FuncLab: MATLAB receiver function analysis
Contents
1. Time sec 20 Trace Number Furthermore right clicking the waveform brings up a menu to start another GUI for visualizing the seismograms and radial receiver function change the record status and displays event and record information useful in determining the appropriate status of the record Figure 7 The record status is changed in the Status column of RecordMetadataDoubles and saved to Project mat when the Save Edits button is selected Updated November 11 2011 14 eoo Student Version Station TA 107A Event 2006 236 21 50 36 Seismograms File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help Mag 5 9 mb Close Dist 53 59 deg gis Depth 43 00 km 2000 4 1000 4 Venta pl ype A 1000 4 2000 4 1000 4 el ph 1000 4 iw ttv v 14 Radial RF 05 Automated trace editing be performed on a selected table Editing Auto Trace Edit Selected or the entire dataset Editing 4uto Trace Edit ALL The second criteria is a minimum fit or measure of uncertainty in the receiver function expected to be set in the USER9 SAC header eoo 8 0 0 eoo File EO View Export Add ons File View Export Add ons File View Export Add ons Manual Trace Edit 1 1 Manual Trace Edit Lo Manual Trace Edit Auto Trace Edit Selected Auto Trace Edit Selected S Trace Edit Selected Auto Trace Edit ALL Auto Trace2. directory containing files created HkMetadataStrings using CCP Stacking GUI Add on CCPGrid CCPData mat i MAT file for CCP data DepthAxis created after 1 D Ray Tracing MidPoints XX Bin 1 000360 040080 mat RayMatrix XX CCP bin containing stacked data Bin X BMNBMX RMNRMX mat Bin BootAxis subsequent CCP bins RRFBootMean GCCPDATA directory containing files created using GCCP Stacking GUI Add on RRFBootSigma TRFBootMean HKDATA directory containing files created using H k Stacking GUI Add on TRFBootSigma 3 zt 2 o x lt J08A 000360 040080 H k station analysis containing stacked data NET STA BMNBMX RMNRMX mat HkEventList K09A kAxis can have multiple stations RFPROJECT this is a generic name given for the purposes of illustration is the top directory name which the user specifies at the onset of a new project The RAWDATA directory contains all the data directories that a user imports into the project Notice that these are of the same structure as described in the previous section The Logfile txt is a text file that is used to store a log of all the processes run within FuncLab on a specific project It contains a description of the process parameters used and time stamps This Updated November 11 2011 N 0 is generated automatically and be useful when retrieving a record of
3. sample rate of the seismogram Updated November 11 2011 32 IDEP UNKNOWN type of dependent variable not necessary for our purposes although we assume it is a velocity seismogram DEPMIN 1 740033e 02 minimum amplitude in seismogram DEPMAX 1 473583e 02 maximum amplitude in seismogram DEPMEN 8 144172e 01 mean amplitude in seismogram OMARKER 721 03 number of points in the time series TIMARKER 0 P arrival time and marker of predicted wave this needs to be set as your zero time for the seismograms KZDATE AUG 14 227 2008 origin date of earthquake KZTIME 00 18 41 200 origin time of earthquake IZTYPE BEGIN TIME defines the reference time for this file needs to be set to BEGIN TIME KSTNM G08A station code CMPAZ 0 000000e 00 component of motion azimuth needs to be 0 for vertical BAZ 180 for radial and radial RFs and BAZ 90 for transverse and transverse RFs CMPINC 0 000000e 00 component of motion inclination needs to be 0 for vertical and 90 for radial or transverse including RFs STLA 4 529040e 01 station latitude STLO 1 189595e 02 station longitude STEL 1 318000e 03 station elevation in meters STDP 0 000000e 00 station depth in meters EVLA 1 640000e 01 earthquake latitude EVLO 1 469000e 02 earthquake longitude EVEL 0 000000e 00 earthquake elevation in meters EVDP 5 300000e 04 earthquake depth in meters DIST 9 048033e 03
4. each of the files FuncLab imports 5 separate SAC files for a given calculated receiver function These include the vertical seismogram radial seismogram transverse seismogram radial receiver function and transverse receiver function It is preferred that all 5 files are time synched to the zero time of the receiver functions This makes plots in FuncLab make a lot more sense and prevents issues when interpreting the time axis Naming of the SAC files is an important first step All SAC files have a naming convention as follows STA 2 5 1 7 where STA is the station name 2 5 represents the Gaussian lowpass filter or any type of lowpass filter used i means that we used iterative deconvolution to calculate the receiver function and 2 is the seismogram component of motion The station name and the extension are the most important items of the name The extensions define the type of file as follows Z vertical seismogram I radial seismogram t transverse seismogram eqr radial receiver function eqt transverse receiver function The SAC header definitions and descriptions for the seismograms are below NPTS 4401 number of points in seismogram 1 000000 01 beginning time of seismogram E 1 000000e 02 end time of seismogram IFTYPE TIME SERIES FILE defines the type of file LEVEN TRUE defines the sampling of the seismogram as even this is a MUST DELTA 2 500000e 02
5. of the records in the selected table in the left hand panel The Trace Editing GUI displays the receiver functions as wiggle traces with time increasing down the y axis and each record one unit wide across the x axis The scrollbar at the bottom allows the user to scan through records in the table to display them in the window The record status is changed in the Status column of RecordMetadataDoubles and saved to Project mat at the end of the trace editing session Each record has a checkbox above it which is used to select the status of the record check means on and no check means off ability to change a record s status allows the user to specify good records that will be used in future analyses i e stacking and visualization processes and ignore bad records Records with status off remain part of the dataset and not deleted from the project The color of the wiggle traces is another indicator of the record s status New data that have not yet been evaluated through the Trace Editor are colored red whereas data that has been looked at in the GUI before are colored blue records with status off are shaded gray eoc File View Export Add ons MT Manual Trace Edit 5 Auto Trace Edit Selected TA 107A 214 Auto Trace Edit ALL m BK Trace Edit Import g MMODORMODMMM Student Version Receiver Function Trace Editing GUI BK Trace Editing Preferences
6. www iris edu software sac manual html It can read and handle SAC files that are either little endian or big endian byte order automatically It also requires a specific directory structure for the seismic data import and the creation of a new FuncLab project next section This directory structure originated from the output of publicly available data download using the Standing Order for Data SOD program http www seis sc edu sod The choice of pre processing methods to obtain receiver functions is independent of FuncLab and is left up to the user Our choice of deconvolution schemes is an iterative deconvolution receiver function code written by Charles Ammon at Penn State University http eqseis geosc psu edu cammon HTML RftnDocs rftn01 html FuncLab is thus written assuming that the receiver function output will be similar to that for this iterative deconvolution package The link to download this code is also posted on the FuncLab website Also posted are some generic C shell scripts used to run the preprocessing of data in this directory structure and output filenames appropriately to help ensure that receiver functions are produced in a way in which FuncLab can read them We also note that the EarthScope Automated Receiver Survey EARS data product http ears iris washington edu should be able to provide receiver functions that can be used in FuncLab For a more complete description of SAC file formats and header descriptio
7. Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 BK ALL 05 to Users keagar research HLP RFs New 4 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA BK ALL 05 5 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 BK ALL 06 to Users keagar research HLP RFs New 6 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA BK ALL 06 7 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 BK ALL 07 to Users keagar research HLP RFs New 8 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA BK ALL 07 9 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 BK ALL 07 a to Users Keagar research HLP RFs Ne 10 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users kea BK RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA BK ALL C 11 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 BK ALL 08 to Users keagar research HLP_RFs Nev 12 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA BK ALL C 13 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP s data 0 6 ALL 04 to Users keagar research HLP_RFs Ne 14 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA CC ALL 15 Copied Data Directory Users Keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 CC ALL 05 to Users keagar research HLP RFs Ne 16 Imported Data To Station
8. in the frequency domain or the time domain The most common method is done in the frequency domain but requires water level stabilization to eliminate spectral holes that result from division by zero in the frequency domain Clayton and Wiggins 1976 Although the algorithm is computationally fast it has the disadvantage of requiring the user to manually search for the optimal water level while trying to minimize the loss of spectral information Side lobes on Pds arrivals are also an adverse consequence of spectral leakage from this regularization method An alternative frequency domain method is the multi taper method which reduces the loss of spectral information but requires greater computation Park and Levin 2000 Time domain methods include Updated November 11 2011 5 matrix inversions e g Abers et al 1995 Gurrola et al 1995 Sheehan et al 1995 which also require regularization in the form of damping parameters and the iterative deconvolution method of Ligorria and Ammon 1999 which is more appropriately characterized as a predictive convolution that produces truly causal signals with no loss of spectral information 3 2 Receiver Function Format and Preparation In order for FuncLab to function in a more general sense with publicly available data certain choices were necessary regarding data formats and directory structures The current version is only capable of importing seismic data that is in the SAC format http
9. the different runs for each process Project mat is MATLAB formatted data file that contains all the MATLAB variables used to reference the raw seismic data and metadata within a project It is essentially the key database of the project There are also variables contained in Project mat that are used to communicate with the different GUIs of FuncLab and keep them talking to one another Other directories will be added under RFPROJECT once certain add on packages are initiated with a project These new directories are CCPDATA GCCPDATA and HKDATA Each of these contains MAT files storing variables created in MATLAB specific for the types of analyses performed For example the CCPDATA directory contains CCPData mat which stores variables that define the grid and ray tracing information for each receiver function used in the stacks It also contains a separate MAT file for each CCP bin e g Bin 1 000360 040080 mat that stores variables defining the CCP stack for that bin This is similar for GCCPDATA HKDATA directory contains a separate MAT file for each H x stack e g FI0A 000360 040080 mat The first and second set of numbers in the bin and stack files refers to the backazimuthal range and ray parameter range in the stacking respectively Updated November 11 2011 21 6 Model Building and Setup 6 1 Velocity Models FuncLab is currently only designed to handle 1D Earth models in a ve
10. volume The ModelP and ModelS variables define the P and S wave perturbations or velocities respectively at each point in the volume TomoType either defines the model as a perturbation model or a velocity model to handle differencing the volume from the 1D velocity model used in the ray tracing As with velocity models other tomography models can be built to be used in FuncLab These new models should be place under the funclab1 5 2 TOMOMODELS and have the extension mat Updated November 11 2011 22 7 Add on Packages These are special code packages that are optional with FuncLab running as the base For instance common conversion point CCP stacking of receiver functions to look at mantle discontinuities is a common approach Similarly stacking of receiver functions for examining Moho depth and crustal Vp Vs is another common analysis FuncLab includes add on packages for both of these analyses Although these add on packages are integrated with FuncLab it is also separate from the FuncLab main code This means that a core add on package does NOT have to be altered to change things associated with the CCP package Here we describe how to develop separate add on packages for additional receiver function processing There is a specific directory structure needed for an add on as well as a specific location relative to the FuncLab directories In funclab m the path of the funclab command is searched for That path sho
11. 2 108 124 Langston C A 1979 Structure under Mount Rainier Washington inferred from teleseismic body waves J Geophys Res 84 4749 4762 Ligorria J P and C J Ammon 1999 Iterative deconvolution and receiver function estimation Bull Seism Soc Am 89 1395 1400 Park J and V Levin 2000 Receiver functions from multiple taper spectral correlation estimates Bull Seism Soc Am 90 1507 1520 Sheehan A F G A Abers C H Jones and A L Lerner Lam 1995 Crustal thickness variations across the Colorado Rocky Mountains from teleseismic receiver functions J Geophys Res 100 20 391 20 404 Vinnik L P 1977 Detection of waves converted from P to SV in the mantle Phys Earth Planet Int 15 39 45 Updated November 11 2011 26 West J D M J Fouch J B Roth and L T Elkins Tanton 2009 Vertical Mantle Flow Associated with a Lithospheric Drip Beneath the Great Basin Nature Geoscience 2 439 444 Updated November 11 2011 27 APPENDIX LIST OF M FILES setup funclab m funclab m addons hk 1D raytracing m ccp assign m ccp binmap m ccp binstack m ccp bootstrap m ccp Callback m ccp corrections m ccp ex pp m ccp ex stacks m ccp fieldnames m ccp migration m ccp readamps m ccp record fields m ccp setup grid m ccp stacking m ccp m init ccp m ID raytracing m gccp assign m binmap m bins
12. Edit ALL Auto Trace Edit ALL Trace Edit Import Trace Edit Import WS TraceEditImport Trace Editing Preferences TA cr M Trace Editing Preferences Trace Editing Preferences 4 5 Viewing Data Plots and Visualizations A number of data plotting functions are located under the View menu in the main FuncLab GUI and are divided into three sections The top section displays plots related to the selected record in the center panel Options in the middle section display plots of active records in the selected table in the left hand panel The bottom section includes visualizations that involve active and inactive records within the dataset jeoo File Editing Export Add ons Seismograms Record Section Stacked Records RF Moveout Record Section RF Moveout Image RF Backazimuth Record Section RF Backazimuth Image Station Tat Dataset Statistics Station Map Global Event Map Ray Parameter Backazimuth Diagram The Seismograms Record Section and Stacked Records items plot the vertical radial and transverse seismograms and radial and transverse receiver functions Note that the record section plot is more effective when switching to Event Tables and highlighting Updated November 11 2011 15 event rather than a particular station A quick method of QC and trace editing your data maybe to look at these plots by event then by right clicking the e
13. Event Tables in the drop down menu Other options in the drop down menu become available when using add on analysis tools discussed below File Editing View Export Add ons File Editing View Export Add ons v Station Tables Records Listed by Statior BK HUMO Events 1597 m Message Event Tables loaded into workspace Updated November 11 2011 11 The user can also view records organized by event origin by selecting the Event Tables in the drop down menu Other options in the drop down menu become available when using add on analysis tools discussed below The File menu contains options that control FuncLab and projects as a whole such as starting or loading projects adding data and changing preferences New data be added to an existing project by selecting File Add Data from the top menu eoo Editing View Export Add ons About FuncLab Load Project Add Data FuncLab Preferences Log File FuncLab preferences control certain aspects of all the plotting functions such as time axis parameters backazimuth and ray parameter axis parameters and mapping parameters These are accessed through the File FuncLab Preferences menu item Adjustments of map boundaries and axis settings from the defaults are likely required depending on the imaging target of the receiver function study lt Student Version gt FuncLab Preferences Revert to De
14. FuncLab MATLAB receiver function analysis toolbox Version 1 5 2 Author Kevin C Eagar User Manual Email funclab geophysics asu edu Contents 1 ABOUT FUNCLAB 2 DOWNLOAD AND SETUP 3 RECEIVER FUNCTION OVERVIEW PREPARATION AND DATA DIRECTORY STRUCTURE 3 1 RECEIVER FUNCTION OVERVIEW 3 2 RECEIVER FUNCTION FORMAT AND PREPARATION 3 3 RECEIVER FUNCTION RAW DATA DIRECTORY STRUCTURE 4 GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 4 1 STARTING A NEW PROJECT 4 2 LOADING AN EXISTING PROJECT 4 3 PROJECT MAT FILE AND FUNCLAB VARIABLES 4 4 MAIN FUNCLAB GUI 4 5 TRACE EDITING 4 6 VIEWING DATA PLOTS AND VISUALIZATIONS 5 PROJECT DIRECTORY STRUCTURE AND DESCRIPTION 6 MODEL BUILDING AND SETUP 6 1 VELOCITY MODELS 6 2 TOMOGRAPHY MODELS 7 ADD ON PACKAGES APPENDIX A LIST OF M FILES APPENDIX B WEBSITE REFERENCES APPENDIX C DESCRIPTION OF SAC FILES Updated November 11 2011 2 1 About FuncLab FuncLab comprises a set of tools built within the MATLAB environment to analyze receiver functions Eagar and Fouch 2011 Receiver functions are seismic time series computed by deconvolving the radial from the vertical seismogram to isolate the Earth s radial S wave response While P to S conversions arrive later relative to the P wave S to P conversions arrive earlier relative to the S wave Both mode conversions can be utilized in receiver functions for different purposes In this first release of FuncLab tools are available for P to S receiver function
15. X X Hu and L R Sykes 1995 Source scaling of earthquakes in the Shumagin region Alaska time domain inversion of regional waveforms Geophys J Int 123 41 58 doi 10 1111 1365 1246 1995 1506660 Bostock M G 1996 Ps conversions from the upper mantle transition zone beneath the Canadian landmass J Geophys Res 101 8393 8402 Clayton R W and R A Wiggins 1976 Source shape estimation and deconvolution of teleseismic body waves Geophys J R Astron Soc 47 151 177 Dziewonski A M and D L Anderson 1981 Preliminary reference Earth model Phys Earth Planet Int 25 297 356 Gurrola H G E Baker and J B Minster 1995 Simultaneous time domain deconvolution with application to the computation of receiver functions Geophys J Int 120 537 543 doi 10 1111 j 1365 1246X 1995 tb01837 x Eagar K C and M J Fouch 2011 FuncLab A MATLAB interactive toolbox for handling receiver function datasets Seis Res Lett in press Eagar K C M J Fouch and D E James 2010 Receiver function imaging of upper mantle complexity beneath the Pacific Northwest United States Earth Planet Sci Lett 297 141 153 Kennett B L N and E R Engdahl 1991 Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification Geophys J Int 105 429 465 Kennett B L N Engdahl E R and R Buland 1995 Constraints on seismic velocities in the Earth from travel times Geophys J Int 12
16. air Updated November 11 2011 4 Graphical User Interface To begin the user invokes the main FuncLab GUI using the funclab command in MATLAB From this interface the user may start a new project or load an existing one Student Version FuncLab 1 5 File Editing View Export Add ons Welcome to FuncLab Start a new project File gt New Project or load an existing project File gt Load Project 4 1 Starting a new project To begin by starting a new project where the data has already been pre processed outside of FuncLab select File New Project from the top menu eoc 41 3 Editing View Export Add ons About FuncLab New Project Load Project FuncLab Preferences Exit FuncLab The New FuncLab Project Setup interface will appear From here the user will first determine the directory for the new project This directory must not exist as FuncLab will create and populate it with the necessary files and sub directories for the project Up to 10 separate data directories formatted in the required structure as discussed above can be imported at the initiation of the project The user may either enter these directories Updated November 11 2011 8 manually in the specified boxes or browse for these directories on the computer After entering as many data directories as the user wishes to import for this project up to 10 but more can be added once the project is created the user hits the St
17. analysis We note that S to P receiver function analysis could be incorporated via a community developed add on These tools were developed on the Mac OS X platform beginning in 2006 with MATLAB 7 1 0 21 R14 student version Most of the developed tools were created to be compatible with this version but were not tested to be backwards compatible with earlier versions of MATLAB Figure dimensions may also vary from platform to platform but reflect development on Red Hat Linux 5 3 running MATLAB 7 9 0 R2009b Testing has also been conducted on Mac OS X 10 6 7 running MATLAB 7 10 0 R2010a without problems There are some tools that are used within the toolkit that were not originally developed with FuncLab but are borrowed from free open source forums on the web They are 1 ignoreNaN m used to handle NaN values within matrices 2 makeColorMap m used to adjust color maps in figures 3 mmpolar m creates a polar plot of ray parameter vs backazimuth Updated November 11 2011 3 2 Download and Setup This section introduces the step by step instructions for downloading and setting up the M files in the FuncLab package for your MATLAB session For the purposes of this manual UNIX and MATLAB command line inputs are typed in courier font file names and MATLAB variables are in italics and directory names are bolded The FuncLab website which includes the source code a quick start guide this manual sample datasets and links to need
18. and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA CC ALL 17 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 CC ALL 06 to Users keagar research HLP_RFs Ne 18 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA CC ALL 19 Copied Data Directory Users Keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 CC ALL 07 to Users keagar research HLP RFs Ne 20 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA CC ALL 04 30 2011 09 15 31 Created and Saved New Trace Editing Preferences 04 30 2011 17 33 43 Add Data to FuncLab Project 1 Moved Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 XC ALL 06 to Users keagar research HLP RFs New Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users Keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA XC ALL 06 Moved Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 XC ALL 07 to Users keagar research HLP_RFs New_ Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA XC ALL 07 Moved Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 XC ALL 07 ato Users keagar research HLP RFs Ne Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users Keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA XC ALL 07 Moved Data Directory Users keagar research HLP RFs data 0 6 XC ALL 08 to Users keagar research HLP RFs New B Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Us
19. andles to your add on GUI This is essential to connecting the core package with the add on This callback function must be named add on Callback m and must be in the add on directory As before replace add on with its proper name In the CCP example it is called Callback m It must contain 4 lines of code as follows function ccp Callback cbo eventdata handles h guidata gcbf Project getCh project_t string Updated November 11 2011 23 ccpCh Replace ccp Callback with the name of the new callback function and replace ccp h with the m file that begins the add on GUI The input h is the FuncLab GUI handles that MUST pass to the Add on GUI for things to work properly The final step is to create this m file that calls the Add on GUI It can have any structure The only difference is that when you want to use handles that are associated with the main FuncLab GUI you must refer to them in the input structure array This 18 clearer using the examples provided with this manual The CCP GUI contains editable parameters on the left hand side and functional pushbuttons for data processing on the right hand side 1 D ray tracing creates the RayMatrix XX and MidPoints XX matrices that store the ray coordinates at each depth increment and half depth increment respectively The XX is included in the matrix name to account for the possibility that more than one matrix may need to be generated since each matrix is allow
20. art button FuncLab at this point will create the new project directory with some sub directories copy the data directories into the project directory and populate the new Project mat file that will handle most of the metadata for interaction with the GUI amp File Editing View Export Add ons New FuncLab Project Setup IT AE Il E Ti __ Ea C eee zs m rms eo Ce 4 2 Loading an Existing Project If you are working from an existing FuncLab project you can load the data into FuncLab by select File Load Project from the top menu Updated November 11 2011 15 Editing View Export Add ons 0 0 Select Your Project File About FuncLab Filter keagat research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle maf New Project Load Project Directories Files FuncLab Preferences s New_PNW_Mantle Exit FuncLab s New PNW Mantle CCPDATA s New PNW Mantle GCCPDATA s New PNW Mantle RAWDATA Ei 12 Files of type MAT files mat Selection t research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle Project maf Open Filter Cancel Select the Project mat file that is contained one level into the existing Project directory and select Open The main FuncLab GUI will open with your project and you are ready to begin 4 3 Project mat File and FuncLab Variables FuncLab saves the metadata for each station earthquake pair of wave
21. ax 7212 Longitude Min 12 Depth Max km Depth Inc km E Migreton Bin Width km Bin Spacing km Assignment Backazimuth Min Backazimuth Max 360 Ray Parameter Min s km 7 0 04 Ray Parameter Max s km 0 06 Vertical Overlap bins Min Hits Per Bin 1d CCP Stacking 1D Velocity Model CAKIS6vel 00 Tomography Model NWUS PO9b i bmat 2 Close GUI is quite similar to the CCP GUI with only a few minor differences such as the choice of the Gaussian width parameter and weights which are Updated November 11 2011 24 stored in the RayMatrix XX variable In all other variables and functions is replaced with GCCP M files for this add on are found in the subdirectory addons gccp Algorithms for stacking are included in m files found in the subdirectory addons hk To perform a single station stack the user selects the Stack Single Station button All active records from the station selected from the station tables in the main FuncLab GUI will be stacked based on the parameters selected on the left hand side of the Stacking Analysis GUI Stacking or all stations will create the HkMetadataStrings and HkMetadataDoubles arrays to store metadata for each stack that will be saved to the Project mat file Several visualizations to aid the user in the analysis are included in the package Updated November 11 2011 25 References Abers G A
22. ay parameter bins and displays the amplitudes by a color scale eno Student Version i TA IO7A Receiver Functions 2 00 Student Vesons Receiver Functions tdi Insert Tool Desktop Window Vew Insert Tools Desktop Window 5 gt dd k S459982 Radial RF Transverse RF 49 20 Tas 10 wale Poor lo o5 0 07 004 005 7 Ray Parameter sec km Ray Parameter sec km RF Backazimuth Record Section and RF Backazimuth Image are similar except that records are displayed vs backazimuth Updated November 11 2011 17 eno Student Version i TALIOZA Receiver Functions studere Version TA 107A Racer View Insert Tools Desktop Window Tools Desktop Window gt h amp amp 599gZ a 0E ndu A Radial RF Transverse I Time sec ut TIMES EIE Z Rav Parameter sec km Ray Parameter sec km Event Eackazim uth deg Event Backazimuth dea The Dataset Statistics item is not a true plot or visualization but displays a textbox summarizing various statistics such as the number of total active records about the dataset Another data coverage visualization is the Ray Parameter Backazimuth Diag
23. distance in kilometers from station to earthquake Updated November 11 2011 33 AZ 4 540545 01 azimuth from earthquake to station BAZ 2 844766e 02 backazimuth from station to earthquake GCARC 8 138271 01 distance in degrees from station to earthquake LOVROK TRUE set to TRUE to overwrite the file USERO 2 500000e 00 Gaussian parameter used to compute iterative deconvolution RF see description of process below USERI 3 028038e 02 predicted P wave ray parameter in sec rad USERS 0 000000e 00 predefines the trace edit status this is OPTIONAL but set to 0 if it is bad or if it is good and you want to define it as an active RF USER 6 000000 01 fit or match of the predicted waveform from iterative deconvolution see description of process below NVHDR 6 header version number current version is 6 LPSPOL TRUE set to TRUE if component has positive polarity LCALDA TRUE set to TRUE if DIST AZ BAZ and GCARC are calculated from station earthquake coordinates KCMPNM BHZ component code should be set to BHZ for vertical BHR for radial and radial RFs and BHT for transverse and transverse RFs KNETWK TA network code MAG 5 500000e 00 earthquake body wave magnitude One note of caution the CMPINC specifications in the description assume that the seismograms have been rotated in the direction of the earthquake along the plane of the surface Rotations
24. ed external files is located at http geophysics asu edu funclab Download the latest release and untar it in the directory in which you would like to place the MATLAB M files For example tar xvf funclabl 5 2 tar The directory funclab1 5 2 contains the files needed to run all the functions within the FuncLab toolbox Appendix A contains a list of all the M files Note that data for mapping functions requires the Mapping Toolbox may be downloaded from outside data sources Links to these data and other relevant websites are provided in Appendix B of this manual and on the FuncLab website These data include DEM or topography such as ETOPOI ETOPO2v2c and GLOBE DEM as well as GSHHS coastline data I recommend placing these under funclab1 5 2 map data In order to use the FuncLab functions the user will need to add the paths to the files in the MATLAB session To perform this task the user must change to the main funclab directory and then run the setup funclab script cd funclabl 5 2 setup funclab The setup funclab script automatically adds all the directories to the search paths in MATLAB In addition this script checks for the Mapping and Signal Processing Toolboxes on the machine If these are installed certain functions will be available for use However if they are not installed some functions may not be available If the user has administrative rights on the machine running FuncLab they may choose to insert the full pat
25. ed to store up to 25 000 records to save memory in MATLAB Both variables are stored in the CCPData mat MAT file under the created subdirectory in the project directory CCP The correction for 3 D heterogeneity is an optional step and requires the user to choose a tomography model which can be defined or imported by the user as explained in the user manual The MidPoint matrix will be populated with timing corrections as described in Eagar et al 2010 and are stored in the TimeCorrections XX matrix also saved to CCPData mat Time to depth conversion saves receiver function amplitudes RayMatrix that are now associated with each ray coordinate and depth increment Each CCP bin saved in the CCPGrid matrix 1s assigned the amplitudes associated with it at each depth increment CCP stacking results in the creation of two new arrays to store the CCP metadata CCPMetadataStrings and CCPMetadataDoubles which are saved to the Project mat file The stacking function also adds a row to the Tablemenu variable in the Project mat file to control the drop down menu in the main FuncLab GUI and allow the user to view records of CCP bins in the same manner as receiver function records emo Student Version CCP Stacking Export Plotting Analysis CCP Parameters CCP Processes Bootstrap Resamples Bootstrap Percentage 15C 1D Ray Tracing Latitude Max a Latitude Min 3D Heterogeneity Corrections Longitude M
26. ers keagar research HLP RFs New PNW Mantle RAWDATA XC ALL 0 04 30 2011 18 55 50 Saved New Trace Editing Preferences 04 30 2011 19 30 33 Saved New FuncLab Preferences 04 30 2011 19 32 04 Saved New FuncLab Preferences 05 01 2011 06 26 22 Manual Trace Editing TA BO5A 05 01 2011 06 31 44 Manual Trace Editing XC IDOO1 05 01 2011 06 35 11 Manual Trace Editing 10002 05 01 2011 06 36 03 Saved New Trace Editing Preferences 05 07 2011 17 57 11 Manual Trace Fditina XC OR1N9 ox 4 4 Trace Editing From the main FuncLab GUI the Trace Editor can be accessed through the Editing menu which contains options for manual and automated trace editing The first step that should be performed is setting the trace editing preferences These can be accessed through Editing Trace Editing Preferences These control aspects of the GUI display such as receiver function component radial or transverse time axis parameters gain number of receiver functions in the view and sample rate for resampling Other preferences such as the maximum amplitude and the minimum receiver function fit can be specified as control parameters in automated trace editing ca View Export Add ons Aino Trace Edit TA Auto Trace Edit ALL Trace Edit Import TA LES Trace Editing Preferences TA Updated November 11 2011 13 Opening the Manual Trace Edit GUI will read in the receiver function SAC files
27. faults Time axis increment 10 Ray Parameter axis increment 0 01 Backazimuth axis increment 45 Begin Time 0 90 Time series resample rate 0 5 Phase arrivals P35s P35pPs P35sPs 1 D Velocity Model AK135 vel Maps Locations All 2 Station Map Projection mercator Event Map Projection eqdazim Maps Background Coastlines low res Station Map North Latitude 46 Station Map South Latitude 40 Station Map West Longitude 123 Station Map East Longitude 113 Event Map Center Latitude 43 Event Map Center Longitude 119 Save Cancel Updated November 11 2011 12 A log file keeps information about each process performed on the dataset log file can be viewed from the main FuncLab GUI using the menu File Log File This is a text file that is initiated when the project is first created Dates and times of processes are logged as well as the name of the process and certain preferences set to run the process This is not editable in the GUI and is intended for user guidance eoo Student Version FuncLab Log File Project Directory One RFs New_PNW_Mantle Created 04 30 2011 09 15 Last Updated 06 16 2011 49 11 09 15 31 Initiated Project 1 Copied Data Directory Users keagar research HLP_RFs data_0 6 BK_ALL_04 to Users keagar research HLP_RFs New 2 Imported Data To Station and Event Tables Users keagar research HLP_RFs New_PNW_Mantle RAWDATA BK_ALL_04 3 Copied Data
28. form files in the Project nat MAT file Metadata for the records are organized into a cell array variable called RecordMetadataStrings and a double array variable called RecordMetadataDoubles where each column contains different information such as station name event origin time waveform sample rate etc 4 3 Main FuncLab GUI The main FuncLab GUI allows the user to interact with the entire dataset The GUI includes four top menus File Editing View and Add ons A drop down menu in the top left defines the manner in which receiver function metadata is organized for visualization in the GUI we refer to these as tables although this is not a formal relational database system Records common to a particular station are viewed in Station Tables The stations are then listed and selectable in the left hand panel Below this panel is listed the total number of tables displayed The records within the Station Table are listed by the event origin time in the center panel The total number of records and number of active records are listed below the panel Information or metadata about the selected record in the center panel are then listed in the right hand panel These include station and event information time series information and the path of the SAC files for the record Updated November 11 2011 10 Record Information Events 678 Active 108 The user can also view the records organized by event origin by selecting the
29. hname of the setup funclab script to the startup m file located under the MATLAB application directory See MATLAB documentation for startup m for specifics see http www mathworks com help techdoc ref startup html This will then enable setup funclab to run automatically at the start of MATLAB FuncLab is now ready to be used on your machine Updated November 11 2011 4 3 Receiver Function Overview Preparation and Raw Data Directory Structure 3 1 Receiver Function Overview P to S converted waves Pds that arrive directly after the P wave provide information about velocity and density discontinuities in the Earth below seismic stations These phases may be investigated directly on the horizontal components if the recorded earthquakes have simple impulsive source time functions However many earthquake source wavelets are complicated and generally unknown Since the Pds arrivals lie within the coda of the P wave and have amplitudes an order of magnitude smaller stacking many records together to enhance the signal to noise ratio is necessary Both Langston 1979 and Vinnik 1977 recognized the need for an approach to compare converted phases from events with different source signals and developed similar methods for isolating the SV from the P wave signal and removing the influence of the source signal from the seismograms The receiver function therefore represents the Earth s impulse response containing time and amplitude informa
30. into true radial and transverse along the back projected ray path will have a different inclination The iterative deconvolution code computes a receiver function by first performing a cross correlation on the vertical and radial seismogram Then based on the lag time convolves a spike train that represents that lag time with a Gaussian function The Gaussian parameter determines the width of the Gaussian wavelet and essentially acts as a low pass filter for the receiver function After the first pulse is generated on the predicted receiver function the receiver function is convolved with the vertical seismogram to get a predicted radial seismogram The difference between the predicted Updated November 11 2011 34 radial and the data is then computed to get a residual As long as the residual is greater than a given threshold the process continues The first pulse is stripped and the next pulse is generated again by the process of cross correlation convolution with a Gaussian wavelet to produce a predicted receiver function and convolution of the receiver function with the vertical seismogram More details can be found in Ligorria and Ammon 1999 Updated November 11 2011 35
31. lysis Code SAC http www iris edu software sac manual html Standing Order for Data SOD http www seis sc edu sod Receiver Function Codes Charles Ammon Penn State http eqseis geosc psu edu cammon HTML RftnDocs thecodes01 html Generic Mapping Tools GMT http www soest hawaii edu gmt Earthscope Automated Receiver Survey EARS http ears iris washington edu MATLAB Mapping Data Coastlines gshhs 2 1 1 http www ngdc noaa gov mgg shorelines data gshhs version2 1 1 gshhs Topography 1 DEM ETOPOI c 12 Ice Surface http www ngdc noaa gov mgg global relief ETOPO l data ice surface ce ll registered binary etopol ice i2 zip ETOPOI bed c 12 Bedrock Surface http www ngdc noaa gov mgg global relief ETOPO data bedrock cell r egistered binary etopol bed c 12 21 2 arc minute DEM ETOPO2v2c i2 MSB http www ngdc noaa gov mgg global relief ETOPO2 ETOPO2v2 2006 ETOPO2v2c raw binary ETOPO2v2c i2 MSB zip 30 arc second 1 km grid DEM GLOBE DEM http www ngdc noaa gov mgg topo DATA TILES elev alll0g zip Updated November 11 2011 31 APPENDIX DESCRIPTION OF SAC FILES SAC files for the receiver functions and seismograms may be produced in a variety of ways but regardless of the method of preprocessing some important formatting standards must be followed This appendix describes the format and headers needed in
32. ns see Appendix C 3 3 Receiver Function Raw Data Directory Structure The raw data directories should be structured in the follow manner Updated November 11 2011 6 RFDATA top directory containing dataset no naming restriction can have multiple datasets in a project 2006 319 11 14 13 event directory Event_YYYY_JJJ_HH_MM_SS TA_J08A_0 6 i eqr radial receiver function file NET STA GAUSSIAN i eqr TA J08A 9O 6 i eqt transverse receiver function file NET STA GAUSSIAN i eqt TA J08A O 6 i r radial seismogram file NET STA GAUSSIAN i r TA J08A 0 6 1 1 transverse seismogram file NET_STA_GAUSSIAN i t JO8A 0 6 1 2 vertical seismogram file NET STA GAUSSIAN i z TA K09A can have multiple stations stations must have set of 5 files g Event can have multiple event directories Receiver function files begin with the station name code contains the Gaussian parameter used to compute the receiver function and ends with i eqgr radial or i eqt transverse Files for both the radial and transverse receiver functions must be included for completeness Also it is helpful to include the radial transverse and vertical seismograms to exploit some of the seismogram viewing features within the FuncLab toolbox five files are required for a single event station p
33. ram which plots these metadata on a polar plot Finally two map options a Station Map and a Global Event Map are available if the MATLAB Mapping Toolbox is installed aoa Student Version Data Coverage File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help h 3099 3 00 Updated November 11 2011 18 5 Project Directory Structure and Description A FuncLab project defines an entire dataset to be analyzed It can contain multiple data directories as defined in section 3 A project directory contains all the raw data used by FuncLab as well as files and directories it creates when a user initiates a new project A new project is created within the FuncLab GUI by importing at least one data directory of the structure defined in section 3 The following shows the structure of the automatically generated project directory Updated November 11 2011 19 FUNCLAB_PROJECT top directory containing project files no naming restriction Datastats Tablemenu RAWDATA RecordMetadataStrings RFDATA directory containing imported data as described in Figure 4 2 RecordMetadataDoubles FuncLabPreferences Project mat TraceEditPreferences project file containing metadata and FuncLab organization variables CCPMetadataDoubles CCPMetadataStrings Logfile txt text file containing log of processes performed on project GCCPMetadataDoubles GCCPMetadataStrings CCPDATA HkMetadataDoubles
34. ry simple way This version of the package contains three commonly used 1D models PREM Dziewonski and Anderson 1981 IASP91 Kennett and Engdahl 1991 and AK135 Kennet et al 1995 These are contained under the funclab1 5 1 VELMODELS directory within the text files PREM vel IASP91 vel and AK135 vel respectively Each contains three columns where column 1 is depth column 2 is Vp and column 3 is Vs Each row represents a new depth shell beginning at the depth defined in column 1 Other models can easily be built to use in FuncLab In order for FuncLab to recognize these however it is necessary to place the new velocity models in text files under the funclab1 5 2 VELMODELS directory and with the extension ve 6 2 Tomography Models Certain analysis packages such as CCP and GCCP stacking can utilize seismic tomography models for timing corrections with receiver function time to depth conversions or migrations This version of FuncLab is distributed with a P wave tomography model of the Pacific Northwest published in West et al 2009 and used for CCP stacking analysis in Eagar et al 2010 It is placed under the funclab1 5 2 TOMOMODELS directory in the MAT file NWUS P09b 1 2 mat This file stores 6 variables used to define the model Depths Lons Lats ModelP ModelS and first 5 are 3x3 matrices where the first second and third dimensions define x y and z longitudes latitudes and depth of the 3D
35. tack m bootstrap m Callback m corrections m gccp ex pp m ex volume m fieldnames m gccp migration m gccp readamps m record fields m setup grid m stacking m gccp m init gccp m Updated November 11 2011 28 hk allstack m hk Callback m hk ex grids m hk ex solutions m hk record fields m hk singlestack m hk view baz image m hk view hkgrid m hk view moveout image m hk view stacked records m hk m init hk m custom flab errordlg kce m movegul kce m questdlg kce m uigetdir kce m uigetfile kce m fl add data gui m fl add new data m fl datainfo m fl datastats gui m fl default prefs m fl edit logfile m fl init logfile m fl log gui m fl pref fieldnames m fl preferences gui m fl readseismograms m fl record fields m fl traceedit gui m fl view baz image m fl view baz m fl view data coverage m fl view event map m fl view moveout image m fl view moveout m fl view record section m fl view record m fl view stacked records m fl view station map m te default prefs m te pref fieldnames m te preferences gui m te view record m Updated November 11 2011 29 map utilites azimuth m deg2km m deg2rad m gg2gc m km2deg m latlon from m rad2deg m utilities colvector m ignoreNaN m makeColorMap m mmpolar m skm2srad m srad2skm m Updated November 11 2011 30 APPENDIX WEBSITE REFERENCES Seismic Ana
36. tion that is sensitive to the local earth structure beneath a station We refer the reader to Langston 1979 and Vinnik 1977 for further details on method theory and development There are several choices in source normalization procedures to isolate the SV energy including the choices of coordinate system and deconvolution method Regarding the choice of the coordinate system Langston 1979 rotated the horizontal component seismograms along the free surface to point in the radial and tangential directions from the backazimuth of the earthquake ZRT coordinate system Vinnik 1977 performed a more complete rotation to the LQR coordinate system where the radial component includes the raypath of the incident wave in the radial direction assuming a slowness vector from a 1 D Earth model Bostock 1996 improved on the method of Vinnik 1977 by maximizing the SV wave energy using slowness as a function of time from the radial and vertical components covariance matrix over a given time window Although these successively improve upon each other it is still difficult to achieve full P SV wavefield separation and all methods represent an approximation For the purposes of most imaging however this approximation is acceptable as the signal of the Pds is visible with any of these rotation choices The second choice in source normalization involves the deconvolution method of the source from the seismograms Deconvolution can either be performed
37. uld be the same path that the flab directory is housed This is the directory that contains the entire core FuncLab code Place the add on directory in the addons subdirectory For example the directory contains all the codes for the CCP add on add on code must be in a single subdirectory FuncLab will not recognize any subdirectories beneath the main one such as addons gt ccp gt working As a point of organization FuncLab includes m files with the prefix of the add on directory e g assign m The next component is an m file under this add on directory called init onj m Replace add on with the name of the add on In the CCP add on case it would be called init ccp m This file need only contain 1 line that looks like this uimenuCMAddons Label Comnon Conversion Point Stacking Tag ccp m Enable off Callback f8ccp Callback The string after Label is the name to be listed under the Add ons toolbar in the main FuncLab GUI should just be a unique name In FuncLab the add on name is a prefix and the letter m which stands for main Enable should ALWAYS be off Enable is turned on eventually but must be initialized as off The Callback is followed by add on _ Callback and is important This refers to a function or m file by the same name This brings us to the third required component a callback function that transfers the FuncLab GUI h
38. vent table you can select either Turn On or Turn Off to edit all records in that event eoo Student Version Station TA I07A Event 2007 197 01 13 22 Seismograms File Edit View Insert Tools 2000 4 Vertical 24 2000 4 4000 4 10004 244 Radial diis cl 94 0 02 Transverse RF 94 0 024 Desktop Window Station TA I07A Event 2007 197 01 13 22 vA MM Pen IND eoo Time s Student Version 2007 076 22 43 09 Record Section File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help Vertical Record Section 2007 076 22 43 09 Radial Transverse Radial RFs TM nu ali MN GNI T i M Transverse RFs Time sec Updated November 11 2011 Time sec Time sec Time sec Time sec 16 8 0 0 Student Version TA 07A Stacked Records File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help 107 Rad Trans Rad RFs Trans RFs The RF Moveout Record Section item plots receiver function wiggle traces of active records vs ray parameter and the RF Moveout Image plot the vertical radial and transverse seismograms and radial and transverse receiver functions The RF Moveout Record Section item plots receiver function wiggle traces of active records vs ray parameter and the RF Moveout Image stacks records into r
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