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References - VU

1. References Ahmed MW Kadish AH Parker MA amp Goldberger JJ 1994 Effect of Physiological and Pharmacological Adrenergic Stimulation on Heart Rate Variability Journal of the American College of Cardiology 24 1082 1090 Akselrod S Gordon D Madwed JB Snidman NC Shannon DC amp Cohen RJ 1985 Hemodynamic regulation investigation by spectral analysis AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249 H867 H875 Akselrod S Gordon D Ubel FA Shannon DC Berger AC amp Cohen RJ 1981 Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation a quantitative probe of beat to beat cardiovascular control Science 213 220 222 al Absi M Bongard S Buchanan T Pincomb GA Licinio J Lovallo WR 1997 Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustment to public speaking and mental arithmetic stressors Psychophysiology 34 266 275 Alcalay M Izraeli S Wallachkapon R Tochner Z Benjamini Y amp Akselrod S 1992 Paradoxical Pharmacodynamic Effect of Atropine on Parasympathetic Control A Study by Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Fluctuations Clinical Pharmacology amp Therapeutics 52 518 527 Allen MT amp Crowell MD 1989 Patterns of autonomic response during laboratory stressors Psychophysiology 26 603 614 Allen MT Sherwood A Obrist PA Crowell MD amp Grange LA 1987 Stability of cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors a 2 1 2 yr follow up Journal of Psychosomatic Research 31 639 645 Alvarenga ME Ri
2. posture a code stating the dominant posture during that period 10 levels physical load a code indicating the level of physical load 6 levels activity type of activity the subject is engaged in 24 levels location a code for the location of the subject 9 levels social situation indicating the social situation the subject is in 8 levels This is unlikely to correspond to your own categories Change the command syntax accordingly i e change sa posture 129 133 physical 134 137 activity 138 141 location 142 145 social 146 149 to the appropriate description of the categories you used to label the data HHA Fe Fe Fe Fe HII IKI RIKI IIR He He He He He He He He III RII IIIS IIIB III III III III III III III II IIIS ke ke ke ke WARNING FOR POTENTIAL PROBLEMS The largest problem that arises during the GET DATA statement is that the input has a comma notation for floating point notation e g 8 03 whereas SPSS expects a dot notation 8 03 or vice versa When the need arises In the control panel of Windows select regional and language options customize and set the decimal symbol for numbers to dot Another nicety is that SPSS in some version stopped counting empty lines as true lines This may mean that you need to adjust the FIRSTCASE parameter in the GET DATA statement TITLE PROCESSING VU AMS RSR FILES CREATED WITH AMSRES SUBTITLE READING TH
3. DROP mot msd number of 30 s averages in each of the labeled periods is already indicated by hra which we keep DROP hravar motvar msdvar variance we already have SD Compute the duration of each of the labeled periods and adds this variable FORMATS strttime endtime TIME11 2 IF strtdate eq enddate duration CTIME MINUTES endtime strttime IF strtdate ne enddate duration CTIME MINUTES endtime TIME HMS 24 0 0 strttime EXECUTE VARIABLE label duration Duration of this labeled period in minutes NB floating point notation EXECUTE SAVE OUTFILE DIRY FILE _labels sav DROP mot msd ibi hravar motvar msdvar ibivar EXECUTE 225 CHECK_AMSRES_Your_subject_1 sps File name CHECK_AMSRES_singlesubject_generic sps Version July 2007 AMS version 4 6 5fs back conversion Some easy to locate DEFINEs that set the WORKING DIRECTORY the RSR file to be checked and a file that defines the variable and value labels for the categories of your labeled periods DEFINE DIRY C Your full directory tree ENDDEFINE DEFINE FILE Your_file_for_subject_1 ENDDEFINE DEFINE LABELF label_VAR amp VALUES_your_project ENDDEFINE Se ATTEN TION 222i iii iain teede te te Aee le Ae de k Bede ke de TI de Ae IIIT IIIT TTI Although this job is fairly generic it may need some adjustments to fit your data Search for the sections labeled with
4. HI COMPUTE Heather_kelsey SVb_ampl Z0 dzdt_min EXECUTE VARIABLE LABEL SV Stroke volume from B point in cc correct if L was filled out during AMSIMP scoring VARIABLE LABEL SVb Stroke volume from B point in cc correct if L was defined in the SPSS job VARIABLE LABEL HR Heart rate in bpm VARIABLE LABEL CO Cardiac Output from B point in liters VARIABLE LABEL COb Cardiac Output from B point in liters VARIABLE LABEL L02702 Electrode distance squared divided by resting impedance squared VARIABLE LABEL SVb_ampl dZ dt amplitude from B point to dz dt min peak VARIABLE LABEL SVbamp_x_lvet product dZ dt amplitude from B point en LVET VARIABLE LABEL L distance between the front electrodes cm VARIABLE LABEL Heather_kelsey Alternative heather index according to Kelsey arb units EXECUTE OUTLIER DETECT ON eee Rae eR EN AE REN ERE NAR IESNAS EE RE RENAN Check whether your physiological variables remain within their plausible physiological range for example by looking at histograms This is a topic that is subject to personal opinion you must ultimately decide how to deal with outliers yourself A first rough selection of possible outliers can be based on physiologically implausible values that are outside these ranges Plausible physiological range DZDTMIN dZdt min amplitude 2 5 0 15 Ohm s PEP Pre ejection period 50 170 ms
5. that you need to do this only ONCE EEE An example of a valid job for a specific study is given below The study had five categories each with multiple levels HIKE Fe Fe Fe HIRI KIKI Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He III II III III III III III III III III II III ADD STUDY SPECIFIC VARIABLE LABELS VARIABLE LABEL posture main posture during labeled period VARIABLE LABEL physical physical load during labeled period VARIABLE LABEL activity main activity during labeled period VARIABLE LABEL location location of subject during labeled period VARIABLE LABEL social social situation during labeled period EXECUTE HIKE KIKI Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe RIKI He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He IKI IIR II IKI III III III ISI III IIIS III ADD STUDY SPECIFIC VALUE LABELS HARIKA KIKI KIKI RII He He He He He He He He He He He He III III III III III III IIIS III IIIS ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke VALUE LABELS posture 10 lying 11 sitting 12 standing 13 walking 14 lie sit 15 sit stand 16 sit stand walk 17 stand walk 18 bicycling 19 unknown EXECUTE VALUE LABELS physical 20 light physical activity 21 medium physical activity 22 heavy physical activity 23 very heavy physical activity 24 sleep 25 unknown EXECUTE VALUE LABELS activity 30 deskwork PC 31 administ
6. amp Takata K 1990 Short Term and Long Term Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Heart Rate Variability American Journal of Cardiology 65 84 88 Hayano J Sakakibara Y Yamada A Yamada M Mukai S Fujinami T Yokoyama K Watanabe Y amp Takata K 1991 Accuracy of assessment of cardiac vagal tone by heart rate variability in normal subjects The American Journal of Cardiology 67 199 204 Herman JP amp Cullinan WE 1997 Neurocircuitry of stress central control of the hypothalamo pituitary adrenocortical axis Trends in neurosciences 20 78 84 Hjemdahl P 1990 Physiology of the autonomic nervous system as related to cardio vascular function implications for stress research In Byrne DG amp Roseman RH Eds Anxiety and the heart New York Hemisphere Publishing Hjemdahl P 1993 Plasma Catecholamines Analytical Challenges and Physiological Limitations Baillieres Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 7 307 353 Hohnloser SH Klingenheben T Zabel M Schroder F amp Just H 1992 Intraindividual reproducibility of heart rate variability Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 15 2211 2214 Holsboer F 2000 The corticosteroid receptor hypothesis of depression Neuropsychopharmacology 23 477 501 Hopf HB Skyschally A Heusch G amp Peters J 1995 Low Frequency Spectral Power of Heart Rate Variability Is Not A Specific Marker of Cardiac Sympathetic Modulation Anesthesiology 82 609 619 Hoshikawa Y amp Yamamoto Y 1997
7. to bring this job in accordance with the protocol of your specific study and your own wishes regarding data handling what to save and what not HARK Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He IIR He He He He IIIA III IKI III IIIS II III III IIIS IIIS ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke SCRIPT HISTORY 20223 Aeee dee tetee dede e tede deste dede te tede e te Fede kete deke de dede ke Ae deske dedede dedede kedele Original version 1996 Eco de Geus many hacks by Riese amp Vrijkotte Revised extensively by Dolf de Boer 2004 Modified for Psychophysiology course 2006 Eco de Geus amp Annebet Goedhart Updated for thesis Annebet Goedhart summer 2007 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ZS SA NASARA EEE EAE RAEN IN ERIE This is a syntax file for SPSS for Windows version 13 INPUT It will read individual rsr files into SPSS ACTION This syntax file is an example of how one could use SPSS for the detection of outliers and final aggregation of the data obtained from AMSRES This syntax has been developed in our department through years of experience and final improvements have been made and tested in a dataset of the ambulatory monitoring of gt 1000 participants The selection criteria in this syntax have provided satisfactory results for this dataset However for other populations circumstances or research protocols different criteria might be required First the raw data is imported into SPSS Thi
8. 3 V On the left side on the ribcage about 4 cm 1 3 below the nipple ICG 4 I At the back on the spine at least 3 cm 1 above electrode 6 5 I At the back on the spine at least 3 cm 1 below electrode 7 6 V At the top end of the sternum between the tips of the collarbones 7 V At the low end of the sternum where the ribs meet Attachment of the lead wires and lead wire connector Attach the lead wires to the electrodes according to the color coding scheme in the figure above Next the blue ECG ICG lead wire connector has to be plugged in the blue socket Starting the measurement by plugging in The VU AMS device is always on standby Measurement will re start after you plug in the lead wire connector and press the event button for about three seconds A beep will be heard to acknowledge the start of the recording and the green light will start flashing about once every three seconds 214 Wearing the device Put the VU AMS device in its carrier bag with the lead wire connector facing up Fasten the device with the Velcro strap in the bag and gird it on with the VU AMS belt if it is more convenient you can also use your own belt Make sure the device remains in a vertical position as much as possible Marking special events A small black button is placed on top of the VU AMS device next to the two lead wire plug connectors To mark a special event push this button for about one second Pu
9. AGGREGATE COMMAND The AGGREGATE COMMAND below assumes that you used the following five CATEGORIES for labeling with AMSGRA posture a code stating the dominant posture during that period 10 levels physical load a code indicating the level of physical load 6 levels activity type of activity the subject is engaged in 24 levels location a code for the location of the subject 9 levels social situation indicating the social situation the subject is in 8 levels This is unlikely to correspond to your own categories Change the command syntax accordingly i e change aS BREAK subject posture physical activity location social kk to the appropriate description of the categories you used to label the data Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He e He e He He ke e e e ke ke ke e e e ke ke ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke GET FILE DIRY FILE _res sav 233 AGGREGATE OUTFILE BREAK subject posture physical activity location social strtdate MIN date enddate MAX date strttime MIN time endtime MAX time mrsa MEAN rsa mrsa0 MEAN rsazero mibi MEAN ibi mrr MEAN rr mvt MEAN Vt sdrsa SD rsa sdrsaO SD rsazero sdibi SD ibi sdrr SD rr sdvt SD Vt seek ADD VARIABLE LABELS TSRSRENMNEN EEEN E RAEN EN ERIN EKE AE
10. Journal of Sleep Research 10 253 264 Tsigos C amp Chrousos GP 2002 Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis neuroendocrine factors and stress Journal of Psychosomatic Research 53 865 871 Tsuji H Larson MG Venditti FJ Jr Manders ES Evans JC Feldman CL amp Levy D 1996 Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events The Framingham Heart Study Circulation 94 2850 2855 203 Tulen JHM Boomsma F amp Veld AJMI 1999 Cardiovascular control and plasma catecholamines during rest and mental stress effects of posture Clinical Science 96 567 576 Tulppo MP Makikallio TH Takala TE Seppanen T amp Huikuri HV 1996 Quantitative beat to beat analysis of heart rate dynamics during exercise The American journal of physiology 271 H244 H252 Ukkola O Gagnon J Rankinen T Thompson PA Hong Y Leon AS Rao DC Skinner JS Wilmore JH amp Bouchard C 2001 Age body mass index race and other determinants of steroid hormone variability the HERITAGE Family Study European Journal of Endocrinology 145 1 9 Uusitalo ALT Laitinen T Vaisanen SB Lansimies E amp Rauramaa R 2004 Physical training and heart rate and blood pressure variability a 5 yr randomized trial American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286 H1821 H1826 Uusitalo ALT Tahvanainen KUO Uusitalo AJ amp Rusko HK 1996 Non invasive evaluation of sympathovagal balance in athletes by time and fr
11. Lushene R E 1970 STAI Manual for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory CA Palto Alto Stahle A Nordlander R amp Bergfeldt L 1999 Aerobic group training improves exercise capacity and heart rate variability in elderly patients with a recent coronary event A randomized controlled study European Heart Journal 20 1638 1646 Stein PK Rich MW Rottman JN amp Kleiger RE 1995 Stability of index of heart rate variability in patients with congestive heart failure Am Heart J 129 975 981 Svedenhag J Martinsson A Ekblom B amp Hjemdahl P 1986 Altered cardiovascular responsiveness to adrenaline in endurance trained subjects Acta Physiol Scand 126 539 550 Svedenhag J Martinsson A Ekblom B amp Hjemdahl P 1991 Altered Cardiovascular Responsiveness to Adrenoceptor Agonists in Endurance Trained Men Journal of Applied Physiology 70 531 538 Svedenhag J Wallin BG Sundlof G amp Henriksson J 1984 Skeletal Muscle Sympathetic Activity at Rest in Trained and Untrained Subjects Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 120 499 504 Swain A amp Suls J 1996 Reproducibility of blood pressure and heart rate reactivity a meta analysis Psychophysiology 33 162 174 Tank J Jordan J Diedrich A Stoffels M Franke G Faulhaber HD Luft FC amp Busjahn A 2001 Genetic influences on baroreflex function in normal twins Hypertension 37 907 910 Tanz RD 1960 Studies on the action of cortisone acetate on isolated cardiac tissu
12. and long term reproducibility of time and frequency domain heart rate variability measurements in normal subjects Cardiovascular Research 32 226 233 Pomeranz B Macaulay RJB Caudill MA Kutz I Adam D Gordon D Kilborn KM Barger AC Shannon DC Cohen RJ amp Benson H 1985 Assessment of Autonomic Function in 198 Humans by Heart Rate Spectral Analysis American Journal of Physiology 248 H151 H153 Popma A Jansen LMC Vermeiren R Steiner H Raine A van Goozen SHM Engeland Hv amp Doreleijers TAH 2006 Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and autonomic activity during stress in delinquent male adolescents and controls Psychoneuroendocrinology 31 948 957 Posener JA DeBattista C Williams GH Chmura KH Kalehzan BM amp Schatzberg AF 2000 24 Hour monitoring of cortisol and corticotropin secretion in psychotic and nonpsychotic major depression Archives of general psychiatry 57 755 760 Powell KE Thompson PD Caspersen CJ amp Kendrick JS 1987 Physical Activity and the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease Annual Review of Public Health 8 253 287 Pruessner JC Kirschbaum C Meinlschmid G amp Hellhammer DH 2003 Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time dependent change Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 916 931 Quinkler M amp Stewart PM 2003 Hypertension and the Cortisol Cortisone Shuttle Journal of Clinical Endocrinol
13. code describing the main location during that period socia code describing the main social situation during that period stress code describing subjective stress during that period These final 6 categories are labels specification which you can change at will when you have used other labels to label the AMSgra file NOTA BENE Time of Q ONSET is imputed by AMSIMP by subtracting 48 ms from the time of the R wave onset ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS COMPUTED We compute Stroke Volume by the Kubicek formula Kubicek 1966 SVkubi rho L L Z0 ZO dZ dt max LVET rho 135 ohm s L defined above 70 average thorax impedance in the ensemble average Cardiac output is computed as SV Heart rate SVb follows the official stroke volume computation It should correspond to what AMSIMP has computed if the electrode distance had been filled out correctly If L had not been filled out properly it can in principle be computed from the difference between the computed SVb and the original AMSIMP SV As an alternative stroke volume measure SV can also be computed as SVO In this computation the B point is measured in relation to the dZ dt 0 baseline We have not implemented this formula in the syntax For further information see Goedhart et al 2006 Biol Psych 72 110 17 We also compute the Heather index by the Kelsey formula Kelsey proposed to scale the dZ dt min amplitud
14. field indicates that you have included the non labeled ICG complexes in your iar file Fix this one of the options in the AMSIMP menu seek ADD VARIABLE LAB Eg eee eee ENA RENN AEAEE EDELEN NEN VARIABLE LABEL strtdate Start date of the ensemble average dd mm yy VARIABLE LABEL strttime Start time of the ensemble average hh mm ss VARIABLE LABEL ensemble_no Number of the ensemble average since start of recording starts at 0 VARIABLE LABEL block Beat to beat block number VARIABLE LABEL label Sequential label number VARIABLE LABEL PEP PEP Time of the upstroke B point in reference to Q ONSET ms VARIABLE LABEL dzdt_min time of the dz dt min point in reference to Q ONSET ms VARIABLE LABEL incisura time of the incisura X point in reference to Q ONSET ms VARIABLE LABEL ZO Average thorax impedance Ohm VARIABLE LABEL IBI average R wave to R wave interval ms VARIABLE LABEL amp_upstroke Amplitude of dZ dt signal at the B point from x axis in Ohm s VARIABLE LABEL amp_dzdtmin Amplitude of dZ dt min point from x axis in Ohm s VARIABLE LABEL amp_inci Amplitude of dZ dt signal at the incisura in Ohm s 237 VARIABLE LABEL LVET LVET Left ventricular ejection time in ms VARIABLE LABEL Rw_dzdt R peak to dz dt min interval in ms VARIABLE LABEL SV Stroke volume in cc VARIABLE LABEL heather Heather Index in ohm s 2 VARIABLE LAB
15. to Q ONSET in ms 47 52 integer incis Time of the incisura X point this time is in reference to Q ONSET in ms 53 58 integer 235 Zo Average thorax impedance Ohm during the entire ensembling period 59 65 float ibi Average R wave to R wave interval in ms 66 71 integer amp_upstroke Amplitude of dZ dt signal at the B point from x axis in Ohm s 72 77 float amp_dzdtmin Amplitude of dZ dt min point from x axis in Ohm s 78 83 float amp_inci Amplitude of dZ dt signal at the incisura in Ohm s 84 89 float LVET Left ventricular ejection time in ms 90 95 integer Rw_dz R peak to dz dt min interval in ms 96 101 integer SV Stroke volume in cc 102 109 float Whether this is in relation to signal amplitude at dZ dt 0 or at the B point depends on what option was checked in AMSIMP heather Heather Index in ohm s 2 110 117 float accep During visual scoring you interactively set this variable to A accepted R REJECTED or C CORRECTED 119 char Optional descriptions of the period N A if not available columns 120 label labeled period number starting at 1 0 if N A postu a code describing the predominant posture during that period physic a code describing the predominant physical load during that period activ an activity code categorizing possible daily activities of the study group locat
16. 1999 Human responses to upright tilt a window on central autonomic integration Journal of Physiology London 517 617 628 Cordon Cardo C O Brien JP Casals D Rittman Grauer L Biedler JL Melamed MR amp Bertino JR 1989 Multidrug resistance gene P glycoprotein is expressed by endothelial cells at blood brain barrier sites Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86 695 698 Coresh J Klag MJ Mead LA Liang KY amp Whelton PK 1992 Vascular Reactivity in Young Adults and Cardiovascular Disease A Prospective Study Hypertension 19 218 223 Costa P amp McCrae R 1992 Revised NEO Personality Inventory NEO PI R and NEO Fivefactor Inventory NEO FFI Professional manual FL Psychological Assessment Resources Odessa Crider A Kremen WS Xian H Jacobson KC Waterman B Eisen SA Tsuang MT amp Lyons MJ 2004 Stability consistency and heritability of electrodermal response lability in middle aged male twins Psychophysiology 41 501 509 Critchley HD 2002 Electrodermal Responses What Happens in the Brain The Neuroscientist 8 132 142 185 Cullinane EM Sady SP Vadeboncoeur L Burke M amp Thompson PD 1986 Cardiac Size and VO2Max do Not Decrease After Short Term Exercise Cessation Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 18 420 424 Curtis BM amp O Keeffe JH 2002 Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor The dangers of chronic fight
17. 260 Freixa i Baque E 1982 Reliability of electrodermal measures a compilation Biological Psychology 14 219 229 Freedman RR 1989 Laboratory and ambulatory monitoring of menopausal hot flashes Psychophysiology 26 5 573 9 Frey MAB amp Kenney RA 1979 Systolic Time Intervals During Combined Hand Cooling and Head Up Tilt Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 50 218 222 Fritz amp Levine R 1951 Action of adrenal cortical steroids and nor epinephrine on vascular responses of stress in adrenalectomized rats The American journal of physiology 165 456 465 Furlan R Ardizzone S Palazzolo L Rimoldi A Perego F Barbic F Bevilacqua M Vago L Porro GB amp Malliani A 2006 Sympathetic overactivity in active ulcerative colitis effects of clonidine American Journal of Physiology Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290 R224 R232 Furlan R Colombo S Perego F Atzeni F Diana A Barbic F Porta A Pace F Malliani A amp Sarzi Puttini P 2005 Abnormalities of cardiovascular neural control and reduced orthostatic tolerance in patients with primary fibromyalgia Journal of Rheumatology 32 1787 1793 Furlan R Porta A Costa F Tank J Baker L Schiavi R Robertson D Malliani A amp Mosqueda Garcia R 2000 Oscillatory patterns in sympathetic neural discharge 188 and cardiovascular variables during orthostatic stimulus Circulation 101 886 892 Gamelin FX Berthoin S Sayah H L
18. A New Look at an Old Problem Chest 122 1784 1796 Martinmaki K Rusko H Kooistra L Kettunen J amp Saalasti S 2006 Intraindividual validation of heart rate variability indexes to measure vagal effects on hearts AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 290 H640 H647 Martinsson A Melcher A Lindvall K amp Hjemdahl P 1991 Comparison Between Isoprenaline Infusions and Bolus Injections to Assess Beta Adrenoceptor Function in Man with Special Reference to Cardiac Contractility and the Influence of Autonomic Reflexes Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 141 167 180 Matthews KA Gump BB amp Owens JF 2001 Chronic stress influences cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses during acute stress and recovery especially in men Health Psychology 20 403 410 Matthews KA Salomon K Kenyon K amp Allen MT 2002 Stability of children s and adolescents hemodynamic responses to psychological challenge A three year longitudinal study of a multiethnic cohort of boys and girls Psychophysiology 39 826 834 McCaffery JM Pogue Geile MF Ferrell RE Petro N amp Manuck SB 2002 Variability within alpha and beta adrenoreceptor genes as a predictor of cardiovascular function at rest and in response to mental challenge Journal of Hypertension 20 1105 1114 McGrath JJ O Brien WH 2001 Pediatric impedance cardiography temporal stability and intertask consistency Psychophysiology 38 479 484 Meijer OC de Lange EC Breimer DD d
19. Effects of Stroop color word conflict test on the autonomic nervous system responses American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 41 H1113 H1121 Hottenga JJ Boomsma DI Kupper N Posthuma D Snieder H Willemsen G amp de Geus EJC 2005 Heritability and stability of resting blood pressure Twin Research and Human Genetics 8 499 508 Houtveen JH Groot PFC amp de Geus EJC 2005 Effects of variation in posture and respiration on RSA and pre ejection period Psychophysiology 42 713 719 Houtveen JH Groot PF de Geus EJ 2006 Validation of the thoracic impedance derived respiratory signal using multilevel analysis Int J Psychophysiology 59 2 97 106 Houtveen JH amp Molenaar PC 2001 Comparison between the Fourier and Wavelet methods of spectral analysis applied to stationary and nonstationary heart period data Psychophysiology 38 729 735 Houtveen JH Rietveld S amp de Geus EJ 2002 Contribution of tonic vagal modulation of heart rate central respiratory drive respiratory depth and respiratory frequency to respiratory sinus arrhythmia during mental stress and physical exercise Psychophysiology 39 427 436 Houtveen JH van Doornen LJ 2007 Medically unexplained symptoms and between group differences in 24 h ambulatory recording of stress physiology Biological Psychology 76 3 239 49 Hull SS Jr Evans AR Vanoli E Adamson PB Stramba Badiale M Albert DE Foreman RD amp Schwartz PJ 19
20. HR lower than 35 shortibi gt 1700 is very uncommon and unlikely although not impossible The next statement excludes these beats If these ibi s gt 1700 cannot be considered outliers see histogram it is recommended to check the AmsRes interface to see whether such beats derive from spikes or whether they are true and reliable If so disable or change the select statements below In a 24 hour recordings do not be alarmed by a mixture distribution this is what you expect NIGHT vs DAYTIME THIS SET OF STATEMENTS MAY REQUIRE DIFFERENT PARAMETERS IN YOUR SAMPLE 230 SELECT IF shortibi lt 1700 SELECT IF longibi lt 1800 EXECUTE COMPUTE cases_7 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_7 Excluding very slow heart beats AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_7 MAX cases_7 IBI s of 250 ms HR 240 and shorter are extremely uncommon and may very well be unrejected spikes With the next statements they will be rejected Note that we keep shortibi lt 0 and longibi lt 0 since these values flag the cases where no valid shortibi or longibi could be found within the inspirational and expirational intervals HARK Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IKI IIR IIR III IIIA IRI III III III IIIS III IIIS III III ke ke ke ke ke ke ke SELECT IF shortibi gt 250 OR shortibi lt 0 EXECUTE SELECT IF longibi gt 270 OR longib
21. LVET Left ventricular ejection 150 500 ms HR Heart rate 30 180 bpm IBI Inter beat interval 333 2000 ms ZO Average thorax impedance 6 17 Ohm STROKE Stroke volume 40 200 cc CO Cardiac Output 3 35 l HI Heather index 40 0 Ohm Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He he He He He He He He He He He He e He e He He e e e e e e ke He e ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke EXAMINE VARIABLES ibi pep lvet SV SVb PLOT HISTOGRAM STATISTICS NONE MISSING LISTWISE NOTOTAL Generic exclusion criteria COMPUTE exclude 0 IF HR lt 30 OR HR gt 200 exclude 1 IF Z0 lt 6 OR Z0 gt 17 exclude exclude 10 IF PEP lt 50 OR PEP gt 170 exclude exclude 20 IF LVET lt 150 OR LVET gt 450 exclude exclude 30 EXECUTE SELECT IF exclude eq 0 EXECUTE Project specific exclusion criteria FILL IN AS REQUIRED EXECUTE How many labels were excluded and for what reason FREQ exclude 239 DETECTION OF POTENTIAL INCONSISTENCIES IN INTERACTIVE kk SCORING NREAMENEN EARNER EN RHR EN r EORR hce heee Please check the correlations and the graphs carefully If an outlier can be identified go back to AMSIMP to decide whether you are convinced the B or X point should be where you put it CHANGE THINGS ONLY IF YOU REALLY MADE AN OBVIOUS MISTAKE The
22. R Boer B de Regt G Orlebeke JF amp van Doornen LJP 1996 Effect of aerobic fitness training on heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity Homeostasis 37 28 51 De Geus EJC Boomsma DI amp Snieder H 2003 Genetic correlation of exercise with heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 35 1287 1295 De Geus EJC Doornen LJP Visser DC amp Orlebeke JF 1990 Existing and Training Induced Differences in Aerobic Fitness Their Relationship to Physiological Response Patterns During Different Types of Stress Psychophysiology 27 457 477 De Geus EJC Kupper N Boomsma DI amp Snieder H 2007 Bivariate Genetic Modeling of Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity Does Stress Uncover Genetic Variance Psychosomatic Medicine 69 356 364 De Kloet CS Vermetten E Geuze E Kavelaars A Heijnen CJ amp Westenberg HGM 2006 Assessment of HPA axis function in posttraumatic stress disorder Pharmacological and non pharmacological challenge tests a review Journal of Psychiatric Research 40 550 567 De Kloet ER Oitzl MS amp Joels M 1999 Stress and cognition are corticosteroids good or bad guys Trends in neurosciences 22 422 426 De Kloet ER Reul JMHM amp Sutanto W 1990 Corticosteroids and the brain The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 37 387 394 De Kloet ER van d V amp de Wied D 1974 The site of the suppressive action of dexamethason
23. Use the same name for the directory as was used as a subject identifier It is best to backup the original 5fs AMS data files as soon as possible extension 5fs discriminates the version 5fs AMS data files from the ams files generated by previous versions If the recording has been interrupted by the experimenter or by the subject multiple 5fs files with different start times will be generated Use the AmsMerge tool to concatenate the 5fs files into a single 5fs file that spans the entire recording Interruptions will be marked in this file as hold continue periods Processing VU AMS 5fs data To further process the data you need to convert the raw 5fs AMS data files to a format of choice using the AmsPreProcessor program Different formats are supported including Biopac ASCII EDF and EDF The default is to convert the files to the xj native VU AMS format Native format creates a different file for each of the signals which is visible in the file name e g 0603001_03131202 DZ bch 0603001_03131202 DZDT bch 0603001_03131202 ECG bch File size 357870 bytes Subject ID 0603001 0603001_03131202SMYA bch mva Stopped at 2007 02 13 12 05 39 0603001_03131202 SCL bch a Pea a 0603001_03131202 Z0 bch 00 DZ Ohm 1000Hz 0603001_03131202 amsinv te sc 5 eine The binary amsinv AMS inventory file 04 OMA g O tHe indicates the exact times of event button pushes and restarts After conversion to native
24. categories Change the command syntax accordingly i e change Si posture physical activity location social to the appropriate description of the categories you used to label the data CHECKS OF LABELING IN AMSGRA hkdh NERA keda Carefully check the frequency distribution of the labels used Identify the problematic frequencies and go back to the original diary data where needed to resolve this FREQUENCIES VARIABLES posture physical activity location social ORDER ANALYSIS Test for events that are unlike to happen e g watching television while using public transportation being asleep while driving a car etc If they occur check the original diaries whether a false entry was made during labeling and resolve this 223 CROSSTABS TABLES activity BY posture FORMAT AVALUE TABLES CELLS COUNT EXECUTE CROSSTABS TABLES physical BY posture FORMAT AVALUE TABLES CELLS COUNT EXECUTE CROSSTABS TABLES physical BY location FORMAT AVALUE TABLES CELLS COUNT EXECUTE CROSSTABS TABLES social BY location FORMAT AVALUE TABLES CELLS COUNT EXECUTE REMOVING EMPTY LAB Eee eRe eee ee Be aE REY EERE RENAE AEE RE NEN Remove labeled periods that have no physiological data This occurs in between hold and continues SELECT IF hramin 0 SELECT IF hra gt 1 EXECUTE OUTLIER DETECTION AAEREN EEEE IN RRM ENE NEE REN NRA RENE RENEE Check whether your physiological vari
25. from a single device Data is stored on Compact Flash memory cards Storage capacities of 1 gigabyte and higher make it possible to record all raw signals at their highest sampling rates for at least 24 hours and up to 72 hours at typical sampling rates The VU AMS 5fs uses two standard AA type batteries This makes it possible to use high capacity rechargeable NiMh batteries Recordings of up to 48 hours are possible when using 2600mAh types without changing batteries Longer recordings are possible with additional batteries The memory cards allow repeated replacement of the batteries without any data loss e An infrared interface cable connects the VU AMS device to the PC for online monitoring serial RS232 or USB ports Changes from the older 4 6 version The new 5fs version stores the complete ECG dZ signals allowing a higher sampling frequency form 250 to 1000 Hz and increased sampling resolution 16 bit In combination with improved filtering techniques this increases the signal to noise ratio and allows greatly improved offline analysis and artifact correction strategies Batteries can now be changed without data loss For backward compatibility a special data conversion program is available to convert the new data files back to the old 4 6 file format This makes it possible to use the original VU AMS analysis software package AMSGRA AMSRES AMSIMP to label data and interactively score parameters like heart rate pre eje
26. gestopt Beste Gonneke ook jouw bijdrage was van essentieel belang voor het tot stand komen van dit proefschrift Bedankt voor jouw kritische blik precisie en hulp bij de laatste loodjes Mijn dank gaat ook uit naar alle proefpersonen zonder wie ik dit onderzoek niet had kunnen doen Also would like to thank the members of the reading committee prof W st prof van Doornen dr Tulen dr Riese en prof Oosterlaan for their willingness to invest their time into my thesis Het gebruiken van apparaten tijdens onderzoek of practica gaat natuurlijk altijd gepaard met allerlei onvoorspelbare problemen Draadbreuken verloren data slechte signalen en nog duizend andere probleempjes hebben de revue gepasseerd Zonder Paul Groot en Jarik den Hartog de VU AMS experts was er al heel wat in de soep gelopen Heel erg bedankt voor jullie altijd snelle hulp en deskundigheid Naast de belangrijke wetenschappelijk steun van collega s is zeker ook de gezelligheid een belangrijk element van een prettige werksfeer Hiervoor wil ik de afdeling bedanken en in het specifiek mijn kamergenoten Nina bedankt voor het wegwijs maken met de VU AMS en het leren van de fijne kneepjes van het scoren van het impedantie signaal maar zeker ook voor de gezelligheid Ik voel me nog vereerd dat ik je als paranimf heb mogen bijstaan tijdens jouw promotie Na een tijdje alleen op een kamer te hebben gezeten werd ik ingedeeld op een kamer met Chantal en Marijn Twee gewe
27. i e change m posture 124 128 F physical 129 132 F activity 133 136 F si location 137 140 F social 141 144 F to the appropriate description of the categories you used to label the data HHA Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He Fe KI IIR III RII IRI IRI IR IIIS III III III III III IIIS III ke ke ke ke ke ke ke WARNING FOR POTENTIAL PROBLEMS The largest problem that arises during the GET DATA statement is that the input has a comma notation for floating point notation e g 8 03 whereas SPSS expects a dot notation 8 03 or vice versa When the need arises In the control panel of Windows select regional and language options customize and set the decimal symbol for numbers to dot kkkkk READING AN INDIVIDUAL IAR FILE nnen TITLE PROCESSING VU AMS IAR FILES CREATED WITH AMSIMP DATA LIST FILE WD FILE ar fixed records 1 1 subject 1 8 F ensemble_no 9 15 F block 16 22 F strtdate 24 31 edate strttime 33 40 time PEP 41 46 F dZdt_min 47 52 F incisura 53 58 F ZO 59 65 2 IBI 66 71 F amp_upstroke 72 77 F amp_dzdtmin 78 83 F amp_inci 84 89 F LVET 90 95 F Rw_dZdT 96 101 F SV 102 109 F heather 110 117 F Accepted 119 A label 120 123 F posture 124 128 F physical 129 132 F activity 133 136 F location 137 140 F social 141 144 F EXECUTE FORMATS pep TO heather F8 2 An error in your output file indicating that the string N A cannot be read in the labelno
28. modulation of beta adrenergic receptors of cultured rat arterial smooth muscle cells Hypertension 12 393 398 Jokkel G Bonyhay amp Kollai M 1995 Heart rate variability after complete autonomic blockade in man Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 51 85 89 Julien C 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 684 Kamarck TW Jennings JR Debski TT Glickman Weiss E Johnson PS Eddy MJ Manuck SB 1992 Reliable measures of behaviorally evoked cardiovascular reactivity from a PC based test battery results from student and community samples Psychophysiology 29 17 28 Kamarck TW Jennings JR Stewart CJ Eddy MJ 1993 Reliable responses to a cardiovascular reactivity protocol a replication study in a biracial female sample Psychophysiology 30 627 634 Kamarck TW amp Lovallo WR 2003 Cardiovascular Reactivity to Psychological Challenge Conceptual and Measurement Considerations Psychosomatic Medicine 65 9 21 Kamarck TW Schwartz JE Janicki DL Shiffman S amp Raynor DA 2003 Correspondence between laboratory and ambulatory measures of cardiovascular reactivity a multilevel modeling approach Psychophysiology 40 675 683 Kamiya A Hayano J Kawada T Michikami D Yamamoto K Ariumi H Shimizu S Uemura K Miyamoto T Aiba T Sunagawa K amp Sugimachi M 2005 Low frequency oscillation of sympathetic nerve activ
29. period the standard deviation of the average HRs found in this period the mean of all 30 second msd scores found in this labeled period The same 30 second fragment by default that is used to compute the average heart rate is used to compute the Mean Square of Successive Differences in interbeat interval in ms The latter index of heart rate variability may be used to get a quick impression of vagal tone Again make sure to note that we have no information on the number or the integrity of IBls constituting the mssd the number of average HRs and thus msds found in this labeled period the lowest msd found in this period Yuck A bug in AMSGRA up to version 4 4 sometimes produces negative values here See below on how to deal with this the highest msd found in this period the variance in the msds found in this period the standard deviation of the msds found in this period the average of all motility scores found in this labeled period Each motility score represents the sum of vertical acceleration over a 30 s period 30 seconds is thedefault you may have changed it even independently of the period for heart rate averaging but the same principle will apply the number of 30 s motility scores found in this labeled period motility during the 30 second fragment with lowest motility motility during the 30 second fragment with highest motility the variance in the motility scores found in this period the standard d
30. pharmacological blockades Psychophysiology 31 599 608 Berntson GG Cacioppo JT amp Fieldstone A 1996 Illusions arithmetic and the bidirectional modulation of vagal control of the heart Biological Psychology 44 1 17 Berntson GG Lozano DL amp Chen YJ 2005 Filter properties of root mean square successive difference RMSSD for heart rate Psychophysiology 42 246 252 Betito K Diorio J Meaney MJ amp Boksa P 1992 Adrenal phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase induction in relation to glucocorticoid receptor dynamics evidence that acute exposure to high cortisol levels is sufficient to induce the enzyme Journal of neurochemistry 58 1853 1862 Betito K Mitchell JB Bhatnagar S Boksa P amp Meaney MJ 1994 Regulation of the adrenomedullary catecholaminergic system after mild acute stress The American journal of physiology 267 R212 R220 Bhan AK amp Scheuer J 1972 Effects of physical training on cardiac actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity The American journal of physiology 223 1486 1490 Bigger JT Jr Fleiss JL Rolnitzky LM amp Steinman RC 1992a Stability over time of heart period variability in patients with previous myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias The CAPS and ESVEM investigators Am J Cardiol 69 718 723 Bigger JT Jr Fleiss JL Rolnitzky LM amp Steinman RC 1993 Frequency domain measures of heart period variability to assess risk late after myocardial infarct
31. since labeling accuracy is 220 kk usually not more than 30 s label 1 n Here a number of labeling categories may be read the exact number kk hramean kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk k k hra hramin hramax hravar hrasd msdmean k k kk kk kk k k kk msd kk msdmin kk k k msdmax msdvar msdsd motmean kk kk kk kk mot motmin motmax motvar motsd ibimean kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk kk ibi ibimin ibimax ibivar ibisd depends on the configuration of your label cfg file the mean of the average HRs found in this labeled period Yes this is an average of averages Each 30 seconds by default an average heart rate is computed from all interbeat intervals IBIs found in that period The variable hrmean gives the mean of these averages over the entire labeled period Please note that we have no information on the number or the integrity of IBls constituting the 30 s average HR Note that 30 seconds is the default you may have changed it but the same principle will apply To get the complete IBI time series you can convert the AMS file to an ascii file containing all ibi s by AMSASC the number of average HRs found in this labeled period the lowest average HR found in this period the highest average HR found in this period the variance in the average HRs found in this
32. time intervals in heart failure in man Circulation 37 149 159 Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2007 Genome wide association study of 14 000 cases of seven common diseases and 3 000 shared controls Nature 447 7145 661 78 Wiklund U Akay M amp Niklasson U 1997 Short term analysis of heart rate variability by adapted wavelet transforms IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 16 113 8 138 Wilhelm FH Roth WT amp Sackner MA 2003 The lifeShirt An advanced system for ambulatory measurement of respiratory and cardiac function Behav Modif 27 671 691 Willemsen G Ring C Carroll D Evans P Clow A amp Hucklebridge F 1998 Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic and cold pressor Psychophysiology 35 252 259 Willemsen GH de Geus EJ Klaver CH van Doornen LJ amp Carroll D 1996 Ambulatory monitoring of the impedance cardiogram Psychophysiology 33 184 193 Williams PT 2001 Physical fitness and activity as separate heart disease risk factors a meta analysis Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33 754 761 Wilson TE Cui J amp Crandall CG 2001 Absence of arterial baroreflex modulation of skin sympathetic activity and sweat rate during whole body heating in humans Journal of Physiology London 536 615 623 Winzer A Ring C Carroll D Willemsen G Drayson M amp Kendall M 1999 Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular reactions to mental arithmetic cold presso
33. 1997 Psychological stress and the progression of carotid artery disease Journal of Hypertension 15 49 55 Bartels M de Geus EJC Kirschbaum C Sluyter F amp Boomsma DI 2003 Heritability of daytime cortisol levels in children Behavior Genetics 33 421 433 Barton C March S amp Wittert GA 2002 The low dose dexamethasone suppression test effect of time of administration and dose Journal of endocrinological investigation 25 RC10 RC12 Beck AT Erbaugh J Ward CH Mock J amp Mendelsohn M 1961 An Inventory for Measuring Depression Archives of general psychiatry 4 561 amp 182 Ben Lamine S Calabrese P Perrault H Dinh TP Eberhard A amp Benchetrit G 2004 Individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286 H2305 H2313 Bernardi L amp Sleight P 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 686 Berntson GG Bigger JT Jr Eckberg DL Grossman P Kaufmann PG Malik M Nagaraja HN Porges SW Saul JP Stone PH amp van der Molen MW 1997 Heart rate variability origins methods and interpretive caveats Psychophysiology 34 623 648 Berntson GG Cacioppo JT Binkley PF Uchino BN Quigley KS amp Fieldstone A 1994 Autonomic cardiac control Ill Psychological stress and cardiac response in autonomic space as revealed by
34. 2001 Psychological cardiovascular and metabolic correlates of individual differences in cortisol stress recovery in young men Psychoneuroendocrinology 26 375 391 Sacknoff DM Gleim GW Stachenfeld N amp Coplan NL 1994 Effect of Athletic Training on Heart Rate Variability American Heart Journal 127 1275 1278 Saito M Foldager N Mano T Iwase S Sugiyama Y amp Oshima M 1997 Sympathetic control of hemodynamics during moderate head up tilt in human subjects Environmental Medicine 41 151 155 Sakakibara M Takeuchi S amp Hayano J 1994 Effect of relaxation training on cardiac parasympathetic tone Psychophysiology 31 223 228 Sakaue M amp Hoffman BB 1991 Glucocorticoids induce transcription and expression of the alpha 1B adrenergic receptor gene in DTT1 MF 2 smooth muscle cells The Journal of clinical investigation 88 385 389 Salomon K Matthews KA amp Allen MT 2000 Patterns of sympathetic and parasympathetic reactivity in a sample of children and adolescents Psychophysiology 37 842 849 Sandercock GRH Bromley PD amp Brodie DA 2005 Effects of exercise on heart rate variability Inferences from meta analysis Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37 433 439 Sapolsky RM 2003 Stress and plasticity in the limbic system Neurochemical research 28 1735 1742 Sapolsky RM Romero LM amp Munck AU 2000 How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses Integrating permissive suppressive st
35. 90 Heart rate variability before and after myocardial 191 infarction in conscious dogs at high and low risk of sudden death J Am Coll Cardiol 16 978 985 lacono WG Peloquin LJ Lykken DT Haroian KP Valentine RH amp Tuason VB 1984 Electrodermal Activity in Euthymic Patients with Affective Disorders One Year Retest Stability and the Effects of Stimulus Intensity and Significance Journal of Abnormal Psychology 93 304 311 Ice GH Katz Stein A Himes J amp Kane RL 2004 Diurnal cycles of salivary cortisol in older adults Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 355 370 Imaki T Xiao Quan W Shibasaki T Yamada K Harada S Chikada N Naruse M amp Demura H 1995 Stress induced activation of neuronal activity and corticotropin releasing factor gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus is modulated by glucocorticoids in rats The Journal of clinical investigation 96 231 238 Iwasaki Ki Zhang R Zuckerman JH amp Levine BD 2003 Dose response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults how much training for what benefit Journal of Applied Physiology 95 1575 1583 Jacobs SC Friedman R Parker JD Tofler GH Jimenez AH Muller JE Benson H amp Stone PH 1994 Use of skin conductance changes during mental stress testing as an index of autonomic arousal in cardiovascular research American Heart Journal 128 1170 1177 Jazayeri A amp Meyer WJ 1988 Glucocorticoid
36. ABLE LABEL enddate end date of the labeled period in dd mm yy VARIABLE LABEL strttime start time of the labeled period in hh mm ss VARIABLE LABEL endtime end time of the labeled period in hh mm ss VARIABLE LABEL hra the number of 30 second average HRs found during this period VARIABLE LABEL hramin the lowest 30 second average HR found during this period VARIABLE LABEL hramax the highest 30 second average HR found during this period VARIABLE LABEL hramean the mean HR across this period VARIABLE LABEL hrasd the standard deviation of the 30 second average HRs found during this period VARIABLE LABEL msdmin the lowest 30 second average RMSSD found during this period VARIABLE LABEL msdmax the highest 30 second average RMSSD found during this period VARIABLE LABEL msdmean the mean RMSSD across this period VARIABLE LABEL msdsd the standard deviation of all 30 second RMSSD averages found in this period VARIABLE LABEL motmin motility during the 30 second fragment in this period with lowest motility VARIABLE LABEL motmax motility during the 30 second fragment in this period with highest motility VARIABLE LABEL motmean the average motility across this period VARIABLE LABEL motsd the standard deviation of all 30 second motility averages found during this period VARIABLE LABEL IBImin IBI in the 30 second fragment with fastest heart rate in this peri
37. AMS format FIRST extract the IBI time series from the ECG signal This is done with the AmsQRS I Insert Subject ID at start of filename Export format AMSSfs native _ ir H H ven program The AmsQRS program displays the anmte cmd El J7 Create a new subfolder for each recording cardiotachogram of the complete recording ENEN in the top panel and the raw ECG signal in _ omeemestmis zn the lower panel The middle panel also displays the cardiotachogram but only for the interval selected in the top panel 211 if 0603001 _03131202 beat AMsQRS EX File Edit View Help Ose els Bele 2 E 750 V V m 500 01 17 00 01 1710 01 17 20 01 17 30 ordo 01 17 50 01 18 00 01 18 10 01 18 20 Vv Vs T T T T T T 01 17 20 01 17 30 01 17 40 time 01 17 50 01 18 00 01 18 10 TBI msec gs 8 en H 01 17 21 01 17 22 cu 17 23 01 17 24 01 17 25 Ready Num 4 Clicking in the top panel will automatically scroll the middle and lower panel to the corresponding point in time Visual inspection of the top panel will rapidly identify spikes which can occur because an R wave was missed and or a T wave was used instead The spikes can be corrected in the lower window by dragging the cursor to the correct R wave peak A single left click in the ECG panel will automatically insert a new R peak cursor at the selected location A single right click on an
38. Bigger JT Bloomfield DM amp Steinman RC 1997 Physical fitness as a determinant of vagal modulation Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 29 812 817 Goldsmith RL Bigger JT Steinman RC amp Fleiss JL 1992 Comparison of 24 Hour Parasympathetic Activity in Endurance Trained and Untrained Young Men Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20 552 558 Goldsmith RL Bloomfield DM amp Rosenwinkel ET 2000 Exercise and autonomic function Coronary Artery Disease 11 129 135 Goldstein DS 1995 Clinical assessment of sympathetic responses to stress Stress 771 570 593 Goldstein DS Grossman E Armando Wolfovitz E Folio CJ Holmes C amp Keiser HR 1993 Correlates of Urinary Excretion of Catechols in Humans Biogenic Amines 10 3 17 Goldstein DS Mccarty R Polinsky RJ amp Kopin IJ 1983 Relationship Between Plasma Norepinephrine and Sympathetic Neural Activity Hypertension 5 552 559 Goldstein IB Shapiro D amp Guthrie D 2006 Ambulatory blood pressure and family history of hypertension in healthy men and women Am J Hypertens 19 486 491 Goodyer IM Herbert J Altham PME Pearson J Secher SM amp Shiers HM 1996 Adrenal secretion during major depression in 8 to 16 year olds 1 Altered diurnal rhythms in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA at presentation Psychological Medicine 26 245 256 Grassi G amp Esler M 1999 How to assess sympathetic activity in humans Journ
39. Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 685 Chan GS Middleton PM Celler BG Wang L Lovell NH 2007 Change in pulse transit time and pre ejection period during head up tilt induced progressive central hypovolaemia J Clinical Monitoring Computing 21 5 283 93 Chrousos GP amp Gold PW 1992 The concepts of stress and stress system disorders Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association 267 1244 1252 Cogliati C Colombo S Ruscone TG Gruosso D Porta A Montano N Malliani A amp Furlan R 2004 Acute beta blockade increases muscle sympathetic activity and modifies its frequency distribution Circulation 110 2786 2791 Cohen MA amp Tan CO 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 686 Cole MA Kim PJ Kalman BA amp Spencer RL 2000 Dexamethasone suppression of corticosteroid secretion evaluation of the site of action by receptor measures and functional studies Psychoneuroendocrinology 25 151 167 Collins S Caron MG amp Lefkowitz RJ 1988 Beta adrenergic receptors in hamster smooth muscle cells are transcriptionally regulated by glucocorticoids Journal of Biological Chemistry 263 9067 9070 Cooke WH Hoag JB Crossman AA Kuusela TA Tahvanainen KUO amp Eckberg DL
40. E AMBULATORY BREATH TO BREATH RR RSA AND IBI DATA DATA LIST FILE DIRY FILE rsr FIXED RECORDS 1 subject 1 7 breath 8 15 bbb 16 22 date 23 31 DATE time 33 40 TIME insp 41 46 exp 47 52 shortibi 53 58 longibi 59 64 rr 65 70 2 rsa 71 76 ibi 77 82 rrrsa_corr 83 90 4 DzMinr 91 98 4 DzMaxr 99 106 4 dzMinf 107 114 4 dzMaxf 115 122 4 reject 124 a labelnr 125 128 posture 129 133 physical 134 137 activity 138 141 location 142 145 social 146 149 EXECUTE OUTLIER DETECTION ASMAA OEE Ie RAEN ER ENE R EN NRA LE EME RENEE Now we apply various selection criteria to remove nonreliable data for this subject Exact documentation of the data loss after each selection is done with the cases_1 cases_n variables COMPUTE cases_1 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_1 Total number of breaths AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_1 MAX cases_1 The first two breaths at the beginning of the signal have to rejected because the FIR filter needs some samples to start up SELECT IF breath gt 2 SELECT IF labelnr gt 0 EXECUTE 228 COMPUTE cases_2 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_2 Excluding the unlabeled parts of the recording AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_2 MAX cases_2 With this statement we exclude all breaths that have been rejected in AmsRes For rejection criteria see the AMSRES
41. EL Accepted During visual scoring you interactively set this variable to A accepted R REJECTED or C CORRECTED EXECUTE kk VALUE AND VARIABLE LABELING piaia geparin i aii iiai ai iaaiiai Use an INCLUDE FILE to supply the correct variable and value labels for all of the numerical codes used when labeling the AMS file with AMSGRA Note that the file name needs to be changed to the name of your study specific include file that you prepared before running this job In the example below the include file supplies VARIABLE names and VALUES for posture physical load type of the activity location and social situation This may of course be different in your include file Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He e He e He He e ke e ke e e e e e ke e ke ke ke e ke e ke ke ke ke ke INCLUDE WD LABELF sps REMOVING REJECTED DATA viae a a a a a aR Remove data that was rejected during interactive visual scoring SELECT IF accepted NE R EXECUTE CALCULATIONS SECTION eee eee NAS ARE EE RERAER EN ENE LEH We compute Stroke Volume by the Kubicek formula Kubicek 1966 SVkubi rho L L Z0 ZO dZ dt max LVET rho 135 ohm s L defined above 70 average thorax impedance in the ensemble average Cardiac output is computed as SV Heart rate SVb follows the offi
42. MacCallum RC Kim CT Andersen BL amp Glaser R 2002 When fit indices and residuals are incompatible Psychol Methods 7 403 421 Buchheit M Simon C Charloux A Doutreleau S Piquard F amp Brandenberger G 2005 Heart rate variability and intensity of habitual physical activity in middle aged persons Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37 1530 1534 Burgess HJ Penev PD Schneider R amp Van Cauter E 2004 Estimating cardiac autonomic activity during sleep impedance cardiography spectral analysis and Poincare plots Clinical Neurophysiology 115 19 28 Burgess HJ Trinder J Kim Y amp Luke D 1997 Sleep and circadian influences on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273 1761 1768 Burleson MH Poehlmann KM Hawkley LC Ernst JM Berntson GG Malarkey WB Kiecolt Glaser JK Glaser R amp Cacioppo JT 2003 Neuroendocrine and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in mid aged and older women long term temporal consistency of individual differences Psychophysiology 40 358 369 Burnley M Wilkerson DP amp Jones AM 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 683 Burr RL 2007 Interpretation of normalized spectral heart rate variability indices in sleep research A critical review Sleep 30 913 919 Buss AH amp Durkee A 1957 An inventory for assessing differe
43. REREEREL NERO VARIABLE LABEL strtdate start date of the labeled period in dd mm yy VARIABLE LABEL enddate end date of the labeled period in dd mm yy VARIABLE LABEL strttime start time of the labeled period in hh mm ss VARIABLE LABEL endtime end time of the labeled period in hh mm ss VARIABLE LABEL mrsa aggregated RSA ms across all breaths in the label not including zero VARIABLE LABEL mrsa0 aggregated RSA ms across all breaths in the label including zero VARIABLE LABEL mibi aggregated IBI across all breaths in the label ms VARIABLE LABEL mrr aggregated RR across all breaths in the label breaths per minute VARIABLE LABEL mvt aggregated Vt across all breaths in the label arbitrary units VARIABLE LABEL sdrsa SD of RSA across all breaths in the label RSA not including zeros VARIABLE LABEL sdrsa0 SD of RSA across all breaths in the label RSA including zeros VARIABLE LABEL sdibi SD of IBI across all breaths in the label VARIABLE LABEL sdrr SD of RR across all breaths in the label VARIABLE LABEL sdvt SD of Vt across all breaths in the label EXECUTE kk VALUE AND VARIABLE LABELING hkdh cnc Use an INCLUDE FILE to supply the correct variable and value labels for all of the numerical codes used when labeling the AMS file with AMSGRA Note that the file name needs to be changed to the name of your study specific include file that yo
44. Save your icg outfile now All _amsimp sav files can be added in an additional job to make one final ICG datafile including all your subjects Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He e He e e He ke e e e ke ke e ke ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke SAVE OUTFILE WD FILE _amsimp sav KEEP subject ensemble_no strtdate strttime ZO L PEP LVET IBI Heather Heather_kelsey SV SVb HR CO COb label posture physical activity location social 240 List of publications 242 Papers Goedhart AD Kupper N Willemsen G Boomsma DI de Geus EJC 2006 Temporal stability of ambulatory stroke volume and cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography Biological Psychology 72 110 117 Goedhart AD van der Sluis S Houtveen JH Willemsen G de Geus EJC 2007 Comparison of time and frequency domain measures of RSA in ambulatory recordings Psychophysiology 44 2 203 215 Goedhart AD Bakker F de Vries M Kreft J de Geus EJC revision submitted No effects of two weeks of detraining on ambulatory measures of cardiac autonomic control Journal of Psychophysiology Goedhart AD Willemsen G Hoogendijk WJG van Weissenbruch MM de Geus EJC submitted No evidence for permissive effects of the early morning cortisol rise on daytime sympathetic and cardiovascular reactivity to stress Biologic
45. UTFILE COMMANDS MUST BE CHANGED TO CORRESPOND TO YOUR OWN FILENAMES AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURE THIS CAN BE DONE BY CHANGING THE DEFINE STATEMENTS AT THE START OF THIS JOB kk EEE PROJECT SPECIFIC LABELING Sterren ee ee ea een eee The job text below assume that you used the following categories to label the data posture a code stating the dominant posture during that period 10 levels physical load a code indicating the level of physical load 6 levels activity type of activity the subject is engaged in 24 levels location a code for the location of the subject 9 levels social situation indicating the social situation the subject is in 8 levels This is unlikely to correspond to your own categories Change the command syntax accordingly i e change posture 47 51 F5 0 physical 52 55 F4 0 activity 56 59 F4 0 location 60 63 F4 0 social 64 67 F4 0 kk to the appropriate description of the categories you used to label the data Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He e He he He He ke e e ke e e ke e e ke e ke ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke WARNING FOR POTENTIAL PROBLEMS The largest problem that arises during the GET DATA statement is that the input has a comma notation for floating point notation e g 8 03 whereas SPSS expects a dot notation 8 03 or vice versa W
46. ZO should always stay within an 8 to 20 Ohm range The dZ signal should reflect deep breathing clearly In the ICG the typical waveform of the cardiac ejection phase NOTE In ambulatory should be clearly detectable Light movement of the paradigms this is your only subject should not overly distort it If these criteria are opportunity to re attach not met re attach the electrodes in the order faulty electrodes 7 6 1 3 4 5 2 until satisfactory signals are obtained When satisfied start data recording by pressing the start button A beep will be heard to acknowledge the start of the recording and the green light will start flashing once every three seconds You may now disconnect the VU AMS device from the interface Synchronize the watch of the subject to the exact time of your VU AMS for optimally time locked self report diary and physiological data At the end of the recording the measurement is stopped by pressing the event button for three seconds You may now disconnect the lead wire plug s from the connector s and the lead wires from the electrodes The subjects can also do this themselves at home at a designated time Once the device is returned to you check if the measurement is stopped the light flashes twice every ten seconds or not at all in case the batteries are discharged remove the 210 batteries and place the Compact Flash Card in the reader unit Copy the AMS files to a designated directory
47. a A Betterle C Boscaro M amp Sonino N 1994 24 hour blood pressure profile in Addison s disease American Journal of Hypertension 7 1105 1109 Federenko Wust S Hellhammer DH Dechoux R Kumsta R amp Kirschbaum C 2004 Free cortisol awakening responses are influenced by awakening time Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 174 184 Feldman S amp Weidenfeld J 2002 Further evidence for the central effect of dexamethasone at the hypothalamic level in the negative feedback mechanism Brain research 958 291 296 Foster KG amp Weiner JS 1970 Effects of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Blocking Agents on Activity of Eccrine Sweat Glands Journal of Physiology London 210 883 895 Fowles DC 1986 The Eccrine System and Electrodermal Activity In Coles MGH Donchin E amp Porges SW Eds Psychophysiology Systems Processes and Applications New York The Guilford Press Fowles DC Christie MJ Edelberg R Grings WW Lykken DT amp Venables PH 1981 Committee report Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements Psychophysiology 18 232 239 Fox K Borer JS Camm AJ Danchin N Ferrari R Sendon JLL Steg PG Tardif JC Tavazzi L amp Tendera M 2007 Resting heart rate in cardiovascular disease Journal of the American College of Cardiology 50 823 830 Franchimont D Kino T Galon J Meduri GU amp Chrousos G 2002 Glucocorticoids and inflammation revisited The state of the art Neuroimmunomodulation 10 247
48. ables remain within their plausible physiological range HRAMEAN the average HR 35 200 bpm HRAMIN the lowest HR 30 180 bpm HRAMAX the highest HR 50 240 bpm HRASD HR standard deviation 1 25 bpm MOTMEAN average motility of subject device dependent MOTMIN lowest motility device dependent MOTMAX highest motility device dependent MOTSD standard deviation device dependent MSDMEAN the average MSSD 3 195 MSDMIN lowest MSSD 0 200 MSDMAX highest MSSD 5 550 MSDSD MSSD standard deviation 0 90 This is a topic that is subject to personal opinion you must ultimately decide how to deal with outliers yourself FREQUENCIES VARIABLES HRAMEAN HRASD HRAMAX HRAMIN MSDMEAN MSDSD MSDMAX MSDMIN FORMAT LIMIT 1 PERCENTILES 5 95 STATISTICS STDDEV VARIANCE RANGE MINIMUM MAXIMUM MEAN HISTOGRAM NORMAL EXECUTE 224 Generic exclusion criteria SELECT IF 35 lt HRAMEAN lt 200 SELECT IF MSDMAX lt 550 SELECT IF MSDMIN lt 200 SELECT IF 1 lt HRASD lt 25 EXECUTE Project specific exclusion criteria FILL IN AS REQUIRED EXECUTE HAKKAR KIKI Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IIR IIR III IRI III III III III IIIS IIIS IIIS IIIS IIIS ke ke ke ke SAVING DATA ttt hetee tede ededed dedet teede teede t dede e k Ae de k Ae Je ke de Jee dede IIR deedee dekke deedee We happily throw away redundant or unimportant information at this point
49. al Psychology Goedhart AD Houtveen JH de Geus EJC accepted Comparing low frequency heart rate variability and pre ejection period two sides of a different coin Psychophysiology Book chapter Goedhart AD Willemsen G de Geus EJC 2008 Sympathetic nervous system activity in the heart and the skin are they comparable In Kaneko M Ed Sympathetic Nervous System Research Developments New York Nova Science publishers 243 244 Dankwoord Nu 4 jaar na het begin van mijn promotie traject is het tijd geworden om de laatste bladzijde van mijn proefschrift te schrijven Dit is de gelegenheid om de mensen die allen op hun eigen manier een bijdrage hebben geleverd aan dit proefschrift te bedanken Dit proefschrift zou niet tot stand zijn gekomen zonder de hulp van mijn promotor en copromotor prof de Geus en dr Willemsen Beste Eco ik voel me bevoorrecht met jou als begeleider Zonder jouw wetenschappelijke inzicht inspiratie en enthousiasme was dit proefschrift nooit zo geworden als het nu is De openheid en humor heb ik erg gewaardeerd als ook de manier waarop je mij begeleid hebt De deur stond altijd open om vragen te stellen en commentaar op mijn werk was altijd binnen no time geleverd De manier waarop jij onsamenhangende stukken tekst weet om te schrijven tot een pakkend verhaal is verbluffend Heel veel dank voor je dagelijkse begeleiding en alle energie die je in dit proefschrift hebt
50. al implications Hypertension 35 844 851 Verdecchia P Porcellati C Schillaci G Borgioni C Ciucci A Battistelli M Guerrieri M Gatteschi C Zampi amp Santucci A 1994 Ambulatory blood pressure An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension Hypertension 24 793 801 Verdecchia P Schillaci G Borgioni C Ciucci A Pede S amp Porcellati C 1998 Ambulatory pulse pressure a potent predictor of total cardiovascular risk in hypertension Hypertension 32 983 988 Verdecchia P Schillaci G Reboldi G Franklin SS amp Porcellati C 2001 Ambulatory monitoring for prediction of cardiac and cerebral events Blood Press Monit 6 211 215 Vissing SF Scherrer U amp Victor RG 1994 Increase of Sympathetic Discharge to Skeletal Muscle But Not to Skin During Mild Lower Body Negative Pressure in Humans Journal of Physiology London 481 233 241 Vossel G amp Zimmer H 1990 Psychometric Properties of Nonspecific Electrodermal Response Frequency for A Sample of Male Students International Journal of Psychophysiology 10 69 73 204 Vrijkotte TG van Doornen LJ amp de Geus EJ 2000 Effects of work stress on ambulatory blood pressure heart rate and heart rate variability Hypertension 35 880 886 Vrijkotte TG van Doornen LJ amp de Geus EJ 2004 Overcommitment to work is associated with changes in cardiac sympathetic regulation Psychosomatic Medicine 66 656 663 Vrijkotte TGM Ries
51. al of Hypertension 17 719 734 Grossman P 2004 The LifeShirt a multi function ambulatory system monitoring health disease and medical intervention in the real world Stud Health Technol Inform 108 133 141 189 Grossman P Karemaker J amp Wieling W 1991 Prediction of tonic parasympathetic cardiac control using respiratory sinus arrhythmia the need for respiratory control Psychophysiology 28 201 216 Grossman P amp Kollai M 1993 Respiratory sinus arrhythmia cardiac vagal tone and respiration within and between individual relations Psychophysiology 30 486 495 Grossman P van Beek J amp Wientjes C 1990 A comparison of three quantification methods for estimation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia Psychophysiology 27 702 714 Grossman P Wilhelm FH amp Spoerle M 2004 Respiratory sinus arrhythmia cardiac vagal control and daily activity AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287 H728 H734 Grossman P 1992 Respiratory and cardiac rhythms as windows to central and autonomic biobehavioral regulation Selection of window frames keeping the panes clean and viewing the neural topography Biological Psychology 34 131 161 Grunfeld JP amp Eloy L 1987 Glucocorticoids modulate vascular reactivity in the rat Hypertension 10 608 618 Guasti L Simoni C Mainardi L Crespi C Cimpanelli M Klersy C Gaudio G Grandi AM Cerutti S amp Venco A 2005 Global link between heart rate and blo
52. ariable and value labels for the categories of your labeled periods We also define the electrode distance between the measurement electrodes for this specific individual default 20 DEFINE WD C Your_full_directory_tree ENDDEFINE DEFINE FILE Your_file_for_subject_1 ENDDEFINE DEFINE Electrode_distance 20 TENDDEFINE DEFINE LABELF label VAR amp VALUES your_project ENDDEFINE Se ATT ENT ON A AeA edee dedet tede e dedede te deee te Bede teste Aee le Ae de k Hede ke de Aee de Ae IIIT IIIT TIT Although this job is fairly generic it may need some adjustments to fit your data Search for the sections labeled with to bring this job in accordance with the protocol of your specific study and your own wishes regarding data handling what to save and what not HIKE Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IH Fe Fe IKI IIR II IRI IR III III IIIS edele He He e e e ke e e e e ke e e ke ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke SCRIPT HISTORY 22233 tiie te tede deste dede te edee aT dek de Jede TIT IIIT te dedelete Eco de Geus Version 13 02 1996 Adjusted for A dam Work Stress studies Tanja Vrijkotte amp Harriette Riese 1997 Adjusted for NETAMB Nina Kupper 2004 SV parameter computation added Annebet Goedhart 2005 Lay out amp Logic update Eco de Geus amp Annebet Goedhart July 2007 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ENAINT ANEN AR ORAL RE NER NER N RRR NK This is an SPSS syntax script for SPSS for windows ver
53. cardiac autonomic control in high level athletes Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30 691 696 Boomsma DI Beem AL van den Berg M Dolan CV Koopmans JR Vink JM de Geus EJ amp Slagboom PE 2000 Netherlands twin family study of anxious depression NETSAD Twin Res 3 323 334 Bouchard C amp Rankinen T 2001 Individual differences in response to regular physical activity Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33 S 446 S451 Boucsein W 1992 Electrodermal Activity New York Plenum Press Boutcher SH amp Stein P 1995 Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Training Response in Sedentary Middle Aged Men European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 70 75 80 Brod J Fencl V Hejl Z Jirka AJ 1959 Circulatory changes underlying blood pressure elevation during acute emotional stress mental arithmetic in normotensive and hypertensive subjects Clinical Science 18 269 279 Brodde OE Bruck H amp Leineweber K 2006 Cardiac adrenoceptors Physiological and pathophysiological relevance Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 100 323 337 Broderick JE Arnold D Kudielka BM amp Kirschbaum C 2004 Salivary cortisol sampling compliance comparison of patients and healthy volunteers Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 636 650 Brotman DJ Walker E Lauer MS amp O Brien RG 2005 In search of fewer independent risk factors Archives of Internal Medicine 165 138 145 Browne MW
54. chards JC Lambert G Esler MD 2006 Psychophysiological mechanisms in panic disorder a correlative analysis of noradrenaline spillover neuronal noradrenaline reuptake power spectral analysis of heart rate variability and psychological variables Psychosomatic Medicine 68 1 8 16 Alvarez GE Halliwill JR Ballard TP Beske SD amp Davy KP 2005 Sympathetic neural regulation in endurance trained humans fitness vs fatness Journal of Applied Physiology 98 498 502 Ando M Katare RG Kakinuma Y Zhang D Yamasaki F Muramoto K amp Sato T 2005 Efferent vagal nerve stimulation protects heart against ischemia induced arrhythmias by preserving connexin43 protein Circulation 112 164 170 Arai Y Saul JP Albrecht P Hartley LH Lilly LS Cohen RJ amp Colucci WS 1989 Modulation of Cardiac Autonomic Activity During and Immediately After Exercise American Journal of Physiology 256 H132 H141 Aubert AE Seps B amp Beckers F 2003 Heart rate variability in athletes Sports Medicine 33 889 919 Barnes VA Johnson MH Dekkers JC amp Treiber FA 2002 Reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure measures in African American adolescents Ethnicity amp Disease 12 S3 S6 Barnes VA Johnson MH amp Treiber FA 2004 Temporal stability of twenty four hour ambulatory hemodynamic bioimpedance measures in African American adolescents Blood Pressure Monitoring 9 173 177 Barnett PA Spence JD Manuck SB amp Jennings JR
55. cial stroke volume computation It will differ from the SV computed by AMSIMP for one or two of the reasons below AMSIMP uses the amplitude of dZ dt_min in relation to the zero amplitude at the dZ dt baseline instead of the amplitude at the B point The electrode distance L may not yet have been entered properly during AMSIMP scoring As an alternative stroke volume measure SV can also be computed as SVO In this computation the B point is scored in relation to the dZ dt 0 baseline We have not implemented this formula in the syntax For further information see Goedhart et al 2006 Biol Psych 72 110 117 We also compute the Heather index by the Kelsey formula Kelsey proposed to scale the dZ dt_min amplitude to total Z before computing the HI Heather _kelsey SVb_amp Z0 dzdt min SVb_amp dZ dt amplitude from B point to dz dt_min peak 70 average thorax impedance in the ensemble average dZ dt_min time of the dz dt_min point in reference to Q ONSET COMPUTE L electrode_distance COMPUTE SVb_ampl amp_dzdtmin amp_upstroke COMPUTE SVbamp_x_lvet SVb_ampl lvet 1000 COMPUTE L02Z02 L L Z0 ZO EXECUTE COMPUTE SVb 135 LO2Z02 SVbamp_x_lvet EXECUTE COMPUTE HR 60000 1B1 238 COMPUTE CO SV HR 1000 COMPUTE COb SVb HR 1000 EXECUTE Kelsey proposed to scale the dZ dt min amplitude to total Z before computing the
56. correlation between PEP and SV will mostly be positive 0 2 0 6 The correlations of PEP with IBI 0 2 0 5 and LVET with IBI 0 3 0 7 will also be generally positive For PEP these rules do not always work a failure to find lvet ibi correlations is more alarming If the graph shows a clear outlier in either PEP or LVET it is almost always your scoring that caused it and not physiology Go back to the AMSIMP file for closer inspection If you have doubts about this scoring don t hesitate to ask for another our opinion If you re sure about your scoring ALWAYS let ICG morphology prevail over desirable correlations between PEP and IBI and PEP and LVET Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He Fe III IIR III keke IIIS III IIIS IIIS IIIS IIIS III ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke CORR VAR PEP LVET with IBI SV Heather GRAPH SCATTERPLOT BIVAR SV WITH pep MISSING LISTWISE GRAPH SCATTERPLOT BIVAR ibi WITH pep MISSING LISTWISE GRAPH SCATTERPLOT BIVAR ibi WITH lvet MISSING LISTWISE Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He he He He He He He He He He He e He he He He e e e e ke e e ke ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke 4 AVING DAT A AA eted edee ete deedeedee teede teede k dede e k Ae de ke de Jek dede de dedet de I IIIT RTI seie We happily throw away redundant or unimportant information at this point
57. course 2006 Eco de Geus amp Annebet Goedhart Modified for Rosa project Eco de Geus 01 04 2007 Lay out amp Logic update Annebet Goedhart July 2007 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AAA EEEIEE EIEE EEE REALE EE RET This is a syntax file for SPSS for Windows version 13 INPUT It will read a label dat file with the concatenated LBL files of all subjects label dat files are created by preprocessing individual LBL files with labelmerge exe in DOS see other downloadable files on the VU AMS website labelmerge exe removes the 5 lines of header information at the start of the bl files It then inserts the name of the lbl file at the beginning of each line We assume that this file name acts as a 7 digit subject identifier All processed bl files are then concatenated and the resulting file with extension dat is read in SPSS to make a database of the labeled periods under AMSGRA together with the average motility heart rate and heart rate variability parameters for each of these labeled periods as found in the bl file ACTION The AMSGRA data are read into SPSS LIST OF VARIABLES TO BE READ ppname subject identification strtdate start date of the labeled period in dd mm yy enddate end date of the labeled period in dd mm yy strttime start time of the labeled period in hh mm ss endtime end time of the labeled period in hh mm ss a Don t make too much of seconds here
58. ction period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia 208 Appendix Il User Manual Ambulatory monitoring with the VU AMS version 5fs Requirements Two AA batteries Use 1 2V rechargeable NiMh batteries or non rechargeable 1 5V alkaline batteries Compact flash card External memory card The VU AMS 5fs has been extensively tested with the 1GB 80x Compact Flash card from Transcend TS1GCF80 Other flash cards may work too Compact flash card reader Card reader unit to extract the AMS data from the flash card after recording and to erase the card for a next recording Any brand or built in flash card reader will do Electrodes Seven electrodes are needed for a single recording We use the UltraTrace single use clear tape ECG electrode with Wet Gel Lead wire connector A blue lead wire connector with 7 lead wires is used for the recording of the ECG and thorax impedance Optionally a second yellow connector with two lead wires for skin conductance recording is needed VU AMS 5fs The ambulatory recording device VU AMSi with optional RS232 to USB converter An infrared interface cable that either connects to the RS232 serial port of a PC directly or through an RS232 to USB converter Signal recording Use an empty Flash Card for each new measurement First put the flash card bottom up in the VU AMS and then place two completely charged AA batteries in the battery holder Successful placement is signaled by a beep ton
59. ctory tree ENDDEFINE DEFINE FILE Your file with_all_subjects ENDDEFINE DEFINE LABELF label VAR amp VALUES your _project ENDDEFINE SET PRINTBACK OFF Se ATT ENTON A AeA edee dedet tede e dedede ke deee te Ae de te te Aee de Ae de k He aaa Aee de IIIT IIIT TTT Although this job is fairly generic it may need some adjustments to fit your data Search for the sections labeled with to bring this job in accordance with the protocol of your specific study and your own wishes regarding data handling what to save and what not HHA Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IKI IIR III III II IRI IIR IIIS RII IIIS III III III III IIIS IIIS ke ke ke ke SCRIPT HISTORY sii e tede edee edee teede te IT deke TIT ke Ae deske dedede dedek IIR Eco de Geus Version 13 02 1996 Modified for validation study AMS Portapres by Harriette Riese Modified for applying under SPSSWIN 6 1 Tanja Vrijkotte Harriette Riese Modified for Slotervaartziekenhuis data 25 maart 1997 Harriette Riese Modified for OLVG data 1 7 98 Harriette Riese under SPSS7 5 under windows95 Modified for la nurses data complete 7 4 99 Harriette Riese Modified for FFA insuline 18 07 2002 Harriette Riese SPSS 11 0 Modified for NETSAD 27 11 2002 Harriette Riese SPSS 11 0 Modified for NETSAD 28 03 2003 Nina Kupper SPSS 11 5 Modified for website vu ams 03 02 2004 Nina Kupper SPSS 11 5 Modified for Psychophysiology
60. d IBI The RR RSA and IBI histograms are visually inspected to see whether there are outliers If there are outliers it is advised to return to the AmsRes interface to check a couple of high RSA s to see whether these are based on reliable signal In our view the main reason for distrust of outliers would be the presence of unrejected spikes In other words in case of a good manual scoring in AmsRes outliers of RSA usually are true high RSA s If outliers of RSA are invalid they can be rejected manually in AmsRes A more time efficient but less elegant method would be to exclude these outliers with a selection statement in SPSS instead of a manual rejection in AmsGra In this case the selection statement has to be adjusted to a specific cut off value for each participant This cut off value can be based on a visual check of the RSA histogram this is what we did 800 times or one could exclude a set percentage for all subjects for instance the highest 1 adjust value based on the visual check of the histograms below or to the 99 percentile THIS SET OF STATEMENTS MAY REQUIRE DIFFERENT PARAMETERS IN YOUR SAMPLE FREQUENCIES VARIABLES rr rsa rsazero ibi FORMAT LIMIT 10 PERCENTILES 99 STATISTICS NONE HISTOGRAM NORMAL SELECT IF rr lt 30 SELECT IF MISSING rsa OR rsa lt 250 SELECT IF rsazero lt 300 EXECUTE COMPUTE cases_9 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE ca
61. d out of shortibi and longibi In contrast to the original RSA value values for RSAZERO are set to zero when neg 1 absence of a valid shortibi and or longibi or reverse 1 shortibi gt longibi In our experience a lot of cases of neg 1 or reverse 1 are due to a true low RSA and RSA should be set to zero We also keep the original RSA value RSA For breaths with neg 1 or reverse 1 however RSA is interpreted to be missing and these breaths are excluded DATA LOSS PARAMETERS Outliers are detected in various procedures are removed an indicator of the total data loss caused by each procedure is temporarily added OUTPUT The resulting SAV file will aggregate across labeled periods Each labeled period will considered to be a case Therefore per subject there will be a RSA RR etc for each labeled period These data will be clean FILE AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURE 8 4888828488535 WE ASSUME THAT FILE NAMES ARE EXACTLY 7 CHARACTERS LONG 227 amp REFLECT THE ID OF THE SUBJECT NOTE THAT THE FILENAMES USED IN DATA LIST AND SAVE OUTFILE COMMANDS MUST BE CHANGED TO CORRESPOND TO YOUR OWN FILENAMES AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURE THIS CAN BE DONE BY CHANGING THE DEFINE STATEMENTS AT THE START OF THIS JOB kk AAAA PROJECT SPECIFIC LABELING AENEIS eee NAOT ee ee ERS RES The job text below assume that you used the following categories to label the data
62. d signal min Ohm column 17 width 8 dZ Amplitude filtered signal max Ohm column 18 width 2 Rejected R or accepted A column 19 width 4 label number 0 if N A column 20 width 99 Values in all categories used for labeling integers LIST OF VARIABLES TO BE READ subject Subject ID breath Breath Number lt 22 bbb Beat to beat sequence number starting at 0 date Date Date dd mm yy time Time hh mm ss insp Inspiration time ms exp Expiration time ms shortibi Shortest accelerating inspiration ms longibi Longest decelerating expiration ms rr Respiration Rate ms rsa Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia RSA ms ie 1 undetectable shortest IBI kl 2 undetectable longest IBI a 3 both longest IBI and shortest IBI were undetectable va 4 longest IBI is shorter than the shortest IBI ibi Mean IBI across the duration of the breath ms ibirsa_corr correlation between mean IBI and RSA running average on 30 s dzMinR dZ Amplitude raw signal min Ohm dzMaxRdZ Amplitude raw signal max Ohm dzMinf dZ Amplitude filtered signal min Ohm dZMaxf dZ Amplitude filtered signal max Ohm reject Rejected R or accepted A labelnr label number 0 if N A labels Values in all categories used for labeling integers kk VARIABLES ADDED RSAZERO is calculate
63. de deke ke dee ke dede keke Check for tidal volumes that are extremely deep or shallow Breaths with zero amplitude must always be removed There is usually a tail with very large breaths due to sighs We have not removed these in previous analyses but we grant this is a matter for debate this has been commented out to speed things up A more careful but less automated and slower strategy would leaves this intact kk FREQUENCIES VARIABLES Vt FORMAT LIMIT 10 STATISTICS NONE HISTOGRAM NORMAL SELECT IF Vt gt 0 SELECT IF Vt lt 3 EXECUTE COMPUTE cases_6 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_6 Excluding zero amplitude breaths AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_6 MAX cases_6 With the next statements we will check for inter beat intervals that are extremely short or extremely long First we temporary select longibi gt 0 and shortibi gt 0 so values flagging missing data 1 i e breaths where no valid shoritibi and or longibi could be found are not inadvertedly included this has been commented out to speed things up A more careful but less automated and slower strategy would leaves this intact TEMPORARY SELECT IF longibi gt 0 SELECT IF shortibi gt 0 FREQUENCIES VARIABLES shortibi longibi ibi FORMAT LIMIT 1 PERCENTILES 5 95 STATISTICS NONE HISTOGRAM NORMAL CHECK ttds A
64. device Values Serial number 31 Recording identification 0603001 Hardware revision 41 Start Device software version 5 Battery voltage 2 56 V EEE sat Device state Idle Battery type NiMh ta Time 2007 03 13 11 54 E z Online ICG V distance mm 200 Sampling frequencies TS i 10 5 Ohm Timezone ECG im z Thorax impedance 20 Warnings ICG dz 1 kHz x Skin Conductance SCL 3 3u5 Wannas ICG 20 10 Hz 7 Motility 0 00g Edit config RT ioi E r CompactFlash card Motility 1 10 Hz z Estimated memory usage per hour 13 9MB PCG fore z Memory available 990 6MB Hel Battery Voltage Off hd Estimated recording time left 71 4H The typical sampling frequencies are as shown in the figure AmsConfigure allows you to set sampling frequencies for the various signals You can also disable signals here by setting them to Off When you change the settings make sure to send the settings to the device before closing the screen Attach the electrodes as explained in the instruction leaflet How to attach the VU AMS 5fs Appendix III This instruction leaflet is used by our subjects to re attach the device themselves for instance after taking a shower After connecting the ECG ICG lead wire plug the Online option of the AmsConfigure program can be used to display the ECG ZO dZ and ICG The dZ should be within 0 5 and 0 5 Ohm most of the time
65. diac vagal outflow effects of various respiratory patterns Clin Physiol 21 365 376 Perini R Orizio C Baselli G Cerutti S amp Veicsteinas A 1990 The Influence of Exercise Intensity on the Power Spectrum of Heart Rate Variability European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 61 143 148 Pfennig A Kunzel HE Kern N Ising M Majer M Fuchs B Ernst G Holsboer F amp Binder EB 2005 Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal system regulation and suicidal behavior in depression Biological psychiatry 57 336 342 Pichot V Busso T Roche F Garet M Costes F Duverney D Lacour JR amp Barthelemy JC 2002 Autonomic adaptations to intensive and overload training periods a laboratory study Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 34 1660 1666 Pichot V Gaspoz JM Molliex S Antoniadis A Busso T Roche F Costes F Quintin L Lacour JR amp Barthelemy JC 1999 Wavelet transform to quantify heart rate variability and to assess its instantaneous changes J Appl Physiol 86 1081 1091 Pickering TG amp Devereux RB 1987 Ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure as a predictor of cardiovascular risk Am Heart J 114 925 928 Piepoli MF 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 685 686 Pitzalis MV Mastropasqua F Massari F Forleo C Di Maggio M Passantino A Colombo R Di Biase M amp Rizzon P 1996 Short
66. e The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics Links 128 168 175 Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing 1996 Heart Rate Variability Standards of Measurement Physiological Interpretation and Clinical Use Circulation 93 1043 1065 Taylor JA amp Studinger P 2006 Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 690 691 Ten S New M amp Maclaren N 2001 Addison s Disease 2001 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism 86 2909 2922 Thurston RC Blumenthal JA Babyak MA Sherwood A 1994 Emotional antecedents of hot flashes during daily life Psychosomatic Medicine 67 1 137 46 Tomaka J Blascovich J amp Swart L 1994 Effects of Vocalization on Cardiovascular and Electrodermal Responses During Mental Arithmetic International Journal of Psychophysiology 18 23 33 Toska K amp Walloe L 2002 Dynamic time course of hemodynamic responses after passive head up tilt and tilt back to supine position Journal of Applied Physiology 92 1671 1676 Treiber FA Kamarck T Schneiderman N Sheffield D Kapuku G amp Taylor T 2003 Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States Psychosomatic Medicine 65 46 62 Trinder J Kleiman J Carrington M Smith S Breen S Tan N Kim Y 2001 Autonomic activity during human sleep as a function of time and sleep stage
67. e Boer AG Workel JO amp de Kloet ER 1998 Penetration of dexamethasone into brain glucocorticoid targets is enhanced in mdr1A P glycoprotein knockout mice Endocrinology 139 1789 1793 Meredith IT Friberg P Jennings GL Dewar EM Fazio VA Lambert GW amp Esler MD 1991 Exercise Training Lowers Resting Renal But Not Cardiac Sympathetic Activity in Humans Hypertension 18 575 582 Mezzacappa ES Kelsey RM amp Katkin ES 1999 The effects of epinephrine administration on impedance cardiographic measures of cardiovascular function International Journal of Psychophysiology 31 189 196 Miller SB Ditto B 1989 Individual differences in heart rate and peripheral vascular responses to an extended aversive task Psychophysiology 26 506 513 Miller SB Ditto B 1991 Exaggerated sympathetic nervous system response to extended psychological stress in offspring of hypertensives Psychophysiology 28 103 113 Miller AH Spencer RL Pulera M Kang S McEwen BS amp Stein M 1992 Adrenal steroid receptor activation in rat brain and pituitary following dexamethasone implications for the dexamethasone suppression test Biological psychiatry 32 850 869 Miyamoto Y Higuchi J Abe Y Hiura T Nakazono Y amp Mikami T 1983 Dynamics of cardiac output and systolic time intervals in supine and upright exercise J Appl Physiol 55 1674 1681 Mohapatra SN 1981 Non invasive cardiovascular monitoring by electrical impedance technique L
68. e H amp de Geus EJC 2001 Cardiovascular reactivity to work stress assessed by ambulatory blood pressue heart rate and heart rate variability In Fahrenberg J amp Myrtek M Eds Progress in ambulatory assessment Computer assisted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies Seattle Hogrefe amp Huber Waldstein SR Neumann SA amp Merrill JA 1998 Postural effects on hemodynamic response to interpersonal interaction Biol Psychol 48 57 67 Wallin BG 1981 Sympathetic Nerve Activity Underlying Electrodermal and Cardiovascular Reactions in Man Psychophysiology 18 470 476 Wallin BG Sundlof G amp Delius W 1975 Effect of Carotid Sinus Nerve Stimulation on Muscle and Skin Nerve Sympathetic Activity in Man Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 358 101 110 Wang JS Jen CJ amp Chen HI 1997 Effects of chronic exercise and deconditioning on platelet function in women Journal of Applied Physiology 83 2080 2085 Weber EJ Molenaar PC amp van der Molen MW 1992 A nonstationarity test for the spectral analysis of physiological time series with an application to respiratory sinus arrhythmia Psychophysiology 29 55 65 Weinstein AA Deuster PA amp Kop WJ 2007 Heart rate variability as a predictor of negative mood symptoms induced by exercise withdrawal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 39 735 741 Weissler AM Harris WS amp Schoenfeld CD 1968 Systolic
69. e and a green light When the VU AMS has started you will hear a triple beep tone After you close the battery lid the VU AMS is ready for use The green light will flash twice every ten seconds This indicates the VU AMS is ready but not recording Connect the VU AMS to the PC with the interface cable marked AMSi Connect the infrared end of the interface cable to the VU AMS the electronic end of the interface cable goes to the serial port of the PC or to the serial to USB converter Now start the AmsConfigure program It tries to NOTE Before you start automatically detect the VU AMS device on all AmsConfigure make sure to set date available COM ports If successful the opening 24 time of the PC correctly All screen see figure below will be displayed Check se i relly aa the battery type battery voltage indication should read from the PC at start up so it is be about 3 Volt for alkaline and about 2 6 Volt for important to make sure your PC has rechargeable NiMh batteries and re check time the correct time and date The VU and date Fill out the identification field NB If you AMS will verify time and date of the intend to use our preprogrammed SPSS scripts PC against its internal Real Time make sure the identifier is exactly 7 characters ee ee Ha i long Try to use a numerical name only e g CONJ IZUME IU VOTUES J WHE DE 0603001 y eg flagged by AmsConfigure 209 Be AmsConfigure 3 m YU AMS
70. e on pituitary adrenal activity Endocrinology 94 61 73 De Kloet ER Vreugdenhil E Oitzl MS amp Joels M 1998 Brain Corticosteroid Receptor Balance in Health and Disease Endocrine Reviews 19 269 301 De Kloet R Wallach G amp McEwen BS 1975 Differences in corticosterone and dexamethasone binding to rat brain and pituitary Endocrinology 96 598 609 186 De Meersman RE 1993 Heart rate variability and aerobic fitness American Heart Journal 125 726 731 Dekker JM Schouten EG Klootwijk P Pool J Swenne CA amp Kromhout D 1997 Heart rate variability from short electrocardiographic recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle aged and elderly men The Zutphen Study Am J Epidemiol 145 899 908 Dekker JM Crow RS Folsom AR Hannan PJ Liao D Swenne CA amp Schouten EG 2000 Low Heart Rate Variability in a 2 Minute Rhythm Strip Predicts Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality From Several Causes The ARIC Study Circulation 102 1239 1244 Deuschle M Gotthardt U Schweiger U Weber B Korner A Schmider J Standhardt H Lammers CH amp Heuser 1997 With aging in humans the activity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal system increases and its diurnal amplitude flattens Life Sciences 61 2239 2246 Dewey FE Freeman JV Engel G Oviedo R Abrol N Ahmed N Myers J amp Froelicher VF 2007 Novel predictor of prognosis from exercise stress testing Heart rate variability respon
71. e to total Z before computing the HI Heather_kelsey SVb_ampl Z0 dzdt_min SVb_ampl dZ dt amplitude from B point to dz dt min peak 70 average thorax impedance in the ensemble average dZ dt_min time of the dz dt min point in reference to Q ONSET OUTPUT The resulting SAV file will consider each labeled period to be a case Therefore per subject there will be a PEP SV etc for each labeled period FILE AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURE U e eiiiai WE ASSUME THAT FILE NAMES ARE EXACTLY 7 CHARACTERS LONG 236 amp REFLECT THE ID OF THE SUBJECT NOTE THAT THE FILENAMES USED IN DATA LIST AND SAVE OUTFILE COMMANDS MUST BE CHANGED TO CORRESPOND TO YOUR OWN FILENAMES AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURE THIS CAN BE DONE BY CHANGING THE DEFINE STATEMENTS AT THE START OF THIS JOB kk EEE PROJECT SPECIFIC LABELING reer eee ee ee entente ien enk The job text below assume that you used the following categories to label the data posture a code stating the dominant posture during that period 10 levels physical load a code indicating the level of physical load 6 levels activity type of activity the subject is engaged in 24 levels location a code for the location of the subject 9 levels social situation indicating the social situation the subject is in 8 levels This is unlikely to correspond to your own categories Change the command syntax accordingly
72. equency domain analyses of heart rate and blood pressure variability Clinical Physiology 16 575 588 Van de Borne P Neubauer J Rahnama M Jansens JL Montano N Porta A Somers VK amp Degaute JP 2001 Differential characteristics of neural circulatory control Early versus late after cardiac transplantation Circulation 104 1809 1813 Van de Kar LD amp Blair ML 1999 Forebrain Pathways Mediating Stress Induced Hormone Secretion Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 20 1 48 Van Doornen LJP Knol D Willemsen AHM amp de Geus EJC 1994 The relationship between stress reactivity in the lab and in real life is reliability the limiting factor Journal of Psychophysiology 8 297 304 Van Doornen LJP amp de Geus EJC 1989 Aerobic Fitness and the Cardiovascular Response to Stress Psychophysiology 26 17 28 Van Eekelen AP Houtveen JH Kerkhof GA 2004 Circadian variation in base rate measures of cardiac autonomic activity European Journal of Applied Physiology 93 39 46 Vanoli E de Ferrari GM Stramba Badiale M Hull SS Jr Foreman RD amp Schwartz PJ 1991 Vagal stimulation and prevention of sudden death in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction Circ Res 68 1471 1481 Venables PH amp Christie MJ 1980 Electrodermal activity In Martin amp Venables PH Eds Techniques in Psychophysiology U K Wiley Verdecchia P 2000 Prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressure Current evidence and clinic
73. er downloadable files on the VU AMS website It removes the five lines of header information at the start of the lbl files It then inserts the name of the lbl file which according to assumption 3 is a subject identifier at the beginning of each line Check that the string LBL does not occur in Your_project_labels dat In the CHECK_AMSGRA_allsubjects_Your_project sps script change the file names and directory structure used in the GET DATA and SAVE OUTFILE commands to the appropriate file names and directory structure of your own project This is done by changing the strings Your full directory tree and Your_file_with_all_subjects in the DEFINE statements at the top of the script Then run the SPSS script to create the target SPSS file Your_file_with_all_subjects sav THIRD Now run the two remaining jobs SEPARATELY ON EACH SUBJECT For AMSRES data you generate a new script for each subject that in turn yields a separate target SPSS file for each subject 1 to N Your_subject_1_AMSRES sav Your_subject_2_AMSRES sav until Your_subject_N_AMSRES sav For AMSIMP data you generate a new script for each subject that in turn yields the SPSS target file Your_subject_1_AMSIMP sav Note that in the CHECK_AMSRES_Your_subject sps and CHECK_AMSIMP_Your_subject sps scripts you need to change the directory structure used in the GET DATA and SAVE OUTFILE commands to the appropriate directory structure of your own project For each of the subjects
74. euroendocrine mechanisms in human and rat thesis University of Amsterdam the Netherlands Schell AM Dawson ME amp Filion DL 1988 Psychophysiological Correlates of Electrodermal Lability Psychophysiology 25 619 632 Schell AM Dawson ME Nuechterlein KH Subotnik KL amp Ventura J 2002 The temporal stability of electrodermal variables over a one year period in patients with recent onset schizophrenia and in normal subjects Psychophysiology 39 124 132 Schermelleh Engel K Moosbrugger H amp Muller H 2003 Evaluating the fit of structural equation models test of significance and descriptive goodness of fit measures Methods of Psychological Research 8 23 74 Schinkel AH Wagenaar E van Deemter L Mol CA amp Borst P 1995 Absence of the mdr1a P Glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone digoxin and cyclosporin A The Journal of clinical investigation 96 1698 1705 Schomig A Luth B Dietz R amp Gross F 1976 Changes in vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to vasoconstrictor agents induced by corticosteroids adrenalectomy and differing salt intake in rats Clinical science and molecular medicine Supplement 3 61s 63s Schuit AJ van Amelsvoort LGPM Verheij TC Rijneke RD Maan AC Sweene CA amp Schouten EG 1999 Exercise training and heart rate variability in older people Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31 816 821 Schwartz AR Gerin W Davidson KW P
75. eviation of motility scores found in this period the mean of the average IBIs found in this labeled period Yes this is an average of averages Each 30 seconds by default an average IBI is computed from all interbeat intervals found in that period The variable ibimean gives the mean of these averages over the entire labeled period Please note that we have no information on the number or the integrity of IBls constituting the 30 sec average IBI Note that 30 seconds is the default you may have changed it but the same principle will apply To get the complete IBI time series you can convert the AMS file to an ASCII file containing all IBls by using AMSASC the number of average IBIs found in this labeled period the lowest average IBIs found in this period the highest average IBls found in this period the variance in the average IBls found in this period the standard deviation of the average IBls found in this period 221 Outliers are detected variables and values are labeled and indices of total recording time and data loss are added OUTPUT The resulting SAV file will consider each labeled period to be a case Therefore per subject there will be a PEP SV etc for each labeled period FILE AND DIRECTORY STRUCTURED U e eieiei WE ASSUME THAT FILE NAMES ARE EXACTLY 7 CHARACTERS LONG amp REFLECT THE ID OF THE SUBJECT NOTE THAT THE FILENAMES USED IN DATA LIST AND SAVE O
76. existing cursor will remove that cursor The left and NOTE All time spent right arrow keys of the keyboard allow you to step through Correcting the IBI time all scored R peaks The active blue cursor can also be Series is well spent since deleted by pressing the delete key The corrected time it is the basis of many ae x other variables extracted series is saved in the beat file Detailed information on from the VU AMS how to tailor automatic scoring is found under the Help option of the AmsQRS program How to score IBI PEP and RSA in VU AMS 5fs data After corrections with the AmsQRS program the AMS 5fs signals can be converted to the old VU AMS file format of the VU AMS 4 6 series ams with the AmsRevertFormat program The immediate advantage of this is that all existing software for labeling AMSGRA and impedance scoring AMSIMP and respiration scoring AMSRES is now available Manual for these programs are on the website www psy vu nl vu ams 212 a AmsRevertFormat Click Next to select ICG SCL or beat file For backward compatability conversion to old style AMS file Note Use AmsPreProcessor to create ECG ICG and SCL files Use AmsQRS to score ECG R intervals HRA and HRY averaging period 30 hd Motility averaging period 30 X ICG ensemble period 30 hd Cancel dz sampling interval msec l 100 x Appendices The VU AMS 4 6 series did no
77. gani M amp Malliani A 2000 Interpreting oscillations of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate variability Journal of Hypertension 18 1709 1719 Pagani M Mazzuero G Ferrari A Liberati D Cerutti S Vaitl D Tavazzi L amp Malliani A 1991 Sympathovagal Interaction During Mental Stress A Study Using Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Control Subjects and Patients with A Prior Myocardial Infarction Circulation 83 43 51 Pagani M Montano N Porta A Malliani A Abboud FM Birkett C amp Somers VK 1997 Relationship between spectral components of cardiovascular variabilities and direct measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans Circulation 95 1441 1448 Palatini P amp Jullius S 2004 Elevated heart rate A major risk factor for cardiovascular disease Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 26 637 644 Palti H Gofin R Adler B Grafstein O amp Belmaker E 1988 Tracking of blood pressure over an eight year period in Jerusalem school children Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 41 731 735 Parati G Mancia G Di Rienzo M Castiglioni P Taylor JA amp Studinger P 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 676 682 Penttila J Helminen A Jartti T Kuusela T Huikuri HV Tulppo MP Coffeng R amp Scheinin H 2001 Time domain geometrical and frequency domain analysis of car
78. gier er is Bijna 30 jaar na het promoveren van mijn vader is het nu mijn buurt Als aandenken aan hem wil ik dit proefschrift aan hem opdragen Lieve Roos ik ben blij dat jij mijn grote zus bent Ik ben vereerd dat ik jouw getuige mag zijn op naar het volgende feest Lieve Sietse jouw relativeringsvermogen tomeloze energie humor en onvoorwaardelijke liefde waren meer dan onmisbaar om de eindstreep te bereiken Het leven is mooi Last but not least allerliefste Rogier Jouw komst heeft ons leven nog rijker gemaakt dan het al was Jij hebt er mede voor gezorgd dat ik de eindstreep nog iets sneller wist te bereiken dan gepland Je bent geweldig Annebet 14 april 2008 247 248
79. gy 33 796 amp Liu J Haigh RM amp Jones CT 1992 Enhancement of noradrenaline induced inositol polyphosphate formation by glucocorticoids in rat vascular smooth muscle cells The Journal of endocrinology 133 405 411 Llabre MM Saab PG Hurwitz BE Schneiderman N Frame CA Spitzer S amp Phillips D 1993 The stability of cardiovascular parameters under different behavioral challenges one year follow up International Journal of Psychophysiology 14 241 248 Loimaala A Huikuri H Oja P Pasanen M amp Vuori 2000 Controlled 5 mo aerobic training improves heart rate but not heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity Journal of Applied Physiology 89 1825 1829 Lombardi F Sandrone G Pernpruner S Sala R Garimoldi M Cerutti S Baselli G Pagani M amp Malliani A 1987 Heart rate variability as an index of sympathovagal interaction after acute myocardial infarction Am J Cardiol 60 1239 1245 Lovallo WR 2005 Stress and Health Biological and Psychological Interactions 2nd ed Thousand Oaks CA Sage Lovallo WR amp Gerin W 2003 Psychophysiological reactivity mechanisms and pathways to cardiovascular disease Psychosomatic Medicine 65 36 45 Lovallo WR Pincomb GA Sung BH amp Wilson MF 1993 Impedance cardiography used to assess patterns of cardiovascular response to behavioral stressors Biol Psychol 36 97 105 Lovas K amp Husebye ES 2003 Replacement therapy in Addison s disease Expert o
80. hen the need arises In the control panel of Windows select regional and language options customize and set the decimal symbol for numbers to dot HAKKAR HII Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe HIRI IIR III III IKI III III IIIS III III III IIIS IIIS IIIS ke ke ke ke eee READING MULTIPLE LBL FILES heteet deete dee tede eede deste Aedes te Aee te Fede keste Aee te Ae de h Ae Je keste Hede k He Hee he Ae de k Ae Jee de Ae de ke He dek I III I dedek TITLE PROCESSING VU AMS LBL FILES CREATED WITH AMSGRA AND CONCATENATED WITH labelMERGE GET DATA TYPE TXT FILE DIRY FILE dat FIXCASE 5 ARRANGEMENT FIXED FIRSTCASE 1 IMPORTCASE ALL VARIABLES 1 subject 0 6 F7 0 strtdate 11 18 EDATE8 strttime 20 27 TIME11 2 enddate 30 37 EDATE8 endtime 39 46 TIME11 2 posture 47 51 F5 0 physical 52 55 F4 0 activity 56 59 F4 0 location 60 63 F4 0 social 64 67 F4 0 2 hra 16 24 F9 2 hramin 25 33 F9 2 hramax 34 42 F9 2 hramean 43 51 F9 2 hravar 52 60 F9 2 hrasd 61 69 F9 2 3 msd 16 24 F9 2 msdmin 25 33 F9 2 msdmax 34 42 F9 2 msdmean 43 51 F9 2 msdvar 52 60 F9 2 msdsd 61 69 F9 2 4 mot 16 24 F9 2 motmin 25 33 F9 2 motmax 34 42 F9 2 motmean 43 51 F9 2 motvar 52 60 F9 2 motsd 61 69 F9 2 5 ibi 16 24 F9 2 ibimin 25 33 F9 2 ibimax 34 42 F9 2 ibimean 43 51 F9 2 ibivar 52 60 F9 2 ibisd 61 69 F9 2 CACHE EXECUTE EADE VARIABLE LABELS a VARIABLE LABEL strtdate start date of the labeled period in dd mm yy 222 VARI
81. hysiology 14 81 95 Sherwood A amp Turner JR 1993 Postural stability of hemodynamic responses during mental challenge Psychophysiology 30 237 244 Sherwood A Girdler SS Bragdon EE West SG Brownley KA Hinderliter AL Light KC 1997 Ten year stability of cardiovascular responses to laboratory stressors Psychophysiology 34 185 191 Sherwood A McFetridge J amp Hutcheson JS 1998 Ambulatory impedance cardiography a feasibility study Journal of Applied Physiology 85 2365 2369 Shi XR Stevens GHJ Foresman BH Stern SA amp Raven PB 1995 Autonomic Nervous System Control of the Heart Endurance Exercise Training Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 27 1406 1413 Shields SA MacDowell KA Fairchild SB amp Campbell ML 1987 Is mediation of sweating cholinergic adrenergic or both A comment on the literature Psychophysiology 24 312 319 Shin K Minamitani H Onishi S Yamazaki H amp Lee M 1997 Autonomic differences between athletes and nonathletes spectral analysis approach Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 29 1482 1490 Shoemaker JK Hogeman CS Khan M Kimmerly DS amp Sinoway LI 2001 Gender affects sympathetic and hemodynamic response to postural stress AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281 H2028 H2035 Singer DH Martin GJ Magid N Weiss JS Schaad JW Kehoe R Zheutlin T Fintel DJ Hsieh AM amp Lesch M 1988 Low heart rate variability and sudden cardiac death J E
82. i lt 0 EXECUTE both shortibi and longibi may not have been found SELECT IF ibi gt 260 OR ibi lt 0 EXECUTE COMPUTE cases_8 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_8 Excluding very fast heart beats AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_8 MAX cases_8 Here we create a dummy variable that allows us to compute the frequency of breaths where RSA cannot be computed due to the absence of a valid shortibi and or longibi within the respiratory cycle HAKKAR HII Fe HII Fe KIKI He He He He He He He He IIR IIR IIIS III III III III III III III II IIIS ke ke ke ke COMPUTE neg 0 IF shortibi lt 0 or longibi lt 0 neg 1 EXECUTE The next dummy variable that is computed allows us to calculate the percentage of breaths where shortibi is longer than longibi reverse 1 HIKE HIKE KIKI Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IIR IIR He He He He IIR III IIR III IIIS III III IIIS III III IIIS ke ke ke ke COMPUTE reverse 0 IF NEG EQ 0 AND shortibi gt longibi reverse 1 EXECUTE FREQUENCIES VARIABLES neg reverse FORMAT LIMIT 10 STATISTICS NONE CHECK AE Aee edee tede dete teede le Fede le edek te Ae de te He Fee te Fede t He Aee a aaa Ae Jeke He Fede de Ae de ke He TIT TTT TTT dedede ke de dede ke dede keke On average neg 1 was about 20 in our dataset If neg 1 is a lot higher than usual in your population it might be worth to inspect the data in AmsRes to see
83. ibersa C amp Bosquet L 2007 Effect of Training and Detraining on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Men nternational Journal of Sports Medicine 564 570 Gerin W Pickering TG Glynn L Christenfeld N Schwartz A Carroll D amp Davidson K 2000 An historical context for behavioral models of hypertension Journal of Psychosomatic Research 48 369 377 Gerin W Rosofsky M Pieper C amp Pickering TG 1994 A test of generalizability of cardiovascular reactivity using a controlled ambulatory procedure Psychosomatic Medicine 56 360 368 Gibson A 1981 The influence of endocrine hormones on the autonomic nervous system Journal of autonomic pharmacology 1 331 358 Girdler SS Pedersen CA Stern RA amp Light KC 1993 Menstrual cycle and premenstrual syndrome modifiers of cardiovascular reactivity in women Health Psychology 12 180 192 Girdler SS Turner JR Sherwood A Light KC 1990 Gender differences in blood pressure control during a variety of behavioral stressors Psychosomatic Medicine 52 571 591 Goedhart AD Kupper N Willemsen G Boomsma DI amp de Geus EJC 2006 Temporal stability of ambulatory stroke volume and cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography Biological Psychology 72 110 117 Goedhart AD van der Sluis S Houtveen JH Willemsen G amp de Geus EJC 2007 Comparison of time and frequency domain measures of RSA in ambulatory recordings Psychophysiology 44 203 215 Goldsmith RL
84. ickering TG Brosschot JF Thayer JF Christenfeld N amp Linden W 2003 Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Psychosomatic Medicine 65 22 35 Schwartz PJ Larovere MT amp Vanoli E 1992 Autonomic Nervous System and Sudden Cardiac Death Experimental Basis and Clinical Observations for Postmyocardial Infarction Risk Stratification Circulation 85 77 91 Sherwood A Allen MT Obrist PA amp Langer AW 1986 Evaluation of beta adrenergic influences on cardiovascular and metabolic adjustments to physical and psychological stress Psychophysiology 23 89 104 201 Sherwood A Light KC amp Blumenthal JA 1989 Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Hemodynamic Responses During Psychosocial Stress in Normotensive and Borderline Hypertensive Type A Men A Preliminary Report Psychosomatic Medicine 51 123 136 Sherwood A Allen MT Fahrenberg J Kelsey RM Lovallo WR amp van Doornen LJP 1990 Methodological Guidelines for Impedance Cardiography Psychophysiology 27 1 23 Sherwood A Carter LS Jr Murphy CA 1991 Cardiac output by impedance cardiography two alternative methodologies compared with thermodilution Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 62 116 122 Sherwood A Royal SA Light KC 1993 Laboratory reactivity assessment effects of casual blood pressure status and choice of task difficulty International Journal of Psychop
85. icoid regulation of diverse cognitive functions in normal and pathological emotional states Neurosci Biobehav Rev 27 233 246 Esler M 2000 The sympathetic system and hypertension American Journal of Hypertension 13 99S 105S Esler M Jennings G Korner P Willett I Dudley F Hasking G Anderson W amp Lambert G 1988 Assessment of Human Sympathetic Nervous System Activity from Measurements of Norepinephrine Turnover Hypertension 11 3 20 Esler M Jennings G Lambert G Meredith Horne M amp Eisenhofer G 1990 Overflow of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters to the Circulation Source Fate and Functions Physiological Reviews 70 963 985 Evans JM 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 687 688 187 Fagard RH amp Cornelissen VA 2007 Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention amp Rehabilitation 14 12 17 Fahrenberg J amp Myrtek M 1996 Ambulatory Assessment Computer assisted Psychological and Psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies Seattle Hogrefe amp Huber Publishers Fahrenberg J amp Myrtek M 2001 Progress in ambulatroy assessment Computer Assisted Psychological and Psychophysiological Methods in Monitoring and Field Studies Seattle Hogrefe amp Huber Publishers Fallo F Fanelli G Cipoll
86. imulatory and preparative actions Endocrine Reviews 21 55 89 200 Sato K amp Sato F 1983 Individual Variations in Structure and Function of Human Eccrine Sweat Gland American Journal of Physiology 245 R203 R208 Saul JP Arai Y Berger RD Lilly LS Colucci WS amp Cohen RJ 1988 Assessment of autonomic regulation in chronic congestive heart failure by heart rate spectral analysis Am J Cardiol 61 1292 1299 Saul JP Rea RF Eckberg DL Berger RD amp Cohen RJ 1990 Heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve variability during reflex changes of autonomic activity AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 258 H713 H721 Sawchenko PE 1987 Evidence for differential regulation of corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin immunoreactivities in parvocellular neurosecretory and autonomic related projections of the paraventricular nucleus Brain research 437 253 263 Scerbo AS Freedman LW Raine A Dawson ME amp Venables PH 1992 A major effect of recording site on measurement of electrodermal activity Psychophysiology 29 241 246 Schachinger H Weinbacher M Kiss A Ritz R amp Langewitz W 2001 Cardiovascular indices of peripheral and central sympathetic activation Psychosomatic Medicine 63 788 796 Schafer JL amp Graham JW 2002 Missing data our view of the state of the art Psychol Methods 7 147 177 Scheer F A J L 2003 Cardiovascular regulation by the biological clock neural and n
87. in the project you need to change the file name i e subject_1 subject_2 etc to the appropriate file name Finally in the CHECK_AMSIMP_Your_subject sps scripts you may want to set the electrode distance separately for each subject by a DEFINE When all subjects are done use SPSS to MERGE ADD CASES Your_subject_1_AMSRES sav to Your_subject_N_AMSRES sav files into a single SPSS file that now contains AMSRES data of all subjects We refer to this file as Your_project_AMSRES sav Do similar for the AMSIMP files of all subjects to obtain Your_project_AMSIMP sav FOURTH You can now MERGE the data from all three domains Your_project_labels sav Your_project_AMSRES sav and Your_project_AMSIMP sav using the interactive menu of SPSS It is critical that you use the subject identifier variable and the category identifiers as the BREAK variables in the MERGE ADD VAR command 217 Appendix V SPSS scripts LABEL_VARIABLE amp VALUES_Your_project sps This SPSS include file is used by other VU AMS SPSS jobs to label the time periods over which the data have been aggregated Aggregation uses the categories that were used in the label configuration file label cfg during labeling under AMSGRA These categories and there levels will be completely study specific EEE This means that you need to change EVERYTHING below to make this job properly reflect your own study protocol and labeling The good thing however is
88. ion J Am Coll Cardiol 21 729 736 Bigger JT Fleiss JL Rolnitzky LM amp Steinman RC 1993 The Ability of Several Short Term Measures of Rr Variability to Predict Mortality After Myocardial Infarction Circulation 88 927 934 Bigger JT Jr Fleiss JL Steinman RC Rolnitzky LM Kleiger RE amp Rottman JN 1992b Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction Am J Cardiol 69 891 898 Billman GE 2002 Aerobic exercise conditioning a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention Journal of Applied Physiology 92 446 454 Billman GE 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 684 685 Billman GE amp Kukielka M 2006 Effects of endurance exercise training on heart rate variability and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death protection is not due to enhanced cardiac vagal regulation Journal of Applied Physiology 100 896 906 Bini G Hagbarth KE amp Wallin BG 1981 Cardiac rhythmicity of skin sympathetic activity recorded from peripheral nerves in man Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 4 17 24 Bollen KA amp Long JS 1993 Testing structural equation models Newbury Park CA Sage 183 Bonaduce D Petretta M Cavallaro V Apicella C lanniciello A Romano M Breglio R amp Marciano F 1998 Intensive training and
89. ity decreases during development of tilt induced syncope preceding sympathetic withdrawal and bradycardia American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289 H1758 H1769 Kamphuis A amp Frowein HW 1985 Assessment of mental effort by means of heart rate spectral analysis In Orlebeke JF van Doornen LJP amp Mulder G Eds The Psychophysiology of Cardiovascular Control New York Plenum Press Karssen AM Meijer OC Berry A Pinol RS amp de Kloet ER 2005 Low doses of dexamethasone can produce a hypocorticosteroid state in the brain Endocrinology 146 5587 5595 Karssen AM Meijer OC van dS de Boer AG de Lange EC amp de Kloet ER 2002 The role of the efflux transporter P glycoprotein in brain penetration of prednisolone J Endocrinol 175 251 260 192 Kasprowicz AL Manuck SB Malkoff SB amp Krantz DS 1990 Individual differences in behaviorally evoked cardiovascular response temporal stability and hemodynamic patterning Psychophysiology 27 605 619 Katona PG amp Jih F 1975 Respiratory sinus arrhythmia noninvasive measure of parasympathetic cardiac control J Appl Physiol 39 801 805 Katona PG Mclean M Dighton DH amp Guz A 1982 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Cardiac Control in Athletes and Non Athletes at Rest Journal of Applied Physiology 52 1652 1657 Kelly JJ Mangos G Williamson PM amp Whitworth JA 1998 Cortisol and hypertension Clinical and Experime
90. ldige meiden Lieve dames bedankt voor de heerlijke tijd Er werd altijd wel even tijd gemaakt voor een gezellige 246 babbel om een vraag te stellen stoom af te blazen een DE tje te halen te klagen of te zuchten En dat laatste wil wel met twee zwangere vrouwen op een kamer Een verdediging van een proefschrift zou niet compleet zijn zonder paranimfen Ik ben erg blij dat mijn paranimfen Jasja Baken en Geert Jan Goedhart mij willen bijstaan op deze spannende dag Lieve Bakkie ik ben erg trots dat je mijn vriendinnetje bent Het feit dat we 3 dagen na elkaar zijn bevallen van twee pracht zonen maakt het allemaal nog bijzonderder Lieve Geert jij was en bent altijd een echte grote broer voor mij geweest Ik vind het daarom ook een geruststellend idee dat jij naast me staat tijdens de promotie Ook wil ik mijn familie en vrienden bedanken Tijdens etentjes borrels en feestjes werd er zeer geinteresseerd gevraagd naar mijn onderzoek maar meestal merkte ik al snel dat het voor de meesten een groot raadsel bleef Het grote voordeel hiervan was dat ik mijn werk even helemaal uit mijn hoofd kon zetten Mijn ouders wil ik graag bedanken voor al hun vertrouwen warmte en steun Jullie hebben mij de mogelijkheden geboden om me onbezorgd te kunnen ontwikkelen tot wie ik nu ben Lieve mama ik heb erg genoten van de lunch afspraken op maandag na je HOVO cursus op de VU Het is heerlijk zo dicht bij jou te wonen zeker ook nu de kleine Ro
91. le AC amp McKiever BI 1953 The Psychophysiological Significance of the Galvanic Skin Response Journal of Experimental Psychology 46 15 24 Muzi M Ebert TJ Tristani FE Jeutter DC Barney JA amp Smith JJ 1985 Determination of cardiac output using ensemble averaged impedance cardiograms Journal of Applied Physiology 58 200 205 Nagai Y Critchley HD Featherstone E Trimble MR amp Dolan RJ 2004 Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex covaries with sympathetic skin conductance level a physiological account of a default mode of brain function Neuroimage 22 243 251 Nakonezny PA Kowalewski RB Ernst JM Hawkley LC Lozano DL Litvack DA Berntson GG Sollers JJ Ill Kizakevich P Cacioppo JT amp Lovallo WR 2001 New ambulatory impedance cardiograph validated against the Minnesota Impedance Cardiograph Psychophysiology 38 465 473 Negrao CE Moreira ED Brum PC Denadai MLDR amp Krieger EM 1992 Vagal and Sympathetic Control of Heart Rate During Exercise by Sedentary and Exercise Trained Rats Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 25 1045 1052 Nelesen RA Shaw R Ziegler MG amp Dimsdale JE 1999 Impedance cardiography derived hemodynamic responses during baroreceptor testing with amyl nitrite and phenylephrine a validity and reliability study Psychophysiology 36 105 108 Neumann SA amp Waldstein SR 2001 Similar patterns of cardiovascular response during emotional activation a
92. lectrocardiol 21 Suppl 46 S55 Singh JP Larson MG Tsuji H Evans JC O Donnell CJ amp Levy D 1998 Reduced heart rate variability and new onset hypertension insights into pathogenesis of hypertension the Framingham Heart Study Hypertension 32 293 297 Sinnreich R Kark JD Friedlander Y Sapoznikov D amp Luria MH 1998 Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies repeatability and age sex characteristics Heart 80 156 162 Sleight P amp Bernardi L 1998 Sympathovagal Balance Circulation 98 2640 Smith JJ Muzi M Barney JA Ceschi J Hayes J amp Ebert TJ 1989a Impedance derived cardiac indices in supine and upright exercise Ann Biomed Eng 17 507 515 Smith ML Hudson DL Graitzer HM amp Raven PB 1989b Exercise Training Bradycardia the Role of Autonomic Balance Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21 40 44 Snijders TAB amp Bosker RJ 1999 Multilevel Analysis An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling London SAGE Song CG amp Kim DW 2003 An improved approach for measurement of stroke volume during treadmill exercise Medical Engineering amp Physics 25 517 522 202 Spencer RL Young EA Choo PH amp McEwen BS 1990 Adrenal steroid type and type Il receptor binding estimates of in vivo receptor number occupancy and activation with varying level of steroid Brain research 514 37 48 Spielberger C D Goruch R L amp
93. m for measuring bio signals during normal daily activities in real life settings The complete VU AMS consists of e AMS device a small lightweight device for the actual ambulatory recording e _ AMSi interface cable to connect the VU AMS device to your PC via a USB or RS232 connection e AMS software The VU AMS 5fs is the most recent version of the VU AMS The VU AMS 5fs measures the electrocardiogram ECG the thorax impedance Z0 the changes in thorax impedance dZ the impedance cardiogram ICG the skin conductance level SCL phonocardiogram PCG and the vertical and horizontal acceleration of the subject body movement The main features of the VU AMS 5fs device are Full ECG signal recording at a maximum sampling rate of 1000Hz with a 16 bit resolution The ECG signal is used to extract the interbeat interval time series Full recording of thorax impedance dZ at 1000Hz 16 bit From the dZ signal the ICG dZ dt is calculated offline and used to extract systolic time intervals Full recording of skin conductance in DC or AC 10Hz mode 16 bit from which skin conductance level or skin conductance responses can be computed Recording of vertical and horizontal acceleration to index gross body movement of the subject e Optional Full recording of heart sound PCG at a maximum sampling rate of 1000Hz 16 bits e All signals ECG ICG skin conductance motility heart sounds are recorded simultaneously
94. manual SELECT IF reject A EXECUTE COMPUTE cases_3 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_3 Excluding breaths that were interactively rejected in AMSRES AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_3 MAX cases_3 Here we exclude off hand expirations and inspirations that we consider too long or too short to be physiologically plausible SELECT IF SELECT IF SELECT IF SELECT IF EXECUTE exp lt 10000 exp gt 300 insp lt 9000 insp gt 300 annan COMPUTE cases_4 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_4 Excluding non plausible long or short breaths AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_4 MAX cases_4 With these former selection criteria the loss of data in our population was generally about 7 More than 20 is considered a lot One might want to check whether a lot of unreliable data is correctly rejected or whether the automatic scoring of AmsRes has incorrectly rejected a lot of reliable data In the remaining data the distributions of inspiration and expiration are inspected this has been commented out to speed things up A more careful but less automated and slower strategy would leaves this intact FREQUENCIES VARIABLES insp exp FORMAT LIMIT 1 PERCENTILES 3 97 STATISTICS NONE HISTOGRAM NORMAL REMOVE OUTLIERS 1 5 etea ede destete deete deest deteste Jede le Ae de k te Ae kes
95. mber printed on your diary 215 Appendices Appendix IV Data reduction strategy based on AMGRA labeling A graphical depiction of a strategy to handle VU AMS data proven fruitful in our own research is given below We combine AMS software with SPSS scripts Collect ambulatory data with VU AMS ams files Label with AMSGRA Score dZ and ECG with AMSRES ibl files gs Score ICG with AMSIMP rsr files Run labelmerge exe iar files Your_project_labels dat Run CHECK_AMSRES_Your_subject sps Run CHECK_AMSIMP_Your_subject sps Run CHECK_AMSGRA_Your_project sps Your_subject_1_amsres sav Your_subject_1_amsimp sav Your_subject_N_amsres sav Your_subject_N_amsimp sav Your_project_labels sav Merge by ADD CASES in SPSS Merge by ADD CASES in SPSS Merge by ADD VAR in SPSS N Your_project_amsres sav Your project amsimp sav Your _project sav How When you performed all labeling AMSGRA and all scoring AMSIMP AMSRES of the VU AMS data you can download the four SPSS scripts provided here to optimally organize your data under SPSS Make a copy of each script where you change generic in the file names to Your_project or Your_subject see below and where you change the extension of the script files from txt to sps Then work with these c
96. mp Niewiadomski W 2000 Cardiovascular metabolic and plasma catecholamine responses to passive and active exercises J Physiol Pharmacol 51 267 278 Kubicek WG Karnegis JN Patterson RP Witsoe DA Mattson RH 1966 Development and evaluation of an impedance cardiac output system Aerospace Medicine 37 1208 1212 Kudielka BM Broderick JE amp Kirschbaum C 2003 Compliance with saliva sampling protocols Electronic monitoring reveals invalid cortisol daytime profiles in noncompliant subjects Psychosomatic Medicine 65 313 319 Kudielka BM amp Kirschbaum C 2003 Awakening cortisol responses are influenced by health status and awakening time but not by menstrual cycle phase Psychoneuroendocrinology 28 35 47 Kunz Ebrecht SR Kirschbaum C Marmot M amp Steptoe A 2004 Differences in cortisol awakening response on work days and weekends in women and men from the Whitehall Il cohort Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 516 528 Kupper N de Geus EJC van den Berg M Kirschbaum C Boomsma DI amp Willemsen G 2005a Familial influences on basal salivary cortisol in an adult population Psychoneuroendocrinology 30 857 868 Kupper N Willemsen G Boomsma DI amp de Geus EJC 2006 Heritability of indices for cardiac contractility in ambulatory recordings Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 17 877 883 Kupper N Willemsen G Posthuma D de Boer P Boomsma DI amp de Geus EJC 2005b A genetic analysis of ambulatory ca
97. ns JD McDonald PA Schneiderman N 2002 Hemodynamic response patterns responder type differences in reactivity and recovery Psychophysiology 39 739 746 Knutsson U Dahlgren J Marcus C Rosberg S Bronnegard M Stierna P amp AlbertssonWikland K 1997 Circadian cortisol rhythms in healthy boys and girls Relationship with age growth body composition and pubertal development Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82 536 540 Koh J Brown TE Beightol LA Ha CY amp Eckberg DL 1994 Human Autonomic Rhythms Vagal Cardiac Mechanisms in Tetraplegic Subjects Journal of Physiology London 474 483 495 Kollai M amp Mizsei G 1990 Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Is A Limited Measure of Cardiac Parasympathetic Control in Man Journal of Physiology London 424 329 342 Kovacs KJ amp Makara GB 1988 Corticosterone and dexamethasone act at different brain sites to inhibit adrenalectomy induced adrenocorticotropin hypersecretion Brain research 474 205 210 Kovacs KJ amp Mezey E 1987 Dexamethasone inhibits corticotropin releasing factor gene expression in the rat paraventricular nucleus Neuroendocrinology 46 365 368 Kreft amp de Leeuw J 1998 Introducing Multilevel Modeling London Sage Kronholm E Hyyppa MT Jula A amp Toikka T 1996 Electrodermal lability and hypertension nternational Journal of Psychophysiology 23 129 136 193 Krzeminski K Kruk B Nazar K Ziemba AW Cybulski G a
98. nt kinds of hostility J Consult Psychol 21 343 349 Byrne EA amp Porges SW 1993 Data dependent filter characteristics of peak valley respiratory sinus arrhythmia estimation a cautionary note Psychophysiology 30 397 404 Cacioppo JT Berntson GG Binkley PF Quigley KS Uchino BN amp Fieldstone A 1994a Autonomic cardiac control Il Noninvasive indices and basal response as revealed by autonomic blockades Psychophysiology 31 586 598 184 Cacioppo JT Uchino BN amp Berntson GG 1994b Individual differences in the autonomic origins of heart rate reactivity the psychometrics of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and preejection period Psychophysiology 31 412 419 Carrasco GA amp Van de Kar LD 2003 Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress European Journal of Pharmacology 463 235 272 Carroll D Roy M 1989 Cardiovascular activity during prolonged menta arithmetic challenge Shifts in the haemodynamic control of blood pressure Journal of Psychophysiology 3 403 408 Carroll D Smith GD Willemsen G Sheffield D Sweetnam PM Gallacher JEJ amp Elwood PC 1998 Blood pressure reactions to the cold pressor test and the prediction of ischaemic heart disease data from the Caerphilly Study Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 52 528 529 Carter JB Banister EW amp Blaber AP 2003 Effect of endurance exercise on autonomic control of heart rate Sports Medicine 33 33 46 Cerutti S 2006 Point
99. ntal Pharmacology and Physiology 25 51 S56 Kelsey RM 1991 Electrodermal Lability and Myocardial Reactivity to Stress Psychophysiology 28 619 631 Kennedy B amp Ziegler MG 1991 Cardiac epinephrine synthesis Regulation by a glucocorticoid Circulation 84 891 895 Kenney WL 1985 Parasympathetic Control of Resting Heart Rate Relationship to Aerobic Power Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 17 451 455 Kingwell BA Dart AM Jennings GL amp Korner PI 1992 Exercise Training Reduces the Sympathetic Component of the Blood Pressure Heart Rate Baroreflex in Man Clinical Science 82 357 362 Kingwell BA Thompson JM Kaye DM Mcpherson GA Jennings GL amp Esler MD 1994 Heart Rate Spectral Analysis Cardiac Norepinephrine Spillover and Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Human Sympathetic Nervous Activation and Failure Circulation 90 234 240 Kirschbaum C amp Hellhammer DH 1994 Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research Recent developments and applications Psychoneuroendocrinology 19 313 333 Kjaer M Secher NH amp Galbo H 1987 Physical Stress and Catecholamine Release Baillieres Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1 279 298 Kleiger RE Bigger JT Bosner MS Chung MK Cook JR Rolnitzky LM Steinman R amp Fleiss JL 1991 Stability over time of variables measuring heart rate variability in normal subjects Am J Cardiol 68 626 630 Kline KA Saab PG Llabre MM Spitzer SB Eva
100. od VARIABLE LABEL IBImax IBI in the 30 second fragment with slowest heart rate in this period VARIABLE LABEL IBImean the average IBI across this period VARIABLE LABEL IBIsd the standard deviation of all 30 second IBI averages found during this period EXECUTE kk VALUE AND VARIABLE LABELING ENANSA PARSEE SORE NEN TERIER AEAEE Use an INCLUDE FILE to supply the correct variable and value labels for all of the numerical codes used when labeling the AMS file with AMSGRA Note that the file name needs to be changed to the name of your study specific include file that you prepared before running this job In the example below the include file supplies VARIABLE names and VALUES for posture physical load type of the activity location and social situation This may of course be different in your include file INCLUDE DIRY LABELF sps CATEGORY DEPENDENT CHECKS OF LABELING IN AMSGRA The checks below assumes that you used the following five CATEGORIES for labeling with AMSGRA posture a code stating the dominant posture during that period 10 levels physical load a code indicating the level of physical load 6 levels activity type of activity the subject is engaged in 24 levels location a code for the location of the subject 9 levels social situation indicating the social situation the subject is in 8 levels This is unlikely to correspond to your own
101. od pressure oscillations at rest and during mental arousal in normotensive and hypertensive subjects Autonomic Neuroscience Basic amp Clinical 120 80 87 Gutin B Barbeau P Litaker MS Ferguson M amp Owens S 2000 Heart rate variability in obese children Relations to total body and visceral adiposity and changes with physical training and detraining Obesity Research 8 12 19 Gutin B Howe CA Johnson MH Humphries MC Snieder H amp Barbeau P 2005 Heart rate variability in adolescents Relations to physical activity fitness and adiposity Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37 1856 1863 Hadase M Azuma A Zen K Asada S Kawasaki T Kamitani T Kawasaki S Sugihara H amp Matsubara H 2004 Very low frequency power of heart rate variability is a powerful predictor of clinical prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure Circ J 68 343 347 Hagbarth KE Hallin RG Wallin BG Torebjork H amp Hongell A 1972 General Characteristics of Sympathetic Activity in Human Skin Nerves Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 84 164 amp Haigh RM amp Jones CT 1990 Effect of glucocorticoids on alpha 1 adrenergic receptor binding in rat vascular smooth muscle Journal of molecular endocrinology 5 41 48 Haigh RM Jones CT amp Milligan G 1990 Glucocorticoids regulate the amount of G proteins in rat aorta Journal of molecular endocrinology 5 185 188 Handa M Kondo K Suzuki H amp Saruta T 1984 Dexametha
102. odynamic reactivity International Journal of Psychophysiology 40 93 107 Lechin F van der DB Lechin AE 2004 Autonomic nervous system assessment throughout the wake sleep cycle and stress Psychosomatic Medicine 66 974 976 Levi GF Ratti S Cardone G amp Basagni M 1982 On the Reliability of Systolic Time Intervals Cardiology 69 157 165 Levy MN amp Schwartz PJ 1994 Vagal Control of the Heart Experimental Basis and Clinical Implications Armonk NY Futura Publishing Co Lewis RP Rittgers SE Forester WF amp Boudoulas H 1977 Critical Review of Systolic Time Intervals Circulation 56 146 158 194 Lewis SF Nylander E Gad P amp Areskog NH 1980 Non Autonomic Component in Bradycardia of Endurance Trained Men at Rest and During Exercise Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 109 297 305 Liggett S 1995 Functional properties of human beta 2 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms News in Physiological Sciences 10 265 273 Light KC Kothandapani RV amp Allen MT 1998 Enhanced cardiovascular and catecholamine responses in women with depressive symptoms nternational Journal of Psychophysiology 28 157 166 Light KC Obrist PA James SA amp Strogatz DS 1987 Cardiovascular Responses to Stress 2 Relationships to Aerobic Exercise Patterns Psychophysiology 24 79 86 Lin YC amp Horvath SM 1972 Autonomic Nervous Control of Cardiac Frequency in Exercise Trained Rat Journal of Applied Physiolo
103. ogy Metabolism 88 2384 2392 Raaijmakers E Faes TJ Goovaerts HG Meijer JH de Vries PM Heethaar RM 1998 Thoracic geometry and its relation to electrical current distribution consequences for electrode placement in electrical impedance cardiography Medical amp Biological Engineering amp Computing 36 592 597 Raaijmakers E Faes TJ Scholten RJ Goovaerts HG Heethaar RM 1999 A meta analysis of three decades of validating thoracic impedance cardiography Critical Care Medicine 27 6 1203 13 Raison CL amp Miller AH 2003 When Not Enough Is Too Much The Role of Insufficient Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Stress Related Disorders American Journal of Psychiatry 160 1554 1565 Ramey ER Goldstein MS amp Levine R 1951 Action of nor epinephrine and adrenal cortical steroids on blood pressure and work performance of adrenalectomized dogs The American journal of physiology 165 450 455 Rasmussen JP Sorensen B amp Kann T 1975 Evaluation of impedance cardiography as a non invasive means of measuring systolic time intervals and cardiac output Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 19 210 218 Ray CA amp Hume KM 1998 Sympathetic neural adaptations to exercise training in humans insights from microneurography Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30 387 391 Reid JD Intrieri RC Susman EJ amp Beard JL 1992 The Relationship of Serum and Salivary Cortisol in A Sample of Healthy Elderl
104. on average About ten percent was rejected through the AmsRes automatic scoring program and manual rejection The SPSS outlier detection job was responsible for an additional 1 However the percentage of breaths that need to be rejected varies between subjects In participants with a lot of bad signal for example spikes clipping abdominal breathing this could go up to 40 But better safe than sorry Only parts of the signal that show no evidence of artifacts should be saved Do not worry about removing a couple of breaths too many when dealing with a 24hr ambulatory monitoring signal Clearly this nonchalance is only justified when rejected data is spread randomly throughout the signal When bad signals always occur at certain emotions or events it would be a changing in the data to systematically remove these breaths HHA Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe HII IKI KIRA IRR IRI III IR III RISKS IIIS III III III III III ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke COMPUTE dataloss cases_1 cases_9 cases_1 100 EXECUTE VARIABLE LABEL dataloss Percent of breaths that were lost due to artifact and outlier rejection DESC VAR cases_1 cases_2 cases_3 cases_4 cases_5 cases_6 cases_7 cases_8 cases_9 dataloss STAT MEAN AGGREGATING DATA ACROSS CATEGORIES Usually the analyses will need a data set that is aggregated across longer time periods with fixed values for the labeling categories This is done by the SPSS
105. ondon Pittman Medical Montano N Ruscone TG Porta A Lombardi F Pagani M amp Malliani A 1994 Power Spectrum Analysis of Heart Rate Variability to Assess the Changes in Sympathovagal Balance During Graded Orthostatic Tilt Circulation 90 1826 1831 196 Mueller PJ 2007 Exercise training and sympathetic nervous system activity Evidence for physical activity dependent neural plasticity Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 34 377 384 Mujika amp Padilla S 2000 Detraining Loss of training induced physiological and performance adaptations Part Short term insufficient training stimulus Sports Medicine 30 79 87 Mujika amp Padilla S 2001 Cardiorespiratory and metabolic characteristics of detraining in humans Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33 413 421 Mukai S amp Hayano J 1995 Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Variabilities During Graded Head Up Tilt Journal of Applied Physiology 78 212 216 Mulder LJ 1992 Measurement and analysis methods of heart rate and respiration for use in applied environments Biol Psychol 34 205 236 Munck A Guyre PM amp Holbrook NJ 1984 Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions Endocrine Reviews 5 25 44 Munck A amp Naray Fejes Toth A 1994 Glucocorticoids and stress permissive and suppressive actions Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 746 115 130 Mundy Cast
106. opies only i e with LABEL_VARIABLE amp VALUES_Your_project sps CHECK_AMSGRA_allsubjects_Your_project sps CHECK_AMSRES_Your_subject_1 sps CHECK_AMSIMP_Your_subject_1 sps In these SPSS scripts a number of critical assumptions are made regarding the structure of your AMS data specifically the file names of the AMS files If you do not meet these assumptions it may need substantial effort to get these scripts to run So much so that you should consider renaming your file names to meet these assumption ASSUMPTIONS 1 The AMS file names are always of the same length 7 digits 2 The AMS file names are numerical only e g 0603001 3 The AMS file names identify the subject and the session i e 0045601 ams for subject 456 at the first test session or 0003603 ams for subject 36 at the third test session 4 You do not use AMSRES or AMSIMP before labeling the data with AMSGRA 5 You did not have the labels in AMSGRA overlap in time 216 FIRST Provide appropriate variable and value labels for your database in the SPSS script LABEL_VARIABLE amp VALUES_Your_project sps The examples given in this script should be able to guide you in doing this correctly SECOND Concatenate the AMSGRA lbl files to yield a single large ASCII input text file for SPSS which we refer to further as Your_project_labels dat To concatenate the AMGRA lbl files use the tool labelmerge exe under the MS DOS prompt see oth
107. or flight Mayo Clinic Proceedings 77 45 54 Cybulski G 2000 Ambulatory impedance cardiography new possibilities Journal of Applied Physiology 88 1509 1510 Dailey JW amp Westfall TC 1978 Effects of adrenalectomy and adrenal steroids on norepinephrine synthesis and monamine oxidase activity European Journal of Pharmacology 48 383 391 Davis M 1992 The Role of the Amygdala in Fear and Anxiety Annual Review of Neuroscience 15 353 375 Dawson ME Schell AM amp Filion DL 2000 The Electrodermal System In Cacioppo JT Tassinary LG amp Berntson GG Eds Handbook of Psychophysiology New York Cambridge University Press Debski TT Zhang Y Jennings JR Kamarck TW 1993 Stability of cardiac impedance measures aortic opening B point detection and scoring Biological Psychology 36 63 74 De Geus EJ Posthuma D Kupper N van den Berg M Willemsen G Beem AL Slagboom PE amp Boomsma DI 2005 A whole genome scan for 24 hour respiration rate a major locus at 10q26 influences respiration during sleep Am J Hum Genet 76 100 111 De Geus EJ van Doornen LJ amp Orlebeke JF 1993 Regular exercise and aerobic fitness in relation to psychological make up and physiological stress reactivity Psychosomatic Medicine 55 347 363 De Geus EJ Willemsen GH Klaver CH amp van Doornen LJ 1995 Ambulatory measurement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and respiration rate Biol Psychol 41 205 227 De Geus EJC Karsdorp
108. pinion on pharmacotherapy 4 2145 2149 Lozano DL Norman G Knox D Wood BL Miller BD Emery CF amp Berntson GG 2007 Where to B in dZ dt Psychophysiology 44 113 119 Lucini D Norbiato G Clerici M amp Pagani M 2002 Hemodynamic and Autonomic Adjustments to Real Life Stress Conditions in Humans Hypertension 39 184 188 Lykken DT lacono WG Haroian K Mcgue M amp Bouchard TJ 1988 Habituation of the Skin Conductance Response to Strong Stimuli A Twin Study Psychophysiology 25 4 15 Malik M amp Eckberg DL 1998 Sympathovagal Balance A Critical Appraisal 0 Response Circulation 98 2643 2644 Malliani A 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 684 Malliani A Pagani M Lombardi F amp Cerutti S 1991 Cardiovascular Neural Regulation Explored in the Frequency Domain Circulation 84 482 492 Malliani A Pagani M Montano N amp Mela GS 1998 Sympathovagal Balance A Reappraisal Circulation 98 2640a 2643 Mallion JM Baguet JP Siche JP Tremel F amp de Gaudemaris R 1999 Clinical value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring Journal of Hypertension 17 585 595 195 Mantero F amp Boscaro M 1992 Glucocorticoid dependent hypertension The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 43 409 413 Marik PE amp Zaloga GP 2002 Adrenal Insufficiency in the Critically Ill
109. r and exercise Effects of beta adrenergic blockade Psychophysiology 36 591 601 Woelk G 1994 Blood pressure tracking from child to adulthood a review Central African Journal of Medicine 40 163 169 205 Woodside DB Winter K amp Fisman S 1991 Salivary Cortisol in Children Correlations with Serum Values and Effect of Psychotropic Drug Administration Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 36 746 748 Wurtman RJ amp Axelrod J 1966 Control of enzymatic synthesis of adrenaline in the adrenal medulla by adrenal cortical steroids Journal of Biological Chemistry 241 2301 2305 Wurtman RJ 2002 Stress and the adrenocortical control of epinephrine synthesis Metabolism 51 11 14 Wust S Wolf J Hellhammer DH Federenko Schommer N amp Kirschbaum C 2000 The cortisol awakening response normal values and confounds Noise and Health 2 79 88 Yusuf S Hawken S Ounpuu S Dans T Avezum A Lanas F McQueen M Budaj A Pais P Varigos J amp Liu LS 2004 Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries the INTERHEART study case control study Lancet 364 937 952 Zaloga GP amp Marik P 2001 Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal insufficiency Critical care clinics 17 25 41 206 Appendices Appendix VU AMS 5fs The Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System or VU AMS for short is a syste
110. rative work 32 general activities at work 33 household activities 34 active transport driving yourself 35 passive transport passenger 36 telephone talking business 37 telephone talking private 218 38 reading PC recreative 39 eating drinking 40 watching television 41 recreative activity 42 sleep 43 unknown 81 sleep1 82 sleep2 83 sleep3 84 sleep4 85 sleep5 86 sleep6 87 sleep7 88 sleep8 89 sleep9 90 sleep10 91 sleep11em EXECUTE VALUE LABELS location 40 work 41 home 42 outside 43 friend 44 on the road 45 public 46 hospital medical doctor 48 family elsewhere 49 unknown EXECUTE VALUE LABELS social 50 alone 51 with SO 52 with own kids 53 with friends 54 with colleagues 55 with others 56 with family 57 unknown EXECUTE 219 CHECK_AMSGRA_allsubjects_Your_project sps SET PRINTBACK OFF File name CHECK amp _AMSGRA_generic sps Version July 2007 label Data File version 101 Some easy to locate DEFINEs that set the WORKING DIRECTORY the input file with the concatenated LBL files of all subjects and a file that defines the variable and value labels for the categories of your labeled periods DEFINE DIRY C Your full dire
111. rdiorespiratory coupling Psychophysiology 42 202 212 Kupper NH Willemsen G van den Berg M de Boer D Posthuma D Boomsma DI amp de Geus EJ 2004 Heritability of ambulatory heart rate variability Circulation 110 2792 2796 La Rovere MT Pinna GD Maestri R Mortara A Capomolla S Febo O Ferrari R Franchini M Gnemmi M Opasich C Riccardi PG Traversi E amp Cobelli F 2003 Short Term Heart Rate Variability Strongly Predicts Sudden Cardiac Death in Chronic Heart Failure Patients Circulation 107 565 570 Lacey JI amp Lacey BC 1958 Verification and Extension of the Principle of Autonomic Response Stereotypy American Journal of Psychology 71 50 73 Lander E amp Kruglyak L 1995 Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits Guidelines for Interpreting and Reporting Linkage Results Nature Genetics 11 241 247 Langewitz W amp Ruddel H 1989 Spectral analysis of heart rate variability under mental stress J Hypertens Suppl 7 32 S33 Laszlo Z Rossler A amp Hinghofer Szalkay HG 2001 Cardiovascular and hormonal changes with different angles of head up tilt in men Physiological Research 50 71 82 Laude D 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 687 Lawler KA Kline KA Adlin RF Wilcox ZC Craig FW Krishnamoorthy JS Piferi RL 2001 Psychophysiological correlates of individual differences in patterns of hem
112. s DATA LIST statement will differ according to the settings used when creating the rsr file see Edit Options in AmsRes WE ASSUME THAT ALL OUTPUT FIELDS HAVE BEEN GENERATED i e ALL BOXED TICKED WITH EXCEPTION OF write file header ALSO WE ASSUME THAT THE BREATH IS TIMESTAMPED WITH A LONG DATE TIME FORMAT FINALLY WE ASSUME THAT 5 DIFFERENT CATEGORIES WERE USED IN LABELING THE DATA UNDER AMSGRA In short the file header of the AMSRES report file would have looked like column 1 width 8 Subject ID column 2 width 7 Breath Number column 3 width 7 Beat to beat sequence number starting at 0 historic no longer used column 4 width 9 Date dd mm yy column 5 width 9 Time hh mm ss column 6 width 6 eee time ms column 7 width 6 Expiration time ms column 8 width 6 Shortest accelerating inspiration ms column 9 width 6 Longest decelerating expiration ms column 10 width 6 Respiration Rate ms column 11 width 6 Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia RSA ms 226 column 12 width 6 Mean IBI across the duration of the breath ms column 13 width 8 correlation between mean IBI and RSA running average on 30 s column 14 width 8 dZ Amplitude raw signal min Ohm column 15 width 8 dZ Amplitude raw signal max Ohm column 16 width 8 dZ Amplitude filtere
113. s a function of affective valence and arousal and gender Journal of Psychosomatic Research 50 245 253 Newlin DB amp Levenson RW 1979 Pre ejection period measuring beta adrenergic influences upon the heart Psychophysiology 16 546 553 Nijsen MJ Croiset G Diamant M de Wied D amp Wiegant VM 2001 CRH signalling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is involved in stress induced cardiac vagal activation in conscious rats Neuropsychopharmacology 24 1 10 Nolan J Batin PD Andrews R Lindsay SJ Brooksby P Mullen M Baig W Flapan AD Cowley A Prescott RJ Neilson JMM amp Fox KAA 1998 Prospective Study of Heart Rate Variability and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure Results of the United Kingdom Heart Failure Evaluation and Assessment of Risk Trial UK Heart Circulation 98 1510 1516 Oelkers W 1996 Adrenal insufficiency The New England Journal of Medicine 335 1206 1212 197 Ovadia M Gear K Thoele D amp Marcus FI 1995 Accelerometer Systolic Time Intervals As Fast Response Sensors of Upright Posture in the Young Circulation 92 1849 1859 Pagani M Lombardi F Guzzetti S Rimoldi O Furlan R Pizzinelli P Sandrone G Malfatto G Dellorto S Piccaluga E Turiel M Baselli G Cerutti S amp Malliani A 1986 Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure Variabilities As A Marker of Sympathovagal Interaction in Man and Conscious Dog Circulation Research 59 178 193 Pa
114. se to the exercise treadmill test American Heart Journal 153 281 288 Dickerson SS amp Kemeny ME 2004 Acute stressors and cortisol responses a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research Psychol Bull 130 355 391 Dixon EM Kamath MV Mccartney N amp Fallen EL 1992 Neural Regulation of Heart Rate Variability in Endurance Athletes and Sedentary Controls Cardiovascular Research 26 713 719 Doerr BM Miles DS Frey MA 1981 Influence of respiration on stroke volume determined by impedance cardiography Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 52 394 398 Eckberg DL 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 688 Eckberg DL 1997 Sympathovagal Balance A Critical Appraisal Circulation 96 3224 3232 Eckberg DL 2003 The human respiratory gate Journal of Physiology 548 339 52 Edelberg R 1972 Electrodermal recovery rate goal orientation and aversion Psychophysiology 9 512 520 Eisenhofer G Kopin IJ amp Goldstein DS 2004 Catecholamine metabolism A contemporary view with implications for physiology and medicine Pharmacological Reviews 56 331 349 Elstad M amp Toska K 2006 Point Counterpoint Cardiovascular variability is is not an index of autonomic control of circulation Journal of Applied Physiology 101 687 Erickson K Drevets W amp Schulkin J 2003 Glucocort
115. ses_9 Excluding the extremes in the tail of the RR and RSA distributions AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_9 MAX cases_9 7 CHECK EAE e edee dedet teede te Fede k He Ae ke te Ae de te He Fee te Fede de He Aee aaa de h Ae de ke He Fede TIT TT TT TT dedede ke de dee ke dede keke Next we correlate the RSA values with the respiration rate C RR RSA should be between 0 7 and 0 1 although exceptions may occur C RSAO RSA should be higher than 0 7 KIRK Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IKI IIR He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He III IIIS III III III III IIIS ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke 232 CORR rr rsa WITH rsazero EXECUTE This concludes outlier detection and the selected remaining breaths can be saved SAVING RAW DAT ene eee ee RAINE EAE RARE LAER ANSARI ER REN ENE What we are SAVING here is a set of variables that have a value for each BREATH i e each BREATH is treated as a single case by SPSS All _amsres sav files can be added in an additional job to make one final RSA datafile including all your subjects HIKE Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IKI IIR III He He He He He IIIA IRI III III IIIS IIIS IIIS IIIS IIIS IIIS ke ke ke ke ke SAVE OUTFILE DIRY FILE _amsres sav EXECUTE CHECK tte Be aware of how much signal you throw away and why In our dataset about 11 of the data was thrown away
116. shing it will be confirmed by a short beep Stopping the measurement If you want to stop the measurement temporarily e g for taking a shower press the event button for at least 3 seconds until the green light ceases flashing Next unplug the lead wire connector from its socket and disconnect the lead wires from the electrodes The electrodes themselves are waterproof and need not be removed from the skin To restart the measurement simply follow the instructions above starting at Attachment of the lead wires Still working A small indicator light on top of the device will be flashing about once every three seconds as long as the VU AMS is recording Something is going wrong e The green light is flashing very rapidly Diagnosis The Compact Flash card is not properly installed Solution Install the Compact Flash card in the proper way e The green light is flashing rapidly Diagnosis The battery lid is not properly fastened Solution Fasten the battery lid in the proper way e You hear a double beep the alert beep Diagnosis The battery voltage is becoming low Solution Replace the batteries with fresh ones e An electrode comes off a lead wire gets disattched or the lead wire connector is pulled out by accident Solution No worries Just attach the electrode again use a spare one if necessary reattach the lead wire or plug the connector back into the socket Otherwise for online help dial the nu
117. sion 13 or higher INPUT The script will read an individual iar file delivered by AMSIMP using the DATA LIST command below It is assumed that each line of the iar file represents ICG data from the large scale ensemble average across an entire labeled period When saving the iar file make sure to create an average report file iar with option average over labels checked also make sure that UNLABELED PERIODS are NOT WRITTEN to the outputfile by AMSIMP uncheck option write unlabeled periods Stroke volume based parameters are meaningful only if ZO and L have been appropriately filled in for the subject ACTION The AMSIMP data are read into SPSS Integrity of the impedance data is checked in various ways and a number of additional parameters are computed LIST OF VARIABLES TO BE READ Subject Subject identification 1 8 string ensemble_no Number of the ensemble average since start of recording starts at 0 9 15 integer block Beat to beat block number starts at 0 can still be gt 1 in continuous recordings because of hold continues 16 22 integer date Start date of the ensemble average 24 31 date dd mm yy time Exact start time of the ensemble average 33 40 time hh mm ss PEP Time of the upstroke B point this time is in reference to Q ONSET in ms 41 46 integer dzdt_min Time of the dz dt min point Z point this time is in reference
118. sone hypertension in rats role of prostaglandins and pressor sensitivity to norepinephrine Hypertension 6 236 241 Harms MP Wesseling KH Pott F Jenstrup M van Goudoever J Secher NH van Lieshout JJ 1999 Continuous stroke volume monitoring by modelling flow from non invasive measurement of arterial pressure in humans under orthostatic stress Clinical Science 97 291 301 Harris B Watkins S Cook N Walker RF Read GF amp Riadfahmy D 1990 Comparisons of Plasma and Salivary Cortisol Determinations for the Diagnostic Efficacy of the Dexamethasone Suppression Test Biological psychiatry 27 897 904 Harris WS Schoenfeld CD amp Weissler AM 1967 Effects of adrenergic receptor activation and blockade on the systolic preejection period heart rate and arterial pressure in man J Clin Invest 46 1704 1714 190 Hatfield BD Spalding TW Santa Maria DL Porges SW Potts JT Byrne EA Brody EB amp Mahon AD 1998 Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during exercise in aerobically trained and untrained men Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30 206 214 Hautala AJ Makikallio TH Kiviniemi A Laukkanen RT Nissila S Huikuri HV amp Tulppo MP 2003 Cardiovascular autonomic function correlates with the response to aerobic training in healthy sedentary subjects American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 285 H1747 H1752 Hayano J Yamada M Sakakibara Y Fujinami T Yokoyama K Watanabe Y
119. t yet combine ECG SCL and ECG ICG in a single device You will have to choose the appropriate signals at the AmsRevertFormat option screen For instance to create an ams file with ECG ICG signals use the following settings in AmsRevertFormat Then save the file as an impedance recording DZ bch Lookin MCom Hd eos Fe amp Local Disk C 7 ds DVD RW Drive D My Recent Removable Disk E Documents S ITMdisk on fent Z Desktop 9 My Documents My Computer a Micra File name Places Files of type AMS ICG Files DZ bch ir AMS ICG Files D2 bch AMS SCL Files SCL bch AMS beat Files beat x All Files 21x 213 Appendix Ill How to attach the VU AMS 5fs 4 ICG l 1 iccv blue ECG ve yellow white ICG V yellow 7 5 9 ECG V ICG I 2 black blue ECG GND green Attachment of the ECG ICG electrodes Clean the skin at the 7 positions indicated in the figure Rub the skin firmly with an alcohol soaked tissue or if alcohol is not available use a clean dry tissue Attach an electrode by pressing the sticky plastic brim of the electrode on the skin and subsequently pushing the metal stud at the center of the electrode firmly to properly spread the contact gel ECG 1 V Slightly below the right collar bone 4 cm to the right of the sternum 2 GND On the right side between the lower two ribs
120. te Bede te Hede te te Fede de Ae de k He Je ke He Ae de t He Feke le Fede de He deke de Ae de ke Ae deke iia Usually the distribution is skewed to the right so removing with a 3 SD criterion eliminates about 1 to 2 Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He e He he He He ke e e e ke e e e ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke Add the Z scores of inspiration and expiration time DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES insp exp SAVE STATISTICS MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX SELECT IF Zinsp gt 3 SELECT IF Zexp gt 3 SELECT IF Zinsp lt 3 SELECT IF Zexp lt 3 EXECUTE COMPUTE cases_5 SCASENUM VARIABLE LABLE cases_5 Excluding breaths 3SD deviated from the mean 229 AGGREGATE OUTFILE MODE ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE YES BREAK subject cases_5 MAX cases_5 HAKKAR KIKI HII IKI IIR IIR IIR IIR III III III IIIS IIIS III III ISI ke IIS IIIS ke ke ke ke With the next statements we will compute the tidal volume as the difference between the dZ amplitude at the peak and the troughs The filtered signal will be used note that any calibration to spirometric volumes must be done using the filtered volumes COMPUTE Vt dzMaxf dzMinf EXECUTE CHECK AEE Aee edee dede te teede de Fede k eeke te Ae de te He Fee te Fede te He Aee de Aee te Ae de h Ae Je k He Fede te Ae de k He Hede h Ae de k Ae Jek de
121. u prepared before running this job In the example below the include file supplies VARIABLE names and VALUES for posture physical load type of the activity location and social situation This may of course be different in your include file HAKKAR KIKI Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe IIR III deed III IIIS IIIS III III III III II SII IIIS ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke INCLUDE DIRY labelF sps 4S AVING DAT A Aeee tede tede deste dedek teede te dedek dede e k dedek dede i i aa dedede IIIT TRIER What we are finally SAVING is a set of variables that have a value for each labeled period Each labeled period is treated as a single case by SPSS Although the code of the subject is available for each labeled period an SPSS case now does NOT equal a case subject in your study e Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He He Fe Fe Fe He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He He he He He He He He He He He He He e He e e He e e e ke ke e ke e ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke ke SAVE OUTFILE DIRY FILE _amsres sav EXECUTE 234 CHECK_AMSIMP_Your_subject_1 sps SET PRINTBACK OFF File name CHECK amp _AMSIMP_singlesubject_generic sps Version July 2007 label Data File version 101 Some easy to locate DEFINEs that set the WORKING DIRECTORY the input file with the large scale ensemble averaged impedance data iar for a single subject and a file that defines the v
122. whether this is due to breaths with a truly low RSA i e where the coupling of shortibi and longibi to the respiratory cycle is lost or whether the AmsRes automatic scoring program hopelessly failed for this participant RSAZERO is calculated out of shortibi and longibi In contrast to the original RSA value values for RSAZERO are set to zero when neg 1 absence of a valid 231 shortibi and or longibi or reverse 1 shortibi gt longibi In our experience a lot of cases of neg 1 or reverse 1 are due to a true low RSA and RSA should be set to zero We also keep the original RSA value RSA For breaths with neg 1 or reverse 1 however RSA is interpreted to be missing and these breaths are excluded HHA Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe Fe He Fe Fe Fe IIR He He He He He He He He He He He He keke heden keek He e He e He He e e e e ke e e e ke ke ke ke ke ke e ke ke ke ke ke ke ke COMPUTE rsazero longibi shortibi IF reverse 1 or neg 1 rsazero 0 IF reverse 1 or neg 1 rsa 1 EXECUTE This statement makes sure that missing values are excluded from the calculation of the means of these variables Note that we could do this earlier than at this point because 1 values of longibi and shortibi were used as meaningful signals MISSING VALUES LONGIBI SHORTIBI RSA 1 EXECUTE CHECK tementen Fede te Ae de k He Jede I TTT TTT dedede ke de dee ke Hede keke OUTLIERS OF RR RSA an
123. y Journals of Gerontology 47 176 179 Reul JMHM Gesing A Droste S Stec ISM Weber A Bachmann C Bilang Bleuel A Holsboer F amp Linthorst ACE 2000 The brain mineralocorticoid receptor greedy for ligand mysterious in function European Journal of Pharmacology 405 235 249 Rice T An P Gagnon J Leon AS Skinner JS Wilmore JH Bouchard C amp Rao DC 2002 Heritability of HR and BP response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 34 972 979 Riese H Groot PF van den Berg M Kupper NH Magnee EH Rohaan EJ Vrijkotte TG Willemsen G amp de Geus EJ 2003 Large scale ensemble averaging of ambulatory impedance cardiograms Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 35 467 477 Riese H Rijsdijk FV Ormel J van Roon AM Neeleman J amp Rosmalen JGM 2006 Genetic influences on baroreflex sensitivity during rest and mental stress Journal of Hypertension 24 1779 1786 199 Riese H Van Doomen LJP Houtman ILD amp de Geus EJC 2004 Job strain in relation to ambulatory blood pressure heart rate and heart rate variability among female nurses Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment amp Health 30 477 485 Ring C Carroll D Willemsen G Cooke J Ferraro A amp Drayson M 1999 Secretory immunoglobulin A and cardiovascular activity during mental arithmetic and paced breathing Psychophysiology 36 602 609 Ring C Burns VE Carroll D 2002 Shifting hemod
124. ynamics of blood pressure control during prolonged mental stress Psychophysiology 39 585 590 Ritz T amp Dahme B 2006 Implementation and interpretation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia measures in psychosomatic medicine practice against better evidence Psychosomatic Medicine 68 617 627 Roozendaal B 2002 Stress and memory opposing effects of glucocorticoids on memory consolidation and memory retrieval Neurobiology of learning and memory 78 578 595 Roozendaal B amp McGaugh JL 1996 The memory modulatory effects of glucocorticoids depend on an intact stria terminalis Brain research 709 243 250 Rosenwinkel ET Bloomfield DM Arwardy MA amp Goldsmith RL 2001 Exercise and autonomic function in health and cardiovascular disease Cardiology Clinics 19 369 387 Rosmond R amp Bjorntorp P 2000 The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis activity as a predictor of cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes and stroke Journal of Internal Medicine 247 188 197 Rossy LA amp Thayer JF 1998 Fitness and gender related differences in heart period variability Psychosomatic Medicine 60 773 781 Roveda F Middlekauff HR Rondon MUPB Reis SF Souza M Nastari L Barretto ACP Krieger EM amp Negrao CE 2003 The effects of exercise training on sympathetic neural activation in advanced heart failure A randomized controlled trial Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42 854 860 Roy MP Kirschbaum C amp Steptoe A

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