom of the OO developer commu nity and are expressed in a set of design heuristics and scientifically proven OO design guidelines Some OO designers jump to using design patterns every where like a cookie recipe Although design patterns are important and useful tools in building OO systems they re just templates that define a common design language and significantly improve design quality when properly used To build contemporary real world enterprise class systems OO design ers should a be proficient in basic OO principles b master the principles of OO design and c understand design patterns Otherwise the chance of design flaws and total cost of system ownership increases And with growing adoption of Service Oriented Architecture SOA the robustness of the SOA services can depend directly on the solidity of the OO de
162. se the targetClass shall have a single argument constructor of a type compatible with the automatically gener ated implementation In the latter case the automatically generated implementation AccountImp l is instantiated populated and then passed to targetClass constructor There are also methods that have Con verter as a last parameter Such methods ask Converter to convert an instance of say AccountImpl to something else and www SYS CON com JD then put that something else into a collection to be returned The code snip pet below is taken from Jsel It demonstrates the use of conversion 1 getSqlEngine getExternalSupplierClients 140 getName 141 getScanNumber 142 packageName 143 new Converter 144 public Object convert Object source 145 return getCompilationUnit Number source intValue 146 147 148 The last trick is the injection of SQLProcessor into instantiated collection elements This is very straightforward if the object to be put into collection implements com pavelvlasov sql DataAccessObject then the SQLProcessor doing the projection will inject itself into the instance PaymentImplExclass in the sample application and the HistoryInspector JoinedHistoryImplEx class in Hammurapi http www hammurapi org demonstrate the use of the advanced features Hibernate or Incarnate This is a philosophical section that ruminates on what is primary data or Java ob
163. seem insane at first time but don t forget the interfaces just represent data and don t bear any other semantics Inheritance is convenient for writing generic data processing algorithms It s also possible to get SQLC to reuse existing interfaces or generate www SYS CON com JD interfaces that extend existing interfaces Its done by adding an lt interface gt element to the lt sqlc gt task One more feature in interface generation is the generation of common denominator interfaces A common denominator interface is generated if there are two or more interfaces that start with the same word s and have common methods For example if there are two queries that generate two interfaces PersonUsa and PersonRussia 113 public interface PersonUsa 114 int getId 115 String getLastName 116 String getFirstName 117 String getSsn 118 119 120 public interface PersonRussia 121 int getId 122 String getLastName 123 String getFirstName 124 String getPassportNo 125 SQLC will find that 1 Both queries names start with the word Person A word is defined as a sequence of characters starting with a capital letter 2 Queries have common columns And it will generate the interface Person PersonUsa and PersonRussia will extend the interface Person Based on Java Servlets Java Serverpages and Struts Contains the most common contro
164. server traverses the list of cipher suites supported by the client and selects the highest supported be tween the client server It also selects the available compres sion algorithm from the list sent by the client As you ll see in the following output the server has picked the following Ciphersuite the first in the list sent by the client java Cipher Suite SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128 MD5 And the compression method again from the client list java Compression Method 0 If either the ciphersuite or the compression method does not match the session will fail java Created Session 1 SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128 MD5 across Intranets extranets and the Internet www SYS CON com JD Certificate Exchange In its response to the client request the server sends a certifi cate Although this step can be optional in most cases it s man datory because in typical SSL implementations the client invari ably requests the server s authentication In an anonymous key exchange none of the parties neither the client nor the server are authenticated This mode is vulnerable to a man in middle attack and isn t a widely used key exchange mode The following is a sample of a server certificate key exchange java Certificate chain java chain 0 java java Version V1 java Subject CN username OU FOR TESTING ONLY O MyOrganization L MyTown ST MyState C US java Signature Algorithm MD5withRSA OID 1
165. sign of underlying components The pyramid in Figure 1 represents three sources of a solid OO design It also defines a systematic view of design and uncovers dependencies between these sources Now let s discuss each level of this pyramid from an architectural and design point of view Of course there s no way to explain these topics com pletely in such short article but we ll try to highlight the necessity of paying attention to the dependencies and their impact on the quality of OO design Basic 00 principles The first level of the OO design pyra mid is formed by a set of basic OO prin ciples The most basic OO principles include encapsulation inheritance and poly morphism Along with abstraction association aggregation and composi tion they form the foundation of the OO approach These basic principles rest on a concept of objects that depicts real world entities such as say books cus tomers invoices or birds These classes can be considered templates for object instantiation or object types In other words class specifies what an object can ENTERPRISE by Gene Shadrin do behavior and defines patterns for its data state Modeling the real world in terms of an object s state and behav ior is the goal of the OO approach In this case state is represented by a set of object attributes or data and behavior is represented by the object s methods Now we ll discuss the application of basic OO
166. sources therefore implicitly increasing data portability and accessibility via XQuery RDBMSs without integrated support for XQuery will continue to delegate the re sponsibility to the middle tier to ensure their equal participation in increased data integration In fact I believe it is likely that the middle tier will emerge as the sweet spot for Java developers to es tablish an integration com ponent end point iCE as a means to integrate a set of distributed data sources In this scenario technolo gies like DataDirect XQuery from DataDirect Tech nologies will let developers weave together distributed relational data sources with XML data and expedite the migration toward SOA based applications For those groaning at O the prospect of yet another query language the power of XQuery and the productivity gains of using XQuery for data aggregation amplify how XQuery can work in con cert with business applications evolving toward SOA Significantly XML IDEs already provide extensive tools to help developers build and migrate their Java applications to use XQuery thus maximizing their business data for SOA XQuery uniquely safeguards corporate investment in relational databases while enabling established data for participat ing in your enterprise s SOA push As the power of the XQuery language becomes more fully appreciated I expect the importance of middle tier XQuery implementations will result in significant prod
167. spreadsheet into memory and do data changes calculations even charting using nothing more than the formulas coded into the spreadsheet Even more impressive is its ability to create spreadsheets from scratch With this functionality reports can be deliv ered the same way they were received in a spreadsheet In this article l II take you through a simple example of using a spreadsheet for common business logic lIl use the JSP Tag Library APIs to make the code easy to follow along But don t be fooled The full API lets you do these calcula tions in EJBs Swing Applications or any other code that needs spreadsheet functionality Requirements To use the code in this article you ll need to download and install the e SpreadSheet engine from http www reportingengines com and you ll need an application server capable of run ning JSP pages If you don t have one readily available you can download Apache Tomcat from http jakarta apache org You ll also need a copy of Excel or OpenOffice to create the documents Alternatively you can download Re portingEngines companion product e SpreadSheet Designer Designer is a GUI based on the e SpreadSheet engine Its features are like Excel s and it lets you graphically design a spreadsheet from a database XML source or text file After you install the necessary Logic in Excel Morphing an Excel spreadsheet into Java business logic software you ll need t
168. sses and objects inheritance relationships association relationships etc Heuristics are less fundamental than design principles but they clarify explain and expand design principles Both design principles and heuristics can be controversial In other words some design principles and heuristics have internal dissension while others contradict each other For example conforming to the Open Closed Figure 1 Design pyramid May 2005 25 LO ENTERPRISE A 26 Principle can be expensive and lead to unnecessary complexity the class model should be pertinent to a specific context What do designers get if they achieve conformance The answer is the greatest benefits of the OO paradigm flexibility reusability and maintainability Another example the Liskov Substitution Principle restricts the use of inheritance while the Open Closed Principle embraces it But for all the controversy inherent in design principles and heuristics they still give the OO designer such a powerful and systematic basis for robust design that the resulting OO model created with their help is of immeasurably better quality than the ones built on just basic OO principles Design Patterns The top level of OO design pyramid represents design patterns There are 23 basic design patterns identified by Gang of Four Erich Gamma Richard Helm Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides 21 core J2EE pat terns identified by
169. sys con com Accounts Receivable Gail Naples gailn sys con com SYS CON Events President SYS CON Events Grisha Davida grisha sys con com National Sales Manager Jim Hanchrow jimh sys con com Customer Relations Circulation Service Coordinators Edna Earle Russell edna sys con com Linda Lipton linda sys con com JD Store Manager Brunilda Staropoli bruni sys con com www SYS CON com JD ELIMINATE PERFORMANCE ISSUES AND RELATED ANAIETY FOR RELIEF OF STRESS DUE TO SUBOPTIMAL PERFORMANCE JBuilder IS PROVEN EFFECTIVE ACROSS THE APPLICATION LIFECYCLE JBuilder from Borland relieves the stress of performance anxiety associated with Application Development Dysfunction A powerful component of Software Delivery Optimization SDO from Borland JBuilder rapidly improves individual performance and productivity But it doesn t stop there Thanks to deep integration across the entire Application Lifecycle JBuilder can help your entire team create better software faster Don t let performance issues keep you from success ASK BORLAND IF SDO IS RIGHT FOR YOU borland com jbuilder JBuilder is indicated for organizations that wish to attain real competitive advantage in the marketplace Side effects include increased margins greater customer satisfaction and improved efficiency 2005 Borland Software Corporation All rights reserved All Borland brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Borland So
170. t KeyType is jks is assumed Server Public Key 4 Browser generates its private public key pair 5 Browser uses the server s public key to encrypt its data keyStore is D secureKeystore userid myUserlD password myPassword keyStore type is jks init keystore 6 Transmitted data dfas ZXfdgof Encryption 7 Server decrypts the data using its private key Similarly the location and the type of trustStore Djavax net ssl trustStore are associated with the SSLContext Gow Browser Public Key trustStore is D Securekeystore trustStore type is jks Figure 1 Browser server communication init truststore 44 May 2005 www SYS CON com JD Identify the KeyManager and TrustManagers A TrustManager is used to authenticate the remote identity of a secure socket peer A keyManager is used to authenticate a local socket peer to a remote secure socket peer A default SSLContext is initialized with a KeyManger and TrustManager init keymanager of type SunX509 reads all the available cer tificates from the trust and loads it into memory ji K O SSL requires a cryptographically secure pseudo random number generator PRNG With a pseudo random number generator given a short random input the key one can generate an output string as long one needs and is impossible to distinguish from a truly random string In Java the Secure Random class provides this capability During this step the S
171. tatements and database DDL are compatible with Hypersonic you can use the script element or attribute of the sqlc task to have Hypersonic provide the metadata information needed and then use compiled classes with your target database I did it with Oracle it worked just fine Compiled classes don t use any JDK 1 4 features and should be 1 3 x compatible but I didn t test them on Java 1 3 Aerobatics In this section I ll describe several ad vanced features The first one is changing the visibility of the generated classes and method By default all classes and methods are public This can be changed to say package visibility by setting the engineVisibility engineMethods Visibility and or interfa celmplVisibility attributes of the SQLC task In previous sections you saw an example of the projection getAccountSubjectToServi ceCharge BigDecimal String method It re turns a collection of Accountimpl objects It is possible to have getAccountSubjectToSer viceCharge Q return a collection contain ing elements of another type Ifyou take a look at the BankEngine class you ll find that there are several getAccountSubject ToServiceChargeQ methods with different signatures Those methods that have java lang Class targetClass as a last parameter do the following trick ifthe targetClass is a subclass of the automatically generated implementation then targetClass is instan tiated and populated from the database row Otherwi
172. tation inheritance are used to extend the behavior of a base entity Polymorphism is the ability of dif ferent objects to respond differently to the same message Polymorphism lets a client make the same request of different objects and assume that the operation will be appropriate to each class of object There are two kinds of polymorphism inheritance polymor phism which works on an inheritance chain and operational polymorphism which specifies similar operations for non related out of inheritance classes or interfaces Because inheritance poly morphism lets a subclass subtype over ride the operation that it inherits from its superclass supertype it creates a way to diversify the behavior of inherited objects in an inheritance chain while keeping their parent objects intact Polymorphism is closely related to inher itance as well as to encapsulation Naturally some OO principles are controversial in the sense that they contradict one another For example to be able to inherit from a class one should know the internal structure of that class while encapsulation s goal is exactly the opposite it tries to hide as much of the class structure as possible In real life the tradeoff between these two principles is a fine line that can t be established without stepping up to the next level in the design pyramid 00 Design Principles and Heuristics OO design principles and heuristics form the second level in OO d
173. that will be served through a Content Delivery Network it s important to determine exactly what will be cached and delivered from the edge and design the applica tion accordingly Asset Caching is least effective but universally applicable and can be used without any limitations Page Caching and Personalized Page Caching are very effective but to work reliably and consistently they require cached applica tions to adhere to the basic rules outlined in this article Maintaining strict URL discipline isn t necessarily a limitation but a good design principle It will make Listing 1 public class SessionRadar extends HttpServletRequestWrapper public static final String MSG applications not only cacheable but also easily bookmarkable by users and indexable by search engines Edge Side Includes and Edge Computing are very powerful caching solutions for highly personalized and transactional applica tions but they impose radical changes on the architecture and are incompatible with many Web technologies and ap plication platforms References e Information about specific Content Delivery Networks can be found on the vendor sites http www aka mai com en html technology over view html and http www speedera com primary Tech Over htm e http uptime netcraft com up graph offers useful tools for probing sites and determining their hosting and platform information e Additional information on ESI can be found
174. the crowd is not as difficult as most people fear Staying on top of the trends may seem like a daunting task if like most people you assume that each new technology is a completely new invention that you must learn from the ground up Fortunately nothing is really all that new Inventors typically create new technologies by studying existing technologies then building upon them in ways that extend and improve them 100 new technological advancements are very rare Inventors almost always leverage legacy technologies as they invent new ones Why not leverage your own knowledge of those legacy technologies as you try to learn about the new inventions To learn about new technologies as painlessly as possible consider how each new advancement is similar to what you already know For example consider Web services Web services are a new trend but at a technological level the parts of a Web service are not all that unique Web services are based on remote procedural calls messages sent to a server which calls the requested function RPCs were developed years ago and are hardly a new concept Really the only new thing in Web services is the standard that is being used to write the application If you break down Web services in this way it s easy to learn about them To continue with this process you might next explore the payload requirements the process for determining what function to call and how the call works As y
175. to tie in the URL of the server he wants to communicate with The browser handled all of the message exchange key generation and SSL handshake However when a programmatic client connects to the SSL server the client s developer needs to do a few configura tion steps before it can communicate with a server over SSL With this brief introduction let s get down to the details of each step a programmatic Java client follows when connecting to a server Client Configuration Although developing a secured socket connection isn t signifi cantly different from conventional socket connection program ming understanding the underlying message exchange is valuable in troubleshooting any issues that may arise total output contro As described above the asymmetric key cryptography PKI requires that both parties involved in data exchange send each other their public keys So for a programmatic client to com municate with a server the private public key pair has to be generated and made available to the client program at runtime Like a browser the programmatic client s private public key pair is derived from the server s certificates However since the server certificate is sent only when the client connects to the server the client needs to get the server certificate by other means before initiating a SSL connection There are a couple of ways a client can access the server certificate A quick and easy way is to use the browser s
176. trademarks or registered trademarks of Jinfonet Software Inc Crystal Reports is a trademark or registered trademark of Business Objects SA All other marks mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners LO ENTERPRISE A 32 May 2005 CND logs in and then proceeds to browse through the information pages that are cached and served from the edge server After 20 minutes of browsing like this if she visits a personalized page she d be challenged again This counter intuitive behavior happens because while the user was surfing cached pages none of her requests reached the origin server and her session expired due to inactivity There are two possible workarounds for this issue The first one requires using If Modified Send IMS queries in conjunction with Page Caching If the Time To Live for all pages is set to zero they d still be cached However before sending each one to the user the edge server will send an IMS query back to the origin site These que ries convey HTTP request information and maintain time sensitive sessions while users are browsing cached pages But this comes at the price of signifi cantly increasing the load on the origin servers The site should be able to pro cess IMS messages and determine when to actually expire pages This approach will diminish user performance even in the case of a cache hit because the edge servers will have to wait for the origin server
177. uct line elegantly shoe horned into the workbench This seems to be less prevalent where everyone from mom and pop to the big guns of software were demonstrating products that had a very high degree of fit and finish with respect to the platform and its integration API Eclipse In 2004 there was a buzz around the ideas behind the Rich Client Platform RCP this year these were being demonstrated as a very real and work ing technology The RCP s idea is that folks building tools for Eclipse should not be the only ones to benefit from its plug in architecture and develop ers of end user applications in any domain can enjoy its concepts such as window management UI frameworks and having an update manager RCP is an odd framework because on first inspection it doesn t really add any thing to Eclipse instead it allows for all vestiges of IDE like features to be removed so the workbench becomes stripped down to its bare bones What is impressive with RCP is that this idea has not only worked technically but has become an execution reality with projects such as NASA s Mars rover mission which is planning on using it The RCP team has also extended the plug in development environ ment PDE to include specific wizards to help build RCP while the Visual Editor s SWT GUI builder supports creating RCP views RCP often reminds me of the Internet where a relatively simple idea is ready at the right time free to use and can have
178. uctivity gains for Java developers building and deploying applications President and CEO Fuat Kircaali fuat sys con com Vice President Business Development Grisha Davida grisha sys con com Group Publisher Jeremy Geelan jeremy sys con com Advertising Senior Vice President Sales and Marketing Carmen Gonzalez carmen sys con com Vice President Sales and Marketing Miles Silverman miles sys con com Advertising Sales Director Robyn Forma robyn sys con com National Sales and Marketing Manager Dennis Leavey dennis sys con com Advertising Sales Managers Megan Mussa megan sys con com Kristin Kuhnle kristin sys con com Associate Sales Managers Dorothy Gil dorothy sys con com Kim Hughes kim sys con com Editorial Executive Editor Nancy Valentine nancy sys con com Associate Editor Seta Papazian seta sys con com Production Production Consultant Jim Morgan jim sys con com Lead Designer Tami Lima tami sys con com Art Director Alex Botero alex sys con com Associate Art Directors Abraham Addo abraham sys con com Louis F Cuffari louis sys con com Assistant Art Director Andrea Boden andrea sys con com Video Production Frank Moricco frank sys con com Web Services Information Systems Consultant Robert Diamond robert sys con com Web Designers Stephen Kilmurray stephen sys con com Percy Yip percy sys con com Accounting Financial Analyst Joan LaRose joan sys con com Accounts Payable Betty White betty
179. with generational garbage collection published on java world com The chart presents the running time of each collection performed by the GC during the application life cycle This chart was generated with the following command line and OpenOffice org java verbose gc Xms64m Xmx128m XX NewRatio 2 XX UseConcMarkSweepGC jar lib jext 5 0 jar gt gclog gclog2csv py gclog gt gclog csv Although simple this small script can help you tune your application pretty quickly As of J2SE 5 0 Sun Microsystems provides a more powerful tool called JConsole that will graphi cally monitor the state of the heap and the activity of the GC as shown in Figure 3 Further Reading e Java HotSpot VM Options Sun Microsystems http java sun com docs hotspot VMOptions html e A Collection of JVM Options Joseph Mocker http blogs sun com roller resources watt jvm options list html e Pick up performance with generational garbage collec tion Ken Gottry http www javaworld com javaworld jw 01 2002 jw 0111 hotspotgc p4 html e Garbage Collection in the Java HotSpot Virtual Machine Tony Printezis http www devx com Java Article 21977 trk DXRSS_JAVA e Garbage Collection Performance Brian Goetz http www 106 ibm com developerworks java library j jtp01274 html e Using JConsole to Monitor Applications Mandy Chung http java sun com developer technicalArticles J2SE jconsole html www SYS CON com JD ie INCLUDES S a
180. www phoneomena com 352 373 3966 41 ReportingEngines www reportingengines com 888 884 8665 23 Software FX www softwarefx com 800 392 4278 Cover III WebAppCabaret www webappcabaret com jdj jsp 61 3 6226 6274 39 REGULAR HEWSSTAND PRIZE General Conditions The Publisher reserves the right to refuse any advertising not meeting the standards that are set to protect the high editorial quality of Java Developer s Journal All advertising is subject to approval by the Publisher The Publisher assumes no liability for any costs or damages incurred if for any reason the Publisher fails to publish an advertisement In no event shall the Publisher be liable for any costs or damages in excess of the cost of the advertisement as a result of a mistake in the advertisement or for any other reason The Advertiser is fully responsible for all financial liability and terms of the contract executed by the agents or agen cies who are acting on behalf of the Advertiser Conditions set in this document except the rates are subject to change by the Publisher without notice No conditions other than those set forth in this General Conditions Document shall be binding upon the Publisher Advertisers and their agencies are fully responsible for the content of their advertisements printed in Java Developer s Journal Advertisements are to be printed at the discretion of the Publisher This discretion includes the positioning of the advertisement except for pr
181. y of a JAX RPC server and can interoperate with other SOAP server side implementations Implementation Strategy Our implementation strategy involves three steps Configure a JMS resource adapter to work with your specific JMS provider or back end 2 Build a JMS application that accesses the JMS provider via the configured JMS resource adapter 3 Publish your JMS application as a JAX RPC based Web Service and start enjoying the benefits of SOA Figure 1 illustrates a typical application architectural diagram following this implementation strategy I will build the applica tion from the right bottom up in the diagram starting with Step 1 Then TIl move from right to left bottom up to complete the entire application which will be accessible as a Web Service How It Works Next I will use an example application to show you in detail how this implementation strategy works For demonstration purpose Pll use the J2EE 1 4 compliant server Oracle Containers for J2EE OC4J and Oracle JDeveloper as the basis for the code and configuration file listings lIl assume that the JMS provider is WebSphere MQSeries Application Scenario Example Our example application consists of a session bean and a mes sage driven bean MDB The session bean provides an interface for sending a message that contains a business service request to an MOQSeries queue that the MDB is listening to When the MDB gets the message it sends a reply message th

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