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Easy HVSR

1. Introduction Easy HVSR Easy HVSR is a GeoStru software for the analysis and archiving of ambient noise in the three orthogonal directions at a single station according to the well known technique of Nakamura The software is able to read the recorded traces in various formats commonly used by the technological tools on the market such as for example SEG2 SEGY and DTA From the imported recordings an analysis in the time domain can be carried out to verify the reliability of the recording itself to move then on to the analysis in the spectral domain In the second stage decisions are made in order to obtain reliable results and then obtain the evaluation of the natural frequency of vibration of the stratigraphy present in situ with an estimation of the profile of the shear waves velocity with depth supported by implementing an automatic search of stratigraphic characteristics and so the subsequent estimation of Vs30 Description of the technique This description is not intended as a discussion of HVSR technique itself to the analysis of microtremors for which reference should be made to the scientific literature but simply a way to illustrate monolithically various phases of analysis that Easy HVSR fulfills so that the user can have a clearer and more complete understanding Once provided with the recording traces in the three directions of duration at least equal to 20 minutes these are divided into time windows of dimension
2. a O Topography 4 Tracce 21 31 Se a Traccia 21 31 Overlap 22 _p U Undo 17 Passi 20 Passo frequenza 25 Product Activation 5 V professional software 4 sa Profilo 34 Velocit 34 Progetto 21 Velocit crescenti 27 Verifiche 27 R zZ Rapporto 33 Rapporto spettrale 33 Zero padding 22 Redo 17 Zona gt 24 Registrazione 19 Relazione 18 Reprogramming 5 responsabile 21 Ricerca 27 Risultati 27 S Salva 17 Salva con nome 17 2013 Geostru Software
3. Repeat password EE zi LL e T Show password The automatic activation procedure requires the knowledge of the login data used to access the GeoStru user area To obtain the login data please contact customer support or use the forgot your password option on our website http Awww geostru com Activate Par J Back Manual activation The manual activation can be performed when the protection systems for the network connections like proxy and firewalls do not allow a proper communication of the software with the GeoStru registration servers a Copy the software control code generated by the application b Enter the Software activation section from the user area on our website http 2013 Geostru Software 3 Help Easy HVSR www geostru com c Proceed to the request for a new registration code by clicking the New activation button corresponding to the software to be activated d Paste the generated code in the box reserved for the registration code e Click on the Activate button a message will indicate the registration of the software Activation procedure Codice del prodotto 9 Control code of the software 43444631764D4E42324639644359544E724858504F41413D Registration code provided by GeoStru I The manual activation procedure requires the user to autonomously run the registration operations using their own reserved area on our website http www geostru com To perform the
4. are performing the typical operations in the data input phase Undo Allows to undo the last changes accepted in the project Redo Allows to restore the latest modifications canceled N B Undo and Redo are only effective between consecutive acceptances of amendments Undo can put the project back to the state just prior to the last Apply button press or acceptance of the amendments with the dialog box that appears when switching from one tab of analysis to another Technical office data This group contains the button Technical office data that launches a dialog window useful to configure precisely the general data of the office that will be inserted in all the reports generated by Easy HVSR not only for the open project If data is not entered will be used data regarding the license of the program Run group This group contains the button Stop This button is active only during the calculation phases and allows to stop the calculation phase if it is considered too long or if is believed to have entered a wrong data and want to modify it before proceeding further Export menu This menu gathers export commands grouped into further sub categories groups Numerical group Traces The button Traces is used to export numerically the input traces in text txt and Excel csv formats with their overall data Average spectra 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 19 The button Average spectra is used to
5. As we said earlier we will now we will change the type of directional sum Let s go back to the Spectral Analysis section 6 Press Cancel in the main menu in this way we will be taking in the condition in which we had previously been excluded where they were not just excluded the three windows or reopen the file Step_3 7 Edit the type of directional sum and set it to Arithmetic mean then press Update You will get results apparently similar to those of departure but it is not like that In fact switching to Spectrum H V section we will verify that all checks are fulfilled In this case the change of the directional sum worked as the difference that led not to fulfill the verification was minimal In such case it is indeed preferable to opt for such a choice rather than discard the windows as in the latter case we would have declined further useful data for the calculation while by changing the type of directional sum we simply opted for a choice out of all possible ones that do not affect in any way the result but that is just one possible way to add the spectra in the horizontal directions Step 5 Stratigraphic model In this step of the tutorial we will see how to get a stratigraphic model that well approximates the behavior described by the H V spectral ratio It is possible to load the file Step_4 in the tutorial folder containing the data necessary to proceed from this point of the tutorial forward 1 We click on S
6. Sod m s Imja misi ty 100 200 500 0 3 400 200 900 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 59 7 Now click on the Search button on the graphic of the H V spectral ratio is obtained an additional curve that represents the ellipticity of the stratigraphic model contained in the table PLEASE NOTE the results just obtained does not represent the exact stratigraphic model that the H V curve can generate the but only an estimate By changing the parameters in the table you can tune the best stratigraphic model with the above curve The automatic search is only an aid given to you so you do not have to start looking for a reliable model from scratch The automatic search provides a simple estimate The user has the task of refining the estimate thus obtained so that the ellipticity curve well interpret the behavior of the H V spectral ratio according to the criteria and any observation the user himself considers appropriate 8 By changing any of the values in the table that does not concern a limit of the search interval and pressing the button Summarize you can check the result in terms of ellipticity on the graphic of the H V spectral ratio 9 In the section dedicated to the results you can read the value of the frequency at which the ellipticity peak is located and Vs30 associated with the stratigraphy in the table of the main model Results Maximum frequency for average H V 5 7 Hz 0 48 Frequency maximum ellipticity
7. activation it is necessary to 1 Start your Internet browser go to our website http Awww geostru com and log in your reserved user area 2 Open the page dedicated to the activation of the software and select the command New activation for the software to register 3 Copy and paste the control code generated by the software and displayed in the appropriate text box 4 Proceed to the request for a new registration code 5 Paste the generated code in the box reserved for the registration code of this window Back Activate Activation via e mail or telephone The activation via e mail or telephone allows the user to perform the registration with the help of an operator from GeoStru a Contact the GeoStru staff by e mail or telephone indicating the control code and the software that generated this code b Enter the registration code provided by GeoStru in the appropriate text box c Click on the Activate button a message will indicate the registration of the software 2013 Geostru Software GeoStru Software 9 Activation procedure Codice del prodotto 9 Control code of the software 43444631764D4E42324639644359544E724858504F41413D Registration code provided by GeoStru The activation procedure via e mail or telephone requires the user to perform the registration operations z helped by an operator from GeoStru To perform the activation it is necessary to 1 Contact the GeoStru staff by e mail or tel
8. export numerically the average Fourier spectra of the traces in the three directions with their general and statistical data in text txt and Excel csv formats H V The button H V is used to export numerically the H V spectral ratio with its general and statistical data in text txt and Excel csv formats Diagram group Each button in this group is associated with the export of the image of one of the diagrams in Easy HVSR with the sole exception of the drawing on the stratigraphy The formats available are those most commonly used Print group Similar to the Diagram group each button is associated with the printing process of the diagram associated with it as the same button name suggests For each print request is initially asked for the printer to which to direct the printing process N B The export of some graphics or data is possible only when the analysis process reaches the point they needed in preparing the content of export In the case of graphics they become available after the processing is finished and they are also visible on the screen The process of exporting and printing of graphics can be initiated also from the context menu that appears at a right click on the item to pint Report group This group contains the button Report that creates the report of the whole process of analysis and its results complete with graphics and checks Help menu The menu Help contains useful commands for the manageme
9. of the application but some functions are disabled or provided in limited version To use the software in full version it is necessary to activate the programs Software activation The activation procedure of the GeoStru software allows the immediate unblock and utilization of the purchased software The activation must be carried out for each PC on which you intend to use the GeoStru programs To activate the software you must follow the steps listed below 1 Download the program from your own user area Active software section and install it 2 Run the software in a few seconds it will appear a window that allows you to run the software in LITE version or activate it 3 Click on the Activate button 2013 Geostru Software 6 Help Easy HVSR Activation procedure Product code 9 The software to is not currently activated You can launch the software in LITE mode This mode allows you to evaluate the characteristics of the application but some functions are disabled or provided in limited version GeoStru offers the possibility to obtain a fully functional version of the software by providing a time limited license that make the application valid for a limited number of days To request the activation of a time limited license is necessary to register on our website http www geostru com and submit the activation request by e mail at geostru geostru com Users with license software or hardware can activate the produ
10. product Compliance with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical for any purpose without the written permission of GeoStru Software However if the user has the sole means of access the electronic mean then it will be authorized in base of this document to print a copy Customer technical support service For any queries regarding a GeoStru product e Consult the documentation and other printed material e Consult the Help OnLine section e Consult the technical documentation used for software development Web Site e Consult the FAQ area Web Site e Consult the GeoStru support services Web Site 2013 Geostru Software 12 Help Easy HVSR It is active the new ticket support service developed by GeoStru Software in order to respond to our users support requests This service reserved to registered users and owners of valid licenses allows you to get answers to your requests regarding different aspects of your programs directly from our specialists Web Site Web Site www geostru com Contact Skype ID geostru_support_it eng spa Web www geostru com GeoStru E mail geostru geostru com See the contact page on the website for more information about our contacts and offices addresses in Italy and abroad 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR CHAPTER ta Help Easy HVSR Easy HVSR
11. selected in the table of models immediately below two graphics of which the one on the left is a graphical representation of the stratigraphic model present in the main table while the one on the right is the trend of the profile of shear waves velocities with depth Graphics In this section is described the meaning of each graphic in Easy HVSR with the intent to provide a clearer understanding of the whole problem The options for the graphics are common to all so they are presented in this overview page With a double click on any graphic can be maximized the view within the application window To bring it back to the previous size just repeat the double click The context menu is common to all graphics except for that of the graphical representation of the stratigraphic model The possible options are Options This command allows displays a dialog box where the user can decide a large number of settings for the graphic N B These changes are only temporary when the graphics configuration changes the changes are lost Maximize Minimize This option allows to maximize or minimize the graphic depending on the state of the graphic when the command is invoked Export This option allows to export the graphic Print This option allows to print the graphic Traces The traces are represented each one on a different graphic The unit of measurement of the recording is supposed in mm s but if it should be differe
12. the average spectra a map for stationarity of the spectra a map for the directionality of the spectra For the 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 25 meaning of each graphic see the section Graphics of this manual In this configuration unlike that of the previous phase if the windows have been identified on the graphic of the traces are present rectangles that represent the time windows identified within which fall the samples of the registration In the case in which the user selects a row within the table of the manual selection the rectangle corresponding to the window relative to the row of the table is highlighted with a rectangle of a different color and a greater thickness Spectral analysis The Spectral analysis window is divided into five sections Frequency band Selection Smoothing Spectrum H V and Peak frequency This window is used to identify the limits of the analysis in the spectral domain and choose some processing options for the H V spectral ratio Frequency band In this section is presented information about the frequency band to be taken into account in the analysis process The fields are Maximum minimum frequency These two values identify the frequency range within which runs the analysis When entering the data if confirmed by pressing the Enter key on the keyboard all spectra are immediately reprocessed Frequency step This value indicates the step with which the frequencies ar
13. 5 6 Hz Bearing surface depth 0 x Vs30 343 06 m s Some observations The automatic search is only to assist the user Nothing prevents you from proceeding with the manual search by entering the number of layers with characteristics that are considered most appropriate The value of mismatch is not to be taken in an absolute sense but only relative or is useful only in the comparison between the two models and is not indicative of a strong proximity of the ellipticity curve with that of the H V spectral ratio as in an ideal situation not practically feasible a value of zero mismatch would mean a perfect coincidence between the two curves This asymptotic situation would not be indicative of a solution to the problem of HVSR inversion So the value of mismatch is only a useful parameter in the comparison between the various models from which have been evaluated the ellipticity curve The automatic search can be performed several times as the data of the stratigraphy at the beginning of the research is a starting point around which are searched solutions better than those previously found Each model that is calculated can be stored and managed by putting a check mark on Show more models and using the Store and Remove Once stored a model this is reported in the table of the models in the order in which it has been added showing in 2013 Geostru Software so Help Easy HVSR addition to the name and its relative value of m
14. Content 1 INDEX Preface 2 GeoStru Software 4 PIO UC ACI tioni ein aeaa ans ia ii 5 Autoupdate iii iii 11 COPY a it 11 Customer technical support SEervice iii 11 Contact iaia iii iaia 12 Easy HVSR 14 Introduction aaa TO 14 Description of the technique iui iaia ii 14 General data cicipinili ei ii ani i iii tare Main button Home menu Export aT aN REA A E EE E aan 18 Help MTVU ir diari 19 The steps of heal IS nni 20 General dafa a E a E a aa a a Areca ae O a E aaa ea a tae Na aiat 21 Traces z421 Selection sin 22 Spectral analysis we 25 Spectrum HN Lara NA aiar 27 Graphics iva iaia iaia 31 Thaces ippici Rain 31 Average spectra uil lana 32 MAA A O RN 33 Stationarity map 33 AE NO 34 Stratigraphy a at 34 Velocity POPS coccion ceckcededssucersscsvusszeesaceceventes sescatcevvaseetnasiaxeececetisescessuactsscteseibecsaceceventetagey stce esseetsasiavencedves 34 Techniques in Easy HVSR cccccseccteececetcescdueceveescescessduecetsiresteeecduecebtesctteevedueccusesretcensiteccieiee 35 O A O Smoothing Directional sum VU oi oa ana AA lin SEM Reading traces lia aaa 37 Step 2 Selectingitim WINdOWS vscevessscscssicdiceoncsascesseycvsocssnssnsnacecsensecnadessentevenssinenstsaseasveneseasesgekcesecesasaceuanedeense 45 Step 3 Spectral analys iS iii A Ad iia Step 4 Tests of reliability Step 5 Stratigraphic mod
15. F file shown in the image above click on the first line that contains the data of the recording ie at the point marked with a red arrow in the image below 2013 Geostru Software 42 Help Easy HVSR Read traces from text file Traces reading Index first row 18 Index first column al Index row samplingeete Separating character lt Space gt Reorder channels Chan North South Chan East West Chan Vertical SS 3 T SESAME ASCII data format saf v 1 this line must not be modified SAMP_FREQ 128 INDAT 153600 START_TIME ISENSOR_TYPE velocity IRESPFILE The above response file is correlated only to the Z channel The response file for the NS channel is the following The response file for the EW channel is the following 0 010995 0 00375 ai IM NN7791 N NAAR N NNIN7R Ordina Soutl Trace East West Vertical Trace 9 Is written the value indicated in the point highlighted with the yellow arrow 18 in the case for the Index first row indicated by the pink arrow 10 Also in the preview pane of the SAF file click inside the row that contains the information about the sampling frequency red arrow in the image below which is EQ xxx highlighted with a red circle in the typically reported as SAMP_FR following image Read traces from text file Traces reading Index first row Index first column Index row sampling rate Separating c
16. ail message that informs about the availability of the software for reprogramming the key When receiving the message access your reserved area on our Website and select the Documents section Among the documents identify the file with the code corresponding to that notified by email and download it to your computer Unzip the downloaded file on your desktop and run it by double clicking and making sure that the key to be reprogrammed is inserted in your PC leave blank the field for entering the password 2013 Geostru Software GeoStru Software 11 A message will inform you on the completion of the operations Autoupdate The software comes with an integrated auto update system A few seconds after opening the software by moving the mouse pointer on the indication of version shown in the bottom right side of the main window Geostru 201x _ _ _ the user can check whether or not it is available an update of the software If a message will warn the user about the availability of an updated version the user can automatically update the software by clicking on the icon of the message In the event that there are no updates available the message shown will be No updates available Copyright The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Unless otherwise noted any reference to companies names addresses and data used as examples are purely coincidental and is intended only to illustrate the use of the
17. ber of samples of the recording so as to make possible to use the Fourier fast transform Each rectangle in the above graphics represents one of these windows in which the entire recording was divided The middle graphic instead shows the average spectra of each trace mediated notes on the windows just generated 6 Before you perform a manual selection of windows to include or exclude from the process of analysis it is convenient but not always necessary or appropriate to apply the filter function to discard those windows that contain records of transients 2013 Geostru Software 7 To calibrate the parameters in this section please read the relevant information contained in this guide regarding the filtering technique Strictly for the purposes of this tutorial we will enter in the field Control window size the value 8 Then pressing the button Filter results the following 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 sec a 2 ___ ________ _ _________ _ ________________Q____ 22222 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 sec In practice the time window which contained the record which ranged from 512 seconds to 544 seconds was discarded because the procedure has identified the peaks to be considered not good for the calculation 8 Even if the automatic procedure has its effectiveness it is sometimes necessary to refine the result manually going to discard those tim
18. ces that the user should make in subsequent phases are anticipated with default choices There are four analysis phases Input phase of general data and traces Phase of identification of the time windows Selection phase of the windows and spectral analysis Analysis phase of the H V spectral ratio and identification of the stratigraphy The following sections describe these steps in line with the pages of the left panel explaining the various meanings of each field contained therein in line with the whole process of analysis General data General data section gathers information related to the individual project which are essentially used in the drafting of the final report of the project An exception are the fields Area Latitude and Longitude along with buttons Search area and Search coordinates These fields are not only involved in the drafting of the final report but allow the user to interface with the geographical location of the site within the adjacent right section of the main window of the application The adjacent buttons update the view on the map according to the changes made in the above fields When General data section is selected in the right side of the screen is displayed a map that shows the location of the site indicated in the appropriate fields see above with the ability to capture the image that can later be inserted during the drafting of the final report Traces Traces section co
19. ct following the guided procedure Start LITE Deactivate Activation procedure Product code 9 Automatic activation via Internet To perform the automatic activation of the software an active internet connection is required Manual activation The manual activation can be performed when the protection systems for the network connections like proxy and firewalls do not allow a proper communication of the software with the GeoStru registration servers Activation via e mail or telephone The activation via e mail or telephone allows the user to perform the registration with the help of an operator from GeoStru Hardware key Users with hardware key don t have to follow the activation operations Just insert the hardware key into the PC before starting the application to suppress the activation procedure Back 2013 Geostru Software GeoStru Software Automatic activation via Internet To perform an automatic activation of the software you must have an active Internet connection a Click on the button related to the Automatic activation via Internet b Insert the login data username and password received from GeoStru when you registered c Click on the Activate button a message will indicate the registration of the software Activation procedure Product code 9 Control code of the software 43444631764D4E423246396A4359544E 724858504F41413D Login data Username geostru geostru com Password e O
20. ding down the mouse button you can move along the direction of the x axis of the traces a rectangle as in the image above follows the mouse pointer showing where would be placed in the time window that will be added to the release of the mouse button If you added a window select it and then remove it in order to get the result that you expect from this tutorial Alternatively you can upload the results directly from the file associated with the step of the tutorial in its file 11 After that press the button Apply and save the work done so far Step 3 Spectral analysis In this step of the tutorial we will see how to get a curve of the average H V spectral ratio sufficiently representative for the recording It is possible to load the file Step_2 from the tutorial folder containing the data necessary to proceed from this point of the tutorial forward 1 Click on Spectral analysis O 2013 Geostru Software so Help Easy HVSR Initial instant s 0 0000 20 0000 40 0000 60 0000 80 0000 inn nnnn H 14 ww 4 2 We establish the frequency band to be analyzed by fixing the values of the section called Frequency band We set the value of the minimum frequency at 0 1 Hz and the pace at 0 1 Hz as shown in the picture below and then press Update 3 On the right side of the application window the graphics will be changed also In particular the graphic of the H V spectral ratio will loo
21. direction of the recording EW direction Is not performed any directional sum is taken only directional but is taken exclusively the trace in the East West direction of the recording Arithmetic mean The two horizontal traces are summed together with a simple arithmetic mean Geometric mean The two horizontal traces are summed together with a simple Euclidean mean Mean square The two horizontal traces are summed together with the arithmetic mean of the squares Tutorial In this section is described how to perform a complete analysis with Easy HVSR In this way at the end of the tutorial the user will be able to work expediently and autonomously with the software Step 1 Reading traces In this step we will see how to read import traces from a recording in a SAF file or plain text The files necessary for this step and whole tutorial are in the Tutorial folder within 2013 Geostru Software 3 Help Easy HVSR the Examples folder of the program 1 Click on the New button in the main menu to create a new project in Easy HVSR the program asks you to confirm saving before proceeding 2 In the screen that appears if you want you can enter the general data of the project which will be useful later for the sole purpose of creating a comprehensive computation report These data do not affect in any way the analysis Si aga Traces N 3 Then we insert the recording made in situ by clickin
22. e can be set N B The automatic search works exclusively on the research of the thickness and the speed of the shear 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 29 Waves Within the table of the model additional columns become visible immediately to the left and to the right of those of the thickness and the velocity of shear waves ie the parameters on which the search is performed These new columns are used to indicate the variability limits of the parameter for the single layer or identify a search range of the parameter and if that parameter must be actually considered as part of the search The automatic search works only these two parameters as the SESAME project has been able to confirm the unit weight and the Poisson s ratio have little influence on the variability of the model s response So in this mode for the thickness and the velocity of shear waves of each layer it is possible to indicate whether the single parameter should be included in the search and in that case what are its limits of variability It is also to be considered that in the HVSR technique in order that the procedure has its own validity it is necessary to know the characteristics of the first layer That s why Easy HVSR asks for confirmation to constrain the parameters of the first layer in the event that these at the start of the automatic search procedure have not yet been selected This does not preclude proceeding equally with a search that includes th
23. e button GeoStru Online opens in the web browser the page with our online applications collection Help The button Help opens the user manual Program information The button Program information opens a widow containing the main information about the program Registration code of the product if the product is registered the registration number of the software is shown if the product is running in demo version the word Trial is shown License type Lite for demo mode Software key or Hardware key and information about the license owner The steps of the analysis This section illustrates the steps of the analysis in Easy HVSR The graphical interface of Easy HVSR is substantially divided into two parts resizable depending on the user s needs one part for input and output of numerical data on the left and the other part of graphic rendering of the results and choices made during the analysis process for further details regarding this section go to the Graphics section of 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 21 this user manual The panel on the left side of the main window is divided into five pages that can be opened with a simple click on their name The pages are organized so that each of them corresponds to a phase in which as mentioned before Easy HVSR divides the entire analysis process Each phase is required for the next one even if in some cases better specified forward in this user manual some choi
24. e entered in this field Once the two values are set the button Select starts the procedure for automatic selection When the procedure is concluded the windows are identified in the table in the next section for further consideration Manual selection In this section the are present tools useful to manually locate the windows to be included in the analysis The table collects information on the identified single window indicating the temporal order of the window its initial and final time When selecting a row of this table in the graphics on the right side of the application is highlighted the related window The buttons immediately above the table have the following utility Add to diagram Clicking on the button Add to diagram will start the procedure for the insertion of a window in the list of those that are already identified After clicking on this button go to one of the three graphics of the traces Clicking and holding clicked on one of these graphics a window appears with dimensions consistent with the indications in the general data section of the windows whose initial time moves with the position of the mouse pointer In this way it is possible to place the window in a precise point of the graphic of the trace it can be noted that regardless of the graphic where is clicked the window that moves with the mouse appears in the graphics of all three traces When the mouse button is released the window is placed and con
25. e parameters of the first layer The thickness of the last layer is however constrained as it does not participate in the calculation as it represents the half space lying below the stratigraphy and that is searched for possibly only the propagation velocity of the shear waves Further consideration to take note of is the fact that the automatic search does not optimize the number of layers so that it remains at the sole discretion of the user In this mode the user can still make a manual search through the same procedure as described above with the only difference that in this way is also assessed the value of the mismatch Moreover even if the automatic search provides a first solution this can be relaunched from the solution just found this is because the automatic search finds only one possible solution N B Given the nature of the problem itself namely non definition of the source that generates the noise of the recording both in terms of amplitude and position provides no reliability on the amplitude of the H V spectral ratio for which reason the automatic search does NOT provide the exact solution in finding a stratigraphic model but only a starting point from which to start a MANUAL tuning and refining of the model from the user in which no method or contrivance can raise the ability to interpret which derives from the technical and practical experience of this kind of problems So the automatic search in Easy HVSR is sim
26. e represents the directionality of the spectra 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 27 Spectrum H V The Spectrum H V window is divided into five sections Reliability curve H V Reliability peak Model Automatic search and Results The Automatic search is present only when is selected the option of automatic search as will be explained later In this window are collected all the features useful to the identification of possible stratigraphy associated with the spectral ratio H V until now processed and therefore useful to the identification of a reliable value of the parameter Vs30 Reliability curve H V This section along with the next one collect the checks suggested by SESAME project as regards the reliability of the curve of the spectral ratio H V and its peak until now processed These checks are not binding on the identification of the model in the following sections but if the user wants them to be verified is necessary to return to the previous steps of the analysis For further clarification about the checks see the section on the description of the technique in this manual Reliability peak As detailed in the description of the previous section this is part of the checks required by the SESAME project Model This section contains all the tools necessary to identify store and evaluate the stratigraphic model that best approximates the behavior observed with the spectral ratio H V obtained up to this stage
27. e to be considered in the analysis ie a reduction of the number of frequencies to be taken into consideration This arises from the fact that the recordings are made with a sampling frequency which in phase of Fourier transform returns a spectrum with a frequency step much more dense than that actually required in the analysis Setting the value of this field is possible to encode the Fourier transform to a more significant step When entering the data if confirmed by pressing the Enter key on the keyboard all spectra are immediately reprocessed Selection In this section can be excluded from the entire process of analysis the detected windows in the previous phase on the basis of considerations on the spectra therein This is done by simply placing removing the check mark from the box of the row associated with the window in the table in this section that is to be included excluded For the criteria for use in the choice of exclusion inclusion of windows in the process of analysis see the description of HVSR technique and Graphics section of this manual O 2013 Geostru Software Help Easy HVSR Smoothing In this section can be chosen from the drop down menu the type of smoothing to be made on the spectra and the relative value to the incisiveness of the same In the case of smoothing of Konno amp Ohmachi is offered the possibility to set an additional parameter of the bandwith coefficient typical for this type of smoothing For mo
28. e windows in which are visibly present peaks that can not be considered representative of an undisturbed environment condition in which it is carried out recording The presence of industrial machinery or the passage of the cars in the vicinity of the point where recording is performed alter the normal condition of the site under investigation Which is why it is preferable to eliminate these peaks that would make the process of analysis difficult and even not trusted Are identified those windows which are considered disturbed In our case the windows which should be further discarded are those that are around at approximately 50 180 and 780 seconds Clicking inside of the window on any graphic of the traces this window is highlighted and in the table of the windows is highlighted the line associated with it containing the initial and final instant of the window 2013 Geostru Software Help Easy HVSR 8 Undo Redo Technical Stop office data rai Run Initial instant s 700 0000 720 0000 740 0000 760 0000 780 0000 In the picture above the blue arrows show the correspondence of the table with the selected window while the yellow one shows the correspondence of the table with the stationarity map showing the trend of the H V spectral ratios of each window side by side in chronological order T
29. el Import from test and SAF files oommimonionio rin ia 60 DISCLAIMER Although this program has been given the utmost attention and care to the calculation procedures and the preparation of output documents it is not possible to ensure the accuracy and completeness of these as well as their compliance with the regulations and standards in effect The lack of specific skills by the user of the program may lead to erroneous calculations and results It is the user s responsibility to be sure that the interpretations derived from the use of this software are accurate and correct and the user is the only legal responsible for the results and reports signed 2013 Geostru Software GeoStru Software CHAPTER Help Easy HVSR GeoStru Software GeoStru software The GeoStru Software company develops technical and professional software for geotechnical engineering civil engineering geology geomechanics hydrology soil testing geophysics Thanks to GeoStru Software you can now use the most effective tools for your own profession The GeoStru software represents a complete reliable the computation algorithms are the most technologically advanced in the research field worldwide regularly updated easy to use tool with an intuitive user interface Attention to customer service and the development of software using modern technologies allowed us to become one of the strongest companies in the field on international market
30. end before reaching this limit value and therefore a high value does not necessarily coincide with a better approximation of the solution In fact the achievement of the maximum number of iterations saturation of the calculation progress bar at the bottom right of the application window means that the search did not produce a reliable result and that the solution returned is only the best found during the search process Results This section simply shows the results of the entire analysis procedure so that the user can make own considerations e The value of the frequency in which is located the peak maximum value of the H V spectral ratio with its confidence interval e The value of the frequency in which is located the ellipticity peak the maximum value of the fundamental mode of the stratigraphic model currently in the model table e The value of the parameter Vs30 regarding the stratigraphic model currently present in the model table Graphical configuration In the event that there is no layer in the model table the graphical configuration of the right side of the application window assumes the same graphical configuration of the previous stage of analysis Spectral analysis Inserting even a single layer are displayed the following graphics at the top the graphic of the H V spectral ratio and eventual ellipticity curves of the model in the main table and those that may be stored and 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 31
31. ephone indicating the control code and the software that generated this code 2 Enter the registration code provided by GeoStru in the appropriate text box of this window 3 Complete the operation by clicking the Activate button Activation with hardware key Users with hardware key don t have to follow the activation operations Just insert the hardware key into the PC before starting the application to suppress the activation procedure 2013 Geostru Software 10 Help Easy HVSR Activation procedure Codice del prodotto 9 Registration code of the product e __ ________ 6666305242695554714A6D4F7575664B7267366C39385446536D685A51452F706E784D4E61615 A7355617341 License type Software key Customer data Customer code 6382 z Heading Studio di Ingegneria 2 Address CO OE City Country VAT number Fiscal code E mail Software deactivation In presence of Internet connection you can deactivate a software from a PC and activate it on another PC Reprogramming the hardware key The reprogramming procedure of the hardware key is usually done within a few days requires minimal user intervention and is divided into the following steps Phase 1 Detection of the key code In order for the key to be reprogrammed the code corresponding to the key you have is required The ID code is shown in the window that indicates the type f the inserted key Phase 2 Reprogramming the key Wait for the em
32. g on Traces 2013 Geostru Software 5 This will open a dialog box that will allow you to select the file to upload We choose the folder Tutorial is located inside the installation folder of the program typically it should be something like CA Program Files Geostru EasyHVSR Examples Tutorial and we choose as a filter SESAME ASCII SAF 2013 Geostru Software so Help Easy HVSR GONE Gessi Eagitusk Bamples p Tutorial 4p ceco Tuore A Organizza y Nuova cartella Sk Preferiti Ultima modifica 20 06 2013 17 02 File SAF Raccolte a Gruppo home 8 Computer amp osc a DATA D W My Web Sites on MSN Gu Rete jE CORINA Nome file Esempio_01 SAF Tutti i files 9 6 Opening the Example 01 SAF file is opened the following window that allows to import traces from this type of files 2013 Geostru Software above response file is correlated only to the Z channel e response file for the NS channel is the following response file for the EW channel is the following 7 In the right section of the window the one shown in the image above is a preview of the contents of the SAF file just selected The SAF files are divided in two main parts the first with general data and a second one with the registration data of the three channels of recording instrument This window allows to interpret the contents of the file as described below 8 In the preview pane of the SA
33. haracter Reorder channels Chan North South Chan East West Chan Vertical y 23 oy 2 only to the Z channel The response file for the NS ch is the following The response file for the EW channel is the following 0 010995 0 00375 0 004478 IN NN7791 N NARRE N NNINTR outl Trace East West Vertical Trace 2013 Geostru Software 11 Similarly copy the value indicated by the yellow arrow 2 in the field to ndex row sampling rate indicated by the pink arrow 12 At this point is verified that the import order of the channels is correct In the first section of the SAF file as already mentioned is contain more general information such as notes the order in which the channels are shown in the later part of the recording This information is shown in the next image The response file for the NS channel is the following The response file for the EW channel is the following 010995 0 00375 0 004478 N NN77G1 N NNARER N NNINTR 13 You can read that the channels are in the following order Vertical North South and East West In agreement with the color of the arrows in the image above fill the fields relating to Reorder channels that is to say that the channel North South is in column number 2 and similarly for the other two NOTE When you import a SAF file the visible order in the image above is the default one So unless some anomaly in the SAF file these values do not need t
34. he field above and which may be subsequently amended Separating character In this field you can choose a character or enter one of your choice which is the character used in the text file to be imported to separate data between them typically between one and the other is given at least a space separator Section Reorder channels As the files can be organized in various ways in this section you can associate to each Easy HVSR channel a specific column of text extraction Example Suppose that the columns of the traces in the text file are organized in the following order Vertical North South East West To be able to correctly read the information is therefore necessary to reorganize the extraction placing in the fields for each channel O 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 61 the following values in order 2 3 and 1 Extract The button Extract allows to initiate the procedure of extracting data from the text file loaded into the dialog box which is then shown in the table right next to the button to verify the correctness of the extraction During the extraction process the progress bar shows the status of the extraction OK and Cancel buttons are used to accept or discard the extraction process hitherto performed 2013 Geostru Software 62 Help Easy HVSR O 2013 Geostru Software Index aF e FAQ 11 A Fiducia 33 Filtro 22 35 Activation 5 Finestra 22 Activation via e mail or telephone 5 Finest
35. hic represents the final result of the whole recording analysis Its reliability is measured by the criteria suggested by the SESAME project on the basis of the checks that are carried out in the Spectrum H V window Its reading enables the user to make choices on the windows to be selected in the phase of the spectral analysis In fact so that the H V curve so obtained is actually reliable is necessary that its confidence interval is as narrow as possible This is achieved by excluding from the analysis those windows that have a H V spectral ratio unlike the average especially in those frequency ranges where it is considered excessive the width of the confidence interval By placing the mouse pointer near the points close to curves after a few seconds can be seen a small window within which the coordinates of the point are shown Stationarity map This map is present in the Selection and Spectral analysis windows This map shows the H V spectral ratio of each window It is in fact organized in such a way that along the abscissas axis are present the initial temporal instants of each window while in the ordinate the frequencies analyzed The color map represents in each point the spectral width for a given frequency of the H V spectral ratio associated with a given window selected according to a color coding The usefulness of this graphic is the ability to verify that the H V spectral ratio of all windows has a homogeneous behavio
36. hin this window takes two configurations which are explained later in this manual page General data windows Window size s In this box is entered the temporal dimension of the windows in which are divided the traces of the recording following the procedure in the section that describes the analysis process in this guide As shown in the SESAME project its value must be at least 20 seconds Overlap In this box is entered the value of the percentage of overlap allowed between the time windows in which the traces of the recording are divided according to the procedure in the section that describes the analysis process in this guide Automatic selection The selection of the windows can be done automatically by Easy HVSR through the 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 23 instructions contained in this section In practice are set two values one for the nitial time and the other for the Final time These two values identify an interval within the duration of the entire recording This range is then automatically divided into consistent windows with the settings presented in the previous section The two fields in this section are therefore useful to set the values of the initial time and final time of the interval expressed in seconds The button located immediately next to the Final time field is only used to set the value of the final time equal to the duration of the entire record which represents the maximum value that can b
37. his map will be analyzed and used in subsequent steps of the tutorial where it is explained the great utility 9 Once you select the window in the table even by graphic synchronization with the button e named Remove window it is possible to precisely discard the selected window from the analysis process Proceeding in a similar manner for the other two windows above we get the following result fe DU O 0 AD ROOM O A LE DOS re f i SI E I i id I a al Val i lt ic E Rf li Ca vi O E ETF i i ch 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 LOLLI LO II TEETER EEE LIO BE EE 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 10 If by chance we had mistakenly deleted a window or if we wanted to add one manually there are two procedures The first is the manual entry of the initial instant of the window using the dialog box 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 49 that appears by pressing the button Add window having the following icon The other provides for placing directly on the graphic Clicking the button Add to diagram having the following icon and clicking and holding the left mouse button on one of the graphics of the traces you get an image similar to the following 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Nord Sud East West 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 eje Vertical hi 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 sec While hol
38. ich to subdivide the entire recording red arrow In this tutorial we will leave this unchanged for the time given but for more details you can refer to the relevant section of this manual 3 In the section Automatic selection you can change the values of the initial and final instant identifying the range of the recording that will be split automatically in the windows through the procedure that is launched by the Select button shown in the following image O 2013 Geostru Software s Help Easy HVSR In this case will work the whole recording that has precisely a duration of 1200 seconds 20 minutes 4 Immediately after performing the automatic selection you should get a screen similar to the one shown in the picture 18 gt i hana Undo Fedo Finlinstnts 3 20 000 40 000 60 000 80 000 100 0000 Lu gt Frequency Hz 448 2 12 424 1 89 401 165 3 77 141 3 54 118 5 In the three graphics above you can see how the automatic selection has divided the traces of the three channels in more recordings of length equal to that reported in the Window size field This field will be changed now showing a value of 32 in agreement with the num
39. iltering method of the windows which is based essentially on the evaluation of the relationship between averages useful to identify the possible presence of transients that may have disturbed the recording and then should be discarded Please note that the application of filter to the windows is not necessary for the purposes of the calculation As would be discouraged the user can proceed in the analysis even without applying any filter This is because in some occasions this filter can be inconvenient and a more careful observation of the traces by the user can lead to much better results The filter assumes that are already identified the windows and works in the following way 1 It is considered from those identified a window at a time its temporal dimension in seconds is referred to as LP 2 The window considered has corespondents for peach trace it is considered one trace at a time 3 It is performed the average of the values taken from the trace in the time interval of the LP window 4 The considered window is divided in further temporal windows of SP dimensions in Easy HVSR this value is entered in the field Control window size within the Filter section in the Selection window 5 Is then calculated the average of the values taken by the trace in each sub window of SP dimensions 6 Are compared the average of all sub windows with the average of the window of LP dimension performing the ratio 7 If even one of these ratios is
40. in frequency greater than 5 The operations that you can perform in order to return to this limit are to eliminate the windows that are disturbing the average or change the way in which the directional spectra are summed up The directional sum of the spectra can indeed amplify more the spectral ratio and its standard deviation creating a not very distinct peak For the purposes of this tutorial we will try both solutions 4 Let s go back to the Spectral analysis section and focus once again on the stationarity map It can be seen in correspondence of the peak frequency of the curve relative to the H V spectral ratio the presence of some spectra with an accentuated content see figure below Time min n n o 0 o O 3 3 m a gt amp Time min You can still note that in the highlighted area there is a strong variability of the spectra Excluding the windows from global analysis it is possible to reduce the standard deviation of the H V spectral ratio To eliminate the above windows just proceed as in the previous step of the tutorial thus obtaining the following results Time min 214 fouanbalsy J ZH ZH Aouan Time min 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 57 H V average Frequency Hz The windows eliminated are those that have the following initial instants 960 992 and 1024 If you go to the Spectrum H V section you can now see how all the checks are fulfilled 5
41. ing the chart to which the color is changed is highlighted in red The last two options concern the gradations of color to use for the two color maps in Easy HVSR to choose between the options available in the list By pressing the button OK the changes are accepted while pressing the Cancel button the changes are discarded N B When passing over one of the active components of the window at the top of the same is shown a more detailed description of the parameter below the position of the mouse pointer Home menu This menu gathers general utility commands grouped into further sub categories groups File group New The button New allows to create a new project of Easy HVSR If a project is already opened is asked whether to save all data before creating a new project Open The button Open gives the possibility to open a previously saved project of Easy HVSR If a project is already opened is asked whether to save all data before opening a new project Save The button Save enabled only if you changes were made to the open project allows 2013 Geostru Software 18 Help Easy HVSR to save the contents of the currently open project on the PC If the open project was created from the button New a window opens in which the name and the path can be assigned Save as The button Save As opens a dialog box to save the currently open project with a new name Edit group The buttons Cut Copy and Paste
42. instrument and that of the calculation through a rotation around the vertical axis from 0 to 180 In practice on the abscissa axis are shown the degrees of this rotation on the ordinate axis the frequencies and the color map represents the spectral width of the H V ratio Then each point is the spectral width at a given frequency for a given angle of inclination of the horizontal direction of the spectrum compared to the reference system This map is used to demonstrate the isotropy of the recording or the absence of a source that has a preferential direction and that therefore would vitiate the validity of the registration In fact would violate the assumptions underlying the theory that the sources are evenly distributed Stratigraphy This graphic appears only in the Spectrum H V window in the presence of at least one layer within the table of the model and it is simply a graphical representation of the geometry of the stratigraphic model contained in the table of the model Velocity profile This graphic appears only in the Spectrum H V window in the presence of at least one layer within the table of the model and shows the trend with the depth of the shear wave velocity within the stratigraphy 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 35 Techniques in Easy HVSR This section discusses the methods that are implemented in Easy HVSR so that the user may take wherever necessary informed choices Filter Easy HVSR has one f
43. is the identification of a stratigraphic model in collaboration with the user s experience which well approximates the recorded behavior This allows further evaluation of normative parameter Vs30 General data This section describes the commands of the ribbon bar of a general nature for project management and export of results and content The commands are divided according to the assignment tab Main button The menu that appears when the main button of the application is pressed is divided into two panels the first in which are found the control commands typical of any application and a second panel in which are collected recently opened projects with a button for the management of the program s options 2013 Geostru Software 16 Help Easy HVSR New The button New allows to create a new project of Easy HVSR If a project is already opened is asked whether to save all data before creating a new project Open The button Open gives the possibility to open a previously saved project of Easy HVSR If a project is already opened is asked whether to save all data before opening a new project Save The button Save enabled only if you changes were made to the open project allows to save the contents of the currently open project on the PC If the open project was created from the button New a window opens in which the name and the path can be assigned Save as Recent documents Ese
44. ismatch The model can be recalled by simply selecting the appropriate row in the table of models Import from test and SAF files The dialog box for importing traces from text files allows you to extract the relevant data formatted in any way thanks to the features outlined below Section Read traces This section contains the information needed to locate in the text file on the right side of the dialog box the location of the required data Index first row This field indicates the line where is the first row of the traces data N B To get an immediate reading of the line within the text file on the right side of the dialog box click a point on the line so as to position the cursor in this way at the bottom side and next to the progress bar is displayed the line number Index first column This field indicates the ordinal number of the column in which it appears as the first trace Index row sampling rate This field indicates the line on which is placed the figure for the frequency with which the traces samples were recorded To know the position the same considerations as for the field Index first row apply The frequency will be specified in the relevant field at the bottom side of the window N B Some times is reported the sampling interval which represents the inverse of the sampling frequency Even if you put a wrong index the procedure shall continue assuming a sampling frequency equal to 1 which still appears in t
45. k like this HN average Y O N a 1 10 Frequency Hz 4 The red colored oval in the previous image surrounds an area of the H V average spectral ratio with an excessive standard deviation represented by the curves in blue color In order to get a good result it is necessary to reduce the amplitude of the space between the two blue curves of the standard deviation To do this we can use the stationarity map that allows us to distinguish those who have strong spectral components in the frequency range where the standard deviation is too large as the stationary map collects all the spectral ratios of each window selected in the previous 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 51 step of the analysis 5 Before discarding the windows that generate an excessive standard deviation you can change the type of smoothing to be adopted for the spectral curves In the section Smoothing it is possible to choose different options For the sole purpose of the tutorial we set the type of smoothing according to Konno amp Ohmachi as in the following figure Moving average Triangular constant Triangular proportional Pressing the Update button you will get the following graphic of the spectral ratio H V average E Frequency Hz From the image above you can understand how the change of the of smoothing type affects the curve of the average spectral ratio and its standard deviation while leaving intact the content I
46. liability In this step of the tutorial we will see how to get a curve of the H V spectral ratio with its peak sufficiently reliable It is possible to load the file Step_3 in the tutorial folder containing the data necessary to proceed from this point of the tutorial forward 1 We click on Spectrum H V as shown in figure 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 55 576 0000 576 0000 608 0000 608 0000 640 0000 640 0000 672 0000 672 0000 704 0000 704 0000 736 0000 736 0000 768 0000 800 0000 832 0000 832 0000 864 0000 864 0000 896 0000 896 0000 928 0000 928 0000 960 0000 992 0000 1024 0000 4 2 The first thing to notice is an indication that some checks have not been full field as shown in the figure These tests are recommended by the SESAME project to assess the reliability of the curve for the H V spectral ratio and its peak In this case those that are not checked are those relating to the peak of the curve for which the standard deviation is excessive These checks may also not be taken into account it is only the user s choose whether to take them into account or neglect them To complete the tutorial in this case we decide to take them into account and we will see how to solve this problem 3 The first of the two tests that are not overcome tell us that the peak of at least one of 2013 Geostru Software 56 Help Easy HVSR the two curves of the standard deviation is at a relative distance
47. mpio_01 fal L az Open root folder Export for other GeoStru software Printer Y Options The button Save As opens a dialog box to save the currently open project with a new name Recent documents This panel lists the file names of the recently opened projects Click on the name of the file to open At the end of each line of the list is an additional button that keeps the file in the list while scrolling the list 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 17 Options The button Options opens a window that allows the management of some options and parameters of the software In the General section can be setup the following options e Maximum number of recent files to see in the list e Maximum number of possible undo during the analysis process in Easy HVSR N B If this number is excessively high a big amount of memory is involved The indicated maximum value is 10 In the section Graphics the colors used in the graphics can be assigned For each graphic in the application are shown two colors placed in the columns Actual and New The first column shows the color currently selected in the corresponding graphic while the second one the new color that will be used if the changes are saved Clicking on one of the colors of the column New it opens a dialog box in which can be selected the new color to be assigned At the same time for convenience below the dialog box the text indicat
48. n fact the peak of the curve remains almost the same frequency For more information regarding the types of smoothing and their parameters see the appropriate section of this manual 6 We now present the type of smoothing Triangular proportional leaving the percentage of smoothing to 10 and press Update to return to the previous conditions 7 We re going to change the type of directional sum from Arithmetic mean to Geometric mean as shown in the following figure Direction NS None Direction EW Arithmetic mean Mean square 2013 Geostru Software 52 Help Easy HVSR 8 Pressing the Update button the graphic of the H V average spectral ratio changes taking the following form H V average Frequency Hz j It can be seen that for this case the difference lies in the increasing of the curve s ordinates For more details on the types of directional sums read the related section of this manual 9 Let us look at the stationarity map uanbasy ZH A Time min This map provides us with useful information to distinguish which windows should be excluded from the analysis Have been highlighted in the image above the spectra of those windows that have a strong component in the frequencies where the standard deviation is high It is possible to separate these windows that have squares red and yellow to the above frequencies To exclude these windows you can click on the map on these s
49. not within the range of acceptability of the window of LP dimension is discarded on all traces 8 The operation is repeated for all the detected windows An option of this technique consists in considering the residual windows the size of the SP sub windows only exceptionally will have multiple dimensions of the dimension LP for which reason when dividing the windows of LP dimensions in more windows of SP dimension will remain at least one of a dimension smaller than SP Easy HVSR provides the possibility to include in the filtering process these residual windows by selecting the dedicated option in the Selection window In the same section are also provided the values that identify the range of validity of the above O 2013 Geostru Software 36 Help Easy HVSR mentioned ratio Further consideration the dimension SP must obviously be less than the value LP and should be about an order of magnitude less than the same LP Smoothing There are four smoothing techniques implemented in Easy HVSR For each of them is shown below the smoothing criterion Konno amp Ohmachi This type of smoothing provides that the amplitudes of frequencies around a center frequency are weighted according to the following formula E 24 2 ve Y J vs W f is the center frequency f is the frequency to be weighed b is the bandwidth coefficient The frequency band to be weighed on a logarithmic scale and its amplitude are de
50. nt the representation is the same while remaining erroneous simply the words on 2013 Geostru Software 32 Help Easy HVSR the graphic The graphic of the traces appears in the configurations of Traces and Selection In the first one the graphic is a simple graphic representation of the recordings made in situ In the second configuration instead in addition to maintaining the contents of the previous one shows the time position of the windows identified by the analysis process Each of these windows is represented by a rectangle that encloses then the recording interval associated with the window When one of these windows is selected is highlighted on the graphic with a different color and with a greater thickness of the outline The reverse also applies by selecting a window in the graphic it is selected not only in the table of selected windows but also on the stationarity map In the case in which the value of overlap in the general data has a value greater than 0 the representation of the windows within the graphic of the traces show in the limits of visibility of the screen this overlap In the event that is entered a new window with the graphics mode during the operation of placing this new window will be temporarily displayed and synchronized with the position of the mouse pointer within the graphic a window of sizes equal to that indicated in the field relative to the size of the windows in the general data Average
51. nt of the program and the relationship with GeoStru Software Select language The button Select language gives the user the opportunity to change the interface language of the software choosing another one of the available languages After the selection the software will automatically close in order to load the new language Confirmation to save the current project will be asked prior the closing Registration The button Registration opens a window that offers the possibility to activate or deactivate the software If the software is already activated the button This product is already activated closes the window and returns to the software 2013 Geostru Software z Help Easy HVSR Contact The button Contact is intended to facilitate a better communication with the software provider and gets the user directly on our website RSS The button RSS takes the user on our website to the latest information regarding GeoStru software updates Version and update check The button Version and update check verifies the existence of a newer version of the software and displays a message accordingly FAQ The button FAQ takes the user directly on our website in the Frequently Asked Questions section Ticket The button Ticket shortens the way to our technical staff by sending the user directly to our support website where tickets can easily be registered and sent to our technical support team GeoStru Online Th
52. ntains all commands useful to import traces from the registration files of the recording tools 2013 Geostru Software 22 Help Easy HVSR Read traces The button Read traces opens a window that allows to load traces from files generated by the recording tool used in situ The supported formats are Seg2 sg2 seg2 dat Segy sgy segy SU su Ambrogeo dta SESAME ASCII saf text files txt For the last two types is launched a dialog box for whose instructions please see the relevant page of this manual Sampling frequency In this field is set and or indicated the sampling frequency of the traces If are imported records from files that do not support the storage of the sampling frequency this information needs to be manually inserted in this box Traces table This table shows the values of records from moment to moment for a possible direct reading of values Graphical configuration When the Traces window is selected the configuration of the graphics only shows the three traces each graphic shows the single trace in its direction For further details see the section on Graphics of this user guide Selection The Selection window is divided into four sections General data windows Automatic selection Manual selection and Filter In this section are identified windows that are used in the analysis process from the traces imported in the previous phase The section of the graphics wit
53. o be changed 14 At this point press the button Extract and in the table in the right side of the window we see a preview of the data that will be loaded in Easy HVSR If all went well things should be similar to those seen in the next image 2013 Geostru Software a Help Easy HVSR The above response file is correlated only to the Z channel The response file for the NS channel is the following The response file for the EW channel is the following H 0 013179 0 00841 0 004587 0 003823 0 000109 i 0 001311 0 001675 0 006735 0 007063 0 006371 15 At this point press OK the data will be loaded in the software obtaining a result similar to the next image 16 Now we can save the first step of the work by first pressing the Apply button immediately after the table and then Save in the main menu 2013 Geostru Software Step 2 Selecting time windows In this step of the tutorial we will see how to select the time windows to be employed in the process of elaboration It is possible to load the file Step_1 in the folder of the tutorial containing the data necessary to proceed from this point of the tutorial forward 1 Click on the tab related to the Selection A O O OE cu B pi ti Traces General data Spectral analysis 2 In the section General data windows image below you can enter a value for the time dimension of the windows in wh
54. of the analysis This section provides two ways to search the model manual and automatic Fields common to both modes Number of modes This field allows you to set the number of the ellipticity curve concerning the modes to display the graphic of the spectral ratio H V of the present model or loaded in the table of the model Show more models Selecting this option is displayed on the graphic of the spectral ratio H V the ellipticity curve relative to the stored models listed and selected in the models table below Table of models This table collects the models that are stored showing the name and the value of mismatch if calculated The first column contains a check mark for each stored model that allows to exclude it from being displayed if the check mark is present the ellipticity curve of the model is represented on the graphic of the spectral ratio H V otherwise it is excluded from display 2013 Geostru Software 28 Help Easy HVSR Store This button saves the model in the main table of models giving it a name that has as root Model and suffixed with a sequential number function of the number of models currently stored If the storage is made in automatic search mode is also stored the value of mismatch Remove table of models Removes the selected model from the list of store models Add layer This button adds a layer at the end of the model s stratigraphy Remove layer This button removes the selected la
55. pectrum H V as shown in figure 2013 Geostru Software s Help Easy HVSR E Selection 3 4 Final instant s Selected S 3 0 0000 2 0000 Wo 6 544 0000 576 0000 w 15 576 0000 608 0000 RI i 608 0000 640 0000 El 5 640 0000 672 0000 El 672 0000 704 0000 EA Fi 704 0000 736 0000 Y 736 0000 768 0000 Y 800 0000 832 0000 WI 832 0000 864 0000 Y 864 0000 896 0000 E 896 0000 928 0000 E 928 0000 960 0000 E 980 0000 992 0000 Fal 992 0000 1024 0000 E Konno amp Ohmachi 10 00 2 Within the section Model choose the option Automatic search and through the Add layer button with the following icon add three layers press the button three times 3 In the column Thickness of the first row of the table we put the value 2 while in the column Vs of the same line we insert the value 120 4 On the same line we put the check mark in the boxes for the columns Block thickness and Block velocity as in this analysis in order to get a good result it is necessary to know the actual data of at least the first layer 5 Then change the value of the column named Max thickness of the second line putting it equal to 20 and the column Vs Max in the same row insert 500 6 In the column Vs Max of the third line set the value 900 and the column Vs min let s say 400 With all these data just entered we simply narrow the search ranges of the automatic search ae e
56. ply a tool of notable support for the user in interpreting the results Automatic search In this section are presented some parameters and useful information to the automatic search of the stratigraphic model that best approximates the behavior of the H V spectral ratio 2013 Geostru Software so Help Easy HVSR Profile increasing velocities This option if selected sets a constraint on the search of the shear wave velocity which requires that the difference between the velocity of shear waves in two consecutive layers is equal to or greater than zero Mismatch value This value indicates how well the identified stratigraphic model approximates the behavior deduced from the H V spectral ratio according to a criterion for which a value of mismatch less than a larger one achieves a better match In practice if ideally this value was zero it would be unequivocally identified the correct stratigraphy This condition is clearly impossible even only taking into account the fact that all measurements made are affected by error So basically this value is useful for comparing multiple solutions of models with each other to choose the one with the lowest value Maximum number of iterations Since the automatic search of the stratigraphic model is an iterative process this value is used to set a maximum number of iterations It has a purely applicative value in the sense that has no direct bearing on the calculation which could still
57. quares This will involve selecting the corresponding window in the table in Selection section 2013 Geostru Software Final instant s 64 0000 96 0000 128 0000 224 0000 256 0000 288 0000 320 0000 352 0000 384 0000 416 0000 448 0000 480 0000 544 0000 576 0000 32 0000 96 0000 128 0000 160 0000 256 0000 288 0000 320 0000 352 0000 384 0000 416 0000 448 0000 480 0000 512 0000 576 0000 608 0000 i 14 04 N Wa a OY OO Time min ZH Aouanbas4 Time min ol T L 001 2H Aouanbas4 Easy HVSR 10 By removing the check mark in the column Selected of the row associated with the spectrum to be excluded and pressing Update this window will not be considered in the generation of the curve of the spectral ratio H V Repeating the operation for all windows highlighted in the previous map of stationarity we get the following result O 2013 Geostru Software ZH fouanbasy Time min 10 10 Time min 15 15 001 ZH Aouanbasy s Help Easy HVSR H V average 4 2 1 10 Frequency Hz 11 In the lower left corner of the application window you can see the frequency where it is located the peak of the curve of the average H V spectral ratio with its uncertainty as shown below Step 4 Tests of re
58. r In other words this map should show a trend of the spectral amplitudes constant in time and thus a thickening of the spectral amplitudes along the same frequencies With the help of this graphic the user can choose to discard the windows whose spectral content presents some anomalies compared to the average which has content of some importance even at frequencies where the other spectral ratios do not show significant values The presence of these windows does nothing but increase the width of the confidence interval of the final H V average curve or it will damage the credibility This usually takes place at low frequencies ie below 1 Hz where the ambient noises are of natural origin and their source is very far in comparison to the sources of anthropogenic origin much closer that can easily disturb the contents of the natural sources at low O 2013 Geostru Software 3 Help Easy HVSR frequency To select the spectrum of one of the windows just click on it and automatically the corresponding window will be highlighted in the graphics of the traces and in the windows table Directionality map This map is present in the Selection and Spectral analysis windows It shows the trend of the H V spectral ratio with the variation of the angle formed by the direction of recording and the reference system In fact in the calculation is recomposed the spectrum in one direction assuming to vary the two reference systems that of the
59. re 22 Affidabilita 27 Frequenza 21 Analisi 20 Frequenza massima 25 Apri 17 Frequenza minima 25 Automatic activation via Internet 5 Automatica 27 a G a Autoupdate 11 Generale 21 B ni geology 4 geomechanics 4 Banda frequenza 25 geophysics 4 Bottone principale 15 geotechnical engineering 4 Geotechnics 4 Grafici 31 a C Grafico 31 Campionamento 21 Cantiere 21 H civil engineering 4 Comandi 15 HV 33 Committente 21 hardware key 5 Compatible operating systems 5 Help 11 19 Contact 12 Hydraulics 4 Coordinate 21 hydrology 4 Copyright 11 Customer technical support 11 l D Immagine 18 Importazione 60 Data 21 In situ soil tests 4 Dati generali finestra 22 Informazioni 19 deactivation 5 Interrompi 17 Descrizione 21 Intestazione 21 Dimensione finestra 22 Introduzione 14 Direzionalit 34 Iterazioni 27 E sla Energy 4 Latitudine 21 Esporta 18 Lisciamento 25 36 Esportazione 18 LITE version 5 Localit 21 Longitudine 21 2013 Geostru Software Help Easy HVSR Selezione 25 M Selezione automatica 22 Selezione manuale 22 Sintetico 27 Sintetizza 27 Manual activation 5 Mappa 31 Mappe 31 soil testing 4 medi 32 Somma 37 medio 32 Somma direzionale 25 37 Memorizza 27 Spettri medi 32 Modelli 27 Spettro medio 32 Modello 27 Stampa 18 Modi 27 Stazionariet 33 Stratigrafia 27 34 Structures 4 E N Nakamura 14 T Nome progetto 21 Nuovo 17 technical support 11 Tecnica 14 Tecniche 35
60. re details and for specific methods of smoothing see the techniques in Easy HVSR of this manual Moreover thanks to the option called Tapering it is possible to dampen the edge effect of the band analyzed by the technique known as Tapered cosine window or Tukey window Spectrum H V In this section can be chosen from the drop down menu the way in which the two traces in the horizontal direction of the recording must be summed to obtain a single value For more details and for specific methods of directional sum see the techniques in Easy HVSR Peak frequency This is not a real section but in its label when is evaluated a new spectral ratio H V is indicated the frequency where the peak of the spectral ratio is located with its confidence interval General buttons Update The button Update is used to refresh the contents of the graphics on the right side of the application window in case changes have been made to different options in this window Apply Pressing the button Apply become effective the changes made so far Graphical configuration When the window Spectral analysis is active a configuration of the right side of the application window that shows the following graphics in the top the graphic of the average spectra centrally the graphic of the H V spectral ratio with its confidence interval in the bottom part two color maps the one on the left represents the stationarity of the spectra and the one on the right sid
61. s The software currently translated into eight languages is compatible with international computation rules normatives and it is one of the most used in over 50 countries worldwide GeStru is always present at the main exhibitions in the field both in Italy and abroad SAIE Bologna MADEEXPO Milano GeoFluid Piacenza ExpoEdilizia Roma Restructura Torino SEEBE Belgrad Construct EXPO Bucuresti EcoBuild Londra Construtec Madrid The Big 5 Dubai etc Today working with GeoStru is more than just buying software it means having beside you a team of professionals willing to share their knowledge and experience for excellent results There are many areas where the company has specialized in over the years The family of GeoStru products is in fact divided into several categories Structures Geotechnics and geology Geomechanics In situ soil tests Hydrology and Hydraulics gt Topography gt Energy Geophysics gt Office For further information about our products please visit our website http www geostru com 2013 Geostru Software GeoStru Software 5 Among the many services offered by GeoStru Software you can use the free service GeoStru Online that includes software applications on the web that will help you solve many different problems Product Activation Compatible operating systems Windows all versions The LITE version of the software allows the evaluation of the main characteristics
62. s of the order of some tens of seconds These windows are then filtered to remove parts of the recording containing any transients or other sources of interference that could undermine the analysis It is performed the Fourier transform of all the windows in order to obtain the average spectra in all directions within a range of frequencies chosen by the user Performing a first spectral ratio H V for each window and by a chronological order approach the user gets an indicative map of the spectral ratio stationarity Similarly by varying the angle between the reference system and the direction of the traces axes is obtained an indicative map of the directionality useful to measure the actual uniform distribution of sources 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 15 In the evaluation of the H V spectral ratio the two horizontal components can be added together according to various criteria chosen by the user In addition the Fourier transforms are also smoothed according to various criteria also at the user s choice Checks are performed on the reliability of the H V average curve and of its peak according to the directions of the SESAME project to which reference is made for any further clarification Overcome the above checks the frequency in which is located the peak maximum value of the spectral ratio H V indicates the natural vibration frequency of the site for which the recording was made A further step that Easy HVSR performs
63. sistent with the data previously entered is shown a message asking to confirm the insertion in the event that is violated a condition previously imposed eg an overlapping greater than the one chosen in the general data section of the window Once inserted the window this is also inserted into the table and then can be inspected and selected Add window Clicking on the button Add window is opened a dialog box asking the user to enter the value of the initial time of the window to add Once entered this information clicking on the button Add window or pressing the Enter key on the keyboard the new window is inserted in line to the data entered in the section of general data of the 2013 Geostru Software 24 Help Easy HVSR windows If any previously imposed condition is not fulfilled a dialog box appears asking to confirm the insertion of the window As soon as the window is inserted in the list of detected windows this is shown on the graphic of the traces and inserted in the table to be inspected and selected Remove window Clicking on the button Remove window it is possible to remove from the list of detected windows the currently selected window in the table below Filter In this section are found the fields for entering parameters useful for the filtering technique of the windows excluding those in which there are transients that have disturbed the recording The specifications of the technique are given in the sec
64. spectra The graphic of the average spectra represents the average of the calculated spectra for each of the directions During the analysis process see the technique description the windows are subjected to Fourier transform which then generates a spectrum for each window By averaging for each frequency of the spectrum of each window for the single trace is obtained the average spectrum for the trace itself Performed the same operation described above for all the directions is obtained the graphic of the average spectra The usefulness of this graphic is the ability to verify that there are no sources with content in specific frequencies and at the same time that they have a periodicity In practice provides information about the quality of the recording a good recording should show a graphic of the average spectra in which the curves of the spectra exhibit the same trend so to establish that there are conditions which affect the hypothesis of environmental noise sources a peak in a particular frequency would indicates the presence of a source that disturbs or obscures the others 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 33 H V spectral ratio This graphic is present in the Spectral analysis and Spectrum H V windows and represents the curve of the average H V spectral ratio with its confidence interval Inside the Spectrum H V window are also present the ellipticity curves for one or more modes of one or more models This grap
65. termined by the percentage of smoothing that is equal to the percentage of smoothing for the amplitude of the entire band to be smoothed Moving average This type of smoothing provides that is performed the average of the amplitudes of a certain range of frequencies around a center frequency Amplitude of the surroundings to be smoothed is indicated by the value of the percentage of smoothing that is equal to the percentage of smoothing for the whole frequency band to be smoothed Triangular constant This type of smoothing provides that the amplitudes of the frequencies in the around of a center frequency are weighted according to a linear trend descending from the center frequency where the weight assumes unitary value to the limit frequency of the surroundings where the weight takes the value zero The environment has an amplitude equal to the percentage of smoothing for the bandwidth of the entire band to be smoothed 2013 Geostru Software Easy HVSR 37 Triangular proportional This type of smoothing is the same as the previous one with the difference that the amplitude of the surroundings is proportional with the center frequency or equal to the percentage of smoothing for the value which from time to time assumes the center frequency Fc Directional sum The types of directional sum implemented in Easy HVSR are NS direction Is not performed any directional sum but is taken exclusively the trace in the North South
66. tion of the techniques used by Easy HVSR of this guide The fields in this section are Control window size In this field is entered the value of the temporal dimension of the windows in which are further divided the windows identified with the techniques of the previous sections Upper and lower limit of admissibility In these two fields are set the dimensionless values that identify the range of validity of the filtering technique Consider residual windows If enabled this option allows to consider in the filtering even windows that are smaller than the ones set For more details see the relevant section of the techniques of Easy HVSR The filtering procedure is started by pressing the button Filter The Remove selection button offers the possibility to eliminate in block all the windows identified until that moment The button Apply makes effective the changes made so far Graphical configuration If windows have not yet been identified or if the selection has been removed the graphics shown are only those of the traces as in the previous phase In this configuration is however possible to proceed with a graphical selection of the first window to be included in the list of detected windows as specified in the description of the button Add to diagram of this help page If it has been identified at least one window in addition to the three graphics of traces in the three directions there are also present a graphic for
67. yer form the model s stratigraphy Insert layer This button inserts a layer to the model s stratigraphy immediately prior to the one selected in the table below Import stratigraphy XML This buttons offers the possibility to import a stratigraphy from an XML file previuosly created with other software provided by GeoStru Summarize Launches the calculation procedure required to assess the ellipticity curve or curves if it is set a number of modes greater than 1 of the model currently present in the table below If the automatic search mode is activated the mismatch value is also calculated Manual search This mode allows to search manually a model that approximates the behavior of the spectral ratio H V calculated in the previous steps This mode consists in inserting in the table below a number of layers that the user considers it appropriate and inserting for each of them the geotechnical characteristics the thickness of the layer expressed in meters the unit weight if submerged directly enter the dry unit weight expressed in kN m the Poisson s ratio and the shear wave velocity in m s By pressing the button Summarize the ellipticity curve is shown Automatic search This mode allows to automatically search the geotechnical characteristics of the layers of the model in the table By activating this mode it becomes visible the additional section called Automatic search in which some useful parameters for this search mod

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