Model 701923 PBD2000 Differential Probe User`s Manual
Contents
1. CAUTION The probe head has undergone a precision assembly process Take sufficient care when handling the probe as sudden changes in ambient temperature and physical shocks can damage it Do not inadvertently twist or pull the cable The wires inside the cable can break causing malfunction Avoid vibration shock and static electricity during shipping and handling Take extra care not to drop the probe Avoid storing or using the probe in direct sunlight or in areas with high temperature humidity or condensation Deformation and deterioration of insulation can occur resulting in failure to retain product specifications Inspect the probe before use to ensure that damage has not occurred during shipping and storing If damage is found contact your nearest Yokogawa dealer or sales representative This probe is not water or dust resistant Do not use the probe in areas with a lot of dust or near water IM 701923 01E Contents POC WONG PAA AA AA APA PATABA i Checking the Contents of the Package eeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeenneeeees ii Safety Symbols and Precautions ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaeees iii Safety Precautions kaaa paa Apa iv Product OVGIMIGW sis aaa nG haul tease vad 1 PASS aaa titel wile tale ttn Bs en et aed te tect Pad ur nee eet 1 Names of Pahamak a oats 2 Operating Procedure Snin a ANA Gaan 3 Product Specifications aman LANA 5 IM 701923 01E v Product Overvi2. 7V Frequency MHz Use it within this range Vin 7V Plus side signal input terminal IM 701923 01E General Specifications Power range Standard power supply voltage of 5 V within 5 Interface The probe is supplied power from a dedicated terminal Connect the probe to a DL series instrument having a matching dedicated terminal Storage altitude 3 000 m or less Operating altitude 2 000 m or less Standard operating environment Temperature range 23 C 5 C Humidity range 55 10 RH Operating environment Temperature range 5 C to 40 C Humidity range gt 20 to 80 RH Storage environment Temperature range 20 to 60 C Humidity range 20 to 80 RH Calibration cycle 1 year Warm up time 30 minutes or more Total length Approximately 1 2 m Weight Approximately 80 g Standards Conformance EMC Emission Conforms to EN61326 Class A Immunity Conforms to EN61326 standards Effect of Immunity Environment noise increase within 2 V 6 1 Excluding residual offset voltage 2 Nondestructive maximum input voltage This is not the dynamic range of the probe 3 When 0 V are input to both the plus and minus side signal input terminals 4 Typical value represents a typical or average value It is not strictly guaranteed 5 No condensation 6 Test conditions Frequency bandwidth limit 20 MHz using a DL9000 series digital oscilloscope set for an input impedance of 50 Q and
3. as thick as possible to reduce inductance in the ground If it is simply not possible to connect a short wire you can insert a 50 100 _ resistor to dampen the resonance No 3 In this case the measurable frequency bandwidth is reduced by the resistance but you can approximate the original waveform more closely by suppressing the resonance effects of overshooting and ringing Also try securing the cable to the workbench with tape so that the bends in the cable do not change See the next page since high frequency signal components are as stated above affected by cable bending This may improve the repeatability of the observed waveform Ringing Comparison PBA2500 Peel off the solider resist then solider apin PBA2500 2 Microstrip line Microstrip line NN N Solder a pin in the GND thru hole GND thru hole No 1 No 2 No 3 App 4 IM 701923 01E Ringing Comparison When inductance is large and ringing can be seen Display OFF OW Pasition 1 00410 Coupling pcan Offset opu Band Width Ora 2 Rise C3 1 7000ns Eige DO F a teo y LGU goodi Coupling peann Probe Offset opu Band Width ruil Secure with tape or other means IM 701923 01E App 5
4. both plus and minus probe tip inputs connected terminated at 50 Q IM 701923 01E Appendix High Speed Waveform Measurement and Probing The speed of devices and electronic circuits incorporated into a variety of instruments including digital home electronics is increasing and the oscilloscopes and probes used to observe their signal waveforms are also faster and have wider bandwidths When the speed of the measured signal increases there are cases when correct measurements cannot be taken due to problems that have never occurred before especially in probing In this article offer some hints regarding the accurate probing of high speed signals Types of Voltage Probe A Voltage probes is a type of voltage sensor The ideal probe should be selected according to the signal s voltage output impedance frequency components and other factors Individual probes have their own particular pros and cons and since the input impedance resistance and capacitance and frequency can differ greatly depending on the type of probe it is essential to understand the characteristics of the available probes in order to obtain highly reliable measurements Below are three examples of probes generally used for measurements on high frequency circuits Passive Probes Passive probes with a 10 1 attenuation ratio are the most widely used due to their low cost ruggedness high withstand voltage and high input impedance at DC and low frequencies Yok
5. instrument in liquid nor use any detergents or abrasives Do not use any volatile solvents such as benzine Do not bring the probe near transformers circuits with large currents wireless devices or other objects emitting large electric and or magnetic fields Inaccurate measurement may result Operating Procedures Preparing for Measurement 1 Set up the probe and DL9000 series digital oscilloscope 2 Before measurement insert the probe interface completely into the input of the oscilloscope and confirm that the BNC connector and interface pin are securely fastened When inserting the interface you will hear a click as the latch closes indicating that the connection has been made IM 701923 01E o Handling the Attachments Example You can change attachments according to the circuit to be tested As in the figure below there is a hole for attaching the attachments to the tip of the probe head Plus side signal input terminal paa noninverted gg zazxrU Minus side 7 signal input terminal inverted There are straight and angle pins Select an attachment according to the circuit to be tested Since the impedance of the probe input is high the inductance from the probe head to the circuit under test has a large effect on measured results of high frequency signal components When measuring signals including frequency components of 100 MHz and higher in particular we recommend that you us
6. RC if the probe input capacitance is added When using a passive probe with an input capacitance of 14 pF fc equals 455 MHz but when a 0 9 pF input capacitance active probe is used fc equals 7 GHz It is preferable to use an active or FET probe with a smaller input capacitance because even more pronounced loading effects emerge when measuring a circuit with a high output impedance Probe Rs 50Q Signal Zo 502 source o Resonance due to Inductance Pins or wires of one sort or another are used to connect the probe to the circuit under test Inductance occurs when these pins or wires reach certain lengths which results in resonance with the probe s input capacitance This will not obscure observation of the waveform if these resonant frequencies are outside of the oscilloscope s frequency bandwidth but overshooting or ringing which was not originally present is introduced into the signal waveform being observed when the inductance or capacitance is large The resonant frequency is surprisingly low when the resonant frequencies of three different types of probes are compared as in Figure 1 with a given connected inductance of 10 nH a length of up to 1 2 cm The user must be aware that effects of this inductance can be found not only on the probe input but also in the ground connection PB500 PBA2500 PBL5000 Passive Probe Active Probe Low Capacitance Probe Input Impedance Approx 14 pF Approx 0 9 pF Approx 0 25
7. User s Model 701923 Manual PBD2000 Differential Probe igo mi Yokogawa Electric Corporation Foreword Revisions 1st Edition November 2005 YK Thank you for purchasing the PBD2000 Differentil Probe Model 701923 This user s manual contains useful information about the functions and operating procedures of the PBD2000 Differentil Probe and lists the handling precautions of the instrument To ensure correct use please read this manual thoroughly before beginning operation After reading this manual keep it in a convenient location for quick reference in the event a question arises during operation 1st Edition November 2005 All Rights Reserved Copyright 2005 Yokogawa Electric Corporation IM 701923 01E The following safety markings are used in this manual 5 A Improper handling or use can lead to injury to the user or damage to the instrument This symbol appears on the instrument to indicate that the user must refer to the user s manual for special instructions The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the user s manual to identify those instructions In the manual the symbol is used in conjunction with the word WARNING or CAUTION WARNING Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause CAUTION Note serious injury or death to the user and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences Calls attentions to actions or conditions that could cau
8. al source being measured is high However this probe is ideal for high quality measurement of clock edges or other high speed digital signal waveforms as the input capacitance is half or even a small fraction of that of the active probe PBL5000 5 GHz Low Capacitance Probe App 2 IM 701923 01E Problems with Probing High Speed Signals The Loading Effect When a probe is connected to the circuit under test the input impedance of the probe itself has certain effects on the circuit This is called the loading effect For example when measuring a feedback circuit the phase of the circuit changes due to the impedance of the connected probe thus changing the operation of the circuit For oscillating circuits the frequency of oscillation can change or the oscillation can stop altogether Special care must be taken when selecting a probe for measuring circuits that are sensitive to capacitance Observational Bandwidth Limits due to Probe Input Capacitance There can be cases where there are notable low pass filter effects related to the signal source impedance and the probe s load capacitance particularly when observing frequency components of 100 MHz or more Let us take an example of a 50 Q circuit see below In this example the equivalent signal source impedance can be seen as 25 Q 2 x 50 Q in parallel when observing the signal waveform at the load terminal and the cutoff frequency at the probe s input point is fc 1 2 x
9. e as short of an attachment as possible to connect the circuit under test to the probe head both signal input terminal and ground terminal e For signals of relatively low frequency Lead wire e For signals of relatively high frequency ZO PEE Probe head Select an attachment according to the circuit to be tested straight pin angle pin spring type straight pin spring type angle pin IM 701923 01E Warm up offset adjustment Warm up After connecting the probe heat emitted from the probe itself causes the offset voltage to drift The probe should nearly stabilize about thirty minutes after applying power Allow a thirty minute warm up after connecting the probe Offset adjustment You can turn the offset voltage adjustment variable resistor on the probe interface with the appropriate adjustment driver see page 3 to adjust the offset voltage remaining after warm up residual offset voltage CAUTION When adjusting the offset voltage do not force the offset voltage adjustment variable resistor The offset voltage adjustment variable resistor may break Note JK The offset voltage drifts as a result of the ambient temperature During continuous use make sure the ambient temperature is stable Do not use the offset voltage adjustment variable resistor for any purpose other than adjusting the residual offset voltage If you use it for purposes such as deliberately changing the offset value the inst
10. ew Features The PBD2000 Differential Probe is a 2 GHz bandwidth differential input probe that can be used in combination with DL9000 series digital oscilloscopes The probe is simply connected to the BNC input terminal on the DL9000 series instrument By touching the probe tip to the circuit under test you can view voltage waveforms e Allows direct observation of differential signals e Common mode rejection capability e Wide frequency bandwidth DC to 2 GHz e Power can be supplied to the probe from the DL9000 series instrument The probe is automatically recognized by the DL9000 series instrument The attachment that touches the circuit under test can be changed e Compact and lightweight IM 701923 01E Names of Parts Add various we attachments connect to circuit under test To digital oscilloscope input Latch release lever Output terminal Variable Resistor for Adjusting Offset Voltage Probe head a o e t Interface Probe interface spring pin Attachments L pins 2 packs wires one each in red and black Microclips Straight pins 8 one each in red and black Connect to Ej probe head Angle pins 8 SN Spring type straight pins 4 P Spring type angle pins 4 a The quantity in parentheses is the number of the various attachments that belong to a single probe Probe interface The point of connection to the input of the digital o
11. ogawa s standard 10 1 passive probes are easy to use for general applications They have an input impedance of 10M an input capacitance of approximately 14 pF and a withstand voltage of 600 V However the 14 pF input capacitance might cause problems when high frequencies are measured 500 MHz Passive Probe to use with DL9000 Series IM 701923 01E App 1 Active Probes FET Probes Active and FET probes are those most often used to measure high frequency signals Unlike passive probes an impedance converting buffer amplifier is situated near the tip of the probe which enables them to handle higher frequencies with around 1 pF input capacitance They require a power supply and must be handled with more care than a passive probe since the with stand voltage is lower They are very effective in terms of reliability and their ability to reproduce high frequency signal waveforms PBA2500 2 5 GHz Active Probe to use with DL9000 Series Low Capacitance Probes Resistance These probes are not so well known but they have been used with measuring instruments having 50 Q inputs for a relatively long time The probe head has a special built in 450 Q or 950 Q resistor designed for high frequency and uses a 50 Q coaxial cable It is still very popular to this day since the input capacitance is extremely small As the input resistance is 500 Q or 1 kQ it can have an affect on the DC bias or output amplitude if the impedance of the sign
12. pF or 0 4 pF Resonant Frequency 425 MHz 1 68 GHz 3 18 GHz When L 10 nH IM 701923 01E App 3 Changes in Cable Characteristics A coaxial cable is used to transfer signals from the probe tip to the oscilloscope Cables that can offer the right balance of both flexibility and high frequency performance are selected after considering the ways in which the cables will actually be handled Even so if a cable is bent sharply the dielectric can break altering the characteristic impedance and subsequently weakening the cable s throughput and reflectivity This in turn will affect the high frequency components of the observed waveform This is one of the causes of poor repeatability in the observation of high frequency waveforms and the repeatability can be increased by bending the cables as little as possible When bending is necessary please do so in a uniform manner Getting the Best Performance Out of Your Probe When using probes inductance based resonance is the biggest problem during waveform measurement and it is most important to suppress it Make the probe s input pins and ground lead as short as possible when the goal is to easily check signals browsing When highly reliable waveform observation is called for prepare a thru hole PCB for connecting the probe and directly connect the probe s signal input pins onto the PCB track or to another fitting No 1 and No 2 Connect the probe to a prepared copper wire or plate that is
13. require special instructions for proper handling or use The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the manual to identify those instructions IM 701923 01E iii Safety Precautions For safe use of the instrument and for best results please heed the following warnings and cautions AN Take care to avoid electric shock when connecting the probe to the item under test Never disconnect the probe from the measuring instrument while the probe is connected to the circuit under test Never use the probe with wet hands or when the probe itself is wet Electric shock can result Before connecting the probe input terminal to the item under test check that the measuring instrument is properly grounded and that the probe output connector is connected to the input connector of the oscilloscope Ground the measuring instrument Always connect the main instrument s protective grounding Maintain nondestructive input voltages Do not apply a voltage exceeding PM 25 V DC ACpeak between input and ground Do not use the probe in humid locations To avoid electric shock never use the probe in areas of high humidity Do not use the probe near flammable gases To avoid injury and fire do not use the probe near flammable or explosive gasses or vapors Avoid exposed circuits To prevent injury remove all jewelry such as rings and wristwatches When the power is ON do not touch any exposed contact points or components
14. rument will fail to meet its specifications IM 701923 01E S Product Specifications Electrical Specifications The electrical specifications are based on a standard operating conditions after a thirty minute warm up Frequency Bandwidth DC to 2 GHz 3 dB or more Attenuation ratio and DC voltage accuracy 10 1 within 2 including oscilloscope error at a 50 Q load Input capacitance Approximately 1 1 pF relative to ground typical value Input resistance Within 2 of 50 kQ relative to ground Output impedance Approximately 50 Q typical value Maximum operating input 7 V voltage range Maximum differential input 5 V voltage range Maximum non destructive voltage 25 V DC ACpeak Rise time 175 ps or less not including characteristics of the oscilloscope typical value Residual noise 500 uVrms or less in probe output typical value Residual offset Within 10 m after adjustment Common mode rejection ratio DC 10 MHz 35 dB or less 10 MHz 100 MHz 20 dB or less 100 MHz 1 GHz 12 dB or less Derating of the input voltage by frequency 100 5 25 25 53 xo Gs 10 a a gas D V peak i 1 100 500 1000 2000 Input voltage range Vin Minus side signal input terminal
15. scilloscope Interface spring pin When the probe output terminal is connected it touches the pad on the interface board of the oscilloscope The probe s power is supplied through this interface component The interface also supplies the offset voltage and allows automatic recognition of the probe Cable Links the probe interface and probe head Probe head Contacts the circuit under test through various attachments Latch release lever A lever that releases the lock connecting the probe output terminal to the oscilloscope input IM 701923 01E Usage Precautions Attachments The probe s input terminals An attachment is selected according to the circuit to be tested and attached to the probe head Output terminal The output terminal is a BNC connector It connects to the input of the oscilloscope BNC connector Variable resistor for adjusting offset voltage You can adjust the offset voltage using an appropriate driver as described below Adjustment Driver Use an adjustment driver that fits the adjustment groove Using a driver with a large grip or a driver with a small head can result in damage to the adjustment turn stop or grooves Recommended Adjustment Driver Bit Dimensions WKS E Head thickness W 0 2 0 35 mm head length L 1 3 1 5 mm head shape minus or plus CAUTION Use a soft cloth to wipe away dirt and be careful not to damage the probe Also never dip the
16. se light injury to the user or damage to the instrument or user s data and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences Calls attention to information that is important for proper operation of the instrument Checking the Contents of the Package If any of the contents are incorrect missing or appear to be abnormal please contact your Yokogawa dealer or representative PBD2000 Differentil Probe 1 Various kinds of attachments see page 1 2 Straight and angle pins 8 each Spring type straight and angle pins 4 each Microclips red and black 1 each Lead wires red and black 1 each L pins 2 Driver 1 User s manual this manual 1 Carrying case 1 Optional Accessories Sold Separately Name Model Remarks Standard accessory kit 701915 Set of attachments the quantity of each attachment differs from the accessories IM 701923 01E Safety Symbols and Precautions To ensure safe and correct operation of the instrument you must take the safety precautions given on the next page The instrument may not function if used in a manner not described in this manual Yokogawa bears no responsibility for nor implies any warranty against damages occurring as a result of failure to take these precautions The following safety symbols and words are used in this manual AN Warning Handle with care Refer to the user s manual This symbol appears on dangerous locations on the instrument which
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