EcoSense - Universität Stuttgart
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1. Figure 4 1 Reference Environment Database Dialog box 1 The Database Interface 21 Reference Environment Database Receptor Population Unit absolute number HUTS Administrative Current New New code unit value value Reference BRRJ330Barra do Pirai 85391 xl Value current 85391 aes o j Reference current new Figure 4 2 Reference Environment Database Dialog box 2 Edit dialog The lists box shows the NUTS code the name of the administrative unit and the current value for the selected receptor In the column Current value one of the following entries may be displayed a number A value exists already in the database for exactly this administrative unit A value exists in the region covering all administrative units in the list In this case changes are accepted only if you edit all entries in order to keep the coverage of the region complete The value of the covering region will be deleted then Values exist in smaller subregions of the administrative unit If you enter a new value for this line and push OK all entries in the subregions subdividing this administrative unit will be deleted No value was found the current value is assumed to be zero 22 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Select the administrative unit you wish to edit and enter a new value and a new reference string into the edit boxes below After clicking the OK b2. 16 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual The system currently supports three different levels of administrative units for Brazil country state municipal while for all other countries only national average data are available 4 2 1 Create a new emission scenario Start the Emission Scenario Manager by selecting lt Database gt lt Emission Scenario Manager gt from the menu of the main screen The Edit Scenario dialogue shown in Figure 4 1 appears Select one of the template emission inventories from the Scenario name list box Note The computing time for the transformation of emission data from administrative units to the regular grid increases by using higher levels of sectoral spatial resolution It is therefore recommended to always use the highest reasonable aggregation level Edit Scenario x Scenario name Template scen dmin 2 SECT 2 for 1990 xl Scenario ID TB22 NUTS level 2 Rescale scenario Sector type Edgar 1990 Sector level 2 Edit Values Template scenario on Admin level 2 and sector level 2 emissions from EDGAR 1990 Read from file Transformation to Grids Reference Scenario Copy Scenario BRAZIL 90 Reference EDGAR bea Scenario ID BR90 NUTS level 3 Reference Emissions EDGAR 1990 on sector level 2 Figure 4 1 The Edit Scenario dialogue The Database Interface 17 After selecting one of the template inventories c
3. kA Main Screen Figure 1 2 The EcoSense modules from a user s perspective 1 2 Software used The following software has been used for the implementation of the EcoSense system e Microsoft Visual C 1 52 for Windows e Borland Paradox e Borland Paradox Engine The use of a high level programming language in combination with a relational database system seems to be an appropriate technical solution for processing and managing large amounts of data required for impact assessment The Paradox Engine organizes the transfer of data between the database tables and the C Program 4 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual 1 3 Air quality modeling The Windrose Trajectory Model WTM included in the EcoSense package is a user configurable trajectory model based on the windrose approach of the Harwell Trajectory Model developed at Harwell Laboratory UK For current applications the WTM is configured to resemble the atmospheric chemistry of the Harwell Trajectory Model other mechanisms can be adopted as well 1 4 Reference Environment Database The reference environment database provides an emission inventory receptor data and meteorological data on administrative units except of meteorological data to facilitate the user s access to the data and ona regular grid system gridded data are used as an input for air quality modeling and impact assessment The system automatically organizes the transfer of data between
4. subst_expression Funcname and each parameter must not be defined yet You cannot define a function that starts with a known name expe x will cause an error at the e since exp is a predefined function Any character is allowed except of 0 and white space Avoid characters other than A Z a z 0 9 and _ underscore Parameters are separated by commas The list may be empty but the surrounding parentheses are still necessary The Database Interface 27 The subst_expression may use these parameters like variables After the all parameters become invalid You can reuse these names for another definition From now on up to the end of this expression you can use the function like any other function Examples invert x if x 0 then 0 else 1 x invert max 1 5 Conc fO x x 1 g x f f 0 1 f g g g Variable Note A function definition does not increase evaluation speed This feature is implemented to increase readability Table 4 1 Standard functions and operators supported by EcoSense Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division with standard rules Power Associativity a b c a b c a b c a b c Natural logarithm In is the logarithm with base exp 1 2 71828 Relative Relative deviation from x due to y relative x y x y y A special function is IF expr lt l l gt expr THEN expr ELSE expr Each expr may be another expression including IF s The result
5. A new impact category can be defined by clicking on the New button in the Aggregation Scheme Editor Figure 6 2 The dialogue shown in Figure 6 1 pops up asking for the name and optional a description of the new impact category Like in the case of aggregation schemes it is possible to copy data from existing impact categories by checking the Copy impact data from existing category check box to simplify the definition of a new category Generate New Impact Category Ea Impact Category Name max 32 char Description max 255 char Copy impact data from existing category Figure 6 1 Definition of a new impact category After clicking the OK button the Impact Category Editor Figure 6 2 appears The user consecutively selects the receptor the pollutants the exposure response functions and monetary values that shall be included in the new impact category by clicking on the entries in the respective list boxes After selecting a receptor in the Receptor list box and confirming the selection by clicking the Accept button the Pollutant list box is filled with those pollutants available in the exposure response database that are linked to the selected receptor After selecting pollutants from the list and confirming the selection by clicking on the Accept button the Exposure Response Function list box shows all the exposure response functions available in the database that are related to the selected recept
6. is the value of the expr after THEN if the condition holds Otherwise the function returns the value of the expr after ELSE Conditions other than lt and gt are not available Use parentheses if you want to continue after an if expression For example the following construction is allowed sqrt if x gt 0 then x else x 1 Minimum of the two arguments Maximum of the two arguments Heaviside function theta x means if x gt 0 then 1 else 0 This function can be used to include thresholds for example theta TotalConcentration 0 2 x yields x if TotalConcentration exceeds 0 2 otherwise the result is 0 Range range x a b means if x in interval a b then 1 else 0 4 5 Monetary Values 28 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Note To add or modify monetary values select the items lt System gt lt Database gt and lt Monetary Values gt from the main menu Use the Receptor list box Sub group list box and Impact list box in the Impact Specification panel to select the physical impact related to the monetary value you want to add or edit Figure 4 1 After selection the left hand edit field in the Monetary Valuation panel shows a list of the monetary values related to the selected impact that are currently available in the database Monetary values can be defined only for impacts for which an exposure response function has been defined before EcoSense Monetary Unit Values x Impa
7. it active and then press the lt Shft gt and lt Ins gt keys to copy the expression from the clipboard into the edit field Reference Click on the Reference button to open the Function Reference dialogue Figure 4 2 Enter the reference and comments into the respective edit fields Click the OK button to confirm and to go back to the previous screen Note that the reference entry is used for the identification of the exposure response function in various list boxes in other modules of the system The Database Interface 25 Impact acute mortality Reference Schwartz 1994al Comments Figure 4 2 Specification of a reference related to an exposure response function Define a new impact In the case the exposure response function to add is related to a physical impact that is not yet included in the mpact list box click the New Impact button to define a new impact in the New Impact dialogue Figure 4 3 Enter the type of impact the unit to measure the impact and comments into the respective edit fields Click the OK button to confirm and to go back to the previous screen Dean ns Impact Cough days Unit days Comments Cancel Figure 4 3 Define a new impact 4 4 2 Edit existing exposure response functions Select the items lt System gt lt Database gt lt Exposure Response Functions gt lt Human Health gt or other receptors and lt Edit Data gt from the main menu to modify previously de
8. or use the up down buttons of the Rescaling field to specify the new amount of annual emissions as a given percentage of the Reference Value After confirming the new value by clicking on the Accept button the user might select further region sector combinations to modify emission data for the same pollutant Before selecting another pollutant in the Pollutant list box click on the Save button to write the modified emission data to the database After saving data for one pollutant the user might modify emission data for other pollutants within the same scenario The definition of a new emission scenario is finished by clicking the Exit button the system goes back to the Edit Scenario dialogue Figure 4 1 dialogue Before using the new emission scenario as an input to air quality modeling and subsequent impact assessment the new emission data have to be transferred from the administrative units to the regular grid system Start the transformation procedure by selecting the scenario in the Scenario name list box and then click the Transformation to Grids button Note that the transformation is a complex task which needs some computing time A scenario can be deleted by selecting it from the Scenario name list box and then click on the Delete Scenario button The system deletes several database tables related to the selected scenario from the database Return to the main menu by clicking on the Cancel button The EDGAR database does not prov
9. Scenario panel The total assessment feature allows the user to carry out a full impact assessment automatically for several emission scenario reference scenario combinations see below Scenarios can be removed from the list by using the Remove selected or Remove all buttons Impact Assessment panel The user specifies which impacts are evaluated in the Receptor list box In the current version the impact pathways related to human health and crop losses are supported The item All pathways in the list box can be used to evaluate all pathways i e human health and crops automatically in the total assessment mode see below The currency and the related base year in which external costs will be presented are specified in the Currency and Base Year list boxes Ensure that exchange rate and consumer price index for the selected currency base year combination is available in the database If not add relevant data to the Pathway Analysis 33 database by using the interface available under the lt Setup gt lt Currency gt menu from the main screen see sections 7 3 and 7 4 According to the status of the Impact per Year and Impact per kWh radio buttons impacts and external costs are calculated as impacts per year or as impacts per kWh The calculation of impacts per kWh are not possible for emission scenarios defined with the Emission Scenario Manager If the Calculation Country by Country check box is checked the sys
10. Universitat Stuttgart Institut fUr Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung IER User s Manual i EcoSense Brazil Latin America Version 1 0 i Acknowledgment The implementation of the EcoSense software is based on the methodological approach developed in the ExternE Project on External Costs of Energy funded by the European Commission DG XII JOULE Programme The development of EcoSense would not have been possible without the input of many experts involved in the ExternE project including Fintan Hurley IOM Mike Hornung ITE Mike Holland and Jacquie Berry ETSU Nick Eyre EEE Anil Markandya University of Bath Ari Rabl ARMINES and many others The implementation of the EcoSense model in Brazil Latin America was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency The windrose trajectory model which is implemented in EcoSense is a HTM like atmospheric model HTM Harwell Trajectory Model developed by Derwent and co workers at AEA Technology Harwell Laboratory UK It is configured to resemble results of a 1991 FORTRAN version of HTM but program design and implementation are quite different from the FORTRAN HTM and it contains no code written by AEA Technology Dr Colin Johnson at that time 1993 AEA Technology encouraged the use of the model by various ExternE teams provided the 1991 FORTRAN version of the HTM literature on the model and a one week training on concepts and application of HTM at Harwell L
11. aboratory He also approved that IER would develop a model interpreter based on the windrose approach of HTM and give this interpreter to the public Dr David Lee AEA Technology provided help on details of the chemical mechanism and approved that IER employs a HTM like windrose trajectory model in the EcoSense software for application in the ExternE project The emission inventory for Latin America was derived from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research EDGAR Version 2 0 EcoSense has been developed within the Section of Technology Assessment at the Department of Technology Assessment and Environment TFU IER with contributions from Bert Droste Franke Thomas Heck Wolfram Krewitt Dirk Malthan Petra Mayerhofer Frank Pattermann Alfred Trukenmiiller Ralf Ungermann and Rainer Friedrich Head of the Department of Technology Assessment and Environment Prof Rainer Friedrich Head of the Section of Technology Assessment Dr Wolfram Krewitt Address of the institute Institute of Energy Economics and the Rational Use of Energy IER University of Stuttgart Hessbruehlstrasse 49a D 70565 Stuttgart Germany Internet http www ier uni stuttgart de University of Stuttgart 1999 Content 1 Introduction General Remarks 1 1 Structure of the EcoSense system 1 2 Software used 1 3 Air quality modeling 1 4 Reference Environment Database 1 5 Structure of the Manual 2 Installation 2 1 Hardware requir
12. administrative units and the grid system The grid system is based on geographical longitude and latitude with a gridcell size of 0 5 x 0 5 The modeling domain covers an area from 33 5 West to 96 West and 42 South to 12 North In the Version 1 0 of EcoSense Brazil Latin America receptor data are available for population and the production of various crop types The database provides meteorological data wind speed wind direction precipitation which are required by the Windrose Trajectory Model Table 1 1 Reference environment data included in the EcoSense database Source Receptor distribution Population Production of barley potatoes FAO sugar beets wheat Meteorological data Wind speed US NCAR Wind direction US NCAR Precipitation Global Precipitation Climatology Centre GPCC Emissions SO NO NH3 Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research EDGAR Introduction 5 1 5 Structure of the Manual The EcoSense User s Manual does not provide any information on methodological aspects For a full discussion of the methodological framework the reader should refer to European Commission DG XII Science Research and Development JOULE ExternE Externalities of Energy Volume 2 Methodology EUR 16521 1995 and European Commission DG XII Science Research and Development JOULE ExternE Externalities of Energy Volume 7 Methodology 1998 update EUR 19083 1999 A comprehensive set of reports
13. ality model the local check box is not active By clicking on one of the map buttons you can display the background concentration as well as the increment in concentration of the previously selected pollutant Note The map buttons are only active after performing at least one impact assessment calculation the system loads the relevant data into memory for calculation only No data on background concentrations for particulates are currently available in the database Impact Assessment panel Select an exposure response function from the Exp response function list box Only functions related to the previously selected pollutant are included in the list Click the Calc button to start the physical impact quantification Valuation panel Select a monetary value from the list box Only monetary values related to the impact specified by the previously selected exp response function are included in the list Click the Calc button to start the calculation of costs Note After specifying the exp response function you can immediately select a monetary value in the Valuation panel and then start the calculation of both physical impacts and economic damage at the same time by clicking the Calc button in the Valuation panel Use the lt Save gt item from the menu to save the current results to the database Pathway Analysis 37 5 3 2 Full Assessment procedure While the step by step analysis described above provides a high degree
14. all the impact categories that have been defined earlier and thus can be used to build up a new aggregation scheme for the creation of a new impact category see section 6 2 Use the arrow buttons to copy impact categories to the list of Impact Categories Included on the left hand side of the dialogue The impact categories that are listed under the Impact Categories Included are elements of the new aggregation scheme Click on the OK button to confirm the selection and finish the definition of the aggregation scheme Report Manager 43 Aggregation Scheme Editor none selected Figure 6 2 The Aggregation Scheme Editor To edit an existing aggregation scheme select the aggregation scheme to be edited from the Aggregation Scheme list box of the Report Manger dialogue Figure 6 1 and click on the Edit button The Aggregation Scheme Editor appears and the aggregation scheme can be modified by removing or adding impact categories to or from the list of Impact Categories Included An aggregation scheme can be deleted by selecting it from the Aggregation Scheme list box of the Report Manger dialogue Figure 6 1 and then clicking on the Delete button 44 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual 6 2 Create and Edit Impact Categories The impact categories are the basic elements of an aggregation scheme The impact category is the level on which individual impacts are aggregated to a single number
15. ated information rather than in detailed results for all impact indicators the use of the aggregation scheme helps to present results on the level of aggregation required The aggregation scheme defines for which impacts and impact categories aggregated results are presented in the report Report Specification panel In the Report Specification panel the user specifies for which emission scenario a report is generated and how results are presented The emission scenario reference scenario combination for which a report shall be generated is selected in the Emission Scenario and Reference Scenario list boxes Only those scenario combinations appear in the list boxes for which results are available in the database The selection of an aggregation scheme in the Aggregation Scheme list box specifies the way how results are presented in the report By selecting a currency and the related base year in the Currency and Base Year list boxes the user specifies the currency in which monetary values are reported To present impacts and external costs occurring within individual countries click on the Individual Countries radio button and select the countries to be included in the report from the list box The report will present results for individual countries in addition to the total impacts external costs If the All 40 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Countries radio button is checked only the total impacts external costs occ
16. character identification of the reference scenario to build the filenames The filenames might be modified by the user Use the Directories and Drives list boxes to specify the directory to which the reports are written The default directory is the reports directory Click on the Generate Report button to start the generation of the report By clicking the View buttons you can directly browse or print the report files after generating them 42 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual 6 1 Create and Edit an Aggregation Scheme Click on the New button in the Report Specification panel of the Report Manger dialogue to start the definition of a new aggregation scheme The dialogue shown in Figure 6 1 appears Enter a name for the new aggregation scheme and optional a brief description of the scheme To copy impact categories from an existing scheme into the new scheme check the Copy impact categories from existing scheme check box This might simplify the definition of a new scheme Generate New Aggregation Scheme x r ggregation Scheme Name max 32 char New scheme Description max 255 char AMA o rImpact Categories Copy impact categories from existing scheme Figure 6 1 Definition of a new aggregation scheme After clicking the OK button the Aggregation Scheme Editor pops up Figure 6 2 The list of Available Impact Categories on the right hand side of the dialogue shows
17. ct Specification Receptor crops M OK Sub group barley x Cancel Impact yield loss di x Monetary Yaluation 5 4 ECU 1991 Add dii Delete Currency Base year Le Reference Figure 4 1 Add edit monetary values Add a new monetary value To add a new monetary value enter the numerical value into the Value edit field and select the related currency and base year in the Currency and Base year list box After clicking the Add button the new value is added to the list of monetary values shown in the edit field Click on the Reference button to open the dialogue shown in Figure 4 2 Enter reference and comments into the respective edit fields Click the OK button to confirm and to go back to the previous screen The Database Interface 29 EcoSense Monetary Unit Values x Receptor Impact Unit Value Reference FAO Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Vol 4 1993 Comments crops yield loss di 5 4 ECU 1991 Cancel Figure 4 2 Specification of a reference related to a monetary value Delete a monetary value Mark the monetary value that you want to delete by clicking on it in the left hand edit field of the Monetary Valuation panel and then click on the Delete button Note that all intermediate and final results related to the deleted monetary value are deleted from the database system Click on the OK or Cancel button to con
18. d only in the European Version of EcoSense requires more data than the Windrose Trajectory Model The data fields that are related to the ISC model only are de activated in the current version The Database Interface 13 EcoSense Reference Technology Database ile Ea Facility Mateus Lemes Oil fired plant Gross Electricity Production 125 MW Electricity Sent Out 125 MW Full Load Hours per Year ooo h 502 Emissions 512 mg Nm NOx Emissions mg Nm TSP Emissions 129 mg Nm Micropollutants jas dl sd Flue Gas Yolume microgram Nm3 721 420 Nm h K Stack Height 75 m Stack Diameter m m 20 degree E degree E Flue Gas Temperature Delete Anemometer Height Geographical Latitude decimal Geographical Longitude decimal Elevation at Site Figure 4 2 Reference Technology Database interface To edit data of a previously specified facility select the items lt System gt lt Database gt lt Reference Technology Database gt lt Edit Data gt from the main screen s menu Select the facility that you want to modify from the Facility list box After the selection of a facility all edit fields are filled with the current values Use the mouse or the tab key to select the value you want to modify After editing this value use the mouse or the tab key to go to the next field thus confirming the modification After clicking the OK button the new data will be stored in the database and all interme
19. diate and final results that depend on the previously modified value are deleted after confirmation from the user in the database system to ensure consistency between the technical data and the results Click the Delete button to remove all data technical data as well as all results related to the selected facility from the database In the case you want to perform a sensitivity analysis and change specific parameters without loosing all the related results you can copy the technical data of the selected facility to a new facility and then modify the technical characteristics of the new facility After clicking the Copy button the dialogue shown in Figure 4 3 pops up The user is asked for the Facility Id 14 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Facility Shortname and Facility Description of the new power plant After clicking the OK button the previous screen for editing technical data appears again showing the same set of technical data now for the new facility which can be modified without loosing any results EcoSense Copy Technical Data to a New Facility x Mateus Lemes Oil modified Oil fired plant 200 MW Figure 4 3 Copy technical data to a new facility The Database Interface 15 4 2 The Emission Scenario Manager The Emission Scenario Manager is a tool to set up new emission inventories to be used as an input to air quality modeling and impact assessment The starting point for new emi
20. ding to the logical structure of the impact pathway environmental burden air quality modeling impact assessment valuation fil EcoSense Human Health Impact Pathway ioj x Back Save Full Assessment Help Activity Facility Mateus Lemes Oil fired plant Reference Scenario BRAZIL 90 Reference Pollutant ee z Emissions 2954 9 g MWh Ambient Air Concentration Range of Analysis Local IX Regional Increment Background rImpact Assessment Exp response function total resp hosp admission Ponce de Leon 502 M Low 0 24 Population Distribution Calc Additional health events per TWh Md 26 san High so Impact distribution aluation Value of impact 4540 US ExternE Low 1 10e 004 US Damage per kWh Mid 0 0012 US cent High 0 0023 US cent 36 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Figure 5 1 The Human Health Impact Pathway dialogue Activity panel Select the pollutant to be analyzed in the pollutant list box Note Only pollutants for which both exposure response functions and air transport modeling results are available in the database are included in the list Ambient Air Concentration panel The Range of Analysis boxes indicate whether results from air transport modeling are available on the local or and the regional range box checked data available As version 1 0 of EcoSense Brazil Latin America does not include a detailed local air qu
21. ection by clicking the Accept button Note that the structure of the database system allows results to be stored only with one monetary value for each of the possible exposure response functions Thus immediately after selecting one of the exposure response functions the Monetary Value field becomes active and you have to select one of the related monetary values 38 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual The Full Assessment procedure automatically saves results to the database In the case you have not checked the Replace current results box you are asked for each single result before overwriting existing results from previous model runs Click the OK button to start the calculation of physical impacts and economic damages Report Manager 39 6 THE REPORT MANAGER Note EcoSense supports the evaluation of results by generating two different types of reports an ASCII text file in a readable format with the extension rpt and an ASCII file pre formatted for import into spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel with the extension tab Select the lt Tools gt lt Report Manger gt items from the main screen s menu to start the report manager Figure 6 1 You can generate a report only if you have performed an impact pathway analysis and saved results to the database before Results are presented in the report according to a user defined aggregation scheme As in most cases the user is interested in aggreg
22. ement 2 2 Installation 3 The EcoSense Main Screen 4 The Database Interface 4 1 The Reference Technology Database 4 2 The Emission Scenario Manager 4 3 The Reference Environment Database 44 Exposure Response Functions 4 5 Monetary Values 5 Pathway Analysis 5 1 Selector 5 2 Atmospheric Modeling 5 3 Impact Assessment Modules 6 The Report Manager 6 1 Create and Edit an Aggregation Scheme 6 2 Create and Edit Impact Categories 7 Setup 7 1 Reference Technology Database input controller 7 2 Human health risk groups 7 3 Exchange Rates 7 4 Consumer Price Index NN N ARKRWH e 11 15 20 23 27 31 31 34 35 39 42 44 47 47 47 48 49 Introduction 1 1 INTRODUCTION GENERAL REMARKS EcoSense is an integrated computer system developed for the assessment of environmental impacts and resulting external costs from electricity generation systems and other industrial activities Based on the impact pathway approach established in the ExternE Project on External Costs of Energy funded by the European Commission EcoSense provides relevant data and models required for an integrated impact assessment related to airborne pollutants The European version of the EcoSense model which was developed under the ExternE and GARP II Green Accounting Research Project I projects has been used successfully in a large number of research projects and policy advise studies as a standard tool for the assessment of
23. ems in each list box Use the edit field to enter the exposure response function as a mathematical expression The Constant Variables list box provides a list of constants and variables for which numerical values are available in the system and thus can be used to build up the exposure response function To get some information on units etc of the constants and variables offered in the list box click on the Explain button after selecting on of the items in the Constants Variables list box Items from the list box are copied into the edit field by clicking on the Select button Besides of the basic mathematical operations a set of mathematical functions listed in the Math Functions list box is supported Click on a function in the list box to copy it into the edit field and insert text between the brackets Click the Accept button to confirm the exposure response function after writing it into the edit field The syntax of the function is checked and in the case of syntax errors an error message appears Low mid and high estimate To take into account information on confidence intervals for calculating a possible range of results the user can define three different functions representing a low mid and high estimate Click the low mid or high radio button before writing the respective function into the edit field Define a threshold To define an exposure response function with threshold i e no effects at concentrations below
24. environmental externalities in Europe The implementation of the EcoSense package in Brazil Latin America is a first step to make the tools that support the well established ExternE methodology applicable also in other regions of the world Compared to the European version the implementation of EcoSense Brazil Latin America Version 1 0 led to a major revision of the underlying database system e g adaptation of the basic grid system compilation of data relevant for Brazil Latin America while the calculation procedure is similar to the European version and thus represents the ExternE methodology However due to the limited availability of data and also the limited resources available for the implementation EcoSense Brazil Latin America Version 1 0 does not completely cover the full functionality of the European version The present version provides data for Brazil in a rather high spatial resolution while for other countries only national average data are available The development of EcoSense Brazil Latin America was supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA with the objective of linking the assessment of environmental impacts and external costs from power generation to the DECADES modeling framework developed by the IAEA 2 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual 1 1 Structure of the EcoSense system Figure 1 1 shows the general structure of the EcoSense system The main modules are e a database system compr
25. fined exposure response functions Figure 41 After selecting one of the items in the Function list box by clicking on it the corresponding receptor sub group impact and pollutant is displayed in the respective text fields and the mathematical function is shown in the edit 26 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual field Delete the function by clicking on the Delete button or edit the mathematical expression in the edit field Editing a function is similar to the procedure of defining a new exposure response function described above After confirming the modifications by clicking the OkK button all intermediate and final results related to the modified or deleted function are deleted from the database system Human Health Exposure Response Relationships x Function Abbey chronic bronchitis adults Nitrate RI Receptor sub group adults i OK Impact chronic bronchitis Cancel Pollutant N itrate Yariables Explam Math Functions Select Impact in cases Clow mid high 4 9 DeltaConcentration Population adults 100000 Reference Accept if ji I ti V Threshold for Nitrate fo g m es Figure 4 1 Edit a previously defined exposure response function 4 4 3 Standard functions and Operators in EcoSense Formulas You can define your own functions at the beginning of the formula An expression may be preceded by one or more definitions like funcname parameter
26. firm cancel the modifications and to go back to the main menu 30 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Pathway Analysis 31 5 PATHWAY ANALYSIS 5 1 Selector After defining the reference facility the user can now start the impact assessment procedure by selecting the items lt System gt lt Pathway Analysis gt from the main screen Note that once you have started the impact pathway module for the purpose of consistency you cannot edit any of the data previously specified in the database module After selecting lt Pathway Analysis gt from the main screen the Selector dialogue appears Figure 5 1 In the Selector the user selects the emission scenario for which external costs shall be calculated and the reference scenario The reference scenario specifies the background conditions against which the emission scenario is compared The difference in concentration and deposition between the emission scenario and the reference scenario is the basis for the impact assessment Emission scenarios are defined via the interface to the emission database see section 4 1 either by defining a single power plant the scenario is created by adding the emissions from a point source to an existing emission inventory or by using the Emission Scenario Manager which allows to set up more complex emission scenarios Basically every emission scenario stored in the database can be used also as a reference scenario Th
27. he Edit button the Impact Category Editor opens and the existing selections can be modified After clicking the OK button the modified impact category is saved to the database An impact category can be deleted by selecting the impact category from the list of Available Impact Categories in the Aggregation Scheme Editor and then clicking on the Delete button 46 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Setup 47 7 SETUP The Setup option in the main menu can be used to modify some of the default values used by the system 7 1 Reference Technology Database input controller Open a list of minimum and maximum values that are used by the input controller of the Reference Technology Database interface by selecting lt Setup gt lt Reference Technology Database gt lt Tech Data Min Max gt from the main menu Use the mouse or the lt Tab gt key to move around in the screen Click the OK button to confirm modifications and to go back to the main screen 7 2 Human health risk groups Some of the exposure response functions related to human health impacts refer to specific risk groups e g children asthmatics within the total population You can add risk groups or modify risk group fractions in the screen shown in Figure 7 1 after selecting lt Setup gt lt Reference Environment Database gt lt Risk Group Fractions gt from the main menu To change a given risk group fraction select the risk group in the Risk group list bo
28. ide any emission data for particles To allow the re scaling of particle emissions which is not possible for zero emissions the low and high particle emissions in each country are set to 1E 18 20 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual 4 3 The Reference Environment Database The Reference Environment Database interface supports the display and editing of receptor data according to administrative units The module organises the transfer of data between administrative units and the grid system Select the items lt System gt lt Database gt lt Reference Environment Database gt lt Edit data gt from the main screen s menu In the dialog box shown in Figure 4 1 select the receptor to be edited from the Receptor list box After selecting a receptor a list of all NUTS 0 administrative units countries appears in the NUTS 0 list box Select the adminstrative unit you want to edit by stepwise clicking through the NUTS 0 NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 list boxes After confirming the selection by clicking the OK button the dialogue shown in Figure 4 2 appears which as far as applicable contains a list of subregions of the region selected in the previous dialog box In this dialog you can edit the numerical value for each subregion Reference Environment Database x Administrative Unit Receptor NUTS 0 Population M BR Brasil NUTS 1 RJ Rio de Janeiro M an 3300308 Barra do Pirai
29. ies defined in the selected aggregation scheme is included in the report if the Aggregation by Impact Category check box is checked A summary of aggregated results for the impact categories defined in the selected aggregation scheme is included for the individual countries selected in the Individual Countries list box in the report if the Agg Damages of Ind Countries check box is checked This check box becomes visible only if a country has been selected previously Report Manager Report Specification Emission Scenario Mateus Lemes Oil fired plant Ra Reference Scenario BRAZIL 90 Reference EDGAR Ra Aggregation Scheme EcoSense Report Manager x Dutput Files i Report File MatBR90 RPT Table Format File MatBR90 TAB Standard x D USER BRAZISREPORTS Currency Base Year EURO 2000 ha All Countries Drives d Individual Countries Chile Colombia Options Detailed Result Hange du x ogni ME GUDA E ce Category Estimate Low Xx Mid High Agg Damages of Ind Countries Damage per Tonne of Pollutant Emitted Oy kWh Figure 6 1 The Report Manager dialogue Output Files panel In the Output Files panel the user specifies the names of the report files and the directory to which the reports are written As a default the system uses a combination of the maximum 4 character identification of the emission scenario and the maximum 4
30. installed on your system copy the file CTL3DV2 DLL to your Windows System directory where several other DLL files may be located EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual The EcoSense Main Screen 9 3 THE ECOSENSE MAIN SCREEN After starting the EcoSense system the EcoSense main screen further referred to as the main screen appears You start any activity from the main screen s menu The menu structure is as follows e System e Pathway Analysis Start your impact pathway analysis including air transport modeling and impact assessment Note that you should have specified a power plant or an emission scenario before in the data base module e Database e Emission Database e Reference Technology Database e New data Define a new power plant e Edit data Edit data of a previously defined power plant e Emission Scenario Manager Define a new or edit an existing emission scenario e Reference Environment Database Edit receptor data based on administrative units e Exposure Response Functions e Crops Define edit an exposure response function Human Health Define edit an exposure response function e Monetary Values Assign monetary values to impact categories e Exit Close the EcoSense System e Tools Report Manger Generate a report of the results e Setup e Reference Technology Database e Tech Data Min Max Define minimum and maximum values for the input controller e Reference Environment Database e Risk Gr
31. ional phase and mode of the facility by selecting one of the options offered in the list boxes Localization Select the country from the Country List Box and write the facility s site into the Site Edit field Facility Identification Note Enter an alpha numeric facility identification flag maximum 4 characters into the Facility Id edit field Although the program needs the facility id for internal use only some of the temporary files use the facility id as filename so that a descriptive filename is helpful The program ensures that the Id is unique Write an alpha numeric short name of the facility maximum 32 characters into the Facility Shortname edit field The short name should be descriptive it is used in several other screens mainly for the identification and selection of the facility The program ensures that the facility shortname is unique For the purpose of documentation you might add optional a brief description of the facility s main characteristics maximum 255 characters After clicking on the OK button the dialogue with the technical data sheet shown in Figure 4 2 appears Fill in all the technical data you are asked for Use the mouse or the tab shift tab key to move around The range of values that is accepted by the system is defined in the EcoSense Setup see section 7 1 Clicking the OK button the current data are stored in the Reference Technology Database The ISC model which currently is include
32. is is different from the EcoSense Europe Version 2 0 which uses a pre defined default reference scenario as a background Scenario panel Choose the emission scenario to be analyzed from the Emission Scenario list box The Emission Scenario list box shows all the emission scenarios power plants and or complex scenarios created with the Emission Scenario Manager which have been defined in a previous step and which are stored in the database In the Reference Scenario list box all emission scenarios appear for which air quality modeling has been carried out so that the related concentration and deposition fields can be used as a reference 32 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Hig EcoSense Selector Exit Pathway Help Scenario Emission Scenario Reference Scenario Mateus Lemes Dil fired plant M BRAZIL 90 Reference EDGAR M Oil fired plant 125 MW Reference Emissions EDGAR 1990 on sector 2 Add Scenario Scenarios for total assessment PA Remove selected Remove all Impact Assessment Receptor Human Health M C Impact per Year l p Currency Euro Impact per kWh Base Year 2000 T Calculation Country by Country Figure 5 1 The Selector dialogue Scenarios for total assessment panel A selected emission scenario reference scenario combination can be added to the list of Scenarios for total assessment by clicking on the Add Scenario button in the Emission
33. ising several sub modules e air transport models completely integrated into the system e impact assessment modules and e tools for the evaluation and presentation of results From a user s perspective the structure of the system appears to be quite different from the technical structure see Figure 1 2 An important feature of the system design was the strict separation between the database module and the air transport modeling impact assessment modules in order to guarantee consistency among the various levels of data input data intermediate results final results If for instance the user modifies the SO emission factor of a facility specified in the reference technology database the system automatically deletes all related intermediate e g results from air transport modeling and final results e g physical impacts from the database Impact Assessment Impact Assessment Human health Crops es Air quality models i reporting 4 gt P WTM technology monetary database response functions values Figure 1 1 Modular structure of the EcoSense model items printed in gray are only available in the European version of EcoSense Introduction 3 Database Pathway Analysis Tools Reference Technologies f f Report Manager Reference Environment Air Quality Modeling Exp Response Functions Impact Assessment Setup Monetary Values
34. l Rescale Scenario x Scenario DECADES Expansion plan Brazil Pollutant S02 high H Unit fki Region Level0 BR Brasil C All countries Level1 RS Rio Grande do Sul M Level2 4304358 Candiota leel3 Sector Levell 2 Power generation T All sectors Level 2 o 5 Level 3 Reference Value 0 00323344 Rescaling 1 061 87e 0 Scenario Yalue 343 89 Rescale Scenario x dona Template scen Admin 1 SECT 2 for1990 Pollutant No2 low Unit kt Region LevelD CO Colombia 7 All countries Level 1 E Level 2 E Level 3 nn Sector Level1 5 Transport M O All sectors Level 2 i Level 3 Reference Value fi 44 017 Rescaling so E Scenario Value fi 29 616 Figure 4 3 Definition of new emission scenarios Example 1 Additional SO emissions in the municipal of Candiota Rio Grande do Sul Brazil due to new power capacity Example 2 Reduction of NO emissions from road transport in Colombia by 10 The Database Interface 19 Note The user can now successively select the administrative units Region list boxes and the source sectors Sector list boxes to be modified The number in the Reference Value text field gives the annual emissions from the selected region sector combination in the original BRAZIL 90 Reference EDGAR To change this value the user can either write a new absolute number into the Scenario Value edit field
35. l dose response functions and monetary values available in the database and writes results into the database The Total Assessment mode allows to evaluate several scenarios without any actions required from the user 34 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual 5 2 Atmospheric Modeling In contrast to the European version of EcoSense the version 1 0 of EcoSense Brazil Latin America includes only the Windrose Trajectory Model for air quality modeling As a consequence there is no extra dialogue required to operate different air quality models in this version The Windrose Trajectory Model and the relevant pre and postprocessors are directly started from the Selector dialogue by clicking on the Air Quality Modelling button see section 5 1 Pathway Analysis 33 5 3 Impact Assessment Modules In the following only the human health impact pathway is described in detail Other impact pathways have a similar structure The impact assessment module offers two different approaches A step by step analysis for each single combination of pollutant and exposure response relationship with the possibility of presenting detailed intermediate results e g maps showing incremental air pollution concentrations A Full Assessment Procedure performing an automised impact assessment of selected combinations of pollutant exposure effect relationships 5 3 1 Step by step analysis The dialogue Figure 5 1 is organized accor
36. lick the Copy Scenario button to copy the emission data from the template inventory to a new scenario The dialogue shown in Figure 4 2 appears asking the user for the scenario identification code maximum 4 characters in the New Scenario ID edit field a scenario name in the New Scenario Name edit field and optional a brief description of the scenario in the Comment edit field After clicking the OK button the previously selected template emission inventory is stored under the new scenario name in the database Go back to the Edit Scenario dialogue by clicking on the Exit button select the new defined scenario by clicking on the new scenario name in the Scenario name list box and then click the Rescale Scenario button Now the emission data for the new emission scenario can be specified in the Rescale Scenario dialogue Figure 4 3 Copy Scenario Ed New Scenario ID BRAT New Scenario Name DECADES expansion plan Comment Emissions according to DECADES expansion planning Figure 4 2 Specification of the new scenario name In the Rescale Scenario dialogue select the pollutant to be modified from the Pollutant list box The system differs between high emission sources stack height gt 100 m and low emission sources stack height lt 100 m as emissions from low and high stacks are treated differently in the Windrose Trajectory Model 18 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manua
37. of transparency it is not very comfortable to carry out a full fuel cycle evaluation Thus the Full Assessment procedure has been implemented allowing a more automised analysis of impacts Start the Full Assessment procedure by selecting the lt Full Assessment gt item from the menu igure EcoSense Full Assessment x Pollutant Exposure Response Function Nit above_65_yrs Ischaemic heart disease Schwartz Morris Nit adults chronic bronchitis Abbey Nit adults chronic YOLI Pope Nit adults Restr activity days Ostro Nit asthma_adults Bronchodilator usage Dusseldorp Nit asthma_adults cough Dusseldorp Mit acthma adulte nwar racn cumntome Duccoldorn Cancel Accept Monetary Value lt none gt 7870 ECU ExternE Local Range only OK l Regional Range only Cancel I Replace current results Figure 5 1 The Full Assessment dialogue In the pollutant field a list of pollutants for which exp response functions and air transport modeling results are available is displayed Select those pollutants that you wish to include in your full assessment by clicking on them with the mouse Confirm the selection by clicking the Accept button After clicking the Accept button of the pollutant field a list of exp response functions related to the selected pollutants is displayed in the Exposure Response Function field Select those functions that you want to include in your full assessment by clicking on them with the mouse Confirm the sel
38. or and the selected pollutants Immediately after selecting one of the exposure response functions from the list by clicking on it the Monetary Value list box becomes active showing Report Manager 45 Impact Category Editor EG max 32 cha max 255 char Impact Category Receptor 1 2 selected Crops Pollutant 4 34 selected o le Cancel TEX Accent Exposure Response Function Sulfate Human Health total resp hosp admission Dab Sulf none TSP Human Health above _ 65 _yrs ee heart failure Schwartz Morris PM10 none a YOLL PopelPM101 110 TSP Human Health adults Restr activity days Ostro PM10 none Monetary Yalue 101000 00 US ExternE DR 3 2000 110000 00 US ExternE DR 0 2000 28600 00 US ExternE DR 10 PPP Brazil 2000 Figure 6 2 The Impact Category Editor the monetary values available in the database that are related to the impact defined by the previously selected exposure response function After selecting one of the monetary values the Exposure Response Function list box becomes active again so that further functions can be selected The selection process is finished by clicking the OK button the system goes back to the Aggregation Scheme Manager To edit an existing impact category the user first selects the impact category from the list of Available Impact Categories in the Aggregation Scheme Editor After clicking t
39. oup Fractions Specify the fraction of specific risk groups within the total population e Currency e Exchange Rates Specify exchange rates e Consumer Price Index Specify consumer price index 10 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual The Database Interface 11 4 THE DATABASE INTERFACE 4 1 The Reference Technology Database Open the Reference Technology database to define a new reference facility Select the items lt System gt lt Database gt lt Reference Technology Database gt lt New data gt from the main screen s menu The purpose of the first dialogue Figure 41 is to specify some general characteristics of the reference facility Use the mouse or the tab shift tab key to move around in the window EcoSense Reference Technology Database xi Facility Characteristics Technical Characterization Facility Identification Energy Group Fossil x Facility Id Matt Energy Source Dil x Facility Shortname Mateus Lemes Dil fired plant Facility Description Process Step Generation ind x Operational Phase Operation x 125 MWe rLocalization TT Region Latin America x Country Brasil M Windrose Trajectory Model only Site Mateus Lemes o Figure 4 1 Specification of a facility s general characteristics 12 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Technical Characterization Specify the energy group energy source process step operat
40. produced within the ExternE project is available at the ExternE homepage http ExternE jrc es The following sections give a description of how to use the EcoSense system following the logical way of doing a complete impact assessment procedure 1 e installation specification of a power plant emission scenario defining exposure response functions assigning monetary values to physical impact categories air transport modeling impact assessment and evaluation of results For a standard application in which the user relies on predefined exposure response functions and monetary values the sections 4 1 Emission database 5 Pathway Analysis and 6 Report Manger are the most relevant ones EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Installation 7 2 INSTALLATION 2 1 Hardware requirement EcoSense runs on an IBM compatible PC with a 486 processor or higher and with 32 bit MS Windows 8 MB RAM are required and to install and run the system you should have gt 85 MB free on your hard disk 2 2 Installation To install EcoSense Brazil Latin America 1 0 insert the EcoSense CD into your CD ROM drive and start ECOB1INS EXE from Windows The installation program asks for a directory on your hard disk where EcoSense will be installed Enter a directory path and click the Unzip button The installation program copies all files and tables necessary to run EcoSense except CTL3DV2 DLL If CTL3DV2 DLL is not yet
41. ssion scenarios is the so called BRAZIL 90 Reference EDGAR inventory which was derived from the world wide emission inventory provided by the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research EDGAR for the year 1990 The system provides different template scenarios that are based on the BRAZIL 90 Reference EDGAR inventory and which should be used to create new emission scenarios The different template scenarios provide emission data on different levels of aggregation with respect to administrative units and industry sectors Based on the data format used in the EDGAR database emission data are available according to the following categorization of source sectors Table 4 1 Categorization of source sectors Industry Sector Level 1 Level2 1 Industry excluding coke ovens refineries etc 2 Power generation public and autoproduction including cogeneration 3 Other transformation sectors refineries coke ovens gas works 4 Residentials commercials and other sectors 5 Transport including international shipping 5 5 Road Rail inland shipping other non specified land non road pil 5 8 International shipping 10 Land use and waste treatment 10 1 Agriculture 10 2 Animals ruminant waste 10 3 Biomass burning 10 4 Waste treatment 11 Natural sources 11 1 Natural soils 11 4 Oceans 11 6 Wild animals 11 7 Human population
42. tem calculates the impacts in each individual country within the modeling domain in addition to the total impacts Note that this mode significantly increases the space requirement for writing results to the hard disk Air Quality Modelling button Clicking on the Air Quality Modelling button starts the Windrose Trajectory Model for the emission scenario selected in the Emission Scenario list box It is not possible to automatically start consecutive WTM runs for several scenarios Impact Assessment button Clicking on the Impact Assessment button starts the selected impact assessment module see section 5 3 In the impact assessment module the user can evaluate individual dose response functions has access to intermediate results and maps showing e g concentration fields The Impact Assessment button is de activated if the All Pathways is selected in the Receptor list box Total Assessment button The Total Assessment button is active only if at least one emission scenario reference scenario combination is added to the list of scenarios for total assessment and All Pathways is selected in the Receptor list box In the Total Assessment mode the impact assessment modules human health and crops consecutively run in the background for all emission scenario reference scenario combinations previously added to the list of Scenarios for total assessment The system automatically calculates impacts and external costs for al
43. the threshold click the Threshold check box at the bottom of the screen and enter the numerical value into the related edit field Note that you can define a single threshold value only for a set of related low mid high functions 24 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual Human Health Exposure Response Relationships x Receptor sub group adults x OK Impact hosp visits child croup M New Impact Cancel Pollutant TSP v Explain Math Functions Select Clow mid C high Variables DeltaConcentration baseline_mortality children DeltaConcentration d Impact in Population total Reference Accept l Threshold for p TSP j none g m Figure 4 1 Add a new exposure response function Note Clicking one of the low mid high radio buttons before you terminate the editing of a function by clicking the Accept button leads to a loss of the current content of the edit field The current version requires the definition of a function for the low mid and high case If you want to work with a single function only save the same function as a low mid and high function Use the Windows clipboard functions to copy a function mark the expression you want to copy with the mouse left button down press the lt Ctrl gt and lt Ins gt keys to copy the expression into the clipboard click the low mid or high radio button click the edit field to make
44. urring in the whole modeling area are reported Note The reporting of results for individual countries is possible only if the impact assessment was carried out in the Calculation Country by Country mode see Selector section 5 1 As in Version 1 0 of EcoSense Brazil Latin America only the Windrose Trajectory Model is included for air quality modeling results are presented only on the regional scale which includes the local impacts so that the separate presentation of local or global impacts is not supported The low mid or high estimates of the results are included in the report if the related Low Mid and High Estimate check boxes are checked The low mid and high values refer to the respective low mid and high estimates of the exposure response functions see section 4 4 Depending on the calculation mode under which the impact assessment was carried out results might be available for different reference units e g impacts per year or impacts per kWh In such a case the user should select one of the options to be considered in the report by checking the relevant radio button Options panel The Options panel provides some further options to format the report Impacts and resulting external costs are reported for every individual exposure response function that was included in the impact assessment if the Detailed Results check box is checked A summary of aggregated results for the impact categor
45. utton all changes are stored in the database and the input is transformed to the grid system The calculation of the grid transformation may take some time Note You can edit values on any NUTS level you want But the way down to smaller regions must be taken step by step For example if the current database has one entry on NUTS level 0 i e one value for the whole of the country you cannot enter new values for NUTS level 3 the finest resolution Instead first you have to give values for NUTS level 1 then NUTS level 2 then NUTS level 3 This is because the program always expects a unique coverage for the countries Be careful when editing a field with the sign gt This sign indicates that values for the region exist already in subregions If you enter a new value for this line all entries in the subregions will be deleted The Database Interface 23 4 4 Exposure Response Functions 4 4 1 Add a new exposure response function To define a new exposure response function select the items lt System gt lt Database gt lt Exposure Response Function gt lt Human Health gt or other receptors and lt New Data gt from the main menu leading to the screen shown in Figure 4 1 Use the Receptor sub group list box Impact list box and Pollutant list box to specify the receptor sub group e g children asthmatics the impact and the pollutant the new exposure response function refers to by clicking on one of the it
46. x and edit the numerical value in the Percentage of total population edit field After confirming a modification by clicking the Accept button you can select a new item from the Risk group list box The set of new values is written to the database after clicking on the OK button To add a new risk group write the risk group s name into the Risk group list box and specify the numerical value in the Percentage of total population edit field Confirm by clicking the Accept and OK button 48 EcoSense Brazil Latin America User s Manual esmei E Figure 7 1 Add edit risk group fractions within the total population 7 3 Exchange Rates Select the base year in the list box Select the currency in the Currency list box Write the exchange rate between the selected currency and the EURO into the text field Edit Exchange Rates BRL Brazilian Real Figure 7 1 Dialogue for editing exchange rates Setup 49 7 4 Consumer Price Index The consumer price index is used to transfer monetary values between different base years Select the base year from the list box Select the currency in the Currency list box Write the consumer price index for the selected base year into the text field In the current version of the model the consumer price index is set to 100 for the year 2000 Edit Consumer Price Index Figure 7 1 Dialogue for editing the consumer price index
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